401
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Lorey MB, Rossi K, Eklund KK, Nyman TA, Matikainen S. Global Characterization of Protein Secretion from Human Macrophages Following Non-canonical Caspase-4/5 Inflammasome Activation. Mol Cell Proteomics 2017; 16:S187-S199. [PMID: 28196878 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m116.064840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Gram-negative bacteria are associated with a wide spectrum of infectious diseases in humans. Inflammasomes are cytosolic protein complexes that are assembled when the cell encounters pathogens or other harmful agents. The non-canonical caspase-4/5 inflammasome is activated by Gram-negative bacteria-derived lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and by endogenous oxidized phospholipids. Protein secretion is a critical component of the innate immune response. Here, we have used label-free quantitative proteomics to characterize global protein secretion in response to non-canonical inflammasome activation upon intracellular LPS recognition in human primary macrophages. Before proteomics, the total secretome was separated into two fractions, enriched extracellular vesicle (EV) fraction and rest-secretome (RS) fraction using size-exclusion centrifugation. We identified 1048 proteins from the EV fraction and 1223 proteins from the RS fraction. From these, 640 were identified from both fractions suggesting that the non-canonical inflammasome activates multiple, partly overlapping protein secretion pathways. We identified several secreted proteins that have a critical role in host response against severe Gram-negative bacterial infection. The soluble secretome (RS fraction) was highly enriched with inflammation-associated proteins upon intracellular LPS recognition. Several ribosomal proteins were highly abundant in the EV fraction upon infection, and our data strongly suggest that secretion of translational machinery and concomitant inhibition of translation are important parts of host response against Gram-negative bacteria sensing caspase-4/5 inflammasome. Intracellular recognition of LPS resulted in the secretion of two metalloproteinases, adisintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein 10 (ADAM10) and MMP14, in the enriched EV fraction. ADAM10 release was associated with the secretion of TNF, a key inflammatory cytokine, and M-CSF, an important growth factor for myeloid cells probably through ADAM10-dependent membrane shedding of these cytokines. Caspase-4/5 inflammasome activation also resulted in secretion of danger-associated molecules S100A8 and prothymosin-α in the enriched EV fraction. Both S100A8 and prothymosin-α are ligands for toll-like receptor 4 recognizing extracellular LPS, and they may contribute to endotoxic shock during non-canonical inflammasome activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina B Lorey
- From the ‡Rheumatology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Katriina Rossi
- From the ‡Rheumatology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kari K Eklund
- From the ‡Rheumatology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuula A Nyman
- §Department of Immunology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Rikshospitalet Oslo, Oslo 0424, Norway
| | - Sampsa Matikainen
- From the ‡Rheumatology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
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402
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Moreno-Castellanos N, Rodríguez A, Rabanal-Ruiz Y, Fernández-Vega A, López-Miranda J, Vázquez-Martínez R, Frühbeck G, Malagón MM. The cytoskeletal protein septin 11 is associated with human obesity and is involved in adipocyte lipid storage and metabolism. Diabetologia 2017; 60:324-335. [PMID: 27866222 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-016-4155-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Septins are newly identified members of the cytoskeleton that have been proposed as biomarkers of a number of diseases. However, septins have not been characterised in adipose tissue and their relationship with obesity and insulin resistance remains unknown. Herein, we characterised a member of this family, septin 11 (SEPT11), in human adipose tissue and analysed its potential involvement in the regulation of adipocyte metabolism. METHODS Gene and protein expression levels of SEPT11 were analysed in human adipose tissue. SEPT11 distribution was evaluated by immunocytochemistry, electron microscopy and subcellular fractionation techniques. Glutathione S-transferase (GST) pull-down, immunoprecipitation and yeast two-hybrid screening were used to identify the SEPT11 interactome. Gene silencing was used to assess the role of SEPT11 in the regulation of insulin signalling and lipid metabolism in adipocytes. RESULTS We demonstrate the expression of SEPT11 in human adipocytes and its upregulation in obese individuals, with SEPT11 mRNA content positively correlating with variables of insulin resistance in subcutaneous adipose tissue. SEPT11 content was regulated by lipogenic, lipolytic and proinflammatory stimuli in human adipocytes. SEPT11 associated with caveolae in mature adipocytes and interacted with both caveolin-1 and the intracellular fatty acid chaperone, fatty acid binding protein 5 (FABP5). Lipid loading of adipocytes caused the association of the three proteins with the surface of lipid droplets. SEPT11 silencing impaired insulin signalling and insulin-induced lipid accumulation in adipocytes. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our findings support a role for SEPT11 in lipid traffic and metabolism in adipocytes and open new avenues for research on the control of lipid storage in obesity and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Moreno-Castellanos
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC)/University of Córdoba/Reina Sofia University Hospital, Edificio IMIBIC, Avda. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Amaia Rodríguez
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Yoana Rabanal-Ruiz
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC)/University of Córdoba/Reina Sofia University Hospital, Edificio IMIBIC, Avda. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Alejandro Fernández-Vega
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC)/University of Córdoba/Reina Sofia University Hospital, Edificio IMIBIC, Avda. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - José López-Miranda
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, IMIBIC/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Rafael Vázquez-Martínez
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC)/University of Córdoba/Reina Sofia University Hospital, Edificio IMIBIC, Avda. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Gema Frühbeck
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain, .
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, IdiSNA, Pamplona, Spain.
- Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Avda. Pío XII 36, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.
| | - María M Malagón
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC)/University of Córdoba/Reina Sofia University Hospital, Edificio IMIBIC, Avda. Menéndez Pidal s/n, 14004, Córdoba, Spain.
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, Córdoba, Spain.
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain, .
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FABP4/aP2 Regulates Macrophage Redox Signaling and Inflammasome Activation via Control of UCP2. Mol Cell Biol 2017; 37:MCB.00282-16. [PMID: 27795298 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00282-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity-linked metabolic disease is mechanistically associated with the accumulation of proinflammatory macrophages in adipose tissue, leading to increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and chronic low-grade inflammation. Previous work has demonstrated that deletion of the adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (FABP4/aP2) uncouples obesity from inflammation via upregulation of the uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2). Here, we demonstrate that ablation of FABP4/aP2 regulates systemic redox capacity and reduces cellular protein sulfhydryl oxidation and, in particular, oxidation of mitochondrial protein cysteine residues. Coincident with the loss of FABP4/aP2 is the upregulation of the antioxidants superoxide dismutase (SOD2), catalase, methionine sulfoxide reductase A, and the 20S proteasome subunits PSMB5 and αβ. Reduced mitochondrial protein oxidation in FABP4/aP2-/- macrophages attenuates the mitochondrial unfolded-protein response (mtUPR) as measured by expression of heat shock protein 60, Clp protease, and Lon peptidase 1. Consistent with a diminished mtUPR, FABP4/aP2-/- macrophages exhibit reduced expression of cleaved caspase-1 and NLRP3. Secretion of interleukin 1β (IL-1β), in response to inflammasome activation, is ablated in FABP4/aP2-/- macrophages, as well as in FABP4/aP2 inhibitor-treated cells, but partially rescued in FABP4/aP2-null macrophages when UCP2 is silenced. Collectively, these data offer a novel pathway whereby FABP4/aP2 regulates macrophage redox signaling and inflammasome activation via control of UCP2 expression.
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404
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Leukemic blasts program bone marrow adipocytes to generate a protumoral microenvironment. Blood 2017; 129:1320-1332. [PMID: 28049638 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-08-734798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite currently available therapies, most patients diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) die of their disease. Tumor-host interactions are critical for the survival and proliferation of cancer cells; accordingly, we hypothesize that specific targeting of the tumor microenvironment may constitute an alternative or additional strategy to conventional tumor-directed chemotherapy. Because adipocytes have been shown to promote breast and prostate cancer proliferation, and because the bone marrow adipose tissue accounts for up to 70% of bone marrow volume in adult humans, we examined the adipocyte-leukemia cell interactions to determine if they are essential for the growth and survival of AML. Using in vivo and in vitro models of AML, we show that bone marrow adipocytes from the tumor microenvironment support the survival and proliferation of malignant cells from patients with AML. We show that AML blasts alter metabolic processes in adipocytes to induce phosphorylation of hormone-sensitive lipase and consequently activate lipolysis, which then enables the transfer of fatty acids from adipocytes to AML blasts. In addition, we report that fatty acid binding protein-4 (FABP4) messenger RNA is upregulated in adipocytes and AML when in coculture. FABP4 inhibition using FABP4 short hairpin RNA knockdown or a small molecule inhibitor prevents AML proliferation on adipocytes. Moreover, knockdown of FABP4 increases survival in Hoxa9/Meis1-driven AML model. Finally, knockdown of carnitine palmitoyltransferase IA in an AML patient-derived xenograft model improves survival. Here, we report the first description of AML programming bone marrow adipocytes to generate a protumoral microenvironment.
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405
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Morales PE, Bucarey JL, Espinosa A. Muscle Lipid Metabolism: Role of Lipid Droplets and Perilipins. J Diabetes Res 2017; 2017:1789395. [PMID: 28676863 PMCID: PMC5476901 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1789395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is one of the main regulators of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in our organism, and therefore, it is highly susceptible to changes in glucose and fatty acid (FA) availability. Skeletal muscle is an extremely complex tissue: its metabolic capacity depends on the type of fibers it is made up of and the level of stimulation it undergoes, such as acute or chronic contraction. Obesity is often associated with increased FA levels, which leads to the accumulation of toxic lipid intermediates, oxidative stress, and autophagy in skeletal fibers. This lipotoxicity is one of the most common causes of insulin resistance (IR). In this scenario, the "isolation" of certain lipids in specific cell compartments, through the action of the specific lipid droplet, perilipin (PLIN) family of proteins, is conceived as a lifeguard compensatory strategy. In this review, we summarize the cellular mechanism underlying lipid mobilization and metabolism inside skeletal muscle, focusing on the function of lipid droplets, the PLIN family of proteins, and how these entities are modified in exercise, obesity, and IR conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Esteban Morales
- Departamento de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jose Luis Bucarey
- CIDIS-AC, Escuela de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaiso, Valparaiso, Chile
| | - Alejandra Espinosa
- Departamento de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- *Alejandra Espinosa:
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406
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Obokata M, Iso T, Ohyama Y, Sunaga H, Kawaguchi T, Matsui H, Iizuka T, Fukuda N, Takamatsu H, Koitabashi N, Funada R, Takama N, Kasama S, Kaneko Y, Yokoyama T, Murakami M, Kurabayashi M. Early increase in serum fatty acid binding protein 4 levels in patients with acute myocardial infarction. EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL-ACUTE CARDIOVASCULAR CARE 2016; 7:561-569. [PMID: 30178960 DOI: 10.1177/2048872616683635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) induces marked activation of the sympathetic nervous system. Fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) is not only an intracellular protein, but also a secreted adipokine that contributes to obesity-related metabolic complications. Here, we examined the role of serum FABP4 as a pathophysiological marker in patients with AMI. METHODS AND RESULTS We studied 106 patients presenting to the emergency unit with a final diagnosis of AMI, including 12 patients resuscitated from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) caused by ventricular fibrillation. FABP4 levels peaked on admission or just after percutaneous coronary intervention and declined thereafter. Regression analysis revealed no significant correlation between peak FABP4 and peak cardiac troponin T determined by Roche high-sensitive assays (hs-TnT). Notably, FABP4 levels were particularly elevated in AMI patients who were resuscitated from OHCA (median 130.2 ng/mL, interquartile range (IQR) 51.8-243.9 ng/mL) compared with those without OHCA (median 26.1 ng/ml, IQR 17.1-43.4 ng/mL), while hs-TnT levels on admission were not associated with OHCA. Immunohistochemistry of the human heart revealed that FABP4 is abundantly present in adipocytes within myocardial tissue and epicardial adipose tissue. An in vitro study using cultured adipocytes showed that FABP4 is released through a β3-adrenergic receptor (AR)-mediated mechanism. CONCLUSIONS FABP4 levels were significantly elevated during the early hours after the onset of AMI and were robustly increased in OHCA survivors. Together with the finding that FABP4 is released from adipocytes via β3-AR-mediated lipolysis, our data provide a novel hypothesis that serum FABP4 may represent the adrenergic overdrive that accompanies acute cardiovascular disease, including AMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Obokata
- 1 Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Iso
- 1 Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan.,2 Education and Research Support Center, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Ohyama
- 1 Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan.,3 Clinical Investigation and Research Unit, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Sunaga
- 1 Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Tomoka Kawaguchi
- 4 Department of Laboratory Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Hiroki Matsui
- 4 Department of Laboratory Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Takashi Iizuka
- 1 Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Fukuda
- 1 Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Hiroto Takamatsu
- 1 Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Norimichi Koitabashi
- 1 Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Funada
- 1 Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Noriaki Takama
- 1 Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Shu Kasama
- 1 Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Kaneko
- 1 Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Yokoyama
- 4 Department of Laboratory Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Masami Murakami
- 5 Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
| | - Masahiko Kurabayashi
- 1 Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan
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407
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Caliskan OS, Sardan Ekiz M, Tekinay AB, Guler MO. Spatial Organization of Functional Groups on Bioactive Supramolecular Glycopeptide Nanofibers for Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) to Brown Adipogenesis. Bioconjug Chem 2016; 28:740-750. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.6b00632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ozum S. Caliskan
- Institute of Materials Science
and Nanotechnology, National Nanotechnology Research Center (UNAM), Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Melis Sardan Ekiz
- Institute of Materials Science
and Nanotechnology, National Nanotechnology Research Center (UNAM), Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayse B. Tekinay
- Institute of Materials Science
and Nanotechnology, National Nanotechnology Research Center (UNAM), Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mustafa O. Guler
- Institute of Materials Science
and Nanotechnology, National Nanotechnology Research Center (UNAM), Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
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408
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Wu M, Liu D, Zeng R, Xian T, Lu Y, Zeng G, Sun Z, Huang B, Huang Q. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate inhibits adipogenesis through down-regulation of PPARγ and FAS expression mediated by PI3K-AKT signaling in 3T3-L1 cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 795:134-142. [PMID: 27940057 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a major component in green tea, functions as extensive bioactivities including anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, and anti-cancer. However, little is known about its anti-adipogenesis and underlying mechanisms. The purport of this study sought to investigate effects of EGCG on 3T3-L1 preadipocyte differentiation and to explore its possible mechanisms. The 3T3-L1 cells were induced to differentiate under the condition of pro-adipogenic cocktail with or without indicated EGCG concentrations (10, 50, 100, 200µM) for 2, 4, 6 and 8 days, respectively. Also, another batch of 3T3-L1 cells was induced under the optimal EGCG concentration (100µM) with or without SC3036 (PI3K activator, 10µM) or SC79 (AKT activator, 0.5µM) for 8 days. Subsequently, the cell viability was examined by MTT assay and the cell morphology was visualized by Oil red O staining. Finally, the mRNA levels including peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and fatty acid synthase (FAS) were detected by quantitative real time PCR, while the protein levels of PPARγ, FAS, phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K), insulin receptor substrate1(IRS1), AKT, and p-AKT were measured by immunoblotting analysis. Our results showed that EGCG inhibited adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 preadipocyte in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, the inhibitory effects were reversed by SC3036 or SC79, suggesting that the inhibitory effects of EGCG are mediated by PI3K-AKT signaling to down-regulate PPARγ and FAS expression levels. The findings shed light on EGCG anti-adipogenic effects and its underlying mechanism and provide a novel preventive-therapeutic potential for obesity subjects as a compound from Chinese green tea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqing Wu
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Dan Liu
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Rong Zeng
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Tao Xian
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Yi Lu
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Guohua Zeng
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Zhangzetian Sun
- Jiangxi Medical School, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Bowei Huang
- Jiangxi Medical School, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China
| | - Qiren Huang
- Key Provincial Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, Jiangxi Province, P.R. China.
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409
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Cypryk W, Lorey M, Puustinen A, Nyman TA, Matikainen S. Proteomic and Bioinformatic Characterization of Extracellular Vesicles Released from Human Macrophages upon Influenza A Virus Infection. J Proteome Res 2016; 16:217-227. [PMID: 27723984 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Influenza A viruses (IAVs) are aggressive pathogens that cause acute respiratory diseases and annual epidemics in humans. Host defense against IAV infection is initiated by macrophages, which are the principal effector cells of the innate immune system. We have previously shown that IAV infection of human macrophages is associated with robust secretion of proteins via conventional and unconventional protein release pathways. Here we have characterized unconventional, extracellular vesicle (EV)-mediated protein secretion in human macrophages during IAV infection using proteomics, bioinformatics, and functional studies. We demonstrate that at 9 h postinfection a robust EV-mediated protein secretion takes place. We identified 2359 human proteins from EVs of IAV-infected macrophages compared with 1448 proteins identified from EVs of control cells. Bioinformatic analysis shows that many proteins involved in translation, like components of spliceosome machinery and the ribosome, are secreted in EVs in response to IAV infection. Our data also shows that EVs derived from IAV-infected macrophages contain fatty acid-binding proteins, antiviral cytokines, copper metabolism Murr-1 domain proteins, and autophagy-related proteins. In addition, our data suggest that secretory autophagy plays a role in activating EV-mediated protein secretion during IAV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Cypryk
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki , P.O. Box 56, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Martina Lorey
- University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Rheumatology , 00029 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anne Puustinen
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health , Topeliuksenkatu 41 a A, 00250 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuula A Nyman
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki , P.O. Box 56, 00014 Helsinki, Finland.,Institute of Clinical Medicine , Sognsvannsveien 20, Rikshospitalet, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Sampsa Matikainen
- University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Rheumatology , 00029 Helsinki, Finland
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410
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Tahergorabi Z, Khazaei M, Moodi M, Chamani E. From obesity to cancer: a review on proposed mechanisms. Cell Biochem Funct 2016; 34:533-545. [PMID: 27859423 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, obesity is considered as a serious and growing global health problem. It is documented that the overweight and obesity are major risk factors for a series of noncommunicable diseases, and in recent years, the obesity-cancer link has received much attention. Numerous epidemiological studies have shown that obesity is associated with increased risk of several cancer types, including colon, breast, endometrium, liver, kidney, esophagus, gastric, pancreatic, gallbladder, and leukemia, and can also lead to poorer treatment. We review here the epidemiological and experimental evidences for the association between obesity and cancer. Specifically, we discuss potential mechanisms focusing how dysfunctional angiogenesis, chronic inflammation, interaction of proinflammatory cytokines, endocrine hormones, and adipokines including leptin, adiponectin insulin, growth factors, estrogen, and progesterone and strikingly, cell metabolism alteration in obesity participate in tumor development and progression, resistance to chemotherapy, and targeted therapies such as antiangiogenic and immune therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoya Tahergorabi
- Department of Physiology, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Majid Khazaei
- Department of Physiology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mitra Moodi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Elham Chamani
- Department of Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
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411
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Associations of A-FABP with Anthropometric and Metabolic Indices and Inflammatory Cytokines in Obese Patients with Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:9382092. [PMID: 27819006 PMCID: PMC5081425 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9382092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The study aimed to evaluate the relationship between anthropometric and metabolic indices, inflammatory cytokines, and adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (A-FABP) in obese patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes. The study included 48 nonobese subjects with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes, 42 obese subjects with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes, 30 simple obese subjects, and 30 matched normal subjects. Serum A-FABP was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Pearson's correlations and multiple linear regression stepwise analysis were used to analyze correlations of A-FABP with anthropometric and metabolic indices and inflammatory cytokines. Obese subjects with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes had elevated A-FABP compared to normal control, nondiabetic obese patients, and nonobese diabetic patients. A-FABP was significantly correlated with glycated hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C), BMI, triglyceride, Homeostasis Model Assessment Index (HOMA-IR), waist hip rate, C-reactive protein, IL-6, and HDL-C in obese subjects with type 2 diabetes. In multiple linear regression stepwise analysis, BMI, HbA1C, and HOMA-IR were significantly independent determinants for A-FABP. BMI, HbA1C, and HOMA-IR are independently associated with A-FABP in obese subjects with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes. A-FABP may be related to insulin resistance and inflammation in type 2 diabetes and concomitant obesity.
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412
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Kühne H, Obst-Sander U, Kuhn B, Conte A, Ceccarelli SM, Neidhart W, Rudolph MG, Ottaviani G, Gasser R, So SS, Li S, Zhang X, Gao L, Myers M. Design and synthesis of selective, dual fatty acid binding protein 4 and 5 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:5092-5097. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.08.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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413
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Calcium sensing receptor effects in adipocytes and liver cells: Implications for an adipose-hepatic crosstalk. Arch Biochem Biophys 2016; 607:47-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2016.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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414
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415
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Çimen I, Kocatürk B, Koyuncu S, Tufanlı Ö, Onat UI, Yıldırım AD, Apaydın O, Demirsoy Ş, Aykut ZG, Nguyen UT, Watkins SM, Hotamışlıgil GS, Erbay E. Prevention of atherosclerosis by bioactive palmitoleate through suppression of organelle stress and inflammasome activation. Sci Transl Med 2016; 8:358ra126. [DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaf9087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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416
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Pérez Santero S, Favretto F, Zanzoni S, Chignola R, Assfalg M, D'Onofrio M. Effects of macromolecular crowding on a small lipid binding protein probed at the single-amino acid level. Arch Biochem Biophys 2016; 606:99-110. [DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2016.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Revised: 07/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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417
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Cleveland BM, Weber GM. Effects of steroid treatment on growth, nutrient partitioning, and expression of genes related to growth and nutrient metabolism in adult triploid rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Domest Anim Endocrinol 2016; 56:1-12. [PMID: 26905215 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The contribution of sex steroids to nutrient partitioning and energy balance during gonad development was studied in rainbow trout. Specifically, 19-mo old triploid (3N) female rainbow trout were fed treatment diets supplemented with estradiol-17β (E2), testosterone (T), or dihydrotestosterone at 30-mg steroid/kg diet for a 1-mo period. Growth performance, nutrient partitioning, and expression of genes central to growth and nutrient metabolism were compared with 3N and age-matched diploid (2N) female fish consuming a control diet not supplemented with steroids. Only 2 N fish exhibited active gonad development, with gonad weights increasing from 3.7% to 5.5% of body weight throughout the study, whereas gonad weights in 3N fish remained at 0.03%. Triploid fish consuming dihydrotestosterone exhibited faster specific growth rates than 3N-controls (P < 0.05). Consumption of E2 in 3N fish reduced fillet growth and caused lower fillet yield compared with all other treatment groups (P < 0.05). In contrast, viscera fat gain was not affected by steroid consumption (P > 0.05). Gene transcripts associated with physiological pathways were identified in maturing 2N and E2-treated 3N fish that differed in abundance from 3N-control fish (P < 0.05). In liver these mechanisms included the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor (IGF) axis (igf1, igf2), IGF binding proteins (igfbp1b1, igfbp2b1, igfbp5b1, igfbp6b1), and genes associated with lipid binding and transport (fabp3, fabp4, lpl, cd36), fatty acid oxidation (cpt1a), and the pparg transcription factor. In muscle, these mechanisms included reductions in myogenic gene expression (fst, myog) and the proteolysis-related gene, cathepsin-L, suggesting an E2-induced reduction in the capacity for muscle growth. These findings suggest that increased E2 signaling in the sexually maturing female rainbow trout alters physiological pathways in liver, particularly those related to IGF signaling and lipid metabolism, to partition nutrients away from muscle growth toward support of maturation-related processes. In contrast, the mobilization of viscera lipid stores appear to be mediated less by E2 and more by energy demands associated with gonad development. These findings improve the understanding of how steroids regulate nutrient metabolism to meet the high energy demands associated with gonad development during sexual maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M Cleveland
- National Center for Cool and Cold Water Aquaculture, USDA/ARS, Kearneysville, WV 25430, USA.
| | - G M Weber
- National Center for Cool and Cold Water Aquaculture, USDA/ARS, Kearneysville, WV 25430, USA
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418
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Ertunc ME, Hotamisligil GS. Lipid signaling and lipotoxicity in metaflammation: indications for metabolic disease pathogenesis and treatment. J Lipid Res 2016; 57:2099-2114. [PMID: 27330055 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.r066514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 303] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipids encompass a wide variety of molecules such as fatty acids, sterols, phospholipids, and triglycerides. These molecules represent a highly efficient energy resource and can act as structural elements of membranes or as signaling molecules that regulate metabolic homeostasis through many mechanisms. Cells possess an integrated set of response systems to adapt to stresses such as those imposed by nutrient fluctuations during feeding-fasting cycles. While lipids are pivotal for these homeostatic processes, they can also contribute to detrimental metabolic outcomes. When metabolic stress becomes chronic and adaptive mechanisms are overwhelmed, as occurs during prolonged nutrient excess or obesity, lipid influx can exceed the adipose tissue storage capacity and result in accumulation of harmful lipid species at ectopic sites such as liver and muscle. As lipid metabolism and immune responses are highly integrated, accumulation of harmful lipids or generation of signaling intermediates can interfere with immune regulation in multiple tissues, causing a vicious cycle of immune-metabolic dysregulation. In this review, we summarize the role of lipotoxicity in metaflammation at the molecular and tissue level, describe the significance of anti-inflammatory lipids in metabolic homeostasis, and discuss the potential of therapeutic approaches targeting pathways at the intersection of lipid metabolism and immune function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meric Erikci Ertunc
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases and Sabri Ülker Center, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Gökhan S Hotamisligil
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases and Sabri Ülker Center, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Broad Institute of Harvard and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, MA 02115
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419
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Rui W, Zou Y, Lee J, Nambiar SM, Lin J, Zhang L, Yang Y, Dai G. Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 2 Deficiency Results in Amplification of the Liver Fat-Lowering Effect of Estrogen. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2016; 358:14-21. [PMID: 27189962 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.115.231316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) regulates multiple biologic processes, including hepatic lipid metabolism. Estrogen exerts actions affecting energy homeostasis, including a liver fat-lowering effect. Increasing evidence indicates the crosstalk between these two molecules. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether Nrf2 modulates estrogen signaling in hepatic lipid metabolism. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) was induced in wild-type and Nrf2-null mice fed a high-fat diet and the liver fat-lowering effect of exogenous estrogen was subsequently assessed. We found that exogenous estrogen eliminated 49% and 90% of hepatic triglycerides in wild-type and Nrf2-null mice with NAFLD, respectively. This observation demonstrates that Nrf2 signaling is antagonistic to estrogen signaling in hepatic fat metabolism; thus, Nrf2 absence results in striking amplification of the liver fat-lowering effect of estrogen. In addition, we found the association of trefoil factor 3 and fatty acid binding protein 5 with the liver fat-lowering effect of estrogen. In summary, we identified Nrf2 as a novel and potent inhibitor of estrogen signaling in hepatic lipid metabolism. Our finding may provide a potential strategy to treat NAFLD by dually targeting Nrf2 and estrogen signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Rui
- Department of Pharmacology and Immunology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China (W.R., L.Z., Y.Y.); Department of Biology, School of Science, Center for Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana (W.R., Y.Z., S.M.N., G.D.); and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana (J.L.)
| | - Yuhong Zou
- Department of Pharmacology and Immunology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China (W.R., L.Z., Y.Y.); Department of Biology, School of Science, Center for Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana (W.R., Y.Z., S.M.N., G.D.); and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana (J.L.)
| | - Joonyong Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Immunology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China (W.R., L.Z., Y.Y.); Department of Biology, School of Science, Center for Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana (W.R., Y.Z., S.M.N., G.D.); and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana (J.L.)
| | - Shashank Manohar Nambiar
- Department of Pharmacology and Immunology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China (W.R., L.Z., Y.Y.); Department of Biology, School of Science, Center for Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana (W.R., Y.Z., S.M.N., G.D.); and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana (J.L.)
| | - Jingmei Lin
- Department of Pharmacology and Immunology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China (W.R., L.Z., Y.Y.); Department of Biology, School of Science, Center for Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana (W.R., Y.Z., S.M.N., G.D.); and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana (J.L.)
| | - Linjie Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Immunology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China (W.R., L.Z., Y.Y.); Department of Biology, School of Science, Center for Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana (W.R., Y.Z., S.M.N., G.D.); and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana (J.L.)
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Pharmacology and Immunology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China (W.R., L.Z., Y.Y.); Department of Biology, School of Science, Center for Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana (W.R., Y.Z., S.M.N., G.D.); and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana (J.L.)
| | - Guoli Dai
- Department of Pharmacology and Immunology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China (W.R., L.Z., Y.Y.); Department of Biology, School of Science, Center for Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana (W.R., Y.Z., S.M.N., G.D.); and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana (J.L.)
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420
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Guaita-Esteruelas S, Bosquet A, Saavedra P, Gumà J, Girona J, Lam EWF, Amillano K, Borràs J, Masana L. Exogenous FABP4 increases breast cancer cell proliferation and activates the expression of fatty acid transport proteins. Mol Carcinog 2016; 56:208-217. [PMID: 27061264 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 02/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue plays an important role in tumor progression, because it provides nutrients and adipokines to proliferating cells. Fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) is a key adipokine for fatty acid transport. In metabolic pathologies, plasma levels of FABP4 are increased. However, the role of this circulating protein is unknown. Recent studies have demonstrated that FABP4 might have a role in tumor progression, but the molecular mechanisms involved are still unclear. In this study, we analysed the role of eFABP4 (exogenous FABP4) in breast cancer progression. MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells did not express substantial levels of FABP4 protein, but intracellular FABP4 levels increased after eFABP4 incubation. Moreover, eFABP4 enhanced the proliferation of these breast cancer cells but did not have any effect on MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell migration. Additionally, eFABP4 induced the AKT and MAPK signaling cascades in breast cancer cells, and the inhibition of these pathways reduced the eFBAP4-mediated cell proliferation. Interestingly, eFABP4 treatment in MCF-7 cells increased levels of the transcription factor FoxM1 and the fatty acid transport proteins CD36 and FABP5. In summary, we showed that eFABP4 plays a key role in tumor proliferation and activates the expression of fatty acid transport proteins in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Guaita-Esteruelas
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Centre d'R+D+I en Nutrició i Salut. Avda. de la Universitat, Reus, Spain.,Research Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, carrer Sant Llorenç, Reus, Spain.,Oncology Research Group, "Sant Joan" University Hospital, Oncology Institute of Southern Catalonia (IOCS), Av. del Dr. Josep Laporte, Reus, Spain
| | - Alba Bosquet
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Centre d'R+D+I en Nutrició i Salut. Avda. de la Universitat, Reus, Spain.,Research Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, carrer Sant Llorenç, Reus, Spain
| | - Paula Saavedra
- Research Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, carrer Sant Llorenç, Reus, Spain
| | - Josep Gumà
- Oncology Research Group, "Sant Joan" University Hospital, Oncology Institute of Southern Catalonia (IOCS), Av. del Dr. Josep Laporte, Reus, Spain
| | - Josefa Girona
- Research Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, carrer Sant Llorenç, Reus, Spain
| | - Eric W-F Lam
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial Centre for Translational and Experimental Medicine (ICTEM), Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom
| | - Kepa Amillano
- Oncology Research Group, "Sant Joan" University Hospital, Oncology Institute of Southern Catalonia (IOCS), Av. del Dr. Josep Laporte, Reus, Spain
| | - Joan Borràs
- Oncology Research Group, "Sant Joan" University Hospital, Oncology Institute of Southern Catalonia (IOCS), Av. del Dr. Josep Laporte, Reus, Spain
| | - Lluís Masana
- Research Unit on Lipids and Atherosclerosis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, carrer Sant Llorenç, Reus, Spain
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421
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Olokpa E, Bolden A, Stewart LV. The Androgen Receptor Regulates PPARγ Expression and Activity in Human Prostate Cancer Cells. J Cell Physiol 2016; 231:2664-72. [PMID: 26945682 PMCID: PMC5132088 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that regulates growth and differentiation within normal prostate and prostate cancers. However the factors that control PPARγ within the prostate cancers have not been characterized. The goal of this study was to examine whether the androgen receptor (AR) regulates PPARγ expression and function within human prostate cancer cells. qRT-PCR and Western blot analyses revealed nanomolar concentrations of the AR agonist dihydrotestosterone (DHT) decrease PPARγ mRNA and protein within the castration-resistant, AR-positive C4-2 and VCaP human prostate cancer cell lines. The AR antagonists bicalutamide and enzalutamide blocked the ability of DHT to reduce PPARγ levels. In addition, siRNA mediated knockdown of AR increased PPARγ protein levels and ligand-induced PPARγ transcriptional activity within the C4-2 cell line. Furthermore, proteasome inhibitors that interfere with AR function increased the level of basal PPARγ and prevented the DHT-mediated suppression of PPARγ. These data suggest that AR normally functions to suppress PPARγ expression within AR-positive prostate cancer cells. To determine whether increases in AR protein would influence PPARγ expression and activity, we used lipofectamine-based transfections to overexpress AR within the AR-null PC-3 cells. The addition of AR to PC-3 cells did not significantly alter PPARγ protein levels. However, the ability of the PPARγ ligand rosiglitazone to induce activation of a PPARγ-driven luciferase reporter and induce expression of FABP4 was suppressed in AR-positive PC-3 cells. Together, these data indicate AR serves as a key modulator of PPARγ expression and function within prostate tumors. J. Cell. Physiol. 231: 2664-2672, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emuejevoke Olokpa
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer BiologyMeharry Medical CollegeNashvilleTennessee
| | - Adrienne Bolden
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer BiologyMeharry Medical CollegeNashvilleTennessee
| | - LaMonica V. Stewart
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer BiologyMeharry Medical CollegeNashvilleTennessee
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422
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Doler C, Schweiger M, Zimmermann R, Breinbauer R. Chemical Genetic Approaches for the Investigation of Neutral Lipid Metabolism. Chembiochem 2016; 17:358-77. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201500501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carina Doler
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Graz University of Technology; Stremayrgasse 9 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Martina Schweiger
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences; University of Graz; Heinrichstrasse 31/II 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Robert Zimmermann
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences; University of Graz; Heinrichstrasse 31/II 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Rolf Breinbauer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Graz University of Technology; Stremayrgasse 9 8010 Graz Austria
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423
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Longo N, Frigeni M, Pasquali M. Carnitine transport and fatty acid oxidation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2016; 1863:2422-35. [PMID: 26828774 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2016.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 480] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Carnitine is essential for the transfer of long-chain fatty acids across the inner mitochondrial membrane for subsequent β-oxidation. It can be synthesized by the body or assumed with the diet from meat and dairy products. Defects in carnitine biosynthesis do not routinely result in low plasma carnitine levels. Carnitine is accumulated by the cells and retained by kidneys using OCTN2, a high affinity organic cation transporter specific for carnitine. Defects in the OCTN2 carnitine transporter results in autosomal recessive primary carnitine deficiency characterized by decreased intracellular carnitine accumulation, increased losses of carnitine in the urine, and low serum carnitine levels. Patients can present early in life with hypoketotic hypoglycemia and hepatic encephalopathy, or later in life with skeletal and cardiac myopathy or sudden death from cardiac arrhythmia, usually triggered by fasting or catabolic state. This disease responds to oral carnitine that, in pharmacological doses, enters cells using the amino acid transporter B(0,+). Primary carnitine deficiency can be suspected from the clinical presentation or identified by low levels of free carnitine (C0) in the newborn screening. Some adult patients have been diagnosed following the birth of an unaffected child with very low carnitine levels in the newborn screening. The diagnosis is confirmed by measuring low carnitine uptake in the patients' fibroblasts or by DNA sequencing of the SLC22A5 gene encoding the OCTN2 carnitine transporter. Some mutations are specific for certain ethnic backgrounds, but the majority are private and identified only in individual families. Although the genotype usually does not correlate with metabolic or cardiac involvement in primary carnitine deficiency, patients presenting as adults tend to have at least one missense mutation retaining residual activity. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Mitochondrial Channels edited by Pierre Sonveaux, Pierre Maechler and Jean-Claude Martinou.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Longo
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Utah, and ARUP Laboratories, 500 Chipeta Way, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
| | - Marta Frigeni
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Marzia Pasquali
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, and ARUP Laboratories, 500 Chipeta Way, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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424
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Burak MF, Inouye KE, White A, Lee A, Tuncman G, Calay ES, Sekiya M, Tirosh A, Eguchi K, Birrane G, Lightwood D, Howells L, Odede G, Hailu H, West S, Garlish R, Neale H, Doyle C, Moore A, Hotamisligil GS. Development of a therapeutic monoclonal antibody that targets secreted fatty acid-binding protein aP2 to treat type 2 diabetes. Sci Transl Med 2015; 7:319ra205. [PMID: 26702093 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aac6336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
The lipid chaperone aP2/FABP4 has been implicated in the pathology of many immunometabolic diseases, including diabetes in humans, but aP2 has not yet been targeted for therapeutic applications. aP2 is not only an intracellular protein but also an active adipokine that contributes to hyperglycemia by promoting hepatic gluconeogenesis and interfering with peripheral insulin action. Serum aP2 levels are markedly elevated in mouse and human obesity and strongly correlate with metabolic complications. These observations raise the possibility of a new strategy to treat metabolic disease by targeting serum aP2 with a monoclonal antibody (mAb) to aP2. We evaluated mAbs to aP2 and identified one, CA33, that lowered fasting blood glucose, improved systemic glucose metabolism, increased systemic insulin sensitivity, and reduced fat mass and liver steatosis in obese mouse models. We examined the structure of the aP2-CA33 complex and resolved the target epitope by crystallographic studies in comparison to another mAb that lacked efficacy in vivo. In hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp studies, we found that the antidiabetic effect of CA33 was predominantly linked to the regulation of hepatic glucose output and peripheral glucose utilization. The antibody had no effect in aP2-deficient mice, demonstrating its target specificity. We conclude that an aP2 mAb-mediated therapeutic constitutes a feasible approach for the treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Furkan Burak
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases and Sabri Ülker Center, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Karen E Inouye
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases and Sabri Ülker Center, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ariel White
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases and Sabri Ülker Center, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alexandra Lee
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases and Sabri Ülker Center, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gurol Tuncman
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases and Sabri Ülker Center, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ediz S Calay
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases and Sabri Ülker Center, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Motohiro Sekiya
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases and Sabri Ülker Center, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Amir Tirosh
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases and Sabri Ülker Center, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kosei Eguchi
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases and Sabri Ülker Center, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Daniel Lightwood
- UCB (Union Chimique Belge), 208 Bath Road, Slough, Berkshire SL1 3WE, UK
| | - Louise Howells
- UCB (Union Chimique Belge), 208 Bath Road, Slough, Berkshire SL1 3WE, UK
| | - Geofrey Odede
- UCB (Union Chimique Belge), 208 Bath Road, Slough, Berkshire SL1 3WE, UK
| | - Hanna Hailu
- UCB (Union Chimique Belge), 208 Bath Road, Slough, Berkshire SL1 3WE, UK
| | - Shauna West
- UCB (Union Chimique Belge), 208 Bath Road, Slough, Berkshire SL1 3WE, UK
| | - Rachel Garlish
- UCB (Union Chimique Belge), 208 Bath Road, Slough, Berkshire SL1 3WE, UK
| | - Helen Neale
- UCB (Union Chimique Belge), 208 Bath Road, Slough, Berkshire SL1 3WE, UK
| | - Carl Doyle
- UCB (Union Chimique Belge), 208 Bath Road, Slough, Berkshire SL1 3WE, UK
| | - Adrian Moore
- UCB (Union Chimique Belge), 208 Bath Road, Slough, Berkshire SL1 3WE, UK
| | - Gökhan S Hotamisligil
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases and Sabri Ülker Center, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA. Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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