351
|
Bramen JE, Hranilovich JA, Dahl RE, Chen J, Rosso C, Forbes EE, Dinov ID, Worthman CM, Sowell ER. Sex matters during adolescence: testosterone-related cortical thickness maturation differs between boys and girls. PLoS One 2012; 7:e33850. [PMID: 22479458 PMCID: PMC3315517 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2011] [Accepted: 02/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related changes in cortical thickness have been observed during adolescence, including thinning in frontal and parietal cortices, and thickening in the lateral temporal lobes. Studies have shown sex differences in hormone-related brain maturation when boys and girls are age-matched, however, because girls mature 1–2 years earlier than boys, these sex differences could be confounded by pubertal maturation. To address puberty effects directly, this study assessed sex differences in testosterone-related cortical maturation by studying 85 boys and girls in a narrow age range and matched on sexual maturity. We expected that testosterone-by-sex interactions on cortical thickness would be observed in brain regions known from the animal literature to be high in androgen receptors. We found sex differences in associations between circulating testosterone and thickness in left inferior parietal lobule, middle temporal gyrus, calcarine sulcus, and right lingual gyrus, all regions known to be high in androgen receptors. Visual areas increased with testosterone in boys, but decreased in girls. All other regions were more impacted by testosterone levels in girls than boys. The regional pattern of sex-by-testosterone interactions may have implications for understanding sex differences in behavior and adolescent-onset neuropsychiatric disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E. Bramen
- Developmental Cognitive Neuroimaging Laboratory, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Staglin Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, University of California Los Angeles Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Jennifer A. Hranilovich
- Developmental Cognitive Neuroimaging Laboratory, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Ronald E. Dahl
- Institute of Human Development, University of California Berkeley Department of Public Health, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Jessie Chen
- Developmental Cognitive Neuroimaging Laboratory, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Carly Rosso
- Developmental Cognitive Neuroimaging Laboratory, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Erika E. Forbes
- Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Ivo D. Dinov
- Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, University of California Los Angeles Department of Neurology, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Carol M. Worthman
- Department of Anthropology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth R. Sowell
- Developmental Cognitive Neuroimaging Laboratory, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
352
|
Auerbach RP, Richardt S, Kertz S, Eberhart NK. Cognitive Vulnerability, Stress Generation, and Anxiety: Symptom Clusters and Gender Differences. Int J Cogn Ther 2012. [DOI: 10.1521/ijct.2012.5.1.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
353
|
Lien L, Halvorsen JA, Haavet OR, Dalgard F. The relation of early experienced negative life events and current itch. A longitudinal study among adolescents in Oslo, Norway. J Psychosom Res 2012; 72:226-9. [PMID: 22325703 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2011.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2011] [Revised: 11/29/2011] [Accepted: 12/01/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Negative life events have impact on mental health and skin diseases among adults. Itch is a common, disabling skin symptom. The aim was to describe negative life events associated with current itch and to analyze the impact of number of negative life events on symptoms of itch, controlling for possible confounders. METHOD This school-based longitudinal survey was conducted among 15 and 18 years old high-school students in Oslo, Norway. From a baseline cohort of 3811 students, 2489 (65%) participants were followed-up after three years later. They completed questionnaires at baseline and follow-up. Current itch was measured with a validated instrument asking for symptoms on a four point Likert scale at follow-up. RESULTS More girls than boys reported itch. There were no gender differences in number of negative life events. Death among close relative/friend was the most common negative life event among boys and girls. All negative life experiences before 15 years of age were statistically significantly associated with itch, but after 15 years only half of the negative life events were associated with itch. The bivariate association between number of negative life events and itch was statistically significant, and only when adjusting for mental distress at baseline there was a considerable drop in the Odds Ratio. CONCLUSION There is a clear association between number of negative life events at baseline and itch at follow-up three years later among adolescents. It is therefore important to discuss possible adverse experiences with adolescents presenting with severe symptoms of itch.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lars Lien
- Division mental health and addiction, University of Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
354
|
Schwartz-Mette RA, Rose AJ. Co-rumination mediates contagion of internalizing symptoms within youths' friendships. Dev Psychol 2012; 48:1355-65. [PMID: 22369336 DOI: 10.1037/a0027484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Peer contagion of internalizing symptoms was examined within youths' friendships over 6 months. Children (Grades 3 and 5) and adolescents (Grades 7 and 9) paired in 274 reciprocal same-sex friendship dyads completed measures of depressive and anxiety symptoms, co-rumination, and self-disclosure. Depression contagion was present for all youth, and anxiety contagion was found in the sample of girls and older boys. Although normative self-disclosure did not mediate the contagion effects, co-rumination mediated the depression contagion effect for adolescents and the anxiety contagion effect in the sample of girls and older boys. Implications for interventions with youth at risk for developing internalizing symptoms are discussed.
Collapse
|
355
|
Flynn M, Rudolph KD. Stress generation and adolescent depression: contribution of interpersonal stress responses. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2012; 39:1187-98. [PMID: 21647600 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-011-9527-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This research examined the proposal that ineffective responses to common interpersonal problems disrupt youths' relationships, which, in turn, contributes to depression during adolescence. Youth (86 girls, 81 boys; M age = 12.41, SD = 1.19) and their primary female caregivers participated in a three-wave longitudinal study. Youth completed a measure assessing interpersonal stress responses; youth and caregivers completed semi-structured interviews assessing youths' life stress and psychopathology. Consistent with the hypothesized model, ineffective stress responses (low levels of effortful engagement, high levels of involuntary engagement and disengagement) predicted the generation of subsequent interpersonal stress, which partially accounted for the association between stress responses and depression over time. Moreover, results revealed that self-generated interpersonal, but not noninterpersonal stress, predicted depression, and that this explanatory model was specific to the prediction of depression but not anxiety. This research builds on interpersonal stress generation models of depression, and highlights the importance of implementing depression-focused intervention programs that promote effective stress responses and adaptive interpersonal relationships during adolescence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megan Flynn
- Bethel University, 3900 Bethel Drive, St. Paul, MN 55112, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
356
|
Abela JRZ, Hankin BL, Sheshko DM, Fishman MB, Stolow D. Multi-wave prospective examination of the stress-reactivity extension of response styles theory of depression in high-risk children and early adolescents. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2012; 40:277-87. [PMID: 21892595 PMCID: PMC3266472 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-011-9563-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The current study tested the stress-reactivity extension of response styles theory of depression (Nolen-Hoeksema Journal of Abnormal Psychology 100:569-582, 1991) in a sample of high-risk children and early adolescents from a vulnerability-stress perspective using a multi-wave longitudinal design. In addition, we examined whether obtained results varied as a function of either age or sex. During an initial assessment, 56 high-risk children (offspring of depressed parents; ages 7-14) completed measures assessing rumination and depressive symptoms. Children were subsequently given a handheld personal computer which signalled them to complete measures assessing depressive symptoms and negative events at six randomly selected times over an 8-week follow-up interval. In line with hypotheses, higher levels of rumination were associated with prospective elevations in depressive symptoms following the occurrence of negative events. Sex, but not age, moderated this association. Rumination was more strongly associated with elevations in depressive symptoms following the occurrence of negative events in girls than in boys.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John R. Z. Abela
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, Tillett Hall, Livingston Campus, 53 Avenue E, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8040, USA;
| | - Benjamin L. Hankin
- Department of Psychology, University of Denver, Frontier Hall 2155 South Race Street, Denver, CO 80208, USA
| | - Dana M. Sheshko
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, Tillett Hall, Livingston Campus, 53 Avenue E, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8040, USA;
| | - Michael B. Fishman
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Stewart Biological Sciences Building, 1205 Dr. Penfield Avenue, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 1B1,
| | - Darren Stolow
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, Tillett Hall, Livingston Campus, 53 Avenue E, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8040, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
357
|
Guerry JD, Hastings PD. In search of HPA axis dysregulation in child and adolescent depression. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 2012; 14:135-60. [PMID: 21290178 PMCID: PMC3095794 DOI: 10.1007/s10567-011-0084-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis in adults with major depressive disorder is among the most consistent and robust biological findings in psychiatry. Given the importance of the adolescent transition to the development and recurrence of depressive phenomena over the lifespan, it is important to have an integrative perspective on research investigating the various components of HPA axis functioning among depressed young people. The present narrative review synthesizes evidence from the following five categories of studies conducted with children and adolescents: (1) those examining the HPA system’s response to the dexamethasone suppression test (DST); (2) those assessing basal HPA axis functioning; (3) those administering corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) challenge; (4) those incorporating psychological probes of the HPA axis; and (5) those examining HPA axis functioning in children of depressed mothers. Evidence is generally consistent with models of developmental psychopathology that hypothesize that atypical HPA axis functioning precedes the emergence of clinical levels of depression and that the HPA axis becomes increasingly dysregulated from child to adult manifestations of depression. Multidisciplinary approaches and longitudinal research designs that extend across development are needed to more clearly and usefully elucidate the role of the HPA axis in depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John D Guerry
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
358
|
Quiroga CV, Janosz M, Lyons JS, Morin AJS. Grade Retention and Seventh-Grade Depression Symptoms in the Course of School Dropout among High-Risk Adolescents. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.4236/psych.2012.329113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
359
|
Simptoms of anxiety, depression, anger and sexual concern and the role of some demographic characteristic among slovenian youth: a cross sectional study. Zdr Varst 2012. [DOI: 10.2478/v10152-012-0012-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
|
360
|
Reynolds BM, Juvonen J. The role of early maturation, perceived popularity, and rumors in the emergence of internalizing symptoms among adolescent girls. J Youth Adolesc 2011; 40:1407-22. [PMID: 21132522 PMCID: PMC3190081 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-010-9619-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2010] [Accepted: 11/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Despite the widely reported link between early pubertal timing and internalizing symptoms among girls, less is known about the peer reputation of earlier maturing girls. The current study assesses whether early maturation is associated with perceived popularity and/or rumors, and whether these reputational factors help account for earlier maturing girls' vulnerability to emotional distress. Drawing on three waves of data collected from an ethnically diverse sample of middle school girls (n = 912), hierarchical multiple regression analyses revealed that more advanced development at the start of middle school predicted peer- and teacher-reported popularity as well as increased risk of being targeted for rumors. Mediation analyses suggested that popularity among boys can put earlier developing girls at risk for rumors. Finally, rumors acted as a partial mechanism through which early maturation was associated with subsequent internalizing symptoms. Knowledge of the peer mechanisms putting earlier developing girls at risk for psychosocial maladjustment can inform intervention and prevention efforts aimed at improving adolescent well-being.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bridget M. Reynolds
- Department of Psychology, University of California, 1285 Franz Hall, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1563 USA
| | - Jaana Juvonen
- Department of Psychology, University of California, 1285 Franz Hall, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1563 USA
| |
Collapse
|
361
|
Allostasis and the development of internalizing and externalizing problems: Changing relations with physiological systems across adolescence. Dev Psychopathol 2011; 23:1149-65. [DOI: 10.1017/s0954579411000538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
AbstractAllostasis, or the maintenance of stability through physiological change, refers to the process by which individuals adjust to the continually changing demands that are put upon somatic activity by salient events. Bauer and colleagues proposed that allostasis could be detected through patterns of the joint reactivity of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis system under stressful conditions. We examined the associations between ANS and HPA reactivity and the development of externalizing and internalizing problems over 2 years in a sample of 215 adolescents. The interactions of ANS and HPA reactivity were contemporaneously associated with, and longitudinally predictive of, adolescents' emotional and behavioral problems. Adolescents with symmetrical high reactivity across systems had more internalizing and fewer externalizing problems initially. Over time, both symmetrical and asymmetrical reactivity predicted increasing internalizing problems in girls, depending on the measure of ANS activity that was examined, heart rate, or blood pressure reactivity. Implications for the understanding of allostasis and the dynamic nature of the relations between multiple physiological regulatory systems and adolescents' developing psychopathology are discussed.
Collapse
|
362
|
Auerbach RP, Webb CA, Schreck M, McWhinnie CM, Ho MHR, Zhu X, Yao S. Examining the Pathway through which Intrinsic and Extrinsic Aspirations Generate Stress and Subsequent Depressive Symptoms. JOURNAL OF SOCIAL AND CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2011. [DOI: 10.1521/jscp.2011.30.8.856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
363
|
Calvete E, Camara M, Estevez A, Villardón L. The role of coping with social stressors in the development of depressive symptoms: gender differences. ANXIETY STRESS AND COPING 2011; 24:387-406. [PMID: 20865590 DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2010.515982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the role of coping with social stressors in the development of depressive symptoms, as well as gender differences in this process. Participants included 978 adolescents (aged 14-18 years), who completed measures of social stressors, coping responses, and depressive symptoms at the beginning of the study and measures of depressive symptoms at a six-month follow-up. High levels of disengagement and low levels of secondary control coping predicted a residual increase in depressive symptoms at follow-up. Interactive effects were weak and moderated by gender: among female adolescents, the use of disengagement coping exacerbated the impact of social stressors on depressive symptoms, whereas the use of secondary control reduced these effects. Female adolescents scored higher than male adolescents on perceived social stress, disengagement, and primary control coping. Moreover, differences in perceived social stress and disengagement coping contributed to explain the female adolescents' higher scores on depressive symptoms. These findings have important implications for interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esther Calvete
- Department of Psychology, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Spain.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
364
|
Barrocas AL, Jenness JL, Davis TS, Oppenheimer CW, Technow JR, Gulley LD, Badanes LS, Hankin BL. Developmental perspectives on vulnerability to nonsuicidal self-injury in youth. ADVANCES IN CHILD DEVELOPMENT AND BEHAVIOR 2011; 40:301-36. [PMID: 21887965 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-386491-8.00008-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is defined as intentionally causing bodily harm to oneself without the intent to kill oneself. Recently, there has been an increase in research aimed at understanding why individuals, especially youth and young adults, engage in NSSI. This chapter explores the emergence and maintenance of NSSI from a developmental perspective. Epidemiological research suggests that rates of NSSI increase dramatically from early adolescence to young adulthood. No study has investigated NSSI in youth younger than age 10. Current understanding of how emotion and cognitions as well as interpersonal processes play a role in the emergence and maintenance of NSSI is explored. Further, the role of biology (e.g., neurological underpinnings, genetic associations, HPA-axis functioning) on NSSI is explored. Throughout the chapter, particular limitations (e.g., sample selection, measurement issues) in the extant corpus of knowledge are highlighted. Finally, we consider future research directions that may inform developmentally sensitive understanding of the proximal and distal risk factors that may affect the emergence and maintenance of NSSI across the life span.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea L Barrocas
- Department of Psychology, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
365
|
De Vriendt T, Clays E, Maes L, De Bourdeaudhuij I, Vicente-Rodriguez G, Moreno LA, Nagy E, Molnár D, Ortega FB, Dietrich S, Manios Y, De Henauw S. European adolescents’ level of perceived stress and its relationship with body adiposity—The HELENA Study. Eur J Public Health 2011; 22:519-24. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckr134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
|
366
|
Hong S, Flashner B, Chiu M, ver Hoeve E, Luz S, Bhatnagar S. Social isolation in adolescence alters behaviors in the forced swim and sucrose preference tests in female but not in male rats. Physiol Behav 2011; 105:269-75. [PMID: 21907226 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2011.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2011] [Revised: 08/11/2011] [Accepted: 08/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Social interactions in rodents are rewarding and motivating and social isolation is aversive. Accumulating evidence suggests that disruption of the social environment in adolescence has long-term effects on social interactions, on anxiety-like behavior and on stress reactivity. In previous work we showed that adolescent isolation produced increased reactivity to acute and to repeated stress in female rats, whereas lower corticosterone responses to acute stress and decreased anxiety-related behavior were noted in isolated males. These results indicate a sex specific impact on the effects of social stress in adolescence. However, little is known about whether social isolation impacts behaviors related to affect and whether it does so differently in male and female rats. The present study investigated the impact of adolescent social isolation from day 30-50 of age in male and female Sprague Dawley rats on behavior in the forced swim test at the end of adolescence and in adulthood and on behavior in the sucrose preference test in adulthood. Adult female rats that were isolated in adolescence exhibited increased climbing on the first and second day of the forced swim test and showed an increased preference for sucrose compared to adult females that were group-housed in adolescence. There were no effects in male rats. The results indicate that social isolation in adolescence produces a stable and active behavioral phenotype in adult female rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suzie Hong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
367
|
MOKSNES UNNIK, ESPNES GEIRA. Evaluation of the Norwegian version of the Adolescent Stress Questionnaire (ASQ-N): Factorial validity across samples. Scand J Psychol 2011; 52:601-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-9450.2011.00907.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
368
|
Auerbach RP, Bigda-Peyton JS, Eberhart NK, Webb CA, Ho MHR. Conceptualizing the prospective relationship between social support, stress, and depressive symptoms among adolescents. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2011; 39:475-87. [PMID: 21188628 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-010-9479-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The goal of the current study is to examine the relationship amongst social support, stress, and depressive symptoms within a transactional and diathesis-stress framework using a multi-wave, longitudinal design. At the initial assessment, adolescents (n = 258) completed self-report measures assessing social support (peer, classmate, parent, and total), dependent interpersonal stress, anxious symptoms, and depressive symptoms. Additionally, participants reported stress and symptomology in each of the four waves spanning six months. Results of time-lagged, idiographic, multilevel modeling indicated that stress mediated the relationship between lower parental, classmate, and total social support and subsequent depressive, but not anxious, symptoms. In contrast, lower levels of peer support were not associated with higher levels of stress and subsequent depressive symptoms. Additionally, only classmate support deficits significantly moderated the relationship between stress and depressive symptoms. Overall, the results suggest that deficits in parental and classmate support may play a greater role in contributing to adolescent depression as compared to deficits in peer support.
Collapse
|
369
|
Conway CC, Rancourt D, Adelman CB, Burk WJ, Prinstein MJ. Depression socialization within friendship groups at the transition to adolescence: the roles of gender and group centrality as moderators of peer influence. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY 2011; 120:857-67. [PMID: 21842961 DOI: 10.1037/a0024779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Tests of interpersonal theories of depression have established that elevated depression levels among peers portend increases in individuals' own depressive symptoms, a phenomenon known as depression socialization. Susceptibility to this socialization effect may be enhanced during the transition to adolescence as the strength of peer influence rises dramatically. Socialization of depressive symptoms among members of child and adolescent friendship groups was examined over a 1-year period among 648 youth in grades six through eight. Sociometric methods were utilized to identify friendship groups and ascertain the prospective effect of group-level depressive symptoms on youths' own depressive symptoms. Hierarchical linear modeling results revealed a significant socialization effect and indicated that this effect was most potent for (a) girls and (b) individuals on the periphery of friendship groups. Future studies would benefit from incorporating child and adolescent peer groups as a developmentally salient context for interpersonal models of depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher C Conway
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1563, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
370
|
Slopen N, Williams DR, Fitzmaurice GM, Gilman SE. Sex, stressful life events, and adult onset depression and alcohol dependence: Are men and women equally vulnerable? Soc Sci Med 2011; 73:615-622. [DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2010] [Revised: 04/21/2011] [Accepted: 06/10/2011] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
|
371
|
Abstract
Recent methodological advances have allowed empirical research on adolescence to do better justice to theoretical models. Organized by a life course framework, this review covers the state of contemporary research on adolescents' physical, psychological, interpersonal, and institutional pathways; how these pathways connect within primary ecological contexts; and how they relate to broader patterns of societal stratification and historical change. Looking forward, it also emphasizes three future challenges/opportunities, including efforts to illuminate biosocial processes, link adolescence to other life stages, and account for the influence of major social changes (e.g., the new media).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Crosnoe
- Department of Sociology and Population Research Center, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712
| | | |
Collapse
|
372
|
Landoll RR, Schwartz-Mette RA, Rose AJ, Prinstein MJ. Girls’ and Boys’ Disclosure about Problems as a Predictor of Changes in Depressive Symptoms Over Time. SEX ROLES 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11199-011-0030-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
373
|
Daily Hassles and African American Adolescent Females’ Psychological Functioning: Direct and Interactive Associations with Gender Role Orientation. SEX ROLES 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11199-011-0019-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
374
|
Lee J. Reciprocal influences between stress and internalizing problems in Korean adolescents: A cross-lagged, longitudinal study. ASIAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-839x.2011.01345.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
375
|
Chen ACC, Haas S, Gillmore MR, Kopak A. Trajectories of depressive symptoms from adolescence to young adulthood: Chinese Americans versus non-Hispanic whites. Res Nurs Health 2011; 34:176-91. [PMID: 21360552 PMCID: PMC3101107 DOI: 10.1002/nur.20429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We examined age, sex, and race/ethnicity differences in trajectories of depressive symptom from adolescence to early adulthood; we also tested whether socioeconomic status and acculturation were associated with the differences. The findings suggest that adolescents over age 15 had a higher level and faster decline in depressive symptoms than their younger counterparts; females had higher level and a faster decline in depressive symptoms than males. Chinese American females had the highest depressive symptoms sustained across 7 years; Chinese American males over age 15 had higher depressive symptoms than their White male counterparts. Neither socioeconomic status nor acculturation was significantly associated with the differences in the trajectories. Our findings suggest a need for greater attention to Chinese American adolescents' psychological well-being.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Chia-Chen Chen
- College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
376
|
Vujeva HM, Furman W. Depressive symptoms and romantic relationship qualities from adolescence through emerging adulthood: a longitudinal examination of influences. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY 2011; 40:123-35. [PMID: 21229449 DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2011.533414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Research has consistently demonstrated the negative consequences of depression on adolescents' functioning in peer and family relationships, but little work has examined how depressive symptoms affect the quality of adolescents' and emerging adults' romantic relationships. Five waves of data on depressive symptoms, romantic relationship conflict, and use of positive problem solving were collected from 188 boys and girls during middle adolescence to emerging adulthood. Latent growth curve models indicated that having more depressive symptoms when 15 years old was associated with both more increase in relationship conflict and less increase in positive problem solving as compared to adolescents with fewer depressive symptoms. These results suggest that depression in middle adolescence may impair subsequent romantic relationship qualities into late adolescence and emerging adulthood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hana M Vujeva
- Department of Psychology, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80208, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
377
|
Colonnello V, Iacobucci P, Fuchs T, Newberry RC, Panksepp J. Octodon degus. A useful animal model for social-affective neuroscience research: basic description of separation distress, social attachments and play. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2011; 35:1854-63. [PMID: 21477615 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2011.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2010] [Revised: 03/16/2011] [Accepted: 03/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A challenge for social-affective neuroscience programs is to identify simple and yet valid animal models for studying the expression of basic social emotions and their role during different developmental windows, from infancy to adulthood. For example, although laboratory rats are useful for studying juvenile social interactions, they are not ideal for studying infant attachment bonds. Here, we evaluate current understanding of the social behavior of Octodon degus, a diurnal precocial rodent, to elucidate the value of this species as a model for social-affective neuroscience research. After a synopsis of species-specific characteristics and brain susceptibility to changes of social environment, our behavioral findings on degu social proclivities are summarized. We then discuss why this pre-clinical model provides a valuable addition to the commonly available animal models for the study of human psychopathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Colonnello
- Center for the Study of Animal Well-being, Department of Veterinary & Comparative Anatomy, Pharmacology and Physiology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6520, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
378
|
Haraldsson K, Lindgren EC, Mattsson B, Fridlund B, Marklund B. Adolescent girls' experiences of underlying social processes triggering stress in their everyday life: a grounded theory study. Stress Health 2011; 27:e61-70. [PMID: 27486624 DOI: 10.1002/smi.1336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to generate a theoretical model of underlying social processes that trigger stress in adolescent girls' everyday life. In-depth interviews regarding the experiences of stress at home, school and during leisure time were conducted with 14 17-year-old schoolgirls. Data were analysed by means of the grounded theory method. Stress was triggered in the interaction between responsibility and the way in which the girls were encountered. Triggered emotional reactions took the form of four dimensions of stress included ambivalence, frustration, despair and downheartedness. These reactions were dependent on whether the girls voluntary assumed responsibility for various situations or whether they were forced, or felt they were being forced, to assume responsibility in interaction with an encounter characterized by closeness or distance. These forms of stress reactions could appear in one dimension and subsequently shift to another. From the public health perspective, the generated stress model can be used in the planning and implementation of future actions to prevent stress and promote well-being related to stress in adolescent girls.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Haraldsson
- Research and Development Unit, General Practice and Public Health, Halland County Council, Falkenberg, Sweden.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
379
|
Kiuru N, Leskinen E, Nurmi JE, Salmela-Aro K. Depressive symptoms during adolescence: Do learning difficulties matter? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL DEVELOPMENT 2011. [DOI: 10.1177/0165025410396764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
To examine whether learning difficulties play a role in depressive symptoms, 658 Finnish adolescents were asked to complete scales for depression three times during the transition to post-comprehensive education. They also reported on their learning difficulties and feelings of inadequacy as a student. The results showed that learning difficulties prospectively predicted depressive symptoms. Moreover, the impact of learning difficulties was mediated via inadequacy as a student: learning difficulties predicted feelings of inadequacy as a student which, in turn, contributed to greater increases in depressive symptoms. Finally, gender moderated the association between learning difficulties and depressive symptoms: both being a girl and having a high level of learning difficulties predicted a higher initial level of depressive symptoms.
Collapse
|
380
|
Gender Differences in the Longitudinal Impact of Exposure to Violence on Mental Health in Urban Youth. J Youth Adolesc 2011; 40:1674-90. [DOI: 10.1007/s10964-011-9649-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2011] [Accepted: 03/04/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
381
|
Abstract
This study examined daily interpersonal events with parents and friends and daily well-being among 589 ninth-grade students (mean age = 14.9 years) from Mexican, Chinese, and European backgrounds. Associations were examined using a daily diary methodology whereby adolescents reported on positive and negative interpersonal experiences and mood each day for 2 weeks. Analyses using hierarchical linear modeling revealed bidirectional associations between adolescents' daily social interactions and mood. Findings indicated gender differences in adolescents' reactivity to daily interpersonal events as well as in the strength of daily mood as a predictor of interpersonal events. Furthermore, the ratio of positive to negative events experienced daily was consequential for adolescents' daily mood. Findings have practical implications for adolescents' everyday functioning and potential long-term adjustment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Flook
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
382
|
Goodman SH, Rouse MH, Connell AM, Broth MR, Hall CM, Heyward D. Maternal Depression and Child Psychopathology: A Meta-Analytic Review. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 2011; 14:1-27. [DOI: 10.1007/s10567-010-0080-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1590] [Impact Index Per Article: 122.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
383
|
Masten CL, Eisenberger NI, Borofsky LA, McNealy K, Pfeifer JH, Dapretto M. Subgenual anterior cingulate responses to peer rejection: a marker of adolescents' risk for depression. Dev Psychopathol 2011; 23:283-92. [PMID: 21262054 PMCID: PMC3229829 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579410000799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Extensive developmental research has linked peer rejection during adolescence with a host of psychopathological outcomes, including depression. Moreover, recent neuroimaging research has suggested that increased activity in the subgenual region of the anterior cingulate cortex (subACC), which has been consistently linked with depression, is related to heightened sensitivity to peer rejection among adolescents. The goal of the current study was to directly test the hypothesis that adolescents' subACC responses are predictive of their risk for future depression, by examining the relationship between subACC activity during peer rejection and increases in depressive symptoms during the following year. During a functional magnetic resonance imaging scan, 20 13-year-olds were ostensibly excluded by peers during an online social interaction. Participants' depressive symptoms were assessed via parental reports at the time of the scan and 1 year later. Region of interest and whole-brain analyses indicated that greater subACC activity during exclusion was associated with increases in parent-reported depressive symptoms during the following year. These findings suggest that subACC responsivity to social exclusion may serve as a neural marker of adolescents' risk for future depression and have implications for understanding the relationship between sensitivity to peer rejection and the increased risk of depression that occurs during adolescence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carrie L Masten
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, 1285 Franz Hall, Box 951563, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1563, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
384
|
Güner-Küçükkaya P, Işık I. Predictors of psychiatric symptom scores in a sample of Turkish high school students. Nurs Health Sci 2011; 12:429-36. [PMID: 21210920 DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-2018.2010.00553.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Most mental health problems start in adolescence and early adulthood. According to the literature, one out of five children and adolescents suffers at least one mental health problem. In this cross-sectional study, the distribution of psychiatric symptom scores among 728 Turkish high school students in grades 9, 10, and 11 was examined and associated with the students' gender, type of school, and grade level, as well as parental attitudes. The Brief Symptom Inventory and The Global Severity Index were used in this study. The latter is a global index of the former, and assesses indications of psychopathological disturbance. Girls score significantly higher than boys on all subscales of the Inventory, and specifically the Index. The highest Global Severity Index scores were obtained from the students who were attending vocational high schools, those who were in 11th grade, and those who indicated indifferent parental attitudes. This study revealed the need for a closer investigation of those students who are at severe risk of mental health problems.
Collapse
|
385
|
Carvalho J, Trent LR, Hopko DR. The impact of decreased environmental reward in predicting depression severity: support for behavioral theories of depression. Psychopathology 2011; 44:242-52. [PMID: 21502776 DOI: 10.1159/000322799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2010] [Accepted: 11/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Insufficient response-contingent positive reinforcement and decreased environmental reward have been hypothesized to directly contribute to the onset and persistence of depression. The present study examined whether decreased environmental reward was significantly associated with self-reported depression and diagnosed major depression relative to other well-established risk factors that included gender, stressful life events, traumatic life events, childhood maltreatment, and cognitive vulnerability. Based on hierarchical regression analyses, all variables except gender were significantly associated with self-reported depression, and stressful life events, cognitive vulnerability, and decreased environmental reward were associated with diagnosed depression. Of all variables, decreased environmental reward was most strongly related to both self-reported depression and diagnosed clinical depression. The incremental validity of environmental reward in predicting self-reported depression and clinical depression was established, accounting for significant unique variance (12%) in each regression equation. Implications for conceptualizing and treating depression are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John Carvalho
- Department of Psychology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
386
|
Oppenheimer CW, Hankin BL. Relationship quality and depressive symptoms among adolescents: a short-term multiwave investigation of longitudinal, reciprocal associations. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL FOR THE SOCIETY OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY, AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION, DIVISION 53 2011; 40:486-93. [PMID: 21534059 PMCID: PMC4035302 DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2011.563462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This study used a multiwave design to examine the short-term longitudinal and bidirectional associations between depressive symptoms and peer relationship qualities among a sample of early to middle adolescents (N = 350, 6th-10th graders). Youth completed self-report measures of relationship quality and depressive symptoms at three time points spaced about 5 weeks apart. Results indicated that depressive symptoms predicted increases in negative qualities and decreases in positive qualities. However, neither positive nor negative relationship qualities predicted increases in depressive symptoms. Findings inform a developmentally based interpersonal model of depression by advancing knowledge on the longitudinal direction of effects between depressive symptoms and relationship quality in adolescence.
Collapse
|
387
|
Adverse life events and depressive symptoms in african american youth: the role of control-related beliefs. DEPRESSION RESEARCH AND TREATMENT 2011; 2011:871843. [PMID: 21197108 PMCID: PMC3010621 DOI: 10.1155/2011/871843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2010] [Revised: 09/21/2010] [Accepted: 11/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The association between experiences of adverse life events and adolescent depressive symptoms has been well documented. However, this association is not consistently observed in urban and low income African American youth. In addition, mechanisms linking life event stress and African American adolescents' depressive symptoms have received little attention. This study examined past year violent and nonviolent life events assessed in 6th grade as predictors of 7th grade depressive symptoms among a community epidemiologically defined sample of 447 (47% girls) urban African American adolescents. Depressive symptoms were assessed twice, at a 1-year interval, and initial depressive symptoms were controlled in the analyses. Control-related beliefs were examined as mediators of the association between life events and depressive symptoms, and gender was examined as a moderator of the association between control-related beliefs and depressive symptoms. Associations among study variables were examined in a series of models, from general to more specific. A model in which nonviolent and violent life events were examined separately and control and contingency beliefs examined as one latent variable was the most informative about the etiology of depressive symptoms in a sample of urban, African American youth. Implications of the findings for preventive interventions and future research are discussed.
Collapse
|
388
|
Koen V, van Eeden C, Venter C. African Female Adolescents' Experience of Parenting and Their Sense of Well-Being. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY IN AFRICA 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/14330237.2011.10820448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
|
389
|
Reeb BT, Conger KJ. The Moderating Effects of Mother-Adolescent Relations on the Longitudinal Association between Father and Offspring Depressive Symptoms. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 1:102-111. [PMID: 22140605 DOI: 10.1080/19424620.2010.533608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Little theoretical or empirical attention has been given to factors associated with better or worse outcomes in offspring of depressed fathers. Drawing from interpersonal models of intergenerational depression transmission in children of depressed mothers, the present investigation of adolescents and their families (N = 424) examined maternal warmth and hostility as moderators of the longitudinal association between paternal and adolescent depressive symptoms. Controlling for family demographic variables, previous adolescent depressive symptoms, and maternal depressive symptoms, fathers' depressive symptoms predicted offspring depressive symptoms among adolescents experiencing low maternal warmth or high maternal hostility. Adolescent girls reporting adversity in their relationships with their mothers were the most vulnerable to risk associated with paternal depressive symptoms. These findings highlight the implications of fathers' mental health for adolescent psychological well-being and add to the growing evidence that family relationships play a crucial role in the transmission of depression from one generation to the next.
Collapse
|
390
|
Benas JS, Uhrlass DJ, Gibb BE. Body dissatisfaction and weight-related teasing: a model of cognitive vulnerability to depression among women. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 2010; 41:352-6. [PMID: 20382374 PMCID: PMC4349566 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2010.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2009] [Revised: 03/14/2010] [Accepted: 03/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Although a number of studies have linked body dissatisfaction to depressive symptoms, few have done so within the framework of a vulnerability-stress model. We hypothesized that women's levels of body dissatisfaction would interact with recent experiences of vulnerability-congruent negative life events (i.e., weight-related teasing) to predict prospective changes in depressive symptoms. Consistent with these hypotheses, experiences of weight-related teasing were more strongly related to depressive symptom increases among women with high, compared to low, levels of body dissatisfaction. These results support the hypothesis that body dissatisfaction moderates the impact of weight-related teasing on depressive symptom changes.
Collapse
|
391
|
Oldehinkel AJ, Bouma EMC. Sensitivity to the depressogenic effect of stress and HPA-axis reactivity in adolescence: a review of gender differences. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2010; 35:1757-70. [PMID: 21040743 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2010.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2010] [Revised: 10/19/2010] [Accepted: 10/25/2010] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Adolescence is characterized by major biological, psychological, and social challenges, as well as by an increase in depression rates. This review focuses on the association between stressful experiences and depression in adolescence, and the possible role of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal cortex (HPA-)axis in this link. Adolescent girls have a higher probability to develop depressive symptoms than adolescent boys and preadolescents. Increasing evidence indicates that girls' higher risk of depression is partly brought about by an increased sensitivity for stressful life events, particularly interpersonal stressors, which are highly prevalent in adolescent girls. Genetic risk factors for depression, as well as those for stress sensitivity, are often expressed differently in girls and boys. Also environmental adversity tends to affect girls' stress responses more than those of boys. These gender-specific association patterns have been reported for both sensitivity to stressful life events and HPA-axis responses to social stress. Together, the findings suggest that girls are more malleable than boys in response to internal and external influences. This postulated greater malleability may be adaptive in many circumstances, but also brings along risk, such as an increased probability of depression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Albertine J Oldehinkel
- Interdisciplinary Center for Psychiatric Epidemiology, University Medical Center, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | | |
Collapse
|
392
|
Personal-accentuation and contextual-amplification models of pubertal timing: predicting youth depression. Dev Psychopathol 2010; 22:433-51. [PMID: 20423552 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579410000167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This research examined personal-accentuation and contextual-amplification models of pubertal timing, wherein personal and contextual risks magnify the effects of earlier pubertal maturation on youth depression. A sample of 167 youths (M age = 12.41 years, SD = 1.19) and their maternal caregivers completed semistructured interviews and questionnaires at two waves. Consistent with a personal-accentuation model, earlier pubertal maturation more strongly predicted subsequent depression in youths with prior depression, certain personality traits, and maladaptive stress responses than in youths without these personal risks. Several of these effects were specific to earlier-maturing girls. Consistent with a contextual-amplification model, earlier pubertal maturation more strongly predicted subsequent depression in youths exposed to recent maternal depression and family stress than in youths without these contextual risks. These findings identify key characteristics of youths and their family context that help to explain individual variation in depressive reactions to earlier pubertal maturation. More broadly, this research contributes to integrative models of depression that consider the interplay among personal vulnerability, contextual risk, and developmental transitions.
Collapse
|
393
|
Moksnes UK, Moljord IE, Espnes GA, Byrne DG. The association between stress and emotional states in adolescents: The role of gender and self-esteem. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2010.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
394
|
Bohanek JG, Fivush R. Personal narratives, well-being, and gender in adolescence. COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT 2010; 25:368-379. [PMID: 26549931 DOI: 10.1016/j.cogdev.2010.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Relations between narratives, especially the inclusion of internal state language within narratives, and well-being have been found in adults. However, research with adolescents has been sparse and the findings inconsistent. We examined gender differences in adolescents' personal autobiographical narratives as well as relations between internal state language and emotional well-being. Mirroring previous research with different age groups, we found that females narrate both positive and negative personal experiences in more emotional ways than do males. Also, adolescent females include more cognitive processing words indicative of self-reflection than do adolescent males. Adolescent males who told personal narratives richer in internal state language displayed higher levels of well-being, but there were no relations between internal state language in personal narratives and well-being for adolescent females. These results are interpreted in terms of gender differences in emotional processing and understanding. Directions for future research are discussed.
Collapse
|
395
|
Park JY, You JS, Chang KJ. Dietary taurine intake, nutrients intake, dietary habits and life stress by depression in Korean female college students: a case-control study. J Biomed Sci 2010; 17 Suppl 1:S40. [PMID: 20804617 PMCID: PMC2994399 DOI: 10.1186/1423-0127-17-s1-s40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of this study was to investigate the dietary taurine intake, nutrients intake, dietary habits and life stress by depression in Korean female college students. Methods In this study, research data were collected in March 2009 and 65 patients with depression and 65 controls without depression participated. The CES-D (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression) scale was used for depression measure and controls were matched for age. A 3-day recall method was used for dietary assessment (2 weekdays and 1 weekend day). Results Average height, weight and body mass index (BMI) were 161.3±0.5cm, 55.3±1.0kg and 21.2±0.4kg/m2 for depression patients and those of control group were 161.4±0.7cm, 53.1±0.8kg and 20.3±0.2kg/m2, respectively. Average dietary taurine intakes of depression patients and control group were 89.1 and 88.0 mg/day, respectively. There was no significant difference in dietary taurine intake between depression patients and control group. The average intakes of vitamin A (p<0.05), β-carotene (p<0.01), vitamin C (p<0.05), folic acid (p<0.05) and fiber (p<0.05) of depression patients were significantly lower compared to control group. The average total dietary habit score of depression patients (47.2) was significantly lower than that of control group (51.3) (p<0.01). The average dietary habit scores of “eating meals at regular times” (p<0.05), “eating adequate amount of meals” (p<0.05), “having meals with diverse foods” (p<0.05), “avoiding eating spicy foods” (p<0.01) and “eating protein foods such as meat, fish, eggs, beans more than 2 times a day” (p<0.05) were significantly lower in depression patients compare to control group. The average scores of total life stress (p<0.001) and all stress categories of depression patients were significantly higher than those of control group except faculty problem score. Conclusions These results show that depression patients have poor dietary habits and unbalanced nutrition status. Also depression patients have higher life stress score. Therefore, continuous nutrition education and counselling for good dietary habits and balanced nutrition status are needed to prevent depression in Korean college students.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Yeon Park
- Dept. of Food and Nutrition, Inha University, Incheon 402-753, Korea.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
396
|
Sun Y, Tao F, Hao J, Wan Y. The Mediating Effects of Stress and Coping on Depression Among Adolescents in China. JOURNAL OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRIC NURSING 2010; 23:173-80. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-6171.2010.00238.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
397
|
Ou SR, Reynolds AJ. Mechanisms of Effects of an Early Intervention Program on Educational Attainment: A Gender Subgroup Analysis. CHILDREN AND YOUTH SERVICES REVIEW 2010; 32:1064-1076. [PMID: 20625475 PMCID: PMC2899492 DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2009.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to explore whether the processes that account for the link between participation in the Chicago Child-Parent Center (CPC) Program and educational attainment differed by gender. Five mechanisms derived from previous studies, i.e., cognitive advantage, family support, social adjustment, motivational advantage, and school support, were investigated.The study sample included 1,334 youth (682 females and 652 males) from the Chicago Longitudinal Study. Structural equation modeling was used to investigate pathways of effects of preschool participation on educational attainment.Findings suggest that cognitive advantage played a more important role for males than for females, and family support played a more important role for females than for males. Motivational advantage and social adjustment hypotheses were not significant mediators for either females or males, although they contributed to the overall model fit. Motivational advantage seemed to play a more important role for males. Findings provide directions for future investigation of the two groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suh-Ruu Ou
- Institute of Child Development University of Minnesota-Twin cities
| | | |
Collapse
|
398
|
Benas JS, Gibb BE. Childhood Teasing and Adult Implicit Cognitive Biases. COGNITIVE THERAPY AND RESEARCH 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10608-010-9326-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
399
|
Haavet O, Sagatun Å, Lien L. Adolescents’ adverse experiences and mental health in a prospective perspective. Scand J Public Health 2010; 39:58-63. [DOI: 10.1177/1403494810375491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Aims: The aim of this study is to examine the possible changes in depressive symptoms related to various adverse experiences, based on a three-year follow-up among adolescents. Methods: All 10th graders invited to enter the youth section of the Oslo Health Study 2001 (n = 3,811) constituted a baseline of a longitudinal study. A high level of mental distress (Hscl-10 score ≥1.85) according to the different life experiences was compared, at baseline (15 years) and follow-up (18 years). Results: All adverse experiences were associated with a high Hscl-10 score except parents not living together and death of a close person at 15 and 18 years for boys, and death of a close person at 18 years of age for girls. A development from high Hscl-10 score at baseline to low score at follow up was defined as recovery from mental distress. The proportion of the youth that had a high Hscl-10 score related to reporting adverse life experiences at age 15, followed by a low Hscl-10 score three years later proved to be between 44% and 89% among boys and between 16% and 31% among girls. Conclusions: From a three year longitudinal perspective the recovery from mental distress is substantial and higher among boys than among girls. However, mental distress seems to persist in a considerable proportion of the adolescents. Consequently, it is insufficient to brush aside traumas and hurt and rely on a time healing process only.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O.R. Haavet
- Department of General Practice and Community Medicine, Section for General Practice, University of Oslo, Blindern, Oslo, Norway,
| | - Å. Sagatun
- Research Department, Centre for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Eastern and Southern Norway, Oslo, Norway
| | - L. Lien
- Institute of Psychiatry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
400
|
Little M, Sandler IN, Wolchik SA, Tein JY, Ayers TS. Comparing cognitive, relational and stress mechanisms underlying gender differences in recovery from bereavement-related internalizing problems. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY 2010; 38:486-500. [PMID: 20183636 DOI: 10.1080/15374410902976353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Four putative mediators underlying gender differences in youths' recovery from bereavement-related internalizing problems were examined in a sample (N = 109; age range = 8-16 years at the initial assessment) of parentally bereaved youth: intrusive thoughts about grief, postdeath stressors, negative appraisals of postdeath stressors, and fear of abandonment. A three-wave parallel process longitudinal growth model design was employed. Changes in internalizing problems and mediators were measured as a function of months since the death. Girls showed stability in depression symptoms and a slight rise in anxiety symptoms; boys' trajectories of symptoms of anxiety and depression declined. Girls' higher initial levels of postdeath stressors, threat appraisals and fear of abandonment mediated their higher level of internalizing problems 14 months later. Girls' higher initial fear of abandonment also mediated additional growth in anxiety relative to boys.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Little
- Psychology Department, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|