351
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Liao W, Du Y, Zhang C, Pan F, Yao Y, Zhang T, Peng Q. Exosomes: The next generation of endogenous nanomaterials for advanced drug delivery and therapy. Acta Biomater 2019; 86:1-14. [PMID: 30597259 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Development of functional nanomaterials is of great importance and significance for advanced drug delivery and therapy. Nevertheless, exogenous nanomaterials have a great ability to induce undesired immune responses and nano-protein interactions, which may result in toxicity and failure of therapy. Exosomes, a kind of endogenous extracellular vesicle (40-100 nm in diameter), are considered as a new generation of a natural nanoscale delivery system. Exosomes secreted by different types of cells carry different signal molecules (such as RNAs and proteins) and thus have a great potential for targeted drug delivery and therapy. Herein, we provide comprehensive understanding of the properties and applications of exosomes, including their biogenesis, biofunctions, isolation, purification, and drug loading, and typical examples in drug delivery and therapy. Furthermore, their advantages compared to other nanoparticles and potential in tumor immunotherapy are also discussed. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Exosomes, a kind of endogenous extracellular vesicle, have emerged as a novel and attractive endogenous nanomaterial for advanced drug delivery and targeted therapy. Exosomes are secreted by many types of cells and carry some unique signals obtained from their parental cells. Furthermore, the liposome-like structure allows exosomes to load various drugs. Hence, the potential of exosomes in drug delivery, tumor targeted therapy, and immunotherapy has been investigated in recent years. On the basis of their endogenous features and multifunctional properties, exosomes are of great significance and interest for the development of future medicine and pharmaceuticals.
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352
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The MicroRNA Family Both in Normal Development and in Different Diseases: The miR-17-92 Cluster. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:9450240. [PMID: 30854399 PMCID: PMC6378081 DOI: 10.1155/2019/9450240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
An increasing number of research studies over recent years have focused on the function of microRNA (miRNA) molecules which have unique characteristics in terms of structure and function. They represent a class of endogenous noncoding single-strand small molecules. An abundance of miRNA clusters has been found in the genomes of various organisms often located in a polycistron. The miR-17-92 family is among the most famous miRNAs and has been identified as an oncogene. The functions of this cluster, together with the seven individual molecules that it comprises, are most related to cancers, so it would not be surprising that they are considered to have involvement in the development of tumors. The miR-17-92 cluster is therefore expected not only to be a tumor marker, but also to perform an important role in the early diagnosis of those diseases and possibly also be a target for tumor biotherapy. The miR-17-92 cluster affects the development of disease by regulating many related cellular processes and multiple target genes. Interestingly, it also has important roles that cannot be ignored in disease of the nervous system and circulation and modulates the growth and development of bone. Therefore, it provides new opportunities for disease prevention, clinical diagnosis, prognosis, and targeted therapy. Here we review the role of the miR-17-92 cluster that has received little attention in relation to neurological diseases, cardiac diseases, and the development of bone and tumors.
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353
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Mesenchymal Stem Cells-derived Exosomes: A New Possible Therapeutic Strategy for Parkinson's Disease? Cells 2019; 8:cells8020118. [PMID: 30717429 PMCID: PMC6406999 DOI: 10.3390/cells8020118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder worldwide. Clinically, it is characterized by severe motor complications caused by a progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons (DAn) and dopamine loss. Current treatment is focused on mitigating the symptoms through administration of levodopa, rather than on preventing DAn damage. Therefore, the use and development of neuroprotective/disease-modifying strategies is an absolute need, which can lead to promising gains on PD translational research. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)–derived exosomes have been proposed as a promising therapeutic tool, since it has been demonstrated that they can act as biological nanoparticles with beneficial effects in different pathological conditions, including PD. Thus, considering their potential protective action in lesioned sites, MSCs-derived exosomes might also be active modulators of the neuroregeneration processes, opening a door for their future use as therapeutical strategies in human clinical trials. Therefore, in this review, we analyze the current understanding of MSCs-derived exosomes as a new possible therapeutic strategy for PD, by providing an overview about the potential role of miRNAs in the cellular and molecular basis of PD.
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354
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Finch-Edmondson M, Morgan C, Hunt RW, Novak I. Emergent Prophylactic, Reparative and Restorative Brain Interventions for Infants Born Preterm With Cerebral Palsy. Front Physiol 2019; 10:15. [PMID: 30745876 PMCID: PMC6360173 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, an estimated 15 million babies are born preterm (<37 weeks' gestation) every year. Despite significant improvements in survival rates, preterm infants often face a lifetime of neurodevelopmental disability including cognitive, behavioral, and motor impairments. Indeed, prematurity remains the largest risk factor for the development of cerebral palsy. The developing brain of the preterm infant is particularly fragile; preterm babies exhibit varying severities of cerebral palsy arising from reductions in both cerebral white and gray matter volumes, as well as altered brain microstructure and connectivity. Current intensive care therapies aim to optimize cardiovascular and respiratory function to protect the brain from injury by preserving oxygenation and blood flow. If a brain injury does occur, definitive diagnosis of cerebral palsy in the first few hours and weeks of life is difficult, especially when the lesions are subtle and not apparent on cranial ultrasound. However, early diagnosis of mildly affected infants is critical, because these are the patients most likely to respond to emergent treatments inducing neuroplasticity via high-intensity motor training programs and regenerative therapies involving stem cells. A current controversy is whether to test universal treatment in all infants at risk of brain injury, accepting that some patients never required treatment, because the perceived potential benefits outweigh the risk of harm. Versus, waiting for a diagnosis before commencing targeted treatment for infants with a brain injury, and potentially missing the therapeutic window. In this review, we discuss the emerging prophylactic, reparative, and restorative brain interventions for infants born preterm, who are at high risk of developing cerebral palsy. We examine the current evidence, considering the timing of the intervention with relation to the proposed mechanism/s of action. Finally, we consider the development of novel markers of preterm brain injury, which will undoubtedly lead to improved diagnostic and prognostic capability, and more accurate instruments to assess the efficacy of emerging interventions for this most vulnerable group of infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Finch-Edmondson
- The Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, The Children's Hospital at Westmead Clinical School, The University of Sydney Medical School, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Cerebral Palsy Alliance Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Catherine Morgan
- The Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, The Children's Hospital at Westmead Clinical School, The University of Sydney Medical School, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Cerebral Palsy Alliance Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Rod W. Hunt
- Department of Neonatal Medicine, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Neonatal Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Iona Novak
- The Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, The Children's Hospital at Westmead Clinical School, The University of Sydney Medical School, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Cerebral Palsy Alliance Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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355
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Shi M, Sheng L, Stewart T, Zabetian CP, Zhang J. New windows into the brain: Central nervous system-derived extracellular vesicles in blood. Prog Neurobiol 2019; 175:96-106. [PMID: 30685501 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes and (shedding) microvesicles, are released by nearly all cell types and carry a cargo of proteins and nucleic acids that varies by the cell of origin. They are thought to play critical roles in normal central nervous system (CNS) function and neurological disorders. A recently revealed key characteristic of EVs is that they may travel between the CNS and peripheral circulation. This property has led to intense interest in how EVs might serve as a vehicle for toxic protein clearance and as a readily accessible source of biomarkers for CNS disorders. Furthermore, by bypassing the blood-brain barrier, modified EVs could serve as a unique drug delivery system that targets specific neuronal populations. Further work is necessary to develop and optimize techniques that enable high-yield capture of relevant EV populations, analyze individual EVs and their cargos, and validate preliminary results of EV-derived biomarkers in independent cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Shi
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
| | - Lifu Sheng
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
| | - Tessandra Stewart
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
| | - Cyrus P Zabetian
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA 98108, USA; Parkinson's Disease Research, Education, and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA 98108, USA; Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98104, USA; Beijing Key Laboratory of Research and Transformation on Neurodegenerative Diseases Biomarkers, Department of Pathology, Peking University Third Hospital/Institute of Basic Science, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100083, China.
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356
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Ni H, Yang S, Siaw-Debrah F, Hu J, Wu K, He Z, Yang J, Pan S, Lin X, Ye H, Xu Z, Wang F, Jin K, Zhuge Q, Huang L. Exosomes Derived From Bone Mesenchymal Stem Cells Ameliorate Early Inflammatory Responses Following Traumatic Brain Injury. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:14. [PMID: 30733666 PMCID: PMC6354067 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of mortality and disability worldwide. Although treatment guidelines have been developed, no best treatment option or medicine for this condition exists. Recently, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)-derived exosomes have shown lots of promise for the treatment of brain disorders, with some results highlighting the neuroprotective effects through neurogenesis and angiogenesis after TBI. However, studies focusing on the role of exosomes in the early stages of neuroinflammation post-TBI are not sufficient. In this study, we investigated the role of bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs)-exosomes in attenuating neuroinflammation at an early stage post-TBI and explored the potential regulatory neuroprotective mechanism. We administered 30 μg protein of BMSCs-exosomes or an equal volume of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) via the retro-orbital route into C57BL/6 male mice 15 min after controlled cortical impact (CCI)-induced TBI. The results showed that the administration of BMSCs-exosomes reduced the lesion size and improved the neurobehavioral performance assessed by modified Neurological Severity Score (mNSS) and rotarod test. In addition, BMSCs-exosomes inhibited the expression of proapoptosis protein Bcl-2-associated X protein (BAX) and proinflammation cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-1β, while enhancing the expression of the anti-apoptosis protein B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL-2). Furthermore, BMSCs-exosomes modulated microglia/macrophage polarization by downregulating the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (INOS) and upregulating the expression of clusters of differentiation 206 (CD206) and arginase-1 (Arg1). In summary, our result shows that BMSCs-exosomes serve a neuroprotective function by inhibiting early neuroinflammation in TBI mice through modulating the polarization of microglia/macrophages. Further research into this may serve as a potential therapeutic strategy for the future treatment of TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoqi Ni
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Su Yang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Felix Siaw-Debrah
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jiangnan Hu
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | - Ke Wu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zibin He
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jianjing Yang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Sishi Pan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiao Lin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Haotuo Ye
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhu Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Kunlin Jin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States
| | - Qichuan Zhuge
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lijie Huang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aging and Neurological Disorder Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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357
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Pan D, Chang X, Xu M, Zhang M, Zhang S, Wang Y, Luo X, Xu J, Yang X, Sun X. UMSC-derived exosomes promote retinal ganglion cells survival in a rat model of optic nerve crush. J Chem Neuroanat 2019; 96:134-139. [PMID: 30639447 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic optic neuropathy or glaucoma lead to retinal ganglion cells loss and cause blindness, and there is no effective therapy strategy by far. Mesenchymal cells from the Wharton's jelly of the umbilical cord (umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells, UMSCs) and UMSC-derived exosomes (UMSC-Exos) are promising candidates for allogeneic therapy in regenerative medicine, but their effort on optic nerve injury and the underlying mechanism remains undefined. In the present study, we investigated the functions of UMSC-Exos in a rat optic nerve crush (ONC) model. After three times of treatments with an interval of one week, we found that the UMSC-Exos significantly promoted Brn3a+ retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) survival in retinal ganglion cell layer compared with PBS controls. UMSC-Exos also significantly promoted GFAP+ glia cells activation in retina and optic nerve. However, no increase of GAP43+ axon counts in the optic nerve was found after UMSC-Exos treatment. Thus, our results demonstrate that UMSC-derived exosomes may play a role in neuroprotection by promoting the RGCs survival and glia cells activation but not the axon regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyan Pan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Anatomy, Second Military Medical University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Histology and Embryology, Second Military Medical University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Chang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Second Military Medical University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengqiao Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingke Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Second Military Medical University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shoumei Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Second Military Medical University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Second Military Medical University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueting Luo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jiajun Xu
- Department of Anatomy, Second Military Medical University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiangqun Yang
- Department of Anatomy, Second Military Medical University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiaodong Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital (Shanghai First People's Hospital), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Fundus Diseases, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai, China
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358
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MiR-124 Enriched Exosomes Promoted the M2 Polarization of Microglia and Enhanced Hippocampus Neurogenesis After Traumatic Brain Injury by Inhibiting TLR4 Pathway. Neurochem Res 2019; 44:811-828. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-018-02714-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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359
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Ashammakhi N, Ahadian S, Darabi MA, El Tahchi M, Lee J, Suthiwanich K, Sheikhi A, Dokmeci MR, Oklu R, Khademhosseini A. Minimally Invasive and Regenerative Therapeutics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1804041. [PMID: 30565732 PMCID: PMC6709364 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201804041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Advances in biomaterial synthesis and fabrication, stem cell biology, bioimaging, microsurgery procedures, and microscale technologies have made minimally invasive therapeutics a viable tool in regenerative medicine. Therapeutics, herein defined as cells, biomaterials, biomolecules, and their combinations, can be delivered in a minimally invasive way to regenerate different tissues in the body, such as bone, cartilage, pancreas, cardiac, skeletal muscle, liver, skin, and neural tissues. Sophisticated methods of tracking, sensing, and stimulation of therapeutics in vivo using nano-biomaterials and soft bioelectronic devices provide great opportunities to further develop minimally invasive and regenerative therapeutics (MIRET). In general, minimally invasive delivery methods offer high yield with low risk of complications and reduced costs compared to conventional delivery methods. Here, minimally invasive approaches for delivering regenerative therapeutics into the body are reviewed. The use of MIRET to treat different tissues and organs is described. Although some clinical trials have been performed using MIRET, it is hoped that such therapeutics find wider applications to treat patients. Finally, some future perspective and challenges for this emerging field are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nureddin Ashammakhi
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Oulu University, Oulu, Finland
| | - Samad Ahadian
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Mohammad Ali Darabi
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Mario El Tahchi
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- LBMI, Department of Physics, Lebanese University - Faculty of Sciences 2, PO Box 90656, Jdeidet, Lebanon
| | - Junmin Lee
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Kasinan Suthiwanich
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Materials and Chemical Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Amir Sheikhi
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Mehmet R. Dokmeci
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Rahmi Oklu
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, USA
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT), University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California - Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Center of Nanotechnology, Department of Physics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Bioindustrial Technologies, College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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360
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Ezquer F, Quintanilla ME, Morales P, Ezquer M, Lespay-Rebolledo C, Herrera-Marschitz M, Israel Y. Activated mesenchymal stem cell administration inhibits chronic alcohol drinking and suppresses relapse-like drinking in high-alcohol drinker rats. Addict Biol 2019; 24:17-27. [PMID: 29044813 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation has been reported to follow chronic ethanol intake and may perpetuate alcohol consumption. Present studies determined the effect of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), known for their anti-inflammatory action, on chronic ethanol intake and relapse-like ethanol intake in a post-deprivation condition. Rats were allowed 12-17 weeks of chronic voluntary ethanol (10% and 20% v/v) intake, after which a single dose of activated hMSCs (5 × 105 ) was injected into a brain lateral ventricle. Control animals were administered vehicle. After assessing the effect of hMSCs on chronic ethanol intake for 1 week, animals were deprived of ethanol for 2 weeks and thereafter an ethanol re-access of 60 min was allowed to determine relapse-like intake. A single administration of activated hMSCs inhibited chronic alcohol consumption by 70% (P < 0.001), an effect seen within the first 24 hours of hMSCs administration, and reduced relapse-like drinking by 80% (P < 0.001). In the relapse-like condition, control animals attain blood ethanol ('binge-like') levels >80 mg/dl. The single hMSC administration reduced relapse-like blood ethanol levels to 20 mg/dl. Chronic ethanol intake increased by 250% (P < 0.001) the levels of reactive oxygen species in hippocampus, which were markedly reduced by hMSC administration. Astrocyte glial acidic fibrillary protein immunoreactivity, a hallmark of neuroinflammation, was increased by 60-80% (P < 0.001) by chronic ethanol intake, an effect that was fully abolished by the administration of hMSCs. This study supports the neuroinflammation-chronic ethanol intake hypothesis and suggest that mesenchymal stem cell administration may be considered in the treatment of alcohol use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Ezquer
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa; Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo; Chile
| | | | - Paola Morales
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program; Institute of Biomedical Sciences; Chile
- Department of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine; University of Chile; Chile
| | - Marcelo Ezquer
- Centro de Medicina Regenerativa; Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo; Chile
| | | | | | - Yedy Israel
- Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology Program; Institute of Biomedical Sciences; Chile
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361
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Attenuating Spinal Cord Injury by Conditioned Medium from Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells. J Clin Med 2018; 8:jcm8010023. [PMID: 30585207 PMCID: PMC6352201 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8010023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating neurological condition and might even result in death. However, current treatments are not sufficient to repair such damage. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSC) are ideal transplantable cells which have been shown to modulate the injury cascade of SCI mostly through paracrine effects. The present study investigates whether systemic administration of conditioned medium from MSCs (MSCcm) has the potential to be efficacious as an alternative to cell-based therapy for SCI. In neuron-glial cultures, MSC coculture effectively promoted neuronal connection and reduced oxygen glucose deprivation-induced cell damage. The protection was elicited even if neuron-glial culture was used to expose MSCcm, suggesting the effects possibly from released fractions of MSC. In vivo, intravenous administration of MSCcm to SCI rats significantly improved behavioral recovery from spinal cord injury, and there were increased densities of axons in the lesion site of MSCcm-treated rats compared to SCI rats. At early days postinjury, MSCcm treatment upregulated the protein levels of Olig 2 and HSP70 and also increased autophage-related proteins in the injured spinal cords. Together, these findings suggest that MSCcm treatment promotes spinal cord repair and functional recovery, possibly via activation of autophagy and enhancement of survival-related proteins.
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362
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Blaser MC, Aikawa E. Roles and Regulation of Extracellular Vesicles in Cardiovascular Mineral Metabolism. Front Cardiovasc Med 2018; 5:187. [PMID: 30622949 PMCID: PMC6308298 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2018.00187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular calcification is a multifaceted disease that is a leading independent predictor of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Recent studies have identified a calcification-prone population of extracellular vesicles as the putative elementary units of vascular microcalcification in diseased heart valves and vessels. Their action is highly context-dependent; extracellular vesicles released by smooth muscle cells, valvular interstitial cells, endothelial cells, and macrophages may promote or inhibit mineralization, depending on the phenotype of their originating cells and/or the extracellular environment to which they are released. In particular, emerging roles for vesicular microRNAs, bioactive lipids, metabolites, and protein cargoes in driving this pro-calcific switch underpin the necessity of innovative strategies to employ next-generation sequencing and omics technologies in order to better understand the pathobiology of these nano-sized entities. Furthermore, a recent body of work has emerged that centers on the novel re-purposing of extracellular vesicles and exosomes as potential therapeutic avenues for cardiovascular calcification. This review aims to highlight the role of extracellular vesicles as constituents of cardiovascular calcification and summarizes recent advances in our understanding of the biophysical nature of vesicle accumulation, aggregation, and mineralization. We also comprehensively discuss the latest evidence that extracellular vesicles act as key mediators and regulators of cell/cell communication, osteoblastic/osteoclastic differentiation, and cell/matrix interactions in cardiovascular tissues. Lastly, we highlight the importance of robust vesicle isolation and characterization when studying these phenomena, and offer a brief primer on working with cardiovascular applications of extracellular vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark C Blaser
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Elena Aikawa
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Center of Excellence in Cardiovascular Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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363
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Pacienza N, Lee RH, Bae EH, Kim DK, Liu Q, Prockop DJ, Yannarelli G. In Vitro Macrophage Assay Predicts the In Vivo Anti-inflammatory Potential of Exosomes from Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2018; 13:67-76. [PMID: 30719485 PMCID: PMC6350420 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play key roles in cell biology and may provide new clinical diagnostics and therapies. However, it has proven difficult to develop protocols for their purification and characterization. One of the major barriers in the field has been a lack of convenient assays for their bioactivity. Developing assays has not been a trivial matter, because of the heterogeneity of EVs, the multiple activities they demonstrate, and the uncertainty about their modes of action. Therefore, it is likely that multiple assays for their activities are needed. One important assay will be for the anti-inflammatory activity observed in mice after administration of the small EVs commonly referred to as exosomes. We developed an assay for the anti-inflammatory activity of exosomes with a line of mouse macrophages. The assay makes it possible to rank different preparations of exosomes by their anti-inflammatory activity, and their ranking predicts their efficacy in suppressing LPS-stimulated inflammation in mice. The assay is convenient for comparing multiple samples and, therefore, should be useful in developing protocols for the purification and characterization of anti-inflammatory exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Pacienza
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845, USA.,Laboratorio de Regulación Génica y Células Madre, Instituto de Medicina Traslacional, Trasplante y Bioingeniería (IMeTTyB), Universidad Favaloro/CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ryang Hwa Lee
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845, USA
| | - Eun-Hye Bae
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845, USA
| | - Dong-Ki Kim
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845, USA
| | - Qisong Liu
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845, USA
| | - Darwin J Prockop
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845, USA
| | - Gustavo Yannarelli
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845, USA.,Laboratorio de Regulación Génica y Células Madre, Instituto de Medicina Traslacional, Trasplante y Bioingeniería (IMeTTyB), Universidad Favaloro/CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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364
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Suh M, Lee DS. Brain Theranostics and Radiotheranostics: Exosomes and Graphenes In Vivo as Novel Brain Theranostics. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2018; 52:407-419. [PMID: 30538772 PMCID: PMC6261865 DOI: 10.1007/s13139-018-0550-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain disease is one of the greatest threats to public health. Brain theranostics is recently taking shape, indicating the treatments of stroke, inflammatory brain disorders, psychiatric diseases, neurodevelopmental disease, and neurodegenerative disease. However, several factors, such as lack of endophenotype classification, blood-brain barrier (BBB), target determination, ignorance of biodistribution after administration, and complex intercellular communication between brain cells, make brain theranostics application difficult, especially when it comes to clinical application. So, a more thorough understanding of each aspect is needed. In this review, we focus on recent studies regarding the role of exosomes in intercellular communication of brain cells, therapeutic effect of graphene quantum dots, transcriptomics/epitranscriptomics approach for target selection, and in vitro/in vivo considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minseok Suh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080 Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080 Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Soo Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080 Republic of Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080 Republic of Korea
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365
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Khan AR, Yang X, Fu M, Zhai G. Recent progress of drug nanoformulations targeting to brain. J Control Release 2018; 291:37-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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366
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Li D, Zhang P, Yao X, Li H, Shen H, Li X, Wu J, Lu X. Exosomes Derived From miR-133b-Modified Mesenchymal Stem Cells Promote Recovery After Spinal Cord Injury. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:845. [PMID: 30524227 PMCID: PMC6262643 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) has been found in injured spinal cords after spinal cord injury (SCI). Previous studies have shown that miR-133b plays an important role in the differentiation of neurons and the outgrowth of neurites. Recently, exosomes have been used as novel biological vehicles to transfer miRNAs locally or systemically, but little is known about the effect of the delivery of exosome-mediated miRNAs on the treatment of SCI. In the present study, we observed that mesenchymal stem cells, the most common cell types known to produce exosomes, could package miR-133b into secreted exosomes. After SCI, tail vein injection of miR-133b exosomes into rats significantly improved the recovery of hindlimb function when compared to control groups. Additionally, treatment with miR-133b exosomes reduced the volume of the lesion, preserved neuronal cells, and promoted the regeneration of axons after SCI. We next observed that the expression of RhoA, a direct target of miR-133b, was decreased in the miR-133b exosome group. Moreover, we showed that miR-133b exosomes activated ERK1/2, STAT3, and CREB, which are signaling pathway proteins involved in the survival of neurons and the regeneration of axons. In summary, these findings demonstrated that systemically injecting miR-133b exosomes preserved neurons, promoted the regeneration of axons, and improved the recovery of hindlimb locomotor function following SCI, suggesting that the transfer of exosome-mediated miRNAs represents a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lianyungang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lianyungang, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiyang Yao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Haiying Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Haitao Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jiang Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaocheng Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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367
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Karnati HK, Garcia JH, Tweedie D, Becker RE, Kapogiannis D, Greig NH. Neuronal Enriched Extracellular Vesicle Proteins as Biomarkers for Traumatic Brain Injury. J Neurotrauma 2018; 36:975-987. [PMID: 30039737 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2018.5898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of injury-related death throughout the world and lacks effective treatment. Surviving TBI patients often develop neuropsychiatric symptoms, and the molecular mechanisms underlying the neuronal damage and recovery following TBI are not well understood. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membranous nanoparticles that are divided into exosomes (originating in the endosomal/multi-vesicular body [MVB] system) and microvesicles (larger EVs produced through budding of the plasma membrane). Both types of EVs are generated by all cells and are secreted into the extracellular environment, and participate in cell-to-cell communication and protein and RNA delivery. EVs enriched for neuronal origin can be harvested from peripheral blood samples and their contents quantitatively examined as a window to follow potential changes occurring in brain. Recent studies suggest that the levels of exosomal proteins and microRNAs (miRNAs) may represent novel biomarkers to support the clinical diagnosis and potential response to treatment for neurological disorders. In this review, we focus on the biogenesis of EVs, their molecular composition, and recent advances in research of their contents as potential diagnostic tools for TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanuma Kumar Karnati
- 1 Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Joseph H Garcia
- 1 Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - David Tweedie
- 1 Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Robert E Becker
- 1 Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland.,2 Aristea Translational Medicine Corporation, Park City, Utah
| | - Dimitrios Kapogiannis
- 3 Laboratory of Neurosciences, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Nigel H Greig
- 1 Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland
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368
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Sun B, Peng J, Wang S, Liu X, Zhang K, Zhang Z, Wang C, Jing X, Zhou C, Wang Y. Applications of stem cell-derived exosomes in tissue engineering and neurological diseases. Rev Neurosci 2018; 29:531-546. [PMID: 29267178 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2017-0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles with diameters of 30-100 nm that are key for intercellular communication. Almost all types of cell, including dendritic cells, T cells, mast cells, epithelial cells, neuronal cells, adipocytes, mesenchymal stem cells, and platelets, can release exosomes. Exosomes are present in human body fluids, such as urine, amniotic fluid, malignant ascites, synovial fluid, breast milk, cerebrospinal fluid, semen, saliva, and blood. Exosomes have biological functions in immune response, antigen presentation, intercellular communication, and RNA and protein transfer. This review provides a brief overview of the origin, morphological characteristics, enrichment and identification methods, biological functions, and applications in tissue engineering and neurological diseases of exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baichuan Sun
- First Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154000, China.,Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Jiang Peng
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.,Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226000, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopaedics, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Shoufeng Wang
- First Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154000, China
| | - Xuejian Liu
- First Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154000, China
| | - Kaihong Zhang
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Zengzeng Zhang
- First Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154000, China
| | - Chong Wang
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Xiaoguang Jing
- First Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154000, China
| | - Chengfu Zhou
- First Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi 154000, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Institute of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China.,Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong 226000, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopaedics, Beijing 100853, China
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369
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Zibara K, Ballout N, Mondello S, Karnib N, Ramadan N, Omais S, Nabbouh A, Caliz D, Clavijo A, Hu Z, Ghanem N, Gajavelli S, Kobeissy F. Combination of drug and stem cells neurotherapy: Potential interventions in neurotrauma and traumatic brain injury. Neuropharmacology 2018; 145:177-198. [PMID: 30267729 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been recognized as one of the major public health issues that leads to devastating neurological disability. As a consequence of primary and secondary injury phases, neuronal loss following brain trauma leads to pathophysiological alterations on the molecular and cellular levels that severely impact the neuropsycho-behavioral and motor outcomes. Thus, to mitigate the neuropathological sequelae post-TBI such as cerebral edema, inflammation and neural degeneration, several neurotherapeutic options have been investigated including drug intervention, stem cell use and combinational therapies. These treatments aim to ameliorate cellular degeneration, motor decline, cognitive and behavioral deficits. Recently, the use of neural stem cells (NSCs) coupled with selective drug therapy has emerged as an alternative treatment option for neural regeneration and behavioral rehabilitation post-neural injury. Given their neuroprotective abilities, NSC-based neurotherapy has been widely investigated and well-reported in numerous disease models, notably in trauma studies. In this review, we will elaborate on current updates in cell replacement therapy in the area of neurotrauma. In addition, we will discuss novel combination drug therapy treatments that have been investigated in conjunction with stem cells to overcome the limitations associated with stem cell transplantation. Understanding the regenerative capacities of stem cell and drug combination therapy will help improve functional recovery and brain repair post-TBI. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled "Novel Treatments for Traumatic Brain Injury".
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazem Zibara
- ER045, Laboratory of Stem Cells, PRASE, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon; Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences-I, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nissrine Ballout
- ER045, Laboratory of Stem Cells, PRASE, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Stefania Mondello
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Nabil Karnib
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Naify Ramadan
- Department of Women's and Children's Health (KBH), Division of Clinical Pediatrics, Karolinska Institute, Sweden
| | - Saad Omais
- Department of Biology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ali Nabbouh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Daniela Caliz
- Lois Pope LIFE Center, Neurosurgery, University of Miami, 33136, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Angelica Clavijo
- Lois Pope LIFE Center, Neurosurgery, University of Miami, 33136, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Zhen Hu
- Lois Pope LIFE Center, Neurosurgery, University of Miami, 33136, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Noël Ghanem
- Department of Biology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Shyam Gajavelli
- Lois Pope LIFE Center, Neurosurgery, University of Miami, 33136, Miami, FL, USA.
| | - Firas Kobeissy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Lebanon; Program for Neurotrauma, Neuroproteomics & Biomarkers Research, Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
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370
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Wang F, Tang H, Zhu J, Zhang JH. Transplanting Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Treatment of Ischemic Stroke. Cell Transplant 2018; 27:1825-1834. [PMID: 30251564 PMCID: PMC6300770 DOI: 10.1177/0963689718795424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a major disease that leads to high mortality and morbidity. Given the ageing population and the potential risk factors, the prevalence of stroke and socioeconomic burden associated with stroke are expected to increase. During the past decade, both prophylactic and therapeutic strategies for stroke have made significant progress. However, current therapies still cannot adequately improve the outcomes of stroke and may not apply to all patients. One of the significant advances in modern medicine is cell-derived neurovascular regeneration and neuronal repair. Progress in stem cell biology has greatly contributed to ameliorating stroke-related brain injuries in preclinical studies and demonstrated clinical potential in stroke treatment. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have the differentiating potential of chondrocytes, adipocytes, and osteoblasts, and they have the ability to transdifferentiate into endothelial cells, glial cells, and neurons. Due to their great plasticity, MSCs have drawn much attention from the scientific community. This review will focus on MSCs, stem cells widely utilized in current medical research, and evaluate their effect and potential of improving outcomes in ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Wang
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Fudan University Huashan Hospital, National Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, the Institutes of Brain Science and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,2 Department of Neurology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Hailiang Tang
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Fudan University Huashan Hospital, National Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, the Institutes of Brain Science and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianhong Zhu
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Fudan University Huashan Hospital, National Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, the Institutes of Brain Science and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - John H Zhang
- 3 Center for Neuroscience Research, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, CA, USA
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371
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Leavitt RJ, Limoli CL, Baulch JE. miRNA-based therapeutic potential of stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles: a safe cell-free treatment to ameliorate radiation-induced brain injury. Int J Radiat Biol 2018; 95:427-435. [PMID: 30252569 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2018.1522012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This review compiles what is known about extracellular vesicles (EVs), their bioactive cargo, and how they might be used to treat radiation-induced brain injury. Radiotherapy (RT) is effective in cancer treatment, but can cause substantial damage to normal central nervous system tissue. Stem cell therapy has been shown to be effective in treating cognitive dysfunction arising from RT, but there remain safety concerns when grafting foreign stem cells into the brain (i.e. immunogenicity, teratoma). These limitations prompted the search for cell-free alternatives, and pointed to EVs that have been shown to have similar ameliorating effects in other tissues and injury models. CONCLUSIONS EVs are nano-scale and lipid-bound vesicles that readily pass the blood-brain barrier. Arguably the most important bioactive cargo within EVs are RNAs, in particular microRNAs (miRNA). A single miRNA can modulate entire gene networks and signalling within the recipient cell. Determining functionally relevant miRNA could lead to therapeutic treatments where synthetically-derived EVs are used as delivery vectors for miRNA. Stem cell-derived EVs can be effective in treating brain injury including radiation-induced cognitive deficits. Of particular interest are systemic modes of administration which obviate the need for invasive procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ron J Leavitt
- a Department of Radiation Oncology , University of California Irvine , Irvine , CA , USA
| | - Charles L Limoli
- a Department of Radiation Oncology , University of California Irvine , Irvine , CA , USA
| | - Janet E Baulch
- a Department of Radiation Oncology , University of California Irvine , Irvine , CA , USA
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372
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Pinheiro A, Silva AM, Teixeira JH, Gonçalves RM, Almeida MI, Barbosa MA, Santos SG. Extracellular vesicles: intelligent delivery strategies for therapeutic applications. J Control Release 2018; 289:56-69. [PMID: 30261205 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2018.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EV), in particular exosomes, have been the object of intense research, due to their potential to mediate intercellular communication, modulating the phenotype of target cells. The natural properties and functions of EV are being exploited as biomarkers for disease diagnosis and prognosis, and as nano-bio-carriers for the development of new therapeutic strategies. EV have been particularly examined in the field of cancer, but are also increasingly investigated in other areas, like immune-related diseases and regenerative medicine. In this review, the therapeutic use of EV as drug delivery systems is described, balancing the advantages and drawbacks of different routes for their in vivo administration. Systemic and local delivery of EV are discussed, tackling the persisting difficulties in the assessment of their pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and biodistribution in vivo. Finally, we discuss the future perspectives for incorporating EV into delivery systems and their use for an improved and controlled release of EV in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Pinheiro
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde da Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; FEUP - Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Andreia M Silva
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde da Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - José H Teixeira
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde da Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Raquel M Gonçalves
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde da Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria I Almeida
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde da Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Mário A Barbosa
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde da Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Susana G Santos
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde da Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.
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373
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Druzhkova TA, Yakovlev AA. Exosome Drug Delivery through the Blood–Brain Barrier: Experimental Approaches and Potential Applications. NEUROCHEM J+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712418030030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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374
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El-Azab NEE, El-Mahalaway AM, Mostafa O, Sabry D. Histological and immunohistochemical study of the potential therapeutic impacts of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and exosomes for sciatic nerve crush injury model in rats. J Histotechnol 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/01478885.2018.1505205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nahla El-Eraky El-Azab
- Benha Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Abeer M. El-Mahalaway
- Benha Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Ola Mostafa
- Benha Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Cell Biology, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Dina Sabry
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and molecular biology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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375
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Zhang K, Zhao X, Chen X, Wei Y, Du W, Wang Y, Liu L, Zhao W, Han Z, Kong D, Zhao Q, Guo Z, Han Z, Liu N, Ma F, Li Z. Enhanced Therapeutic Effects of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes with an Injectable Hydrogel for Hindlimb Ischemia Treatment. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:30081-30091. [PMID: 30118197 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b08449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived exosomes have been recognized as new candidates for cell-free treatment of various diseases. However, maintaining the retention and stability of exosomes over time in vivo after transplantation is a major challenge in the clinical application of MSC-derived exosomes. Here, we investigated if human placenta-derived MSC-derived exosomes incorporated with chitosan hydrogel could boost the retention and stability of exosomes and further enhance their therapeutic effects. Our results demonstrated that chitosan hydrogel notably increased the stability of proteins and microRNAs in exosomes, as well as augmented the retention of exosomes in vivo as confirmed by Gaussia luciferase imaging. In addition, we assessed endothelium-protective and proangiogenesis abilities of hydrogel-incorporated exosomes in vitro. Meanwhile, we evaluated the therapeutic function of hydrogel-incorporated exosomes in a murine model of hindlimb ischemia. Our data demonstrated that chitosan hydrogel could enhance the retention and stability of exosomes and further augment the therapeutic effects for hindlimb ischemia as revealed by firefly luciferase imaging of angiogenesis. The strategy used in this study may facilitate the development of easy and effective approaches for assessing and enhancing the therapeutic effects of stem cell-derived exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Linan Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center & Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, and Department of Biological Chemistry , University of California , Irvine 92697 , United States
| | - Weian Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center & Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, and Department of Biological Chemistry , University of California , Irvine 92697 , United States
| | - Zhibo Han
- Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Perinatal Stem Cells , Beijing Institute of Health and Stem Cells, Health & Biotech Co. , Beijing 100176 , China
- State Key Lab of Experimental Hematology , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College , Tianjin 300020 , China
| | | | | | - Zhikun Guo
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration , Xinxiang Medical University , Xinxiang 453003 , China
| | - Zhongchao Han
- Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Perinatal Stem Cells , Beijing Institute of Health and Stem Cells, Health & Biotech Co. , Beijing 100176 , China
| | | | - Fengxia Ma
- State Key Lab of Experimental Hematology , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College , Tianjin 300020 , China
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376
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Endisha H, Rockel J, Jurisica I, Kapoor M. The complex landscape of microRNAs in articular cartilage: biology, pathology, and therapeutic targets. JCI Insight 2018; 3:121630. [PMID: 30185670 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.121630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The disabling degenerative disease osteoarthritis (OA) is prevalent among the global population. Articular cartilage degeneration is a central feature of OA; therefore, a better understanding of the mechanisms that maintain cartilage homeostasis is vital for developing effective therapeutic interventions. MicroRNAs (miRs) modulate cell signaling pathways and various processes in articular cartilage via posttranscriptional repression of target genes. As dysregulated miRs frequently alter the homeostasis of articular cartilage, modulating select miRs presents a potential therapeutic opportunity for OA. Here, we review key miRs that have been shown to modulate cartilage-protective or -destructive mechanisms and signaling pathways. Additionally, we use an integrative computational biology approach to provide insight into predicted miR gene targets that may contribute to OA pathogenesis, and highlight the complexity of miR signaling in OA by generating both unique and overlapping gene targets of miRs that mediate protective or destructive effects. Early OA detection would enable effective prevention; thus, miRs are being explored as diagnostic biomarkers. We discuss these ongoing efforts and the applicability of miR mimics and antisense inhibitors as potential OA therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helal Endisha
- Arthritis Program, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Genetics and Development, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Surgery and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jason Rockel
- Arthritis Program, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Genetics and Development, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Igor Jurisica
- Arthritis Program, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Genetics and Development, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Departments of Medical Biophysics and Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Mohit Kapoor
- Arthritis Program, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Genetics and Development, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Surgery and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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377
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Zhang Y, Chopp M, Rex CS, Simmon VF, Sarraf ST, Zhang ZG, Mahmood A, Xiong Y. A Small Molecule Spinogenic Compound Enhances Functional Outcome and Dendritic Spine Plasticity in a Rat Model of Traumatic Brain Injury. J Neurotrauma 2018; 36:589-600. [PMID: 30014757 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2018.5790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The tetra (ethylene glycol) derivative of benzothiazole aniline (SPG101) has been shown to improve dendritic spine density and cognitive memory in the triple transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer disease (AD) when administered intraperitoneally. The present study was designed to investigate the therapeutic effects of SPG101 on dendritic spine density and morphology and sensorimotor and cognitive functional recovery in a rat model of traumatic brain injury (TBI) induced by controlled cortical impact (CCI). Young adult male Wistar rats with CCI were randomly divided into the following two groups (n = 7/group): (1) Vehicle, and (2) SPG101. SPG101 (30 mg/kg) dissolved in vehicle (1% dimethyl sulfoxide in phosphate buffered saline) or Vehicle were intraperitoneally administered starting at 1 h post-injury and once daily for the next 34 days. Sensorimotor deficits were assessed using a modified neurological severity score and adhesive removal and foot fault tests. Cognitive function was measured by Morris water maze, novel object recognition (NOR), and three-chamber social recognition tests. The animals were sacrificed 35 days after injury, and their brains were processed for measurement of dendritic spine density and morphology using ballistic dye labeling. Compared with the vehicle treatment, SPG101 treatment initiated 1 h post-injury significantly improved sensorimotor functional recovery (days 7-35, p < 0.0001), spatial learning (days 32-35, p < 0.0001), NOR (days 14 and 35, p < 0.0001), social recognition (days 14 and 35, p < 0.0001). Further, treatment significantly increased dendritic spine density in the injured cortex (p < 0.05), decreased heterogeneous distribution of spine lengths in the injured cortex and hippocampus (p < 0.0001), modifications that are associated with the promotion of spine maturation in these brain regions. In summary, treatment with SPG101 initiated 1 h post-injury and continued for an additional 34 days improves both sensorimotor and cognitive functional recovery, indicating that SPG101 acts as a spinogenic agent and may have potential as a novel treatment of TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlu Zhang
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit, Michigan
| | - Michael Chopp
- 2 Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit, Michigan.,3 Department of Physics, Oakland University , Rochester, Michigan
| | | | | | | | - Zheng Gang Zhang
- 2 Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit, Michigan
| | - Asim Mahmood
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit, Michigan
| | - Ye Xiong
- 1 Department of Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Hospital , Detroit, Michigan
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378
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Otani K, Yokoya M, Kodama T, Hori K, Matsumoto K, Okada M, Yamawaki H. Plasma exosomes regulate systemic blood pressure in rats. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 503:776-783. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.06.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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379
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Zhao RT, Zhou J, Dong XL, Bi CW, Jiang RC, Dong JF, Tian Y, Yuan HJ, Zhang JN. Circular Ribonucleic Acid Expression Alteration in Exosomes from the Brain Extracellular Space after Traumatic Brain Injury in Mice. J Neurotrauma 2018; 35:2056-2066. [PMID: 29409384 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2017.5502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rui-ting Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ju Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin-long Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chong-wen Bi
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Rong-cai Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing-fei Dong
- Bloodworks Research Institute, Bloodworks Northwest, Seattle, Washington
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Ye Tian
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Heng-jie Yuan
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jian-ning Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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380
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Qing L, Chen H, Tang J, Jia X. Exosomes and Their MicroRNA Cargo: New Players in Peripheral Nerve Regeneration. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2018; 32:765-776. [PMID: 30223738 PMCID: PMC6146407 DOI: 10.1177/1545968318798955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury is a major clinical problem and often results in a poor functional recovery. Despite obvious clinical need, treatment strategies have been largely suboptimal. In the nervous system, exosomes, which are nanosized extracellular vesicles, play a critical role in mediating intercellular communication. More specifically, microRNA carried by exosomes are involved in various key processes such as nerve and vascular regeneration, and exosomes originating from Schwann cells, macrophages, and mesenchymal stem cells can promote peripheral nerve regeneration. In this review, the current knowledge of exosomes' and their miRNA cargo's role in peripheral nerve regeneration are summarized. The possible future roles of exosomes in therapy and the potential for microRNA-containing exosomes to treat peripheral nerve injuries are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Qing
- Department of Hand & Microsurgery, Xiangya Hospital of
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of
Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Huanwen Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of
Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Juyu Tang
- Department of Hand & Microsurgery, Xiangya Hospital of
Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008
| | - Xiaofeng Jia
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Maryland School of
Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Maryland School of
Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland
School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University
School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns
Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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381
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Willis GR, Fernandez-Gonzalez A, Reis M, Mitsialis SA, Kourembanas S. Macrophage Immunomodulation: The Gatekeeper for Mesenchymal Stem Cell Derived-Exosomes in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension? Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092534. [PMID: 30150544 PMCID: PMC6164282 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive disease characterized by remodeling of the pulmonary arteries, increased pulmonary infiltrates, loss of vascular cross-sectional area, and elevated pulmonary vascular resistance. Despite recent advances in the management of PAH, there is a pressing need for the development of new tools to effectively treat and reduce the risk of further complications. Dysregulated immunity underlies the development of PAH, and macrophages orchestrate both the initiation and resolution of pulmonary inflammation, thus, manipulation of lung macrophage function represents an attractive target for emerging immunomodulatory therapies, including cell-based approaches. Indeed, mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based therapies have shown promise, effectively modulating the macrophage fulcrum to favor an anti-inflammatory, pro-resolving phenotype, which is associated with both histological and functional benefits in preclinical models of pulmonary hypertension (PH). The complex interplay between immune system homeostasis and MSCs remains incompletely understood. Here, we highlight the importance of macrophage function in models of PH and summarize the development of MSC-based therapies, focusing on the significance of MSC exosomes (MEx) and the immunomodulatory and homeostatic mechanisms by which such therapies may afford their beneficial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gareth R Willis
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Angeles Fernandez-Gonzalez
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Monica Reis
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - S Alex Mitsialis
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Stella Kourembanas
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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382
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Ain QU, Woo YS, Chung JY, Kim YH. Regeneration of Anti-Hypoxic Myocardial Cells by Transduction of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes Containing Tat-Metallothionein Fusion Proteins. Macromol Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-018-6101-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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383
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Williams AM, Dennahy IS, Bhatti UF, Halaweish I, Xiong Y, Chang P, Nikolian VC, Chtraklin K, Brown J, Zhang Y, Zhang ZG, Chopp M, Buller B, Alam HB. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomes Provide Neuroprotection and Improve Long-Term Neurologic Outcomes in a Swine Model of Traumatic Brain Injury and Hemorrhagic Shock. J Neurotrauma 2018; 36:54-60. [PMID: 29690826 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2018.5711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Combined traumatic brain injury (TBI) and hemorrhagic shock (HS) remains a leading cause of preventable death worldwide. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes have demonstrated promise in small animal models of neurologic injury. To investigate the effects of exosome treatment in a clinically realistic large animal model, Yorkshire swine underwent TBI and HS. Animals were maintained in shock for 2 h before resuscitation with normal saline (NS). Animals were then resuscitated either with NS (3 × volume of shed blood) or with the same volume of NS with delayed exosome administration (1 × 1013 particles/4 mL) (n = 5/cohort). Exosomes were administered 9 h post-injury, and on post-injury days (PID) 1, 5, 9, and 13. Neurologic severity scores (NSS) were assessed for 30 days, and neurocognitive functions were objectively measured. Exosome-treated animals had significantly lower NSS (p < 0.05) during the first five days of recovery. Exosome-treated animals also had a significantly shorter time to complete neurologic recovery (NSS = 0) compared with animals given NS alone (days to recovery: NS = 16.8 ± 10.6; NS + exosomes = 5.6 ± 2.8; p = 0.03). Animals treated with exosomes initiated neurocognitive testing earlier (days to initiation: NS = 9.6 ± 0.5 vs. NS + exosomes = 4.2 ± 0.8; p = 0.008); however, no difference was seen in time to mastery of tasks. In conclusion, treatment with exosomes attenuates the severity of neurologic injury and allows for faster neurologic recovery in a clinically realistic large animal model of TBI and HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron M Williams
- 1 Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Isabel S Dennahy
- 1 Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Umar F Bhatti
- 1 Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Ihab Halaweish
- 1 Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Ye Xiong
- 2 Department of Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Panpan Chang
- 1 Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Vahagn C Nikolian
- 1 Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Kiril Chtraklin
- 1 Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jordana Brown
- 1 Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Yanlu Zhang
- 2 Department of Neurosurgery, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Zheng Gang Zhang
- 3 Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Michael Chopp
- 3 Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan.,4 Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan
| | - Benjamin Buller
- 3 Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan
| | - Hasan B Alam
- 1 Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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384
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Patel NA, Moss LD, Lee JY, Tajiri N, Acosta S, Hudson C, Parag S, Cooper DR, Borlongan CV, Bickford PC. Long noncoding RNA MALAT1 in exosomes drives regenerative function and modulates inflammation-linked networks following traumatic brain injury. J Neuroinflammation 2018; 15:204. [PMID: 30001722 PMCID: PMC6044101 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-018-1240-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroinflammation is a common therapeutic target for traumatic brain injury (TBI) due to its contribution to delayed secondary cell death and has the potential to occur for years after the initial insult. Exosomes from adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) containing the long noncoding RNA MALAT1 are a novel, cell-free regenerative approach to long-term recovery after traumatic brain injury (TBI) that have the potential to modulate inflammation at the genomic level. The long noncoding RNA MALAT1 has been shown to be an important component of the secretome of hASCs. METHODS We isolated exosomes from hASC containing or depleted of MALAT1. The hASC-derived exosomes were then administered intravenously to rats following a mild controlled cortical impact (CCI). We followed the rats with behavior, in vivo imaging, histology, and RNA sequencing (RNA Seq). RESULTS Using in vivo imaging, we show that exosomes migrate into the spleen within 1 h following administration and enter the brain several hours later following TBI. Significant recovery of function on motor behavior as well as a reduction in cortical brain injury was observed after TBI in rats treated with exosomes. Treatment with either exosomes depleted of MALAT1 or conditioned media depleted of exosomes showed limited regenerative effects, demonstrating the importance of MALAT1 in exosome-mediated recovery. Analysis of the brain and spleen transcriptome using RNA Seq showed MALAT1-dependent modulation of inflammation-related pathways, cell cycle, cell death, and regenerative molecular pathways. Importantly, our data demonstrates that MALAT1 regulates expression of other noncoding RNAs including snoRNAs. CONCLUSION We demonstrate that MALAT1 in hASC-derived exosomes modulates multiple therapeutic targets, including inflammation, and has tremendous therapeutic potential for treatment of TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niketa A. Patel
- 0000 0001 0624 9286grid.281075.9James A Haley Veterans Hospital, Research Service, Tampa, FL USA ,0000 0001 2353 285Xgrid.170693.aDepartment of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612 USA
| | - Lauren Daly Moss
- 0000 0001 2353 285Xgrid.170693.aDepartment of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL USA
| | - Jea-Young Lee
- 0000 0001 2353 285Xgrid.170693.aDepartment of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL USA
| | - Naoki Tajiri
- 0000 0001 2353 285Xgrid.170693.aDepartment of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL USA ,0000 0001 0728 1069grid.260433.0Present address: Department of Neurophysiology & Brain Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences & Medical School, Nagoya City University, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8601 Japan
| | - Sandra Acosta
- 0000 0001 2353 285Xgrid.170693.aDepartment of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL USA
| | - Charles Hudson
- 0000 0001 0624 9286grid.281075.9James A Haley Veterans Hospital, Research Service, Tampa, FL USA
| | - Sajan Parag
- 0000 0001 2353 285Xgrid.170693.aDepartment of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612 USA
| | - Denise R. Cooper
- 0000 0001 0624 9286grid.281075.9James A Haley Veterans Hospital, Research Service, Tampa, FL USA ,0000 0001 2353 285Xgrid.170693.aDepartment of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612 USA
| | - Cesario V. Borlongan
- 0000 0001 2353 285Xgrid.170693.aDepartment of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL USA ,0000 0001 2353 285Xgrid.170693.aUSF Health Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair MDC-78, 12901 Bruce B Downs, Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612 USA
| | - Paula C. Bickford
- 0000 0001 0624 9286grid.281075.9James A Haley Veterans Hospital, Research Service, Tampa, FL USA ,0000 0001 2353 285Xgrid.170693.aDepartment of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL USA ,0000 0001 2353 285Xgrid.170693.aUSF Health Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair MDC-78, 12901 Bruce B Downs, Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612 USA
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385
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Harischandra DS, Ghaisas S, Rokad D, Kanthasamy AG. Exosomes in Toxicology: Relevance to Chemical Exposure and Pathogenesis of Environmentally Linked Diseases. Toxicol Sci 2018; 158:3-13. [PMID: 28505322 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfx074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic exposure to environmental toxins has been known to initiate or aggravate various neurological disorders, carcinomas and other adverse health effects. Uptake by naïve cells of pathogenic factors such as danger-associated molecules, mRNAs, miRNAs or aggregated proteins leads to disruption in cellular homeostasis further resulting in inflammation and disease propagation. Although early research tended to focus solely on exosomal removal of unwanted cellular contents, more recent reports indicate that these nano-vesicles play an active role in intercellular signaling. Not only is the exosomal cargo cell type-specific, but it also differs between healthy and dying cells. Moreover, following exosome uptake by naïve cells, the contents from these vesicles can alter the fate of recipient cells. Since exosomes can traverse long distances, they can influence distantly located cells and tissues. This review briefly explores the role played by environmental toxins in stimulating exosome release in the context of progressive neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's, as well as certain cancers such as lung, liver, ovarian, and tracheal carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilshan S Harischandra
- Parkinson Disorders Research Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
| | - Shivani Ghaisas
- Parkinson Disorders Research Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
| | - Dharmin Rokad
- Parkinson Disorders Research Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
| | - Anumantha G Kanthasamy
- Parkinson Disorders Research Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa Center for Advanced Neurotoxicology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011
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386
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Mesenchymal stromal cell-derived extracellular vesicles: regenerative and immunomodulatory effects and potential applications in sepsis. Cell Tissue Res 2018; 374:1-15. [PMID: 29955951 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-018-2871-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal (stem) cells (MSCs) have multipotent differentiation capacity and exist in nearly all forms of post-natal organs and tissues. The immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory properties of MSCs have made them an ideal candidate in the treatment of diseases, such as sepsis, in which inflammation plays a critical role. One of the key mechanisms of MSCs appears to derive from their paracrine activity. Recent studies have demonstrated that MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) are at least partially responsible for the paracrine effect. MSC-EVs transfer molecules (such as proteins/peptides, mRNA, microRNA and lipids) with immunoregulatory properties to recipient cells. MSC-EVs have been shown to mimic MSCs in alleviating sepsis and may serve as an alternative to whole cell therapy. Compared with MSCs, MSC-EVs may offer specific advantages due to lower immunogenicity and higher safety profile. The first two sections of the review discuss the preclinical and clinical findings of MSCs in sepsis. Next, we review the characteristics of EVs and MSC-EVs. Then, we summarize the mechanisms of MSC-EVs, including tissue regeneration and immunomodulation. Finally, our review presents the evidences that MSC-EVs are effective in treating models of sepsis. In conclusion, MSC-EVs may have the potential to become a novel therapeutic strategy for sepsis.
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387
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Kenney K, Qu BX, Lai C, Devoto C, Motamedi V, Walker WC, Levin HS, Nolen T, Wilde EA, Diaz-Arrastia R, Gill J. Higher exosomal phosphorylated tau and total tau among veterans with combat-related repetitive chronic mild traumatic brain injury. Brain Inj 2018; 32:1276-1284. [PMID: 29889559 DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2018.1483530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of the study is to measure plasma and exosomal levels of tau, phosphorylated tau (p-tau), and amyloid beta (Aβ) in Veterans with historical mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and chronic neuropsychological symptoms. METHODS Tau, p-tau, Aβ40, and Aβ42 were measured by ultrasensitive immunoassay in plasma and exosomes from 195 Veterans enrolled in the Chronic Effects of Neurotrauma Consortium Multicenter Observational Study. Protein biomarkers were compared among groups with and without mTBI with loss of consciousness (LOC) or post-traumatic amnesia (PTA), and also in those with and without repetitive (≥3) mTBI (rTBI) compared to those with 0 (TBI-neg) and 1-2 mTBI. RESULTS There were no differences in measures of plasma and exosomal protein levels among mTBI with LOC or PTA, mTBI with alteration of consciousness only or TBI-neg. Exosomal tau and exosomal p-tau were elevated in rTBI compared to those with 2 or fewer mTBIs and TBI-neg (p < 0.05). Elevations of exosomal tau and p-tau significantly correlated with post-traumatic and post-concussive symptoms, with exosomal tau also relating specifically to cognitive, affective, and somatic post-concussive symptoms (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION rTBI is associated with elevations of exosomal p-tau and exosomal tau, suggesting that blood-based exosomes may provide a peripheral source of informative, centrally derived biomarkers in remote mTBI and that rTBI may contribute to chronic neuropsychological symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimbra Kenney
- a Department of Neurology , Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda , MD , USA.,b National Intrepid Center of Excellence , Walter Reed National Military Medical Center , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - Bao-Xi Qu
- a Department of Neurology , Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - Chen Lai
- c National Institutes of Health , National Institute of Nursing Research , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - Christina Devoto
- c National Institutes of Health , National Institute of Nursing Research , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - Vida Motamedi
- c National Institutes of Health , National Institute of Nursing Research , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - William C Walker
- d Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation , Virginia Commonwealth University , Richmond , VA , USA
| | - Harvey S Levin
- e Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation , Baylor College of Medicine , Houston , TX , USA.,f VA Rehabilitation Research Center of Excellence , Michael E DeBakey VA Medical Center , Houston , TX , USA
| | - Tracy Nolen
- g RTI International , Research Triangle Park NC , USA
| | - Elisabeth A Wilde
- e Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation , Baylor College of Medicine , Houston , TX , USA.,f VA Rehabilitation Research Center of Excellence , Michael E DeBakey VA Medical Center , Houston , TX , USA.,h Department of Neurology , University of Utah School of Medicine , Salt Lake City , UT , USA
| | - Ramon Diaz-Arrastia
- i Department of Neurology , University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia , PA , USA
| | - Jessica Gill
- c National Institutes of Health , National Institute of Nursing Research , Bethesda , MD , USA.,j Center for Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine, Biomarker Core , Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda , MD , USA
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388
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Xiong Y, Mahmood A, Chopp M. Current understanding of neuroinflammation after traumatic brain injury and cell-based therapeutic opportunities. Chin J Traumatol 2018; 21:137-151. [PMID: 29764704 PMCID: PMC6034172 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjtee.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains a major cause of death and disability worldwide. Increasing evidence indicates that TBI is an important risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and chronic traumatic encephalopathy. Despite improved supportive and rehabilitative care of TBI patients, unfortunately, all late phase clinical trials in TBI have yet to yield a safe and effective neuroprotective treatment. The disappointing clinical trials may be attributed to variability in treatment approaches and heterogeneity of the population of TBI patients as well as a race against time to prevent or reduce inexorable cell death. TBI is not just an acute event but a chronic disease. Among many mechanisms involved in secondary injury after TBI, emerging preclinical studies indicate that posttraumatic prolonged and progressive neuroinflammation is associated with neurodegeneration which may be treatable long after the initiating brain injury. This review provides an overview of recent understanding of neuroinflammation in TBI and preclinical cell-based therapies that target neuroinflammation and promote functional recovery after TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Xiong
- Department of Neurosurgery Henry Ford Health System, 2799 West Grand Boulevard, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.
| | - Asim Mahmood
- Department of Neurosurgery Henry Ford Health System, 2799 West Grand Boulevard, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Michael Chopp
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, 2799 West Grand Boulevard, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA; Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA
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389
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Putatunda R, Bethea JR, Hu WH. Potential immunotherapies for traumatic brain and spinal cord injury. Chin J Traumatol 2018; 21:125-136. [PMID: 29759918 PMCID: PMC6033730 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjtee.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic injury of the central nervous system (CNS) including brain and spinal cord remains a leading cause of morbidity and disability in the world. Delineating the mechanisms underlying the secondary and persistent injury versus the primary and transient injury has been drawing extensive attention for study during the past few decades. The sterile neuroinflammation during the secondary phase of injury has been frequently identified substrate underlying CNS injury, but as of now, no conclusive studies have determined whether this is a beneficial or detrimental role in the context of repair. Recent pioneering studies have demonstrated the key roles for the innate and adaptive immune responses in regulating sterile neuroinflammation and CNS repair. Some promising immunotherapeutic strategies have been recently developed for the treatment of CNS injury. This review updates the recent progress on elucidating the roles of the innate and adaptive immune responses in the context of CNS injury, the development and characterization of potential immunotherapeutics, as well as outstanding questions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raj Putatunda
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, 3500 N Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John R. Bethea
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Wen-Hui Hu
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Temple University Lewis Katz School of Medicine, 3500 N Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA, USA,Corresponding author.
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390
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Blandford SN, Galloway DA, Moore CS. The roles of extracellular vesicle microRNAs in the central nervous system. Glia 2018; 66:2267-2278. [PMID: 29726599 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, highly conserved non-coding RNA molecules that post-transcriptionally regulate protein expression and most biological processes. Mature miRNAs are recruited to the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) and target mRNAs via complementary base-pairing, thus resulting in translational inhibition and/or transcript degradation. Here, we present evidence implicating miRNAs within extracellular vesicles (EVs), including microvesicles and exosomes, as mediators of central nervous system (CNS) development, homeostasis, and injury. EVs are extracellular vesicles that are secreted by all cells and represent a novel method of intercellular communication. In glial cells, the transfer of miRNAs via EVs can alter the function of recipient cells and significantly impacts cellular mechanisms involved in both injury and repair. This review discusses the value of information to be gained by studying miRNAs within EVs in the context of CNS diseases and their potential use in the development of novel disease biomarkers and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dylan A Galloway
- Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Craig S Moore
- Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, Newfoundland, Canada
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391
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Otero-Ortega L, Gómez de Frutos MC, Laso-García F, Rodríguez-Frutos B, Medina-Gutiérrez E, López JA, Vázquez J, Díez-Tejedor E, Gutiérrez-Fernández M. Exosomes promote restoration after an experimental animal model of intracerebral hemorrhage. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2018; 38:767-779. [PMID: 28524762 PMCID: PMC5987932 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x17708917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are gaining importance because they show great promise in therapeutic applications for several diseases. Particularly in stroke, exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy work as paracrine effectors responsible for promoting neurovascular remodeling and functional recovery. Adult male rats were subjected to intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) by intrastriatal injection of collagenase type IV; 24 h after surgery, MSC-derived exosomes were administered through the tail vein. The rats were euthanized at 7 or 28 days after treatment. Functional evaluation, lesion size, fiber tract integrity, axonal sprouting and white matter repair markers, biodistribution of exosomes and secretome proteomics were analyzed. DiI-labeled exosomes were found in the brains of the ICH-treated group and in the liver, lung and spleen. Animals receiving treatment with exosomes showed significantly better results in terms of functional recovery, lesion size, fiber tract integrity, axonal sprouting and white matter repair markers compared with the control group 28 days after stroke. Proteomics analysis of the exosomes identified more than 2000 proteins that could be implicated in brain repair function. In conclusion, white matter integrity was partly restored by exosome administration mediated by molecular repair factors. Exosomes as a treatment could be a heterogeneous process by nature and presents many factors that can influence brain plasticity in an adaptable and versatile manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Otero-Ortega
- 1 Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Neuroscience and Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, La Paz University Hospital, Neuroscience Area of IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mari Carmen Gómez de Frutos
- 1 Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Neuroscience and Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, La Paz University Hospital, Neuroscience Area of IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Laso-García
- 1 Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Neuroscience and Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, La Paz University Hospital, Neuroscience Area of IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Berta Rodríguez-Frutos
- 1 Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Neuroscience and Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, La Paz University Hospital, Neuroscience Area of IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Esperanza Medina-Gutiérrez
- 1 Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Neuroscience and Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, La Paz University Hospital, Neuroscience Area of IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio López
- 2 Cardiovascular Proteomics Laboratory & Proteomics Unit, National Center for Cardiovascular Research, CNIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Vázquez
- 2 Cardiovascular Proteomics Laboratory & Proteomics Unit, National Center for Cardiovascular Research, CNIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Exuperio Díez-Tejedor
- 1 Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Neuroscience and Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, La Paz University Hospital, Neuroscience Area of IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Gutiérrez-Fernández
- 1 Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Neuroscience and Cerebrovascular Research Laboratory, La Paz University Hospital, Neuroscience Area of IdiPAZ Health Research Institute, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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392
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Chen J, Chopp M. Exosome Therapy for Stroke. Stroke 2018; 49:1083-1090. [PMID: 29669873 PMCID: PMC6028936 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.117.018292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jieli Chen
- From the Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (J.C., M.C.)
- Department of Geriatrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, China (J.C.)
- Tianjin Neurological Institute, Key Laboratory of Post-Neurotrauma Neurorepair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education, China (J.C.)
| | - Michael Chopp
- From the Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI (J.C., M.C.)
- Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI (M.C.)
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393
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Samanta L, Parida R, Dias TR, Agarwal A. The enigmatic seminal plasma: a proteomics insight from ejaculation to fertilization. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2018; 16:41. [PMID: 29704899 PMCID: PMC5923003 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-018-0358-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 'omics' approach for a noninvasive diagnosis of male reproductive system disorders has gained momentum during the last decade, particularly from a screening and prognosis point of view. Due to the rapid development in assisted reproductive technologies (ART) over the years, the major focus of proteomic studies has been around the ejaculated spermatozoa. Although seminal plasma is not a requirement for ART, the question arose whether the role of seminal plasma is merely to transport spermatozoa. MAIN BODY Seminal plasma (SP) contains a large diversity of proteins that are essential not only for sperm transport, but also for sperm protection and maturation. Most of the proteins bind to sperm surface through exosomes (epididymosomes and prostasomes), modulating sperm function, interaction with the female reproductive tract and finally fertilization. This review focuses on the state-of-art discoveries regarding SP proteome and its role in fertilization. CONCLUSION Tissue-specific proteins in the SP have emerged as fundamental contributors for protein biomarker discovery. This is important for a noninvasive diagnosis of male infertility and development of new therapeutic approaches. Moreover, ART success rates may be improved by taking into account the critical role of seminal proteome in fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luna Samanta
- American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, 10681 Carnegie Avenue, Desk X11, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
- Redox Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Ravenshaw University, Cuttack, Odisha, 753003, India
| | - Rajeshwari Parida
- Redox Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Ravenshaw University, Cuttack, Odisha, 753003, India
| | - Tania R Dias
- American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, 10681 Carnegie Avenue, Desk X11, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
- Universidade da Beira Interior, 6201-001, Covilhã, Portugal
- Department of Microscopy, Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar and Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, University of Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
- LAQV/REQUIMTE - Laboratory of Bromatology and Hydrology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ashok Agarwal
- American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, 10681 Carnegie Avenue, Desk X11, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
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394
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Mondello S, Thelin EP, Shaw G, Salzet M, Visalli C, Cizkova D, Kobeissy F, Buki A. Extracellular vesicles: pathogenetic, diagnostic and therapeutic value in traumatic brain injury. Expert Rev Proteomics 2018; 15:451-461. [PMID: 29671356 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2018.1464914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Accurate classification according to injury-specific and patient-specific characteristics is critical to help informed clinical decision-making and to the pursuit of precision medicine in TBI. Reliable biomarker signatures for improved TBI diagnostics are required but still an unmet need. Areas covered: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) represent a new class of biomarker candidates in TBI. These nano-sized vesicles have key roles in cell signaling profoundly impacting pathogenic pathways, progression and long-term sequelae of TBI. As such EVs might provide novel neurobiological insights, enhance our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying TBI pathophysiology and recovery, and serve as biomarker signatures and therapeutic targets and delivery systems. Expert commentary: EVs are fast gaining momentum in TBI research, paving the way for new transformative diagnostic and treatment approaches. Their potential to sort out TBI variability and active involvement in the mechanisms underpinning different clinical phenotypes point out unique opportunities for improved classification, risk-stratification ad intervention, harboring promise of predictive, personalized, and even preemptive therapeutic strategies. Although a great deal of progress has been made, substantial efforts are still required to ensure the needed rigorous validation and reproducibility for clinical implementation of EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Mondello
- a Oasi Research Institute-IRCCS , Troina , Italy.,b Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging , University of Messina , Messina , Italy
| | - Eric P Thelin
- c Department of Clinical Neuroscience , Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden.,d Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Neurosurgery , University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus , Cambridge , United Kingdom
| | - Gerry Shaw
- e EnCor Biotechnology Inc ., Gainesville , FL , USA
| | - Michel Salzet
- f Laboratoire Protéomique, Réponse Inflammatoire et Spectrométrie de Masse (PRISM), Université de Lille , Lille , France
| | - Carmela Visalli
- b Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging , University of Messina , Messina , Italy
| | - Dasa Cizkova
- g Neuroimmunology , Slovak Academy of Sciences , Bratislava , Slovakia
| | - Firas Kobeissy
- h Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience , McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida , Gainesville , FL , USA.,i Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics , American University of Beirut , Beirut , Lebanon
| | - Andras Buki
- j Department of Neurosurgery , Pecs University , Pecs , Hungary
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395
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Osier N, Motamedi V, Edwards K, Puccio A, Diaz-Arrastia R, Kenney K, Gill J. Exosomes in Acquired Neurological Disorders: New Insights into Pathophysiology and Treatment. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 55:9280-9293. [PMID: 29663285 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1054-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are endogenous nanovesicles that play critical roles in intercellular signaling by conveying functional genetic information and proteins between cells. Exosomes readily cross the blood-brain barrier and have promise as therapeutic delivery vehicles that have the potential to specifically deliver molecules to the central nervous system (CNS). This unique feature also makes exosomes attractive as biomarkers in diagnostics, prognostics, and therapeutics in the context of multiple significant public health conditions, including acquired neurological disorders. The purpose of this review is to summarize the state of the science surrounding the relevance of extracellular vesicles (EVs), particularly exosomes, to acquire neurological disorders, specifically traumatic brain injury (TBI), spinal cord injury (SCI), and ischemic stroke. In total, ten research articles were identified that examined exosomes in the context of TBI, SCI, or stroke; these manuscripts were reviewed and synthesized to further understand the current role of exosomes in the context of acquired neurological disorders. Of the ten published studies, four focused exclusively on TBI, one on both TBI and SCI, and five on ischemic stroke; notably, eight of the ten studies were limited to pre-clinical samples. The present review is the first to discuss the current body of knowledge surrounding the role of exosomes in the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and prognosis, as well as promising therapeutic strategies in TBI, SCI, and stroke research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Osier
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Nursing Research, 1 Cloister Ct, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA. .,University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
| | - Vida Motamedi
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Nursing Research, 1 Cloister Ct, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
| | - Katie Edwards
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Nursing Research, 1 Cloister Ct, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA.,Healthcare Genetics Doctoral Program, Clemson University School of Nursing, 508 Edwards, Clemson, SC, 29631, USA
| | - Ava Puccio
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Suite B-400, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Ramon Diaz-Arrastia
- University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Suite 205 Medical Office Building, 51 N 39TH ST, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Kimbra Kenney
- National Intrepid Center of Excellence, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Building 51, Room 2306, 4860 South Palmer Road, Bethesda, MD, 20889-5649, USA
| | - Jessica Gill
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Nursing Research, 1 Cloister Ct, Bethesda, MD, 20814, USA
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396
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Protective effects of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived exosomes on high glucose-induced injury in human endothelial cells. Exp Ther Med 2018; 15:4791-4797. [PMID: 29805497 PMCID: PMC5958753 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are a family of extracellular vesicles that are secreted from almost all types of cells and are associated with cell-to-cell communication. The present study was performed to investigate the effects of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived exosomes (hiPSC-exo) on cell viability, capillary-like structure formation and senescence in endothelial cells exposed to high glucose. Exosomes were isolated from the conditional medium of hiPSCs and confirmed by transmission electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis and western blot analysis using Alix and cluster of differentiation-63 as markers. hiPSC-exo were labeled with PKH26 for tracking, and it was determined that spherical exosomes, with a typical cup-shape, were absorbed by human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs). Cultured HUVECs were treated with high glucose (33 mM) with or without hiPSC-exo (20 µg/ml) for 48 h, and cell viability, capillary tube formation and senescence were assessed. When exposed to high glucose, viability and tube formation in HUVECs was significantly reduced (P<0.0001), whereas the proportion of senescent cells was higher compared with that in control HUVECs (P<0.0001). Furthermore, hiPSC-exo restored cell viability and capillary-like structure formation, and reduced senescence in HUVECs exposed to high glucose (P<0.0001). However, hiPSC-exo had minimal effects on normal HUVECs. These findings suggest that stem cell-derived exosomes are able to promote cell proliferation, enhance capillary-like structure formation and reduce senescence in endothelial cells exposed to high glucose.
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397
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Webb RL, Kaiser EE, Jurgielewicz BJ, Spellicy S, Scoville SL, Thompson TA, Swetenburg RL, Hess DC, West FD, Stice SL. Human Neural Stem Cell Extracellular Vesicles Improve Recovery in a Porcine Model of Ischemic Stroke. Stroke 2018; 49:1248-1256. [PMID: 29650593 PMCID: PMC5916046 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.117.020353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Recent work from our group suggests that human neural stem cell-derived extracellular vesicle (NSC EV) treatment improves both tissue and sensorimotor function in a preclinical thromboembolic mouse model of stroke. In this study, NSC EVs were evaluated in a pig ischemic stroke model, where clinically relevant end points were used to assess recovery in a more translational large animal model. METHODS Ischemic stroke was induced by permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), and either NSC EV or PBS treatment was administered intravenously at 2, 14, and 24 hours post-MCAO. NSC EV effects on tissue level recovery were evaluated via magnetic resonance imaging at 1 and 84 days post-MCAO. Effects on functional recovery were also assessed through longitudinal behavior and gait analysis testing. RESULTS NSC EV treatment was neuroprotective and led to significant improvements at the tissue and functional levels in stroked pigs. NSC EV treatment eliminated intracranial hemorrhage in ischemic lesions in NSC EV pigs (0 of 7) versus control pigs (7 of 8). NSC EV-treated pigs exhibited a significant decrease in cerebral lesion volume and decreased brain swelling relative to control pigs 1-day post-MCAO. NSC EVs significantly reduced edema in treated pigs relative to control pigs, as assessed by improved diffusivity through apparent diffusion coefficient maps. NSC EVs preserved white matter integrity with increased corpus callosum fractional anisotropy values 84 days post-MCAO. Behavior and mobility improvements paralleled structural changes as NSC EV-treated pigs exhibited improved outcomes, including increased exploratory behavior and faster restoration of spatiotemporal gait parameters. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated for the first time that in a large animal model novel NSC EVs significantly improved neural tissue preservation and functional levels post-MCAO, suggesting NSC EVs may be a paradigm changing stroke therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin L Webb
- From the ArunA Biomedical, Athens, GA (R.L.W., S.L. Scoville, T.A.T., R.L.S).,Regenerative Bioscience Center (R.L.W., E.E.K., B.J.J., S.S., F.D.W., S.L. Stice)
| | - Erin E Kaiser
- Regenerative Bioscience Center (R.L.W., E.E.K., B.J.J., S.S., F.D.W., S.L. Stice).,Department of Animal and Dairy Science, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (E.E.K., F.D.W.)
| | - Brian J Jurgielewicz
- Regenerative Bioscience Center (R.L.W., E.E.K., B.J.J., S.S., F.D.W., S.L. Stice)
| | - Samantha Spellicy
- Regenerative Bioscience Center (R.L.W., E.E.K., B.J.J., S.S., F.D.W., S.L. Stice)
| | - Shelley L Scoville
- From the ArunA Biomedical, Athens, GA (R.L.W., S.L. Scoville, T.A.T., R.L.S)
| | - Tyler A Thompson
- From the ArunA Biomedical, Athens, GA (R.L.W., S.L. Scoville, T.A.T., R.L.S)
| | | | - David C Hess
- University of Georgia, Rhodes Center for Animal and Dairy Science, Athens; and Department of Neurology, Augusta University, GA (D.C.H.)
| | - Franklin D West
- Regenerative Bioscience Center (R.L.W., E.E.K., B.J.J., S.S., F.D.W., S.L. Stice).,Department of Animal and Dairy Science, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (E.E.K., F.D.W.)
| | - Steven L Stice
- Regenerative Bioscience Center (R.L.W., E.E.K., B.J.J., S.S., F.D.W., S.L. Stice)
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398
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Zhang B, Yan W, Zhu Y, Yang W, Le W, Chen B, Zhu R, Cheng L. Nanomaterials in Neural-Stem-Cell-Mediated Regenerative Medicine: Imaging and Treatment of Neurological Diseases. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1705694. [PMID: 29543350 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201705694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Patients are increasingly being diagnosed with neuropathic diseases, but are rarely cured because of the loss of neurons in damaged tissues. This situation creates an urgent clinical need to develop alternative treatment strategies for effective repair and regeneration of injured or diseased tissues. Neural stem cells (NSCs), highly pluripotent cells with the ability of self-renewal and potential for multidirectional differentiation, provide a promising solution to meet this demand. However, some serious challenges remaining to be addressed are the regulation of implanted NSCs, tracking their fate, monitoring their interaction with and responsiveness to the tissue environment, and evaluating their treatment efficacy. Nanomaterials have been envisioned as innovative components to further empower the field of NSC-based regenerative medicine, because their unique physicochemical characteristics provide unparalleled solutions to the imaging and treatment of diseases. By building on the advantages of nanomaterials, tremendous efforts have been devoted to facilitate research into the clinical translation of NSC-based therapy. Here, recent work on emerging nanomaterials is highlighted and their performance in the imaging and treatment of neurological diseases is evaluated, comparing the strengths and weaknesses of various imaging modalities currently used. The underlying mechanisms of therapeutic efficacy are discussed, and future research directions are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingbo Zhang
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, The Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano Science, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200443, China
- Department of Spine Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Institute of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Wei Yan
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Key Laboratory of Green Preparation and Application for Functional Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, China
| | - Yanjing Zhu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Institute of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Weitao Yang
- Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, The Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano Science, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200443, China
| | - Wenjun Le
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, The Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano Science, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200443, China
| | - Bingdi Chen
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, The Institute for Biomedical Engineering & Nano Science, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200443, China
| | - Rongrong Zhu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Institute of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, China
| | - Liming Cheng
- Department of Spine Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Institute of Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Tongji University School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200065, China
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399
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Yang CY, Liu SY, Wang HY, Li YL, Guo D, Wang XY, Hua W, Wang GL. Neuroprotection by Propofol Post-Conditioning: Focus on PKMζ/KCC2 Pathway Activity. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2018; 38:691-701. [PMID: 28779332 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-017-0530-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Critical and major operations are often accompanied by brain ischemic complications. Previous studies found that propofol post-conditioning provided neuroprotective functions through upregulating the expression of potassium chloride cotransporter 2 (KCC2) in gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) interneurons. Membrane expression and phosphorylation represents KCC2 activity, which were modulated by a protein kinase C (PKC)-dependent mechanism. However, the role of propofol in increasing KCC2 phosphorylation and the involvement of protein kinase Mζ (PKMζ), a major subtype of PKC, in the KCC2 pathway remained unclear. In this study, we established middle cerebral artery occlusion model in rats to evaluate the long-term recovery of brain functions using behavioral experiments. KCC2 and PKMζ were assessed via western blot. We used the selective inhibitor, zeta inhibitory peptide (ZIP), to investigate the relationship between KCC2 and PKMζ. Intracellular chloride concentration in the hippocampal CA1 area was measured to determine KCC2 activity. We found that propofol, infused at a speed of 20 mg kg-1 h-1 for 2 h at the onset of reperfusion, improved neurological deficits and cognitive dysfunction following ischemia/reperfusion injury. PKMζ expression was significantly upregulated, which improved KCC2 membrane expression and phosphorylation in the ischemic hippocampal CA1 area, and these effects could last up to 28 days. But ZIP inhibited this process. Ultimately, we showed that propofol increased KCC2 phosphorylation and PKMζ was the upstream of KCC2. Propofol led to long-term recovery of brain functions by upregulating the activity of the PKMζ/KCC2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Yi Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Third Central Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Artificial Cell, Artificial Cell Engineering Research Centre of the Ministry of Health, Tianjin, 300170, China
| | - Shu-Ying Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Third Central Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Artificial Cell, Artificial Cell Engineering Research Centre of the Ministry of Health, Tianjin, 300170, China
| | - Hai-Yun Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Third Central Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Artificial Cell, Artificial Cell Engineering Research Centre of the Ministry of Health, Tianjin, 300170, China.
- Tianjin Research Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China.
| | - Yan-Li Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Third Central Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Artificial Cell, Artificial Cell Engineering Research Centre of the Ministry of Health, Tianjin, 300170, China
| | - Di Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Third Central Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Artificial Cell, Artificial Cell Engineering Research Centre of the Ministry of Health, Tianjin, 300170, China
| | - Xin-Yue Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Third Central Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Artificial Cell, Artificial Cell Engineering Research Centre of the Ministry of Health, Tianjin, 300170, China
| | - Wei Hua
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Third Central Hospital, Third Central Clinical College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Artificial Cell, Artificial Cell Engineering Research Centre of the Ministry of Health, Tianjin, 300170, China
| | - Guo-Lin Wang
- Tianjin Research Institute of Anesthesiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
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400
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Dong H, Li G, Shang C, Yin H, Luo Y, Meng H, Li X, Wang Y, Lin L, Zhao M. Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell (UC-MSC) transplantations for cerebral palsy. Am J Transl Res 2018; 10:901-906. [PMID: 29636880 PMCID: PMC5883131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study reports a case of a 4-year-old boy patient with abnormalities of muscle tone, movement and motor skills, as well as unstable gait leading to frequent falls. The results of the electroencephalogram (EEG) indicate moderately abnormal EEG, accompanied by irregular seizures. Based on these clinical characteristics, the patient was diagnosed with cerebral palsy (CP) in our hospital. In this study, the patient was treated with umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell (UC-MSC) transplantation therapy. This patient received UC-MSC transplantation 3 times (5.3*107) in total. After three successive cell transplantations, the patient recovered well and showed obvious improvements in EEG and limb strength, motor function, and language expression. However, the improvement in intelligence quotient (IQ) was less obvious. These results indicate that UC-MSC transplantation is a promising treatment for cerebral palsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huajiang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Tianjin UniversityTianjin, China
- Laser Medicine Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeTianjin 300192, China
| | - Gang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Tianjin UniversityTianjin, China
| | - Chongzhi Shang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma RepairTianjin, China
- The Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Logistics University of Chinese People’s Armed Police ForcesTianjin, China
| | - Huijuan Yin
- Laser Medicine Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeTianjin 300192, China
| | - Yuechen Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Disease Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeTianjin, China
| | - Huipeng Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Tianjin UniversityTianjin, China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma RepairTianjin, China
- The Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Logistics University of Chinese People’s Armed Police ForcesTianjin, China
| | - Yali Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Tianjin UniversityTianjin, China
- Shulan (Hangzhou) HospitalHangzhou, China
| | - Ling Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Tianjin UniversityTianjin, China
| | - Mingliang Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Neurotrauma RepairTianjin, China
- The Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Affiliated Hospital of Logistics University of Chinese People’s Armed Police ForcesTianjin, China
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