401
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Berding K, Donovan SM. Diet Can Impact Microbiota Composition in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:515. [PMID: 30108477 PMCID: PMC6079226 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet is one of the most influential environmental factors in determining the composition of the gastrointestinal microbiota. Microbial dysbiosis in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and the impact of some bacterial taxa on symptoms of ASD has been recognized. Children with ASD are often described as picky eaters with low intake of fiber-rich foods, including fruits and vegetables. However, the impact of diet on the microbiota composition in children with ASD is largely unknown. Herein, fecal samples, 3 day food diaries and the Youth and Adolescence Food Frequency questionnaire (YAQ) were collected from children with ASD (ASD; n = 26) and unaffected controls (CONT; n = 32). Children's ASD symptoms were determined using the Pervasive Developmental Disorder Behavior Inventory Screening Version (PDDBI-SV). Differences in the microbiota composition at the phyla, order, family, and genus level between ASD and CONT were observed. Microbiota composition of children with ASD was investigated in relation to feeding behavior, nutrient and food group intake as well as dietary patterns derived from the YAQ. In children with ASD, two distinct dietary patterns (DP) were associated with unique microbial profiles. DP1, characterized by higher intakes of vegetables, legumes, nuts and seeds, fruit, refined carbohydrates, and starchy vegetables, but lower intakes of sweets, was associated with lower abundance of Enterobacteriaceae, Lactococcus, Roseburia, Leuconostoc, and Ruminococcus. DP2, characterized by low intakes of vegetables, legumes, nuts and seeds and starchy vegetables, was associated with higher Barnesiellaceae and Alistipes and lower Streptophyta, as well as higher levels of propionate, isobutyrate, valerate, and isovalerate. Peptostreptococcaceae and Faecalibacterium predicted social deficit scores in children with ASD as measured by the PDDBI-SV. Diet-associated microbial profiles were related to GI symptoms, but no significant interaction between nutrition and microbiota in predicting social deficit scores were observed. In conclusion, dietary patterns associated with fecal microbiota composition and VFA concentrations in children with ASD were identified. Future studies using a larger sample size and measuring other behaviors associated with ASD are needed to investigate whether dietary intake may be a modifiable moderator of ASD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Berding
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Sharon M Donovan
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States.,Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States.,Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States
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402
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Hiippala K, Jouhten H, Ronkainen A, Hartikainen A, Kainulainen V, Jalanka J, Satokari R. The Potential of Gut Commensals in Reinforcing Intestinal Barrier Function and Alleviating Inflammation. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10080988. [PMID: 30060606 PMCID: PMC6116138 DOI: 10.3390/nu10080988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 351] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal microbiota, composed of pro- and anti-inflammatory microbes, has an essential role in maintaining gut homeostasis and functionality. An overly hygienic lifestyle, consumption of processed and fiber-poor foods, or antibiotics are major factors modulating the microbiota and possibly leading to longstanding dysbiosis. Dysbiotic microbiota is characterized to have altered composition, reduced diversity and stability, as well as increased levels of lipopolysaccharide-containing, proinflammatory bacteria. Specific commensal species as novel probiotics, so-called next-generation probiotics, could restore the intestinal health by means of attenuating inflammation and strengthening the epithelial barrier. In this review we summarize the latest findings considering the beneficial effects of the promising commensals across all major intestinal phyla. These include the already well-known bifidobacteria, which use extracellular structures or secreted substances to promote intestinal health. Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Roseburia intestinalis, and Eubacterium hallii metabolize dietary fibers as major short-chain fatty acid producers providing energy sources for enterocytes and achieving anti-inflammatory effects in the gut. Akkermansia muciniphila exerts beneficial action in metabolic diseases and fortifies the barrier function. The health-promoting effects of Bacteroides species are relatively recently discovered with the findings of excreted immunomodulatory molecules. These promising, unconventional probiotics could be a part of biotherapeutic strategies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaisa Hiippala
- Immunobiology Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Hanne Jouhten
- Immunobiology Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Aki Ronkainen
- Immunobiology Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Anna Hartikainen
- Immunobiology Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Veera Kainulainen
- Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Jonna Jalanka
- Immunobiology Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Reetta Satokari
- Immunobiology Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00290 Helsinki, Finland.
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403
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Zhang B, Sun W, Yu N, Sun J, Yu X, Li X, Xing Y, Yan D, Ding Q, Xiu Z, Ma B, Yu L, Dong Y. Anti-diabetic effect of baicalein is associated with the modulation of gut microbiota in streptozotocin and high-fat-diet induced diabetic rats. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.04.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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404
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Valenzuela MJ, Caruffo M, Herrera Y, Medina DA, Coronado M, Feijóo CG, Muñoz S, Garrido D, Troncoso M, Figueroa G, Toro M, Reyes-Jara A, Magne F, Navarrete P. Evaluating the Capacity of Human Gut Microorganisms to Colonize the Zebrafish Larvae ( Danio rerio). Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1032. [PMID: 29896165 PMCID: PMC5987363 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study we evaluated if zebrafish larvae can be colonized by human gut microorganisms. We tested two strategies: (1) through transplantation of a human fecal microbiota and (2) by successively transplanting aerotolerant anaerobic microorganisms, similar to the colonization in the human intestine during early life. We used conventionally raised zebrafish larvae harboring their own aerobic microbiota to improve the colonization of anaerobic microorganisms. The results showed with the fecal transplant, that some members of the human gut microbiota were transferred to larvae. Bacillus, Roseburia, Prevotella, Oscillospira, one unclassified genus of the family Ruminococcaceae and Enterobacteriaceae were detected in 3 days post fertilization (dpf) larvae; however only Bacillus persisted to 7 dpf. Successive inoculation of Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium and Clostridioides did not improve their colonization, compared to individual inoculation of each bacterial species. Interestingly, the sporulating bacteria Bacillus clausii and Clostridioides difficile were the most persistent microorganisms. Their endospores persisted at least 5 days after inoculating 3 dpf larvae. However, when 5 dpf larvae were inoculated, the proportion of vegetative cells in larvae increased, revealing proliferation of the inoculated bacteria and better colonization of the host. In conclusion, these results suggest that it is feasible to colonize zebrafish larvae with some human bacteria, such as C. difficile and Bacillus and open an interesting area to study interactions between these microorganisms and the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Jose Valenzuela
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Probiotics, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mario Caruffo
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Probiotics, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Yoani Herrera
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Probiotics, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Daniel A Medina
- Department of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, School of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Maximo Coronado
- Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carmen G Feijóo
- Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Salomé Muñoz
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniel Garrido
- Department of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, School of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Miriam Troncoso
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Probiotics, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Guillermo Figueroa
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Probiotics, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Magaly Toro
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Probiotics, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Angelica Reyes-Jara
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Probiotics, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fabien Magne
- Microbiology and Mycology Program, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paola Navarrete
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Probiotics, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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405
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Bircher L, Geirnaert A, Hammes F, Lacroix C, Schwab C. Effect of cryopreservation and lyophilization on viability and growth of strict anaerobic human gut microbes. Microb Biotechnol 2018; 11:721-733. [PMID: 29663668 PMCID: PMC6011992 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Strict anaerobic gut microbes have been suggested as ‘next‐generation probiotics’ for treating several intestinal disorders. The development of preservation techniques is of major importance for therapeutic application. This study investigated cryopreservation (−80°C) and lyophilization survival and storage stability (4°C for 3 months) of the strict anaerobic gut microbes Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Roseburia intestinalis, Anaerostipes caccae, Eubacterium hallii and Blautia obeum. To improve preservation survival, protectants sucrose and inulin (both 5% w/v) were added for lyophilization and were also combined with glycerol (15% v/v) for cryopreservation. Bacterial fitness, evaluated by maximum growth rate and lag phase, viability and membrane integrity were determined using a standardized growth assay and by flow cytometry as markers for preservation resistance. Lyophilization was more detrimental to viability and fitness than cryopreservation, but led to better storage stability. Adding sucrose and inulin enhanced viability and the proportion of intact cells during lyophilization of all strains. Viability of protectant‐free B. thetaiotaomicron, A. caccae and F. prausnitzii was above 50% after cryopreservation and storage and increased to above 80% if protectants were present. The addition of glycerol, sucrose and inulin strongly enhanced the viability of B. obeum, E. hallii and R. intestinalis from 0.03–2% in protectant‐free cultures to 11–37%. This is the first study that quantitatively compared the effect of cryopreservation and lyophilization and the addition of selected protectants on viability and fitness of six strict anaerobic gut microbes. Our results suggest that efficiency of protectants is process‐ and species‐specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Bircher
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zürich, Schmelzbergstrasse 7, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Annelies Geirnaert
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zürich, Schmelzbergstrasse 7, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Christophe Lacroix
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zürich, Schmelzbergstrasse 7, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Clarissa Schwab
- Laboratory of Food Biotechnology, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zürich, Schmelzbergstrasse 7, 8092, Zürich, Switzerland
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406
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Moreno-Pérez D, Bressa C, Bailén M, Hamed-Bousdar S, Naclerio F, Carmona M, Pérez M, González-Soltero R, Montalvo-Lominchar MG, Carabaña C, Larrosa M. Effect of a Protein Supplement on the Gut Microbiota of Endurance Athletes: A Randomized, Controlled, Double-Blind Pilot Study. Nutrients 2018; 10:E337. [PMID: 29534465 PMCID: PMC5872755 DOI: 10.3390/nu10030337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutritional supplements are popular among athletes to improve performance and physical recovery. Protein supplements fulfill this function by improving performance and increasing muscle mass; however, their effect on other organs or systems is less well known. Diet alterations can induce gut microbiota imbalance, with beneficial or deleterious consequences for the host. To test this, we performed a randomized pilot study in cross-country runners whose diets were complemented with a protein supplement (whey isolate and beef hydrolysate) (n = 12) or maltodextrin (control) (n = 12) for 10 weeks. Microbiota, water content, pH, ammonia, and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were analyzed in fecal samples, whereas malondialdehyde levels (oxidative stress marker) were determined in plasma and urine. Fecal pH, water content, ammonia, and SCFA concentrations did not change, indicating that protein supplementation did not increase the presence of these fermentation-derived metabolites. Similarly, it had no impact on plasma or urine malondialdehyde levels; however, it increased the abundance of the Bacteroidetes phylum and decreased the presence of health-related taxa including Roseburia, Blautia, and Bifidobacterium longum. Thus, long-term protein supplementation may have a negative impact on gut microbiota. Further research is needed to establish the impact of protein supplements on gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Moreno-Pérez
- Departamento de Educación, Métodos de Investigación y Evaluación, Universidad Pontificia de Comillas, ICAI-ICADE, Cantoblanco, Madrid 28015, Spain.
| | - Carlo Bressa
- Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid 28670, Spain.
| | - María Bailén
- Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid 28670, Spain.
| | - Safa Hamed-Bousdar
- Escuela de Doctorado e Investigación, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid 28670, Spain.
| | - Fernando Naclerio
- Department of Life and Sports Sciences, University of Greenwich, Kent ME4 4TB, UK.
| | - Manuel Carmona
- Escuela de Doctorado e Investigación, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid 28670, Spain.
| | - Margarita Pérez
- Escuela de Doctorado e Investigación, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid 28670, Spain.
| | - Rocío González-Soltero
- Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid 28670, Spain.
| | | | - Claudia Carabaña
- Escuela de Doctorado e Investigación, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid 28670, Spain.
| | - Mar Larrosa
- Escuela de Doctorado e Investigación, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Madrid 28670, Spain.
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407
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Wang X, Zhang L, Wang Y, Liu X, Zhang H, Liu Y, Shen N, Yang J, Gai Z. Gut microbiota dysbiosis is associated with Henoch-Schönlein Purpura in children. Int Immunopharmacol 2018. [PMID: 29525681 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alterations in the intestinal microbiota have been associated with the development of allergic diseases, such as asthma and food allergies. However, there is no report detailing the role of microbiota alterations in Henoch-Schönlein Purpura (HSP) development. METHOD A total of 85 children with HSP and 70 healthy children were recruited for this study. Intestinal microbiota composition was analyzed by 16S rRNA gene-based pyrosequencing. Fecal microbial diversity and composition were compared. RESULT We compared the gut microbiota of 155 subjects and found that children with HSP exhibited gut microbial dysbiosis. Lower microbial diversity and richness were found in HSP patients when compared to the control group. Based on an analysis of similarities, the composition of the microbiota in HSP patients was also different from that of the control group (r = 0.306, P = 0.001). The relative abundance of the bacterial genera Dialister (P < 0.0001), Roseburia (P < 0.0001), and Parasutterella (P < 0.0001) was significantly decreased in HSP children, while the relative abundance of Parabacteroides (P < 0.006) and Enterococcus (P < 0.0001) in these children was significantly increased. Based on Spearman correlation analysis, the LOS showed a significant negative (P < 0.05) correlation with the genera Paraprevotella and Roseburia. Meanwhile, IgA levels exhibited a significant negative (P < 0.01) correlation with the genus Bifidobacterium. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that HSP is associated with significant compositional and structural changes in the gut microbiota. These results enhance the potential for future microbial-based therapies to improve the clinical outcome of HSP in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingcui Wang
- Pediatric Research Institute, Qilu Children's Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250022, China; Department of Nephrology, Qilu Children's Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Pediatric Research Institute, Qilu Children's Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250022, China; Shandong Children's Microbiome Center, Qilu Children's Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250022, China; Shandong Human Microbiome Initiative: College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250200, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Pediatric Research Institute, Qilu Children's Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Xuemei Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Qilu Children's Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Hongxia Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Qilu Children's Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Pediatric Research Institute, Qilu Children's Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Nan Shen
- Pediatric Research Institute, Qilu Children's Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Junjie Yang
- Shandong Children's Microbiome Center, Qilu Children's Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250022, China; Shandong Human Microbiome Initiative: College of Life Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250200, China.
| | - Zhongtao Gai
- Pediatric Research Institute, Qilu Children's Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250022, China; Shandong Children's Microbiome Center, Qilu Children's Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250022, China.
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408
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Stanisavljević S, Dinić M, Jevtić B, Đedović N, Momčilović M, Đokić J, Golić N, Mostarica Stojković M, Miljković Đ. Gut Microbiota Confers Resistance of Albino Oxford Rats to the Induction of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. Front Immunol 2018; 9:942. [PMID: 29770137 PMCID: PMC5942155 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Albino Oxford (AO) rats are extremely resistant to induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). EAE is an animal model of multiple sclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS), with established autoimmune pathogenesis. The autoimmune response against the antigens of the CNS is initiated in the peripheral lymphoid tissues after immunization of AO rats with CNS antigens. Subsequently, limited infiltration of the CNS occurs, yet without clinical sequels. It has recently become increasingly appreciated that gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT) and gut microbiota play an important role in regulation and propagation of encephalitogenic immune response. Therefore, modulation of AO gut microbiota by antibiotics was performed in this study. The treatment altered composition of gut microbiota in AO rats and led to a reduction in the proportion of regulatory T cells in Peyer's patches, mesenteric lymph nodes, and in lymph nodes draining the site of immunization. Upregulation of interferon-γ and interleukin (IL)-17 production was observed in the draining lymph nodes. The treatment led to clinically manifested EAE in AO rats with more numerous infiltrates and higher production of IL-17 observed in the CNS. Importantly, transfer of AO gut microbiota into EAE-prone Dark Agouti rats ameliorated the disease. These results clearly imply that gut microbiota is an important factor in AO rat resistance to EAE and that gut microbiota transfer is an efficacious way to treat CNS autoimmunity. These findings also support the idea that gut microbiota modulation has a potential as a future treatment of multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzana Stanisavljević
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miroslav Dinić
- Laboratory for Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Bojan Jevtić
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Neda Đedović
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miljana Momčilović
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Đokić
- Laboratory for Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nataša Golić
- Laboratory for Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Đorđe Miljković
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- *Correspondence: Đorde Miljković,
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409
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Butyrate-producing bacteria supplemented in vitro to Crohn's disease patient microbiota increased butyrate production and enhanced intestinal epithelial barrier integrity. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11450. [PMID: 28904372 PMCID: PMC5597586 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11734-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The management of the dysbiosed gut microbiota in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) is gaining more attention as a novel target to control this disease. Probiotic treatment with butyrate-producing bacteria has therapeutic potential since these bacteria are depleted in IBD patients and butyrate has beneficial effects on epithelial barrier function and overall gut health. However, studies assessing the effect of probiotic supplementation on microbe-microbe and host-microbe interactions are rare. In this study, butyrate-producing bacteria (three mono-species and one multispecies mix) were supplemented to the fecal microbial communities of ten Crohn’s disease (CD) patients in an in vitro system simulating the mucus- and lumen-associated microbiota. Effects of supplementation in short-chain fatty acid levels, bacterial colonization of mucus environment and intestinal epithelial barrier function were evaluated. Treatment with F. prausnitzii and the mix of six butyrate-producers significantly increased the butyrate production by 5–11 mol%, and colonization capacity in mucus- and lumen-associated CD microbiota. Treatments with B. pullicaecorum 25-3T and the mix of six butyrate-producers improved epithelial barrier integrity in vitro. This study provides proof-of-concept data for the therapeutic potential of butyrate-producing bacteria in CD and supports the future preclinical development of a probiotic product containing butyrate-producing species.
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410
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Brodmann T, Endo A, Gueimonde M, Vinderola G, Kneifel W, de Vos WM, Salminen S, Gómez-Gallego C. Safety of Novel Microbes for Human Consumption: Practical Examples of Assessment in the European Union. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1725. [PMID: 28955311 PMCID: PMC5601064 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel microbes are either newly isolated genera and species from natural sources or bacterial strains derived from existing bacteria. Novel microbes are gaining increasing attention for the general aims to preserve and modify foods and to modulate gut microbiota. The use of novel microbes to improve health outcomes is of particular interest because growing evidence points to the importance of gut microbiota in human health. As well, some recently isolated microorganisms have promise for use as probiotics, although in-depth assessment of their safety is necessary. Recent examples of microorganisms calling for more detailed evaluation include Bacteroides xylanisolvens, Akkermansia muciniphila, fructophilic lactic acid bacteria (FLAB), and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii. This paper discusses each candidate's safety evaluation for novel food or novel food ingredient approval according to European Union (EU) regulations. The factors evaluated include their beneficial properties, antibiotic resistance profiling, history of safe use (if available), publication of the genomic sequence, toxicological studies in agreement with novel food regulations, and the qualified presumptions of safety. Sufficient evidences have made possible to support and authorize the use of heat-inactivated B. xylanisolvens in the European Union. In the case of A. muciniphila, the discussion focuses on earlier safety studies and the strain's suitability. FLAB are also subjected to standard safety assessments, which, along with their proximity to lactic acid bacteria generally considered to be safe, may lead to novel food authorization in the future. Further research with F. prausnitzii will increase knowledge about its safety and probiotic properties and may lead to its future use as novel food. Upcoming changes in EUU Regulation 2015/2283 on novel food will facilitate the authorization of future novel products and might increase the presence of novel microbes in the food market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodor Brodmann
- Department of Food Sciences and Technology, University of Natural Resources and Life Science ViennaVienna, Austria
| | - Akihito Endo
- Department of Food and Cosmetic Science, Tokyo University of AgricultureHokkaido, Japan
| | - Miguel Gueimonde
- Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias, Spanish Higher Research CouncilVillaviciosa, Spain
| | - Gabriel Vinderola
- Instituto de Lactología Industrial (UNL-CONICET), National University of the LitoralSanta Fe, Argentina
| | - Wolfgang Kneifel
- Department of Food Sciences and Technology, University of Natural Resources and Life Science ViennaVienna, Austria
| | - Willem M. de Vos
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University and ResearchWageningen, Netherlands
- Immunobiology Research Program, Research Programs Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of HelsinkiHelsinki, Finland
| | - Seppo Salminen
- Functional Foods Forum, Faculty of Medicine, University of TurkuTurku, Finland
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411
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Sugahara H, Okai S, Odamaki T, Wong CB, Kato K, Mitsuyama E, Xiao JZ, Shinkura R. Decreased Taxon-Specific IgA Response in Relation to the Changes of Gut Microbiota Composition in the Elderly. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1757. [PMID: 28955323 PMCID: PMC5601059 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota is known to change with aging; however, the underlying mechanisms have not been well elucidated. Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is the dominant class of antibody secreted by the intestinal mucosa, and are thought to play a key role in the regulation of the gut microbiota. T cells regulate the magnitude and nature of microbiota-specific IgA responses. However, it is also known that T cells become senescent in elderly people. Therefore, we speculated that the age-related changes of IgA response against the gut microbiota might be one of the mechanisms causing the age-associated changes of gut microbiota composition. To prove our hypothesis, fecal samples from 40 healthy subjects (adult group: n = 20, an average of 35 years old; elderly group: n = 20, an average of 76 years old) were collected, and the gut microbiota composition and the response of IgA to gut microbiota were investigated. The relative abundance of Bifidobacteriaceae was significantly lower, whereas those of Clostridiaceae, Clostridiales;f__ and Enterobacteriaceae were significantly higher in the elderly group than in the adult group. There was no significant difference in the fecal IgA concentration between the adult and elderly groups. However, the taxon-specific IgA response to some bacterial taxa was different between the adult and elderly groups. To evaluate inter-group differences in the taxon-specific IgA response to each bacterial taxon, the IgA-indices were calculated, and the IgA-indices of Clostridiaceae and Enterobacteriaceae were found to be significantly lower in the elderly group than the adult group. In addition, Clostridiales;f__ and Enterobacteriaceae were significantly enriched in the IgA+ fraction in the adult group but not in the elderly group, whereas Clostridiaceae was significantly enriched in the IgA- fraction in the elderly group but not in the adult group. Some species assigned to Clostridiaceae or Enterobacteriaceae are known to be pathogenic bacteria. Our results suggest the possible contribution of decreased IgA response in the increased abundance of bacterial taxa with potential pathogenicity in the intestinal environment of the elderly. Our findings contribute to the understanding of the regulatory factor for the changes in the gut microbiota composition with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirosuke Sugahara
- Next Generation Science Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd.Zama, Japan
| | - Shinsaku Okai
- Applied Immunology, Graduate School of Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and TechnologyIkoma, Japan
| | - Toshitaka Odamaki
- Next Generation Science Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd.Zama, Japan
| | - Chyn B Wong
- Next Generation Science Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd.Zama, Japan
| | - Kumiko Kato
- Next Generation Science Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd.Zama, Japan
| | - Eri Mitsuyama
- Next Generation Science Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd.Zama, Japan
| | - Jin-Zhong Xiao
- Next Generation Science Institute, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd.Zama, Japan
| | - Reiko Shinkura
- Applied Immunology, Graduate School of Biological Science, Nara Institute of Science and TechnologyIkoma, Japan
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412
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Burrough ER, Arruda BL, Plummer PJ. Comparison of the Luminal and Mucosa-Associated Microbiota in the Colon of Pigs with and without Swine Dysentery. Front Vet Sci 2017; 4:139. [PMID: 28971100 PMCID: PMC5609587 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2017.00139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Colonic contents and mucosal scrapings from pigs inoculated with Brachyspira hyodysenteriae or Brachyspira hampsonii were collected at necropsy and classified as either positive (n = 29) or negative (n = 7) for swine dysentery (SD) based upon lesions and positive culture from the source pig. The microbiota in each sample was analyzed by bacterial census taking (16S rRNA gene sequencing). Procrustes analysis revealed similar clustering by disease classification with a relatively high M2 value (0.44) suggesting differences in the microbiota between mucosal and luminal samples from the same pig. In both sample types, differences in richness and beta diversity were observed between disease statuses (P ≤ 0.014). The relative abundance of Brachyspirales, Campylobacterales, Desulfovibrionales, and Enterobacteriales was higher in pigs with dysentery for both mucosal scrapings and luminal samples while Clostridiales, Erysipelotrichales, and Fusobacteriales were significantly more abundant in the luminal contents only. For inoculated pigs that did not develop dysentery, Burkholderiales were more abundant in both sample types, Bacteroidales and Synergistales were more abundant in mucosal scrapings, and Lactobacillales and Bifidobacteriales were more abundant in luminal contents when compared with diseased pigs. Linear discriminant analysis of effect size revealed Brachyspira, Campylobacter, Mogibacterium, and multiple Desulfovibrio spp. as differential features in mucosal scrapings from pigs with dysentery while Lactobacillus and a Bifidobacterium spp. were differential in pigs without disease. These differential features were not observed in luminal samples. In summary, microbial profiles in both sample types differ significantly between disease states; however, evaluation of the mucosal microbiome specifically may be of higher value in elucidating bacterial mechanisms underlying development of SD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric R Burrough
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Bailey L Arruda
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Paul J Plummer
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States.,Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
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413
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Borgo F, Riva A, Benetti A, Casiraghi MC, Bertelli S, Garbossa S, Anselmetti S, Scarone S, Pontiroli AE, Morace G, Borghi E. Microbiota in anorexia nervosa: The triangle between bacterial species, metabolites and psychological tests. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179739. [PMID: 28636668 PMCID: PMC5479564 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a psychiatric disease with devastating physical consequences, with a pathophysiological mechanism still to be elucidated. Metagenomic studies on anorexia nervosa have revealed profound gut microbiome perturbations as a possible environmental factor involved in the disease. In this study we performed a comprehensive analysis integrating data on gut microbiota with clinical, anthropometric and psychological traits to gain new insight in the pathophysiology of AN. Fifteen AN women were compared with fifteen age-, sex- and ethnicity-matched healthy controls. AN diet was characterized by a significant lower energy intake, but macronutrient analysis highlighted a restriction only in fats and carbohydrates consumption. Next generation sequencing showed that AN intestinal microbiota was significantly affected at every taxonomic level, showing a significant increase of Enterobacteriaceae, and of the archeon Methanobrevibacter smithii compared with healthy controls. On the contrary, the genera Roseburia, Ruminococcus and Clostridium, were depleted, in line with the observed reduction in AN of total short chain fatty acids, butyrate, and propionate. Butyrate concentrations inversely correlated with anxiety levels, whereas propionate directly correlated with insulin levels and with the relative abundance of Roseburia inulinivorans, a known propionate producer. BMI represented the best predictive value for gut dysbiosis and metabolic alterations, showing a negative correlation with Bacteroides uniformis (microbiota), with alanine aminotransferase (liver function), and with psychopathological scores (obsession-compulsion, anxiety, and depression), and a positive correlation with white blood cells count. In conclusion, our findings corroborate the hypothesis that the gut dysbiosis could take part in the AN neurobiology, in particular in sustaining the persistence of alterations that eventually result in relapses after renourishment and psychological therapy, but causality still needs to be proven.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Borgo
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Riva
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Maria Cristina Casiraghi
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Stefania Garbossa
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Silvio Scarone
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio E. Pontiroli
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Morace
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Borghi
- Department of Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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414
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Tidjani Alou M, Million M, Traore SI, Mouelhi D, Khelaifia S, Bachar D, Caputo A, Delerce J, Brah S, Alhousseini D, Sokhna C, Robert C, Diallo BA, Diallo A, Parola P, Golden M, Lagier JC, Raoult D. Gut Bacteria Missing in Severe Acute Malnutrition, Can We Identify Potential Probiotics by Culturomics? Front Microbiol 2017; 8:899. [PMID: 28588566 PMCID: PMC5440526 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute malnutrition is the world-leading cause of children under-five's death. Recent metagenomics studies have established a link between gut microbiota and severe acute malnutrition, describing an immaturity with a striking depletion in oxygen-sensitive prokaryotes. Amoxicillin and therapeutic diet cure most of the children with severe acute malnutrition but an irreversible disruption of the gut microbiota is suspected in the refractory and most severe cases. In these cases, therapeutic diet may be unable to reverse the microbiota alteration leading to persistent impaired development or death. In addition, as enteric sepsis is a major cause of death in this context, identification of missing gut microbes to be tested as probiotics (live bacteria that confer a benefit to the host) to restore rapidly the healthy gut microbiota and prevent the gut pathogenic invasion is of foremost importance. In this study, stool samples of malnourished patients with kwashiorkor and healthy children were collected from Niger and Senegal and analyzed by culturomics and metagenomics. We found a globally decreased diversity, a decrease in the hitherto unknown diversity (new species isolation), a depletion in oxygen-sensitive prokaryotes including Methanobrevibacter smithii and an enrichment in potentially pathogenic Proteobacteria, Fusobacteria and Streptococcus gallolyticus. A complex of 12 species identified only in healthy children using culturomics and metagenomics were identified as probiotics candidates, providing a possible, defined, reproducible, safe, and convenient alternative to fecal transplantation to restore a healthy gut microbiota in malnourished children. Microbiotherapy based on selected strains has the potential to improve the current treatment of severe acute malnutrition and prevent relapse and death by reestablishing a healthy gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Tidjani Alou
- URMITE, Aix Marseille Université, UM63, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 7278, IRD 198, Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale 1095, IHU-Méditerranée InfectionMarseille, France.,Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Département de Biologie, Université Abdou Moumouni de NiameyNiamey, Niger
| | - Matthieu Million
- URMITE, Aix Marseille Université, UM63, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 7278, IRD 198, Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale 1095, IHU-Méditerranée InfectionMarseille, France
| | - Sory I Traore
- URMITE, Aix Marseille Université, UM63, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 7278, IRD 198, Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale 1095, IHU-Méditerranée InfectionMarseille, France.,Département d'Epidémiologie des Affections Parasitaires, Faculté de Médecine, Université des Sciences, des Techniques et Technologies de BamakoBamako, Mali
| | - Donia Mouelhi
- URMITE, Aix Marseille Université, UM63, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 7278, IRD 198, Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale 1095, IHU-Méditerranée InfectionMarseille, France
| | - Saber Khelaifia
- URMITE, Aix Marseille Université, UM63, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 7278, IRD 198, Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale 1095, IHU-Méditerranée InfectionMarseille, France
| | - Dipankar Bachar
- URMITE, Aix Marseille Université, UM63, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 7278, IRD 198, Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale 1095, IHU-Méditerranée InfectionMarseille, France
| | - Aurelia Caputo
- URMITE, Aix Marseille Université, UM63, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 7278, IRD 198, Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale 1095, IHU-Méditerranée InfectionMarseille, France
| | - Jeremy Delerce
- URMITE, Aix Marseille Université, UM63, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 7278, IRD 198, Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale 1095, IHU-Méditerranée InfectionMarseille, France
| | - Souleymane Brah
- Service de Médecine Interne et Générale, Hôpital de NiameyNiamey, Niger
| | | | - Cheikh Sokhna
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes IRD 198, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 7278, Aix-Marseille UniversitéDakar, Senegal
| | - Catherine Robert
- URMITE, Aix Marseille Université, UM63, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 7278, IRD 198, Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale 1095, IHU-Méditerranée InfectionMarseille, France
| | - Bouli A Diallo
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie, Département de Biologie, Université Abdou Moumouni de NiameyNiamey, Niger
| | - Aldiouma Diallo
- Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes IRD 198, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 7278, Aix-Marseille UniversitéDakar, Senegal
| | - Philippe Parola
- URMITE, Aix Marseille Université, UM63, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 7278, IRD 198, Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale 1095, IHU-Méditerranée InfectionMarseille, France
| | - Michael Golden
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, University of AberdeenAberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Jean-Christophe Lagier
- URMITE, Aix Marseille Université, UM63, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 7278, IRD 198, Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale 1095, IHU-Méditerranée InfectionMarseille, France
| | - Didier Raoult
- URMITE, Aix Marseille Université, UM63, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 7278, IRD 198, Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale 1095, IHU-Méditerranée InfectionMarseille, France
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