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Arima M, Takamiya Y, Furuta A, Siriratsivawong K, Tsuchiya S, Izumi M. Factors associated with the mental health status of medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study in Japan. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e043728. [PMID: 33303472 PMCID: PMC7733210 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-043728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The COVID-19 pandemic had a substantial impact on university students, including those in medical schools, with disruption in routine education causing significant psychological distress. The objective of this study was to evaluate the factors associated with psychological distress among medical students during the period of enforced home quarantine from March through May 2020. DESIGN A cross-sectional study. SETTING One Japanese medical school. PARTICIPANTS 571 medical students. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES Self-administered electronic questionnaires including the K-6 scale for psychological distress, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) for self-esteem and the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES) for self-efficacy were distributed. To assess the determinant factor for psychological distress, variables such as sex, grade in school, living conditions, and RSES and GSES scores were evaluated in regression analysis. RESULTS 163 respondents (28.5%) scored ≥5 on the K-6 scale, indicating a significant degree of psychological distress. Logistic regression revealed that a higher score on RSES (p<0.001) and GSES (p<0.01) was an independent factor associated with lower levels of psychological distress. Multiple regression analysis focusing on students with a K-6 score ≥5 revealed that higher scores on RSES correlated with lower levels of psychological distress. By contrast, those with higher GSES scores also scored higher for indicators of psychological distress. CONCLUSIONS This study identified that self-efficacy and self-esteem were both influential factors for predicting psychological distress during the current COVID-19 pandemic. Medical schools should provide support for mental health and educational initiatives directed at enhancing self-esteem and self-efficacy, with a focus on improving personal resilience. In emergency situations, such as that faced in response to the COVID-19 pandemic, initial programmes might target students with higher levels of self-efficacy. By contrast, under routine situations, these efforts should be directed towards students with lower self-esteem as primary means to prevent depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makiko Arima
- Department of Medical Education, Showa University School of Medicine, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Takamiya
- Department of Medical Education, Showa University School of Medicine, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsuko Furuta
- Department of Medical Education, Showa University School of Medicine, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kris Siriratsivawong
- Department of Medical Education, Showa University School of Medicine, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shizuma Tsuchiya
- Department of Medical Education, Showa University School of Medicine, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Miki Izumi
- Department of Medical Education, Showa University School of Medicine, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Abstract
COVID-19 is a menace for Pakistan’s fragile and overburdened health care system and infrastructure, insidiously permeating the socio-economic fabric. Globally complete to partial shutdown of educational institutions has been enforced, transitioning from face to face to online academics. Academic institutes are floundering to withstand the brunt. Therefore, the current study was conducted to attempt to review and highlight the impact and challenges posed by transition from conventional to online academics and how to approach them, in the wake of COVID-19 pandemic with the perspective of developing countries like Pakistan. For this purpose, search for relevant literature using search engines and websites including Google, Google Scholar and Web of Science as well as Medline database was conducted with keywords “Covid-19, academics, mental health, social impact and e-learning and combination of words”. Thirty two English language, full text articles published in the last ten years from 2010 to 2020 were selected for the literature review. With this literature review, we conclude that this lockdown has caused significant distortion in the academic world yet unequal interruption in learning with significant disruptions in internal assessments and qualification examinations with developing countries like Pakistan, compounded by a compromised educational system. However, COVID-19 is spurring the case for conversion to online academics and developing countries like Pakistan are poised to develop reliable, cost effective and secure online academic system whether it is bane or boon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazia Mumtaz
- Dr. Nazia Mumtaz, PhD. (Rehabilitation Sciences) Head of Department of Speech Language Pathology, Faculty of Rehab & Allied Health Sciences, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Saqulain
- Dr. Ghulam Saqulain, F.C.P.S (Otorhinolaryngology) Head of Department of Otolaryngology Department of ENT, Capital Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Nadir Mumtaz
- Mr. Nadir Mumtaz, LLB Former DG Research, FBR Islamabad, Pakistan
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403
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Exploring Perceived Stress among Students in Turkey during the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17238961. [PMID: 33276520 PMCID: PMC7729602 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17238961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Students have been highly vulnerable to mental health issues during the COVID-19 pandemic, and researchers have shown that perceived stress and mental health problems have increased during the pandemic. The aim of this study was to reveal the prevalence of perceived stress and mental health among students during the pandemic and to explore predictors of stress levels. A cross-sectional study was conducted on a sample of 358 undergraduates from 14 universities in Turkey, including 200 female students (56%). The measurements used in the study were the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item (GAD-7) scale, Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-8), Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS), Perception of COVID Impact on Student Well-Being (CI), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), Physical Activity Scale (PA), and a sociodemographic survey. Students reported high perceived stress, mild generalized anxiety, and low satisfaction with life. More than half of the students met the diagnostic criteria of GAD (52%) and depression (63%). Female and physically inactive students had higher PSS-10 levels. A hierarchical linear regression model showed that after controlling for gender and negative CI, anxiety and physical inactivity significantly predicted high perceived stress. The study shows that students’ mental health during the pandemic is at high risk.
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404
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Chen JH, Li Y, Wu AMS, Tong KK. The overlooked minority: Mental health of International students worldwide under the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond. Asian J Psychiatr 2020; 54:102333. [PMID: 32795955 PMCID: PMC7399745 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juliet Honglei Chen
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, China
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, China
| | - Anise M S Wu
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, China; Center for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, University of Macau, China
| | - Kwok Kit Tong
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Macau, China.
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405
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Khan AH, Sultana MS, Hossain S, Hasan MT, Ahmed HU, Sikder MT. The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on mental health & wellbeing among home-quarantined Bangladeshi students: A cross-sectional pilot study. J Affect Disord 2020; 277:121-128. [PMID: 32818775 PMCID: PMC7410816 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.07.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 is imposing threat both on physical and mental health since its outbreak. Bangladesh adopted lockdown strategy with potential consequences on day to day life, mental and physical health and this study aims to explore the impact of COVID-19 on mental health and wellbeing among Bangladeshi students. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted between 9th and 23rd April 2020 among 505 college and university students. Data was collected by using online questionnaire including DASS 21 and IES. Descriptive analysis and bivariate linear regression were performed to examine the association of variables. RESULTS 28.5 % of the respondents had stress, 33.3% anxiety, 46.92% depression from mild to extremely severe, according to DASS 21 and 69.31% had event-specific distress from mild to severe in terms of severity according to IES. Perceiving physical symptoms as COVID-19 was significantly associated with DASS stress subscale (B = 3.71, 95% CI: 1.01 to 6.40), DASS anxiety subscale (B = 3.95, 95% CI: 1.95 to 5.96), DASS depression subscale (B = 3.82, 95% CI: 0.97 to 6.67) and IES scale (B = 7.52, 95% CI: 3.58 to 11.45). Additionally, fear of infection, financial uncertainty, inadequate food supply, absence of physical exercise and limited or no recreational activity had significant association with stress, anxiety, depression and post-traumatic symptoms. CONCLUSION This COVID-19 outbreak imposes psychological consequences on people to a great extent which requires attention from the concerned authorities to cope with this situation mentally. The perception about the outbreak can also play a big role in psychological impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abid Hasan Khan
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mst Sadia Sultana
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sahadat Hossain
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
| | - M Tasdik Hasan
- Department of Primary Care & Mental Health, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Helal Uddin Ahmed
- National Institute of Mental Health, Sher-E-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Tajuddin Sikder
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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406
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Khan AH, Sultana MS, Hossain S, Hasan MT, Ahmed HU, Sikder MT. The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on mental health & wellbeing among home-quarantined Bangladeshi students: A cross-sectional pilot study. J Affect Disord 2020; 277:121-128. [PMID: 32818775 DOI: 10.31234/osf.io/97s5r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 is imposing threat both on physical and mental health since its outbreak. Bangladesh adopted lockdown strategy with potential consequences on day to day life, mental and physical health and this study aims to explore the impact of COVID-19 on mental health and wellbeing among Bangladeshi students. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted between 9th and 23rd April 2020 among 505 college and university students. Data was collected by using online questionnaire including DASS 21 and IES. Descriptive analysis and bivariate linear regression were performed to examine the association of variables. RESULTS 28.5 % of the respondents had stress, 33.3% anxiety, 46.92% depression from mild to extremely severe, according to DASS 21 and 69.31% had event-specific distress from mild to severe in terms of severity according to IES. Perceiving physical symptoms as COVID-19 was significantly associated with DASS stress subscale (B = 3.71, 95% CI: 1.01 to 6.40), DASS anxiety subscale (B = 3.95, 95% CI: 1.95 to 5.96), DASS depression subscale (B = 3.82, 95% CI: 0.97 to 6.67) and IES scale (B = 7.52, 95% CI: 3.58 to 11.45). Additionally, fear of infection, financial uncertainty, inadequate food supply, absence of physical exercise and limited or no recreational activity had significant association with stress, anxiety, depression and post-traumatic symptoms. CONCLUSION This COVID-19 outbreak imposes psychological consequences on people to a great extent which requires attention from the concerned authorities to cope with this situation mentally. The perception about the outbreak can also play a big role in psychological impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abid Hasan Khan
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mst Sadia Sultana
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sahadat Hossain
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
| | - M Tasdik Hasan
- Department of Primary Care & Mental Health, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Helal Uddin Ahmed
- National Institute of Mental Health, Sher-E-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Tajuddin Sikder
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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407
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Windak A, Frese T, Hummers E, Klemenc Ketis Z, Tsukagoshi S, Vilaseca J, Vinker S, Ungan M. Academic general practice/family medicine in times of COVID-19 - Perspective of WONCA Europe. Eur J Gen Pract 2020; 26:182-188. [PMID: 33337939 PMCID: PMC7751383 DOI: 10.1080/13814788.2020.1855136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 outbreak has significantly changed all aspects of general practice in Europe. This article focuses on the academic challenges for the discipline, mainly in the field of education, research, and quality assurance. The efforts of the European Region of the World Organisation of National Colleges, Academies, and Academic Associations of General Practitioners/Family Physicians (WONCA Europe) to support academic sustainability of the discipline in the time of pandemic are presented. Medical education was affected by the pandemic, threatening both its productivity and quality. Emerging new educational methods might be promising, but the results of their rapid implementation remain uncertain. A relatively small number of publications related to COVID-19 and general practice is available in the medical literature. There is a shortage of original data from general practice settings. This contrasts with the crucial role of GPs in fighting a pandemic. COVID-19 outbreak has opened widely new research areas, which should be explored by GPs. Maintaining the quality of care and safety of all patients during the COVID-19 pandemic is the utmost priority. Many of them suffer from poor access or inadequate management of their problems. Rapid implementation of telemedicine brought both threats and opportunities. The COVID-19 pandemic also challenged doctors' safety and well-being. These aspects will require discussion and remedy to prevent deterioration of the quality of primary care. WONCA Europe is making a multi-faceted effort to support GPs in difficult times of the pandemic. It is ready to support future efforts to uphold the integrity of family medicine as an academic discipline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Windak
- Department of Family Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Thomas Frese
- Institute of General Practice & Family Medicine, Medical Faculty, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Eva Hummers
- Department of General Practice, Georg-August-Universitat Gottingen, Gottingen, Germany
| | - Zalika Klemenc Ketis
- Community Health Centre Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Slovenia
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Josep Vilaseca
- Consorci d'Atenció Primàrìa Barcelona Esquerra, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Shlomo Vinker
- Department of Family Medicine, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Mehmet Ungan
- Department of Family Medicine, Ankara University School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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408
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Cascini F, Hoxhaj I, Zaçe D, Ferranti M, Di Pietro ML, Boccia S, Ricciardi W. How health systems approached respiratory viral pandemics over time: a systematic review. BMJ Glob Health 2020; 5:e003677. [PMID: 33380411 PMCID: PMC7780537 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several healthcare systems facing respiratory viral infections outbreaks, like COVID-19, have not been prepared to manage them. Public health mitigation solutions ranging from isolation of infected or suspected cases to implementation of national lockdowns have proven their effectiveness for the outbreak's control. However, the adjustment of public health measures is crucial during transition phases to avoid new outbreaks. To address the need for designing evidence-based strategies, we performed a systematic review to identify healthcare systems interventions, experiences and recommendations that have been used to manage different respiratory viral infections outbreaks in the past. METHODS PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Cochrane were searched to retrieve eligible studies of any study design, published in English until 17 April 2020. Double-blinded screening process was conducted by titles/abstracts and subsequently eligible full texts were read and pertinent data were extracted. When applicable, quality assessment was conducted for the included articles. We performed a narrative synthesis of each implemented public health approaches. RESULTS We included a total of 24 articles addressing the public health approaches implemented for respiratory viral infections outbreaks for COVID-19, influenza A H1N1, MERS and severe acute respiratory syndrome . The identified approaches are ascribable to two main categories: healthcare system strategies and healthcare provider interventions. The key components of an effective response on respiratory viral outbreaks included the implementation of evidence-based contextual policies, intrahospital management actions, community healthcare facilities, non-pharmaceutical interventions, enhanced surveillance, workplace preventive measures, mental health interventions and communication plans. CONCLUSION The identified healthcare system strategies applied worldwide to face epidemics or pandemics are a useful knowledge base to inform decision-makers about control measures to be used in the transition phases of COVID-19 and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fidelia Cascini
- Public Health Section, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Roma, Italy
| | - Ilda Hoxhaj
- Public Health Section, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Roma, Italy
| | - Drieda Zaçe
- Public Health Section, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Roma, Italy
| | - Margherita Ferranti
- Public Health Section, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Roma, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Di Pietro
- Public Health Section, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Roma, Italy
| | - Stefania Boccia
- Public Health Section, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Roma, Italy
| | - Walter Ricciardi
- Public Health Section, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Roma, Italy
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409
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Vitale E, Moretti B, Noternicola A, Covelli I. How the Italian Nursing students deal the pandemic Covid-19 condition. ACTA BIO-MEDICA : ATENEI PARMENSIS 2020; 91:e2020007. [PMID: 33263339 PMCID: PMC8023108 DOI: 10.23750/abm.v91i12-s.9860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Background and Aim of the work: Since December 2019, a new infectious disease known as Coronavirus disease (Covid-19) has rapidly spread globally until it has been declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization. At the same time, if we consider the University context, there is little attention paid during basic nursing education to emergency response, and faculty members report feeling poorly prepared to teach students about this topic. The present study aims to investigate how the Covid-19 pandemic condition influenced the psychological well-being of the Italian nursing students. Methods: An online questionnaire was administered to Italian nursing students which contains two parts: a demographic section and the assessment to the psychological well-being nursing student with the Impact of Event Scale-Revised and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Results: Given the emergency health situation from Covid-19, our initial concern was to find a large number of students with difficulties in mentally processing this situation even with problems such as depression, as their future profession is heavily involved in the management of this pandemic. Fortunately our results have denied our initial hypothesis since both the impact management levels of the event, assessed with the IES-R scale, and the depression levels, assessed with the PHQ-9 recorded values that were almost normal. Conclusions: Nursing students are better able to face the situation since they find themselves in the role of spectators and not in the role of actors in the care of patients with Covid-19. If the training ameliorates psychological well being, therefore, it is necessary to provide and preserve nurses expertise to encourage teaching in nursing degree courses on maxi emergencies to prepare future nurses to face them adequately. (www.actabiomedica.it)
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Biagio Moretti
- Orthopaedic and Trauma Unit, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, School of Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, AOU Consorziale Policlinico, Bari, Italy..
| | - Angela Noternicola
- Orthopaedic and Trauma Unit, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, School of Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, AOU Consorziale Policlinico, Bari, Italy..
| | - Ilaria Covelli
- Orthopaedic and Trauma Unit, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, School of Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, AOU Consorziale Policlinico, Bari, Italy..
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410
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Galloway T, Bowra A, Butsang T, Mashford-Pringle A. Education in uncertainty: Academic life as Indigenous health scholars during COVID-19. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF EDUCATION. INTERNATIONALE ZEITSCHRIFT FUR ERZIEHUNGSWISSENSCHAFT. REVUE INTERNATIONALE DE PEDAGOGIE 2020; 66:817-832. [PMID: 33281222 PMCID: PMC7703737 DOI: 10.1007/s11159-020-09876-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
As the COVID-19 crisis continues to develop, communities around the world find themselves living in new and uncertain times. School and university closures are significantly disrupting the lives of students, educators and researchers alike. With the sudden shift to online learning platforms, the limitations on research projects and the lack of standardised policies and procedures, many concerns arise surrounding the unequal impacts of this crisis. This article brings together diverse perspectives on the effects of COVID-19 on post-secondary life for students and scholars engaged in the field of Indigenous health research. The authors reflect on how this time has impacted them as a graduating student, incoming PhD student, junior faculty member and mid-career faculty member respectively. Their experiences of teaching and learning at a large, research-intensive university in Toronto, Canada have been profoundly transformed, and will continue to change the way they work, research and interact at the graduate level. Working with Indigenous communities and organisations requires relationship building, collaboration and ceremony. In these unprecedented times, scholars cannot simply continue "business as usual". They must adapt everything, including how they teach, learn and work with Indigenous peoples, who are particularly vulnerable to this pandemic. Reflecting on the impacts that have already occurred and those that are still likely to come, the authors discuss what changes may need to be made in academia to support diverse actors within their scholarly community. They suggest changes to their scholarship with Indigenous communities in Canada to help them continue to work in a respectful, reciprocal and culturally appropriate way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracey Galloway
- Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON Canada
| | - Andrea Bowra
- Waakebiness-Bryce Institute for Indigenous Health, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Tenzin Butsang
- Waakebiness-Bryce Institute for Indigenous Health, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Angela Mashford-Pringle
- Waakebiness-Bryce Institute for Indigenous Health, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON Canada
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411
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AlKarani AS, Al Thobaity A. Medical Staff Members' Experiences with Blackboard at Taif University, Saudi Arabia. J Multidiscip Healthc 2020; 13:1629-1634. [PMID: 33239883 PMCID: PMC7680684 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s287389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The coronavirus COVID-19 has had very serious impacts on many aspects of people’s lives worldwide, including the negative effect on the educational system that disturbed the normal functions of medical faculties. Understanding the experiences of medical faculty members will help to better prepare for making improvements in similar future crises. Moreover, to our extended knowledge, there is no study on e-learning in the field of medical university education in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The aim of this qualitative study was to explore how online learning was applied at Taif University after the total transformation from traditional education to Blackboard during the COVID-19 crisis and how it can be improved. Methods The study used a descriptive qualitative study design. Staff from four medical colleges at Taif University, Saudi Arabia were invited to participate in a semi-structured interview. Eight Saudi lecturers participated, and data were analysed using thematic analysis. Results This study revealed four themes: Blackboard is professionally well designed; obstacles to the use of Blackboard; the need for Blackboard training; and student behavior through Blackboard. Conclusion The use of the Blackboard has its advantages and disadvantages, and the education sector needs to do more research to find out that issues and work to improve it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed S AlKarani
- Nursing Department, Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
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412
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Sharma D, Bhaskar S. Addressing the Covid-19 Burden on Medical Education and Training: The Role of Telemedicine and Tele-Education During and Beyond the Pandemic. Front Public Health 2020; 8:589669. [PMID: 33330333 PMCID: PMC7728659 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.589669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Medical students are the future of sustainable health systems that are severely under pressure during COVID-19. The disruption in medical education and training has adversely impacted traditional medical education and medical students and is likely to have long-term implications beyond COVID-19. In this article, we present a comprehensive analysis of the existing structural and systemic challenges applicable to medical students and teaching/training programs and the impact of COVID-19 on medical students and education. Use of technologies such as telemedicine or remote education platforms can minimize increased mental health risks to this population. An overview of challenges during and beyond the COVID-19 pandemic are also discussed, and targeted recommendations to address acute and systemic issues in medical education and training are presented. During the transition from conventional in-person or classroom teaching to tele-delivery of educational programs, medical students have to navigate various social, economic and cultural factors which interfere with their personal and academic lives. This is especially relevant for those from vulnerable, underprivileged or minority backgrounds. Students from vulnerable backgrounds are influenced by environmental factors such as unemployment of themselves and family members, lack of or inequity in provision and access to educational technologies and remote delivery-platforms, and increased levels of mental health stressors due to prolonged isolation and self-quarantine measures. Technologies for remote education and training delivery as well as sustenance and increased delivery of general well-being and mental health services to medical students, especially to those at high-risk, are pivotal to our response to COVID-19 and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divyansh Sharma
- Pandemic Health System REsilience PROGRAM (REPROGRAM) Global, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Neurovascular Imaging Laboratory, Clinical Sciences Stream, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sonu Bhaskar
- Pandemic Health System REsilience PROGRAM (REPROGRAM) Global, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Neurovascular Imaging Laboratory, Clinical Sciences Stream, Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Liverpool Hospital and South West Sydney Local Health District (SWSLHD), Sydney, NSW, Australia
- NSW Brain Clot Bank, NSW Health Statewide Biobank and NSW Health Pathology, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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413
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Rao SR, Gurram L, K VB, Lewis S. Impact of COVID-19 on oncology education and training in India. Ecancermedicalscience 2020; 14:ed107. [PMID: 33343706 PMCID: PMC7738265 DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2020.ed107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease-19 was declared a pandemic and global emergency in March 2020. Oncology education and training has been on a rollercoaster ride ever since. Despite major changes in the work environment, training for postgraduates in oncology has continued with various challenges. We discuss the changes brought about in education, training and assessments for oncology residents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Rajesh Rao
- Department of Palliative Medicine and Supportive care, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Lavanya Gurram
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tata Memorial Centre, HBNI, Mumbai, 400012, India
| | - Vasudev Bhat K
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Shirley Lewis
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
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414
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Wilcha RJ. Effectiveness of Virtual Medical Teaching During the COVID-19 Crisis: Systematic Review. JMIR MEDICAL EDUCATION 2020; 6:e20963. [PMID: 33106227 PMCID: PMC7682786 DOI: 10.2196/20963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In December 2019, COVID-19 emerged and rapidly spread worldwide. Transmission of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, is high; as a result, countries worldwide have imposed rigorous public health measures, such as quarantine. This has involved the suspension of medical school classes globally. Medical school attachments are vital to aid the progression of students' confidence and competencies as future physicians. Since the outbreak of COVID-19, medical schools have sought ways to replace medical placements with virtual clinical teaching. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to review the advantages and disadvantages of virtual medical teaching for medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic based on the current emerging literature. METHODS A brief qualitative review based on the application and effectiveness of virtual teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic was conducted by referencing keywords, including medical student virtual teaching COVID-19, virtual undergraduate medical education, and virtual medical education COVID-19, in the electronic databases of PubMed and Google Scholar. A total of 201 articles were found, of which 34 were included in the study. Manual searches of the reference lists of the included articles yielded 5 additional articles. The findings were tabulated and assessed under the following headings: summary of virtual teaching offered, strengths of virtual teaching, and weaknesses of virtual teaching. RESULTS The strengths of virtual teaching included the variety of web-based resources available. New interactive forms of virtual teaching are being developed to enable students to interact with patients from their homes. Open-access teaching with medical experts has enabled students to remain abreast of the latest medical advancements and to reclaim knowledge lost by the suspension of university classes and clinical attachments. Peer mentoring has been proven to be a valuable tool for medical students with aims of increasing knowledge and providing psychological support. Weaknesses of virtual teaching included technical challenges, confidentiality issues, reduced student engagement, and loss of assessments. The mental well-being of students was found to be negatively affected during the pandemic. Inequalities of virtual teaching services worldwide were also noted to cause differences in medical education. CONCLUSIONS In the unprecedented times of the COVID-19 pandemic, medical schools have a duty to provide ongoing education to medical students. The continuation of teaching is crucial to enable the graduation of future physicians into society. The evidence suggests that virtual teaching is effective, and institutions are working to further develop these resources to improve student engagement and interactivity. Moving forward, medical faculties must adopt a more holistic approach to student education and consider the mental impact of COVID-19 on students as well as improve the security and technology of virtual platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robyn-Jenia Wilcha
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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415
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Psychological Distress of University Workers during COVID-19 Pandemic in Brazil. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17228520. [PMID: 33212965 PMCID: PMC7698515 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17228520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The study aimed to explore mental distress during COVID-19 quarantine in a sample of university workers in Brazil. The survey included sets of questions about demographics, health, and support, an open question about major concerns, and the Clinical Outcome Routine Evaluation (CORE-OM), a measure of mental distress. A total of 407 professionals, mean age 40, SD 11.2, fulfilling social distancing (99%) participated in the study. Participants were mostly female (67.8%) and married (64.8%). Using the Consensual Qualitative Research process for simple qualitative data (CQR-M), the main areas of concern were grouped into six domains, as follows: work, health, isolation, personal life and routine, social environment, and future. Many responses were multiple. They form categories indicating specific concerns within these domains. Quantitative data were analyzed by identifying the simple effects of potential predictors of mental distress. The results indicated medium effects of help with household chores (η2 = 0.06, 95% confidence interval (CI) (0.022–0.095)), psychiatric treatment (η2 = 0.06, CI (0.030–0.110)), age (η2 = 0.12, CI (0.070–0.170)), and physical exercise (η2 = 0.12, CI (0.079–0.180)). Having someone available to listen was the only variable with a large effect associated with reduced mental suffering (η2 = 0.18; CI (0.118–0.227)). Psychological experiences of the pandemic are multifaceted and complex. Thus, substantially larger surveys, with both quantitative and qualitative components, are needed.
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416
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Farahani S, Farahani I, Burckhardt BB, Schwender H, Laeer S. Self-Instruction Video Versus Face-to-Face Instruction of Pharmacy Students' Skills in Blood Pressure Measurement. PHARMACY 2020; 8:pharmacy8040217. [PMID: 33207585 PMCID: PMC7711835 DOI: 10.3390/pharmacy8040217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A modern approach to clinical skill education is the use of educational videos, yet there is a shortage of literature investigating the effect of self-instruction videos (SIVs) in pharmacy students. Therefore, our objective was to investigate whether an SIV is non-inferior compared to face-to-face instruction (FTFI) in acquiring blood pressure measurement skills. The participants in this randomized controlled study were pharmacy students. The control group was taught by FTFI, while the intervention group watched an SIV. Before and after the instruction, the participants' performance was assessed by an objective structured clinical examination (OSCE). The participants completed a self-assessment survey before each OSCE session. Moreover, the participants' perception and satisfaction were assessed using another survey. The OSCE score and self-assessment score increased significantly from pre- to post-instruction in both groups. The SIV was non-inferior compared to FTFI in terms of the OSCE score, considering a predefined non-inferiority margin of -10%. The participants' self-assessment yielded inconclusive results for non-inferiority. Both instructional approaches were well received. Considering our findings, SIVs might be a valuable option for teaching pharmacy students' blood pressure measurement skills. However, depending on the skill intended to be taught, a combination of an instructional video with instructor-led teaching may be necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samieh Farahani
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacotherapy, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Universitaetsstrasse 1, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (I.F.); (B.B.B.); (S.L.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Imaneh Farahani
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacotherapy, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Universitaetsstrasse 1, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (I.F.); (B.B.B.); (S.L.)
| | - Bjoern B. Burckhardt
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacotherapy, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Universitaetsstrasse 1, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (I.F.); (B.B.B.); (S.L.)
| | - Holger Schwender
- Mathematical Institute, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Universitaetsstrasse 1, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany;
| | - Stephanie Laeer
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacotherapy, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Universitaetsstrasse 1, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany; (I.F.); (B.B.B.); (S.L.)
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417
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Al‐Hosan AM, AlRajeh NM, Arnout BA. The role of university teaching staff members in cognitive awareness and raising the level of health protection, value, and moral of students through the COVID-19 pandemic. JOURNAL OF PUBLIC AFFAIRS 2020; 20:e2332. [PMID: 32904882 PMCID: PMC7460939 DOI: 10.1002/pa.2332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to detect the role of teaching staff members in increasing university students' awareness, health protection, moral, and value aspects through the e-learning, and to reveal the differences in the level of the teaching staff members about their roles due to the path of college, academic degree, and academic experience. To achieve these aims of the study, the descriptive method was applied. The study sample consisted of (101) teaching stuff member in health, scientific, and human specializations at Princess Nourah Bint Abdul Rahman University in Saudi Arabia. The researchers designed a questionnaire to collect the data that reflects the perceptions of teaching staff members about their cognitive, skill, health, and ethical roles toward responding to the COVID-19 pandemic through distance education. The results indicated that there are high levels of teaching staff members' perception of their skill, health, and ethical responsibilities to raise students' awareness about the COVID-19 pandemic, while the level of teaching staff members' perception of their cognitive responsibilities to raise students' awareness about the COVID-19 pandemic was average. The findings indicated there are differences in the perception of the teaching staff members of their cognitive, skill, health, and moral value responsibilities to raise students' awareness about the COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amani M. Al‐Hosan
- Faculty of EducationPrincess Nourah bint Abdulrahman UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia
| | - Nawal M. AlRajeh
- Faculty of EducationPrincess Nourah bint Abdulrahman UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia
| | - Boshra A. Arnout
- Department of PsychologyFaculty of Education, King Khalid UniversityAbhaSaudi Arabia
- Department of PsychologyFaculty of Arts, Zagazig UniversityZagazigEgypt
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418
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Barton DC. Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on field instruction and remote teaching alternatives: Results from a survey of instructors. Ecol Evol 2020; 10:12499-12507. [PMID: 32837715 PMCID: PMC7436523 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.6628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Education in ecology and evolution often utilizes field instruction to teach key learning outcomes. Remote teaching of learning outcomes that have been traditionally taught in the field, necessitated by the COVID-19 pandemic, presents unique challenges for students, instructors, and institutions. A survey of 117 faculty conducted during spring 2020 revealed substantial reduction of learning outcomes typically taught in the field, and frequent substitutions of less active and more instructor-centered remote activities for field activities. The survey revealed generally negative instructor views on many remote teaching substitutions, yet also showed several approaches that instructors regarded as more effective, despite potential challenges with equitably teaching them. I suggest several models of remote substitutions for traditional field teaching of identification, field techniques, data collection, and study design in the context of the results of this survey.
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419
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Singh S, Roy D, Sinha K, Parveen S, Sharma G, Joshi G. Impact of COVID-19 and lockdown on mental health of children and adolescents: A narrative review with recommendations. Psychiatry Res 2020; 293:113429. [PMID: 32882598 PMCID: PMC7444649 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 704] [Impact Index Per Article: 176.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown has brought about a sense of fear and anxiety around the globe. This phenomenon has led to short term as well as long term psychosocial and mental health implications for children and adolescents. The quality and magnitude of impact on minors is determined by many vulnerability factors like developmental age, educational status, pre-existing mental health condition, being economically underprivileged or being quarantined due to infection or fear of infection. AIMS This paper is aimed at narratively reviewing various articles related to mental-health aspects of children and adolescents impacted by COVID-19 pandemic and enforcement of nationwide or regional lockdowns to prevent further spread of infection. METHODOLOGY We conducted a review and collected articles and advisories on mental health aspects of children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. We selected articles and thematically organized them. We put up their major findings under the thematic areas of impact on young children, school and college going students, children and adolescents with mental health challenges, economically underprivileged children, impact due to quarantine and separation from parents and the advisories of international organizations. We have also provided recommendations to the above. CONCLUSION There is a pressing need for planning longitudinal and developmental studies, and implementing evidence based elaborative plan of action to cater to the psycho social and mental health needs of the vulnerable children and adolescents during pandemic as well as post pandemic. There is a need to ameliorate children and adolescents' access to mental health support services geared towards providing measures for developing healthy coping mechanisms during the current crisis. For this innovative child and adolescent mental health policies policies with direct and digital collaborative networks of psychiatrists, psychologists, paediatricians, and community volunteers are deemed necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Singh
- Additional Professor, Department of Psychiatry, KGMU Lucknow. India
| | - Deblina Roy
- Psychiatric Nursing, Department of Psychiatry, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India.
| | - Krittika Sinha
- Department of Psychiatry, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Sheeba Parveen
- Department of Psychiatry, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Ginni Sharma
- Department of Psychiatry, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India
| | - Gunjan Joshi
- Department of Psychiatry, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India
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420
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Thompson TJU, Collings AJ, Earwaker H, Horsman G, Nakhaeizadeh S, Parekh U. Forensic undergraduate education during and after the COVID-19 imposed lockdown: Strategies and reflections from India and the UK. Forensic Sci Int 2020; 316:110500. [PMID: 32927413 PMCID: PMC7474872 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2020.110500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T J U Thompson
- School of Health & Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, TS1 3BX, UK.
| | - Amber J Collings
- School of Health & Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, TS1 3BX, UK.
| | - Helen Earwaker
- Institute of Criminal Justice Studies, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, PO1 2UP, UK.
| | - Graeme Horsman
- School of Health & Life Sciences, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, TS1 3BX, UK.
| | - Sherry Nakhaeizadeh
- Department of Security and Crime Science, UCL, Centre for the Forensic Sciences, 35 Tavistock Square, London, WC1H 9EZ, UK.
| | - Utsav Parekh
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Pramukhswami Medical College, Gujarat, India.
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421
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Savarese G, Curcio L, D’Elia D, Fasano O, Pecoraro N. Online University Counselling Services and Psychological Problems among Italian Students in Lockdown Due to Covid-19. Healthcare (Basel) 2020; 8:E440. [PMID: 33137963 PMCID: PMC7712388 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare8040440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: With the advent of Covid-19, Italian university students were overwhelmed by fear of the pandemic and the social restrictions of the lockdown phase, with all didactic activity provided online. These stress factors caused people to experience psychological problems and/or the aggravation of pre-existing mental symptomatology. Psychological support is, therefore, important for the university-student population. Aims: (1) Analyzing the psychological difficulties and mental problems relative to lockdown from Covid-19 of students who asked for help from the Center of Psychological Counseling of the University of Salerno. (2) Describing the online services of the university's psychological counseling treatment. Participants: 266 university students, but only 49 were undergoing psychological treatment during the Covid-19 lockdown at the center. Methods: (1) Semistructured interview; (2) Questionnaire consisting of sociodemographic information and ad hoc questions; and (3) Scl-90-r test. Results and Conclusions: Aim 1: The main results highlight high levels of anxiety and stress, concentration disorders, and psychosomatization. In several cases, there was a reactivation of previous traumas and sleep was found qualitatively compromised. Aim 2: Counseling services included telephone listening activities, online psychological interviews, psychoeducational groups for interventions of anxiety management, and workshops on study methods conducted in small groups. The online counseling intervention, in times of emergency, increased the resilience and identified any psychological problems in order to implement timely management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Savarese
- Centre of Psychological Counselling, Campus di Baronissi, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi (Sa), Italy; (L.C.); (D.D.); (O.F.); (N.P.)
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422
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Shaikh Abdul Karim S, Md Tahir FA, Mohamad UK, Abu Bakar M, Mohamad KN, Suleiman M, Omar Khan H, Md Noor J. Experience repatriation of citizens from epicentre using commercial flights during COVID-19 pandemic. Int J Emerg Med 2020; 13:50. [PMID: 33115412 PMCID: PMC7594296 DOI: 10.1186/s12245-020-00308-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the COVID-19 pandemic, many countries instituted closure of borders from international and local travels. Stranded citizens appeal to their governments to embark on citizen repatriation missions. Between February and April 2020, the Government of Malaysia directed repatriation of its citizens from China, Iran, Italy and Indonesia. We describe the preparation and execution of the repatriation mission using chartered commercial aircraft. The mission objectives were to repatriate as many citizens based on aircraft capacity and prevent onboard transmission of the disease to flight personnel. RESULTS Five repatriation missions performed was led by the National Agency for Disaster Management (NADMA) with the Ministry of Health providing technical expertise. A total of 432 citizens were repatriated from the missions. The operations were divided into four phases: the pre-boarding screening phase, the boarding and in-flight phase, the reception phase and the quarantine phase. The commercial aircraft used were from two different commercial airlines. Each mission had flight crew members between 10 and 17 people. There were 82 positive cases detected among the repatriated citizens. There was a single positive case of a healthcare worker involved in the mission, based on the sample taken on arrival of the flight. There were no infections involving flight team members. CONCLUSION Medical flight crew must be familiar with aircraft fittings that differ from one commercial airline to another as it influences infection control practices. A clear understanding of socio-political situation of a country, transmission routes of a pathogen, disease presentation, and knowledge of aviation procedures, aircraft engineering and design is of great importance in preparing for such missions. Our approach of multidiscipline team involvement managed to allow us to provide and execute the operations successfully.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Umul Khair Mohamad
- Prehospital Care Services Unit, Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Marlina Abu Bakar
- Prehospital Care Services Unit, Hospital Serdang, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Maria Suleiman
- Disaster, Outbreak, Crisis and Emergency Sector, Disease Control Division, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Putrajaya, Malaysia
| | | | - Julina Md Noor
- Emergency Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
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423
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Akour A, Al-Tammemi AB, Barakat M, Kanj R, Fakhouri HN, Malkawi A, Musleh G. The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic and Emergency Distance Teaching on the Psychological Status of University Teachers: A Cross-Sectional Study in Jordan. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2020; 103:2391-2399. [PMID: 33124547 PMCID: PMC7695050 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.20-0877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has struck many countries globally. Jordan has implemented strict nationwide control measures to halt the viral spread, one of which was the closure of universities and shifting to remote teaching. The impact of this pandemic could extend beyond the risk of physical harm to substantial psychological consequences. Our study aimed at assessing 1) psychological status, 2) challenges of distance teaching, and 3) coping activities and pandemic-related concerns among university teachers in Jordan in the midst of COVID-19-related quarantine and control measures. We conducted a cross-sectional study using an anonymous online survey. The measure of psychological distress was obtained using a validated Arabic version of the Kessler Distress Scale (K10). Other information collected included sociodemographic profile, methods used to handle distress, motivation to participate in distance teaching, and challenges of distance teaching as well as the most worrisome issues during this pandemic. Three hundred eighty-two university teachers returned completed surveys. Results of K10 showed that 31.4% of respondents had severe distress and 38.2% had mild to moderate distress. Whereas gender was not associated with distress severity, age had a weak negative correlation (Rho = -0.19, P < 0.0001). Interestingly, most teachers had moderate to high motivation for distance teaching. Engagement with family was the most reported self-coping activity. More than half of the participants were most concerned and fearful about SARS-CoV-2 infection. In conclusion, university teachers have shown to exhibit various levels of psychological distress and challenges during the implementation of precautionary national measures in the battle against COVID-19 in Jordan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Akour
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.,Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Ala'a B Al-Tammemi
- Department of Epidemiology and Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Doctoral School of Health Sciences, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Muna Barakat
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Rama Kanj
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Hussam N Fakhouri
- Department of Computer Science, King Abdullah II School for Information Technology, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Ahmad Malkawi
- Department of Health Promotion, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ghadeer Musleh
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
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424
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Zurlo MC, Cattaneo Della Volta MF, Vallone F. COVID-19 Student Stress Questionnaire: Development and Validation of a Questionnaire to Evaluate Students' Stressors Related to the Coronavirus Pandemic Lockdown. Front Psychol 2020; 11:576758. [PMID: 33192888 PMCID: PMC7642604 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.576758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical observations suggest that during times of COVID-19 pandemic lockdown university students exhibit stress-related responses to fear of contagion and to limitations of personal and relational life. The study aims to describe the development and validation of the 7-item COVID-19 Student Stress Questionnaire (CSSQ), a measurement tool to assess COVID-19-related sources of stress among university students. The CSSQ was developed and validated with 514 Italian university students. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was conducted with one split-half sub-sample to investigate the underlining dimensional structure, suggesting a three-component solution, which was confirmed by the Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) with the second one split-half sub-sample (CFI = 0.95; TLI = 0.95; RMSEA = 0.06). The CSSQ three subscales measure COVID-19 students' stressors related to (1) Relationships and Academic Life (i.e., relationships with relatives, colleagues, professors, and academic studying); (2) Isolation (i.e., social isolation and couple's relationship, intimacy and sexual life); (3) Fear of Contagion. A Global Stress score was also provided. The questionnaire revealed a satisfactory internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.71; McDonald's omega = 0.71). Evidence was also provided for convergent and discriminant validity. The study provided a brief, valid and reliable measure to assess perceived stress to be used for understanding the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown among university students and for developing tailored interventions fostering their wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Clelia Zurlo
- Dynamic Psychology Laboratory, Department of Political Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Francesca Cattaneo Della Volta
- Dynamic Psychology Laboratory, Department of Political Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Department of Humanities, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Federica Vallone
- Dynamic Psychology Laboratory, Department of Political Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Department of Humanities, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
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425
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Xu H, Gonzalez Mendez MJ, Guo L, Chen Q, Zheng L, Chen P, Cao X, Liu S, Sun X, Zhang S, Qiao Y. Knowledge, Awareness, and Attitudes Relating to the COVID-19 Pandemic Among Different Populations in Central China: Cross-Sectional Survey. J Med Internet Res 2020; 22:e22628. [PMID: 32886623 PMCID: PMC7572115 DOI: 10.2196/22628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic has threatened the health systems of many countries worldwide. Several studies have suggested that the pandemic affects not only physical health but also all aspects of society. A lot of information has been reported about the disease since the beginning of the outbreak. For that reason, it is essential to investigate the attitudes and level of knowledge and awareness that different populations had regarding COVID-19 during the critical period of the outbreak. Objective This study aimed to assess the knowledge and awareness of and attitudes toward the COVID-19 pandemic among different populations in Central China during the critical period of the outbreak. Methods A cross-sectional web-based survey was conducted in Central China from February to March 2020. The study participants included three different populations: medical workers, students, and those with other occupations. In this study, a questionnaire was designed to collect information on the following four aspects: sociodemographic information, knowledge related to COVID-19, awareness of COVID-19, and attitude toward COVID-19. The chi-square test and Fisher test were used for comparison among groups. The level of significance was set at P<.05. Results This study enrolled a total of 508 participants. Among them, there were 380 students (74.8%), 39 medical workers (7.7%), and 89 people with other occupations (17.5%). Most of the participants were female (n=272, 53.5%), lived in rural areas (n=258, 50.8%), and were single (n=423, 86.9%). The majority of the respondents had attended college (n=454, 89.4%). Most of the participants said they had heard about COVID-19 by January, and most of them looked for information on social media (Sina Weibo, 84.7%), and WeChat and QQ groups (74.2%). The participants showed an adequate level of knowledge about COVID-19 with no significant differences among the groups. However, medical workers demonstrated a slightly advanced knowledge in their responses to professional questions such as the potential susceptible population, possible host, treatment of COVID-19, and disease category. A higher proportion of medical workers (71.8%) and those in the other occupations group (52.8%) were highly concerned about the COVID-19 pandemic. More than 43% of the participants stated that the lockdown of their village/city had a significant impact on their lives. Nevertheless, the majority of respondents had an overall optimistic attitude toward the control of the disease (92.1% of students [n=350], 94.9% of medical workers [n=37], and 92.3% of those in other occupations [n=83]). Conclusions All three groups reported an adequate background knowledge about COVID-19 but medical workers showed a slightly advanced knowledge in their responses to professional questions. Most of the participants were highly concerned about COVID-19 during the critical period of the outbreak. The majority of respondents declared that the village/city lockdown policy had a significant impact on their daily life but most of them held an optimistic attitude toward the control of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Xu
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University/Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | | | - Lanwei Guo
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University/Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qiong Chen
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University/Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Liyang Zheng
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University/Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Peipei Chen
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University/Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqin Cao
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University/Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shuzheng Liu
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University/Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xibin Sun
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University/Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shaokai Zhang
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University/Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Youlin Qiao
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University/Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of Epidemiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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426
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Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Life of Higher Education Students: A Global Perspective. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12208438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 368] [Impact Index Per Article: 92.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The paper presents the most comprehensive and large-scale study to date on how students perceive the impacts of the first wave of COVID-19 crisis in early 2020 on various aspects of their lives on a global level. With a sample of 30,383 students from 62 countries, the study reveals that amid the worldwide lockdown and transition to online learning students were most satisfied with the support provided by teaching staff and their universities’ public relations. Still, deficient computer skills and the perception of a higher workload prevented them from perceiving their own improved performance in the new teaching environment. Students were mainly concerned about issues to do with their future professional career and studies, and experienced boredom, anxiety, and frustration. The pandemic has led to the adoption of particular hygienic behaviours (e.g., wearing masks, washing hands) and discouraged certain daily practices (e.g., leaving home, shaking hands). Students were also more satisfied with the role played by hospitals and universities during the epidemic compared to the governments and banks. The findings also show that students with certain socio-demographic characteristics (male, part-time, first-level, applied sciences, a lower living standard, from Africa or Asia) were significantly less satisfied with their academic work/life during the crisis, whereas female, full-time, first-level students and students faced with financial problems were generally affected more by the pandemic in terms of their emotional life and personal circumstances. Key factors influencing students’ satisfaction with the role of their university are also identified. Policymakers and higher education institutions around the world may benefit from these findings while formulating policy recommendations and strategies to support students during this and any future pandemics.
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427
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Double Burden of COVID-19 Pandemic and Military Occupation: Mental Health Among a Palestinian University Community in the West Bank. Ann Glob Health 2020; 86:131. [PMID: 33102151 PMCID: PMC7546105 DOI: 10.5334/aogh.3007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The Covid-19 pandemic created major global health crises, with serious effects on all aspects of life. The pandemic reached the Israeli occupied West Bank of Palestine in early March 2020, and lockdown immediately ensued. Objectives: To assess the prevalence and predictors of distress and insecurity among Birzeit University’s community during the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown. Methods: An online survey completed in March-April 2020 using standardized and previously validated distress and insecurity scales. The survey was placed on the University portal accessed by students, faculty and employees, and was sent by email to faculty and employees. Data were weighted to reflect the University community’s distribution. Findings: There were 1,851 participants in the study: 84% were undergraduate students, 10% graduate students, and 6% faculty and employees. Sixty two percent were women. Ages ranged from 17 to 70 years (mean 24 ± 9.7). Prevalence of moderate/high distress and insecurity were 40% and 48% respectively. Multiple logistic regression revealed that women, those under 35 years old and those with worse reported income, had significantly higher odds of distress and insecurity compared to their counterparts. Undergraduate students or living with a person at home with high risk of illness with COVID-19 were associated with higher odds of distress compared to their counterparts (OR = 1.56, 95%CI[1.13–2.15]) and (OR = 1.34, 95%CI[1.11–1.62]) respectively. A COVID-19 worry score was significantly associated with higher odds of distress and insecurity (OR = 1.77, 95%CI[1.46–2.14]) and (OR = 4.3, 95%CI[3.53–5.23]) respectively. Conclusion: This study emphasizes the need to pay attention not only to physical health but also to mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic, especially among young people, women, those with lower economic status, and those living with high risk persons during the pandemic. We hope that this study will inform the policies and interventions of the Palestinian Authority, local non-governmental organization, international groups working in the occupied Palestinian territory, and beyond.
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428
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Mahdy MAA. The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on the Academic Performance of Veterinary Medical Students. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:594261. [PMID: 33134368 PMCID: PMC7572855 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.594261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Many universities and colleges worldwide suspended classroom teaching due to the novel coronavirus pandemic and switched to online teaching. The current cross-sectional study was carried out to analyze the impact of COVID-19 lockdown on the academic performance of veterinary medical students and researchers. Veterinary medical students and researchers were invited to answer an online google form questionnaire. A total of 1,392 participants were from 92 different countries answered the questionnaire with response rate of 94.1%. The data showed that COVID-19 pandemic lockdown affected the academic performance of most participants (96.7%) with varying degrees. The mean evaluation score for the online education in general was 5.1 ± 2.4 while that for the practical parts was 3.6 ± 2.6. Although online education provides an opportunity for self-study, the main challenge that online education faces in veterinary medical science is how to give practical lessons. Since most of the subjects are practical; therefore, it is not easy to learn it online. Students think that it is difficult to fulfill the veterinary competencies only with online education system. Online education could be improved by making it more interactive, showing medical procedures in real situations, giving concise information, and providing 3D virtual tools to mimic the real situation.
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429
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Deng CH, Wang JQ, Zhu LM, Liu HW, Guo Y, Peng XH, Shao JB, Xia W. Association of Web-Based Physical Education With Mental Health of College Students in Wuhan During the COVID-19 Outbreak: Cross-Sectional Survey Study. J Med Internet Res 2020; 22:e21301. [PMID: 32997639 PMCID: PMC7537719 DOI: 10.2196/21301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 outbreak has affected people’s health worldwide. For college students, web-based physical education is a challenge, as these course are normally offered outdoors. Objective The aim of this study was to use data from a web-based survey to evaluate the relationship between the mental health status of college students and their sports-related lifestyles. Problems related to web-based physical education were also examined. Methods A web-based survey was conducted by snowball sampling from May 8 to 11, 2020. Demographic data, mental health status, and sports-related lifestyles of college students in Wuhan as well as issues related to web-based physical education were collected. Mental health status was assessed by the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21). Results The study included 1607 respondents from 267 cities. The average scores of the DASS-21 subscales (2.46 for depression, 1.48 for anxiety, and 2.59 for stress) were significantly lower in our study than in a previous study (P<.05). Lower DASS-21 scores were significantly correlated with regular exercise, maintaining exercise habits during the outbreak of COVID-19, exercising more than 1 to 2 times a week, exercise duration >1 hour, and >2000 pedometer steps (all P<.05). None of the three forms of web-based physical education was preferred by more than 50% of respondents. Frequent technical problems were confronted by 1087/1607 students (67.6%). Shape-up exercises (846/1607, 52.6%), a designed combination of exercises (710/1607, 44.2%), and Chinese kung fu (559/1607, 34.8%) were suggested sports for web-based physical education. Conclusions Mental status was significantly correlated with regular exercise and sufficient exercise duration. Professional physical guidance is needed for college students in selected sports. Exercises not meeting students’ preferences, frequent technical problems, and the distant interaction involved in web-based physical education were the main problems that should be solved in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Hu Deng
- Department of Physical Education, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing-Qiang Wang
- Department of Physical Education, Hubei Business College, Wuhan, China
| | - Li-Ming Zhu
- Department of Physical Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - He-Wang Liu
- Department of Physical Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Guo
- Department of Imaging Center, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xue-Hua Peng
- Department of Imaging Center, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian-Bo Shao
- Department of Imaging Center, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Xia
- Department of Imaging Center, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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430
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Durfee SM, Goldenson RP, Gill RR, Rincon SP, Flower E, Avery LL. Medical Student Education Roadblock Due to COVID-19: Virtual Radiology Core Clerkship to the Rescue. Acad Radiol 2020; 27:1461-1466. [PMID: 32747181 PMCID: PMC7380233 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2020.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Rationale and Objectives Medical schools were upended by the COVID-19 pandemic, resulting in suspension of all in-person educational activities, and leaving clinical clerkships on hold indefinitely. A virtual curriculum and novel teaching methods were needed to fulfill curricular requirements. We developed a comprehensive virtual radiology clerkship and evaluated the efficacy of this novel method of teaching. Materials and Methods A 4-week virtual radiology clerkship was designed to accommodate medical students who had not yet completed the required clerkship. The design included online flipped classroom modules, large group didactic lectures, and small group homeroom activities. Student performance was assessed via a standardized online final exam. Feedback from students was collected using online surveys. Student performance was compared to the in-person radiology clerkship. Results One hundred and eleven medical students were enrolled in the virtual radiology clerkship. Final exam scores were similar to the in-person clerkship. Students indicated that small group homeroom activities had the highest overall satisfaction. Students recognized enthusiastic teachers regardless of class format. Exceptional course content and organization were also noted. Course weaknesses included didactic lecture content which was repetitive or too advanced, the limited opportunity to build personal connections with faculty, and scheduling conflicts with other competing school activities. Conclusion A completely virtual radiology core clerkship can be a successful educational experience for medical students during a time when remote learning is required. A small group learning environment is most successful for student engagement. Personal connections between faculty and students can be challenging in a virtual course.
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431
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Almulhim AY, Almulhim SA, Almulhim AA, Khan AS. The impact of e-learning modalities on medical students in KSA during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2020; 15:437-438. [PMID: 33132815 PMCID: PMC7564936 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2020.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Abdul S Khan
- College of Medicine, King Faisal University, KSA
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432
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Lathabhavan R, Griffiths M. First case of student suicide in India due to the COVID-19 education crisis: A brief report and preventive measures. Asian J Psychiatr 2020; 53:102202. [PMID: 32574939 PMCID: PMC7297156 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Remya Lathabhavan
- Department of Technology Management, VIT University, Vellore, India.
| | - Mark Griffiths
- Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Burton Street, Nottingham, NG1 4FQ| Nottingham Trent University, United Kingdom
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433
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AlAteeq DA, Aljhani S, AlEesa D. Perceived stress among students in virtual classrooms during the COVID-19 outbreak in KSA. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2020; 15:398-403. [PMID: 32837508 PMCID: PMC7395822 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2020.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES COVID-19 is a newly discovered infectious Coronavirus that became pandemic. Since disease outbreaks can have mental health consequences, this study explored the perceived stress level among students during the Coronavirus Disease Outbreak and suspension of in-person teaching in Saudi Arabia. METHODS A cross-sectional survey of a sample consisting of 367 students living in Saudi Arabia assessed socio-demographic characteristics, Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and their emotions and concerns during the outbreak. RESULTS Most participants were female (74.7%) and secondary school (79.8%) students. More than half of the participants showed moderate levels of stress (55%), while 30.2% registered high levels. Females and university students showed a significant association with stress level (p-value = 0.003 and 0.049, respectively). CONCLUSIONS There was a moderate to high level of stress among students in KSA at the start of the COVID-19 outbreak. This study found a significant correlation between a high level of stress and female university students. The integration of online counselling and stress management programs would help mitigate the stress of students during distance learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deemah A. AlAteeq
- Clinical Sciences Department, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, KSA
| | - Sumayah Aljhani
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Qassim, KSA
| | - Dalal AlEesa
- Department of Psychiatry, Prince Sultan Medical Military City, Riyadh, KSA
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434
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Goda OG, Mahdy DT, El Shahed MM, Amin HAA, Ahmed SA. Students' Awareness as an Underlying Factor for Satisfaction and Compliance. J Microsc Ultrastruct 2020; 8:198-204. [PMID: 33623747 PMCID: PMC7883500 DOI: 10.4103/jmau.jmau_77_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION As soon as the WHO declared COVID-19 a pandemic, many higher education facilities had to change their educational and teaching strategies to cope with the lockdown. Some medical schools decided to rely on online teaching while others depended on students' self-learning abilities. Methods of assessment also changed as some medical schools implemented pass/fail exams, online examinations, and research projects while others postponed their final exams. In Egypt, medical schools started delivering their lectures online and changed the assessment criteria of the preclinical academic years to depend mainly on research and online exams while postponed the clinical rotations and final exams of the clinical years. AIM This study assesses medical students' awareness of the current situation regarding the safety guidelines and their satisfaction with the solutions provided by their schools for the plans to continue their learning and the new assessment methods and criteria. METHODOLOGY The method used for data collection is an online survey filled by medical students from around Egypt. Moreover, data were statistically analyzed using IBM statistical package SPSS for doing a Chi-squared test on two variables. RESULTS After collecting the data and analyzing responses, we found that 66.2% of students who answered the survey do not think that the safety measures taken by their universities after the return back will be enough. CONCLUSION This shows that the basic knowledge of COVID-19 among medical students is average and there is a need to start programs for infection control practices against COVID-19 for all medical students and professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Gamal Goda
- Medical Student, Helwan University, Faculty of Medicine, Helwan, Egypt
| | - Donia Tarek Mahdy
- Medical Student, Helwan University, Faculty of Medicine, Helwan, Egypt
| | - Mostafa M. El Shahed
- Department of Community, Environmental, and Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Samar A. Ahmed
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Ain Shams, Cairo, Egypt
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435
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Kecojevic A, Basch CH, Sullivan M, Davi NK. The impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on mental health of undergraduate students in New Jersey, cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239696. [PMID: 32997683 PMCID: PMC7526896 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The COVID-19 pandemic has been a period of upheaval for college students. The objective of this study was to assess the factors associated with the increased levels of mental health burden among a sample of undergraduate college students in Northern New Jersey, the region of the U.S. severely impacted by the outbreak of COVID-19. METHODS College students (N = 162) enrolled in an introductory core curriculum course completed a cross-sectional survey. The survey collected information on demographics, knowledge levels and sources of COVID-19 information, behavior changes, academic and everyday difficulties, and mental health measurements (depression, anxiety, somatization, and stress). Multivariable regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with mental health outcomes. RESULTS Descriptive findings indicate that students have a fundamental knowledge of COVID-19 transmission and common symptoms. Students tend to use and trust the official sources and have changed their behaviors in accordance with public health recommendations (i.e., increased hand washing, wearing mask). However, students reported a number of academic and everyday difficulties and high levels of mental health distress. High levels of depression were associated with difficulties in focusing on academic work and with employment losses, while higher levels of anxiety were more likely to be reported by students other than freshmen and those who spend more than one hour per day looking for information on COVID-19. Inability to focus on academic work and an elevated concern with COVID-19 were more likely to be associated with higher levels of somatization, while trusting news sources was associated with lower levels of somatization. Those with higher levels of perceived stress were more likely to be females, unable to focus on academic work, and report difficulties in obtaining medications and cleaning supplies. CONCLUSIONS The COVID-19 pandemic is making a significant negative impact on mental health of college students. Proactive efforts to support the mental health and well-being of students are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandar Kecojevic
- Department of Public Health, College of Science and Health, William Paterson University, Wayne, NJ, United States of America
| | - Corey H. Basch
- Department of Public Health, College of Science and Health, William Paterson University, Wayne, NJ, United States of America
| | - Marianne Sullivan
- Department of Public Health, College of Science and Health, William Paterson University, Wayne, NJ, United States of America
| | - Nicole K. Davi
- Department of Environmental Science, College of Science and Health, William Paterson University, Wayne, NJ, United States of America
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436
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Nurunnabi M, Hossain SFAH, Chinna K, Sundarasen S, Khoshaim HB, Kamaludin K, Baloch GM, Sukayt A, Shan X. Coping strategies of students for anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic in China: a cross-sectional study. F1000Res 2020; 9:1115. [PMID: 33274049 PMCID: PMC7682494 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.25557.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: COVID-19 has severely affected university students everywhere in the world. Due to fear of infection, government and local authorities in China immediately closed academic institutions and tried to find survival techniques to cope with market turbulence. COVID-19 was present in China at the end of 2019. However, little attention has been paid by researchers to coping strategies during the COVID-19 pandemic, and few measures were taken to assess the coping strategies of university students, specifically following the closure of their institutions. To address this gap, this study attempted to discover the coping strategies of Chinese students during the COVID-19 pandemic in China. Methods: We conducted an online survey using a semi-structured questionnaire with a simple random sampling technique and received 559 responses. The survey questions captured information about students' lives during the COVID-19 outbreak, actions to control anxiety, and what students care about during the pandemic. The associations between coping strategies used and levels of anxiety were tested using analysis of variance (ANOVA) procedures. SPSS Statistics v27 was used for statistical analysis in this study. Results: The university students reported that coping strategies and survival techniques were required due to high levels of anxiety and psychological pressure during the COVID-19 pandemic. Most of the respondents reported the prompt closure of their academic institutions due to COVID-19. Psychological concerns, such as lack of sleep, emotional support, mental support and social appeal, were also reported. Conclusions: This is one of the very first studies on coping strategies for anxiety in China. The study reveals that university students employ a number of coping strategies in relation to COVID-19, but also suggests a need to strengthen such strategies in this population. However, the study was limited to a small number of provinces in China, which may affect the generalizability of the research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Syed Far Abid Hossain Hossain
- College of Business Administration, International University of Business Agriculture and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Karuthan Chinna
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | | | | | | | - Gul Mohammad Baloch
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Areej Sukayt
- Prince Sultan University, Riyadh, 11586, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xu Shan
- Xi'an Jiaotong University, Shaanxi, China
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437
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COVID-19 and Disruption in Management and Education Academics: Bibliometric Mapping and Analysis. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12187362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19, What to do now? This issue has had devastating effects in all domains of society worldwide. Lockdowns, the lack of freedom and social distancing meant the closure of a country’s entire activity. Having effects at all levels, beside incalculable ones in health, it is argued that scientific activity in education, business, economics and management suffered some of the most drastic impacts of this pandemic. This study aims to map the scientific literature in these areas in the context of COVID-19 and analyze its content through bibliometrics, which made it possible to highlight the scarcity of studies on the topic, namely empirical studies on the effects of this pandemic on scientific research and teaching/education. The results show there is a lack of peer-reviewed publications on this topic, with the studies covered (93) via the threads used revealing only 28 articles coming within the proposed objective. The bibliometrics corroborates that shortage. Finally, the contributions and implications for theory and practice are presented, followed by the limitations and suggestions for future research.
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438
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Murphy L, Eduljee NB, Croteau K. College Student Transition to Synchronous Virtual Classes during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Northeastern United States. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.29333/pr/8485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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439
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Islam MA, Barna SD, Raihan H, Khan MNA, Hossain MT. Depression and anxiety among university students during the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh: A web-based cross-sectional survey. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238162. [PMID: 32845928 PMCID: PMC7449469 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 276] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of depression and anxiety among Bangladeshi university students during the COVID-19 pandemic. It also aimed at identifying the determinants of depression and anxiety. A total of 476 university students living in Bangladesh participated in this cross-sectional web-based survey. A standardized e-questionnaire was generated using the Google Form, and the link was shared through social media-Facebook. The information was analyzed in three consecutive levels, such as univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analysis. Students were experiencing heightened depression and anxiety. Around 15% of the students reportedly had moderately severe depression, whereas 18.1% were severely suffering from anxiety. The binary logistic regression suggests that older students have greater depression (OR = 2.886, 95% CI = 0.961-8.669). It is also evident that students who provided private tuition in the pre-pandemic period had depression (OR = 1.199, 95% CI = 0.736-1.952). It is expected that both the government and universities could work together to fix the academic delays and financial problems to reduce depression and anxiety among university students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Akhtarul Islam
- Statistics Discipline, Science, Engineering and Technology (SET) School, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
| | - Sutapa Dey Barna
- Statistics Discipline, Science, Engineering and Technology (SET) School, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
| | - Hasin Raihan
- Statistics Discipline, Science, Engineering and Technology (SET) School, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Nafiul Alam Khan
- Statistics Discipline, Science, Engineering and Technology (SET) School, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Tanvir Hossain
- Sociology Discipline, Social Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh
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440
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Collins B, Day R, Hamilton J, Legris K, Mawdsley H, Walsh T. 12 Tips for Pivoting to Teaching in a Virtual Environment. MEDEDPUBLISH 2020; 9:170. [PMID: 38073824 PMCID: PMC10702650 DOI: 10.15694/mep.2020.000170.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2023] Open
Abstract
This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. COVID-19 has necessitated a rapid shift to teaching in virtual environments across the educational spectrum. In this respect, instructors previously unfamiliar, or under-familiar, with virtual teaching environments need to learn quickly and effectively how these environments work and how they can be used to successfully deliver courses, especially within health professions education contexts. These twelve tips provide insight on the practice of teaching in virtual environments, from course design, to student engagement, to assessment practices, to maximising the potential that technology can provide for both the instructor and the students. Moreover, these tips inform virtual pedagogical practices in the health professions for all levels of experience.
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441
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Abstract
Previous research on respiratory infection transmission among university students has primarily focused on influenza. In this study, we explore potential transmission events for multiple respiratory pathogens in a social contact network of university students. University students residing in on-campus housing (n = 590) were followed for the development of influenza-like illness for 10-weeks during the 2012-13 influenza season. A contact network was built using weekly self-reported contacts, class schedules, and housing information. We considered a transmission event to have occurred if students were positive for the same pathogen and had a network connection within a 14-day period. Transmitters were individuals who had onset date prior to their infected social contact. Throat and nasal samples were analysed for multiple viruses by RT-PCR. Five viruses were involved in 18 transmission events (influenza A, parainfluenza virus 3, rhinovirus, coronavirus NL63, respiratory syncytial virus). Transmitters had higher numbers of co-infections (67%). Identified transmission events had contacts reported in small classes (33%), dormitory common areas (22%) and dormitory rooms (17%). These results suggest that targeting person-to-person interactions, through measures such as isolation and quarantine, could reduce transmission of respiratory infections on campus.
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442
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Shahzad A, Hassan R, Aremu AY, Hussain A, Lodhi RN. Effects of COVID-19 in E-learning on higher education institution students: the group comparison between male and female. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 55:805-826. [PMID: 32836471 PMCID: PMC7402545 DOI: 10.1007/s11135-020-01028-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In response to the emerging and ever solution to the COVID-19 outbreak. This study proposes a theoretical framework based on literature and model to determined E-learning portal success. The study compared males and females to E-learning portal usage. The study objective is to check the difference between male and female E-learning portals’ accessibility among the students’ perspective. The study included service quality, system quality, information quality, user satisfaction, system use, and E-learning portal success. The empirical data of 280 students participated from the different universities of Malaysia through google surveys analyzed using the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling. The study further divided the full model into two domains, which are female and male. In the male model, information quality and system quality have direct relationships with user satisfaction. Information quality also supported the relationship with system use. At the same time, there is a positive relationship between user satisfaction and E-learning portals. Likewise, in the female model, E-service quality and Information quality both are supported by system use and user satisfaction. Similarly, system quality has a positive relationship with user satisfaction, and user satisfaction has a positive relationship with E-learning portals. The study will be further helpful for the Malaysian universities policy-makers such as top management, ministry of higher education, Malaysian universities union in designing the policies and programs on E-learning Portal Success in the country. The findings of the study reveal that males and females have a different level of in terms of usage of towards E-learning portals in Malaysian Universities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arfan Shahzad
- Othman Yeop Abdullah Graduate School of Business (OYAGSB), Universiti Utara Malaysia (UUM), 06010 Sintok, Kedah Darul Aman Malaysia
| | - Rohail Hassan
- Othman Yeop Abdullah Graduate School of Business (OYAGSB), Universiti Utara Malaysia (UUM), 06010 Sintok, Kedah Darul Aman Malaysia
| | - Adejare Yusuff Aremu
- Othman Yeop Abdullah Graduate School of Business (OYAGSB), Universiti Utara Malaysia (UUM), 06010 Sintok, Kedah Darul Aman Malaysia
| | - Arsalan Hussain
- Othman Yeop Abdullah Graduate School of Business (OYAGSB), Universiti Utara Malaysia (UUM), 06010 Sintok, Kedah Darul Aman Malaysia
| | - Rab Nawaz Lodhi
- UCP Business School, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
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Odriozola-González P, Planchuelo-Gómez Á, Irurtia MJ, de Luis-García R. Psychological effects of the COVID-19 outbreak and lockdown among students and workers of a Spanish university. Psychiatry Res 2020; 290:113108. [PMID: 32450409 PMCID: PMC7236679 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 491] [Impact Index Per Article: 122.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze the psychological impact of COVID-19 in the university community during the first weeks of confinement. A cross-sectional study was conducted. The Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21) was employed to assess symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress. The emotional impact of the situation was analyzed using the Impact of Event Scale. An online survey was fulfilled by 2530 members of the University of Valladolid, in Spain. Moderate to extremely severe scores of anxiety, depression, and stress were reported by 21.34%, 34.19% and 28.14% of the respondents, respectively. A total of 50.43% of respondents presented moderate to severe impact of the outbreak. Students from Arts & Humanities and Social Sciences & Law showed higher scores related to anxiety, depression, stress and impact of event with respect to students from Engineering & Architecture. University staff presented lower scores in all measures compared to students, who seem to have suffered an important psychological impact during the first weeks of the COVID-19 lockdown. In order to provide timely crisis-oriented psychological services and to take preventive measures in future pandemic situations, mental health in university students should be carefully monitored.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - María Jesús Irurtia
- Department of Psychology, University of Valladolid, Paseo de Belén 1, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
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444
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Charoensukmongkol P, Phungsoonthorn T. The effectiveness of supervisor support in lessening perceived uncertainties and emotional exhaustion of university employees during the COVID-19 crisis: the constraining role of organizational intransigence. The Journal of General Psychology 2020; 148:431-450. [PMID: 32691689 DOI: 10.1080/00221309.2020.1795613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Despite the severity of the COVID-19 crisis, which has affected organizations worldwide, there is a lack of research on the organizational factors that affect the psychological wellbeing of the employees of an organization affected by the crisis. This research uses the case of employees at two international universities in Thailand that have been directly affected by the COVID-19 crisis. Grounded in social support theory and the job-demand resource model of job stress, this research examines the role of supervisor support in explaining the degree of perceived uncertainties and emotional exhaustion that employees experience due to the COVID-19 crisis. Moreover, this research examines whether the effect of supervisor support on the perceived uncertainties of employees can be moderated by organizational intransigence, that is, a prevailing climate of resistance to change at the workplace. The questionnaire survey data were obtained from a sample of 300 employees at two private international universities, and the partial least squares structural equation model was used for data analysis. The results significantly confirm that supervisor support has a negative effect on the perceived uncertainties of employees. Perceived uncertainties also significantly mediate the negative effect of supervisor support on the employees' emotional exhaustion. More importantly, the moderating effect analysis shows that the negative effect of supervisor support on the perceived uncertainties of employees presents only for employees who work in a workplace climate where there is low intransigence; in a workplace climate where there is high intransigence, supervisor support does not lower the perceived uncertainties of employees.
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Shailaja B, Shetty V, Chaudhury S, Thyloth M. Exploring cyberchondria and its associations in dental students amid COVID-19 infodemic. Ind Psychiatry J 2020; 29:257-267. [PMID: 34158710 PMCID: PMC8188915 DOI: 10.4103/ipj.ipj_212_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse psychological effect of pandemic includes not only increased levels of stress, anxiety, and depression but also cyberchondria - the problematic online health research behavior. It is thought that the distress and uncertainty of pandemic clubbed with information overload and its ambiguity have paved the way for cyberchondria. Students being the vulnerable population, the present study was an effort at understanding cyberchondria in students. AIM The aim of the study is to assess cyberchondria and its association with depression, anxiety, stress, and quality of life (QOL) in dental students during the pandemic. MATERIALS AND METHODS An online questionnaire-based survey was carried out on dental students. The survey tool comprised a semi-structured pro forma, General Health Questionnaire-12, Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale 21, Cyberchondria Severity Scale 15, and European Health Interview Survey QOL 8. RESULTS The study revealed that 98.7% of the students were affected by one of the constructs of cyberchondria, viz., "excessiveness" (93.7%), followed by "distress" (84.3%) and "reassurance"-seeking behavior (83.7%). Cyberchondria affected girls more than boys and shared robust positive correlation with depression, anxiety, and stress but not QOL. Factors such as stress, anxiety, QOL, and changes in appetite were associated with higher severity of depression. Family financial losses, preexisting psychiatric illness, and media adverse effect shared robust positive associations with severity of depression, anxiety, and stress and an inverse association with QOL. 76.0% of the students expressed excessive worries regarding missing out on clinical exposure, and nearly half of the students were dissatisfied with eLearning. 78.3% of the students experienced changes in sleep; 68.7% had changes in appetite; and 89.0% reported reduction in the level of physical activity. CONCLUSION Cyberchondria is affecting the large majority of students. Educational institutions must put efforts to sensitize students about cyberchondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Shailaja
- Department of Psychiatry, M. S. Ramaiah Medical College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Vibha Shetty
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Sciences, Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Suprakash Chaudhury
- Department of Psychiatry, Dr. DY Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Dr. DY Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Murali Thyloth
- Department of Psychiatry, M. S. Ramaiah Medical College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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447
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Idowu A, Akinola Olawuyi D, Nwadioke CO. Impacts of CoVID-19 Pandemic on the Psychological Well Being of Students in a Nigerian University. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL AND SURGICAL RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.46327/msrjg.1.000000000000173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The novel Covid-19 pandemic has caused disruption of several activities globally. It has resulted in lockdown of economic activities in most countries including Nigeria. The effects of the pandemic and the associated lockdown on the mental health status of Nigerian students have not taken into perspective in the control efforts.
This study was conducted to assess the burden of the psychological problems associated with COVID-19 pandemic and coping strategies among students at Bowen University, Iwo (BUI), Nigeria. A cross-sectional survey was conducted, and multi-stage sampling technique employed to recruit 433 eligible respondents. Validated online self-administered, semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect relevant information from respondents. Appropriate summary statistics were carried out, and Binary logistic regression model was developed to examine protective/risk-factors of decreased mental wellbeing among the respondents. Mean age of the respondents was 20.11 ± 2.9 years, almost three-quarter (72.7%) of them were females. In all, 55.0% of the respondents had decreased psychological wellbeing because of the lockdown. Protective factors against decreased mental wellbeing included online catting with friends/watching films (OR=0.22, 95%CI=1.37-3.59), and participating in online vocational training (OR=0.25, 95%CI=0.25-0.61). The odds of decreased mental wellbeing was significantly higher in students who indicated a need for substance use as coping strategy(OR=1.50, 95%CI=0.55-4.05), and those who were not satisfied with online teaching method (OR=5.34, 95%CI=4.13-9.18).The mental health impacts of COVID-19 on the Nigerian students is huge. Thus, psychological wellbeing of the Nigerian students should be taken into cognizance and prioritized in the post-COVID-19 national rebuilding strategies.
Keywords: Covid-19, Determinants, Depression, Mental wellbeing, Mental disorders, Suicide
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448
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Moris D, Schizas D. Lockdown During COVID-19: The Greek Success. In Vivo 2020; 34:1695-1699. [PMID: 32503831 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Coronavirus is an ongoing pandemic challenging health systems worldwide. The aim of this report was to evaluate the effectiveness of lockdown in different countries, highlighting the performance of Greek society and authorities. METHODS We analyzed publicly available data from the "Worldometer". We evaluated the efficacy of lockdown at one month after implementation. Delta Days (DD) referred to the difference in the days of reaching 1 case/million people to the adoption of lockdown. RESULTS Higher healthcare expenditure as % of the national GDP was not correlated with better 30-day mortality outcomes. DD index was significantly correlated to the incidence of COVID-19 per million people at 30 days (p-value=0.001). The correlation between DD and 30-day mortality was not statistically significant (p-value=0.087). CONCLUSION Early lockdown was proven to be the appropriate policy to limit the spread of COVID-19. Greece was a success story in preventing spread despite limited resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Moris
- First Department of Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Schizas
- First Department of Surgery, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laikon General Hospital, Athens, Greece
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449
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Abstract
This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. In March 2020, the United Kingdom declared a nationwide lockdown, a public health intervention in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, the increasing pressures on the country's publicly funded healthcare system, the National Health Service, required the early graduation of final year medical students so that they could join the workforce. Bristol Medical School responded to this health crisis by graduating 226 final year students. Since social distancing policies resulted in the prohibition of social gatherings, university graduation ceremonies were cancelled. The medical school felt it important to mark the students' qualification as these young doctors were to begin their careers amidst an unprecedented global health emergency. An online graduation ceremony was held on the video conferencing platform Zoom. This was attended by university staff and students from their homes across the UK and elsewhere in the world. Students commemorated their qualification by submitting photographs of themselves celebrating in homemade graduation robes and mortar boards which were included in the online event. The ceremony was a memorable occasion and created a sense of community in a time of social isolation. This novel situation gave rise to a unique celebration attracting media coverage and was reported on national TV and radio news bulletins along with newspapers. The structure for the online graduation ceremony outlined in this paper may be replicated for other graduation ceremonies or celebrations affected by the COVID-19 lockdown.
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Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the name given by the World Health Organization (WHO) to the highly contagious and infectious disease caused by the Novel Corona Virus or SARS-CoV-2, which was first reported on 31 December 2019 in Wuhan city of the capital of China's Hubei province. Due to the rapid increase in the number of infections worldwide, the WHO in March 2020, declared COVID-19 as a pandemic. Historically, first coronavirus had surfaced in 1965 with symptoms of common cold. Since then five different strands of this virus have emerged, most lethal of them was the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS), which infected about eight thousand people, killing ten percent of them. The COVID-19 is not the most deadly pandemic world has ever witnessed as the Spanish influenza pandemic, during 1918–19, killed more than fifty million people. Indeed COVID-19 has turned out to be the most lethal of all coronaviruses as it has infected at least three million people killing more than two hundred thousands of them in the first 4 months of its spread. Many politicians and social scientists have dubbed the depression, being caused by COVID-19, worse than that caused by the Second World War. In this article, we shall analyze economic, social, cultural, educational and political impact of the COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Yamin
- Faculty of Economics and Administration, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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