401
|
de Bartolomeis A, Iasevoli F, Marmo F, Buonaguro EF, Avvisati L, Latte G, Tomasetti C. Nicotine and caffeine modulate haloperidol-induced changes in postsynaptic density transcripts expression: Translational insights in psychosis therapy and treatment resistance. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2018; 28:538-559. [PMID: 29475793 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Caffeine and nicotine are widely used by schizophrenia patients and may worsen psychosis and affect antipsychotic therapies. However, they have also been accounted as augmentation strategies in treatment-resistant schizophrenia. Despite both substances are known to modulate dopamine and glutamate transmission, little is known about the molecular changes induced by these compounds in association to antipsychotics, mostly at the level of the postsynaptic density (PSD), a site of dopamine-glutamate interplay. Here we investigated whether caffeine and nicotine, alone or combined with haloperidol, elicited significant changes in the levels of both transcripts and proteins of the PSD members Homer1 and Arc, which have been implicated in synaptic plasticity, schizophrenia pathophysiology, and antipsychotics molecular action. Homer1a mRNA expression was significantly reduced by caffeine and nicotine, alone or combined with haloperidol, compared to haloperidol. Haloperidol induced significantly higher Arc mRNA levels than both caffeine and caffeine plus haloperidol in the striatum. Arc mRNA expression was significantly higher by nicotine plus haloperidol vs. haloperidol in the cortex, while in striatum gene expression by nicotine was significantly lower than that by both haloperidol and nicotine plus haloperidol. Both Homer1a and Arc protein levels were significantly increased by caffeine, nicotine, and nicotine plus haloperidol. Homer1b mRNA expression was significantly increased by nicotine and nicotine plus haloperidol, while protein levels were unaffected. Locomotor activity was not significantly affected by caffeine, while it was reduced by nicotine. These data indicate that both caffeine and nicotine trigger relevant molecular changes in PSD sites when given in association with haloperidol.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea de Bartolomeis
- Section of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry, and Unit of Treatment Resistant Psychosis Department of Neuroscience, University School of Medicine "Federico II", Naples, Italy.
| | - Felice Iasevoli
- Section of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry, and Unit of Treatment Resistant Psychosis Department of Neuroscience, University School of Medicine "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Federica Marmo
- Section of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry, and Unit of Treatment Resistant Psychosis Department of Neuroscience, University School of Medicine "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Filomena Buonaguro
- Section of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry, and Unit of Treatment Resistant Psychosis Department of Neuroscience, University School of Medicine "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Livia Avvisati
- Section of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry, and Unit of Treatment Resistant Psychosis Department of Neuroscience, University School of Medicine "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Gianmarco Latte
- Section of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry, and Unit of Treatment Resistant Psychosis Department of Neuroscience, University School of Medicine "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Carmine Tomasetti
- Section of Psychiatry, Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry, and Unit of Treatment Resistant Psychosis Department of Neuroscience, University School of Medicine "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
402
|
Svane KC, Asis EK, Omelchenko A, Kunnath AJ, Brzustowicz LM, Silverstein SM, Firestein BL. d-Serine administration affects nitric oxide synthase 1 adaptor protein and DISC1 expression in sex-specific manner. Mol Cell Neurosci 2018; 89:20-32. [PMID: 29601869 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2018.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Antipsychotic medications are inefficient at treating symptoms of schizophrenia (SCZ), and N-methyl d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) agonists are potential therapeutic alternatives. As such, these agonists may act on different pathways and proteins altered in the brains of patients with SCZ than do antipsychotic medications. Here, we investigate the effects of administration of the antipsychotic haloperidol and NMDAR agonist d-serine on function and expression of three proteins that play significant roles in SCZ: nitric oxide synthase 1 adaptor protein (NOS1AP), dopamine D2 (D2) receptor, and disrupted in schizophrenia 1 (DISC1). We administered haloperidol or d-serine to male and female Sprague Dawley rats via intraperitoneal injection for 12 days and subsequently examined cortical expression of NOS1AP, D2 receptor, and DISC1. We found sex-specific effects of haloperidol and d-serine treatment on the expression of these proteins. Haloperidol significantly reduced expression of D2 receptor in male, but not female, rats. Conversely, d-serine reduced expression of NOS1AP in male rats and did not affect D2 receptor expression. d-serine treatment also reduced expression of DISC1 in male rats and increased DISC1 expression in female rats. As NOS1AP is overexpressed in the cortex of patients with SCZ and negatively regulates NMDAR signaling, we subsequently examined whether treatment with antipsychotics or NMDAR agonists can reverse the detrimental effects of NOS1AP overexpression in vitro as previously reported by our group. NOS1AP overexpression promotes reduced dendrite branching in vitro, and as such, we treated cortical neurons overexpressing NOS1AP with different antipsychotics (haloperidol, clozapine, fluphenazine) or d-serine for 24 h and determined the effects of these drugs on NOS1AP expression and dendrite branching. While antipsychotics did not affect NOS1AP protein expression or dendrite branching in vitro, d-serine reduced NOS1AP expression and rescued NOS1AP-mediated reductions in dendrite branching. Taken together, our data suggest that d-serine influences the function and expression of NOS1AP, D2 receptor, and DISC1 in a sex-specific manner and reverses the effects of NOS1AP overexpression on dendrite morphology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten C Svane
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 604 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 675 Hoes Lane West, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Ericka-Kate Asis
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 604 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Anton Omelchenko
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 604 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 675 Hoes Lane West, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Ansley J Kunnath
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 604 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Linda M Brzustowicz
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 145 Bevier Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Steven M Silverstein
- Division of Schizophrenia Research, Rutgers University Behavioral Health Care, 671 Hoes Lane West, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Bonnie L Firestein
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 604 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
403
|
Cao T, Zhen XC. Dysregulation of miRNA and its potential therapeutic application in schizophrenia. CNS Neurosci Ther 2018. [PMID: 29529357 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Although it is generally believed that genetic and developmental factors play critical roles in pathogenesis of schizophrenia, however, the precise etiological mechanism of schizophrenia remains largely unknown. Over past decades, miRNAs have emerged as an essential post-transcriptional regulator in gene expression regulation. The importance of miRNA in brain development and neuroplasticity has been well-established. Abnormal expression and dysfunction of miRNAs are known to involve in the pathophysiology of many neuropsychiatric diseases including schizophrenia. In this review, we summarized the recent findings in the schizophrenia-associated dysregulation of miRNA and functional roles in the development and pathogenesis of schizophrenia. We also discussed the potential therapeutic implications of miRNA regulation in the illness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Cao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,The Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xue-Chu Zhen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,The Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
404
|
Li BJ, Liu P, Chu Z, Shang Y, Huan MX, Dang YH, Gao CG. Social isolation induces schizophrenia-like behavior potentially associated with HINT1, NMDA receptor 1, and dopamine receptor 2. Neuroreport 2018; 28:462-469. [PMID: 28410269 PMCID: PMC5639997 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000000775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Both genetic factors and early life adversity play major roles in the etiology of schizophrenia. Our previous studies indicated that social isolation (SI) during early postnatal development leads to several lasting abnormal behavioral and pathophysiological features resembling the core symptoms of some human neuropsychiatric disorders in mice. The glutamate and dopamine hypotheses are tightly linked to the development of schizophrenia. The cross-talk between glutamate N-methyl-d-aspartate acid receptors and dopamine receptors is associated with histidine triad nucleotide binding protein 1 (HINT1), which is correlated with diverse psychiatric disorders. We examined the effects of SI on schizophrenia-like behavior and used enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays to investigate the expression levels of HINT1, the NR1 subunit of N-methyl-d-aspartate acid receptor, and dopamine type 2 receptor (D2R) in C57 mice. We found that SI leads to a series of schizophrenia-related deficits, such as social withdrawal, anxiety disorder, cognitive impairments, and sensorimotor gating disturbances. These abnormal phenotypes paralleled changes of HINT1, NR1, and D2R. SI may be considered a robust model of the effects of early life stress on the schizophrenia-related behaviors in mice. Potential interactions among HINT1, NR1, and D2R may underlie the behavioral deficits induced by SI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bai-Jia Li
- aDepartment of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center bCollege of Medicine and Forensics, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center cQi De College, Xi'an Jiaotong University dKey Laboratory of the Health Ministry for Forensic Medicine eKey Laboratory of Forensic Medicine of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
405
|
Benlloch JM, González AJ, Pani R, Preziosi E, Jackson C, Murphy J, Barberá J, Correcher C, Aussenhofer S, Gareis D, Visvikis D, Bert J, Langstrom B, Farde L, Toth M, Haggkvist J, Caixeta FV, Kullander K, Somlai-Schweiger I, Schwaiger M. The MINDVIEW project: First results. Eur Psychiatry 2018; 50:21-27. [PMID: 29398564 DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We present the first results of the MINDVIEW project. An innovative imaging system for the human brain examination, allowing simultaneous acquisition of PET/MRI images, has been designed and constructed. It consists of a high sensitivity and high resolution PET scanner integrated in a novel, head-dedicated, radio frequency coil for a 3T MRI scanner. Preliminary measurements from the PET scanner show sensitivity 3 times higher than state-of-the-art PET systems that will allow safe repeated studies on the same patient. The achieved spatial resolution, close to 1 mm, will enable differentiation of relevant brain structures for schizophrenia. A cost-effective and simple method of radiopharmaceutical production from 11C-carbon monoxide and a mini-clean room has been demonstrated. It has been shown that 11C-raclopride has higher binding potential in a new VAAT null mutant mouse model of schizophrenia compared to wild type control animals. A significant reduction in TSPO binding has been found in gray matter in a small sample of drug-naïve, first episode psychosis patients, suggesting a reduced number or an altered function of immune cells in brain at early stage schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José M Benlloch
- Institute for Instrumentation in Molecular Imaging (I3 M), Universidad Politécnica de Valencia - CSIC, Valencia, Spain
| | - Antonio J González
- Institute for Instrumentation in Molecular Imaging (I3 M), Universidad Politécnica de Valencia - CSIC, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Roberto Pani
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Preziosi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Dimitris Visvikis
- INSERM, UMR1101, LaTIM, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Brest, France
| | - Julien Bert
- INSERM, UMR1101, LaTIM, Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Brest, France
| | | | - Lars Farde
- Dept. of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden; Precision Medicine & Genomics, AstraZeneca, PET Science Center, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Miklos Toth
- Dept. of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jenny Haggkvist
- Dept. of Clinical Neuroscience, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fabio V Caixeta
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Klas Kullander
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Markus Schwaiger
- Technische Universität München, Dept. of Nuclear Medicine, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
406
|
Pyramidal cell-selective GluN1 knockout causes impairments in salience attribution and related EEG activity. Exp Brain Res 2018; 236:837-846. [DOI: 10.1007/s00221-017-5152-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
407
|
Xu FL, Wu X, Zhang JJ, Wang BJ, Yao J. A meta-analysis of data associating DRD4 gene polymorphisms with schizophrenia. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2018; 14:153-164. [PMID: 29379288 PMCID: PMC5757990 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s156479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
To explore the association between DRD4 polymorphisms and schizophrenia risk, a meta-analysis was carried out with 41 case-control articles. Specifically, we included 28 articles (5,735 cases and 5,278 controls) that pertained to the 48 bp variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) polymorphism, nine articles (1,517 cases and 1,746 controls) that corresponded to the 12 bp tandem repeat (TR), six articles (1,912 cases and 1,836 controls) that addressed the 120 bp TR, 10 articles (2,927 cases and 2,938 controls) that entailed the -521 C>T polymorphism, six articles (1,735 cases and 1,724 controls) that pertained to the -616 C>G polymorphism, and four articles (1,191 cases and 1,215 controls) that involved the -376 C>T polymorphism. Pooled analysis, subgroup analysis, and sensitivity analysis were performed, and the data were visualized by means of forest and funnel plots. Results of pooled analysis indicated that the -521 CC variant (Pz=0.009, odds ratio [OR] =1.218, 95% confidence interval [CI] =1.050-1.413) and genotype L/L (ie, long allele) of the 120 bp TR were risk factors of schizophrenia (Pz=0.004, OR =1.275, 95% CI =1.081-1.504). The 48 bp VNTR, the 12 bp TR, the -616 C>G polymorphism, and the -376 C>T polymorphism were not associated with schizophrenia. Additional research is warranted to explore the association between polymorphisms of DRD4 and schizophrenia risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng-ling Xu
- Department of Forensic, Genetic and Biology Medicine, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xue Wu
- Department of Forensic, Genetic and Biology Medicine, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jing-jing Zhang
- Department of Forensic, Genetic and Biology Medicine, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bao-jie Wang
- Department of Forensic, Genetic and Biology Medicine, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jun Yao
- Department of Forensic, Genetic and Biology Medicine, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| |
Collapse
|
408
|
Rampino A, Marakhovskaia A, Soares-Silva T, Torretta S, Veneziani F, Beaulieu JM. Antipsychotic Drug Responsiveness and Dopamine Receptor Signaling; Old Players and New Prospects. Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:702. [PMID: 30687136 PMCID: PMC6338030 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Antipsychotic drugs targeting dopamine neurotransmission are still the principal mean of therapeutic intervention for schizophrenia. However, about one third of people do not respond to dopaminergic antipsychotics. Genome wide association studies (GWAS), have shown that multiple genetic factors play a role in schizophrenia pathophysiology. Most of these schizophrenia risk variants are not related to dopamine or antipsychotic drugs mechanism of action. Genetic factors have also been implicated in defining response to antipsychotic medication. In contrast to disease risk, variation of genes coding for molecular targets of antipsychotics have been associated with treatment response. Among genes implicated, those involved in dopamine signaling mediated by D2-class dopamine receptor, including DRD2 itself and its molecular effectors, have been implicated as key genetic predictors of response to treatments. Studies have also reported that genetic variation in genes coding for proteins that cross-talk with DRD2 at the molecular level, such as AKT1, GSK3B, Beta-catenin, and PPP2R2B are associated with response to antipsychotics. In this review we discuss the relative contribution to antipsychotic drug responsiveness of candidate genes and GWAS identified genes encoding proteins involved in dopamine responses. We also suggest that in addition of these older players, a deeper investigation of new GWAS identified schizophrenia risk genes such as FXR1 can provide new prospects that are not clearly engaged in dopamine function while being targeted by dopamine-associated signaling molecules. Overall, further examination of genes proximally or distally related to signaling mechanisms engaged by medications and associated with disease risk and/or treatment responsiveness may uncover an interface between genes involved in disease causation with those affecting disease remediation. Such a nexus would provide realistic targets for therapy and further the development of genetically personalized approaches for schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Rampino
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy.,Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Consorziale Policlinico di Bari, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Tiago Soares-Silva
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Silvia Torretta
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Federica Veneziani
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Jean Martin Beaulieu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
409
|
Barnes SA, Young JW, Markou A, Adham N, Gyertyán I, Kiss B. The Effects of Cariprazine and Aripiprazole on PCP-Induced Deficits on Attention Assessed in the 5-Choice Serial Reaction Time Task. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2018; 235:1403-1414. [PMID: 29473089 PMCID: PMC5920008 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-018-4857-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Attentional processing deficits are a core feature of schizophrenia, likely contributing to the persistent functional and occupational disability observed in patients with schizophrenia. The pathophysiology of schizophrenia is hypothesized to involve dysregulation of NMDA receptor-mediated glutamate transmission, contributing to disruptions in normal dopamine transmission. Preclinical investigations often use NMDA receptor antagonists, such as phencyclidine (PCP), to induce cognitive disruptions relevant to schizophrenia. We sought to test the ability of partial dopamine D2/D3 agonists, cariprazine and aripiprazole, to attenuate PCP-induced deficits in attentional performance. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study is to determine whether systemic administration of cariprazine or aripiprazole attenuated 5-choice serial reaction time task (5-CSRTT) deficits induced by repeated exposure to PCP. METHODS We utilized a repeated PCP-treatment regimen (2 mg/kg, subcutaneous [s.c.], once daily for 5 days) in rats to induce deficits in the 5-CSRTT. Rats were pre-treated with cariprazine (0.03, 0.1, or 0.3 mg/kg, oral [p.o.]) or aripiprazole (1, 3, or 10 mg/kg, p.o.) to determine whether they prevented PCP-induced deficits in the 5-CSRTT performance. RESULTS PCP treatment increased inappropriate responding in the 5-CSRTT, elevating incorrect, premature, and timeout responses. Cariprazine treatment reduced PCP-induced increases in inappropriate responding. However, at higher doses, cariprazine produced non-specific response suppression, confounding interpretation of the attenuated PCP-induced deficits. Aripiprazole treatment also attenuated PCP-induced deficits; however, unlike cariprazine treatment, aripiprazole reduced correct responding and increased omissions. CONCLUSIONS Cariprazine and aripiprazole both demonstrated potential in attenuating PCP-induced deficits in the 5-CSRTT performance. While both compounds produced non-specific response suppression, these effects were absent when 0.03 mg/kg cariprazine was administered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel A. Barnes
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, M/C 0603, Room BSB2202, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - Jared W. Young
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, M/C 0603, Room BSB2202, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | - Athina Markou
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, M/C 0603, Room BSB2202, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA
| | | | - István Gyertyán
- MTA-SE NAP B Cognitive Translational Behavioral Pharmacology Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary ,Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience and Psychology, Research Center for Natural Sciences, MTA, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Béla Kiss
- Gedeon Richter Plc, Budapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
410
|
Avissar M, Javitt D. Mismatch negativity: A simple and useful biomarker of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR)-type glutamate dysfunction in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2018; 191:1-4. [PMID: 29132813 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2017.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Avissar
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States.
| | - Daniel Javitt
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States; Program in Cognitive Neuroscience and Schizophrenia, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, United States
| |
Collapse
|
411
|
Rohde C, Polcwiartek C, Asztalos M, Nielsen J. Effectiveness of Prescription-Based CNS Stimulants on Hospitalization in Patients With Schizophrenia: A Nation-Wide Register Study. Schizophr Bull 2018; 44:93-100. [PMID: 28379483 PMCID: PMC5768038 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbx043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Negative symptoms and cognitive deficits are main features of schizophrenia but with limited treatment options. Earlier studies have suggested that central nervous system (CNS) stimulants have a small effect on these domains, but with inconclusive results. As the first study to date, we aimed to investigate whether CNS stimulants improve naturalistic outcomes (psychiatric admissions and antipsychotic use) in patients with schizophrenia. METHODS By using extensive health registers all patients with schizophrenia and their use of CNS stimulants in Denmark were identified. Two models were used to investigate the effectiveness of CNS stimulants in patients with schizophrenia between 1995 and 2014; a mirror-image model with 605 individuals, using paired t tests and Wilcoxon signed rank tests, and a follow-up study with 789 individuals, using a conditional risk-set model. RESULTS CNS stimulants use was associated with a reduction in number of psychiatric admissions from 3.43 (95% CI = 2.86 to 4.01) to 2.62 (95% CI = 1.99 to 3.25) (P = .009), with a more pronounced reduction for women (mean difference: -1.37, 95% CI = -2.34 to -0.40, P = .006). Psychiatric bed-days were reduced by 40 (95% CI = 24.5 to 55.6, P < .001) for individuals with at least 1 admission before CNS stimulant use. In addition, the total amount of antipsychotic use (Defined Daily Dose [DDD]) was reduced (P = .001). The Hazard rate ratio in psychiatric admissions between women taking CNS stimulants compared to women not taking CNS stimulants was 0.77 (95% CI = 0.67 to 0.88). CONCLUSION CNS stimulants may have clinical potentials for improving functional outcomes in patients with schizophrenia and randomized clinical studies evaluating this topic are warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Rohde
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark,Department of Psychiatry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark,To whom correspondence should be addressed; Department of Psychiatry, Center for Psychosis, Aalborg University Hospital, Brandevej 5, Aalborg Ø 9220, Denmark; tel: +45-28-26-09-90, e-mail:
| | - Christoffer Polcwiartek
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark,Department of Psychiatry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Marton Asztalos
- Department of Psychiatry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark,School of PhD Studies, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Jimmi Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark,Department of Psychiatry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark,Mental Health Centre Glostrup, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
412
|
Rigucci S, Xin L, Klauser P, Baumann PS, Alameda L, Cleusix M, Jenni R, Ferrari C, Pompili M, Gruetter R, Do KQ, Conus P. Cannabis use in early psychosis is associated with reduced glutamate levels in the prefrontal cortex. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2018; 235:13-22. [PMID: 29075884 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-017-4745-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2017] [Revised: 08/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Recent studies have shown that cannabis may disrupt glutamate (Glu) signaling depressing Glu tone in frequent users. Current evidence have also consistently reported lower Glu-levels in various brain regions, particularly in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of chronic schizophrenia patients, while findings in early psychosis (EP) are not conclusive. Since cannabis may alter Glu synaptic plasticity and its use is a known risk factor for psychosis, studies focusing on Glu signaling in EP with or without a concomitant cannabis-usage seem crucial. OBJECTIVE We investigate the effect of cannabis use on prefrontal Glu-levels in EP users vs. both EP non-users and healthy controls (HC). METHODS Magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to measure [GlumPFC] of 35 EP subjects (18 of whom were cannabis users) and 33 HC. For correlative analysis, neuropsychological performances were scored by the MATRICS-consensus cognitive battery. RESULTS [GlumPFC] was lower in EP users comparing to both HC and EP non-users (p < 0.001 and p = 0.01, respectively), while no differences were observed between EP non-users and HC. A greater [GlumPFC]-decline with age was observed in EP users (r = -.46; p = 0.04), but not in EP non-users or HC. Among neuropsychological outcomes, working memory was the only domain that differentiates patients depending on their cannabis use, with users having poorer performances. CONCLUSIONS Cannabis use is associated with reduced prefrontal [GlumPFC] and with a stronger Glu-levels decline with age. Glutamatergic abnormalities might influence the cognitive impairment observed in users and have some relevance for the progression of the disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Rigucci
- TIPP (Treatment and Early Intervention in Psychosis Program); Service of General Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Neurosciences, Sensory Organs and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Lijing Xin
- Animal imaging and technology core (AIT), Center for Biomedical Imaging (CIBM), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paul Klauser
- TIPP (Treatment and Early Intervention in Psychosis Program); Service of General Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Philipp S Baumann
- TIPP (Treatment and Early Intervention in Psychosis Program); Service of General Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Luis Alameda
- TIPP (Treatment and Early Intervention in Psychosis Program); Service of General Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Martine Cleusix
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Raoul Jenni
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Carina Ferrari
- TIPP (Treatment and Early Intervention in Psychosis Program); Service of General Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Maurizio Pompili
- Department of Neurosciences, Sensory Organs and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Rolf Gruetter
- Laboratory of Functional and Metabolic Imaging, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Departments of Radiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Radiology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Kim Q Do
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Philippe Conus
- TIPP (Treatment and Early Intervention in Psychosis Program); Service of General Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
413
|
Healy-Stoffel M, Levant B. N-3 (Omega-3) Fatty Acids: Effects on Brain Dopamine Systems and Potential Role in the Etiology and Treatment of Neuropsychiatric Disorders. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2018; 17:216-232. [PMID: 29651972 PMCID: PMC6563911 DOI: 10.2174/1871527317666180412153612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE A number of neuropsychiatric disorders, including Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and, to some extent, depression, involve dysregulation of the brain dopamine systems. The etiology of these diseases is multifactorial, involving genetic and environmental factors. Evidence suggests that inadequate levels of n-3 (omega- 3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in the brain may represent a risk factor for these disorders. These fatty acids, which are derived from the diet, are a major component of neuronal membranes and are of particular importance in brain development and function. Low levels of n-3 PUFAs in the brain affect the brain dopamine systems and, when combined with appropriate genetic and other factors, increase the risk of developing these disorders and/or the severity of the disease. This article reviews the neurobiology of n-3 PUFAs and their effects on dopaminergic function. CONCLUSION Clinical studies supporting their role in the etiologies of diseases involving the brain dopamine systems and the potential of n-3 PUFAs in the treatment of these disorders are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Beth Levant
- Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics and the Kansas Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| |
Collapse
|
414
|
Rodríguez-Muñoz M, Sánchez-Blázquez P, Callado LF, Meana JJ, Garzón-Niño J. Schizophrenia and depression, two poles of endocannabinoid system deregulation. Transl Psychiatry 2017; 7:1291. [PMID: 29249810 PMCID: PMC5802629 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-017-0029-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The activity of certain G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and of glutamate N-Methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) is altered in both schizophrenia and depression. Using postmortem prefrontal cortex samples from subjects with schizophrenia or depression, we observed a series of opposite changes in the expression of signaling proteins that have been implicated in the cross-talk between GPCRs and NMDARs. Thus, the levels of HINT1 proteins and NMDAR NR1 subunits carrying the C1 cytosolic segment were increased in depressives and decreased in schizophrenics, respect to matched controls. The differences in NR1 C1 subunits were compensated for via altered expression of NR1 subunits lacking the C1 segment; thus, the total number of NR1 subunits was comparable among the three groups. GPCRs influence the function of NR1 C1-containing NMDARs via PKC/Src, and thus, the association of mu-opioid and dopamine 2 receptors with NR1 C1 subunits was augmented in depressives and decreased in schizophrenics. However, the association of cannabinoid 1 receptors (CB1Rs) with NR1 C1 remained nearly constant. Endocannabinoids, via CB1Rs, control the presence of NR1 C1 subunits in the neural membrane. Thus, an altered endocannabinoid system may contribute to the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and depression by modifying the HINT1-NR1 C1/GPCR ratio, thereby altering GPCR-NMDAR cross-regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Rodríguez-Muñoz
- 0000 0001 2177 5516grid.419043.bNeuropharmacology, Department of Translational Neurosciences, Instituto Cajal, CSIC, Madrid, E-28002 Spain
| | - Pilar Sánchez-Blázquez
- 0000 0001 2177 5516grid.419043.bNeuropharmacology, Department of Translational Neurosciences, Instituto Cajal, CSIC, Madrid, E-28002 Spain
| | - Luis F. Callado
- grid.452310.1Department of Pharmacology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, BioCruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - J. Javier Meana
- grid.452310.1Department of Pharmacology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, BioCruces Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Javier Garzón-Niño
- Neuropharmacology, Department of Translational Neurosciences, Instituto Cajal, CSIC, Madrid, E-28002, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
415
|
Schifani C, Hafizi S, Da Silva T, Watts JJ, Khan MS, Mizrahi R. Using molecular imaging to understand early schizophrenia-related psychosis neurochemistry: a review of human studies. Int Rev Psychiatry 2017; 29:555-566. [PMID: 29219634 PMCID: PMC8011813 DOI: 10.1080/09540261.2017.1396205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a chronic psychiatric disorder generally preceded by a so-called prodromal phase, which is characterized by attenuated psychotic symptoms. Advances in clinical research have enabled prospective identification of those individuals who are at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis, with the power to predict psychosis onset within the near future. Changes in several brain neurochemical systems and molecular mechanisms are implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and the psychosis spectrum, including the dopaminergic, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic, glutamatergic, endocannabinoid, and immunologic (i.e. glial activation) system and other promising future directions such as synaptic density, which are possible to quantify in vivo using positron emission tomography (PET). This paper aims to review in vivo PET studies in the mentioned systems in the early course of psychosis (i.e. CHR and first-episode psychosis (FEP)). The results of reviewed studies are promising; however, the current understanding of the underlying pathology of psychosis is still limited. Importantly, promising efforts involve the development of novel PET radiotracers targeting systems with growing interest in schizophrenia, like the nociceptive system and synaptic density.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christin Schifani
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sina Hafizi
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tania Da Silva
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jeremy Joseph Watts
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - M. Saad Khan
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Romina Mizrahi
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
416
|
Berkovitch L, Dehaene S, Gaillard R. Disruption of Conscious Access in Schizophrenia. Trends Cogn Sci 2017; 21:878-892. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
417
|
Attenuation of ketamine-induced impairment in verbal learning and memory in healthy volunteers by the AMPA receptor potentiator PF-04958242. Mol Psychiatry 2017; 22:1633-1640. [PMID: 28242871 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2017.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
There is a need to develop treatments for cognitive impairment associated with schizophrenia (CIAS). The significant role played by N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) in both the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and in neuronal plasticity suggests that facilitation of NMDAR function might ameliorate CIAS. One strategy to correct NMDAR hypofunction is to stimulate α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors (AMPARs) as AMPAR and NMDAR functioning are coupled and interdependent. In rats and nonhuman primates (NHP), AMPAR potentiators reduce spatial working memory deficits caused by the nonselective NMDAR antagonist ketamine. The current study assessed whether the AMPAR potentiator PF-04958242 would attenuate ketamine-induced deficits in verbal learning and memory in humans. Healthy male subjects (n=29) participated in two randomized treatment periods of daily placebo or PF-04958242 for 5 days separated by a washout period. On day 5 of each treatment period, subjects underwent a ketamine infusion for 75 min during which the effects of PF-04958242/placebo were assessed on ketamine-induced: (1) impairments in verbal learning and recall measured by the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test; (2) impairments in working memory on a CogState battery; and (3) psychotomimetic effects measured by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale and Clinician-Administered Dissociative Symptoms Scale. PF-04958242 significantly reduced ketamine-induced impairments in immediate recall and the 2-Back and spatial working memory tasks (CogState Battery), without significantly attenuating ketamine-induced psychotomimetic effects. There were no pharmacokinetic interactions between PF-04958242 and ketamine. Furthermore, PF-04958242 was well tolerated. 'High-impact' AMPAR potentiators like PF-04958242 may have a role in the treatment of the cognitive symptoms, but not the positive or negative symptoms, associated with schizophrenia. The excellent concordance between the preclinical (rat, NHP) and human studies with PF-04958242, and in silico modeling of AMPAR-NMDAR interactions in the hippocampus, highlights the translational value of this study.
Collapse
|
418
|
Sun ZY, Gu HS, Chen X, Zhang L, Li XM, Zhang JW, Li L. A novel flavanone derivative ameliorates cuprizone-induced behavioral changes and white matter pathology in the brain of mice. Psychiatry Res 2017; 257:249-259. [PMID: 28783571 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.07.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that white matter lesions play an important role in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. DHF-6 is a novel flavanone derivative synthesized in our laboratory. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of DHF-6 on behavioral changes and white matter pathology in a 0.2% cuprizone-fed C57BL/6 mice model. The results showed that cuprizone induced a decrease in spontaneous alternations in the Y-maze test, an increase in locomotor activity in the open field test, demyelination determined by electron microscopy, a decline in the expression of myelin basic protein (MBP), a decrease in the differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) into mature oligodendrocytes (OLs), and an activation of microglia and astrocytes in the corpus callosum measured by western blot and/or immunocytochemical analyses. Intragastric administration of DHF-6 (25 and 50mg/kg) for 5-weeks increased the spontaneous alternations, reduced locomotor activity, reversed demyelination and MBP decrease, promoted OPCs differentiation into mature OLs, and inhibited the activation of microglia and astrocytes. These results suggest that DHF-6 may improve cognitive impairment and the positive symptoms of schizophrenia by alleviating white matter lesions via facilitating remyelination and inhibiting neuroinflammation, thus may be beneficial in the treatment of schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Yu Sun
- Department of Pharmacology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Nerve System Drugs, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases of Ministry of Education, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Hong-Shun Gu
- Department of Pharmacology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Nerve System Drugs, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases of Ministry of Education, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Nerve System Drugs, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases of Ministry of Education, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Nerve System Drugs, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases of Ministry of Education, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Xin-Min Li
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2R3
| | - Jian-Wei Zhang
- School of Chemical Biology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Nerve System Drugs, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases of Ministry of Education, Beijing 100053, China.
| |
Collapse
|
419
|
Challenges and opportunities for the development of new antipsychotic drugs. Biochem Pharmacol 2017; 143:10-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2017.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
420
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our aim was to perform an updated systematic review and meta-analysis on the efficacy and safety of adjunctive minocycline as a treatment of schizophrenia. METHODS We conducted a PubMed/Scopus database search from inception to 3 February 2016 for randomized, placebo-controlled trials (RCTs), open non-randomized studies, and case reports/series evaluating minocycline in patients with schizophrenia. Random-effects meta-analysis of positive, negative, depressive, and cognitive symptom rating scales, discontinuation and adverse effects rates calculating standardized mean difference (SMD), and risk ratios±95% confidence intervals (CI 95%) were calculated. RESULTS Six RCTs were eligible (minocycline n=215, placebo n=198) that demonstrated minocycline's superiority versus placebo for reducing endpoint Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) total scores (SMD=-0.59; CI 95%=[1.15, -0.03]; p=0.04), negative (SMD=-0.76; CI 95%=[-1.21, -0.31]; p=0.001); general subscale scores (SMD=-0.44; CI 95%=[-0.88, -0.00]; p=0.05), Clinical Global Impressions scores (SMD=-0.50; CI 95%=[-0.78, -0.22]; p<0.001); and executive functioning (SMD=0.22; CI 95%=[0.01, 0.44]; p=0.04). Endpoint PANSS positive symptom scores (p=0.13), depression rating scale scores (p=0.43), attention (p=0.47), memory (p=0.52), and motor speed processing (p=0.50) did not significantly differ from placebo, before execution of a trim-and-fill procedure. Minocycline did not differ compared to placebo on all-cause discontinuation (p=0.56), discontinuation due to inefficacy (p=0.99), and intolerability (p=0.51), and due to death (p=0.32). Data from one open-label study (N=22) and three case series (N=6) were consistent with the metaanalytic results. CONCLUSIONS Minocycline appears to be an effective adjunctive treatment option in schizophrenia, improving multiple relevant disease dimensions. Moreover, minocycline has an acceptable safety and tolerability profile. However, more methodologically sound and larger RCTs remain necessary to confirm and extend these results.
Collapse
|
421
|
Chandradasa M, Champika L, de Silva S, Kuruppuarachchi KALA. Topiramate's effectiveness on weight reduction in overweight/obese persons with schizophrenia: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Trials 2017; 18:435. [PMID: 28931411 PMCID: PMC5607510 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-017-2162-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizophrenia is a psychiatric disorder with a higher mortality than that of the general population. Most of the deaths are due to cardiovascular causes and are related to metabolic risks. This risk is due not only to antipsychotics but also to inherent factors of the disorder. Studies in the West have shown topiramate to be effective in schizophrenia to reduce weight gain and for symptomatic control. Whether this is effective for South Asians is not known. It is important because South Asians have a higher risk of metabolic syndrome. We aim to conduct a double-blind, randomized controlled trial comparing topiramate add-on therapy with treatment as usual with antipsychotics in patients with schizophrenia in an outpatient setting in Sri Lanka. METHODS/DESIGN Ninety patients with schizophrenia presenting to the Colombo North Teaching Hospital will be randomized to intervention and control groups equally using permuted block randomization. Patients with comorbid metabolic disorders and taking prescribed weight-controlling medications will be excluded. The intervention group will be prescribed topiramate in addition to their antipsychotics in a predefined dosing regimen targeting a dose of 100 mg per day. The control subjects are to receive a placebo. As the primary outcome, anthropometric measurements including weight, waist circumference, skinfold thickness, and body mass index will be recorded at baseline and monthly during the study period of 3 months. The secondary outcome is the change in symptoms according to the clinician-administered Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale. Assessment of capacity will be performed and informed consent obtained from all subjects. Ethics approval has been obtained from the ethical review committee of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, and the trial has been registered in the Sri Lanka Clinical Trials Registry. DISCUSSION In this double-blind, randomized controlled trial, we will attempt to assess the effectiveness of topiramate as an add-on therapy compared with treatment as usual for weight control in patients with schizophrenia. To our knowledge, this is the first such study in South Asia, where metabolic risks are found to be higher than in the West and could have unique ethnic factors related to weight gain in schizophrenia. TRIAL REGISTRATION Sri Lanka Clinical Trials Registry, SLCTR/2017/003 . Registered on 20 February 2017. Universal trial number, U1111-1192-9439.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miyuru Chandradasa
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Kelaniya, Sri Lanka
- Colombo North Teaching Hospital, Ragama, Sri Lanka
| | | | | | - K. A. L. A. Kuruppuarachchi
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Kelaniya, Sri Lanka
- Colombo North Teaching Hospital, Ragama, Sri Lanka
| |
Collapse
|
422
|
Farina M, Aschner M, da Rocha JBT. The catecholaminergic neurotransmitter system in methylmercury-induced neurotoxicity. ADVANCES IN NEUROTOXICOLOGY 2017; 1:47-81. [PMID: 32346666 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ant.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Farina
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology , Albert Einstein College of Medicine , Bronx , NY , United States
| | - João Batista Teixeira da Rocha
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
423
|
Treating the placenta to prevent adverse effects of gestational hypoxia on fetal brain development. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9079. [PMID: 28831049 PMCID: PMC5567270 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06300-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Some neuropsychiatric disease, including schizophrenia, may originate during prenatal development, following periods of gestational hypoxia and placental oxidative stress. Here we investigated if gestational hypoxia promotes damaging secretions from the placenta that affect fetal development and whether a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant MitoQ might prevent this. Gestational hypoxia caused low birth-weight and changes in young adult offspring brain, mimicking those in human neuropsychiatric disease. Exposure of cultured neurons to fetal plasma or to secretions from the placenta or from model trophoblast barriers that had been exposed to altered oxygenation caused similar morphological changes. The secretions and plasma contained altered microRNAs whose targets were linked with changes in gene expression in the fetal brain and with human schizophrenia loci. Molecular and morphological changes in vivo and in vitro were prevented by a single dose of MitoQ bound to nanoparticles, which were shown to localise and prevent oxidative stress in the placenta but not in the fetus. We suggest the possibility of developing preventative treatments that target the placenta and not the fetus to reduce risk of psychiatric disease in later life.
Collapse
|
424
|
The Atypical MAP Kinase SWIP-13/ERK8 Regulates Dopamine Transporters through a Rho-Dependent Mechanism. J Neurosci 2017; 37:9288-9304. [PMID: 28842414 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1582-17.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) regulates multiple behaviors across phylogeny, with disrupted DA signaling in humans associated with addiction, attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder, schizophrenia, and Parkinson's disease. The DA transporter (DAT) imposes spatial and temporal limits on DA action, and provides for presynaptic DA recycling to replenish neurotransmitter pools. Molecular mechanisms that regulate DAT expression, trafficking, and function, particularly in vivo, remain poorly understood, though recent studies have implicated rho-linked pathways in psychostimulant action. To identify genes that dictate the ability of DAT to sustain normal levels of DA clearance, we pursued a forward genetic screen in Caenorhabditis elegans based on the phenotype swimming-induced paralysis (Swip), a paralytic behavior observed in hermaphrodite worms with loss-of-function dat-1 mutations. Here, we report the identity of swip-13, which encodes a highly conserved ortholog of the human atypical MAP kinase ERK8. We present evidence that SWIP-13 acts presynaptically to insure adequate levels of surface DAT expression and DA clearance. Moreover, we provide in vitro and in vivo evidence supporting a conserved pathway involving SWIP-13/ERK8 activation of Rho GTPases that dictates DAT surface expression and function.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Signaling by the neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) is tightly regulated by the DA transporter (DAT), insuring efficient DA clearance after release. Molecular networks that regulate DAT are poorly understood, particularly in vivo Using a forward genetic screen in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, we implicate the atypical mitogen activated protein kinase, SWIP-13, in DAT regulation. Moreover, we provide in vitro and in vivo evidence that SWIP-13, as well as its human counterpart ERK8, regulate DAT surface availability via the activation of Rho proteins. Our findings implicate a novel pathway that regulates DA synaptic availability and that may contribute to risk for disorders linked to perturbed DA signaling. Targeting this pathway may be of value in the development of therapeutics in such disorders.
Collapse
|
425
|
Alfimova MV, Golimbet VE, Korovaitseva GI, Lezheiko TV, Tikhonov DV, Ganisheva TK, Berezin NB, Snegireva AA, Shemiakina TK. [A role of interactions between N-methyl-D-aspartate and dopamine receptors in facial emotion recognition impairment in schizophrenia]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2017; 117:47-52. [PMID: 28745671 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro20171176147-52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
AIM To search for genetic mechanisms of facial emotion recognition (FER) impairment, one of the features of schizophrenia that affects social adaptation of patients. Based on the view implicating the interplay between dopaminergic and glutamatergic systems into the pathogenesis of schizophrenia, authors explored the interaction effects of the C366G polymorphism in the GRIN2B gene encoding NMDA receptor subunit NR2B with ANKK1/DRD2 Taq1A and 48-VNTR DRD4 polymorphisms on FER. MATERIAL AND METHODS GRIN2B -DRD2 interaction effects were studied in a sample of 237 patients and 235 healthy controls, GRIN2B - DRD4 in 268 patients and 208 controls. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Both effects were significant in combined samples of patients and controls (GRIN2B X DRD2, F=4.12, p=0.043; GRIN2B X DRD4, F=6.43, p=0.012). Further analysis confirmed the interaction effect of GRIN2B and DRD2 polymorphisms on FER in patients with schizophrenia. In patients with a less efficient allele of the DRD2 in the absence of the minor allele of the GRIN2B C366G polymorphism, the results were close to normal values while patients with minor alleles of both polymorphisms showed the worst results. This finding is in line with the conceptions on a possible role of NMDA-receptor hypofunction and D2-mediated regulation of NMDA-receptor activity in FER impairments in schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - N B Berezin
- Alekseev Psychiatric Hospital #1, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
426
|
Plitman E, Iwata Y, Caravaggio F, Nakajima S, Chung JK, Gerretsen P, Kim J, Takeuchi H, Chakravarty MM, Remington G, Graff-Guerrero A. Kynurenic Acid in Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Schizophr Bull 2017; 43:764-777. [PMID: 28187219 PMCID: PMC5472151 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbw221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Kynurenic acid (KYNA) is an endogenous antagonist of N-methyl-D-aspartate and α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors that is derived from astrocytes as part of the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan degradation. Evidence suggests that abnormal KYNA levels are involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. However, this has never been assessed through a meta-analysis. A literature search was conducted through Ovid using Embase, Medline, and PsycINFO databases (last search: December 2016) with the search terms: (kynuren* or KYNA) and (schizophreni* or psychosis). English language studies measuring KYNA levels using any method in patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls (HCs) were identified. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) were calculated to determine differences in KYNA levels between groups. Subgroup analyses were separately performed for nonoverlapping participant samples, KYNA measurement techniques, and KYNA sample source. The influences of patients' age, antipsychotic status (%medicated), and sex (%male) on study SMDs were assessed through a meta-regression. Thirteen studies were deemed eligible for inclusion in the meta-analysis. In the main analysis, KYNA levels were elevated in the patient group. Subgroup analyses demonstrated that KYNA levels were increased in nonoverlapping participant samples, and centrally (cerebrospinal fluid and brain tissue) but not peripherally. Patients' age, %medicated, and %male were each positively associated with study SMDs. Overall, KYNA levels are increased in patients with schizophrenia, specifically within the central nervous system. An improved understanding of KYNA in patients with schizophrenia may contribute to the development of novel diagnostic approaches and therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Plitman
- Multimodal Imaging Group, Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada;,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yusuke Iwata
- Multimodal Imaging Group, Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Fernando Caravaggio
- Multimodal Imaging Group, Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Shinichiro Nakajima
- Multimodal Imaging Group, Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada;,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada;,Geriatric Mental Health Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada;,Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Ku Chung
- Multimodal Imaging Group, Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada;,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Philip Gerretsen
- Multimodal Imaging Group, Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada;,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada;,Geriatric Mental Health Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Julia Kim
- Multimodal Imaging Group, Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada;,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hiroyoshi Takeuchi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada;,Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan;,Schizophrenia Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - M. Mallar Chakravarty
- Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada;,Departments of Psychiatry and Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Gary Remington
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada;,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada;,Schizophrenia Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada;,Campbell Institute Research Program, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ariel Graff-Guerrero
- Multimodal Imaging Group, Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada;,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada;,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada;,Geriatric Mental Health Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada;,Campbell Institute Research Program, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
427
|
Spellmann I, Riedel M, Städtler J, Zill P, Obermeier M, Cerovecki A, Dehning S, Schennach R, Epple M, Opgen-Rhein M, Müller N, Bondy B, Möller HJ, Musil R. Associations of NEUROD2 polymorphisms and change of cognitive dysfunctions in schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder after eight weeks of antipsychotic treatment. Cogn Neuropsychiatry 2017; 22:280-297. [PMID: 28470106 DOI: 10.1080/13546805.2017.1322502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION NEUROD2 is a neurospecific helix-loop-helix transcription factor which has an impact on the regulation of glutamatergic and GABAergic genes. We investigated an association of NEUROD2 with neurocognitive dysfunctions in schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder patients before and during treatment with different second-generation antipsychotics. METHODS Patients were genotyped for four different polymorphisms of the NEUROD2 gene ((rs9889354(A/G), rs1877032(C/T), rs12453682(C/T) and rs11078918(C/G)). Cognitive function was assessed at baseline and week 8. Results of individual neuropsychological tests were assigned to six cognitive domains (reaction time and quality; executive function; working, verbal and visual memory) and a general cognitive index. RESULTS 167 patients were included in the study. The NEUROD2 exonic polymorphism rs11078918 showed significant associations with verbal memory and executive functions, whereas the NEUROD2 polymorphism rs12453682 was significantly associated with working and verbal memory, executive functions and with a cognitive index. Significant associations were found at baseline and after eight weeks. Moreover, significant associations between the change in neuropsychological test results during antipsychotic treatment and the NEUROD2 polymorphisms rs11078918 and rs12453682 were observed. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the NEUROD2 gene could play a role in the pathophysiology of neurocognitive dysfunctions as well as in the change of cognitive symptoms under antipsychotic treatment in schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilja Spellmann
- a Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy , Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich , Munich , Germany
| | - Michael Riedel
- a Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy , Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich , Munich , Germany
| | - Julia Städtler
- a Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy , Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich , Munich , Germany
| | - Peter Zill
- a Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy , Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich , Munich , Germany
| | - Michael Obermeier
- a Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy , Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich , Munich , Germany
| | - Anja Cerovecki
- a Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy , Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich , Munich , Germany
| | - Sandra Dehning
- a Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy , Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich , Munich , Germany
| | - Rebecca Schennach
- a Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy , Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich , Munich , Germany
| | - Maria Epple
- a Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy , Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich , Munich , Germany
| | - Markus Opgen-Rhein
- a Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy , Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich , Munich , Germany
| | - Norbert Müller
- a Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy , Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich , Munich , Germany
| | - Brigitta Bondy
- a Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy , Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich , Munich , Germany
| | - Hans-Jürgen Möller
- a Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy , Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich , Munich , Germany
| | - Richard Musil
- a Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy , Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich , Munich , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
428
|
Corsi-Zuelli FMDG, Brognara F, Quirino GFDS, Hiroki CH, Fais RS, Del-Ben CM, Ulloa L, Salgado HC, Kanashiro A, Loureiro CM. Neuroimmune Interactions in Schizophrenia: Focus on Vagus Nerve Stimulation and Activation of the Alpha-7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor. Front Immunol 2017; 8:618. [PMID: 28620379 PMCID: PMC5449450 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is one of the most debilitating mental disorders and is aggravated by the lack of efficacious treatment. Although its etiology is unclear, epidemiological studies indicate that infection and inflammation during development induces behavioral, morphological, neurochemical, and cognitive impairments, increasing the risk of developing schizophrenia. The inflammatory hypothesis of schizophrenia is also supported by clinical studies demonstrating systemic inflammation and microglia activation in schizophrenic patients. Although elucidating the mechanism that induces this inflammatory profile remains a challenge, mounting evidence suggests that neuroimmune interactions may provide therapeutic advantages to control inflammation and hence schizophrenia. Recent studies have indicated that vagus nerve stimulation controls both peripheral and central inflammation via alpha-7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR). Other findings have indicated that vagal stimulation and α7nAChR-agonists can provide therapeutic advantages for neuropsychiatric disorders, such as depression and epilepsy. This review analyzes the latest results regarding: (I) the immune-to-brain pathogenesis of schizophrenia; (II) the regulation of inflammation by the autonomic nervous system in psychiatric disorders; and (III) the role of the vagus nerve and α7nAChR in schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Fernanda Brognara
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Carlos Hiroji Hiroki
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael Sobrano Fais
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristina Marta Del-Ben
- Department of Neuroscience and Behavior, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luis Ulloa
- Department of Surgery, Center of Immunology and Inflammation, Rutgers University-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Helio Cesar Salgado
- Department of Physiology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Kanashiro
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Camila Marcelino Loureiro
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
429
|
Serum kynurenic acid is reduced in affective psychosis. Transl Psychiatry 2017; 7:e1115. [PMID: 28463241 PMCID: PMC5534956 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2017.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 02/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A subgroup of individuals with mood and psychotic disorders shows evidence of inflammation that leads to activation of the kynurenine pathway and the increased production of neuroactive kynurenine metabolites. Depression is hypothesized to be causally associated with an imbalance in the kynurenine pathway, with an increased metabolism down the 3-hydroxykynurenine (3HK) branch of the pathway leading to increased levels of the neurotoxic metabolite, quinolinic acid (QA), which is a putative N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor agonist. In contrast, schizophrenia and psychosis are hypothesized to arise from increased metabolism of the NMDA receptor antagonist, kynurenic acid (KynA), leading to hypofunction of GABAergic interneurons, the disinhibition of pyramidal neurons and striatal hyperdopaminergia. Here we present results that challenge the model of excess KynA production in affective psychosis. After rigorous control of potential confounders and multiple testing we find significant reductions in serum KynA and/or KynA/QA in acutely ill inpatients with major depressive disorder (N=35), bipolar disorder (N=53) and schizoaffective disorder (N=40) versus healthy controls (N=92). No significant difference was found between acutely ill inpatients with schizophrenia (n=21) and healthy controls. Further, a post hoc comparison of patients divided into the categories of non-psychotic affective disorder, affective psychosis and psychotic disorder (non-affective) showed that the greatest decrease in KynA was in the affective psychosis group relative to the other diagnostic groups. Our results are consistent with reports of elevations in proinflammatory cytokines in psychosis, and preclinical work showing that inflammation upregulates the enzyme, kynurenine mono-oxygenase (KMO), which converts kynurenine into 3-hydroxykynurenine and quinolinic acid.
Collapse
|
430
|
Lipids in psychiatric disorders and preventive medicine. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 76:336-362. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
|
431
|
Neuroadaptations to antipsychotic drugs: Insights from pre-clinical and human post-mortem studies. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 76:317-335. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
432
|
Wang H, Farhan M, Xu J, Lazarovici P, Zheng W. The involvement of DARPP-32 in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Oncotarget 2017; 8:53791-53803. [PMID: 28881851 PMCID: PMC5581150 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is one of the most devastating heterogeneous psychiatric disorders. The dopamine hypothesis is the longest standing pathoetiologic theory of schizophrenia based on neurochemical evidences of elevated brain striatal dopamine synthesis capacity and increased dopamine release in response to stress. Dopamine and cyclic AMP-regulated phosphoprotein of relative molecular mass 32,000 (DARPP-32) is a cytosolic protein highly enriched in the medium spiny neurons of the neostriatum, considered as the most important integrator between the cortical input and the basal ganglia, and associated with motor control. Accumulating evidences has indicated the involvement of DARPP-32 in the development of schizophrenia; i. DARPP-32 phosphorylation is regulated by several neurotransmitters, including dopamine and glutamate, neurotransmitters implicated in schizophrenia pathogenesis; ii. decrease of both total and phosphorylated DARPP-32 in the prefrontal cortex are observed in schizophrenic animal models; iii. postmortem brain studies indicated decreased expression of DARPP-32 protein in the superior temporal gyrus and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in patients with schizophrenia; iv. DARPP-32 phosphorylation is increased upon therapy with antipsychotic drugs, such as haloperidol and risperidone which improve behavioral performance in experimental animal models and patients; v. Genetic analysis of the gene coding for DARPP-32 propose an association with schizophrenia. Cumulatively, these findings implicate DARPP-32 protein in schizophrenia and propose it as a potential therapeutic target. Here, we summarize the possible roles of DARPP-32 during the development of schizophrenia and make some recommendations for future research. We propose that DARPP-32 and its interacting proteins may serve as potential therapeutic targets in the treatment of schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Wang
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mohd Farhan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| | - Jiangping Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Philip Lazarovici
- School of Pharmacy Institute for Drug Research, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Wenhua Zheng
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China
| |
Collapse
|
433
|
Mahmood D, Akhtar M, Jahan K, Goswami D. Histamine H3 receptor antagonists display antischizophrenic activities in rats treated with MK-801. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2017; 27:463-71. [PMID: 27089413 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2015-0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Animal models based on N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor blockade have been extensively used for schizophrenia. Ketamine and MK-801 produce behaviors related to schizophrenia and exacerbated symptoms in patients with schizophrenia, which led to the use of PCP (phencyclidine)- and MK-801 (dizocilpine)-treated animals as models for schizophrenia. METHODS The study investigated the effect of subchronic dosing (once daily, 7 days) of histamine H3 receptor (H3R) antagonists, ciproxifan (CPX) (3 mg/kg, i.p.), and clobenpropit (CBP) (15 mg/kg, i.p.) on MK-801 (0.2 mg/kg, i.p.)-induced locomotor activity and also measured dopamine and histamine levels in rat's brain homogenates. The study also included clozapine (CLZ) (3.0 mg/kg, i.p.) and chlorpromazine (CPZ) (3.0 mg/kg, i.p.), the atypical and typical antipsychotic, respectively. RESULTS Atypical and typical antipsychotic was used to serve as clinically relevant reference agents to compare the effects of the H3R antagonists. MK-801 significantly increased horizontal locomotor activity, which was reduced with CPX and CBP. MK-801-induced locomotor hyperactivity attenuated by CPX and CBP was comparable to CLZ and CPZ. MK-801 raised striatal dopamine level, which was reduced in rats pretreated with CPX and CBP. CPZ also significantly lowered striatal dopamine levels, although the decrease was less robust compared to CLZ, CPX, and CBP. MK-801 increased histamine content although to a lesser degree. Subchronic treatment with CPX and CBP exhibited further increased histamine levels in the hypothalamus compared to MK-801 treatment alone. Histamine H3 receptor agonist, R-α methylhistamine (10 mg/kg, i.p.), counteracted the effect of CPX and CBP. CONCLUSIONS The present study shows the positive effects of CPX and CBP on MK-801-induced schizophrenia-like behaviors in rodents.
Collapse
|
434
|
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a devastating mental illness that has profound effects on a person's health and quality of life. Exercise represents a promising new treatment option that may supplement current psychosocial and pharmacological interventions for psychosis. A large body of work suggests that exercise can improve cardio-metabolic and health behavior and facilitate neurogenesis in areas of the brain that are notably impacted by psychosis. Recent efforts to incorporate exercise as either stand-alone or adjunctive treatment for individuals with schizophrenia range from yoga and light stretching to moderately intense walking, bike riding, or team sports. These interventions suggest that moderately intense exercise may be beneficial for improving both positive and negative symptomatology, cognition and functioning. Indeed, exercise may be beneficial for decreasing risk factors for a wide range of health problems often observed in patients with schizophrenia, including weight gain and metabolic syndrome as well as tobacco and substance use. Given the positive results from interventions in schizophrenia patients, there is an impetus for incorporating exercise in the early stages of the disorder. Notably, individuals at ultrahigh risk (UHR) for psychosis report more sedentary behavior and perceive less benefit from exercise; interventions prior to the onset of the disorder may be helpful for increasing health behaviors, perhaps delaying or preventing the onset of psychosis. Taken together, for individuals with psychosis, exercise may provide holistic benefits for the neural to the social impairments.
Collapse
|
435
|
van den Buuse M, Biel D, Radscheit K. Does genetic BDNF deficiency in rats interact with neurotransmitter control of prepulse inhibition? Implications for schizophrenia. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2017; 75:192-198. [PMID: 28192174 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have suggested a role of BDNF in the development of schizophrenia. For example, post-mortem studies have shown significantly reduced levels of BDNF protein expression in the brain of schizophrenia patients. We investigated the relationship between reduced levels of BDNF in the brain and the regulation of prepulse inhibition (PPI), a behavioral endophenotype of schizophrenia. We used BDNF heterozygous mutant rats which display a 50% decrease of mature BDNF protein levels. Previously, we observed normal baseline PPI and responses to the dopamine D1/D2 receptor agonist, apomorphine, in these rats. Here, we focused on the effects of the NMDA receptor antagonist, MK-801, its interaction with mGluR2/3 and mGluR5 receptors, and the PPI response to serotonergic drugs. MK-801 administration caused a dose-dependent reduction of PPI and increase of startle amplitudes. Baseline PPI and the effect of 0.02-0.1mg/kg of MK-801 were not significantly altered in male or female BDNF heterozygous rats, although the MK-801-induced increase in startle levels was reduced. Co-treatment with the mGluR2/3 agonist, LY379,268, or the mGluR5 antagonist, MPEP, did not alter the effect of MK-801 on PPI in controls or BDNF mutant rats. Treatment with the serotonin-1A receptor agonist, 8-OH-DPAT, the serotonin-2A receptor agonist, DOI, or the serotonin releaser, fenfluramine, induced differential effects on PPI and startle but these effects were not different between the genotypes. These results show that a significant decrease of BDNF protein expression does not lead to reduced PPI at baseline or changes in the regulation of PPI via NMDA receptors or serotonergic mechanisms. These findings in a genetic rat model of BDNF deficiency do not support a role for similar reductions of BDNF levels in schizophrenia in the disruption of PPI, widely reported as an endophenotype of the illness. The potential implications of these results for our understanding of changes in PPI and BDNF expression in schizophrenia are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maarten van den Buuse
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; The College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Davina Biel
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Institute of Psychology, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Kathrin Radscheit
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
436
|
Rapado-Castro M, Dodd S, Bush AI, Malhi GS, Skvarc DR, On ZX, Berk M, Dean OM. Cognitive effects of adjunctive N-acetyl cysteine in psychosis. Psychol Med 2017; 47:866-876. [PMID: 27894373 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291716002932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive deficits are predictors of functional outcome in patients with psychosis. While conventional antipsychotics are relatively effective on positive symptoms, their impact on negative and cognitive symptoms is limited. Recent studies have established a link between oxidative stress and neurocognitive deficits in psychosis. N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a glutathione precursor with glutamatergic properties, has shown efficacy on negative symptoms and functioning in patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, respectively. However, there are few evidence-based approaches for managing cognitive impairment in psychosis. The present study aims to examine the cognitive effects of adjunctive NAC treatment in a pooled subgroup of participants with psychosis who completed neuropsychological assessment in two trials of both schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. METHOD A sample of 58 participants were randomized in a double fashion to receive 2 g/day of NAC (n = 27) or placebo (n = 31) for 24 weeks. Attention, working memory and executive function domains were assessed. Differences between cognitive performance at baseline and end point were examined using Wilcoxon's test. The Mann-Whitney test was used to examine the differences between the NAC and placebo groups at the end point. RESULTS Participants treated with NAC had significantly higher working memory performance at week 24 compared with placebo (U = 98.5, p = 0.027). CONCLUSIONS NAC may have an impact on cognitive performance in psychosis, as a significant improvement in working memory was observed in the NAC-treated group compared with placebo; however, these preliminary data require replication. Glutamatergic compounds such as NAC may constitute a step towards the development of useful therapies for cognitive impairment in psychosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Rapado-Castro
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department,Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón,School of Medicine,Universidad Complutense,IiSGM,CIBERSAM,Madrid,Spain
| | - S Dodd
- Deakin University, IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine,Barwon Health,PO Box 291,Geelong,Victoria,Australia
| | - A I Bush
- Department of Psychiatry,University of Melbourne,Level 1 North,Main Block,Royal Melbourne Hospital,Parkville,Victoria,Australia
| | - G S Malhi
- Academic Department of Psychiatry,Kolling Institute,Northern Sydney Local Health District,St Leonards,NSW,Australia
| | - D R Skvarc
- Deakin University, IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine,Barwon Health,PO Box 291,Geelong,Victoria,Australia
| | - Z X On
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences,University of Melbourne,Level 12,Redmond Barry Building 115,Parkville,Victoria,Australia
| | - M Berk
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health,Victoria,Australia
| | - O M Dean
- Deakin University, IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine,Barwon Health,PO Box 291,Geelong,Victoria,Australia
| |
Collapse
|
437
|
Abstract
The approval of psychotropic drugs with novel mechanisms of action has been rare in recent years. To address this issue, further analysis of the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disorders is essential for identifying new pharmacological targets for psychotropic medications. In this report, we detail drug candidates being examined as treatments for psychiatric disorders. Particular emphasis is placed on agents with novel mechanisms of action that are being tested as therapies for depression, schizophrenia, or Alzheimer’s disease. All of the compounds considered were recently approved for human use or are in advanced clinical trials. Drugs included here are new antipsychotic medications endowed with a preferential affinity at dopamine D3 receptor (cariprazine) or at glutamatergic or cannabinoid receptors, as well as vortioxetine, a drug approved for managing the cognitive deficits associated with major depression. New mechanistic approaches for the treatment of depression include intravenous ketamine or esketamine or intranasal esketamine. As for Alzheimer’s disease, the possible value of passive immunotherapy with agents such as aducanumab is considered to be a potential disease-modifying approach that could slow or halt the progressive decline associated with this devastating disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Caraci
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.,IRCCS Associazione Oasi Maria S.S., Institute for Research on Mental Retardation and Brain Aging, Troina (EN), Italy
| | - Gian Marco Leggio
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Salvatore Salomone
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Filippo Drago
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
438
|
Matsuzaka CT, Christofolini D, Ota VK, Gadelha A, Berberian AA, Noto C, Mazzotti DR, Spindola LM, Moretti PN, Smith MAC, Melaragno MI, Belangero SI, Bressan RA. Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) polymorphisms modulate working memory in individuals with schizophrenia and healthy controls. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 39:302-308. [PMID: 28273278 PMCID: PMC7111404 DOI: 10.1590/1516-4446-2016-1987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Cognitive impairment is a core feature of schizophrenia, related to dopaminergic dysfunction in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). It is hypothesized that functional single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs4680 of the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene could mediate the relationship between cognition and dopamine activity in the PFC. Other COMT SNPs could also play a role. Methods: We evaluated the role of three COMT SNPs (rs737865, rs165599, and rs4680) in schizophrenia and their impact on three working memory tasks. For genetic association analyses, 212 individuals with schizophrenia and 257 healthy controls (HCs) were selected. The Visual Working Memory (VWM) Task, Keep Track Task, and Letter Memory Task were administered to 133 schizophrenics and 93 HCs. Results: We found a significant association of rs737865, with the GG genotype exerting a protective effect and the GA haplotype (rs4680/rs165599) exerting a risk effect for schizophrenia. COMT rs4680 AA carriers and rs737865 AA carriers scored lowest on the Keep Track Task. When the genotype*group interaction effect was evaluated, rs165599 exerted opposite effects for VWM and Keep Track task performance in patients and controls, with AA carriers scoring lowest on both tests among controls, but highest among patients. Conclusion: These data support the hypothesis that COMT polymorphisms may be associated with schizophrenia and modulate cognition in patients and controls.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camila T Matsuzaka
- Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Denise Christofolini
- Departamento de Saúde Coletiva, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC (FMABC), Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | - Vanessa K Ota
- Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Neurociências Clínicas (LiNC), UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Disciplina de Genética, Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ary Gadelha
- Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Neurociências Clínicas (LiNC), UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Arthur A Berberian
- Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Neurociências Clínicas (LiNC), UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Departamento de Psicologia Educacional, Centro Universitário Fundação Instituto de Ensino para Osasco (UNIFIEO), Osasco, SP, Brazil
| | - Cristiano Noto
- Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Neurociências Clínicas (LiNC), UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Leticia M Spindola
- Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Neurociências Clínicas (LiNC), UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Disciplina de Genética, Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Patricia N Moretti
- Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Neurociências Clínicas (LiNC), UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Disciplina de Genética, Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marilia A C Smith
- Disciplina de Genética, Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria I Melaragno
- Disciplina de Genética, Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Sintia I Belangero
- Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Neurociências Clínicas (LiNC), UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Disciplina de Genética, Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo A Bressan
- Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Neurociências Clínicas (LiNC), UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
439
|
Siekmeier PJ. An in Silico, Biomarker-Based Method for the Evaluation of Virtual Neuropsychiatric Drug Effects. Neural Comput 2017; 29:1021-1052. [PMID: 28181877 DOI: 10.1162/neco_a_00944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The recent explosion in neuroscience research has markedly increased our understanding of the neurobiological correlates of many psychiatric illnesses, but this has unfortunately not translated into more effective pharmacologic treatments for these conditions. At the same time, researchers have increasingly sought out biological markers, or biomarkers, as a way to categorize psychiatric illness, as these are felt to be closer to underlying genetic and neurobiological vulnerabilities. While biomarker-based drug discovery approaches have tended to employ in vivo (e.g., rodent) or in vitro test systems, relatively little attention has been paid to the potential of computational, or in silico, methodologies. Here we describe such a methodology, using as an example a biophysically detailed computational model of hippocampus that is made to generate putative schizophrenia biomarkers by the inclusion of a number of neuropathological changes that have been associated with the illness (NMDA system deficit, decreased neural connectivity, hyperdopaminergia). We use the specific inability to attune to gamma band (40 Hz) auditory stimulus as our illness biomarker. We expose this system to a large number of virtual medications, defined by systematic variation of model parameters corresponding to five cellular-level effects. The potential efficacy of virtual medications is determined by a wellness metric (WM) that we have developed. We identify a number of virtual agents that consist of combinations of mechanisms, which are not simply reversals of the causative lesions. The manner in which this methodology could be extended to other neuropsychiatric conditions, such as Alzheimer's disease, autism, and fragile X syndrome, is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Siekmeier
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, and Laboratory for Computational Neuroscience, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA 02478, U.S.A.
| |
Collapse
|
440
|
Howes OD, McCutcheon R. Inflammation and the neural diathesis-stress hypothesis of schizophrenia: a reconceptualization. Transl Psychiatry 2017; 7:e1024. [PMID: 28170004 PMCID: PMC5438023 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2016.278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
An interaction between external stressors and intrinsic vulnerability is one of the longest standing pathoaetiological explanations for schizophrenia. However, novel lines of evidence from genetics, preclinical studies, epidemiology and imaging have shed new light on the mechanisms that may underlie this, implicating microglia as a key potential mediator. Microglia are the primary immune cells of the central nervous system. They have a central role in the inflammatory response, and are also involved in synaptic pruning and neuronal remodeling. In addition to immune and traumatic stimuli, microglial activation occurs in response to psychosocial stress. Activation of microglia perinatally may make them vulnerable to subsequent overactivation by stressors experienced in later life. Recent advances in genetics have shown that variations in the complement system are associated with schizophrenia, and this system has been shown to regulate microglial synaptic pruning. This suggests a mechanism via which genetic and environmental influences may act synergistically and lead to pathological microglial activation. Microglial overactivation may lead to excessive synaptic pruning and loss of cortical gray matter. Microglial mediated damage to stress-sensitive regions such as the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus may lead directly to cognitive and negative symptoms, and account for a number of the structural brain changes associated with the disorder. Loss of cortical control may also lead to disinhibition of subcortical dopamine-thereby leading to positive psychotic symptoms. We review the preclinical and in vivo evidence for this model and consider the implications this has for treatment, and future directions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O D Howes
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK,MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK,Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK,PET Imaging Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK. E-mail:
| | - R McCutcheon
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK,MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK,Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
441
|
Dopamine, fronto-striato-thalamic circuits and risk for psychosis. Schizophr Res 2017; 180:48-57. [PMID: 27595552 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2016.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of parallel, integrated circuits link distinct regions of prefrontal cortex with specific nuclei of the striatum and thalamus. Dysfunction of these fronto-striato-thalamic systems is thought to play a major role in the pathogenesis of psychosis. In this review, we examine evidence from human and animal investigations that dysfunction of a specific dorsal fronto-striato-thalamic circuit, linking the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, dorsal (associative) striatum, and mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus, is apparent across different stages of psychosis, including prior to the onset of a first episode, suggesting that it represents a candidate risk biomarker. We consider how abnormalities at distinct points in the circuit may give rise to the pattern of findings seen in patient populations, and how these changes relate to disruptions in dopamine, glutamate and GABA signaling.
Collapse
|
442
|
Anticevic A. Understanding the role of thalamic circuits in schizophrenia neuropathology. Schizophr Res 2017; 180:1-3. [PMID: 27939828 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2016.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alan Anticevic
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, United States; Department of Psychology, Yale University, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
443
|
Pruessner M, Cullen AE, Aas M, Walker EF. The neural diathesis-stress model of schizophrenia revisited: An update on recent findings considering illness stage and neurobiological and methodological complexities. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 73:191-218. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
|
444
|
Experimental evidence for circular inference in schizophrenia. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14218. [PMID: 28139642 PMCID: PMC5290312 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a complex mental disorder that may result in some combination of hallucinations, delusions and disorganized thinking. Here SCZ patients and healthy controls (CTLs) report their level of confidence on a forced-choice task that manipulated the strength of sensory evidence and prior information. Neither group's responses can be explained by simple Bayesian inference. Rather, individual responses are best captured by a model with different degrees of circular inference. Circular inference refers to a corruption of sensory data by prior information and vice versa, leading us to ‘see what we expect' (through descending loops), to ‘expect what we see' (through ascending loops) or both. Ascending loops are stronger for SCZ than CTLs and correlate with the severity of positive symptoms. Descending loops correlate with the severity of negative symptoms. Both loops correlate with disorganized symptoms. The findings suggest that circular inference might mediate the clinical manifestations of SCZ. Schizophrenia is a mental disorder characterized by hallucinations and delusions. Here the authors report a novel probabilistic inference task in which compared to healthy subjects, schizophrenia patients show greater degree of circular inference that matches the severity of their clinical symptoms.
Collapse
|
445
|
Dahoun T, Trossbach SV, Brandon NJ, Korth C, Howes OD. The impact of Disrupted-in-Schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) on the dopaminergic system: a systematic review. Transl Psychiatry 2017; 7:e1015. [PMID: 28140405 PMCID: PMC5299392 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2016.282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Disrupted-in-Schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) is a gene known as a risk factor for mental illnesses possibly associated with dopamine impairments. DISC1 is a scaffold protein interacting with proteins involved in the dopamine system. Here we summarise the impact of DISC1 disruption on the dopamine system in animal models, considering its effects on presynaptic dopaminergic function (tyrosine hydroxylase levels, dopamine transporter levels, dopamine levels at baseline and after amphetamine administration) and postsynaptic dopaminergic function (dopamine D1 and D2 receptor levels, dopamine receptor-binding potential and locomotor activity after amphetamine administration). Our findings show that many but not all DISC1 models display (1) increased locomotion after amphetamine administration, (2) increased dopamine levels after amphetamine administration in the nucleus accumbens, and (3) inconsistent basal dopamine levels, dopamine receptor levels and binding potentials. There is also limited evidence for decreased tyrosine hydroxylase levels in the frontal cortex and increased dopamine transporter levels in the striatum but not nucleus accumbens, but these conclusions warrant further replication. The main dopaminergic findings are seen across different DISC1 models, providing convergent evidence that DISC1 has a role in regulating dopaminergic function. These results implicate dopaminergic dysregulation as a mechanism underlying the increased rate of schizophrenia seen in DISC1 variant carriers, and provide insights into how DISC1, and potentially DISC1-interacting proteins such as AKT and GSK-3, could be used as novel therapeutic targets for schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Dahoun
- Psychiatric Imaging Group MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
- Department of the Institute of Clinical Sciences, Psychiatric Imaging Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences (LMS), Imperial College-Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
| | - S V Trossbach
- Department of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - N J Brandon
- AstraZeneca Neuroscience, Innovative Medicines and Early Development Biotech Unit, R&D Boston, Waltham, MA, USA
| | - C Korth
- Department of Neuropathology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - O D Howes
- Psychiatric Imaging Group MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
- Department of the Institute of Clinical Sciences, Psychiatric Imaging Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences (LMS), Imperial College-Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Neurology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
446
|
Rote JC, Malkowski SN, Cochrane CS, Bailey GE, Brown NS, Cafiero M, Peterson LW. Catechol reactivity: Synthesis of dopamine derivatives substituted at the 6-position. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2016.1269350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Noah S. Brown
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes College, Memphis, TN, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
447
|
da Silveira VT, Medeiros DDC, Ropke J, Guidine PA, Rezende GH, Moraes MFD, Mendes EMAM, Macedo D, Moreira FA, de Oliveira ACP. Effects of early or late prenatal immune activation in mice on behavioral and neuroanatomical abnormalities relevant to schizophrenia in the adulthood. Int J Dev Neurosci 2017; 58:1-8. [PMID: 28122258 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2017.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal immune activation (MIA) during pregnancy in rodents increases the risk of the offspring to develop schizophrenia-related behaviors, suggesting a relationship between the immune system and the brain development. Here we tested the hypothesis that MIA induced by the viral mimetic polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly I:C) in early or late gestation of mice leads to behavioral and neuroanatomical disorders in the adulthood. On gestational days (GDs) 9 or 17 pregnant dams were treated with poly I:C or saline via intravenous route and the offspring behaviors were measured during adulthood. Considering the progressive structural neuroanatomical alterations in the brain of individuals with schizophrenia, we used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to perform brain morphometric analysis of the offspring aged one year. MIA on GD9 or GD17 led to increased basal locomotor activity, enhanced motor responses to ketamine, a psychotomimetic drug, and reduced time spent in the center of the arena, suggesting an increased anxiety-like behavior. In addition, MIA on GD17 reduced glucose preference in the offspring. None of the treatments altered the relative volume of the lateral ventricles. However, a decrease in brain volume, especially for posterior structures, was observed for one-year-old animals treated with poly I:C compared with control groups. Thus, activation of the maternal immune system at different GDs lead to neuroanatomical and behavioral alterations possibly related to the positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia. These results provide insights on neuroimmunonological and neurodevelopmental aspects of certain psychopathologies, such as schizophrenia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vivian T da Silveira
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Daniel de Castro Medeiros
- Center for Technology and Research in Magneto-Resonance (CTPMAG), Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering - Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Jivago Ropke
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Patricia A Guidine
- Center for Technology and Research in Magneto-Resonance (CTPMAG), Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering - Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Gustavo H Rezende
- Center for Technology and Research in Magneto-Resonance (CTPMAG), Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering - Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Marcio Flavio D Moraes
- Center for Technology and Research in Magneto-Resonance (CTPMAG), Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering - Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Mazoni A M Mendes
- Center for Technology and Research in Magneto-Resonance (CTPMAG), Graduate Program in Electrical Engineering - Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Danielle Macedo
- Drug Research and Development Center, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical School, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Brazil
| | - Fabricio A Moreira
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
448
|
Gogos A, Kusljic S, Thwaites SJ, van den Buuse M. Sex differences in psychotomimetic-induced behaviours in rats. Behav Brain Res 2017; 322:157-166. [PMID: 28111261 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Animal model studies using equal numbers of males and females are sparse in psychiatry research. Given the marked sex differences observed in psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia, using both males and females in research studies is an important requirement. Thus the aim of this study was to examine sex differences in psychotomimetic-induced behavioural deficits relevant to psychosis. We therefore compared the acute effect of amphetamine or phencyclidine on locomotor activity and prepulse inhibition in adult male and female Sprague-Dawley rats. The results of this study were that: (1) amphetamine-induced distance travelled was greater in female rats than in male rats, (2) phencyclidine-induced locomotor hyperactivity was similar in male and female rats; (3) there were no sex differences in amphetamine- or phencyclidine-induced disruption of prepulse inhibition; (4) male rats had an increased startle response after amphetamine. These findings suggest that sensitivity to amphetamine, but not phencyclidine, differs between male and female rats, and that this sex difference is selective to locomotor hyperactivity and startle, but not prepulse inhibition. This study used two widely-used, validated preclinical assays relevant to psychosis; the results of this study have implications for psychiatry research, particularly for disorders where marked sex differences in onset and symptomology are observed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Gogos
- Hormones in Psychiatry Laboratory, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia; Behavioural Neuroscience Laboratory, Mental Health Research Institute, Parkville, Australia.
| | - Snezana Kusljic
- Hormones in Psychiatry Laboratory, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia; Behavioural Neuroscience Laboratory, Mental Health Research Institute, Parkville, Australia; Department of Nursing, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Shane J Thwaites
- Behavioural Neuroscience Laboratory, Mental Health Research Institute, Parkville, Australia
| | - Maarten van den Buuse
- Behavioural Neuroscience Laboratory, Mental Health Research Institute, Parkville, Australia; School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
449
|
Wang Y, Hamid S, Zhang X, Akhtar N, Zhang X, He T. An electrochemiluminescent biosensor for dopamine detection using a poly(luminol–benzidine sulfate) electrode modified by tyramine oxidase. NEW J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6nj03338e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
A copolymerized film with luminol and benzidine sulfate is effective for dopamine detection with a limit of 5 × 10−10 M.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanjie Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology
- Beijing 100190
- China
| | - Saher Hamid
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology
- Beijing 100190
- China
| | - Xin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology
- Beijing 100190
- China
| | - Naeem Akhtar
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology
- Beijing 100190
- China
| | - Xuehua Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology
- Beijing 100190
- China
| | - Tao He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology
- Beijing 100190
- China
| |
Collapse
|
450
|
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a highly heritable psychiatric condition that displays a complex phenotype. A multitude of genetic susceptibility loci have now been identified, but these fail to explain the high heritability estimates of schizophrenia. In addition, epidemiologically relevant environmental risk factors for schizophrenia may lead to permanent changes in brain function. In conjunction with genetic liability, these environmental risk factors-likely through epigenetic mechanisms-may give rise to schizophrenia, a clinical syndrome characterized by florid psychotic symptoms and moderate to severe cognitive impairment. These pathophysiological features point to the involvement of epigenetic processes. Recently, a wave of studies examining aberrant DNA modifications in schizophrenia was published. This chapter aims to comprehensively review the current findings, from both candidate gene studies and genome-wide approaches, on DNA methylation changes in schizophrenia.
Collapse
|