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Wang N, Cheng J, Han B, Li Q, Chen Y, Xia F, Jiang B, Jensen MD, Lu Y. Exposure to severe famine in the prenatal or postnatal period and the development of diabetes in adulthood: an observational study. Diabetologia 2017; 60:262-269. [PMID: 27807599 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-016-4148-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Limited studies have compared the effect of prenatal or postnatal exposure to different severities of famine on the risk of developing diabetes. We aimed to measure the association between diabetes in adulthood and the exposure to different degrees of famine early in life (during the prenatal or postnatal period) during China's Great Famine (1959-1962). METHODS Data from 3967 individuals were included (a total of 2115 individuals from areas severely affected by famine, 1858 from moderately affected areas, 6 excluded due to missing data). A total of 2335 famine-exposed individuals were further divided into those exposed during the fetal stage, childhood or adolescence/young adulthood. We constructed a difference-in-differences model to compare HbA1c and fasting plasma glucose among the participants exposed to different degrees of famine intensity at different life stages. Logistic analyses were used as measures of the association between diabetes and the different levels of famine severity at different life stages. RESULTS Individuals who had been exposed to famine during the fetal period, childhood, and adolescence/adulthood and who had lived in a severely affected area had a 0.31%, 0.20% and 0.27% higher HbA1c, respectively, (all p < 0.01) compared with unexposed individuals. After adjusting for age, sex, smoking status, education level and waist circumference, participants exposed to severe famine during the fetal stage (OR 1.90, 95% CI 1.12, 3.21) and childhood (OR 1.44, 95% CI 1.06, 1.97) had significantly higher odds estimates. Unexposed participants living in severely and moderately affected areas had a comparable prevalence of diabetes (OR 1.22, 95% CI 0.80, 1.87). A significant interaction between famine exposure during the fetal and childhood periods and the level of severity in the area of exposure was found (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Exposure to severe famine in the fetal or childhood period may predict a higher HbA1c and an increased diabetes risk in adulthood. These results from China indicate that both the prenatal and postnatal period may offer critical time windows for the determination of the risk of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningjian Wang
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Cheng
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Han
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin Li
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Chen
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangzhen Xia
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Boren Jiang
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China
| | - Michael D Jensen
- Endocrine Research Unit, 5-194 Joseph, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
| | - Yingli Lu
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, People's Republic of China.
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302
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Guo L, Li PH, Li H, Colicino E, Colicino S, Wen Y, Zhang R, Feng X, Barrow TM, Cayir A, Baccarelli AA, Byun HM. Effects of environmental noise exposure on DNA methylation in the brain and metabolic health. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 153:73-82. [PMID: 27914298 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Environmental noise exposure is associated with adverse effects on human health including hearing loss, heart disease, and changes in stress-related hormone levels. Alteration in DNA methylation in response to environmental exposures is a well-known phenomenon and it is implicated in many human diseases. Understanding how environmental noise exposures affect DNA methylation patterns may help to elucidate the link between noise and adverse effects on health. In this pilot study we examined the effects of environmental noise exposure on DNA methylation of genes related to brain function and investigated whether these changes are related with metabolic health. We exposed four groups of male Wistar rats to moderate intensity noise (70-75dB with 20-4000Hz) at night for three days as short-term exposure, and for three weeks as long-term exposure. Noise exposure was limited to 45dB during the daytime. Control groups were exposed to only 45dB, day and night. We measured DNA methylation in the Bdnf, Comt, Crhr1, Mc2r, and Snca genes in tissue from four brain regions of the rats (hippocampus, frontal lobe, medulla oblongata, and inferior colliculus). Further, we measured blood pressure and body weight after long-term noise exposure. We found that environmental noise exposure is associated with gene-specific DNA methylation changes in specific regions of the brain. Changes in DNA methylation are significantly associated with changes in body weight (between Bdnf DNA methylation and Δ body weight: r=0.59, p=0.018; and between LINE-1 ORF DNA methylation and Δ body weight: =-0.80, p=0.0004). We also observed that noise exposure decreased blood pressure (p=0.038 for SBP, p=0.017 for DBP and p 0. 017 for MAP) and decreased body weight (β=-26g, p=0.008). In conclusion, environmental noise exposures can induce changes in DNA methylation in the brain, which may be associated with adverse effects upon metabolic health through modulation of response to stress-related hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqiong Guo
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Peng-Hui Li
- School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Hua Li
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, China
| | - Elena Colicino
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Silvia Colicino
- Respiratory Epidemiology, Occupational Medicine and Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Yi Wen
- Department of Radiology, No. 531 Hospital of the PLA, Tonghua, Jilin 134000, China
| | - Ruiping Zhang
- Department of Radiology, No. 531 Hospital of the PLA, Tonghua, Jilin 134000, China
| | - Xiaotian Feng
- Department of Bioengineering, School of Mineral Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410083, China
| | - Timothy M Barrow
- Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, United Kingdom
| | - Akin Cayir
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Hyang-Min Byun
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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303
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Navarro E, Funtikova AN, Fíto M, Schröder H. Prenatal nutrition and the risk of adult obesity: Long-term effects of nutrition on epigenetic mechanisms regulating gene expression. J Nutr Biochem 2017; 39:1-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2016.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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304
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Li J, Liu S, Li S, Feng R, Na L, Chu X, Wu X, Niu Y, Sun Z, Han T, Deng H, Meng X, Xu H, Zhang Z, Qu Q, Zhang Q, Li Y, Sun C. Prenatal exposure to famine and the development of hyperglycemia and type 2 diabetes in adulthood across consecutive generations: a population-based cohort study of families in Suihua, China. Am J Clin Nutr 2017; 105:221-227. [PMID: 27927634 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.116.138792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There has been increased recognition that prenatal or perinatal nutrition has an effect on the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in adulthood, although studies that have directly examined whether the effect could be transmitted to the next generation remain sparse. OBJECTIVE We investigated the role of prenatal exposure to the Chinese famine in affecting future T2D risk in adulthood in 2 consecutive generations. DESIGN A total of 1034 families, including 2068 parents [parental generation (F1)] and 1183 offspring [offspring generation (F2)], were recruited from the Suihua rural area that was affected by the Chinese Famine of 1959-1961. Participants born between 1 October 1959 and 30 September 1961 were defined as famine exposed, and those born between 1 October 1962 and 30 September 1964 were defined as nonexposed. The F2 were classified as having 1) no parent exposed to famine, 2) only a mother exposed to famine, 3) only a father exposed to famine, or 4) both parents exposed to famine. Classical risk factors for T2D as well as fasting-glucose- and oral-glucose-tolerance tests were measured in both the F1 and F2. RESULTS Prenatal exposure to famine was associated with elevated risks of hyperglycemia (multivariable-adjusted OR: 1.93; 95% CI: 1.51, 2.48) and T2D (OR: 1.75; 95% CI: 1.20, 2.54) in adulthood in F1. Furthermore, compared with the offspring of nonexposed parents, the F2 with exposed parents- especially both exposed parents-had increased hyperglycemia risk (OR: 2.02; 95% CI: 1.12, 3.66) in adulthood. CONCLUSION Prenatal exposure to famine remarkably increases hyperglycemia risk in 2 consecutive generations of Chinese adults independent of known T2D risk factors, which supports the notion that prenatal nutrition plays an important role in the development of T2D across consecutive generations of Chinese adults. This trial was registered at www.chictr.org.cn as ChiCTR-ECH-13003644.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; and.,Departments of Epidemiology and.,Medicine, Center for Global Cardiometabolic Health, Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Simin Liu
- Departments of Epidemiology and.,Medicine, Center for Global Cardiometabolic Health, Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Songtao Li
- National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; and
| | - Rennan Feng
- National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; and
| | - Lixin Na
- National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; and
| | - Xia Chu
- National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; and
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; and
| | - Yucun Niu
- National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; and
| | - Zongxiang Sun
- National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; and
| | - Tianshu Han
- National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; and
| | - Haoyuan Deng
- National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; and
| | - Xing Meng
- National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; and
| | - Huan Xu
- National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; and
| | - Zhe Zhang
- National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; and
| | - Qiannuo Qu
- National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; and
| | - Qiao Zhang
- National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; and
| | - Ying Li
- National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; and
| | - Changhao Sun
- National Key Discipline, Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China; and
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305
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Bysani M, Perfilyev A, de Mello VD, Rönn T, Nilsson E, Pihlajamäki J, Ling C. Epigenetic alterations in blood mirror age-associated DNA methylation and gene expression changes in human liver. Epigenomics 2016; 9:105-122. [PMID: 27911095 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2016-0087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To study the impact of aging on DNA methylation and mRNA expression in human liver. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES We analysed genome-wide DNA methylation and gene expression in human liver samples using Illumina 450K and HumanHT12 expression BeadChip arrays. RESULTS DNA methylation analysis of ∼455,000 CpG sites in human liver revealed that age was significantly associated with altered DNA methylation of 20,396 CpG sites. Comparison of liver methylation data with published methylation data in other tissues showed that vast majority of the age-associated significant CpG sites overlapped between liver and blood, whereas a smaller overlap was found between liver and pancreatic islets or adipose tissue, respectively. We identified 151 genes whose liver expression also correlated with age. CONCLUSIONS We identified age-associated DNA methylation and expression changes in human liver that are partly reflected by epigenetic alterations in blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhusudhan Bysani
- Epigenetics & Diabetes Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Alexander Perfilyev
- Epigenetics & Diabetes Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Vanessa D de Mello
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Public Health & Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tina Rönn
- Epigenetics & Diabetes Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Emma Nilsson
- Epigenetics & Diabetes Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jussi Pihlajamäki
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Public Health & Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Clinical Nutrition & Obesity Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Charlotte Ling
- Epigenetics & Diabetes Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University Diabetes Centre, Malmö, Sweden
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306
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Abstract
Health nudge interventions to steer people into healthier lifestyles are increasingly applied by governments worldwide, and it is natural to look to such approaches to improve health by altering what people choose to eat. However, to produce policy recommendations that are likely to be effective, we need to be able to make valid predictions about the consequences of proposed interventions, and for this, we need a better understanding of the determinants of food choice. These determinants include dietary components (e.g. highly palatable foods and alcohol), but also diverse cultural and social pressures, cognitive-affective factors (perceived stress, health attitude, anxiety and depression), and familial, genetic and epigenetic influences on personality characteristics. In addition, our choices are influenced by an array of physiological mechanisms, including signals to the brain from the gastrointestinal tract and adipose tissue, which affect not only our hunger and satiety but also our motivation to eat particular nutrients, and the reward we experience from eating. Thus, to develop the evidence base necessary for effective policies, we need to build bridges across different levels of knowledge and understanding. This requires experimental models that can fill in the gaps in our understanding that are needed to inform policy, translational models that connect mechanistic understanding from laboratory studies to the real life human condition, and formal models that encapsulate scientific knowledge from diverse disciplines, and which embed understanding in a way that enables policy-relevant predictions to be made. Here we review recent developments in these areas.
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307
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Finer S, Iqbal MS, Lowe R, Ogunkolade BW, Pervin S, Mathews C, Smart M, Alam DS, Hitman GA. Is famine exposure during developmental life in rural Bangladesh associated with a metabolic and epigenetic signature in young adulthood? A historical cohort study. BMJ Open 2016; 6:e011768. [PMID: 27881521 PMCID: PMC5168545 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-011768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Famine exposure in utero can 'programme' an individual towards type 2 diabetes and obesity in later life. We sought to identify, (1) whether Bangladeshis exposed to famine during developmental life are programmed towards diabetes and obesity, (2) whether this programming was specific to gestational or postnatal exposure windows and (3) whether epigenetic differences were associated with famine exposure. DESIGN A historical cohort study was performed as part of a wider cross-sectional survey. Exposure to famine was defined through birth date and historical records and participants were selected according to: (A) exposure to famine in postnatal life, (B) exposure to famine during gestation and (C) unexposed. SETTING Matlab, a rural area in the Chittagong division of Bangladesh. PARTICIPANTS Young adult men and women (n=190) recruited to a historical cohort study with a randomised subsample included in an epigenetic study (n=143). OUTCOME MEASURES Primary outcome measures of weight, body mass index and oral glucose tolerance tests (0 and 120 min glucose). Secondary outcome measures included DNA methylation using genome-wide and targeted analysis of metastable epialleles sensitive to maternal nutrition. RESULTS More young adults exposed to famine in gestation were underweight than those postnatally exposed or unexposed. In contrast, more young adults exposed to famine postnatally were overweight compared to those gestationally exposed or unexposed. Underweight adults exposed to famine in gestation in utero were hyperglycaemic following a glucose tolerance test, and those exposed postnatally had elevated fasting glucose, compared to those unexposed. Significant differences in DNA methylation at seven metastable epialleles (VTRNA2-1, PAX8, PRDM-9, near ZFP57, near BOLA, EXD3) known to vary with gestational famine exposure were identified. CONCLUSIONS Famine exposure in developmental life programmed Bangladeshi offspring towards diabetes and obesity in adulthood but gestational and postnatal windows of exposure had variable effects on phenotype. DNA methylation differences were replicated at previously identified metastable epialleles sensitive to periconceptual famine exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Finer
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, London, UK
| | - M S Iqbal
- Center for Control and Chronic disease' to Initiative for Non-Communicable Diseases (INCD), Health System and Population Studies Division, ICDDR,B, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - R Lowe
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, London, UK
| | - B W Ogunkolade
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, London, UK
| | - S Pervin
- Center for Control and Chronic disease' to Initiative for Non-Communicable Diseases (INCD), Health System and Population Studies Division, ICDDR,B, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - C Mathews
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, London, UK
| | - M Smart
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, London, UK
| | - D S Alam
- Center for Control and Chronic disease' to Initiative for Non-Communicable Diseases (INCD), Health System and Population Studies Division, ICDDR,B, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - G A Hitman
- Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, London, UK
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308
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Agha G, Hajj H, Rifas-Shiman SL, Just AC, Hivert MF, Burris HH, Lin X, Litonjua AA, Oken E, DeMeo DL, Gillman MW, Baccarelli AA. Birth weight-for-gestational age is associated with DNA methylation at birth and in childhood. Clin Epigenetics 2016; 8:118. [PMID: 27891191 PMCID: PMC5112715 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-016-0285-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both higher and lower fetal growth are associated with cardio-metabolic health later in life, suggesting that prenatal developmental programming determines long-term cardiovascular disease risk. Epigenetic mechanisms, which orchestrate fetal growth and development, may offer insight on the early programming of health and disease. We investigated whether birth weight-for-gestational is associated with DNA methylation at birth and mid-childhood, measured via the Infinium 450K array. METHODS/RESULTS Participants were from Project Viva, a pre-birth cohort of pregnant women and their children in Eastern Massachusetts. After exclusion of participants with maternal type 1 or 2 diabetes and gestational age <34 weeks, we used DNA methylation assays from 476 venous umbilical cord blood samples and a subset of 235 who additionally had peripheral blood samples available in mid-childhood (age 7-10 years). Among 392,918 CpG sites analyzed, birth weight-for-gestational age z-score was associated with cord blood DNA methylation at 34 CpGs (false discovery rate P < 0.05), after adjusting for maternal age, race/ethnicity, education, smoking, parity, delivery mode, pre-pregnancy BMI, gestational diabetes status, child sex, and estimated cord blood cell proportions based on a cord blood reference panel. Two of these CpGs were previously reported in epigenome-wide analyses of birth weight, and several other CpGs map to genes relevant to fetal growth and development. Namely, higher birth weight-for-gestational age was associated with higher methylation at four CpGs at the PBX1 locus (e.g., β (95% CI) for lead signal at cg06750897 = 1.9 (1.2, 2.6)), which encodes a transcription factor that regulates embryonic development. Birth weight-for-gestational age was also associated with mid-childhood blood DNA methylation at four of the 34 CpGs identified in cord blood analyses, including sites at the PBX1 locus described. CONCLUSIONS We identified CpG sites where birth weight-for-gestational age was associated with DNA methylation at birth, and for a subset of these sites, birth weight-for-gestational age was also associated with DNA methylation at mid-childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golareh Agha
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - Hanine Hajj
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA USA
| | - Sheryl L. Rifas-Shiman
- Obesity Prevention Program, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA USA
| | - Allan C. Just
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
| | - Marie-France Hivert
- Obesity Prevention Program, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA USA
- Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA
| | - Heather H. Burris
- Department of Neonatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA
| | - Xihong Lin
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA
| | | | - Emily Oken
- Obesity Prevention Program, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA USA
| | - Dawn L. DeMeo
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Matthew W. Gillman
- Obesity Prevention Program, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA
| | - Andrea A. Baccarelli
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032 USA
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309
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Szutorisz H, Hurd YL. Feeding the Developing Brain: The Persistent Epigenetic Effects of Early Life Malnutrition. Biol Psychiatry 2016; 80:730-732. [PMID: 27765157 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2016.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Henrietta Szutorisz
- Departments of Psychiatry, New York, New York; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Yasmin L Hurd
- Departments of Psychiatry, New York, New York; Neuroscience, Friedman Brain Institute, New York, New York; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
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310
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Peter CJ, Fischer LK, Kundakovic M, Garg P, Jakovcevski M, Dincer A, Amaral AC, Ginns EI, Galdzicka M, Bryce CP, Ratner C, Waber DP, Mokler D, Medford G, Champagne FA, Rosene DL, McGaughy JA, Sharp AJ, Galler JR, Akbarian S. DNA Methylation Signatures of Early Childhood Malnutrition Associated With Impairments in Attention and Cognition. Biol Psychiatry 2016; 80:765-774. [PMID: 27184921 PMCID: PMC5036982 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2016.03.2100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early childhood malnutrition affects 113 million children worldwide, impacting health and increasing vulnerability for cognitive and behavioral disorders later in life. Molecular signatures after childhood malnutrition, including the potential for intergenerational transmission, remain unexplored. METHODS We surveyed blood DNA methylomes (~483,000 individual CpG sites) in 168 subjects across two generations, including 50 generation 1 individuals hospitalized during the first year of life for moderate to severe protein-energy malnutrition, then followed up to 48 years in the Barbados Nutrition Study. Attention deficits and cognitive performance were evaluated with the Connors Adult Attention Rating Scale and Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence. Expression of nutrition-sensitive genes was explored by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction in rat prefrontal cortex. RESULTS We identified 134 nutrition-sensitive, differentially methylated genomic regions, with most (87%) specific for generation 1. Multiple neuropsychiatric risk genes, including COMT, IFNG, MIR200B, SYNGAP1, and VIPR2 showed associations of specific methyl-CpGs with attention and IQ. IFNG expression was decreased in prefrontal cortex of rats showing attention deficits after developmental malnutrition. CONCLUSIONS Early childhood malnutrition entails long-lasting epigenetic signatures associated with liability for attention and cognition, and limited potential for intergenerational transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril J. Peter
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Laura K. Fischer
- The Chester M. Pierce, MD Division of Global Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown MA 02129
| | - Marija Kundakovic
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Paras Garg
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Mira Jakovcevski
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029,Max-Planck Institute for Psychiatry, D-Munich 80804
| | - Aslihan Dincer
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029,Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Ana C. Amaral
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129
| | - Edward I Ginns
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, and Clinical Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Shrewsbury, MA 01545
| | - Marzena Galdzicka
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Shrewsbury, MA 01545
| | | | - Chana Ratner
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Deborah P Waber
- Boston Children’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
| | - David Mokler
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, University of New England, Biddeford, ME
| | | | | | - Douglas L. Rosene
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston MA 02118
| | - Jill A. McGaughy
- Department of Psychology, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03077
| | - Andrew J. Sharp
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029
| | - Janina R. Galler
- The Chester M. Pierce, MD Division of Global Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown MA 02129
| | - Schahram Akbarian
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York.
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311
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van Dijk SJ, Zhou J, Peters TJ, Buckley M, Sutcliffe B, Oytam Y, Gibson RA, McPhee A, Yelland LN, Makrides M, Molloy PL, Muhlhausler BS. Effect of prenatal DHA supplementation on the infant epigenome: results from a randomized controlled trial. Clin Epigenetics 2016; 8:114. [PMID: 27822319 PMCID: PMC5096291 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-016-0281-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence is accumulating that nutritional exposures in utero can influence health outcomes in later life. Animal studies and human epidemiological studies have implicated epigenetic modifications as playing a key role in this process, but there are limited data from large well-controlled human intervention trials. This study utilized a large double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial to test whether a defined nutritional exposure in utero, in this case docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), could alter the infant epigenome. Pregnant mothers consumed DHA-rich fish oil (800 mg DHA/day) or placebo supplements from 20 weeks' gestation to delivery. Blood spots were collected from the children at birth (n = 991) and blood leukocytes at 5 years (n = 667). Global DNA methylation was measured in all samples, and Illumina HumanMethylation450K BeadChip arrays were used for genome-wide methylation profiling in a subset of 369 children at birth and 65 children at 5 years. RESULTS There were no differences in global DNA methylation levels between the DHA and control group either at birth or at 5 years, but we identified 21 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) at birth, showing small DNA methylation differences (<5%) between the treatment groups, some of which seemed to persist until 5 years. The number of DMRs at birth was greater in males (127 DMRs) and in females (72 DMRs) separately, indicating a gender-specific effect. CONCLUSION Maternal DHA supplementation during the second half of pregnancy had small effects on DNA methylation of infants. While the potential functional significance of these changes remains to be determined, these findings further support the role of epigenetic modifications in developmental programming in humans and point the way for future studies. TRIAL REGISTRATION Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR), ACTRN12605000569606 and ACTRN12611001127998.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan J. van Dijk
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, PO Box 52, North Ryde, New South Wales 1670 Australia
| | - Jing Zhou
- FOODplus Research Centre, School of Agriculture Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5064 Australia
| | | | | | - Brodie Sutcliffe
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, PO Box 52, North Ryde, New South Wales 1670 Australia
| | - Yalchin Oytam
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, North Ryde, New South Wales 2113 Australia
| | - Robert A. Gibson
- FOODplus Research Centre, School of Agriculture Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5064 Australia
- Child Nutrition Research Centre, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5006 Australia
| | - Andrew McPhee
- Department of Neonatal Medicine, Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia 5006 Australia
| | - Lisa N. Yelland
- Child Nutrition Research Centre, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5006 Australia
- School of Public Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5000 Australia
| | - Maria Makrides
- Child Nutrition Research Centre, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5006 Australia
| | - Peter L. Molloy
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, PO Box 52, North Ryde, New South Wales 1670 Australia
| | - Beverly S. Muhlhausler
- FOODplus Research Centre, School of Agriculture Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5064 Australia
- Child Nutrition Research Centre, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5006 Australia
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312
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Wang J, Li Y, Han X, Liu B, Hu H, Wang F, Li X, Yang K, Yuan J, Yao P, Miao X, Wei S, Wang Y, Liang Y, Zhang X, Guo H, Yang H, Hu FB, Wu T, He M. Exposure to the Chinese Famine in Childhood Increases Type 2 Diabetes Risk in Adults. J Nutr 2016; 146:2289-2295. [PMID: 27629572 DOI: 10.3945/jn.116.234575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence shows that exposure to poor conditions in early life is associated with an increased risk of chronic diseases in adults. OBJECTIVE We investigated whether exposure to the Chinese famine (1959-1961) in the fetal stage or in childhood (0-9 y) was associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and hyperglycemia in adulthood. METHODS We included 7801 subjects aged 56.4 ± 3.3 y from the Dongfeng-Tongji cohort. Subjects were classified into late-, middle-, and early-childhood-exposed, fetal-exposed, and unexposed groups. Excess mortality rate was used to evaluate the severity of famine. Logistic regression models were used to analyze the famine-dysglycemia associations. Generalized linear models were used to assess the famine effects on dysglycemia risk during the 5-y follow-up period among 3100 subjects. RESULTS In descriptive analyses, the risk of T2D was significantly greater in the middle-childhood-exposed group (OR: 1.44; 95% CI: 1.10, 1.87; P = 0.007), and the risk of hyperglycemia was higher in the middle- and late-childhood-exposed groups than in the unexposed group (OR: 1.54; 95% CI: 1.26, 1.88 and OR: 1.51; 95% CI: 1.23, 1.85, respectively). In sex-specific analyses, women exposed in middle childhood (OR: 1.55; 95% CI: 1.16, 2.06) and late childhood (OR: 1.40; 95% CI: 1.05, 1.87) had a higher risk of T2D than unexposed women. This association was not found in men. Similar associations were found for hyperglycemia risk. Moreover, subjects who experienced severe famine in childhood had a 38% higher T2D risk (95% CI: 1.05, 1.81) than those exposed to less severe famine. In retrospective cohort analyses, participants who experienced famine in middle childhood had a higher hyperglycemia risk relative to the unexposed group (RR: 2.06; 95% CI: 1.08, 3.90). CONCLUSION Exposure to the Chinese famine in childhood was related to an increased risk of adulthood T2D and hyperglycemia, particularly in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health for Incubating, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yaru Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health for Incubating, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xu Han
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health for Incubating, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bing Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health for Incubating, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hua Hu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health for Incubating, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health for Incubating, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiulou Li
- Dongfeng General Hospital, Dongfeng Motor Corporation and Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China; and
| | - Kun Yang
- Dongfeng General Hospital, Dongfeng Motor Corporation and Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China; and
| | - Jing Yuan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health for Incubating, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ping Yao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health for Incubating, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoping Miao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health for Incubating, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Sheng Wei
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health for Incubating, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Youjie Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health for Incubating, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuan Liang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health for Incubating, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health for Incubating, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huan Guo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health for Incubating, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Handong Yang
- Dongfeng General Hospital, Dongfeng Motor Corporation and Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China; and
| | - Frank B Hu
- Departments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Tangchun Wu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health for Incubating, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Meian He
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health for Incubating, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China;
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313
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Skröder H, Hawkesworth S, Moore SE, Wagatsuma Y, Kippler M, Vahter M. Prenatal lead exposure and childhood blood pressure and kidney function. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2016; 151:628-634. [PMID: 27611993 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to lead, a common environmental pollutant, is known to cause cardiovascular and nephrotoxic effects in adults. Potential effects of early-life lead exposure on these functions are, however, less well characterized. OBJECTIVES To assess blood pressure and kidney function in preschool-aged children in relation to prenatal lead exposure. METHODS This prospective study in rural Bangladesh measured children's systolic and diastolic blood pressure in triplicate at the follow-up at 4.5±0.11 years. Their kidney function was assessed by the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), calculated based on serum cystatin C concentrations, and by kidney volume, measured by sonography. Exposure to lead was assessed by concentrations in the mothers' blood (erythrocyte fraction; Ery-Pb) in gestational weeks (GW) 14 and 30, the effects of which were evaluated separately in multivariable-adjusted linear regression analyses. RESULTS We found no associations between maternal exposure to lead [n~1500 for GW14 and 700 for GW30] and children's blood pressure or eGFR. However, we found an inverse association between late gestation lead and kidney volume, although the sample size was limited (n=117), but not with early gestation lead (n=573). An increase of 85µg/kg in Ery-Pb (median concentration at GW30) was associated with a 6.0cm3/m2 decrease in kidney volume (=0.4SD; p=0.041). After stratifying on gender, there seemed to be a somewhat stronger association in girls. CONCLUSIONS Prenatal lead exposure may cause long-lasting effects on the kidney. This warrants follow-up studies in older children, as well as additional studies in other populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Skröder
- Unit of Metals and Health, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - Yukiko Wagatsuma
- Department of Clinical Trial and Clinical Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Maria Kippler
- Unit of Metals and Health, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marie Vahter
- Unit of Metals and Health, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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314
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Epigenome-wide DNA methylation analysis in siblings and monozygotic twins discordant for sporadic Parkinson's disease revealed different epigenetic patterns in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Neurogenetics 2016; 18:7-22. [PMID: 27709425 DOI: 10.1007/s10048-016-0497-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have elucidated the genetics of Parkinson's disease; however, the aetiology of the majority of sporadic cases has not yet been resolved. We hypothesized that epigenetic variations could be associated with PD and evaluated the DNA methylation pattern in PD patients compared to brothers or twins without PD. The methylation of DNA from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 62 discordant siblings including 24 monozygotic twins was characterized with Illumina DNA Methylation 450K bead arrays and subsequently validated in two independent cohorts: 221 PD vs. 227 healthy individuals (cohort 1) applying Illumina's VeraCode and 472 PD patients vs. 487 controls (cohort 2) using pyrosequencing. We choose a delta beta of >15 % and selected 62 differentially methylated CpGs in 51 genes from the discordant siblings. Among them, three displayed multiple CpGs per gene: microRNA 886 (MIR886, 10 CpGs), phosphodiesterase 4D (PDE4D, 2 CpGs) and tripartite motif-containing 34 (TRIM34, 2 CpGs). PDE4D was confirmed in both cohorts (p value 2.44e-05). In addition, for biomarker construction, we used the penalized logistic regression model, resulting in a signature of eight CpGs with an AUC of 0.77. Our findings suggest that a distinct level of PD susceptibility stems from individual, epigenetic modifications of specific genes. We identified a signature of CpGs in blood cells that could separate control from disease with a reasonable discriminatory power, holding promise for future epigenetically based biomarker development.
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315
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Sayols-Baixeras S, Irvin MR, Arnett DK, Elosua R, Aslibekyan SW. Epigenetics of Lipid Phenotypes. CURRENT CARDIOVASCULAR RISK REPORTS 2016; 10:31. [PMID: 28496562 PMCID: PMC5421987 DOI: 10.1007/s12170-016-0513-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Dyslipidemia is a well-established risk factor for cardiovascular disease, the main cause of death worldwide. Blood lipid profiles are patterned by both genetic and environmental factors. In recent years, epigenetics has emerged as a paradigm that unifies these influences. In this review, we have summarized the latest evidence implicating epigenetic mechanisms-DNA methylation, histone modification, and regulation by RNAs-in lipid homeostasis. Key findings have emerged in a number of novel epigenetic loci located in biologically plausible genes (e.g. CPT1A, ABCG1, SREBF1, and others), as well as microRNA-33a/b. Evidence from animal and cell culture models suggests a complex interplay between different classes of epigenetic processes in the lipid-related genomic regions. While epigenetic findings hold the potential to explain the interindividual variability in lipid profiles as well as the underlying mechanisms, they have yet to be translated into effective therapies for dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergi Sayols-Baixeras
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Genetics Group, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mediques (IMIM), Dr. Aiguader, 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain, Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona 08003, Spain, (tel) 34-93-316-07-27, (fax) 34-93-316-04-10
| | - Marguerite R Irvin
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1665 University Blvd, RPHB 220F, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA, (tel) 1-205-975-7672, (fax)1-205-975-3329
| | - Donna K Arnett
- College of Public Health, University of Kentucky, 111 Washington Avenue, Lexington, KY 40536, USA, (tel) 1-859-257-5678, (fax) 1-859-257-8811
| | - Roberto Elosua
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology and Genetics Group, Institut Hospital del Mar d'Investigacions Mediques (IMIM), Dr. Aiguader, 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain, (tel) 34-93-316-08-00, (fax) 34-93-316-04-10
| | - Stella W Aslibekyan
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1665 University Blvd, RPHB 230J, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA, (tel) 1-205-975-7675, (fax) 1-205-975-3329
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316
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Casanello P, Krause BJ, Castro-Rodríguez JA, Uauy R. [Epigenetics and obesity]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 87:335-342. [PMID: 27692574 DOI: 10.1016/j.rchipe.2016.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Current evidence supports the notion that exposure to various environmental conditions in early life may induce permanent changes in the epigenome that persist throughout the life-course. This article focuses on early changes associated with obesity in adult life. A review is presented on the factors that induce changes in whole genome (DNA) methylation in early life that are associated with adult onset obesity and related disorders. In contrast, reversal of epigenetic changes associated with weight loss in obese subjects has not been demonstrated. This contrasts with well-established associations found between obesity related DNA methylation patterns at birth and adult onset obesity and diabetes. Epigenetic markers may serve to screen indivuals at risk for obesity and assess the effects of interventions in early life that may delay or prevent obesity in early life. This might contribute to lower the obesity-related burden of death and disability at the population level. The available evidence indicates that epigenetic marks are in fact modifiable, based on modifications in the intrauterine environment and changes in food intake, physical activity and dietary patterns patterns during pregnancy and early years of adult life. This offers the opportunity to intervene before conception, during pregnancy, infancy, childhood, and also in later life. There must be documentation on the best preventive actions in terms of diet and physical activity that will modify or revert the adverse epigenetic markers, thus preventing obesity and diabetes in suceptible individuals and populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Casanello
- División de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; División de Pediatría, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Bernardo J Krause
- División de Pediatría, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - José A Castro-Rodríguez
- División de Pediatría, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ricardo Uauy
- División de Pediatría, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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317
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Epigenetic studies in Developmental Origins of Health and Disease: pitfalls and key considerations for study design and interpretation. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2016; 8:30-43. [DOI: 10.1017/s2040174416000507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The field of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) seeks to understand the relationships between early-life environmental exposures and long-term health and disease. Until recently, the molecular mechanisms underlying these phenomena were poorly understood; however, epigenetics has been proposed to bridge the gap between the environment and phenotype. Epigenetics involves the study of heritable changes in gene expression, which occur without changes to the underlying DNA sequence. Different types of epigenetic modifications include DNA methylation, post-translational histone modifications and non-coding RNAs. Increasingly, changes to the epigenome have been associated with early-life exposures in both humans and animal models, offering both an explanation for how the environment may programme long-term health, as well as molecular changes that could be developed as biomarkers of exposure and/or future disease. As such, epigenetic studies in DOHaD hold much promise; however, there are a number of factors which should be considered when designing and interpreting such studies. These include the impact of the genome on the epigenome, the tissue-specificity of epigenetic marks, the stability (or lack thereof) of epigenetic changes over time and the importance of associating epigenetic changes with changes in transcription or translation to demonstrate functional consequences. In this review, we discuss each of these key concepts and provide practical strategies to mitigate some common pitfalls with the aim of providing a useful guide for future epigenetic studies in DOHaD.
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318
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Mendizabal I, Shi L, Keller TE, Konopka G, Preuss TM, Hsieh TF, Hu E, Zhang Z, Su B, Yi SV. Comparative Methylome Analyses Identify Epigenetic Regulatory Loci of Human Brain Evolution. Mol Biol Evol 2016; 33:2947-2959. [PMID: 27563052 PMCID: PMC5062329 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msw176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
How do epigenetic modifications change across species and how do these modifications affect evolution? These are fundamental questions at the forefront of our evolutionary epigenomic understanding. Our previous work investigated human and chimpanzee brain methylomes, but it was limited by the lack of outgroup data which is critical for comparative (epi)genomic studies. Here, we compared whole genome DNA methylation maps from brains of humans, chimpanzees and also rhesus macaques (outgroup) to elucidate DNA methylation changes during human brain evolution. Moreover, we validated that our approach is highly robust by further examining 38 human-specific DMRs using targeted deep genomic and bisulfite sequencing in an independent panel of 37 individuals from five primate species. Our unbiased genome-scan identified human brain differentially methylated regions (DMRs), irrespective of their associations with annotated genes. Remarkably, over half of the newly identified DMRs locate in intergenic regions or gene bodies. Nevertheless, their regulatory potential is on par with those of promoter DMRs. An intriguing observation is that DMRs are enriched in active chromatin loops, suggesting human-specific evolutionary remodeling at a higher-order chromatin structure. These findings indicate that there is substantial reprogramming of epigenomic landscapes during human brain evolution involving noncoding regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Mendizabal
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country, Leioa, Spain
| | - Lei Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China The Molecular & Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Thomas E Keller
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA
| | - Genevieve Konopka
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Todd M Preuss
- Division of Neuropharmacology and Neurologic Diseases & Center for Translational Social Neuroscience, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Tzung-Fu Hsieh
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology and Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Enzhi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Bing Su
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Soojin V Yi
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA
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Hernández-Aguilera A, Fernández-Arroyo S, Cuyàs E, Luciano-Mateo F, Cabre N, Camps J, Lopez-Miranda J, Menendez JA, Joven J. Epigenetics and nutrition-related epidemics of metabolic diseases: Current perspectives and challenges. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 96:191-204. [PMID: 27503834 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We live in a world fascinated by the relationship between disease and nutritional disequilibrium. The subtle and slow effects of chronic nutrient toxicity are a major public health concern. Since food is potentially important for the development of "metabolic memory", there is a need for more information on the type of nutrients causing adverse or toxic effects. We now know that metabolic alterations produced by excessive intake of some nutrients, drugs and chemicals directly impact epigenetic regulation. We envision that understanding how metabolic pathways are coordinated by environmental and genetic factors will provide novel insights for the treatment of metabolic diseases. New methods will enable the assembly and analysis of large sets of complex molecular and clinical data for understanding how inflammation and mitochondria affect bioenergetics, epigenetics and health. Collectively, the observations we highlight indicate that energy utilization and disease are intimately connected by epigenetics. The challenge is to incorporate metabolo-epigenetic data in better interpretations of disease, to expedite therapeutic targeting of key pathways linking nutritional toxicity and metabolism. An additional concern is that changes in the parental phenotype are detectable in the methylome of subsequent offspring. The effect might create a menace to future generations and preconceptional considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Hernández-Aguilera
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Salvador Fernández-Arroyo
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Elisabet Cuyàs
- Molecular Oncology Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain; ProCURE (Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance), Metabolism and Cancer Group, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, Spain
| | - Fedra Luciano-Mateo
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Noemi Cabre
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Jordi Camps
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
| | - Jose Lopez-Miranda
- Lipid and Atherosclerosis Unit, IMIBIC, Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatologia Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier A Menendez
- Molecular Oncology Group, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBGI), Girona, Spain; ProCURE (Program Against Cancer Therapeutic Resistance), Metabolism and Cancer Group, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Girona, Spain.
| | - Jorge Joven
- Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain; The Campus of International Excellence Southern Catalonia, Tarragona, Spain.
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Bakulski KM, Halladay A, Hu VW, Mill J, Fallin MD. Epigenetic Research in Neuropsychiatric Disorders: the "Tissue Issue". Curr Behav Neurosci Rep 2016; 3:264-274. [PMID: 28093577 DOI: 10.1007/s40473-016-0083-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Evidence has linked neuropsychiatric disorders with epigenetic marks as either a biomarker of disease, biomarker of exposure, or mechanism of disease processes. Neuropsychiatric epidemiologic studies using either target brain tissue or surrogate blood tissue each have methodological challenges and distinct advantages. RECENT FINDINGS Brain tissue studies are challenged by small sample sizes of cases and controls, incomplete phenotyping, post-mortem timing, and cellular heterogeneity, but the use of a primary disease relevant tissue is critical. Blood-based studies have access to much larger sample sizes and more replication opportunities, as well as the potential for longitudinal measurements, both prior to onset and during the course of treatments. Yet, blood studies also are challenged by cell-type heterogeneity, and many question the validity of using peripheral tissues as a brain biomarker. Emerging evidence suggests that these limitations to blood-based epigenetic studies are surmountable, but confirmation in target tissue remains important. SUMMARY Epigenetic mechanisms have the potential to help elucidate biology connecting experiential risk factors with neuropsychiatric disease manifestation. Cross-tissue studies as well as advanced epidemiologic methods should be employed to more effectively conduct neuropsychiatric epigenetic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly M Bakulski
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Alycia Halladay
- Autism Science Foundation, New York City, New York, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Valerie W Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jonathan Mill
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK; Institute for Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - M Daniele Fallin
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA; Wendy Klag Center for Autism and Developmental Disabilities, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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321
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Thorsell A, Nätt D. Maternal stress and diet may influence affective behavior and stress-response in offspring via epigenetic regulation of central peptidergic function. ENVIRONMENTAL EPIGENETICS 2016; 2:dvw012. [PMID: 29492293 PMCID: PMC5804527 DOI: 10.1093/eep/dvw012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
It has been shown that maternal stress and malnutrition, or experience of other adverse events, during the perinatal period may alter susceptibility in the adult offspring in a time-of-exposure dependent manner. The mechanism underlying this may be epigenetic in nature. Here, we summarize some recent findings on the effects on gene-regulation following maternal malnutrition, focusing on epigenetic regulation of peptidergic activity. Numerous neuropeptides within the central nervous system are crucial components in regulation of homeostatic energy-balance, as well as affective health (i.e. health events related to affective disorders, psychiatric disorders also referred to as mood disorders). It is becoming evident that expression, and function, of these neuropeptides can be regulated via epigenetic mechanisms during fetal development, thereby contributing to the development of the adult phenotype and, possibly, modulating disease susceptibility. Here, we focus on two such neuropeptides, neuropeptide Y (NPY) and corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), both involved in regulation of endocrine function, energy homeostasis, as well as affective health. While a number of published studies indicate the involvement of epigenetic mechanisms in CRH-dependent regulation of the offspring adult phenotype, NPY has been much less studied in this context and needs further work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Thorsell
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Linköping University, SE 581 83, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Daniel Nätt
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Linköping University, SE 581 83, Linköping, Sweden
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322
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Kwon EJ, Lee HA, You YA, Park H, Cho SJ, Ha EH, Kim YJ. DNA methylations of MC4R and HNF4α are associated with increased triglyceride levels in cord blood of preterm infants. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e4590. [PMID: 27583872 PMCID: PMC5008556 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000004590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The association of preterm birth with obesity and metabolic syndrome later in life is well established. Although the biological mechanism for this association is poorly understood, epigenetic alterations of metabolic-related genes in early life may have important roles in metabolic dysfunction. Thus, we investigated the associations of DNA methylations of melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) and hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha (HNF4α) with metabolic profiles in cord blood of term and preterm infants.We measured metabolic profiles in cord blood samples of 85 term and 85 preterm infants. DNA methylation and mRNA expression levels of MC4R and HNF4α in cord blood cells were quantified using pyrosequencing and real-time PCR. Triglyceride (TG) levels were grouped by percentile as low (<10th percentile), mid (11th-89th percentiles), and high (>90th percentile). A multiple linear regression model was used to assess the differential effects of DNA methylation on metabolic indices in cord blood between term and preterm infants.The beta-coefficients for associations between TG levels and methylation statuses of MC4R-CpG3 and HNF4α-CpG2 in the P1 promoter differed significantly between term and preterm infants (P = 0.04 and P = 0.003, respectively). DNA methylation statuses of MC4R-CpG3 and HNF4α-CpG2 in the P1 promoter were significantly lower in preterm infants in the high-TG group compared with those in the mid- and low-TG groups (P = 0.01). Notably, preterm infants in the high-TG group had higher TG levels in cord blood than term infants in the high-TG group (60.49 vs 54.57 mg/dL). In addition, MC4R and HNF4α expression levels were higher in preterm infants than in term infants (P < 0.05).Epigenetic alterations of the newly identified genes MC4R and HNF4α in early life might contribute to metabolic profile changes, especially increased TG levels, in the cord blood of preterm infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Jin Kwon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine
| | | | | | | | - Su Jin Cho
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Hee Ha
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine
| | - Young Ju Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Correspondence: Young Ju Kim, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, 1071 Anyangcheon-ro, Yangcheon-ku, Seoul 158-710, Republic of Korea (e-mail: )
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323
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Yang Y, Zhou R, Mu Y, Hou X, Tang Z, Li K. Genome-wide analysis of DNA methylation in obese, lean, and miniature pig breeds. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30160. [PMID: 27444743 PMCID: PMC4957084 DOI: 10.1038/srep30160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation is a crucial epigenetic modification involved in diverse biological processes. There is significant phenotypic variance between Chinese indigenous and western pig breeds. Here, we surveyed the genome-wide DNA methylation profiles of blood leukocytes from three pig breeds (Tongcheng, Landrace, and Wuzhishan) by methylated DNA immunoprecipitation sequencing. The results showed that DNA methylation was enriched in gene body regions and repetitive sequences. LINE/L1 and SINE/tRNA-Glu were the predominant methylated repeats in pigs. The methylation level in the gene body regions was higher than in the 5' and 3' flanking regions of genes. About 15% of CpG islands were methylated in the pig genomes. Additionally, 2,807, 2,969, and 5,547 differentially methylated genes (DMGs) were identified in the Tongcheng vs. Landrace, Tongcheng vs. Wuzhishan, and Landrace vs. Wuzhishan comparisons, respectively. A total of 868 DMGs were shared by the three contrasts. The DMGs were significantly enriched in development- and metabolism-related biological processes and pathways. Finally, we identified 32 candidate DMGs associated with phenotype variance in pigs. Our research provides a DNA methylome resource for pigs and furthers understanding of epigenetically regulated phenotype variance in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Agricultural Genome Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518124, China
| | - Rong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yulian Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xinhua Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhonglin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Agricultural Genome Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518124, China
| | - Kui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
- Agricultural Genome Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518124, China
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324
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Holland ML, Lowe R, Caton PW, Gemma C, Carbajosa G, Danson AF, Carpenter AAM, Loche E, Ozanne SE, Rakyan VK. Early-life nutrition modulates the epigenetic state of specific rDNA genetic variants in mice. Science 2016; 353:495-8. [PMID: 27386920 DOI: 10.1126/science.aaf7040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A suboptimal early-life environment, due to poor nutrition or stress during pregnancy, can influence lifelong phenotypes in the progeny. Epigenetic factors are thought to be key mediators of these effects. We show that protein restriction in mice from conception until weaning induces a linear correlation between growth restriction and DNA methylation at ribosomal DNA (rDNA). This epigenetic response remains into adulthood and is restricted to rDNA copies associated with a specific genetic variant within the promoter. Related effects are also found in models of maternal high-fat or obesogenic diets. Our work identifies environmentally induced epigenetic dynamics that are dependent on underlying genetic variation and establishes rDNA as a genomic target of nutritional insults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L Holland
- The Blizard Institute, Barts, and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK.
| | - Robert Lowe
- The Blizard Institute, Barts, and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Paul W Caton
- Division of Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Carolina Gemma
- The Blizard Institute, Barts, and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Guillermo Carbajosa
- The Blizard Institute, Barts, and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Amy F Danson
- The Blizard Institute, Barts, and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK
| | - Asha A M Carpenter
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Elena Loche
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Susan E Ozanne
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Vardhman K Rakyan
- The Blizard Institute, Barts, and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 2AT, UK.
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325
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Pubertal development in healthy children is mirrored by DNA methylation patterns in peripheral blood. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28657. [PMID: 27349168 PMCID: PMC4923870 DOI: 10.1038/srep28657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Puberty marks numerous physiological processes which are initiated by central activation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis, followed by development of secondary sexual characteristics. To a large extent, pubertal timing is heritable, but current knowledge of genetic polymorphisms only explains few months in the large inter-individual variation in the timing of puberty. We have analysed longitudinal genome-wide changes in DNA methylation in peripheral blood samples (n = 102) obtained from 51 healthy children before and after pubertal onset. We show that changes in single methylation sites are tightly associated with physiological pubertal transition and altered reproductive hormone levels. These methylation sites cluster in and around genes enriched for biological functions related to pubertal development. Importantly, we identified that methylation of the genomic region containing the promoter of TRIP6 was co-ordinately regulated as a function of pubertal development. In accordance, immunohistochemistry identified TRIP6 in adult, but not pre-pubertal, testicular Leydig cells and circulating TRIP6 levels doubled during puberty. Using elastic net prediction models, methylation patterns predicted pubertal development more accurately than chronological age. We demonstrate for the first time that pubertal attainment of secondary sexual characteristics is mirrored by changes in DNA methylation patterns in peripheral blood. Thus, modulations of the epigenome seem involved in regulation of the individual pubertal timing.
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326
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Dekkers KF, van Iterson M, Slieker RC, Moed MH, Bonder MJ, van Galen M, Mei H, Zhernakova DV, van den Berg LH, Deelen J, van Dongen J, van Heemst D, Hofman A, Hottenga JJ, van der Kallen CJH, Schalkwijk CG, Stehouwer CDA, Tigchelaar EF, Uitterlinden AG, Willemsen G, Zhernakova A, Franke L, 't Hoen PAC, Jansen R, van Meurs J, Boomsma DI, van Duijn CM, van Greevenbroek MMJ, Veldink JH, Wijmenga C, van Zwet EW, Slagboom PE, Jukema JW, Heijmans BT. Blood lipids influence DNA methylation in circulating cells. Genome Biol 2016; 17:138. [PMID: 27350042 PMCID: PMC4922056 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-016-1000-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cells can be primed by external stimuli to obtain a long-term epigenetic memory. We hypothesize that long-term exposure to elevated blood lipids can prime circulating immune cells through changes in DNA methylation, a process that may contribute to the development of atherosclerosis. To interrogate the causal relationship between triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels and genome-wide DNA methylation while excluding confounding and pleiotropy, we perform a stepwise Mendelian randomization analysis in whole blood of 3296 individuals. Results This analysis shows that differential methylation is the consequence of inter-individual variation in blood lipid levels and not vice versa. Specifically, we observe an effect of triglycerides on DNA methylation at three CpGs, of LDL cholesterol at one CpG, and of HDL cholesterol at two CpGs using multivariable Mendelian randomization. Using RNA-seq data available for a large subset of individuals (N = 2044), DNA methylation of these six CpGs is associated with the expression of CPT1A and SREBF1 (for triglycerides), DHCR24 (for LDL cholesterol) and ABCG1 (for HDL cholesterol), which are all key regulators of lipid metabolism. Conclusions Our analysis suggests a role for epigenetic priming in end-product feedback control of lipid metabolism and highlights Mendelian randomization as an effective tool to infer causal relationships in integrative genomics data. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13059-016-1000-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koen F Dekkers
- Molecular Epidemiology section, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten van Iterson
- Molecular Epidemiology section, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Roderick C Slieker
- Molecular Epidemiology section, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Matthijs H Moed
- Molecular Epidemiology section, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marc Jan Bonder
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Broerstraat 5, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Michiel van Galen
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hailiang Mei
- Sequence Analysis Support Core, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Daria V Zhernakova
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Broerstraat 5, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Leonard H van den Berg
- Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Joris Deelen
- Molecular Epidemiology section, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jenny van Dongen
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Diana van Heemst
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Albert Hofman
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, ErasmusMC, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jouke J Hottenga
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carla J H van der Kallen
- Department of Internal Medicine and School for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, P. Debyelaan 25, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Casper G Schalkwijk
- Department of Internal Medicine and School for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, P. Debyelaan 25, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Coen D A Stehouwer
- Department of Internal Medicine and School for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, P. Debyelaan 25, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ettje F Tigchelaar
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Broerstraat 5, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - André G Uitterlinden
- Department of Internal Medicine, ErasmusMC, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gonneke Willemsen
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alexandra Zhernakova
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Broerstraat 5, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lude Franke
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Broerstraat 5, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter A C 't Hoen
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Rick Jansen
- Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joyce van Meurs
- Department of Internal Medicine, ErasmusMC, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dorret I Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelia M van Duijn
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, ErasmusMC, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marleen M J van Greevenbroek
- Department of Internal Medicine and School for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, P. Debyelaan 25, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan H Veldink
- Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Cisca Wijmenga
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Broerstraat 5, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Erik W van Zwet
- Department of Medical Statistics and Bioinformatics, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - P Eline Slagboom
- Molecular Epidemiology section, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - J Wouter Jukema
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Bastiaan T Heijmans
- Molecular Epidemiology section, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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327
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Irwin RE, Pentieva K, Cassidy T, Lees-Murdock DJ, McLaughlin M, Prasad G, McNulty H, Walsh CP. The interplay between DNA methylation, folate and neurocognitive development. Epigenomics 2016; 8:863-79. [PMID: 27319574 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2016-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA methylation provides an attractive possible means for propagating the effects of environmental inputs during fetal life and impacting subsequent adult mental health, which is leading to increasing collaboration between molecular biologists, nutritionists and psychiatrists. An area of interest is the potential role of folate, not just in neural tube closure in early pregnancy, but in later major neurodevelopmental events, with consequences for later sociocognitive maturation. Here, we set the scene for recent discoveries by reviewing the major events of neural development during fetal life, with an emphasis on tissues and structures where dynamic methylation changes are known to occur. Following this, we give an indication of some of the major classes of genes targeted by methylation and important for neurological and behavioral development. Finally, we highlight some cognitive disorders where methylation changes are implicated as playing an important role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachelle E Irwin
- EpiFASSTT study, Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK
| | - Kristina Pentieva
- EpiFASSTT study, Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK
| | - Tony Cassidy
- EpiFASSTT study, Psychology, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK
| | | | | | - Girijesh Prasad
- EpiFASSTT study, Computer Sciences Research Institutes, Ulster University, Londonderry, UK
| | - Helene McNulty
- EpiFASSTT study, Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK
| | - Colum P Walsh
- EpiFASSTT study, Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK
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328
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The interplay between lipids and epigenetic mechanisms has recently gained increased interest because of its relevance for common diseases and most notably atherosclerosis. This review discusses recent advances in unravelling this interplay with a particular focus on promising approaches and methods that will be able to establish causal relationships. RECENT FINDINGS Complementary approaches uncovered close links between circulating lipids and epigenetic mechanisms at multiple levels. A characterization of lipid-associated genetic variants suggests that these variants exert their influence on lipid levels through epigenetic changes in the liver. Moreover, exposure of monocytes to lipids persistently alters their epigenetic makeup resulting in more proinflammatory cells. Hence, epigenetic changes can both impact on and be induced by lipids. SUMMARY It is the combined application of technological advances to probe epigenetic modifications at a genome-wide scale and methodological advances aimed at causal inference (including Mendelian randomization and integrative genomics) that will elucidate the interplay between circulating lipids and epigenetics. Understanding its role in the development of atherosclerosis holds the promise of identifying a new category of therapeutic targets, since epigenetic changes are amenable to reversal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koen F Dekkers
- aMolecular Epidemiology section bDepartment of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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329
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The Impact of External Factors on the Epigenome: In Utero and over Lifetime. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:2568635. [PMID: 27294112 PMCID: PMC4887632 DOI: 10.1155/2016/2568635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic marks change during fetal development, adult life, and aging. Some changes play an important role in the establishment and regulation of gene programs, but others seem to occur without any apparent physiological role. An important future challenge in the field of epigenetics will be to describe how the environment affects both of these types of epigenetic change and to learn if interaction between them can determine healthy and disease phenotypes during lifetime. Here we discuss how chemical and physical environmental stressors, diet, life habits, and pharmacological treatments can affect the epigenome during lifetime and the possible impact of these epigenetic changes on pathophysiological processes.
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330
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Sutton EF, Gilmore LA, Dunger DB, Heijmans BT, Hivert MF, Ling C, Martinez JA, Ozanne SE, Simmons RA, Szyf M, Waterland RA, Redman LM, Ravussin E. Developmental programming: State-of-the-science and future directions-Summary from a Pennington Biomedical symposium. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2016; 24:1018-26. [PMID: 27037645 PMCID: PMC4846483 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE On December 8-9, 2014, the Pennington Biomedical Research Center convened a scientific symposium to review the state-of-the-science and future directions for the study of developmental programming of obesity and chronic disease. The objectives of the symposium were to discuss: (i) past and current scientific advances in animal models, population-based cohort studies, and human clinical trials, (ii) the state-of-the-science of epigenetic-based research, and (iii) considerations for future studies. RESULTS This symposium provided a comprehensive assessment of the state of the scientific field and identified research gaps and opportunities for future research in order to understand the mechanisms contributing to the developmental programming of health and disease. CONCLUSIONS Identifying the mechanisms which cause or contribute to developmental programming of future generations will be invaluable to the scientific and medical community. The ability to intervene during critical periods of prenatal and early postnatal life to promote lifelong health is the ultimate goal. Considerations for future research including the use of animal models, the study design in human cohorts with considerations about the timing of the intrauterine exposure, and the resulting tissue-specific epigenetic signature were extensively discussed and are presented in this meeting summary.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Robert A. Waterland
- USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, USA
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331
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Genetic and environmental influences interact with age and sex in shaping the human methylome. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11115. [PMID: 27051996 PMCID: PMC4820961 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The methylome is subject to genetic and environmental effects. Their impact may depend on sex and age, resulting in sex- and age-related physiological variation and disease susceptibility. Here we estimate the total heritability of DNA methylation levels in whole blood and estimate the variance explained by common single nucleotide polymorphisms at 411,169 sites in 2,603 individuals from twin families, to establish a catalogue of between-individual variation in DNA methylation. Heritability estimates vary across the genome (mean=19%) and interaction analyses reveal thousands of sites with sex-specific heritability as well as sites where the environmental variance increases with age. Integration with previously published data illustrates the impact of genome and environment across the lifespan at methylation sites associated with metabolic traits, smoking and ageing. These findings demonstrate that our catalogue holds valuable information on locations in the genome where methylation variation between people may reflect disease-relevant environmental exposures or genetic variation. Differential impact of genetic and environmental influences on DNA methylation may result in sex- and age-related physiological variation and disease susceptibility. By analysing DNA methylome of 2,603 individuals from twin families, here, the authors establish a catalogue of between-individual variation in DNA methylation.
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332
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Epigenetics in Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition: Present Trends and Future Perspectives. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2016; 62:521-9. [PMID: 26628441 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000001053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetics can be defined as stable, potentially heritable changes in the cellular phenotype caused by mechanisms other than alterations to the underlying DNA sequence. As such, any observed phenotypic changes including organ development, aging, and the occurrence of disease could be driven by epigenetic mechanisms in the presence of stable cellular DNA sequences. Indeed, with the exception of rare mutations, the human genome-sequence has remained remarkably stable over the past centuries. In contrast, substantial changes to our environment as part of our modern life style have not only led to a significant reduction of certain infectious diseases but also seen the exponential increase in complex traits including obesity and multifactorial diseases such as autoimmune disorders. It is becoming increasingly clear that epigenetic mechanisms operate at the interface between the genetic code and our environment, and a large body of existing evidence supports the importance of environmental factors such as diet and nutrition, infections, and exposure to toxins on human health. This seems to be particularly the case during vulnerable periods of human development such as pregnancy and early life. Importantly, as the first point of contact for many of such environmental factors including nutrition, the digestive system is being increasingly linked to a number of "modern" pathologies. In this review article, we aim to give a brief introduction to the basic molecular principals of epigenetics and provide a concise summary of the existing evidence for the role of epigenetic mechanisms in gastrointestinal health and disease, hepatology, and nutrition.
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333
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Camarena V, Wang G. The epigenetic role of vitamin C in health and disease. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:1645-58. [PMID: 26846695 PMCID: PMC4805483 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2145-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 12/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances have uncovered a previously unknown function of vitamin C in epigenetic regulation. Vitamin C exists predominantly as an ascorbate anion under physiological pH conditions. Ascorbate was discovered as a cofactor for methylcytosine dioxygenases that are responsible for DNA demethylation, and also as a likely cofactor for some JmjC domain-containing histone demethylases that catalyze histone demethylation. Variation in ascorbate bioavailability thus can influence the demethylation of both DNA and histone, further leading to different phenotypic presentations. Ascorbate deficiency can be presented systematically, spatially and temporally in different tissues at the different stages of development and aging. Here, we review how ascorbate deficiency could potentially be involved in embryonic and postnatal development, and plays a role in various diseases such as neurodegeneration and cancer through epigenetic dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Camarena
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Biomedical Research Building, Rm. 608, 1501 NW 10th Ave, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Gaofeng Wang
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Biomedical Research Building, Rm. 608, 1501 NW 10th Ave, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
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334
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Lea AJ, Altmann J, Alberts SC, Tung J. Resource base influences genome-wide DNA methylation levels in wild baboons (Papio cynocephalus). Mol Ecol 2016; 25:1681-96. [PMID: 26508127 PMCID: PMC4846536 DOI: 10.1111/mec.13436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Variation in resource availability commonly exerts strong effects on fitness-related traits in wild animals. However, we know little about the molecular mechanisms that mediate these effects, or about their persistence over time. To address these questions, we profiled genome-wide whole-blood DNA methylation levels in two sets of wild baboons: (i) 'wild-feeding' baboons that foraged naturally in a savanna environment and (ii) 'Lodge' baboons that had ready access to spatially concentrated human food scraps, resulting in high feeding efficiency and low daily travel distances. We identified 1014 sites (0.20% of sites tested) that were differentially methylated between wild-feeding and Lodge baboons, providing the first evidence that resource availability shapes the epigenome in a wild mammal. Differentially methylated sites tended to occur in contiguous stretches (i.e., in differentially methylated regions or DMRs), in promoters and enhancers, and near metabolism-related genes, supporting their functional importance in gene regulation. In agreement, reporter assay experiments confirmed that methylation at the largest identified DMR, located in the promoter of a key glycolysis-related gene, was sufficient to causally drive changes in gene expression. Intriguingly, all dispersing males carried a consistent epigenetic signature of their membership in a wild-feeding group, regardless of whether males dispersed into or out of this group as adults. Together, our findings support a role for DNA methylation in mediating ecological effects on phenotypic traits in the wild and emphasize the dynamic environmental sensitivity of DNA methylation levels across the life course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J. Lea
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Box 90338, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Jeanne Altmann
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Princeton University, 106A Guyot Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
- Institute of Primate Research, National Museums of Kenya, P. O. Box 24481, Karen 00502, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Susan C. Alberts
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Box 90338, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Institute of Primate Research, National Museums of Kenya, P. O. Box 24481, Karen 00502, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Jenny Tung
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Box 90338, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Institute of Primate Research, National Museums of Kenya, P. O. Box 24481, Karen 00502, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Box 90383, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Duke University Population Research Institute, Box 90420, Durham, NC 27708, USA
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335
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Blood-based biomarkers of age-associated epigenetic changes in human islets associate with insulin secretion and diabetes. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11089. [PMID: 27029739 PMCID: PMC4821875 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging associates with impaired pancreatic islet function and increased type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk. Here we examine whether age-related epigenetic changes affect human islet function and if blood-based epigenetic biomarkers reflect these changes and associate with future T2D. We analyse DNA methylation genome-wide in islets from 87 non-diabetic donors, aged 26-74 years. Aging associates with increased DNA methylation of 241 sites. These sites cover loci previously associated with T2D, for example, KLF14. Blood-based epigenetic biomarkers reflect age-related methylation changes in 83 genes identified in human islets (for example, KLF14, FHL2, ZNF518B and FAM123C) and some associate with insulin secretion and T2D. DNA methylation correlates with islet expression of multiple genes, including FHL2, ZNF518B, GNPNAT1 and HLTF. Silencing these genes in β-cells alter insulin secretion. Together, we demonstrate that blood-based epigenetic biomarkers reflect age-related DNA methylation changes in human islets, and associate with insulin secretion in vivo and T2D.
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336
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Decoding Lamarck—transgenerational control of metabolism by noncoding RNAs. Pflugers Arch 2016; 468:959-69. [DOI: 10.1007/s00424-016-1807-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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337
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Brummelte S, Mc Glanaghy E, Bonnin A, Oberlander TF. Developmental changes in serotonin signaling: Implications for early brain function, behavior and adaptation. Neuroscience 2016; 342:212-231. [PMID: 26905950 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The neurotransmitter serotonin (5-HT) plays a central role in brain development, regulation of mood, stress reactivity and risk of psychiatric disorders, and thus alterations in 5-HT signaling early in life have critical implications for behavior and mental health across the life span. Drawing on preclinical and emerging human evidence this narrative review paper will examine three key aspects when considering the consequences of early life changes in 5-HT: (1) developmental origins of variations of 5-HT signaling; (2) influence of genetic and epigenetic factors; and (3) preclinical and clinical consequences of 5-HT-related changes associated with antidepressant exposure (SSRIs). The developmental consequences of altered prenatal 5-HT signaling varies greatly and outcomes depend on an ongoing interplay between biological (genetic/epigenetic variations) and environmental factors, both pre and postnatally. Emerging evidence suggests that variations in 5-HT signaling may increase sensitivity to risky home environments, but may also amplify a positive response to a nurturing environment. In this sense, factors that change central 5-HT levels may act as 'plasticity' rather than 'risk' factors associated with developmental vulnerability. Understanding the impact of early changes in 5-HT levels offers critical insights that might explain the variations in early typical brain development that underlies behavioral risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Brummelte
- Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, 5057 Woodward Avenue, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
| | - E Mc Glanaghy
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Child & Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - A Bonnin
- Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute and Department of Cell and Neurobiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - T F Oberlander
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Child & Family Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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338
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Koopman JJE, van Bodegom D, Ziem JB, Westendorp RGJ. An Emerging Epidemic of Noncommunicable Diseases in Developing Populations Due to a Triple Evolutionary Mismatch. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2016; 94:1189-92. [PMID: 26880777 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.15-0715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
With their transition from adverse to affluent environments, developing populations experience a rapid increase in the number of individuals with noncommunicable diseases. Here, we emphasize that developing populations are more susceptible than western populations to acquire these chronic diseases, because their genetic, cultural, and epigenetic characteristics do not match with the eagerly awaited affluent environments. In regard to this, there is an urgent need for public health organizations to reorganize current environments in developing populations so as to fit their inherited characteristics. Unfortunately, this need is neglected as an essential part of the Sustainable Development Goals that form the core of the United Nations' Post-2015 Development Agenda. Only through global collaborative efforts can the environments in developing populations be reorganized and, thereby, the emerging epidemic of noncommunicable diseases be stalled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob J E Koopman
- Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Leyden Academy on Vitality and Ageing, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana; Department of Public Health and Center of Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David van Bodegom
- Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Leyden Academy on Vitality and Ageing, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana; Department of Public Health and Center of Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Juventus B Ziem
- Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Leyden Academy on Vitality and Ageing, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana; Department of Public Health and Center of Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rudi G J Westendorp
- Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands; Leyden Academy on Vitality and Ageing, Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana; Department of Public Health and Center of Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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339
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Krause BJ, Castro-Rodríguez JA, Uauy R, Casanello P. [General concepts of epigenetics: Projections in paediatrics]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 87:4-10. [PMID: 26872716 DOI: 10.1016/j.rchipe.2015.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Current evidence supports the notion that alterations in intrauterine growth and during the first years of life have a substantial effect on the risk for the development of chronic disease, which in some cases is even higher than those due to genetic factors. The persistence and reproducibility of the phenotypes associated with altered early development suggest the participation of mechanisms that would record environmental cues, generating a cellular reprogramming (i.e., epigenetic mechanisms). This review is an introduction to a series of five articles focused on the participation of epigenetic mechanisms in the development of highly prevalent chronic diseases (i.e., cardiovascular, metabolic, asthma/allergies and cancer) and their origins in the foetal and neonatal period. This series of articles aims to show the state of the art in this research area and present the upcoming clues and challenges, in which paediatricians have a prominent role, developing strategies for the prevention, early detection and follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo J Krause
- División de Pediatría, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - José A Castro-Rodríguez
- División de Pediatría, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ricardo Uauy
- División de Pediatría, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paola Casanello
- División de Pediatría, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; División de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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340
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Microbiome-Epigenome Interactions and the Environmental Origins of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2016; 62:208-19. [PMID: 26308318 PMCID: PMC4724338 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000000950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis, has risen alarmingly in the Western and developing world in recent decades. Epidemiologic (including monozygotic twin and migrant) studies highlight the substantial role of environment and nutrition in IBD etiology. Here we review the literature supporting the developmental and environmental origins hypothesis of IBD. We also provide a detailed exploration of how the human microbiome and epigenome (primarily through DNA methylation) may be important elements in the developmental origins of IBD in both children and adults.
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341
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Roos L, van Dongen J, Bell CG, Burri A, Deloukas P, Boomsma DI, Spector TD, Bell JT. Integrative DNA methylome analysis of pan-cancer biomarkers in cancer discordant monozygotic twin-pairs. Clin Epigenetics 2016; 8:7. [PMID: 26798410 PMCID: PMC4721070 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-016-0172-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A key focus in cancer research is the discovery of biomarkers that accurately diagnose early lesions in non-invasive tissues. Several studies have identified malignancy-associated DNA methylation changes in blood, yet no general cancer biomarker has been identified to date. Here, we explore the potential of blood DNA methylation as a biomarker of pan-cancer (cancer of multiple different origins) in 41 female cancer discordant monozygotic (MZ) twin-pairs sampled before or after diagnosis using the Illumina HumanMethylation450 BeadChip. Results We analysed epigenome-wide DNA methylation profiles in 41 cancer discordant MZ twin-pairs with affected individuals diagnosed with tumours at different single primary sites: the breast, cervix, colon, endometrium, thyroid gland, skin (melanoma), ovary, and pancreas. No significant global differences in whole blood DNA methylation profiles were observed. Epigenome-wide analyses identified one novel pan-cancer differentially methylated position at false discovery rate (FDR) threshold of 10 % (cg02444695, P = 1.8 × 10−7) in an intergenic region 70 kb upstream of the SASH1 tumour suppressor gene, and three suggestive signals in COL11A2, AXL, and LINC00340. Replication of the four top-ranked signals in an independent sample of nine cancer-discordant MZ twin-pairs showed a similar direction of association at COL11A2, AXL, and LINC00340, and significantly greater methylation discordance at AXL compared to 480 healthy concordant MZ twin-pairs. The effects at cg02444695 (near SASH1), COL11A2, and LINC00340 were the most promising in biomarker potential because the DNA methylation differences were found to pre-exist in samples obtained prior to diagnosis and were limited to a 5-year period before diagnosis. Gene expression follow-up at the top-ranked signals in 283 healthy individuals showed correlation between blood methylation and gene expression in lymphoblastoid cell lines at PRL, and in the skin tissue at AXL. A significant enrichment of differential DNA methylation was observed in enhancer regions (P = 0.03). Conclusions We identified DNA methylation signatures in blood associated with pan-cancer, at or near SASH1, COL11A2, AXL, and LINC00340. Three of these signals were present up to 5 years prior to cancer diagnosis, highlighting the potential clinical utility of whole blood DNA methylation analysis in cancer surveillance. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13148-016-0172-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie Roos
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jenny van Dongen
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christopher G Bell
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK ; MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK ; Human Development and Health Academic Unit, Institute of Developmental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK ; Epigenomic Medicine, Centre for Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Natural Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Andrea Burri
- Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Panos Deloukas
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Dorret I Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tim D Spector
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jordana T Bell
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
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342
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Current and Emerging Technologies for the Analysis of the Genome-Wide and Locus-Specific DNA Methylation Patterns. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 945:343-430. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-43624-1_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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343
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344
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Demura M, Saijoh K. The Role of DNA Methylation in Hypertension. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 956:583-598. [PMID: 27888489 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2016_80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
DNA methylation is the covalent modification of DNA that affects its function, without altering DNA sequences. Three important roles of DNA methylation include intrauterine programming, acquired predisposition, and transgenerational inheritance. A wide variety of factors can affect DNA methylation. Intrauterine programming involves drastic changes in DNA methylation patterns during cellular development and differentiation, which have a long-lasting effect on the predisposition of offspring. Influences from the mother, including maternal nutritional status, modify intrauterine epigenetic programming. In contrast to the rapid and drastic changes in utero, postnatal factors in daily life can also continue to slowly and dynamically change DNA methylation patterns in both somatic and germ cells. Epigenetic changes occurring in germ cell DNA exert a transgenerational impact on the phenotype of future generations, thus providing a means for ancestral transmission of environmental experiences. Despite adaptive ability, mismatch effect of transgenerational inheritance could be potentially harmful to health if environment has changed, and the acquired acclimatization is no longer beneficial. Increasing evidence from both human and animal studies indicates that DNA methylation exerts a causal impact on the development of hypertension. Therefore, an adverse outcome of maternal malnutrition could be the development of hypertension in offspring, whereby nutritional factors or disease conditions could induce phenotypes susceptible to hypertension through alteration of DNA methylation patterns. These factors are likely to alter DNA methylation patterns in all tissues including germ cells, and despite no direct evidence of an association between transgenerational epigenetic inheritance and hypertension, it is likely to play a role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Demura
- Department of Hygiene, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan.
| | - Kiyofumi Saijoh
- Department of Hygiene, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-8640, Japan
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345
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Klengel T, Dias BG, Ressler KJ. Models of Intergenerational and Transgenerational Transmission of Risk for Psychopathology in Mice. Neuropsychopharmacology 2016; 41:219-31. [PMID: 26283147 PMCID: PMC4677139 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2015.249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Revised: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Trajectories toward risk or resilience in psychiatric disorders are influenced by acquired and inherited factors. More recently, evidence from rodent studies suggest that acquired risk factors can be transmitted through non-genomic, epigenetic mechanisms to subsequent generations, potentially contributing to a cycle of disease and disease risk. Here, we review examples of transmission of environmental factors across generations and illustrate the difference between behavioral transmission and epigenetic inheritance. We highlight essential definitions of intergenerational and transgenerational transmission of disease risk with corresponding examples. We then explore how these phenomena may influence our understanding of psychiatric disorders leading toward new prevention and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torsten Klengel
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Brian G Dias
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kerry J Ressler
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, McLean Hospital, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA 02478, USA, Tel: +1 404 727 7739, Fax: +1 404 727 8070, E-mail:
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346
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Mileva-Seitz VR, Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ, van IJzendoorn MH. Genetic mechanisms of parenting. Horm Behav 2016; 77:211-23. [PMID: 26112881 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2015.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This article is part of a Special Issue "Parental Care". The complexities of parenting behavior in humans have been studied for decades. Only recently did we begin to probe the genetic and epigenetic mechanisms underlying these complexities. Much of the research in this field continues to be informed by animal studies, where genetic manipulations and invasive tools allow to peek into and directly observe the brain during the expression of maternal behavior. In humans, studies of adult twins who are parents can suggest dimensions of parenting that might be more amenable to a genetic influence. Candidate gene studies can test specific genes in association with parental behavior based on prior knowledge of those genes' function. Gene-by-environment interactions of a specific kind indicating differential susceptibility to the environment might explain why some parents are more resilient and others are more vulnerable to stressful life events. Epigenetic studies can provide the bridge often necessary to explain why some individuals behave differently from others despite common genetic influences. There is a much-needed expansion in parenting research to include not only mothers as the focus-as has been the case almost exclusively to date-but also fathers, grandparents, and other caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viara R Mileva-Seitz
- Center for Child and Family Studies, Leiden University, PO Box 9555, 2300 RB Leiden, The Netherlands; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Center, PO Box 2060, 3000 CB Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | | | - Marinus H van IJzendoorn
- Center for Child and Family Studies, Leiden University, PO Box 9555, 2300 RB Leiden, The Netherlands; School of Pedagogical and Educational Sciences, Erasmus University Rotterdam, PO Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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347
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Wang N, Wang X, Han B, Li Q, Chen Y, Zhu C, Chen Y, Xia F, Cang Z, Zhu C, Lu M, Meng Y, Chen C, Lin D, Wang B, Jensen MD, Lu Y. Is Exposure to Famine in Childhood and Economic Development in Adulthood Associated With Diabetes? J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2015; 100:4514-23. [PMID: 26509871 PMCID: PMC4667167 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2015-2750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The Chinese were afflicted by great famine between 1959 and 1962. These people then experienced rapid economic development during which the gross domestic product per capita increased from $28 in 1978 to $6807 in 2013. We hypothesize that these two events are associated with the booming rate of diabetes in China. OBJECTIVE We aimed to explore whether exposure to famine in early life and high economic status in adulthood was associated with diabetes in later life. DESIGN AND SETTING Our data of 6897 adults were from a cross-sectional Survey on Prevalence in East China for Metabolic Diseases and Risk Factors study in 2014. Among them, 3844 adults experienced famine during different life stages and then lived in areas with different economic statuses in adulthood. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Diabetes was considered as fasting plasma glucose of 7.0 mmol/L or greater, hemoglobin A1c of 6.5% or greater, and/or a previous diagnosis by health care professionals. RESULTS Compared with nonexposed subjects, famine exposure during the fetal period (odds ratio [OR]1.53, 95% confidence interval [CI]1.09-2.14) and childhood (OR 1.82, 95% CI 1.21-2.73) was associated with diabetes after adjusting for age and gender. Further adjustments for adiposity, height, the lipid profile, and blood pressure did not significantly attenuate this association. Subjects living in areas with high economic status had a greater diabetes risk in adulthood (OR 1.46, 95% CI 1.20-1.78). In gender-specific analyses, fetal-exposed men (OR 1.64, 95% CI, 1.04-2.59) and childhood-exposed women (OR 2.81, 95% CI, 1.59-4.97) had significantly greater risk of diabetes. CONCLUSIONS The rapid increase in the prevalence of diabetes in middle-aged and elderly people in China is associated with the combination of exposure to famine during the fetal stage and childhood and high economic status in adulthood. Our findings may partly explain the booming diabetes phenomenon in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningjian Wang
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (N.W., B.H., Q.L., Yi.C., C.Z., Yin.C., F.X., M.L., Y.M., C.C., D.L., Y.L.), Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China; Department of Biostatistics (X.W., B.W.), Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; and Endocrine Research Unit (M.D.J.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Xiaojin Wang
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (N.W., B.H., Q.L., Yi.C., C.Z., Yin.C., F.X., M.L., Y.M., C.C., D.L., Y.L.), Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China; Department of Biostatistics (X.W., B.W.), Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; and Endocrine Research Unit (M.D.J.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Bing Han
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (N.W., B.H., Q.L., Yi.C., C.Z., Yin.C., F.X., M.L., Y.M., C.C., D.L., Y.L.), Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China; Department of Biostatistics (X.W., B.W.), Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; and Endocrine Research Unit (M.D.J.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Qin Li
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (N.W., B.H., Q.L., Yi.C., C.Z., Yin.C., F.X., M.L., Y.M., C.C., D.L., Y.L.), Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China; Department of Biostatistics (X.W., B.W.), Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; and Endocrine Research Unit (M.D.J.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Yi Chen
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (N.W., B.H., Q.L., Yi.C., C.Z., Yin.C., F.X., M.L., Y.M., C.C., D.L., Y.L.), Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China; Department of Biostatistics (X.W., B.W.), Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; and Endocrine Research Unit (M.D.J.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Chunfang Zhu
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (N.W., B.H., Q.L., Yi.C., C.Z., Yin.C., F.X., M.L., Y.M., C.C., D.L., Y.L.), Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China; Department of Biostatistics (X.W., B.W.), Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; and Endocrine Research Unit (M.D.J.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Yingchao Chen
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (N.W., B.H., Q.L., Yi.C., C.Z., Yin.C., F.X., M.L., Y.M., C.C., D.L., Y.L.), Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China; Department of Biostatistics (X.W., B.W.), Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; and Endocrine Research Unit (M.D.J.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Fangzhen Xia
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (N.W., B.H., Q.L., Yi.C., C.Z., Yin.C., F.X., M.L., Y.M., C.C., D.L., Y.L.), Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China; Department of Biostatistics (X.W., B.W.), Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; and Endocrine Research Unit (M.D.J.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Zhen Cang
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (N.W., B.H., Q.L., Yi.C., C.Z., Yin.C., F.X., M.L., Y.M., C.C., D.L., Y.L.), Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China; Department of Biostatistics (X.W., B.W.), Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; and Endocrine Research Unit (M.D.J.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Chaoxia Zhu
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (N.W., B.H., Q.L., Yi.C., C.Z., Yin.C., F.X., M.L., Y.M., C.C., D.L., Y.L.), Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China; Department of Biostatistics (X.W., B.W.), Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; and Endocrine Research Unit (M.D.J.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Meng Lu
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (N.W., B.H., Q.L., Yi.C., C.Z., Yin.C., F.X., M.L., Y.M., C.C., D.L., Y.L.), Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China; Department of Biostatistics (X.W., B.W.), Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; and Endocrine Research Unit (M.D.J.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Ying Meng
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (N.W., B.H., Q.L., Yi.C., C.Z., Yin.C., F.X., M.L., Y.M., C.C., D.L., Y.L.), Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China; Department of Biostatistics (X.W., B.W.), Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; and Endocrine Research Unit (M.D.J.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Chi Chen
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (N.W., B.H., Q.L., Yi.C., C.Z., Yin.C., F.X., M.L., Y.M., C.C., D.L., Y.L.), Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China; Department of Biostatistics (X.W., B.W.), Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; and Endocrine Research Unit (M.D.J.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Dongping Lin
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (N.W., B.H., Q.L., Yi.C., C.Z., Yin.C., F.X., M.L., Y.M., C.C., D.L., Y.L.), Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China; Department of Biostatistics (X.W., B.W.), Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; and Endocrine Research Unit (M.D.J.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Bingshun Wang
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (N.W., B.H., Q.L., Yi.C., C.Z., Yin.C., F.X., M.L., Y.M., C.C., D.L., Y.L.), Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China; Department of Biostatistics (X.W., B.W.), Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; and Endocrine Research Unit (M.D.J.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Michael D Jensen
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (N.W., B.H., Q.L., Yi.C., C.Z., Yin.C., F.X., M.L., Y.M., C.C., D.L., Y.L.), Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China; Department of Biostatistics (X.W., B.W.), Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; and Endocrine Research Unit (M.D.J.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
| | - Yingli Lu
- Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (N.W., B.H., Q.L., Yi.C., C.Z., Yin.C., F.X., M.L., Y.M., C.C., D.L., Y.L.), Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China; Department of Biostatistics (X.W., B.W.), Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; and Endocrine Research Unit (M.D.J.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905
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348
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Pinborg A, Loft A, Romundstad LB, Wennerholm UB, Söderström-Anttila V, Bergh C, Aittomäki K. Epigenetics and assisted reproductive technologies. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2015; 95:10-5. [PMID: 26458360 DOI: 10.1111/aogs.12799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Epigenetic modification controls gene activity without changes in the DNA sequence. The genome undergoes several phases of epigenetic programming during gametogenesis and early embryo development, coinciding with assisted reproductive technologies (ART) treatments. Imprinting disorders have been associated with ART techniques, but disentangling the influence of the ART procedures per se from the effect of the reproductive disease of the parents is a challenge. Epidemiological human studies have shown altered birthweight profiles in ART compared with spontaneously conceived singletons. Conception with cryopreserved/thawed embryos results in a higher risk of large-for-gestational-age babies, which may be due to epigenetic modification. Further animal studies have shown altered gene expression profiles in offspring conceived by ART related to altered glucose metabolism. It is controversial whether human adolescents conceived by ART have altered lipid and glucose profiles and thereby a higher long-term risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes. This commentary describes the basic concepts of epigenetics and gives a short overview of the existing literature on the association between imprinting disorders, epigenetic modification and ART.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Pinborg
- Fertility Clinic, Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology, Hvidovre Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Anne Loft
- Fertility Clinic, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Liv B Romundstad
- Department of Public Health and General Practice, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway.,Spiren Fertility Clinic, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ulla-Britt Wennerholm
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute for Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Christina Bergh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute for Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kristiina Aittomäki
- Department of Medical Genetics, Helsinki University Central Hospital (HUCH), Helsinki, Finland
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349
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Stuppia L, Franzago M, Ballerini P, Gatta V, Antonucci I. Epigenetics and male reproduction: the consequences of paternal lifestyle on fertility, embryo development, and children lifetime health. Clin Epigenetics 2015; 7:120. [PMID: 26566402 PMCID: PMC4642754 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-015-0155-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The correlation between epigenetics and human reproduction represents a very interesting field of study, mainly due to the possible transgenerational effects related to epigenetic modifications of male and female gametes. In the present review, we focused our attention to the role played by epigenetics on male reproduction, evidencing at least four different levels at which sperm epigenetic modifications could affect reproduction: (1) spermatogenesis failure; (2) embryo development; (3) outcome of assisted reproduction technique (ART) protocols, mainly as concerning genomic imprinting; and (4) long-term effects during the offspring lifetime. The environmental agents responsible for epigenetic modifications are also examined, suggesting that the control of paternal lifestyle prior to conception could represent in the next future a novel hot topic in the management of human reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liborio Stuppia
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio University" Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66013 Chieti, Italy ; Ce.S.I.-MeT, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66013 Chieti, Italy
| | - Marica Franzago
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio University" Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66013 Chieti, Italy
| | - Patrizia Ballerini
- Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio University" Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66013 Chieti, Italy
| | - Valentina Gatta
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio University" Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66013 Chieti, Italy ; Ce.S.I.-MeT, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66013 Chieti, Italy
| | - Ivana Antonucci
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Department of Psychological, Health and Territorial Sciences, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio University" Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66013 Chieti, Italy ; Ce.S.I.-MeT, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66013 Chieti, Italy
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350
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Review: can diet influence the selective advantage of mitochondrial DNA haplotypes? Biosci Rep 2015; 35:BSR20150232. [PMID: 26543031 PMCID: PMC4708006 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20150232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This review explores the potential for changes in dietary macronutrients to differentially influence mitochondrial bioenergetics and thereby the frequency of mtDNA haplotypes in natural populations. Such dietary modification may be seasonal or result from biogeographic or demographic shifts. Mechanistically, mtDNA haplotypes may influence the activity of the electron transport system (ETS), retrograde signalling to the nuclear genome and affect epigenetic modifications. Thus, differential provisioning by macronutrients may lead to selection through changes in the levels of ATP production, modulation of metabolites (including AMP, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the NAD+/NADH ratio) and potentially complex epigenetic effects. The exquisite complexity of dietary influence on haplotype frequency is further illustrated by the fact that macronutrients may differentially influence the selective advantage of specific mutations in different life-history stages. In Drosophila, complex I mutations may affect larval growth because dietary nutrients are fed through this complex in immaturity. In contrast, the majority of electrons are provided to complex III in adult flies. We conclude the review with a case study that considers specific interactions between diet and complex I of the ETS. Complex I is the first enzyme of the mitochondrial ETS and co-ordinates in the oxidation of NADH and transfer of electrons to ubiquinone. Although the supposition that mtDNA variants may be selected upon by dietary macronutrients could be intuitively consistent to some and counter intuitive to others, it must face a multitude of scientific hurdles before it can be recognized.
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