301
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The cellular mechanism for water detection in the mammalian taste system. Nat Neurosci 2017; 20:927-933. [DOI: 10.1038/nn.4575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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302
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Melis M, Tomassini Barbarossa I. Taste Perception of Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, and Umami and Changes Due to l-Arginine Supplementation, as a Function of Genetic Ability to Taste 6-n-Propylthiouracil. Nutrients 2017; 9:E541. [PMID: 28587069 PMCID: PMC5490520 DOI: 10.3390/nu9060541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Behavioral reaction to different taste qualities affects nutritional status and health. 6-n-Propylthiouracil (PROP) tasting has been reported to be a marker of variation in taste perception, food preferences, and eating behavior, but results have been inconsistent. We showed that l-Arg can enhance the bitterness intensity of PROP, whilst others have demonstrated a suppression of the bitterness of quinine. Here, we analyze the taste perception of sweet, sour, salty, bitter, and umami and the modifications caused by l-Arg supplementation, as a function of PROP-taster status. Taste perception was assessed by testing the ability to recognize, and the responsiveness to, representative solutions of the five primary taste qualities, also when supplemented with l-Arg, in subjects classified as PROP-tasting. Super-tasters, who showed high papilla density, gave higher ratings to sucrose, citric acid, caffeine, and monosodium l-glutamate than non-tasters. l-Arg supplementation mainly modified sucrose perception, enhanced the umami taste, increased NaCl saltiness and caffeine bitterness only in tasters, and decreased citric acid sourness. Our findings confirm the role of PROP phenotype in the taste perception of sweet, sour, and bitter and show its role in umami. The results suggest that l-Arg could be used as a strategic tool to specifically modify taste responses related to eating behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melania Melis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Cagliari 09042, Italy.
| | - Iole Tomassini Barbarossa
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, Cagliari 09042, Italy.
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303
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Riedel K, Sombroek D, Fiedler B, Siems K, Krohn M. Human cell-based taste perception - a bittersweet job for industry. Nat Prod Rep 2017; 34:484-495. [PMID: 28393162 DOI: 10.1039/c6np00123h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Covering: 2000 to 2016On the molecular level humans sense food by a variety of specialized tissues which express sensory receptors to handle nutritive value. In general, this means the interplay of gustatory, olfactory, trigeminal and haptic sensation is translated into perception and leads, in terms of taste, to descriptions like sweet, bitter, salty, sour and umami. Further perceptions include astringent, cool, hot, prickle, lingering, kokumi and fatty to name predominant characterizations. It is still not fully understood how this plethora of impressions can be perceived by quite a limited number of receptors obviously being the initial compilers to judge palatability. However, since the discovery of mammalian taste receptors (TASRs) almost 30 years ago the use of taste receptors in cell-based screening campaigns is advancing in industrial approaches. The article will highlight the impacts and the limits of cell-based guided identification of taste modulators for food applications with an emphasis on sweet, bitter and savory taste as well as implications emerging from natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Riedel
- BRAIN AG, Darmstädter Str. 34-36, 64673 Zwingenberg, Germany.
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304
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Prochazkova M, Häkkinen TJ, Prochazka J, Spoutil F, Jheon AH, Ahn Y, Krumlauf R, Jernvall J, Klein OD. FGF signaling refines Wnt gradients to regulate the patterning of taste papillae. Development 2017; 144:2212-2221. [PMID: 28506989 DOI: 10.1242/dev.148080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The patterning of repeated structures is a major theme in developmental biology, and the inter-relationship between spacing and size of such structures is an unresolved issue. Fungiform papillae are repeated epithelial structures that house taste buds on the anterior tongue. Here, we report that FGF signaling is a crucial regulator of fungiform papillae development. We found that mesenchymal FGF10 controls the size of the papillary area, while overall patterning remains unchanged. Our results show that FGF signaling negatively affects the extent of canonical Wnt signaling, which is the main activation pathway during fungiform papillae development; however, this effect does not occur at the level of gene transcription. Rather, our experimental data, together with computational modeling, indicate that FGF10 modulates the range of Wnt effects, likely via induction of Sostdc1 expression. We suggest that modification of the reach of Wnt signaling could be due to local changes in morphogen diffusion, representing a novel mechanism in this tissue context, and we propose that this phenomenon might be involved in a broader array of mammalian developmental processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Prochazkova
- Department of Orofacial Sciences and Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Institute of Molecular Genetics of the CAS, v. v. i., Czech Centre for Phenogenomics and Laboratory of Transgenic Models of Diseases, Division BIOCEV, Prumyslova 595, Vestec 252 42, Czech Republic
| | - Teemu J Häkkinen
- Developmental Biology Program, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, PO Box 56, Helsinki FIN-00014, Finland
| | - Jan Prochazka
- Department of Orofacial Sciences and Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.,Institute of Molecular Genetics of the CAS, v. v. i., Czech Centre for Phenogenomics and Laboratory of Transgenic Models of Diseases, Division BIOCEV, Prumyslova 595, Vestec 252 42, Czech Republic
| | - Frantisek Spoutil
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of the CAS, v. v. i., Czech Centre for Phenogenomics and Laboratory of Transgenic Models of Diseases, Division BIOCEV, Prumyslova 595, Vestec 252 42, Czech Republic
| | - Andrew H Jheon
- Department of Orofacial Sciences and Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Youngwook Ahn
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
| | - Robb Krumlauf
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Jukka Jernvall
- Developmental Biology Program, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, PO Box 56, Helsinki FIN-00014, Finland
| | - Ophir D Klein
- Department of Orofacial Sciences and Program in Craniofacial Biology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA .,Department of Pediatrics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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305
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Murtaza B, Hichami A, Khan AS, Ghiringhelli F, Khan NA. Alteration in Taste Perception in Cancer: Causes and Strategies of Treatment. Front Physiol 2017; 8:134. [PMID: 28337150 PMCID: PMC5340755 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The sense of taste is responsible for the detection and ingestion of food to cover energetic requirements in health and disease. The change in taste perception might lead to malnutrition that is usually one of the frequent causes of morbidity and mortality in patients with cancer. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms of taste perception and how they are altered in cancer. We also address the question of the implication of inflammation, responsible for the alterations in taste modalities. We highlight the role of radio- and chemotherapy in the modulation of taste physiology. Other several factors like damage to taste progenitor cells and disruption of gut microbiota are also dealt with relation to taste perception in cancer. We further shed light on how to restore taste acuity, by using different preventive methods, dietary modifications and pharmacotherapy in subjects with advanced cancer state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babar Murtaza
- Physiologie de la Nutrition and Toxicologie, UMR U866 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale/Université de Bourgogne-Franche Compté/Agro-Sup Dijon, France
| | - Aziz Hichami
- UMR U866 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale/Université de Bourgogne-Franche Compté, Chimiothérapie et Réponse Anti-tumorale Dijon, France
| | - Amira S Khan
- Département de Biochimie, Biologie Cellulaire & Moléculaire, Université de Constantine 1 Constantine, Alegria
| | - François Ghiringhelli
- UMR U866 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale/Université de Bourgogne-Franche Compté, Chimiothérapie et Réponse Anti-tumorale Dijon, France
| | - Naim A Khan
- Physiologie de la Nutrition and Toxicologie, UMR U866 Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale/Université de Bourgogne-Franche Compté/Agro-Sup Dijon, France
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306
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307
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Chéruel F, Jarlier M, Sancho-Garnier H. Effect of cigarette smoke on gustatory sensitivity, evaluation of the deficit and of the recovery time-course after smoking cessation. Tob Induc Dis 2017; 15:15. [PMID: 28261024 PMCID: PMC5329949 DOI: 10.1186/s12971-017-0120-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Study results have shown that chronic exposure to cigarette smoke affects the taste function in humans. However, neither the quantitative impact on taste sensitivity nor the time-course of taste recovery on stopping smoking have been precisely examined. METHODS The experimental design included 2 phases, (i) a case-control phase comparing the taste sensitivity level measured by Electrogustometric (EGM) thresholds from various parts of the tongue (locus) between smokers (n = 83) and non-smokers (n = 48), (ii) a follow-up study looking at the taste sensitivity recovery in smokers after smoking cessation (n = 24) and compared with non-smokers. RESULTS Smokers exhibited significantly lower taste sensitivity than non-smokers - the higher the nicotine dependence (Fagerström scores), the lower the taste sensitivity. After smoking cessation, EGM thresholds decreased progressively, and reached the taste sensitivity range of non-smokers depending on locus and time. After 2 weeks a recovery could be observed on the 3 Tip and the 2 edge loci; the recovery in the posterior loci was complete after 9 weeks, and in the dorsal loci recovery was observed only after 2 months or more. CONCLUSIONS Smoking cessation does lead to a rapid recovery of taste sensitivity among smokers, with recovery time found to differ based on the sensitivity of loci of the tongue. The use of EGM could potentially be explored as a motivational tool for smoking cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrice Chéruel
- Fondation JDB Prévention Cancer, Espace Prévention Santé Antéïa, 2/4 rue du Mont Louvet, 91640 Fontenay Lès Briis, France
- Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay Cedex, 91405 France
| | - Marta Jarlier
- Biometrics Unit, ICM - Montpellier Cancer Institute, Montpellier, France
| | - Hélène Sancho-Garnier
- Fondation JDB Prévention Cancer, Espace Prévention Santé Antéïa, 2/4 rue du Mont Louvet, 91640 Fontenay Lès Briis, France
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308
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Benford H, Bolborea M, Pollatzek E, Lossow K, Hermans-Borgmeyer I, Liu B, Meyerhof W, Kasparov S, Dale N. A sweet taste receptor-dependent mechanism of glucosensing in hypothalamic tanycytes. Glia 2017; 65:773-789. [PMID: 28205335 PMCID: PMC5363357 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Hypothalamic tanycytes are glial‐like glucosensitive cells that contact the cerebrospinal fluid of the third ventricle, and send processes into the hypothalamic nuclei that control food intake and body weight. The mechanism of tanycyte glucosensing remains undetermined. While tanycytes express the components associated with the glucosensing of the pancreatic β cell, they respond to nonmetabolisable glucose analogues via an ATP receptor‐dependent mechanism. Here, we show that tanycytes in rodents respond to non‐nutritive sweeteners known to be ligands of the sweet taste (Tas1r2/Tas1r3) receptor. The initial sweet tastant‐evoked response, which requires the presence of extracellular Ca2+, leads to release of ATP and a larger propagating Ca2+ response mediated by P2Y1 receptors. In Tas1r2 null mice the proportion of glucose nonresponsive tanycytes was greatly increased in these mice, but a subset of tanycytes retained an undiminished sensitivity to glucose. Our data demonstrate that the sweet taste receptor mediates glucosensing in about 60% of glucosensitive tanycytes while the remaining 40% of glucosensitive tanycytes use some other, as yet unknown mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather Benford
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Matei Bolborea
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Eric Pollatzek
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Kristina Lossow
- Department of Molecular Genetics, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, Nuthetal, 14558, Germany
| | - Irm Hermans-Borgmeyer
- Transgenic Animal Unit, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, Hamburg, 20246, Germany
| | - Beihui Liu
- School of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Wolfgang Meyerhof
- Department of Molecular Genetics, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, Nuthetal, 14558, Germany
| | - Sergey Kasparov
- School of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas Dale
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
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309
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Abstract
The tongue is an elaborate complex of heterogeneous tissues with taste organs of diverse embryonic origins. The lingual taste organs are papillae, composed of an epithelium that includes specialized taste buds, the basal lamina, and a lamina propria core with matrix molecules, fibroblasts, nerves, and vessels. Because taste organs are dynamic in cell biology and sensory function, homeostasis requires tight regulation in specific compartments or niches. Recently, the Hedgehog (Hh) pathway has emerged as an essential regulator that maintains lingual taste papillae, taste bud and progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation, and neurophysiological function. Activating or suppressing Hh signaling, with genetic models or pharmacological agents used in cancer treatments, disrupts taste papilla and taste bud integrity and can eliminate responses from taste nerves to chemical stimuli but not to touch or temperature. Understanding Hh regulation of taste organ homeostasis contributes knowledge about the basic biology underlying taste disruptions in patients treated with Hh pathway inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte M Mistretta
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109;
| | - Archana Kumari
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109;
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310
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Sollai G, Melis M, Pani D, Cosseddu P, Usai I, Crnjar R, Bonfiglio A, Tomassini Barbarossa I. First objective evaluation of taste sensitivity to 6-n-propylthiouracil (PROP), a paradigm gustatory stimulus in humans. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40353. [PMID: 28074885 PMCID: PMC5225483 DOI: 10.1038/srep40353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Practical and reliable methods for the objective measure of taste function are critically important for studying eating behavior and taste function impairment. Here, we present direct measures of human gustatory response to a prototypical bitter compound, 6-n-propyltiouracil (PROP), obtained by electrophysiological recordings from the tongue of subjects who were classified for taster status and genotyped for the specific receptor gene (TAS2R38), and in which taste papilla density was determined. PROP stimulation evoked negative slow potentials that represent the summated depolarization of taste cells. Depolarization amplitude and rate were correlated with papilla density and perceived bitterness, and associated with taster status and TAS2R38. Our study provides a robust and generalizable research tool for the quantitative measure of peripheral taste function, which can greatly help to resolve controversial outcomes on the PROP phenotype role in taste perception and food preferences, and be potentially useful for evaluating nutritional status and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Sollai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, CA, I 09042, Italy
| | - Melania Melis
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, CA, I 09042, Italy
| | - Danilo Pani
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Cagliari, Piazza d’Armi, Cagliari, CA, I 09123, Italy
| | - Piero Cosseddu
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Cagliari, Piazza d’Armi, Cagliari, CA, I 09123, Italy
| | - Ilenia Usai
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Cagliari, Piazza d’Armi, Cagliari, CA, I 09123, Italy
| | - Roberto Crnjar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, CA, I 09042, Italy
| | - Annalisa Bonfiglio
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Cagliari, Piazza d’Armi, Cagliari, CA, I 09123, Italy
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311
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Lu P, Zhang CH, Lifshitz LM, ZhuGe R. Extraoral bitter taste receptors in health and disease. J Gen Physiol 2017; 149:181-197. [PMID: 28053191 PMCID: PMC5299619 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.201611637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bitter taste receptors (TAS2Rs or T2Rs) belong to the superfamily of seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors, which are the targets of >50% of drugs currently on the market. Canonically, T2Rs are located in taste buds of the tongue, where they initiate bitter taste perception. However, accumulating evidence indicates that T2Rs are widely expressed throughout the body and mediate diverse nontasting roles through various specialized mechanisms. It has also become apparent that T2Rs and their polymorphisms are associated with human disorders. In this review, we summarize the physiological and pathophysiological roles that extraoral T2Rs play in processes as diverse as innate immunity and reproduction, and the major challenges in this emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Lu
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605
| | - Cheng-Hai Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605
| | - Lawrence M Lifshitz
- Biomedical Imaging Group, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605.,Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605
| | - Ronghua ZhuGe
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605 .,Biomedical Imaging Group, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605
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312
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Smith DG, Topolnicki IL, Zwicker VE, Jolliffe KA, New EJ. Fluorescent sensing arrays for cations and anions. Analyst 2017; 142:3549-3563. [DOI: 10.1039/c7an01200d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A review of fluorescent sensing arrays for anions and cations, highlighting promising strategies and directions for future research.
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313
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Kapaun CL, Dando R. Deconvoluting physical and chemical heat: Temperature and spiciness influence flavor differently. Physiol Behav 2016; 170:54-61. [PMID: 27988249 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Flavor is an essential, rich and rewarding part of human life. We refer to both physical and chemical heat in similar terms; elevated temperature and capsaicin are both termed hot. Both influence our perception of flavor, however little research exists into the possibly divergent effect of chemical and physical heat on flavor. A human sensory panel was recruited to determine the equivalent level of capsaicin to match the heat of several physical temperatures. In a subsequent session, the intensities of multiple concentrations of tastant solutions were scaled by the same panel. Finally, panelists evaluated tastants plus equivalent chemical or physical "heat". All basic tastes aside from umami were influenced by heat, capsaicin, or both. Interestingly, capsaicin blocked bitter taste input much more powerfully than elevated temperature. This suggests that despite converging percepts, chemical and physical heat have a fundamentally different effect on the perception of flavor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille L Kapaun
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Robin Dando
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA.
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314
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Gaillard D, Stratford JM. Measurement of Behavioral Taste Responses in Mice: Two-Bottle Preference, Lickometer, and Conditioned Taste-Aversion Tests. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 6:380-407. [PMID: 27906463 DOI: 10.1002/cpmo.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The natural like and dislike of foods based on taste is one of the most easily observed behaviors in animals. Animals eat palatable foods and reject aversive foods, which makes measurement of taste perception possible using various behavioral techniques. Three different methods to accurately measure taste behavior are described here. First, two-bottle preference tests evaluate whether a taste compound (tastant) is preferred over water. Second, lickometer tests quantify the like and dislike for multiple concentrations of the same tastant or multiple tastants at the same time. Finally, conditioned taste aversion tests accurately determine the perceived taste threshold for palatable tastants. Together, these diverse methods enable researchers to observe and measure behavioral taste responses in mice to any tastant. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dany Gaillard
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology and the Rocky Mountain Taste and Smell Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Jennifer M Stratford
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology and the Rocky Mountain Taste and Smell Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
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315
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Cornelis MC, Tordoff MG, El-Sohemy A, van Dam RM. Recalled taste intensity, liking and habitual intake of commonly consumed foods. Appetite 2016; 109:182-189. [PMID: 27915079 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2016.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Taste intensity and quality affect the liking of foods, and determine food choice and consumption. We aimed to 1) classify commonly consumed foods based on recalled taste intensity for bitter, sweet, salty, sour, and fatty taste, and 2) examine the associations among recalled taste intensity, liking, and habitual consumption of foods. In Stage 1, 62 Canadian adults recalled the taste intensity of 120 common foods. Their responses were used to identify sets of 20-25 foods classified as strongly bitter, sweet, salty, sour or fatty-tasting. In Stage 2, 287 U.S. adults validated these selections, and let us reduce them to sets of 11-13 foods. Ratings of recalled taste intensity were consistent across age, sex and overweight status, with the exceptions that sweet, bitter and fatty-tasting foods were rated as more intense by women than by men. The recalled intensity ratings of the most bitter, salty and fatty foods (but not sour or sweet foods) were inversely correlated with liking and intake. The negative correlation between fatty taste intensity and fatty food liking was stronger among normal weight than among overweight participants. Our results suggest that the recalled taste intensity of foods is associated with food liking and habitual consumption, but the strength of these relationships varies by taste. The food lists based on taste intensity ratings provide a resource to efficiently calculate indices of exposure to the different tastes in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilyn C Cornelis
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | | | - Ahmed El-Sohemy
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rob M van Dam
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health and Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
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316
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Gao S, Liu S, Yao J, Zhou T, Li N, Li Q, Dunham R, Liu Z. Taste receptors and gustatory associated G proteins in channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2016; 21:1-9. [PMID: 27806254 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Taste sensation plays a pivotal role in nutrient identification and acquisition. This is particularly true for channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) that live in turbid waters with limited visibility. This biological process is mainly mediated by taste receptors expressed in taste buds that are distributed in several organs and tissues, including the barbels and skin. In the present study, we identified a complete repertoire of taste receptor and gustatory associated G protein genes in the channel catfish genome. A total of eight taste receptor genes were identified, including five type I and three type II taste receptor genes. Their genomic locations, phylogenetic relations, orthologies and expression were determined. Phylogenetic and collinear analyses provided understanding of the evolution dynamics of this gene family. Furthermore, the motif and dN/dS analyses indicated that selection pressures of different degrees were imposed on these receptors. Additionally, four genes of gustatory associated G proteins were also identified. It was indicated that expression patterns of catfish taste receptors and gustatory associated G proteins across organs mirror the distribution of taste buds across organs. Finally, the expression comparison between catfish and zebrafish organs provided evidence of potential roles of catfish skin and gill involved in taste sensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Gao
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Shikai Liu
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Jun Yao
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Tao Zhou
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Ning Li
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Qi Li
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture of the Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Rex Dunham
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Zhanjiang Liu
- The Fish Molecular Genetics and Biotechnology Laboratory, Aquatic Genomics Unit, School of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
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317
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Taruno A, Kashio M, Sun H, Kobayashi K, Sano H, Nambu A, Marunaka Y. Adeno-Associated Virus-Mediated Gene Transfer into Taste Cells In Vivo. Chem Senses 2016; 42:69-78. [PMID: 27940927 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjw101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The sense of taste is achieved by cooperation of many signaling molecules expressed in taste cells, which code and transmit information on quality and intensity of taste to the nervous system. Viral vector-mediated gene transfer techniques have been proven to be useful to study and control function of a gene product in vivo However, there is no transduction method for taste cells in live animals. Here, we have established a method for inducing foreign gene expression in mouse taste cells in vivo by recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector. First, using enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) as a reporter, we screened 6 AAV serotypes along with a recombinant lentivirus vector for their ability to transduce taste cells. One week after viral injection into the submucosa of the tongue, EGFP expression in fungiform taste cells was observed only in animals injected with AAV-DJ, a synthetic serotype. Next, time course of AAV-DJ-mediated EGFP expression in fungiform taste cells was evaluated. Intragemmal EGFP signals appeared after a delay, rapidly increased until 7 days postinjection, and gradually decreased over the next few weeks probably because of the cell turnover. Finally, the taste cell types susceptible to AAV-DJ transduction were characterized. EGFP expression was observed in PLCβ2-immunoreactive type II and aromatic l-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC)-immunoreactive type III taste cells as well as in cells immunonegative for both PLCβ2 and AADC, demonstrating that AAV-DJ does not discriminate functional taste cell types. In conclusion, the method established in this study will be a promising tool to study the mechanism of taste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiyuki Taruno
- Department of Molecular Cell Physiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Makiko Kashio
- Department of Molecular Cell Physiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Hongxin Sun
- Department of Molecular Cell Physiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Kenta Kobayashi
- Section of Viral Vector Development, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan.,Department of Physiological Sciences, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Hiromi Sano
- Department of Physiological Sciences, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki 444-8585, Japan.,Division of System Neurophysiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan and
| | - Atsushi Nambu
- Section of Viral Vector Development, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan.,Department of Physiological Sciences, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki 444-8585, Japan.,Division of System Neurophysiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan and
| | - Yoshinori Marunaka
- Department of Molecular Cell Physiology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan.,Department of Bio-Ionomics, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
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318
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Greisinger S, Jovanovski S, Buchbauer G. An Interesting Tour of New Research Results on Umami and Umami Compounds. Nat Prod Commun 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1601101040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge about the fifth basic taste, the umami taste, has been investigated by many scientists in the last years and continues to gain importance. Therefore, a lot of scientific studies were conducted to explore several effects influencing the mechanism of umami, which is elicited and enhanced by defined concentrations of MSG (monosodium glutamate) and umami compounds. This paper covers the most relevant scientific literature regarding umami, its use as a flavor enhancer, and the latest umami compounds, which have been released in the last ten years. The main goal of this overview was to summarize the most important results which were related to umami as one of the five basic tastes, the umami taste receptor, the essential role of umami in a great number of physiological mechanisms, and the MSG symptom complex. Furthermore, the function of umami in the interaction of taste, aftertaste and olfactory pathways has been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Greisinger
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Jovanovski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerhard Buchbauer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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319
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Molecular mechanism of sweetness sensation. Physiol Behav 2016; 164:453-463. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 03/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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320
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Zhang Y, Wang X, Wang S, Zhang Q, Peng S, Li X, Zhang Y, Qiao Y. In silico investigation of the association of the TRPM8 ion channel with the pungent flavor of Chinese herbs. JOURNAL OF TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICAL SCIENCES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcms.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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321
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Chemosensory epithelial cells in the urethra: sentinels of the urinary tract. Histochem Cell Biol 2016; 146:673-683. [PMID: 27680547 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-016-1504-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A peculiar cell type of the respiratory and gastrointestinal epithelia, originally termed "brush cell" or "tuft cell" by electron microscopists because of its apical tuft of microvilli, utilizes the canonical bitter taste transduction cascade known from oropharyngeal taste buds to detect potential hazardous compounds, e.g. bacterial products. Upon stimulation, this cell initiates protective reflexes and local inflammatory responses through release of acetylcholine and chemokines. Guided by the understanding of these cells as sentinels, they have been newly discovered at previously unrecognized anatomical locations, including the urethra. Solitary cholinergic urethral cells express canonical taste receptors and are polymodal chemosensors for certain bitter substances, glutamate (umami) and uropathogenic Escherichia coli. Intraurethral bitter stimulation triggers cholinergic reflex activation of bladder detrusor activity, which is interpreted as cleaning flushing of the urethra. The currently known scenario suggests the presence of at least two more urethral chemosensory cell types: non-cholinergic brush cells and neuroendocrine serotonergic cells. The potential implications are enormous and far reaching, as these cells might be involved in monitoring and preventing ascending urinary tract infection and triggering of inappropriate detrusor activity. However, although appealing, this is still highly speculative, since the actual number of distinct chemosensory cell types needs to be finally clarified, as well as their embryological origin, developmental dynamics, receptor equipment, modes of signalling to adjacent nerve fibres and other cells, repertoire of chemo- and cytokines, involvement in pathogenesis of diseases and many other aspects.
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322
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Huang AY, Wu SY. The effect of imiquimod on taste bud calcium transients and transmitter secretion. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 173:3121-3133. [PMID: 27464850 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Imiquimod is an immunomodulator approved for the treatment of basal cell carcinoma and has adverse side effects, including taste disturbances. Paracrine transmission, representing cell-cell communication within taste buds, has the potential to shape the final signals that taste buds transmit to the brain. Here, we tested the underlying assumption that imiquimod modifies taste transmitter secretion in taste buds of mice. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Taste buds were isolated from C57BL/6J mice. The effects of imiquimod on transmitter release in taste buds were measured using calcium imaging with cellular biosensors, and examining the net effect of imiquimod on taste-evoked ATP secretion from mouse taste buds. KEY RESULTS Up to 72% of presynaptic (Type III) taste cells responded to 100 μM imiquimod with an increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentrations. These Ca2+ responses were inhibited by thapsigargin, an inhibitor of the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ -ATPase, and by U73122, a PLC inhibitor, suggesting that the Ca2+ mobilization elicited by imiquimod was dependent on release from internal Ca2+ stores. Moreover, combining studies of Ca2+ imaging with cellular biosensors showed that imiquimod evoked secretion of 5-HT, which then provided negative feedback onto receptor (Type II) cells to reduce taste-evoked ATP secretion. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Our results provide evidence that there is a subset of taste cells equipped with a range of intracellular mechanisms that respond to imiquimod. The findings are also consistent with a role of imiquimod as an immune response modifier, which shapes peripheral taste responses via 5-HT signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Y Huang
- Department of Anatomy, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL, USA. .,Center for Integrated Research in Cognitive and Neural Science, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL, USA.
| | - Sandy Y Wu
- Department of Anatomy, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL, USA
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323
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Hwang LD, Breslin PAS, Reed DR, Zhu G, Martin NG, Wright MJ. Is the Association Between Sweet and Bitter Perception due to Genetic Variation? Chem Senses 2016; 41:737-744. [PMID: 27506221 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjw083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Perceived intensities of sweetness and bitterness are correlated with one another and each is influenced by genetics. The extent to which these correlations share common genetic variation, however, remains unclear. In a mainly adolescent sample ( n = 1901, mean age 16.2 years), including 243 monozygotic (MZ) and 452 dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs, we estimated the covariance among the perceived intensities of 4 bitter compounds (6- n -propylthiouracil [PROP], sucrose octa-acetate, quinine, caffeine) and 4 sweeteners (the weighted mean ratings of glucose, fructose, neohesperidine dihydrochalcone, aspartame) with multivariate genetic modeling. The sweetness factor was moderately correlated with sucrose octa-acetate, quinine, and caffeine ( rp = 0.35-0.40). This was mainly due to a shared genetic factor ( rg = 0.46-0.51) that accounted for 17-37% of the variance in the 3 bitter compounds' ratings and 8% of the variance in general sweetness ratings. In contrast, an association between sweetness and PROP only became evident after adjusting for the TAS2R38 diplotype ( rp increased from 0.18 to 0.32) with the PROP genetic factor accounting for 6% of variance in sweetness. These genetic associations were not inflated by scale use bias, as the cross-trait correlations for both MZ and DZ twins were weak. There was also little evidence for mediation by cognition or behavioral factors. This suggests an overlap of genetic variance between perceptions of sweetness and bitterness from a variety of stimuli, which includes PROP when considering the TAS2R38 diplotype. The most likely sources of shared variation are within genes encoding post-receptor transduction mechanisms common to the various taste G protein-coupled receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Dar Hwang
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute , Brisbane , Queensland 4006 , Australia.,School of Medicine , University of Queensland , Brisbane , Queensland 4006 , Australia
| | - Paul A S Breslin
- Monell Chemical Senses Center , Philadelphia, PA 19104 , USA.,Department of Nutritional Sciences , School of Environmental and Biological Sciences , Rutgers University , New Brunswick , NJ 08901 , USA
| | - Danielle R Reed
- Monell Chemical Senses Center , Philadelphia, PA 19104 , USA
| | - Gu Zhu
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute , Brisbane , Queensland 4006 , Australia
| | - Nicholas G Martin
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute , Brisbane , Queensland 4006 , Australia
| | - Margaret J Wright
- Queensland Brain Institute , University of Queensland , Brisbane , Queensland 4072 , Australia and.,Centre for Advanced Imaging , University of Queensland , Brisbane , Queensland 4072 , Australia
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324
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Levanti M, Randazzo B, Viña E, Montalbano G, Garcia-Suarez O, Germanà A, Vega JA, Abbate F. Acid-sensing ion channels and transient-receptor potential ion channels in zebrafish taste buds. Ann Anat 2016; 207:32-7. [PMID: 27513962 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Sensory information from the environment is required for life and survival, and it is detected by specialized cells which together make up the sensory system. The fish sensory system includes specialized organs that are able to detect mechanical and chemical stimuli. In particular, taste buds are small organs located on the tongue in terrestrial vertebrates that function in the perception of taste. In fish, taste buds occur on the lips, the flanks, and the caudal (tail) fins of some species and on the barbels of others. In fish taste receptor cells, different classes of ion channels have been detected which, like in mammals, presumably participate in the detection and/or transduction of chemical gustatory signals. However, since some of these ion channels are involved in the detection of additional sensory modalities, it can be hypothesized that taste cells sense stimuli other than those specific for taste. This mini-review summarizes current knowledge on the presence of transient-receptor potential (TRP) and acid-sensing (ASIC) ion channels in the taste buds of teleosts, especially adult zebrafish. Up to now ASIC4, TRPC2, TRPA1, TRPV1 and TRPV4 ion channels have been found in the sensory cells, while ASIC2 was detected in the nerves supplying the taste buds.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Levanti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Italy
| | - B Randazzo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Italy
| | - E Viña
- Department of Morphology and Cellular Biology, University of Oviedo, Spain
| | - G Montalbano
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Italy.
| | - O Garcia-Suarez
- Department of Morphology and Cellular Biology, University of Oviedo, Spain
| | - A Germanà
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Italy
| | - J A Vega
- Department of Morphology and Cellular Biology, University of Oviedo, Spain; Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Chile, Chile
| | - F Abbate
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Italy
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325
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Hartman-Petrycka M, Knefel G, Lebiedowska A, Kosmala J, Klimacka-Nawrot E, Kawecki M, Nowak M, Błońska-Fajfrowska B. Alterations in taste perception as a result of hyperbaric oxygen therapy. Appetite 2016; 107:159-165. [PMID: 27497834 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The present study evaluates the effect of hyperbaric oxygen therapy on taste sensitivity, hedonic perception of taste, and food preferences. The studied groups included 197 people in total (79 in the study group; 118 in the control group). All patients from the study group were treated with hyperbaric oxygen therapy due to chronic non-healing wounds. The control group consisted of healthy people, who did not receive hyperbaric oxygen therapy. The taste intensity, recognition thresholds, and hedonic perception were examined using gustatory tests. The aqueous solutions of sucrose for sweet, sodium chloride for salty, citric acid for sour, quinine hydrochloride for bitter, and monosodium glutamate for umami taste were used. The participants fulfilled the questionnaire to examine pleasure derived from eating certain types of dishes. Gustatory tests and analyses of the pleasure derived from eating in the study group were carried out before the first exposure to hyperbaric oxygen and then at the end of therapy, after at least 25 sessions of treatment. In the control group, examination of perception of taste sensations was conducted only once. The results of comparing patients with non-healing wounds with healthy people are characterized by reduced taste sensitivity. After participation in hyperbaric oxygen therapy, the improvement in perception of taste sensations and changes in hedonic evaluation have occurred among patients with non-healing wounds. In terms of food preference, a decreased desire for eating sweet desserts, chocolate, and crisps was observed in those patients who received hyperbaric oxygen therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Hartman-Petrycka
- Department of Basic Biomedical Sciences, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, 3, Kasztanowa Street, 41-205 Sosnowiec, Poland.
| | - Grzegorz Knefel
- Dr. Stanisław Sakiel Centre for Burn Treatment, Siemianowice Śląskie, 2, Jana Pawła II Street, 41-100 Siemianowice Śląskie, Poland.
| | - Agata Lebiedowska
- Department of Basic Biomedical Sciences, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, 3, Kasztanowa Street, 41-205 Sosnowiec, Poland.
| | - Joanna Kosmala
- Dr. Stanisław Sakiel Centre for Burn Treatment, Siemianowice Śląskie, 2, Jana Pawła II Street, 41-100 Siemianowice Śląskie, Poland.
| | - Ewa Klimacka-Nawrot
- Department of Basic Biomedical Sciences, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, 3, Kasztanowa Street, 41-205 Sosnowiec, Poland.
| | - Marek Kawecki
- Dr. Stanisław Sakiel Centre for Burn Treatment, Siemianowice Śląskie, 2, Jana Pawła II Street, 41-100 Siemianowice Śląskie, Poland.
| | - Mariusz Nowak
- Dr. Stanisław Sakiel Centre for Burn Treatment, Siemianowice Śląskie, 2, Jana Pawła II Street, 41-100 Siemianowice Śląskie, Poland.
| | - Barbara Błońska-Fajfrowska
- Department of Basic Biomedical Sciences, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, 3, Kasztanowa Street, 41-205 Sosnowiec, Poland.
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326
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Alvarez-Berdugo D, Rofes L, Casamitjana JF, Padrón A, Quer M, Clavé P. Oropharyngeal and laryngeal sensory innervation in the pathophysiology of swallowing disorders and sensory stimulation treatments. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2016; 1380:104-120. [DOI: 10.1111/nyas.13150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Alvarez-Berdugo
- Gastrointestinal Motility Laboratory, Hospital de Mataró; Consorci Sanitari del Maresme; Mataró Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas; Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Barcelona Spain
| | - Laia Rofes
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas; Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Barcelona Spain
| | | | - Andreína Padrón
- Department of Pathology, Hospital de Mataró; Consorci Sanitari del Maresme; Mataró Spain
| | - Miquel Quer
- ENT and Cervicofacial Pathology Department of Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau; Barcelona Spain
| | - Pere Clavé
- Gastrointestinal Motility Laboratory, Hospital de Mataró; Consorci Sanitari del Maresme; Mataró Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas; Instituto de Salud Carlos III; Barcelona Spain
- Fundació Institut de Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol; Badalona Spain
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327
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Ribani A, Bertolini F, Schiavo G, Scotti E, Utzeri VJ, Dall'Olio S, Trevisi P, Bosi P, Fontanesi L. Next generation semiconductor based sequencing of bitter taste receptor genes in different pig populations and association analysis using a selective DNA pool-seq approach. Anim Genet 2016; 48:97-102. [PMID: 27435880 DOI: 10.1111/age.12472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Taste perception in animals affects feed intake and may influence production traits. In particular, bitter is sensed by receptors encoded by the family of TAS2R genes. In this research, using a DNA pool-seq approach coupled with next generation semiconductor based target resequencing, we analysed nine porcine TAS2R genes (TAS2R1, TAS2R3, TAS2R4, TAS2R7, TAS2R9, TAS2R10, TAS2R16, TAS2R38 and TAS2R39) to identify variability and, at the same time, estimate single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) allele frequencies in several populations and testing differences in an association analysis. Equimolar DNA pools were prepared for five pig breeds (Italian Duroc, Italian Landrace, Pietrain, Meishan and Casertana) and wild boars (5-10 individuals each) and for two groups of Italian Large White pigs with extreme and divergent back fat thickness (50 + 50 pigs). About 1.8 million reads were obtained by sequencing amplicons generated from these pools. A total of 125 SNPs were identified, of which 37 were missense mutations. Three of them (p.Ile53Phe and p.Trp85Leu in TAS2R4; p.Leu37Ser in TAS2R39) could have important effects on the function of these bitter taste receptors, based on in silico predictions. Variability in wild boars seems lower than that in domestic breeds potentially as a result of selective pressure in the wild towards defensive bitter taste perception. Three SNPs in TAS2R38 and TAS2R39 were significantly associated with back fat thickness. These results may be important to understand the complexity of taste perception and their associated effects that could be useful to develop nutrigenetic approaches in pig breeding and nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ribani
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), Division of Animal Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 46, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - F Bertolini
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), Division of Animal Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 46, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - G Schiavo
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), Division of Animal Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 46, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - E Scotti
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), Division of Animal Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 46, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - V J Utzeri
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), Division of Animal Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 46, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - S Dall'Olio
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), Division of Animal Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 46, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - P Trevisi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), Division of Animal Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 46, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - P Bosi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), Division of Animal Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 46, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - L Fontanesi
- Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), Division of Animal Sciences, University of Bologna, Viale Fanin 46, 40127, Bologna, Italy
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328
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Furlan AL, Saad A, Dufourc EJ, Géan J. Grape tannin catechin and ethanol fluidify oral membrane mimics containing moderate amounts of cholesterol: Implications on wine tasting? Biochimie 2016; 130:41-48. [PMID: 27402289 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Wine tasting results in interactions of tannin-ethanol solutions with proteins and lipids of the oral cavity. Among the various feelings perceived during tasting, astringency and bitterness most probably result in binding events with saliva proteins, lipids and receptors. In this work, we monitored the conjugated effect of the grape polyphenol catechin and ethanol on lipid membranes mimicking the different degrees of keratinization of oral cavity surfaces by varying the amount of cholesterol present in membranes. Both catechin and ethanol fluidify the membranes as evidenced by solid-state 2H NMR of perdeuterated lipids. The effect is however depending on the cholesterol proportion and may be very important and cumulative in the absence of cholesterol or presence of 18 mol % cholesterol. For 40 mol % cholesterol, mimicking highly keratinized membranes, both ethanol and catechin can no longer affect membrane dynamics. These observations can be accounted for by phase diagrams of lipid-cholesterol mixtures and the role played by membrane defects for insertion of tannins and ethanol when several phases coexist. These findings suggest that the behavior of oral membranes in contact with wine should be different depending of their cholesterol content. Astringency and bitterness could be then affected; the former because of a potential competition between the tannin-lipid and the tannin-saliva protein interaction, and the latter because of a possible fluidity modification of membranes containing taste receptors. The lipids that have been up to now weakly considered in oenology may be become a new actor in the issue of wine tasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélien L Furlan
- Institute of Chemistry and Biology of Membranes and Nano-objects, UMR 5248, Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, F-33600, Pessac, France
| | - Ahmad Saad
- Institute of Chemistry and Biology of Membranes and Nano-objects, UMR 5248, Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, F-33600, Pessac, France
| | - Erick J Dufourc
- Institute of Chemistry and Biology of Membranes and Nano-objects, UMR 5248, Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, F-33600, Pessac, France
| | - Julie Géan
- Institute of Chemistry and Biology of Membranes and Nano-objects, UMR 5248, Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, F-33600, Pessac, France.
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329
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Hsiao YH, Hsu CH, Chen C. A High-Throughput Automated Microfluidic Platform for Calcium Imaging of Taste Sensing. Molecules 2016; 21:E896. [PMID: 27399663 PMCID: PMC6273845 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21070896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Revised: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The human enteroendocrine L cell line NCI-H716, expressing taste receptors and taste signaling elements, constitutes a unique model for the studies of cellular responses to glucose, appetite regulation, gastrointestinal motility, and insulin secretion. Targeting these gut taste receptors may provide novel treatments for diabetes and obesity. However, NCI-H716 cells are cultured in suspension and tend to form multicellular aggregates, preventing high-throughput calcium imaging due to interferences caused by laborious immobilization and stimulus delivery procedures. Here, we have developed an automated microfluidic platform that is capable of trapping more than 500 single cells into microwells with a loading efficiency of 77% within two minutes, delivering multiple chemical stimuli and performing calcium imaging with enhanced spatial and temporal resolutions when compared to bath perfusion systems. Results revealed the presence of heterogeneity in cellular responses to the type, concentration, and order of applied sweet and bitter stimuli. Sucralose and denatonium benzoate elicited robust increases in the intracellular Ca(2+) concentration. However, glucose evoked a rapid elevation of intracellular Ca(2+) followed by reduced responses to subsequent glucose stimulation. Using Gymnema sylvestre as a blocking agent for the sweet taste receptor confirmed that different taste receptors were utilized for sweet and bitter tastes. This automated microfluidic platform is cost-effective, easy to fabricate and operate, and may be generally applicable for high-throughput and high-content single-cell analysis and drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hsing Hsiao
- Institute of Nanoengineering and Microsystems, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan.
| | - Chia-Hsien Hsu
- Institute of Nanoengineering and Microsystems, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan.
| | - Chihchen Chen
- Institute of Nanoengineering and Microsystems, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.
- Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.
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330
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Liu D, Archer N, Duesing K, Hannan G, Keast R. Mechanism of fat taste perception: Association with diet and obesity. Prog Lipid Res 2016; 63:41-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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331
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Svechtarova MI, Buzzacchera I, Toebes BJ, Lauko J, Anton N, Wilson CJ. Sensor Devices Inspired by the Five Senses: A Review. ELECTROANAL 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201600047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - B. Jelle Toebes
- NovioSense BV; Transistorweg 5 6534 AT Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Jan Lauko
- NovioSense BV; Transistorweg 5 6534 AT Nijmegen The Netherlands
| | - Nicoleta Anton
- Universitatea de Medicina si Farmacie Grigore T.; Popa, Str. Universitatii nr. 16 700115 Iasi Romania
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332
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Aleman MG, Marconi LJ, Nguyen NH, Park JM, Patino MM, Wang Y, Watkins CS, Shelley C. The Influence of Assay Design, Blinding, and Gymnema sylvestre on Sucrose Detection by Humans. JOURNAL OF UNDERGRADUATE NEUROSCIENCE EDUCATION : JUNE : A PUBLICATION OF FUN, FACULTY FOR UNDERGRADUATE NEUROSCIENCE 2016; 15:A18-A23. [PMID: 27980466 PMCID: PMC5105959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The detection and grading of tastes corresponding to different taste modalities can be tested in engaging laboratory sessions using students themselves as test subjects. This article describes a series of experiments in which data pertaining to the detection of salty and sweet tastes are obtained, and the ability of the herb Gymnema sylvestre to disrupt the detection of sucrose is quantified. The effects of blinding and different assay designs on EC50 estimation are also investigated. The data obtained allow for substantial data analysis, including non-linear regression using fixed and free parameters to quantify dose-response relationships, and the use of often under-utilized permutation tests to determine significant differences when the underlying data display heteroscedasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Chris Shelley
- Address correspondence to: Dr. Chris Shelley, Biology Department, Franklin and Marshall College, PO Box 3003, Lancaster, PA, 17604.
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333
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Ribeiro JC, Chaves M, Chaves C, Lemos L, Silva ED, Paiva A, Hummel T. Cross-cultural validation of a taste test with paper strips. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2016; 273:3407-11. [PMID: 27071772 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-016-4037-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Taste dysfunctions influence food choices, interpersonal communication and danger/health. A gustometry protocol is the mainstream for clinical taste disorders diagnosis and suggests possible therapeutics. No clinical gustometry protocol has been adapted and validated to the Portuguese population so far. We aim to validate a gustometry protocol based on strips made from filter paper impregnated with different taste solutions. Four concentrations each for sweet, sour, salty and bitter were administered to 75 subjects. Hypogeusia threshold is of 4.8 in this population. Repeated measures indicated a good reliability and validity for the taste strips (ρ 75 = 0.68, p < 0.001). Although Mediterranean food implies a heathy eating pattern, taste threshold scores may be lower because of its habituation to natural food flavoring. The taste strip gustometry protocol can be applied to the clinical practice in Portugal. It is quick, effective and cheap. The diagnostic utility of this method is indisputable, as well as the advantages we can obtain with its application, for early diagnosis and distinction between disorders of taste and smell.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Carlos Ribeiro
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Coimbra University Hospital, Coimbra, Portugal.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
- Faculty of Medicine, Centre of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, IBILI, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Mariana Chaves
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carolina Chaves
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Lisete Lemos
- Department of Pharmacy, Coimbra University Hospital, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Eduardo D Silva
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - António Paiva
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Coimbra University Hospital, Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Thomas Hummel
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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334
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Pereira LJ, van der Bilt A. The influence of oral processing, food perception and social aspects on food consumption: a review. J Oral Rehabil 2016; 43:630-48. [PMID: 27061099 DOI: 10.1111/joor.12395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Eating is an essential activity to get energy and necessary nutrients for living. While chewing, the food is broken down by the teeth and dissolved by saliva. Taste, flavour and texture are perceived during chewing and will contribute to the appreciation of the food. The senses of taste and smell play an important role in selecting nutritive food instead of toxic substances. Also visual information of a food product is essential in the choice and the acceptance of food products, whereas auditory information obtained during the chewing of crispy products will provide information on whether a product is fresh or stale. Food perception does not just depend on one individual sense, but appears to be the result from multisensory integration of unimodal signals. Large differences in oral physiology parameters exist among individuals, which may lead to differences in food perception. Knowledge of the interplay between mastication and sensory experience for groups of individuals is important for the food industry to control quality and acceptability of their products. Environment factors during eating, like TV watching or electronic media use, may also play a role in food perception and the amount of food ingested. Distraction during eating a meal may lead to disregard about satiety and fullness feelings and thus to an increased risk of obesity. Genetic and social/cultural aspects seem to play an important role in taste sensitivity and food preference. Males generally show larger bite size, larger chewing power and a faster chewing rhythm than females. The size of swallowed particles seems to be larger for obese individuals, although there is no evidence until now of an 'obese chewing style'. Elderly people tend to have fewer teeth and consequently a less good masticatory performance, which may lead to lower intakes of raw food and dietary fibre. The influence of impaired mastication on food selection is still controversial, but it is likely that it may at least cause adaptation in food choice. Systemic conditions, such as high blood pressure, diabetes and cancer, with or without medicine use, tend to be associated with taste and chewing alterations. However, definite conclusions seem hard to reach, as research protocols vary largely.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Pereira
- Department of Health Sciences - Physiology Area, Federal University of Lavras - UFLA, Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - A van der Bilt
- Department of Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery, Prosthodontics and Special Dental Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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335
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Avau B, Depoortere I. The bitter truth about bitter taste receptors: beyond sensing bitter in the oral cavity. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2016; 216:407-20. [PMID: 26493384 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The bitter taste receptor (TAS2R)-family of G-protein-coupled receptors has been identified on the tongue as detectors of bitter taste over a decade ago. In the last few years, they have been discovered in an ever growing number of extra-oral tissues, including the airways, the gut, the brain and even the testis. In tissues that contact the exterior, protective functions for TAS2Rs have been proposed, in analogy to their function on the tongue as toxicity detector. However, TAS2Rs have also been found in internal organs, suggesting other roles for these receptors, perhaps involving as yet unidentified endogenous ligands. The current review gives an overview of the different proposed functions for TAS2Rs in tissues other than the oral cavity; from appetite regulation to the treatment of asthma, regulation of gastrointestinal motility and control of airway innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Avau
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID); Gut Peptide Research Lab; University of Leuven; Leuven Belgium
| | - I. Depoortere
- Translational Research Center for Gastrointestinal Disorders (TARGID); Gut Peptide Research Lab; University of Leuven; Leuven Belgium
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336
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Doty RL, Tourbier IA, Pham DL, Cuzzocreo JL, Udupa JK, Karacali B, Beals E, Fabius L, Leon-Sarmiento FE, Moonis G, Kim T, Mihama T, Geckle RJ, Yousem DM. Taste dysfunction in multiple sclerosis. J Neurol 2016; 263:677-88. [PMID: 26810729 PMCID: PMC5399510 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-016-8030-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Revised: 01/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Empirical studies of taste function in multiple sclerosis (MS) are rare. Moreover, a detailed assessment of whether quantitative measures of taste function correlate with the punctate and patchy myelin-related lesions found throughout the CNS of MS patients has not been made. We administered a 96-trial test of sweet (sucrose), sour (citric acid), bitter (caffeine) and salty (NaCl) taste perception to the left and right anterior (CN VII) and posterior (CN IX) tongue regions of 73 MS patients and 73 matched controls. The number and volume of lesions were assessed using quantitative MRI in 52 brain regions of 63 of the MS patients. Taste identification scores were significantly lower in the MS patients for sucrose (p = 0.0002), citric acid (p = 0.0001), caffeine (p = 0.0372) and NaCl (p = 0.0004) and were present in both anterior and posterior tongue regions. The percent of MS patients with identification scores falling below the 5th percentile of controls was 15.07 % for caffeine, 21.9 % for citric acid, 24.66 % for sucrose, and 31.50 % for NaCl. Such scores were inversely correlated with lesion volumes in the temporal, medial frontal, and superior frontal lobes, and with the number of lesions in the left and right superior frontal lobes, right anterior cingulate gyrus, and left parietal operculum. Regardless of the subject group, women outperformed men on the taste measures. These findings indicate that a sizable number of MS patients exhibit taste deficits that are associated with MS-related lesions throughout the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard L Doty
- Smell and Taste Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 5 Ravdin Building, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-4823, USA.
- Department of Otorhinolarynology: Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Isabelle A Tourbier
- Smell and Taste Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 5 Ravdin Building, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-4823, USA
- Department of Otorhinolarynology: Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Dzung L Pham
- Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Henry Jackson Foundation, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jennifer L Cuzzocreo
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21287, MD, USA
| | - Jayaram K Udupa
- Medical Imaging Section, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvlania, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA
| | - Bilge Karacali
- Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department, İzmir Institute of Technology, Urla, Izmir, 35430, Turkey
| | - Evan Beals
- Smell and Taste Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 5 Ravdin Building, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-4823, USA
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, 48824, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Laura Fabius
- Smell and Taste Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 5 Ravdin Building, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-4823, USA
- Department of Otorhinolarynology: Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Fidias E Leon-Sarmiento
- Smell and Taste Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 5 Ravdin Building, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-4823, USA
- Department of Otorhinolarynology: Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Gul Moonis
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Taehoon Kim
- Smell and Taste Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 5 Ravdin Building, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-4823, USA
- Department of Otorhinolarynology: Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Toru Mihama
- Smell and Taste Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 5 Ravdin Building, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-4823, USA
- Department of Otorhinolarynology: Head and Neck Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Rena J Geckle
- Department of Radiology, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - David M Yousem
- Department of Radiology, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
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337
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Shaik FA, Singh N, Arakawa M, Duan K, Bhullar RP, Chelikani P. Bitter taste receptors: Extraoral roles in pathophysiology. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 77:197-204. [PMID: 27032752 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2016.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade tremendous progress has been made in understanding the functional role of bitter taste receptors (T2Rs) and bitter taste perception. This review will cover the recent advances made in identifying the role of T2Rs in pathophysiological states. T2Rs are widely expressed in various parts of human anatomy and have been shown to be involved in physiology of respiratory system, gastrointestinal tract and endocrine system. Empirical evidence has shown T2Rs to be an integral component of antimicrobial immune responses in upper respiratory tract infections. The studies on human airway smooth muscle cells have shown that a potent bitter tastant induced bronchodilatory effects mediated by bitter taste receptors. Clinical data suggests a role for T2R38 polymorphism in predisposition of individuals to chronic rhinosinusitis. The role of genetic variation in T2Rs and its impact on disease susceptibility have been investigated in various other disease risk factors such as alcohol dependence, head and neck cancers. Preliminary reports have demonstrated differential expression of functional T2Rs in breast cancer cell lines. Studies on the role of T2Rs in pathophysiology of diseases including chronic rhinosinusitis, asthma, cystic fibrosis, and cancer have been promising. However, research in this field is in its nascent stages, and more confirmatory studies on animal models and in clinical settings are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feroz Ahmed Shaik
- Manitoba Chemosensory Biology (MCSB) Research Group and Department of Oral Biology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W2, Canada; Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Nisha Singh
- Manitoba Chemosensory Biology (MCSB) Research Group and Department of Oral Biology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W2, Canada; Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Makoto Arakawa
- Manitoba Chemosensory Biology (MCSB) Research Group and Department of Oral Biology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W2, Canada
| | - Kangmin Duan
- Manitoba Chemosensory Biology (MCSB) Research Group and Department of Oral Biology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W2, Canada; Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Rajinder P Bhullar
- Manitoba Chemosensory Biology (MCSB) Research Group and Department of Oral Biology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W2, Canada
| | - Prashen Chelikani
- Manitoba Chemosensory Biology (MCSB) Research Group and Department of Oral Biology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W2, Canada; Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W2, Canada.
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338
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Kumarhia D, He L, McCluskey LP. Inflammatory stimuli acutely modulate peripheral taste function. J Neurophysiol 2016; 115:2964-75. [PMID: 27009163 DOI: 10.1152/jn.01104.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation-mediated changes in taste perception can affect health outcomes in patients, but little is known about the underlying mechanisms. In the present work, we hypothesized that proinflammatory cytokines directly modulate Na(+) transport in taste buds. To test this, we measured acute changes in Na(+) flux in polarized fungiform taste buds loaded with a Na(+) indicator dye. IL-1β elicited an amiloride-sensitive increase in Na(+) transport in taste buds. In contrast, TNF-α dramatically and reversibly decreased Na(+) flux in polarized taste buds via amiloride-sensitive and amiloride-insensitive Na(+) transport systems. The speed and partial amiloride sensitivity of these changes in Na(+) flux indicate that IL-1β and TNF-α modulate epithelial Na(+) channel (ENaC) function. A portion of the TNF-mediated decrease in Na(+) flux is also blocked by the TRPV1 antagonist capsazepine, although TNF-α further reduced Na(+) transport independently of both amiloride and capsazepine. We also assessed taste function in vivo in a model of infection and inflammation that elevates these and additional cytokines. In rats administered systemic lipopolysaccharide (LPS), CT responses to Na(+) were significantly elevated between 1 and 2 h after LPS treatment. Low, normally preferred concentrations of NaCl and sodium acetate elicited high response magnitudes. Consistent with this outcome, codelivery of IL-1β and TNF-α enhanced Na(+) flux in polarized taste buds. These results demonstrate that inflammation elicits swift changes in Na(+) taste function, which may limit salt consumption during illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devaki Kumarhia
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia; and Graduate Program in Molecular Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Lianying He
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia; and
| | - Lynnette Phillips McCluskey
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia; and
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339
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Bitter taste receptors: Novel insights into the biochemistry and pharmacology. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2016; 77:184-96. [PMID: 26995065 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2016] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Bitter taste receptors (T2Rs) belong to the super family of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). There are 25 T2Rs expressed in humans, and these interact with a large and diverse group of bitter ligands. T2Rs are expressed in many extra-oral tissues and can perform diverse physiological roles. Structure-function studies led to the identification of similarities and dissimilarities between T2Rs and Class A GPCRs including amino acid conservation and novel motifs. However, the efficacy of most of the T2R ligands is not yet elucidated and the biochemical pharmacology of T2Rs is poorly understood. Recent studies on T2Rs characterized novel ligands including blockers for these receptors that include inverse agonist and antagonists. In this review we discuss the techniques used for elucidating bitter blockers, concept of ligand bias, generic amino acid numbering, the role of cholesterol, and conserved water molecules in the biochemistry and pharmacology of T2Rs.
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340
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Abstract
The sense of taste, or gustation, is mediated by taste buds, which are housed in specialized taste papillae found in a stereotyped pattern on the surface of the tongue. Each bud, regardless of its location, is a collection of ∼100 cells that belong to at least five different functional classes, which transduce sweet, bitter, salt, sour and umami (the taste of glutamate) signals. Taste receptor cells harbor functional similarities to neurons but, like epithelial cells, are rapidly and continuously renewed throughout adult life. Here, I review recent advances in our understanding of how the pattern of taste buds is established in embryos and discuss the cellular and molecular mechanisms governing taste cell turnover. I also highlight how these findings aid our understanding of how and why many cancer therapies result in taste dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda A Barlow
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Graduate Program in Cell Biology, Stem Cells and Development and the Rocky Mountain Taste and Smell Center, University of Colorado, School Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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341
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Tomás J, Santos CRA, Quintela T, Gonçalves I. "Tasting" the cerebrospinal fluid: Another function of the choroid plexus? Neuroscience 2016; 320:160-71. [PMID: 26850994 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.01.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Revised: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The choroid plexus (CP) located in brain ventricles, by forming the interface between the blood and the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is in a privileged position to monitor the composition of these body fluids. Yet, the mechanisms involved in this surveillance system remain to be identified. The taste transduction pathway senses some types of molecules, thereby evaluating the chemical content of fluids, not only in the oral cavity but also in other tissues throughout the body, such as some cell types of the airways, the gastrointestinal tract, testis and skin. Therefore, we hypothesized that the taste transduction pathway could also be operating in the CP to assess the composition of the CSF. We found transcripts for some taste receptors (Tas1r1, Tas1r2, Tas1r3, Tas2r109 and Tas2r144) and for downstream signaling molecules (α-Gustducin, Plcβ2, ItpR3 and TrpM5) that encode this pathway, and confirmed the expression of the corresponding proteins in Wistar rat CP explants and in the CP epithelial cells (CPEC). The functionality of the T2R receptor expressed in CP cells was assessed by calcium imaging, of CPEC stimulated with the bitter compound D-Salicin, which elicited a rise in the intracellular Ca(2+). This effect was diminished in the presence of the bitter receptor blocker Probenecid. In summary, we described the expression of the taste-related components involved in the transduction signaling cascade in CP. Taken together, our results suggest that the taste transduction pathway in CPEC makes use of T2R receptors in the chemical surveillance of the CSF composition, in particular to sense bitter noxious compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Tomás
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - C R A Santos
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - T Quintela
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - I Gonçalves
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Avenida Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal.
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342
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Daniels S, Marshall P, Leri F. Alterations of naltrexone-induced conditioned place avoidance by pre-exposure to high fructose corn syrup or heroin in Sprague-Dawley rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2016; 233:425-33. [PMID: 26514556 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-015-4121-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE It has been suggested that withdrawal from sugar produces a set of symptoms that resemble those observed following withdrawal from opiate drugs. OBJECTIVES This study explored naltrexone-induced withdrawal in animals pre-exposed to acute, chronic, and intermittent high fructose corn syrup (HFCS) or acute and chronic heroin administration. METHODS Experiment 1 examined conditioned place avoidance (CPA) induced by different doses of naltrexone (0.01-1 mg/kg) in naïve male Sprague-Dawley rats. In experiment 2, rats received continuous or intermittent home cage HFCS access (0 or 50 %) prior to conditioning with 1 mg/kg naltrexone. In experiment 3, HFCS ingestion was increased by food restriction and rats were conditioned with 3 mg/kg naltrexone. In experiment 4, the timing and quantity of HFCS ingestion (0, 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg) was controlled by intragastric administration, and rats were conditioned with 1 mg/kg naltrexone. In experiment 5, rats received acute (2 mg/kg) or chronic heroin (3.5 mg/kg/day) prior to conditioning with 1 mg/kg naltrexone. RESULTS Administration of naltrexone produced moderate conditioned place avoidance in naïve rats. Importantly, acute, continuous, and intermittent HFCS pre-exposure did not significantly amplify this effect, but acute and chronic heroin pre-exposure did. CONCLUSIONS As assessed by CPA, these results in rats fail to support the hypothesis that an opioid antagonist can precipitate similar affective withdrawal states following pre-exposure to sugars and opiates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Daniels
- Department of Psychology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Paul Marshall
- Department of Psychology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Francesco Leri
- Department of Psychology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
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343
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Black JB, Premont RT, Daaka Y. Feedback regulation of G protein-coupled receptor signaling by GRKs and arrestins. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2016; 50:95-104. [PMID: 26773211 PMCID: PMC4779377 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2015.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
GPCRs are ubiquitous in mammalian cells and present intricate mechanisms for cellular signaling and communication. Mechanistically, GPCR signaling was identified to occur vectorially through heterotrimeric G proteins that are negatively regulated by GRK and arrestin effectors. Emerging evidence highlights additional roles for GRK and Arrestin partners, and establishes the existence of interconnected feedback pathways that collectively define GPCR signaling. GPCRs influence cellular dynamics and can mediate pathologic development, such as cancer and cardiovascular remolding. Hence, a better understanding of their overall signal regulation is of great translational interest and research continues to exploit the pharmacologic potential for modulating their activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph B Black
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States
| | - Richard T Premont
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States
| | - Yehia Daaka
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States.
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Epstein JB, Smutzer G, Doty RL. Understanding the impact of taste changes in oncology care. Support Care Cancer 2016; 24:1917-31. [DOI: 10.1007/s00520-016-3083-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Loper HB, La Sala M, Dotson C, Steinle N. Taste perception, associated hormonal modulation, and nutrient intake. Nutr Rev 2016; 73:83-91. [PMID: 26024495 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuu009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well known that taste perception influences food intake. After ingestion, gustatory receptors relay sensory signals to the brain, which segregates, evaluates, and distinguishes the stimuli, leading to the experience known as "flavor." It is well accepted that five taste qualities – sweet, salty, bitter, sour, and umami – can be perceived by animals. In this review, the anatomy and physiology of human taste buds, the hormonal modulation of taste function, the importance of genetic chemosensory variation, and the influence of gustatory functioning on macronutrient selection and eating behavior are discussed. Individual genotypic variation results in specific phenotypes of food preference and nutrient intake. Understanding the role of taste in food selection and ingestive behavior is important for expanding our understanding of the factors involved in body weight maintenance and the risk of chronic diseases including obesity, atherosclerosis, cancer, diabetes, liver disease, and hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hillary B Loper
- H.B. Loper is with the Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. M. La Sala and C. Dotson are with the Division of Addiction Medicine, Center for Smell and Taste, Department of Neuroscience and Psychiatry, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA. N Steinle is with the Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center and University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael La Sala
- H.B. Loper is with the Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. M. La Sala and C. Dotson are with the Division of Addiction Medicine, Center for Smell and Taste, Department of Neuroscience and Psychiatry, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA. N Steinle is with the Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center and University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Cedrick Dotson
- H.B. Loper is with the Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. M. La Sala and C. Dotson are with the Division of Addiction Medicine, Center for Smell and Taste, Department of Neuroscience and Psychiatry, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA. N Steinle is with the Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center and University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nanette Steinle
- H.B. Loper is with the Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. M. La Sala and C. Dotson are with the Division of Addiction Medicine, Center for Smell and Taste, Department of Neuroscience and Psychiatry, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA. N Steinle is with the Baltimore Veterans Administration Medical Center and University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Boggs K, Venkatesan N, Mederacke I, Komatsu Y, Stice S, Schwabe RF, Mistretta CM, Mishina Y, Liu HX. Contribution of Underlying Connective Tissue Cells to Taste Buds in Mouse Tongue and Soft Palate. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146475. [PMID: 26741369 PMCID: PMC4704779 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Taste buds, the sensory organs for taste, have been described as arising solely from the surrounding epithelium, which is in distinction from other sensory receptors that are known to originate from neural precursors, i.e., neural ectoderm that includes neural crest (NC). Our previous study suggested a potential contribution of NC derived cells to early immature fungiform taste buds in late embryonic (E18.5) and young postnatal (P1-10) mice. In the present study we demonstrated the contribution of the underlying connective tissue (CT) to mature taste buds in mouse tongue and soft palate. Three independent mouse models were used for fate mapping of NC and NC derived connective tissue cells: (1) P0-Cre/R26-tdTomato (RFP) to label NC, NC derived Schwann cells and derivatives; (2) Dermo1-Cre/RFP to label mesenchymal cells and derivatives; and (3) Vimentin-CreER/mGFP to label Vimentin-expressing CT cells and derivatives upon tamoxifen treatment. Both P0-Cre/RFP and Dermo1-Cre/RFP labeled cells were abundant in mature taste buds in lingual taste papillae and soft palate, but not in the surrounding epithelial cells. Concurrently, labeled cells were extensively distributed in the underlying CT. RFP signals were seen in the majority of taste buds and all three types (I, II, III) of differentiated taste bud cells, with the neuronal-like type III cells labeled at a greater proportion. Further, Vimentin-CreER labeled cells were found in the taste buds of 3-month-old mice whereas Vimentin immunoreactivity was only seen in the CT. Taken together, our data demonstrate a previously unrecognized origin of taste bud cells from the underlying CT, a conceptually new finding in our knowledge of taste bud cell derivation, i.e., from both the surrounding epithelium and the underlying CT that is primarily derived from NC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Boggs
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, Department of Animal and Dairy Science, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States of America
| | - Nandakumar Venkatesan
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, Department of Animal and Dairy Science, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States of America
| | - Ingmar Mederacke
- Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Yoshihiro Komatsu
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Steve Stice
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, Department of Animal and Dairy Science, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States of America
| | - Robert F. Schwabe
- Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States of America
| | - Charlotte M. Mistretta
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Yuji Mishina
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Hong-Xiang Liu
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, Department of Animal and Dairy Science, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States of America
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Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide Reduces Taste-Evoked ATP Secretion from Mouse Taste Buds. J Neurosci 2016; 35:12714-24. [PMID: 26377461 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0100-15.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Immunoelectron microscopy revealed that peripheral afferent nerve fibers innervating taste buds contain calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), which may be as an efferent transmitter released from peripheral axon terminals. In this report, we determined the targets of CGRP within taste buds and studied what effect CGRP exerts on taste bud function. We isolated mouse taste buds and taste cells, conducted functional imaging using Fura-2, and used cellular biosensors to monitor taste-evoked transmitter release. The findings showed that a subset of Presynaptic (Type III) taste cells (53%) responded to 0.1 μm CGRP with an increase in intracellular Ca(2+). In contrast, Receptor (Type II) taste cells rarely (4%) responded to 0.1 μm CGRP. Using pharmacological tools, the actions of CGRP were probed and elucidated by the CGRP receptor antagonist CGRP(8-37). We demonstrated that this effect of CGRP was dependent on phospholipase C activation and was prevented by the inhibitor U73122. Moreover, applying CGRP caused taste buds to secrete serotonin (5-HT), a Presynaptic (Type III) cell transmitter, but not ATP, a Receptor (Type II) cell transmitter. Further, our previous studies showed that 5-HT released from Presynaptic (Type III) cells provides negative paracrine feedback onto Receptor (Type II) cells by activating 5-HT1A receptors, and reducing ATP secretion. Our data showed that CGRP-evoked 5-HT release reduced taste-evoked ATP secretion. The findings are consistent with a role for CGRP as an inhibitory transmitter that shapes peripheral taste signals via serotonergic signaling during processing gustatory information in taste buds. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The taste sensation is initiated with a highly complex set of interactions between a variety of cells located within the taste buds before signal propagation to the brain. Afferent signals from the oral cavity are carried to the brain in chemosensory fibers that contribute to chemesthesis, the general chemical sensitivity of the mucus membranes in the oronasal cavities and being perceived as pungency, irritation, or heat. This is a study of a fundamental question in neurobiology: how are signals processed in sensory end organs, taste buds? More specifically, taste-modifying interactions, via transmitters, between gustatory and chemosensory afferents inside taste buds will help explain how a coherent output is formed before being transmitted to the brain.
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Marina S, Anna-Lila K, Benjamin M, Raquel L, Komisarczuk AZ, Alejo RS, Adrien J, Alicia L, Nicolas T, Shinji O, Keiko A, Becker TS, Marika K. Diversity in cell motility reveals the dynamic nature of the formation of zebrafish taste sensory organs. Development 2016; 143:2012-24. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.134817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Taste buds are sensory organs in jawed vertebrates, composed of distinct cell types that detect and transduce specific taste qualities. Taste bud cells differentiate from oropharyngeal epithelial progenitors localized mainly in proximity of the forming organs. Despite recent progress in elucidating the molecular interactions required for taste bud cell development and function, the cell behaviour underlying the organ assembly is poorly defined. Here, we used time-lapse imaging to observe the formation of taste buds in live zebrafish larvae. We found that tg(fgf8a.dr17) expressing cells form taste buds and get rearranged within the forming organs. In addition, differentiating cells move from the epithelium to the forming organs and can be displaced between developing organs. During organ formation, taste bud tg(fgf8a.dr17) and Type-II cells are displaced in random, directed or confined mode relative to the taste bud they join or are maintained. Finally, ascl1a activity in the 5-HT/Type-III cell is required to direct and maintain tg(fgf8a.dr17) expressing cells into the taste bud. We propose diversity in displacement modes of differentiating cells as a key mechanism for the highly dynamic process of taste bud assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soulika Marina
- IBENS, Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS UMR8197, INSERM U1024, Paris, France
| | - Kaushik Anna-Lila
- IBENS, Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS UMR8197, INSERM U1024, Paris, France
| | - Mathieu Benjamin
- IBENS, Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS UMR8197, INSERM U1024, Paris, France
| | - Lourenço Raquel
- IBENS, Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS UMR8197, INSERM U1024, Paris, France
| | - Anna Z. Komisarczuk
- Developmental Neurobiology and Genomics, Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Jouary Adrien
- IBENS, Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS UMR8197, INSERM U1024, Paris, France
| | - Lardennois Alicia
- IBENS, Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS UMR8197, INSERM U1024, Paris, France
| | - Tissot Nicolas
- Institut Jacques Monod, CNRS UMR7592, University Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Okada Shinji
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Abe Keiko
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Thomas S. Becker
- Developmental Neurobiology and Genomics, Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Kapsimali Marika
- IBENS, Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS UMR8197, INSERM U1024, Paris, France
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