301
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Gu Z, Li L, Tang S, Liu C, Fu X, Shi Z, Mao H. Metabolomics Reveals that Crossbred Dairy Buffaloes Are More Thermotolerant than Holstein Cows under Chronic Heat Stress. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:12889-12897. [PMID: 30472851 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b02862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Heat stress (HS) threatens the worldwide dairy industry by decreasing animal production performance and health. Holstein cows and dairy buffaloes are the most important dairy animals, but their differences in the metabolic mechanism of thermotolerance remain elusive. In this study, we used serum metabolomics to evaluate the differences in thermotolerance between Holstein cows and crossbred dairy buffaloes under chronic heat stress (HS) and thermal-neutral conditions. In response to HS, the body temperatures and respiratory rates were increased more for Holstein cows than for dairy buffaloes (38.78 vs 38.24 °C, p < 0.001; 43.6 vs 32.5 breaths/min, p < 0.001). HS greatly affected serum metabolites associated with amino acids, fatty acids, and bile acids. The enriched metabolic pathways of these serum metabolites are closely related to HS. We demonstrated that buffaloes adapt to HS by adopting a metabolism of branched-chain amino acids and ketogenic amino acids and gluconeogenesis, but Holstein cows decrease the effect of HS with citrulline and proline metabolism. Both physiological parameters and serum metabolic profiles indicate that dairy buffaloes are more thermotolerant than Holstein cows, providing the feasibility to vigorously develop the buffalo dairy industry in tropical and subtropical regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaobing Gu
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology , Yunnan Agricultural University , Kunming 650201 , China
| | - Lin Li
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology , Yunnan Agricultural University , Kunming 650201 , China
| | - Shoukun Tang
- Bureau of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine , Mangshi 678499 , China
| | - Chuanbin Liu
- Bureau of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine , Mangshi 678499 , China
| | - Xianhai Fu
- Bureau of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine , Mangshi 678499 , China
| | - Zhengxiang Shi
- Department of Agricultural Structure and Bioenvironmental Engineering, College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100083 , China
| | - Huaming Mao
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology , Yunnan Agricultural University , Kunming 650201 , China
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science , Kunming 650201 , China
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302
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Zhang F, Zheng W, Xue Y, Yao W. Suhuai suckling piglet hindgut microbiome-metabolome responses to different dietary copper levels. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2018; 103:853-868. [PMID: 30535578 PMCID: PMC6373200 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9533-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Unabsorbed copper accumulates in the hindgut of pigs that consume high levels of dietary copper, which enhances the coselection of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and is considered detrimental to the environment and to porcine health. In our study, a combination of 16S rRNA pyrosequencing and nontargeted metabolomics was used to investigate the microbiome-metabolome responses to dietary copper levels in the hindgut of suckling piglets. The results showed that the dietary copper level affected the abundance of several Clostridia genera and that the relative abundance of butyrate-producing bacteria, such as Coprococcus, Roseburia, and Acidaminococcus, was reduced in the 300 mg kg−1 (high) Cu group. Metabolomic analysis revealed that dietary copper levels affected protein and carbohydrate metabolites, protein biosynthesis, the urea cycle, galactose metabolism, gluconeogenesis, and amino acid metabolism (including the metabolism of arginine, proline, β-alanine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, and methionine). Furthermore, Pearson’s correlation analysis showed that the abundance levels of Coprococcus (family Lachnospiraceae) and operational taxonomic unit (OTU) 18 (family Ruminococcaceae) were positively correlated with energy metabolism pathways (gluconeogenesis, glycolysis, and the pentose phosphate pathway). The abundance of Streptococcus was negatively correlated with amino acid metabolism pathways (protein biosynthesis, glycine, serine, threonine, methionine, phenylalanine, and tyrosine metabolism), and OTU583 and OTU1067 (family Rikenellaceae) were positively correlated with amino acid metabolism pathways. These results suggest that the copper levels consumed by LC (low-copper group) versus HC (high-copper group) animals alter the composition of the gut microbiota and modulate microbial metabolic pathways, which may further affect the health of suckling piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.,College of Agriculture, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Weijiang Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yongqiang Xue
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen Yao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China. .,Key Lab of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing, China.
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303
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Roques S, Deborde C, Richard N, Sergent L, Kurz F, Skiba-Cassy S, Fauconneau B, Moing A. Characterizing alternative feeds for rainbow trout (O. mykiss) by 1H NMR metabolomics. Metabolomics 2018; 14:155. [PMID: 30830467 PMCID: PMC6267160 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-018-1454-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Fish feed formulations are constantly evolving to improve the quality of diets for farmed fish and to ensure the sustainability of the aquaculture sector. Nowadays, insect, microalgae and yeast are feedstuff candidates for new feeds. However, the characterization of aquafeed is still based on proximate and targeted analyses which may not be sufficient to assess feed quality. OBJECTIVES Our aim was to highlight the soluble compounds that specifically differ between selected plant-based feeds complemented with alternative feedstuffs and discuss their origin and potential for fish nutrition. METHODS A growth trial was carried out to evaluate growth performances and feed conversion ratios of fish fed plant-based, commercial, insect, spirulina and yeast feeds. 1H NMR metabolomics profiling of each feed was performed using a CPMG sequence on polar extracts. Spectra were processed, and data were analyzed using multivariate and univariate analyses to compare alternative feeds to a plant-based feed. RESULTS Fish fed insect or yeast feed showed the best growth performances associated with the lowest feed conversion ratios compared to plant-based feed. Soluble compound 1H NMR profiles of insect and spirulina alternative feeds differed significantly from the plant-based one that clustered with yeast feed. In insect and spirulina feeds, specific differences compared to plant-based feed concerned glycerol and 3-hydroxybutyrate, respectively. CONCLUSION This strategy based on compositional differences between plant-based and alternative feeds can be useful for detecting compounds unsuspected until now that could impact fish metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Roques
- INRA, Univ Pau & Pays Adour, E2S UPPA, UMR 1419, Nutrition Métabolisme, Aquaculture, 64310 Saint Pée sur Nivelle, France
- Phileo Lesaffre Animal Care, 59700 Marcq-en-Baroeul, France
- Bordeaux Metabolome Facility, MetaboHUB, CGFB, Centre INRA de Nouvelle Aquitaine Bordeaux, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Catherine Deborde
- Bordeaux Metabolome Facility, MetaboHUB, CGFB, Centre INRA de Nouvelle Aquitaine Bordeaux, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
- INRA, Univ. Bordeaux, UMR 1332 Fruit Biology and Pathology, Centre INRA de Nouvelle Aquitaine Bordeaux, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Nadège Richard
- Phileo Lesaffre Animal Care, 59700 Marcq-en-Baroeul, France
| | | | - Francis Kurz
- Algae Natural Food, 67400 Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Sandrine Skiba-Cassy
- INRA, Univ Pau & Pays Adour, E2S UPPA, UMR 1419, Nutrition Métabolisme, Aquaculture, 64310 Saint Pée sur Nivelle, France
| | - Benoît Fauconneau
- INRA, Univ Pau & Pays Adour, E2S UPPA, UMR 1419, Nutrition Métabolisme, Aquaculture, 64310 Saint Pée sur Nivelle, France
| | - Annick Moing
- Bordeaux Metabolome Facility, MetaboHUB, CGFB, Centre INRA de Nouvelle Aquitaine Bordeaux, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
- INRA, Univ. Bordeaux, UMR 1332 Fruit Biology and Pathology, Centre INRA de Nouvelle Aquitaine Bordeaux, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
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304
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Bahadorani M, Tavalaee M, Abedpoor N, Ghaedi K, Nazem MN, Nasr-Esfahani MH. Effects of branched-chain amino acid supplementation and/or aerobic exercise on mouse sperm quality and testosterone production. Andrologia 2018; 51:e13183. [DOI: 10.1111/and.13183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Revised: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Marziyeh Tavalaee
- Department of Reproductive Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center; Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR; Isfahan Iran
| | - Navid Abedpoor
- Department of Cellular Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center; Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR; Isfahan Iran
| | - Kamran Ghaedi
- Department of Cellular Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center; Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR; Isfahan Iran
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences; University of Isfahan; Isfahan Iran
| | - Mohammad N. Nazem
- Department of Basic Science, School of Veterinary Medicine; Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman; Kerman Iran
| | - Mohammad H. Nasr-Esfahani
- Department of Reproductive Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center; Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR; Isfahan Iran
- Isfahan Fertility and Infertility Center; Isfahan Iran
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305
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Shivakumar N, Minocha S, Kurpad AV. Protein quality & amino acid requirements in relation to needs in India. Indian J Med Res 2018; 148:557-568. [PMID: 30666983 PMCID: PMC6366268 DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.ijmr_1688_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The relevance of protein and its constituent amino acids (AAs) in the structure and function of the human body is well known. Accumulating evidence has conferred specific functional and regulatory roles for individual AAs, adding relevance to their requirements across different age groups. The methods for measuring AA requirements have progressed from the classical nitrogen balance to the current stable isotope-based AA balance methods. Requirements of most of the indispensable AA (IAA) have been estimated in healthy Indian population by the best available balance method and has shown to be higher than earlier 1985 WHO/FAO/UNU (World Health Organization/Food and Agriculture Organization/United Nations University) recommendations. In addition, potential changes in the requirement, through adaptation to chronic undernutrition or to infection, have also been evaluated. In 2007, the WHO/FAO/UNU released a recommendation that increased the daily IAA requirement, based on primary evidence from Indian balance studies. This meant that to ensure that the new IAA requirements were met, individual foods or mixed diets needed to be assessed for their protein quality, or their ability to deliver the required amount of IAA. The recent FAO report on protein quality evaluation recommends the use of a new chemical AA score, the digestible IAA score (DIAAS), to replace the earlier protein digestibility corrected AA score. The DIAAS requires the determination of individual AA digestibility at the ileal level. A minimally invasive dual stable isotope tracer-based approach has been developed in India and has been used to determine digestibility of various foods in Indian adults and children. The increase in IAA requirements and subsequent protein quality requirements have implications for national regulatory frameworks, growth and development, and in turn, for economic and agricultural policy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sumedha Minocha
- Division of Nutrition, St. John's Research Institute, Bengaluru, India
| | - Anura V. Kurpad
- Department of Physiology, St. John's Medical College, Bengaluru, India
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306
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Thoen RU, Barther NN, Schemitt E, Bona S, Fernandes S, Coral G, Marroni NP, Tovo C, Guedes RP, Porawski M. Zinc supplementation reduces diet-induced obesity and improves insulin sensitivity in rats. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2018; 44:580-586. [PMID: 30339765 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2018-0519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Rates of obesity have been growing at alarming rates, compromising the health of the world population. Thus, the search for interventions that address the metabolic repercussions of obesity are necessary. Here we evaluated the metabolic and antioxidant effects of zinc and branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) supplementation on obese rats. Male Wistar rats were fed either a high-fat/high-fructose diet (HFD) or a standard diet (SD) for 19 weeks. From the fifteenth week until the end of the experiment, HFD- and SD-fed rats received zinc (6 mg/kg) or BCAA (750 mg/kg) supplementation. Body weight, abdominal fat, lipid profile, blood glucose, insulin, leptin, and hepatic transaminases were evaluated. In the liver, superoxide dismutase and catalase activities and lipid peroxidation were also analyzed. HFD-fed animals showed increased weight gain, abdominal fat pad, plasma insulin, leptin, and triglycerides levels in comparison with SD-fed rats. Zinc supplementation reduced all these parameters, suggesting a beneficial role for the treatment of obesity. BCAA, on the other hand, did not show any beneficial effect. Liver antioxidant enzymes and hepatic transaminases plasma levels did not change among groups. Lipid peroxidation was higher in HFD-fed rats and was not reverted by zinc or BCAA supplementation. In conclusion, zinc supplementation may be a useful strategy for the treatment of the metabolic dysfunction associated with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rutiane Ullmann Thoen
- a Postgraduate Program in Medicine: Hepatology, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Nathaniele Nebel Barther
- a Postgraduate Program in Medicine: Hepatology, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Elizângela Schemitt
- b Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS 90035-007, Brazil
| | - Sílvia Bona
- b Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS 90035-007, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Fernandes
- a Postgraduate Program in Medicine: Hepatology, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Coral
- a Postgraduate Program in Medicine: Hepatology, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Norma Possa Marroni
- b Postgraduate Program in Medical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS 90035-007, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Tovo
- a Postgraduate Program in Medicine: Hepatology, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Renata Padilha Guedes
- c Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Rua Sarmento Leite, 245, Porto Alegre, RS 90050-170, Brazil.,d Postgraduate Program in Biosciences, UFCSPA, Porto Alegre, RS 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Marilene Porawski
- a Postgraduate Program in Medicine: Hepatology, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS 90050-170, Brazil.,d Postgraduate Program in Biosciences, UFCSPA, Porto Alegre, RS 90050-170, Brazil
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307
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Prodhan UK, Milan AM, Thorstensen EB, Barnett MPG, Stewart RAH, Benatar JR, Cameron-Smith D. Altered Dairy Protein Intake Does Not Alter Circulatory Branched Chain Amino Acids in Healthy Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10101510. [PMID: 30326639 PMCID: PMC6213722 DOI: 10.3390/nu10101510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dairy, as a major component of a high protein diet, is a critical dietary source of branched chain amino acids (BCAA), which are biomarkers of health and diseases. While BCAA are known to be key stimulators of protein synthesis, elevated circulatory BCAA is an independent risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus. This study examined the impact of altered dairy intake on plasma BCAA and their potential relationship to insulin sensitivity. Healthy adults (n = 102) were randomized to receive dietary advice to reduce, maintain, or increase habitual dairy intake for 1 month. Food intake was recorded with food frequency questionnaires. Self-reported protein intake from dairy was reported to be reduced (−14.6 ± 3.0 g/day), maintained (−4.0 ± 2.0 g/day) or increased (+13.8 ± 4.1 g/day) according to group allocation. No significant alterations in circulating free amino acids (AA), including BCAA, were measured. Insulin sensitivity, as assessed by homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), was also unaltered. A significant change in dairy protein intake showed no significant effect on fasting circulatory BCAA and insulin sensitivity in healthy populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Utpal K Prodhan
- Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1023, New Zealand.
- Department of Food Technology and Nutritional Science, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail 1902, Bangladesh.
- Riddet Institute, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
| | - Amber M Milan
- Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1023, New Zealand.
| | - Eric B Thorstensen
- Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1023, New Zealand.
| | - Matthew P G Barnett
- Riddet Institute, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
- Food Nutrition & Health Team, AgResearch Limited, Private Bag 11008, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
- The High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland-1023, New Zealand.
| | - Ralph A H Stewart
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1023, New Zealand.
- Green Lane Cardiovascular Service, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland 1030, New Zealand.
| | - Jocelyn R Benatar
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1023, New Zealand.
- Green Lane Cardiovascular Service, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland 1030, New Zealand.
| | - David Cameron-Smith
- Liggins Institute, The University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1023, New Zealand.
- Riddet Institute, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
- Food & Bio-Based Products Group, AgResearch Limited, Private Bag 11008, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand.
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308
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Elsabagh M, Ishikake M, Sakamoto Y, Haruno A, Miura M, Fujieda T, Obitsu T, Sugino T. Postruminal supply of amino acids enhances ghrelin secretion and lipid metabolism in feed-deprived sheep. Anim Sci J 2018; 89:1663-1672. [DOI: 10.1111/asj.13114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mabrouk Elsabagh
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science; Hiroshima University; Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima Japan
- Department of Nutrition and Clinical Nutrition; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Kafrelsheikh University; Kafr El-Sheikh Egypt
| | - Motomi Ishikake
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science; Hiroshima University; Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima Japan
| | | | | | | | | | - Taketo Obitsu
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science; Hiroshima University; Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima Japan
| | - Toshihisa Sugino
- Graduate School of Biosphere Science; Hiroshima University; Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima Japan
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309
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Xiao C, Zhou F, Zhao M, Su G, Sun B. Chicken breast muscle hydrolysates ameliorate acute alcohol-induced liver injury in mice through alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activation and oxidative stress reduction. Food Funct 2018; 9:774-784. [PMID: 29309081 DOI: 10.1039/c7fo01387f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the ameliorative effect of chicken breast muscle hydrolysates (CBMHs) against acute alcohol-induced liver injury was investigated and its probable mechanism was further elucidated. In vitro studies clearly showed that CBMHs are able to activate alcohol metabolic enzymes (i.e. alcohol dehydrogenase, ADH) in an exponential manner. Meanwhile, an in vivo experiment on male NIH mice indicated that the oral administration of CBMHs (150, 300 and 600 mg per kg bw) 30 min prior to acute alcohol ingestion could significantly promote alcohol metabolism as revealed by the reduced duration of the loss of righting reflex (LORR) and the enhanced activity of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) in the liver, the latter accelerating alcohol oxidation and therefore the decreased blood alcohol concentration (BAC) level. Pretreatment with CBMHs significantly decreased the elevations of serum aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) after alcohol administration. CBMHs could also retard lipid peroxidation as revealed by the suppressed malondialdehyde (MDA) level and simultaneously enhance the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in liver tissue. Furthermore, increased histological damage and higher (p < 0.05) hepatic triglyceride (TG) contents in acute alcoholic-diet fed mice were also reduced (p < 0.05) by supplementing with CBMHs. These benefits clearly suggested that CBMHs could be a potential nutraceutical to facilitate alcohol metabolism and prevent or ameliorate early liver injury induced by acute alcohol exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuqiao Xiao
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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310
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Wang Y, Zhou J, Wang G, Cai S, Zeng X, Qiao S. Advances in low-protein diets for swine. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2018; 9:60. [PMID: 30034802 PMCID: PMC6052556 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-018-0276-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent years have witnessed the great advantages of reducing dietary crude protein (CP) with free amino acids (AA) supplementation for sustainable swine industry, including saving protein ingredients, reducing nitrogen excretion, feed costs and the risk of gut disorders without impairing growth performance compared to traditional diets. However, a tendency toward increased fatness is a matter of concern when pigs are fed low-protein (LP) diets. In response, the use of the net energy system and balanced AA for formulation of LP diets has been proposed as a solution. Moreover, the extent to which dietary CP can be reduced is complicated. Meanwhile, the requirements for the first five limiting AA (lysine, threonine, sulfur-containing AA, tryptophan, and valine) that growing-finishing pigs fed LP diets were higher than pigs fed traditional diets, because the need for nitrogen for endogenous synthesis of non-essential AA to support protein synthesis may be increased when dietary CP is lowered. Overall, to address these concerns and give a better understanding of this nutritional strategy, this paper reviews recent advances in the study of LP diets for swine and provides some insights into future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuming Wang
- 1State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China.,2Beijing Key Laboratory of Biological Feed Additive, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Junyan Zhou
- 1State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China.,2Beijing Key Laboratory of Biological Feed Additive, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Gang Wang
- 1State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China.,2Beijing Key Laboratory of Biological Feed Additive, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Shuang Cai
- 1State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China.,2Beijing Key Laboratory of Biological Feed Additive, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Xiangfang Zeng
- 1State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China.,2Beijing Key Laboratory of Biological Feed Additive, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Shiyan Qiao
- 1State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China.,2Beijing Key Laboratory of Biological Feed Additive, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193 China
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311
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Bakhtiarizadeh MR, Rahimi M, Mohammadi-Sangcheshmeh A, Shariati J V, Salami SA. PrESOgenesis: A two-layer multi-label predictor for identifying fertility-related proteins using support vector machine and pseudo amino acid composition approach. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9025. [PMID: 29899414 PMCID: PMC5998058 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27338-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful spermatogenesis and oogenesis are the two genetically independent processes preceding embryo development. To date, several fertility-related proteins have been described in mammalian species. Nevertheless, further studies are required to discover more proteins associated with the development of germ cells and embryogenesis in order to shed more light on the processes. This work builds on our previous software (OOgenesis_Pred), mainly focusing on algorithms beyond what was previously done, in particular new fertility-related proteins and their classes (embryogenesis, spermatogenesis and oogenesis) based on the support vector machine according to the concept of Chou's pseudo-amino acid composition features. The results of five-fold cross validation, as well as the independent test demonstrated that this method is capable of predicting the fertility-related proteins and their classes with accuracy of more than 80%. Moreover, by using feature selection methods, important properties of fertility-related proteins were identified that allowed for their accurate classification. Based on the proposed method, a two-layer classifier software, named as "PrESOgenesis" ( https://github.com/mrb20045/PrESOgenesis ) was developed. The tool identified a query sequence (protein or transcript) as fertility or non-fertility-related protein at the first layer and then classified the predicted fertility-related protein into different classes of embryogenesis, spermatogenesis or oogenesis at the second layer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maryam Rahimi
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, College of Aburaihan, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Vahid Shariati J
- Genome Center, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
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312
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Sammugam L, Pasupuleti VR. Balanced diets in food systems: Emerging trends and challenges for human health. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 59:2746-2759. [PMID: 29693412 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1468729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Processed foods, generally known as modified raw foods produced by innovative processing technologies alters the food constituents such natural enzymes, fatty acids, micronutrients, macronutrients and vitamins. In contrast to fresh and unprocessed foods, processed foods are guaranteed to be safer, imperishable, long lasting and consist high level of nutrients bioactivity. Currently, the evolution in food processing technologies is necessary to face food security and safety, nutrition demand, its availability and also other global challenges in the food system. In this scenario, this review consists of information on two food processing technologies, which effects on processed foods before and after processing and the impact of food products on human health. It is also very well established that understanding the type and structure of foods to be processed can assist food processing industries towards advancement of novel food products. In connection with this fact, the present article also discusses the emerging trends and possible modifications in food processing technologies with the combination of conventional and modern techniques to get the suitable nutritional and safety qualities in food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakhsmi Sammugam
- Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan , Campus Jeli, Jeli , Malaysia
| | - Visweswara Rao Pasupuleti
- Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan , Campus Jeli, Jeli , Malaysia.,Institute of Food Security and Sustainable Agriculture, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan , Campus Jeli, Jeli , Malaysia
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313
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Dong X, Zhou Z, Wang L, Saremi B, Helmbrecht A, Wang Z, Loor J. Increasing the availability of threonine, isoleucine, valine, and leucine relative to lysine while maintaining an ideal ratio of lysine:methionine alters mammary cellular metabolites, mammalian target of rapamycin signaling, and gene transcription. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:5502-5514. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-13707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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314
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Peng ML, Li SN, He QQ, Zhao JL, Li LL, Ma HT. Based serum metabolomics analysis reveals simultaneous interconnecting changes during chicken embryonic development. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2018; 102:1210-1219. [PMID: 29806083 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic disorder is a major health problem and is associated with a number of metabolic diseases. Due to native hyperglycaemia and resistance to exogenous insulin, chickens as a model had used in the studies of adipose tissue biology, metabolism and obesity. But no detailed information is available about the comprehensive changes of serum metabolites at different stages of chicken embryonic development. This study employed LC/MS-QTOF to determine the changes of major functional metabolites at incubation day 14 (E14d), 19 (E19d) and hatching day 1 (H1d), and the associated pathways of differential metabolites during chicken embryonic development were analysed using Metabolite Set Enrichment Analysis method. Results showed that 39 metabolites were significantly changed from E14d to E19d and 68 metabolites were significantly altered from E19d to H1d in chicken embryos. Protein synthesis was promoted by increasing the concentrations of L-glutamine and threonine, and gonadal development was promoted through increasing oestrone content from E14d to E19d in chicken embryos, which indicated that serum glutamine, threonine and oestrone contents may be considered as the candidate indicators for assessment of early embryonic development. 2-oxoglutaric acid mainly contributed to enhancing the citric cycle, and it plays an important role in improving the growth of chicken embryos at the late development; the decreasing of L-glutamine, L-isoleucine and L-leucine contents from E19d to H1d in chicken embryonic development implied their possible functions as the feed additive during early posthatch period of broiler chickens to satisfy the growth. These results provided insights into understand the roles of serum metabolites at different developmental stages of chicken embryos, it also provides available information for chicken as a model to study metabolic disease or human obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Peng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - S N Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Q Q He
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - J L Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - L L Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - H T Ma
- Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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315
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Bou Nemer L, Shi H, Carr BR, Word RA, Bukulmez O. Effect of Body Weight on Metabolic Hormones and Fatty Acid Metabolism in Follicular Fluid of Women Undergoing In Vitro Fertilization: A Pilot Study. Reprod Sci 2018; 26:404-411. [PMID: 29779472 DOI: 10.1177/1933719118776787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Obesity is an epidemic affecting more than one-third of adults in the United States. Obese women experience decreased fertility, explained in part by oocyte quality. Since follicular fluid (FF) provides an important microenvironment for oocyte growth, we sought to evaluate the effect of increased body weight on FF levels of 11 metabolic hormones and fatty acid metabolism. METHODS The FF was collected from 25 women (10 normal weight, 10 overweight, and 5 obese) with diminished ovarian reserve undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) following a minimal stimulation protocol. Hormone levels were determined by multiplex immunoassay using the MAGPIX (Luminex, Austin, Texas) instrument. Fatty acid metabolites were determined using gas and ultra-high pressure liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. RESULTS Levels of hormones related to glucose and energy homeostasis and regulation of fat stores (insulin, glucagon, glucagon-like peptide-1, C-peptide, and leptin) were increased significantly in FF from obese women compared to FF from nonobese(normal weight and overweight) women. Interestingly, FF levels of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) isoleucine, leucine, and valine as well as uric acid, isocaproic acid, butanoic acid, tyrosine, threonine, glycine, and methionine correlated positively with body mass index. CONCLUSION This pilot study demonstrates significant alterations in the FF milieu of obese women undergoing IVF, which may contribute to the decreased fecundity of obese women. Although the impact of this environment on oocyte and embryo development is not fully realized, these changes may also lead to imprinting at the genomic level and long-term sequelae on offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurice Bou Nemer
- 1 Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility and the Cecil H and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biological Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Haolin Shi
- 1 Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility and the Cecil H and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biological Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Bruce Richard Carr
- 1 Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility and the Cecil H and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biological Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ruth Ann Word
- 1 Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility and the Cecil H and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biological Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Orhan Bukulmez
- 1 Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility and the Cecil H and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biological Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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316
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Holeček M. Branched-chain amino acids in health and disease: metabolism, alterations in blood plasma, and as supplements. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2018; 15:33. [PMID: 29755574 PMCID: PMC5934885 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-018-0271-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 376] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs; valine, leucine, and isoleucine) are essential amino acids with protein anabolic properties, which have been studied in a number of muscle wasting disorders for more than 50 years. However, until today, there is no consensus regarding their therapeutic effectiveness. In the article is demonstrated that the crucial roles in BCAA metabolism play: (i) skeletal muscle as the initial site of BCAA catabolism accompanied with the release of alanine and glutamine to the blood; (ii) activity of branched-chain keto acid dehydrogenase (BCKD); and (iii) amination of branched-chain keto acids (BCKAs) to BCAAs. Enhanced consumption of BCAA for ammonia detoxification to glutamine in muscles is the cause of decreased BCAA levels in liver cirrhosis and urea cycle disorders. Increased BCKD activity is responsible for enhanced oxidation of BCAA in chronic renal failure, trauma, burn, sepsis, cancer, phenylbutyrate-treated subjects, and during exercise. Decreased BCKD activity is the main cause of increased BCAA levels and BCKAs in maple syrup urine disease, and plays a role in increased BCAA levels in diabetes type 2 and obesity. Increased BCAA concentrations during brief starvation and type 1 diabetes are explained by amination of BCKAs in visceral tissues and decreased uptake of BCAA by muscles. The studies indicate beneficial effects of BCAAs and BCKAs in therapy of chronic renal failure. New therapeutic strategies should be developed to enhance effectiveness and avoid adverse effects of BCAA on ammonia production in subjects with liver cirrhosis and urea cycle disorders. Further studies are needed to elucidate the effects of BCAA supplementation in burn, trauma, sepsis, cancer and exercise. Whether increased BCAA levels only markers are or also contribute to insulin resistance should be known before the decision is taken regarding their suitability in obese subjects and patients with type 2 diabetes. It is concluded that alterations in BCAA metabolism have been found common in a number of disease states and careful studies are needed to elucidate their therapeutic effectiveness in most indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Holeček
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Simkova 870, 500 03, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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317
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Abstract
Branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) have increasingly been studied as playing a role in diabetes, with the PubMed search string "diabetes" AND "branched chain amino acids" showing particular growth in studies of the topic over the past decade (Fig. ). In the Young Finn's Study, BCAA and, to a lesser extent, the aromatic amino acids phenylalanine and tyrosine were associated with insulin resistance (IR) in men but not in women, whereas the gluconeogenic amino acids alanine, glutamine, or glycine, and several other amino acids (i.e. histidine, arginine, and tryptophan) did not show an association with IR. Obesity may track more strongly than metabolic syndrome and diabetes with elevated BCAA. In a study of 1302 people aged 40-79; higher levels of BCAA tracked with older age, male sex, and metabolic syndrome, as well as with obesity, cardiovascular risk, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and uric acid. Medium- and long-chain acylcarnitines, by-products of mitochondrial catabolism of BCAAs, as well as branched-chain keto acids and the BCAA themselves distinguished obese people having versus not having features of IR, and in a study of 898 patients with essential hypertension, the BCAA and tyrosine and phenylalanine were associated with metabolic syndrome and impaired fasting glucose. In a meta-analysis of three genome-wide association studies, elevations in BCAA and, to a lesser extent, in alanine tracked with IR, whereas higher levels of glutamine and glycine were associated with lesser likelihood of IR. Given these associations with IR, it is not surprising that a number of studies have shown higher BCAA levels in people with and prior to development of type 2 diabetes (T2D), although this has particularly been shown in Caucasian and Asian ethnic groups while not appearing to occur in African Americans. Similarly, higher BCAA levels track with cardiovascular disease. [Figure: see text] The metabolism of BCAA involves two processes: (i) a reversible process catalysed by a branched-chain aminotransferase (BCAT), either cytosolic or mitochondrial, requiring pyridoxal to function as an amino group carrier, by which the BCAA with 2-ketoglutarate produce a branched-chain keto acid plus glutamate; and (ii) the irreversible mitochondrial process catalysed by branched-chain keto acid dehydrogenase (BCKDH) leading to formation of acetyl-coenzyme A (CoA), propionyl-CoA, and 2-methylbutyryl-CoA from leucine, valine, and isoleucine, respectively, which enter the tricarboxylic acid (Krebs) cycle as acetyl-CoA, propionyl-CoA, and 2-methylbutyryl-CoA, respectively, leading to ATP formation. The BCAA stimulate secretion of both insulin and glucagon and, when given orally, of both glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), with oral administration leading to greater and more prolonged insulin and glucagon secretion. Insulin may particularly reduce BCAA turnover to a greater extent than that of other amino acids, and decreases the appearance and increases the uptake of amino acids. However, older studies of the effect of glucose or insulin on BCAA concentrations and rates of leucine appearance and oxidation showed no reduction in T2D, although the higher baseline levels of BCAA in obesity have long been recognized. Impaired function of BCAT and BCKDH has been posited, either as a primary genetic abnormality or due to effects of elevated fatty acids, proinflammatory cytokines, or insulin levels with consequent accumulation of branched-chain keto acids and metabolites such as diacylglycerol and ceramide, potentially contributing to the development of further insulin resistance, and decreased skeletal muscle BCAT and BCKDH expression has been shown in people with diabetes, supporting this concept. A Mendelian randomization study used measured variation in genes involved in BCAA metabolism to test the hypothesis of a causal effect of modifiable exposure on IR, showing that variants in protein phosphatase, Mg2+ /Mn2+ dependent 1K (PPM1K), a gene encoding the mitochondrial phosphatase activating the BCKDH complex, are associated with T2D, but another such study suggested that genetic variations associated with IR are causally related to higher BCAA levels. Another hypothesis involves the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1), which is activated by BCAA, as well as by insulin and glucose via cellular ATP availability. If this is the relevant pathway, BCAA overload may cause insulin resistance by activation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), as well as by leading to increases in acylcarnitines, with mTOR seen in this scenario as a central signal of cross-talk between the BCAA and insulin. At this point, whether whole-body or tissue-specific BCAA metabolism is increased or decreased in states of insulin-resistant obesity and T2D is uncertain. Insulin action in the hypothalamus induces but overfeeding decreases hepatic BCKDH, leading to the concept that hypothalamic insulin resistance impairs BCAA metabolism in obesity and diabetes, so that plasma BCAAs may be markers of hypothalamic insulin action rather than direct mediators of changes in IR. A way to address this may be to understand the effects of changes in diet and other interventions on BCAA, as well as on IR and T2D. In an animal model, lowering dietary BCAA increased energy expenditure and improved insulin sensitivity. Two large human population studies showed an association of estimated dietary BCAA intake with T2D risk, although another population study showed higher dietary BCAA to be associated with lower T2D risk. Ethnic differences, reflecting underlying differences in genetic variants, may be responsible for such differences. In the study of Asghari et al. in the current issue of the Journal of Diabetes, BCAA intake was associated with the development of subsequent IR. Studies of bariatric surgery suggest lower basal and post-insulin infusion BCAA levels are associated with greater insulin sensitivity, with reductions in BCAA not seen with weight loss per se with gastric band procedures, but occurring after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, an intervention that may have metabolic benefits over and above those from reduction in body weight. The gut microbiota may be important for the supply of the BCAA to mammalian hosts, either by de novo biosynthesis or by modifying nutrient absorption. A final fascinating preliminary set of observations is that of the effects of empagliflozin on metabolomics; evidence of increased Krebs cycle activation and of higher levels of BCAA metabolites, such as acylcarnitines, suggests that sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibition may, to some extent, involve BCAA metabolism. Certainly, we do not yet have a full understanding of these complex associations. However, the suggestion of multiple roles of BCAA in the development of IR promises to be important and to lead to the development of novel effective T2D therapies.
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318
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Wang CX, Chen F, Zhang WF, Zhang SH, Shi K, Song HQ, Wang YJ, Kim SW, Guan WT. Leucine Promotes the Growth of Fetal Pigs by Increasing Protein Synthesis through the mTOR Signaling Pathway in Longissimus Dorsi Muscle at Late Gestation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:3840-3849. [PMID: 29584425 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b00330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Leucine (Leu) plays an important role in protein synthesis and metabolism. The present study tested whether Leu supplementation in the diet for sows during late pregnancy could improve piglet birth weight, and it also investigated the possible underlying mechanism. Two hundred sows at day 70 of pregnancy were selected and assigned to four groups fed with following four diets until farrowing, respectively: corn and soybean meal-based diet group (CON), CON + 0.40% Leu, CON + 0.80% Leu, and CON + 1.20% Leu. We found that supplementing with 0.80% Leu significantly increased mean piglet birth weight ( P < 0.05). Supplementation with 0.40, 0.80, and 1.20% Leu increased the plasma concentration of Leu, while decreasing the plasma concentrations of valine (Val) and isoleucine (Ile) in both farrowing sows and newborn piglets ( P < 0.05). The protein expressions of amino acid transporters (including LAT1, SNAT1, SNAT2, 4F2hc, and rBAT) in duodenum, jejunum, ileum, longissimus dorsi muscle of newborn piglets, and placenta of sows showed a difference among the CON group and Leu supplemented groups. Expressions of p-mTOR, p-4E-BP1, and p-S6K1 in longissimus dorsi muscle were also enhanced in each of the supplemental Leu groups compared to CON ( P < 0.05). Collectively, these results indicated that 0.40-0.80% Leu supplementation during late gestation enhanced birth weight of fetal pigs by increasing protein synthesis through modulation of the plasma amino acids profile, amino acid transporters expression, and mTOR signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Xian Wang
- College of Animal Science , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642 , China
| | - Fang Chen
- College of Animal Science , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642 , China
| | - Wen-Fei Zhang
- College of Animal Science , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642 , China
| | - Shi-Hai Zhang
- College of Animal Science , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642 , China
| | - Kui Shi
- College of Animal Science , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642 , China
| | - Han-Qing Song
- College of Animal Science , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642 , China
| | - Yi-Jiang Wang
- College of Animal Science , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642 , China
| | - Sung Woo Kim
- Department of Animal Science , North Carolina State University , Raleigh , North Carolina 27695 , United States
| | - Wu-Tai Guan
- College of Animal Science , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou 510642 , China
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319
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Dietary Supplementation of Leucine in Premating Diet Improves the Within-Litter Birth Weight Uniformity, Antioxidative Capability, and Immune Function of Primiparous SD Rats. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:1523147. [PMID: 29850484 PMCID: PMC5932505 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1523147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The high within-litter birth weight variation has become a big issue in multiparous animals. The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of leucine supplementation in premating diet on the reproductive performance, maternal antioxidative capability, and immune function in primiparous rats. Six-week-old female SD rats were assigned to basal diet or 0.6% leucine supplemented diet for two weeks. After mating during the eighth week of age, the rats were fed with regular gestation diet. Maternal blood samples were collected on the day before mating (day −1) and day 7 and day 20 of pregnancy, while ovaries and uteruses were obtained on day −1 and on day 7, respectively. The results indicate that, compared with control group, within-litter birth weight variation was significantly decreased, while birth weights were significantly increased in the leucine group (P < 0.01). Also, leucine improved the embryo distribution uniformity and the number of implantation sites in uterine. The ovarian gene expressions of LHR, CYP19A1, and VEGFA were upregulated, while Mucin-1 was decreased significantly (P < 0.05). Leucine also increased the maternal antioxidant capacity and immune function. Conclusively, leucine supplementation in premating diet could improve the reproductive performance, which could be attributed to the improved oxidative and immune status.
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320
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Bezsudnova EY, Boyko KM, Popov VO. Properties of Bacterial and Archaeal Branched-Chain Amino Acid Aminotransferases. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2018. [PMID: 29523060 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297917130028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Branched-chain amino acid aminotransferases (BCATs) catalyze reversible stereoselective transamination of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) L-leucine, L-isoleucine, and L-valine. BCATs are the key enzymes of BCAA metabolism in all organisms. The catalysis proceeds through the ping-pong mechanism with the assistance of the cofactor pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP). BCATs differ from other (S)-selective transaminases (TAs) in 3D-structure and organization of the PLP-binding domain. Unlike other (S)-selective TAs, BCATs belong to the PLP fold type IV and are characterized by the proton transfer on the re-face of PLP, in contrast to the si-specificity of proton transfer in fold type I (S)-selective TAs. Moreover, BCATs are the only (S)-selective enzymes within fold type IV TAs. Dual substrate recognition in BCATs is implemented via the "lock and key" mechanism without side-chain rearrangements of the active site residues. Another feature of the active site organization in BCATs is the binding of the substrate α-COOH group on the P-side of the active site near the PLP phosphate group. Close localization of two charged groups seems to increase the effectiveness of external aldimine formation in BCAT catalysis. In this review, the structure-function features and the substrate specificity of bacterial and archaeal BCATs are analyzed. These BCATs differ from eukaryotic ones in the wide substrate specificity, optimal temperature, and reactivity toward pyruvate as the second substrate. The prospects of biotechnological application of BCATs in stereoselective synthesis are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Yu Bezsudnova
- Bach Institute of Biochemistry, The Federal Research Centre "Fundamentals of Biotechnology", Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119071, Russia.
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321
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Amino acids metabolism and degradation is regulated during porcine oviductal epithelial cells (OECs) primary culture in vitro – a signaling pathways activation approach. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.2478/acb-2018-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The ovary is part of the reproductive system, possessing very important functions in the reproduction process (ovum and embryo transfer, providing a suitable environment for sperm capacitation, etc.). There are two types of cells in the fallopian tubes: alveolar and secretive cells. These study shows the metabolic processes in pig oviductal epithelial cells associated with the activation of signaling pathways of amino acids metabolism and degradation during long-term in vitro culture. Oviductal epithelial cells from 45 colonies in the anestrous phase of the estrous cycle have been utilized in this study. RNA extract from the OEC primary cultures was pooled after 24h, 7days, 15 days and 30 days from the beginning of culture and the transcriptome investigated by Affymetrix® Porcine Gene 1.1 ST. From the whole transcript that consisted of 2009 different genes, 1537 were upregulated and 995 were downregulated after 7 days of culture, 1471 were upregulated and 1061 were downregulated after 15 days of culture and 1329 were upregulated and 1203 were downregulated after 30 days of culture. The results of these studies provide, for the first time, information on the activation of metabolic pathways of amino acids such as valine, leucine, isoleucine, cysteine, and methionine in the investigated tissue. They also indicate genes that may be OECs-specific genetic markers that are expressed or upregulated during long-term in vitro culture.
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322
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Mabuchi R, Adachi M, Kikutani H, Tanimoto S. Discriminant Analysis of Muscle Tissue Type in Yellowtail Seriola Quinqueradiata Muscle Based on Metabolic Component Profiles. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.24.883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Mabuchi
- Faculty of Human Culture and Science Prefectural University of Hiroshima
| | - Miwako Adachi
- Faculty of Human Culture and Science Prefectural University of Hiroshima
| | - Haruka Kikutani
- Faculty of Human Culture and Science Prefectural University of Hiroshima
| | - Shota Tanimoto
- Faculty of Human Culture and Science Prefectural University of Hiroshima
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323
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Aleksandrova K, Mozaffarian D, Pischon T. Addressing the Perfect Storm: Biomarkers in Obesity and Pathophysiology of Cardiometabolic Risk. Clin Chem 2018; 64:142-153. [DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2017.275172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AbstractBACKGROUNDThe worldwide rise of obesity has provoked intensified research to better understand its pathophysiology as a means for disease prevention. Several biomarkers that may reflect various pathophysiological pathways that link obesity and cardiometabolic diseases have been identified over the past decades.CONTENTWe summarize research evidence regarding the role of established and novel obesity-related biomarkers, focusing on recent epidemiological evidence for detrimental associations with cardiometabolic diseases including obesity-related cancer. The reviewed biomarkers include biomarkers of glucose–insulin homeostasis (insulin, insulin-like growth factors, and C-peptide), adipose tissue biomarkers (adiponectin, omentin, apelin, leptin, resistin, and fatty-acid-binding protein-4), inflammatory biomarkers (C-reactive protein, interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor α), and omics-based biomarkers (metabolites and microRNAs).SUMMARYAlthough the evidence for many classical obesity biomarkers, including adiponectin and C-reactive protein (CRP), in disease etiology has been initially promising, the evidence for a causal role in humans remains limited. Further, there has been little demonstrated ability to improve disease prediction beyond classical risk factors. In the era of “precision medicine,” there is an increasing interest in novel biomarkers, and the extended list of potentially promising biomarkers, such as adipokines, cytokines, metabolites, and microRNAs, implicated in obesity may bring new promise for improved, personalized prevention. To further evaluate the role of obesity-related biomarkers as etiological and early-disease-prediction targets, well-designed studies are needed to evaluate temporal associations, replicate findings, and test clinical utility of novel biomarkers. In particular, studies to determine the therapeutic implications of novel biomarkers beyond established metabolic risk factors are highly warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krasimira Aleksandrova
- Nutrition, Immunity and Metabolism Start-up Lab, Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | | | - Tobias Pischon
- Molecular Epidemiology Research Group, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
- Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- MDC/BIH Biobank, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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324
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Houttu N, Mokkala K, Laitinen K. Overweight and obesity status in pregnant women are related to intestinal microbiota and serum metabolic and inflammatory profiles. Clin Nutr 2017; 37:1955-1966. [PMID: 29338886 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2017.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overweight and obesity may predispose women to clinical complications during their pregnancy. We hypothesize that a higher degree of overweight status is related to a range of aberrations in biomarkers already in early pregnancy. Our objective was to investigate whether intestinal microbiota, serum metabolic and inflammatory profiles differ in relation to the degree of overweight status in pregnant women. METHODS This study investigated 52 overweight and 47 obese pregnant women in early pregnancy. Fecal samples were analyzed for intestinal microbiota composition by 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing and Qiime pipeline. Circulating serum metabolites, including lipids, amino acids and GlycA, a marker of low-grade inflammation, were analyzed by NMR metabolomics and hsCRP was quantified by immunoassay. Serum zonulin levels were analyzed to depict intestinal permeability by Zonulin ELISA kit and LPS activity for endotoxemia by Limulus amebocyte lysate assay. The analyses were adjusted for multiple comparisons using Benjamini-Hochberg procedure for false discovery rate controlling. RESULTS The relative abundance of bacterial family Prevotellaceae (adjusted P = 0.19) and markers of low-grade inflammation, hsCRP (P = 0.0015) and GlycA (P < 0.001) and three branched chain amino acids (isoleucine, adjusted P = 0.024; leucine, adjusted P = 0.026; valine, adjusted P = 0.10) and one aromatic amino acid (phenylalanine, adjusted P = 0.050) and concentrations of several VLDL particles and lipid measures in several VLDL particles were higher in obese pregnant women compared to their overweight pregnant counterparts (adjusted P < 0.12). In contrast, lipid measures in a few HDL particles and many fatty acids were lower in obese compared to overweight pregnant women (adjusted P < 0.12). CONCLUSIONS The detected alterations in intestinal microbiota and metabolic and inflammatory profiles related to obesity status may offer new alternative tools to supplement standard clinical measures to predict the risk for metabolic alterations during the early phase of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noora Houttu
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
| | - Kati Mokkala
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Kirsi Laitinen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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325
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miR-124-3p affects the formation of intramuscular fat through alterations in branched chain amino acid consumption in sheep. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 495:1769-1774. [PMID: 29229387 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.12.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Intramuscular fat is used to determine meat quality in animals; however, factors affecting branched chain amino acid (BCAA) catabolism, which fuels adipogenesis and lipogenesis, remain unclear. To better understand the post-transcriptional influence on BCAA catabolism during adipogenesis, we investigated the role of miR-124-3p. Stromal vascular fraction (SVF) cells were isolated from skeletal muscle of sheep, and induced to differentiate. We determined the roles of miR-124-3p and its predicted target, branched chain keto acid dehydrogenase E1, alpha polypeptide (BCKDHA), in adipogenic differentiation and lipogenesis of SVFs after overexpressing or inhibiting miR-124-3p or BCKDHA, respectively. miR-124-3p altered the luciferase activity of constructs containing 3'-UTR of BCKDHA and the formation of lipid droplets, along with the adipogenic markers and BCAA consumption. Besides, the adipogenic performance and BCAA consumption in BCKDHA-overexpressing or knocked-down SVFs and the expression of adipogenic marker genes were altered. We demonstrate that miR-124-3p is an important factor for adipogenesis and provide insights into the formation of intramuscular fat in animals.
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326
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Moullé VS, Ghislain J, Poitout V. Nutrient regulation of pancreatic β-cell proliferation. Biochimie 2017; 143:10-17. [PMID: 28987628 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2017.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Excess consumption of energy-dense foods combined with a sedentary lifestyle is driving an obesity epidemic. Although obesity is closely associated with insulin resistance, most individuals meet the insulin demand by increasing their functional β-cell mass. Those who eventually develop type 2 diabetes are distinguished by a failure in this compensatory process. Although a causal role of insulin resistance in compensatory β-cell responses has received considerable experimental support, precisely how the β cell senses changes in the metabolic environment is still unknown. As metabolism of glucose, lipids and amino acids is profoundly altered in obesity, it is not surprising that these nutrients are conspicuous among the factors proposed to contribute. In this review we summarise our understanding of the role of nutrients, in particular glucose, fatty acids and amino acids in β-cell compensation with a particular emphasis on their relation to insulin resistance-induced factors and their underlying mechanism of action. Finally, we describe the concept of epigenetic programming and review recent studies illustrating how the status of the β cell epigenome is a product of its nutrient environment, and how metabolic programming of the β cell contributes to diabetes risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentine S Moullé
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, University of Montreal, QC, Canada; CRCHUM, University of Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Julien Ghislain
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, University of Montreal, QC, Canada; CRCHUM, University of Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Vincent Poitout
- Montreal Diabetes Research Center, University of Montreal, QC, Canada; CRCHUM, University of Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Montreal, QC, Canada.
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327
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Tang HY, Chiu DTY, Lin JF, Huang CY, Chang KH, Lyu RK, Ro LS, Kuo HC, Cheng ML, Chen CM. Disturbance of Plasma Lipid Metabolic Profile in Guillain-Barre Syndrome. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8140. [PMID: 28811529 PMCID: PMC5557802 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08338-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Guillain-Barre Syndrome (GBS) is an inflammatory disease of the peripheral nervous system. Given that plasma metabolic profiles in GBS patients have never been explored, plasma samples of 38 GBS patients, 22 multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, and 40 healthy controls were analyzed by using untargeted and targeted metabolomics analysis. The untargeted analysis showed that levels of a set of plasma lipid metabolites were significantly decreased in GBS patients compared to the controls. Furthermore, the targeted analysis demonstrated that levels of 41 metabolites in GBS patients were significantly changed compared to either the controls or MS patients. A further metabolic analysis showed that 12 of 41 metabolites were significantly lower in classical GBS patients compared to Miller-Fisher syndrome. Among them, each of PCae C34:0, PCae C42:2, PCae C42:3, and SM C24:0 was inversely correlated with Hughes functional grading scale of GBS patients at both nadir and discharge. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis of combination of three metabolites (PCaa C42:2, PCae C36:0 and SM C24:0) showed a good discrimination between the GBS and the controls (area under curve = 0.86). This study has demonstrated disruption of lipid metabolites in GBS may be potential biomarkers to indicate disease severity and prognosis of GBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiang-Yu Tang
- Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Daniel Tsun-Yee Chiu
- Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Fen Lin
- Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yu Huang
- Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Hsuan Chang
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Medical Center and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Rong-Kuo Lyu
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Medical Center and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Long-Sun Ro
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Medical Center and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chou Kuo
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Medical Center and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Ling Cheng
- Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan. .,Clinical Phenome Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan. .,Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Chiung-Mei Chen
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Medical Center and College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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328
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Auburger G, Sen NE, Meierhofer D, Başak AN, Gitler AD. Efficient Prevention of Neurodegenerative Diseases by Depletion of Starvation Response Factor Ataxin-2. Trends Neurosci 2017; 40:507-516. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2017.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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329
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MicroRNAs That Contribute to Coordinating the Immune Response in Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics 2017; 207:163-178. [PMID: 28706002 PMCID: PMC5586370 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.116.196584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Small noncoding RNAs called microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression related to host defenses. Here, we have used Drosophila melanogaster to explore the contribution of individual or clusters of miRNAs in countering systemic Candida albicans infection. From a total of 72 tested, we identify 6 miRNA allelic mutant backgrounds that modulate the survival response to infection and the ability to control pathogen number. These mutants also exhibit dysregulation of the Toll pathway target transcripts Drosomycin (Drs) and Immune-Induced Molecule 1 (IM1). These are characteristics of defects in Toll signaling, and consistent with this, we demonstrate dependency for one of the miRNA mutants on the NF-κΒ homolog Dif. We also quantify changes in the miRNA expression profile over time in response to three pathogen types, and identify 13 mature miRNA forms affected by pathogens that stimulate Toll signaling. To complement this, we provide a genome-wide map of potential NF-κB sites in proximity to miRNA genes. Finally, we demonstrate that systemic C. albicans infection contributes to a reduction in the total amount of branch-chained amino acids, which is miRNA-regulated. Overall, our data reveal a new layer of miRNA complexity regulating the fly response to systemic fungal infection.
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