401
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Li R, Guo C, Wu X, Huang Z, Chen J. FGF21 functions as a sensitive biomarker of APAP-treated patients and mice. Oncotarget 2018; 8:44440-44446. [PMID: 28591702 PMCID: PMC5546492 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) is a common medication that induces hepatocellular damage in a time- or dose-dependent manner. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) exerts a series of biological effects, including cellular repair. Compared to clinical diagnosis parameters, we aimed to evaluate whether FGF21 can serve as a sensitive biomarker for APAP-induced liver impairment. In the present study, we discussed comparable data from APAP-treated patients and parallelly established APAP-exposed mice for investigation. The resulting human serological data showed that APAP-treated patients have a visible reduction of FGF21 expression in undetected liver impairment of clinical diagnosis. In the animal study, APAP-exposed livers exhibited normal metabolic functions and liver functions, as revealed by biochemical test and histopathological examination. Endogenous FGF21 concentrations in APAP-treated mice were decreased in sera and liver cells. Moreover, comparable immunoassay data showed that hepatocellular FGF21 expression was reduced in a time-dependent manner. Taken together, these findings elucidate the involvement of abnormal FGF21 expression in early APAP-induced liver impairment. Interestingly, FGF21 may be a promising biomarker of APAP-exposed livers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Li
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Microenvironmental Regulation, Guilin Medical University, Guangxi, Guilin 541004, PR China
| | - Chao Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Guigang City People's Hospital, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guigang, Guangxi 537100, PR China
| | - Xinmou Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, Nanning 530021, PR China
| | - Zhaoquan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Microenvironmental Regulation, Guilin Medical University, Guangxi, Guilin 541004, PR China.,Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guangxi, Guilin 541004, PR China
| | - Jian Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Microenvironmental Regulation, Guilin Medical University, Guangxi, Guilin 541004, PR China
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402
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Sabo S, Denman Champion C, Bell ML, Cornejo Vucovich E, Ingram M, Valenica C, Castro Vasquez MDC, Gonzalez-Fagoaga E, Geurnsey de Zapien J, Rosales CB. Meta Salud Diabetes study protocol: a cluster-randomised trial to reduce cardiovascular risk among a diabetic population of Mexico. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e020762. [PMID: 29530914 PMCID: PMC5857644 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-020762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Northern Mexico has among the highest rates of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes in the world. This research addresses core gaps in implementation science to develop, test and scale-up CVD risk-reduction interventions in diabetics through a national primary care health system. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The Meta Salud Diabetes (MSD) research project is a parallel two-arm cluster-randomised clinical behavioural trial based in 22 (n=22) health centres in Sonora, Mexico. MSD aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the MSD intervention for the secondary prevention of CVD risk factors among a diabetic population (n=320) compared with the study control of usual care. The MSD intervention consists of 2-hour class sessions delivered over a 13-week period providing educational information to encourage sustainable behavioural change to prevent disease complications including the adoption of physical activity. MSD is delivered within the context of Mexico's national primary care health centre system by health professionals, including nurses, physicians and community health workers via existing social support groups for individuals diagnosed with chronic disease. Mixed models are used to estimate the effect of MSD by comparing cardiovascular risk, as measured by the Framingham Risk Score, between the trial arms. Secondary outcomes include hypertension, behavioural risk factors and psychosocial factors. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This work is supported by the National Institutes of Health, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (1R01HL125996-01) and approved by the University of Arizona Research Institutional Review Board (Protocol 1508040144) and the Research Bioethics Committee at the University of Sonora. The first Internal Review Board approval date was 31 August 2015 with five subsequent approved amendments. This article refers to protocol V.0.2, dated 30 January 2017. Results will be disseminated via peer-reviewed publication and presentation at international conferences and will be shared through meetings with health systems officials. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT0280469; Pre-results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Sabo
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Mel & Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | | | - Melanie L Bell
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Elsa Cornejo Vucovich
- Center for Health and Society Studies, El Colegio de Sonora, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - Maia Ingram
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Mel & Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Celina Valenica
- Division of Public Health Practice & Translational Research, University of Arizona Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | | | - Eduardo Gonzalez-Fagoaga
- Division of Public Health Practice & Translational Research, University of Arizona Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Jill Geurnsey de Zapien
- Department of Health Promotion Sciences, Mel & Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Cecilia B Rosales
- Division of Public Health Practice & Translational Research, University of Arizona Mel and Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
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403
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Wang RF, Xue GF, Hölscher C, Tian MJ, Feng P, Zheng JY, Li DF. Post-treatment with the GLP-1 analogue liraglutide alleviate chronic inflammation and mitochondrial stress induced by Status epilepticus. Epilepsy Res 2018; 142:45-52. [PMID: 29549796 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2018.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2017] [Revised: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1) is a growth factor that has neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory properties. The protease resistant GLP-1 analogue liraglutide has been shown to be neuroprotective in previous studies in animal models of Alzheimer's disease or Parkinson's disease. Status epilepticus (SE) is a complex disorder, involving many underlying pathological processes, including excitotoxic and chronic inflammatory events. The present pilot study aims to investigate whether liraglutide alleviates the chronic inflammation response and mitochondrial stress induced by SE in the lithium-pilocarpine animal model. We found that treatment with 25nmol/kg. i.p. once-daily after the induction of SE for 7 days reduced chronic inflammation as shown by reduced numbers of activated microglia and astrocytes, and reduced levels of TNF-α and IL-1ß in the hippocampus. The mitochondrial stress marker BAX was reduced and the survival factor Bcl-2 was enhanced by liraglutide. Blood glucose levels were not affected by liraglutide. We show for the first time that liraglutide can reduce the chronic inflammation and mitochondrial stress induced by SE, and the results suggest that GLP-1 receptor agonists such as liraglutide have restorative and protective effects in the brain after SE and could serve as a potential treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Fang Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No. 382 Wuyi Road, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Guo-Fang Xue
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No. 382 Wuyi Road, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China.
| | - Christian Hölscher
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No. 382 Wuyi Road, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China; Division of Biomedical and Life Science, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA14YQ, UK
| | - Miao-Jing Tian
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No. 382 Wuyi Road, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Peng Feng
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No. 382 Wuyi Road, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Ji-Ying Zheng
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No. 382 Wuyi Road, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China
| | - Dong-Fang Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, No. 382 Wuyi Road, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi Province, China.
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404
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Li T, Jiao JJ, Hölscher C, Wu MN, Zhang J, Tong JQ, Dong XF, Qu XS, Cao Y, Cai HY, Su Q, Qi JS. A novel GLP-1/GIP/Gcg triagonist reduces cognitive deficits and pathology in the 3xTg mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Hippocampus 2018; 28:358-372. [PMID: 29473979 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.22837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is an important risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) have been identified to be effective in T2DM treatment and neuroprotection. In this study, we further explored the effects of a novel unimolecular GLP-1/GIP/Gcg triagonist on the cognitive behavior and cerebral pathology in the 7-month-old triple transgenic mouse model of AD (3xTg-AD), and investigated its possible electrophysiological and molecular mechanisms. After chronic administration of the GLP-1/GIP/Gcg triagonist (10 nmol/kg bodyweight, once daily, i.p.) for 30 days, open field, Y maze and Morris water maze tests were performed, followed by in vivo electrophysiological recording, immunofluorescence and Western blotting experiments. We found that the chronic treatment with the triagonist could improve long-term spatial memory of 3xTg-AD mice in Morris water maze, as well as the working memory in Y maze task. The triagonist also alleviated the suppression of long-term potentiation (LTP) in the CA1 region of hippocampus. In addition, the triagonist significantly reduced hippocampal pathological damages, including amyloid-β (Aβ) and phosphorylated tau aggregates, and upregulated the expression levels of S133 p-CREB, T286 p-CAMKII and S9 p-GSK3β in the hippocampus of the 3xTg-AD mice. These results demonstrate for the first time that the novel GLP-1/GIP/Gcg triagonist is efficacious in ameliorating cognitive deficits and pathological damages of 3xTg-AD mice, suggesting that the triagonist might be potentially beneficial in the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Li
- Department of Neurobiology and National Key Discipline of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, PR China
| | - Juan-Juan Jiao
- Department of Neurobiology and National Key Discipline of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, PR China
| | - Christian Hölscher
- Division of Biomed and Life Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom
| | - Mei-Na Wu
- Department of Neurobiology and National Key Discipline of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, PR China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology and National Key Discipline of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, PR China
| | - Jia-Qing Tong
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226
| | - Xue-Fan Dong
- Department of Neurobiology and National Key Discipline of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, PR China
| | - Xue-Song Qu
- Department of Neurobiology and National Key Discipline of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, PR China
| | - Yue Cao
- Department of Neurobiology and National Key Discipline of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, PR China
| | - Hong-Yan Cai
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, PR China
| | - Qiang Su
- Department of Neurology, First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, 030001, PR China
| | - Jin-Shun Qi
- Department of Neurobiology and National Key Discipline of Physiology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, PR China
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405
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de Morais SDB, Shanks J, Zucker IH. Integrative Physiological Aspects of Brain RAS in Hypertension. Curr Hypertens Rep 2018; 20:10. [PMID: 29480460 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-018-0810-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays an important role in modulating cardiovascular function and fluid homeostasis. While the systemic actions of the RAS are widely accepted, the role of the RAS in the brain, its regulation of cardiovascular function, and sympathetic outflow remain controversial. In this report, we discuss the current understanding of central RAS on blood pressure (BP) regulation, in light of recent literature and new experimental techniques. RECENT FINDINGS Studies using neuronal or glial-specifc mouse models have allowed for greater understanding into the site-specific expression and role centrally expressed RAS proteins have on BP regulation. While all components of the RAS have been identified in cardiovascular regulatory regions of the brain, their actions may be site specific. In a number of animal models of hypertension, reduction in Ang II-mediated signaling, or upregulation of the central ACE2/Ang 1-7 pathway, has been shown to reduce BP, via a reduction in sympathetic signaling and increase parasympathetic tone, respectively. Emerging evidence also suggests that, in part, the female protective phenotype against hypertension may be due to inceased ACE2 activity within cardiovascular regulatory regions of the brain, potentially mediated by estrogen. Increasing evidence suggests the importance of a central renin-angiotensin pathway, although its localization and the mechanisms involved in its expression and regulation still need to be clarified and more precisely defined. All reported studies/experiments with human or animal subjects performed by the authors have been previously published and complied with all applicable ethical standards (including the Helsinki declaration and its amendments, institutional/national research committee standards, and international/national/institutional guidelines).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon D B de Morais
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5850, USA
| | - Julia Shanks
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5850, USA
| | - Irving H Zucker
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-5850, USA.
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406
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Griffith CM, Eid T, Rose GM, Patrylo PR. Evidence for altered insulin receptor signaling in Alzheimer's disease. Neuropharmacology 2018; 136:202-215. [PMID: 29353052 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological data have shown that metabolic disease can increase the propensity for developing cognitive decline and dementia, particularly Alzheimer's disease (AD). While this interaction is not completely understood, clinical studies suggest that both hyper- and hypoinsulinemia are associated with an increased risk for developing AD. Indeed, insulin signaling is altered in post-mortem brain tissue from AD patients and treatments known to enhance insulin signaling can improve cognitive function. Further, clinical evidence has shown that AD patients and mouse models of AD often display alterations in peripheral metabolism. Since insulin is primarily derived from the periphery, it is likely that changes in peripheral insulin levels lead to alterations in central nervous system (CNS) insulin signaling and could contribute to cognitive decline and pathogenesis. Developing a better understanding of the relationship between alterations in peripheral metabolism and cognitive function might provide a foundation for the development of better treatment options for patients with AD. In this article we will begin to piece together the present data defining this relationship by briefly discussing insulin signaling in the periphery and CNS, its role in cognitive function, insulin's relationship to AD, peripheral metabolic alterations in mouse models of AD and how information from these models helps understand the mechanisms through which these changes potentially lead to impairments in insulin signaling in the CNS, and potential ways to target insulin signaling that could improve cognitive function in AD. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'Metabolic Impairment as Risk Factors for Neurodegenerative Disorders.'
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea M Griffith
- Department of Physiology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA; Center for Integrated Research in Cognitive and Neural Sciences, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, IL 62901, USA
| | - Tore Eid
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Gregory M Rose
- Department of Physiology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA; Department of Anatomy, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA; Center for Integrated Research in Cognitive and Neural Sciences, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, IL 62901, USA
| | - Peter R Patrylo
- Department of Physiology, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA; Department of Anatomy, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL 62901, USA; Center for Integrated Research in Cognitive and Neural Sciences, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, IL 62901, USA.
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407
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Neuroprotective effects of a triple GLP-1/GIP/glucagon receptor agonist in the APP/PS1 transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Brain Res 2018; 1678:64-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2017.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 10/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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408
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Blood-Brain Glucose Transfer in Alzheimer's disease: Effect of GLP-1 Analog Treatment. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17490. [PMID: 29235507 PMCID: PMC5727512 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17718-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There are fewer than normal glucose transporters at the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). When reduced expression of transporters aggravates the symptoms of AD, the transporters become a potential target of therapy. The incretin hormone GLP-1 prevents the decline of cerebral metabolic rate for glucose (CMRglc) in AD, and GLP-1 may serve to raise transporter numbers. We hypothesized that the GLP-1 analog liraglutide would prevent the decline of CMRglc in AD by raising blood-brain glucose transfer, depending on the duration of disease. We randomized 38 patients with AD to treatment with liraglutide (n = 18) or placebo (n = 20) for 6 months, and determined the blood-brain glucose transfer capacity (Tmax) in the two groups and a healthy age matched control group (n = 6). In both AD groups at baseline, Tmax estimates correlated inversely with the duration of AD, as did the estimates of CMRglc that in turn were positively correlated with cognition. The GLP-1 analog treatment, compared to placebo, highly significantly raised the Tmax estimates of cerebral cortex from 0.72 to 1.1 umol/g/min, equal to Tmax estimates in healthy volunteers. The result is consistent with the claim that GLP-1 analog treatment restores glucose transport at the BBB.
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409
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Goetze JP, Hansen CP, Rehfeld JF. Acute effects of N-terminal progastrin fragments on gastric acid secretion in man. Physiol Rep 2017; 5:5/5/e13164. [PMID: 28275110 PMCID: PMC5350173 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 01/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously identified an N‐terminal fragment of progastrin in human antrum and plasma, where it circulates in high concentrations. In this study, we examined the effects of N‐terminal progastrin fragments on gastric acid secretion by infusion in healthy individuals. Increasing doses of progastrin fragment 1‐35 were infused intravenously during constant gastric acid stimulation by gastrin‐17. In addition, the effects of progastrin fragment 1‐35, fragment 6‐35, and fragment 1‐19 on gastrin‐17 stimulated acid secretion were tested. The gastrin‐17 stimulated acid secretion decreased 30% after administration of a high dose of progastrin fragment 1‐35 (P < 0.05). In extension, a 1‐h infusion of fragment 1‐35 also decreased gastric acid output. In contrast, fragment 6‐35 did not affect acid secretion, and a single infusion of gastrin‐17 alone did not reveal fading of gastric acid output during the time course of the experiments. The results show that N‐terminal fragments of progastrin may acutely affect gastrin‐stimulated gastric acid secretion in vivo. Structure‐function analysis suggests that the N‐terminal pentapeptide of progastrin is required for the effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens P Goetze
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carsten P Hansen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Rigshospitalet University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens F Rehfeld
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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410
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Ingawale DK, Patel SS. Hecogenin exhibits anti-arthritic activity in rats through suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in Complete Freund's adjuvant-induced arthritis. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2017; 40:59-71. [PMID: 29192804 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2017.1405439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Hecogenin is a steroidal sapogenin isolated from the leaves of Agave genus species that plays an important role in the treatment of a variety of inflammatory diseases. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the anti-arthritic activity of hecogenin in Complete Freund's adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats. The hecogenin (40 µl of 50 µg/kg, orally) and hecogenin + fluticasone (40 µl of 25 µg/kg, each, orally) was tested against Complete Freund's adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats by evaluating various parameters such as paw volume, arthritic score, joint diameter, spleen weight, thymus weight, haematological and biochemical parameters and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Histopathological and radiological analyzes of ankle joints were also carried out. Treatment of rats with hecogenin and its combination elicited significant reduction in paw edema, arthritic score and joint diameter. Hecogenin and its combination also inhibited joint destruction in histopathological and radiological analyzes of ankle joint. Hecogenin and its combination significantly increased the levels of red blood cells and hemoglobin but decreased the white blood cell count. The anti-arthritic activity was also confirmed with the change in biochemical parameters and myeloperoxidase assay. In the present investigation, hecogenin and its combination prevent destruction of cartilage and protect synovial membrane with improving health status through haematonic properties and down regulation of various cytokines. Hence, hecogenin may be a potential therapeutic candidate for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa K Ingawale
- a Institute of Pharmacy , Nirma University , Ahmedabad , Gujarat , India.,b Sinhgad Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Pune , Maharashtra , India
| | - Snehal S Patel
- a Institute of Pharmacy , Nirma University , Ahmedabad , Gujarat , India
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411
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Mukherjee AA, Kandhare AD, Bodhankar SL. Elucidation of protective efficacy of Pentahydroxy flavone isolated from Madhuca indica against arsenite-induced cardiomyopathy: Role of Nrf-2, PPAR-γ, c-fos and c-jun. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2017; 56:172-185. [PMID: 28942082 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2017.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 07/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Madhuca indica J. F. Gmel. (Sapotaceae) is widely used ethnobotanically as anti-diabetic, antipyretic, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory and analgesic. It was shown to possess potent anti-apoptotic property. THE AIM OF THE STUDY To evaluate the possible mechanism of action of isolated phytoconstituent from Madhuca indica Leaves methanolic extract (MI-ALC) on arsenic-induced cardiotoxicity in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS The 3,5,7,3',4'-Pentahydroxy flavone (QTN) was isolated and characterized by using HPTLC, 1H NMR, and LC-MS from MI-ALC. QTN (5, 10 and 20mg/kg, p.o.) was administered in arsenic intoxicated rats (5mL/kg, p.o.) for 28days and evaluated for various behavioral, biochemical, molecular and ultra-histological changes. RESULTS Treatment with QTN (10 and 20mg/kg, p.o.) significantly inhibited (p<0.05) arsenic-induced electrocardiographic, hemodynamic and left ventricular function alterations. Elevated levels of cardiac markers (LDH, CK-MB, AST, ALT, and ALP), altered lipid metabolism (total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, HDL, and VLDL) was significantly restored (p<0.05) by QTN. It also significantly inhibited (p<0.05) altered cardiac oxido-nitrosative stress, Na-K-ATPase level and mitochondrial enzymes (I-IV) activity after arsenite administration. QTN significantly increased (p<0.05) myocardial Nrf-2, PPAR-γ and significantly decreased (p<0.05) myocardial c-fos and c-jun mRNA expressions. Flow cytometric analysis showed that treatment with QTN (10 and 20mg/kg) significantly inhibited (p<0.05) arsenite-induce ROS and apoptosis. It also reduced ultra-histological aberrations induced by sodium arsenite. CONCLUSION Administration of 3,5,7,3',4'- Pentahydroxy flavone (i.e. Quercetin (QTN)) isolated from MI-ALC showed significant protection against arsenic-induced oxido-nitrosative stress and myocardial injury via modulation of Nrf2, PPAR-γ, and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwesha A Mukherjee
- Department of Pharmacology, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Erandwane, Pune, Maharashtra 411038, India
| | - Amit D Kandhare
- Department of Pharmacology, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Erandwane, Pune, Maharashtra 411038, India
| | - Subhash L Bodhankar
- Department of Pharmacology, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Erandwane, Pune, Maharashtra 411038, India.
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412
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Malihi Z, Wu Z, MM Lawes C, Scragg R. Noncalcemic adverse effects and withdrawals in randomized controlled trials of long-term vitamin D2 or D3 supplementation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr Rev 2017; 75:1007-1034. [DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nux059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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413
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Mizia-Stec K, Bochenek T, Kusz B, Mizia-Szubryt M, Sikora-Puz A, Gieszczyk-Strózik K. Severe degenerative aortic stenosis with preserved ejection fraction does not change adipokines serum levels. Cardiol J 2017; 26:483-492. [PMID: 29168539 DOI: 10.5603/cj.a2017.0135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of the adipokines in the pathogenesis of aortic stenosis (AS) is not well established. The aim was to evaluate the relationship between adipokines and clinical characteristics as well as echocardiographic indices and noninvasive markers of vascular remodeling in patients with severe AS with preserved ejection fraction (EF). METHODS Sixty-five patients (F/M: 38/27; age: 68.3 ± 9.0 years; body mass index [BMI]: 29.6 ± 4.3 kg/m2) with severe AS with preserved EF: 33 patients with paradoxical low-flow low-gradient AS (PLFLG AS) and 32 patients with normal flow high-gradient AS (NFHG AS) were prospectively enrolled into the study. Twenty-four subjects (F/M: 14/10; age: 65.4 ± 8.7 years; BMI: 29.6 ± 4.3 kg/m2) who matched as to age, sex, BMI and coronary artery disease (CAD) constituted the control group (CG). Clinical data and markers of vascular remodeling were related to the serum adipokines. RESULTS There were no differences in the adipokines concentrations in the AS/CG. Patients with AS and coexisting CAD were characterized by decreased serum adiponectin (9.9 ± 5.5 vs. 12.7 ± 5.8 μg/mL, p = 0.040) and leptin (8.3 ± 7.8 vs. 21.6 ± 17.1 ng/mL, p < 0.001) levels compared to subjects without CAD. There were no differences in the serum adipokines concentrations between patients with PLFLG AS and NFHG AS. Systemic hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia or markers of vascular remodeling did not discriminate adipokines concentrations. Multivariate regression analysis indicated that age (F = 3.02; p = 0.015) and E/E' index (F = 0.87, p = 0.032) were independent predictors of the adiponectin level in the AS group. CONCLUSIONS The presence of AS with preserved EF did not change the adipokine serum profile. Adipokines levels were modified by coexisting atherosclerosis but not the typical cardiovascular risk factors or the hemodynamic type of AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Mizia-Stec
- First Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice Poland
| | - Tomasz Bochenek
- First Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice Poland.
| | - Błażej Kusz
- First Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice Poland
| | - Magdalena Mizia-Szubryt
- First Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice Poland
| | - Agnieszka Sikora-Puz
- Second Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice Poland
| | - Klaudia Gieszczyk-Strózik
- First Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice Poland
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Traish AM. Benefits and Health Implications of Testosterone Therapy in Men With Testosterone Deficiency. Sex Med Rev 2017; 6:86-105. [PMID: 29128268 DOI: 10.1016/j.sxmr.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Testosterone (T) deficiency (TD; hypogonadism) has deleterious effects on men's health; negatively affects glycometabolic and cardiometabolic functions, body composition, and bone mineral density; contributes to anemia and sexual dysfunction; and lowers quality of life. T therapy (TTh) has been used for the past 8 decades to treat TD, with positive effects on signs and symptoms of TD. AIM To summarize the health benefits of TTh in men with TD. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was carried out using PubMed, articles relevant to TTh were accessed and evaluated, and a comprehensive summary was synthesized. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Improvements in signs and symptoms of TD reported in observational studies, registries, clinical trials, and meta-analyses were reviewed and summarized. RESULTS A large body of evidence provides significant valuable information pertaining to the therapeutic value of TTh in men with TD. TTh in men with TD provides real health benefits for bone mineral density, anemia, sexual function, glycometabolic and cardiometabolic function, and improvements in body composition, anthropometric parameters, and quality of life. CONCLUSION TTh in the physiologic range for men with TD is a safe and effective therapeutic modality and imparts great benefits on men's health and quality of life. Traish AM. Benefits and Health Implications of Testosterone Therapy in Men With Testosterone Deficiency. Sex Med Rev 2018;6:86-105.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulmaged M Traish
- Department of Urology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boson, MA, USA.
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415
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Copeptin in heart failure: Review and meta-analysis. Clin Chim Acta 2017; 475:36-43. [PMID: 28982590 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to explore the prognostic value of copeptin for predicting all-cause mortality in heart failure (HF). METHODS PubMed, Embase and Cochrane databases were systematically searched to identify if a 2×2 contingency table could be constructed based on both the copeptin level and the all-cause mortality in patients diagnosed with HF. The characteristics of test performance were summarized using forest plots and summary receiver operating characteristic curves (SROC). Q-test and I2 index were used to evaluate heterogeneity. RESULTS Ten prospective cohort studies comprising 4473 patients were eligible in this meta-analysis. An elevated copeptin level was associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality in HF patients (Relative risk (RR) was 2.64 (95% CI, 2.09-3.32)). The pooled sensitivity (SEN) and specificity (SPE) of copeptin were 0.57 (95% CI, 0.50-0.63) and 0.74 (95% CI, 0.69-0.79), respectively. The positive likelihood ratio was 2.2 (95% CI, 1.90-2.60) and the negative likelihood ratio was 0.58 (95% CI, 0.52-0.66). Furthermore, the summary Diagnostic Odds Ratio (DOR) was 4.00 (95% CI, 3.00-5.00) and the AUC was 0.70 (95% CI, 0.66-0.74) similar to the AUC of NT-proBNP 0.71 (95% CI, 0.67-0.75). CONCLUSIONS Elevated levels of copeptin are associated with all-cause mortality in HF patients. The predictive value of copeptin is comparable with NT-proBNP for all-cause mortality in HF patients. Further studies are warranted to explore the prognostic value of copeptin in conjunction with other biomarkers and to determine an optimal cut-off level.
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416
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Yuan Z, Li D, Feng P, Xue G, Ji C, Li G, Hölscher C. A novel GLP-1/GIP dual agonist is more effective than liraglutide in reducing inflammation and enhancing GDNF release in the MPTP mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 812:82-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Antinozzi C, Marampon F, Corinaldesi C, Vicini E, Sgrò P, Vannelli GB, Lenzi A, Crescioli C, Di Luigi L. Testosterone insulin-like effects: an in vitro study on the short-term metabolic effects of testosterone in human skeletal muscle cells. J Endocrinol Invest 2017; 40:1133-1143. [PMID: 28508346 PMCID: PMC5610223 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-017-0686-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Testosterone by promoting different metabolic pathways contributes to short-term homeostasis of skeletal muscle, the largest insulin-sensitive tissue and the primary site for insulin-stimulated glucose utilization. Despite evidences indicate a close relationship between testosterone and glucose metabolism, the molecular mechanisms responsible for a possible testosterone-mediated insulin-like effects on skeletal muscle are still unknown. METHODS Here we used undifferentiated proliferating or differentiated human fetal skeletal muscle cells (Hfsmc) to investigate the short-term effects of testosterone on the insulin-mediated biomolecular metabolic machinery. GLUT4 cell expression, localization and the phosphorylation/activation of AKT, ERK, mTOR and GSK3β insulin-related pathways at different time points after treatment with testosterone were analyzed. RESULTS Independently from cells differentiation status, testosterone, with an insulin-like effect, induced Glut4-mRNA expression, GLUT4 protein translocation to the cytoplasmic membrane, while no effect was observed on GLUT4 protein expression levels. Furthermore, testosterone treatment modulated the insulin-dependent signal transduction pathways inducing a rapid and persistent activation of AKT, ERK and mTOR, and a transient inhibition of GSK3β. T-related effects were shown to be androgen receptor dependent. CONCLUSION All together our data indicate that testosterone through the activation of non-genomic pathways, participates in skeletal muscle glucose metabolism by inducing insulin-related effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Antinozzi
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences Section of Health Sciences, Unit of Endocrinology, Università degli Studi di Roma "Foro Italico", 00135, Rome, Italy
| | - F Marampon
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences Section of Health Sciences, Unit of Endocrinology, Università degli Studi di Roma "Foro Italico", 00135, Rome, Italy
| | - C Corinaldesi
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences Section of Health Sciences, Unit of Endocrinology, Università degli Studi di Roma "Foro Italico", 00135, Rome, Italy
| | - E Vicini
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopedic Sciences-Section of Histology and Medical Embryology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - P Sgrò
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences Section of Health Sciences, Unit of Endocrinology, Università degli Studi di Roma "Foro Italico", 00135, Rome, Italy
| | - G B Vannelli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - A Lenzi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - C Crescioli
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences Section of Health Sciences, Unit of Endocrinology, Università degli Studi di Roma "Foro Italico", 00135, Rome, Italy.
| | - L Di Luigi
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences Section of Health Sciences, Unit of Endocrinology, Università degli Studi di Roma "Foro Italico", 00135, Rome, Italy
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Kim YG, Yoon D, Park S, Han SJ, Kim DJ, Lee KW, Park RW, Kim HJ. Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitors and Risk of Heart Failure in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Population-Based Cohort Study. Circ Heart Fail 2017; 10:CIRCHEARTFAILURE.117.003957. [PMID: 28899989 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.117.003957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between dipeptidyl-peptidase IV inhibitors (DPP-4i) and heart failure (HF) remains unclear. In 1 randomized controlled trial and some observational studies, DPP-4i reportedly increased the risk of HF, but 2 other randomized controlled trials and observational studies have shown no such risk. Here, we evaluated the risk of HF and cardiovascular outcomes of DPP-4i compared with sulfonylureas. METHODS AND RESULTS A population-based retrospective cohort study was conducted using the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service database from January 1, 2009, to December 31, 2015. Incident users of sulfonylurea and DPP-4i who were not prescribed the comparator drug in the year before treatment initiation were included. DPP-4i-treated and sulfonylurea-treated patients were matched on propensity score, calculated with >40 variables. The risk of hospitalization for HF was evaluated with a Cox proportional hazards model in 255 691 matched pairs. Analyses were conducted in the total patient population and in both strata divided by the presence of cardiovascular disease during the baseline period. The hazard ratios (HRs) of hospitalization for HF for DPP-4i-treated patients were 0.78 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.67-0.86) in all of the patients, 0.77 (95% CI, 0.68-0.79) in patients with baseline cardiovascular disease, and 0.71 (95% CI, 0.56-0.90) in patients without baseline cardiovascular disease compared with HRs for sulfonylurea-treated patients. Sitagliptin and linagliptin showed statistically lower risk for hospitalization for HF (HR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.67-0.86 for sitagliptin-prescribed patients; HR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.59-0.92 for linagliptin-prescribed patients) than for sulfonylurea. The HRs for hospitalization for myocardial infarction and stroke with the use of a DPP-4i versus sulfonylurea were HR, 0.76 (95% CI, 0.67-0.87) and HR, 0.63 (95% CI, 0.60-0.67), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that DPP-4i use did not increase the risk of HF compared with sulfonylurea. In addition, the risks for cardiovascular outcomes were not elevated in DPP-4i-treated patients compared with sulfonylurea-treated patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Gun Kim
- From the Department of Biomedical Informatics (Y.-G.K., D.Y., S.P., R.W.P.), Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (S.J.H., D.J.K., K.-W. L., H.J.K.), and Department of Biomedical Sciences (R.W.P.), Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea; and Department of Statistics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea (S.P.)
| | - Dukyong Yoon
- From the Department of Biomedical Informatics (Y.-G.K., D.Y., S.P., R.W.P.), Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (S.J.H., D.J.K., K.-W. L., H.J.K.), and Department of Biomedical Sciences (R.W.P.), Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea; and Department of Statistics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea (S.P.)
| | - Sooyoung Park
- From the Department of Biomedical Informatics (Y.-G.K., D.Y., S.P., R.W.P.), Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (S.J.H., D.J.K., K.-W. L., H.J.K.), and Department of Biomedical Sciences (R.W.P.), Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea; and Department of Statistics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea (S.P.)
| | - Seung Jin Han
- From the Department of Biomedical Informatics (Y.-G.K., D.Y., S.P., R.W.P.), Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (S.J.H., D.J.K., K.-W. L., H.J.K.), and Department of Biomedical Sciences (R.W.P.), Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea; and Department of Statistics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea (S.P.)
| | - Dae Jung Kim
- From the Department of Biomedical Informatics (Y.-G.K., D.Y., S.P., R.W.P.), Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (S.J.H., D.J.K., K.-W. L., H.J.K.), and Department of Biomedical Sciences (R.W.P.), Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea; and Department of Statistics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea (S.P.)
| | - Kwan-Woo Lee
- From the Department of Biomedical Informatics (Y.-G.K., D.Y., S.P., R.W.P.), Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (S.J.H., D.J.K., K.-W. L., H.J.K.), and Department of Biomedical Sciences (R.W.P.), Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea; and Department of Statistics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea (S.P.)
| | - Rae Woong Park
- From the Department of Biomedical Informatics (Y.-G.K., D.Y., S.P., R.W.P.), Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (S.J.H., D.J.K., K.-W. L., H.J.K.), and Department of Biomedical Sciences (R.W.P.), Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea; and Department of Statistics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea (S.P.).
| | - Hae Jin Kim
- From the Department of Biomedical Informatics (Y.-G.K., D.Y., S.P., R.W.P.), Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism (S.J.H., D.J.K., K.-W. L., H.J.K.), and Department of Biomedical Sciences (R.W.P.), Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea; and Department of Statistics, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea (S.P.).
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419
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Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potential of Guaianolide isolated from Cyathocline purpurea: Role of COX-2 inhibition. Int Immunopharmacol 2017; 52:110-118. [PMID: 28888779 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2017] [Revised: 08/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation activated by oxidative stress can cause various diseases, such as asthma, rheumatoid arthritis, cancer, diabetes, etc. Plant constituents with sesquiterpene lactones possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. AIM To determine the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential of isolated phytoconstituent from Cyathocline purpurea Buch-Ham ex D (CP). Don in laboratory animals. Furthermore, to understand the interactions involved in the binding of this compound to cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) via computational docking. METHODS Phytoconstituent was isolated, purified and well characterized (using IR, NMR, and MS) from ethyl acetate fraction of CP methanolic extract. It was then evaluated for its in-vitro antioxidant activity against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and hydroxyl (OH) radical assays as well as in-vivo anti-inflammatory potential against carrageenan-induced paw edema model in rats. The molecular docking study was performed against the crystal structure of COX-2 to evaluate the binding potential of phytoconstituent towards this enzyme. RESULTS The isolated compound 6α-hydroxy-4 [14], 10 [15]-guainadien-8α, 12-olide (HGN) showed significant (p<0.001) antioxidant activity with IC50 values of 76μg/mL. Administration of HGN (10 and 20mg/kg) significantly (p<0.001) reduced the increased paw volume after subplantar administration of carrageenan. It also exhibits good binding affinity towards with COX-2 with a docking score of -8.98 and Glide binding energy of -36.488kcal/mol shedding light on the potential mechanism of anti-inflammatory action. CONCLUSIONS The presence of hydroxyl group in HGN provides a credential to its in-vivo anti-inflammatory and in-vitro antioxidant activities. Furthermore, the good binding affinity of HGN for the active site of COX-2 may open novel vistas in therapeutic option with natural antioxidants like Cyathocline purpurea to treat various inflammatory disorders.
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420
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Hardman TC, Serginson JM. Ready! Aim! Fire! targeting the right medical science journal. Cardiovasc Endocrinol 2017; 6:95-100. [PMID: 28884050 PMCID: PMC5567399 DOI: 10.1097/xce.0000000000000083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Inadvertently submitting a paper to a journal that is unlikely to publish it is a waste of resources and ultimately delays dissemination of one's research. A high proportion of manuscripts are rejected by their author's first-choice journal. The aim of the present work was to review guidance provided within the literature for journal selection that might minimize the chance of manuscript rejection. We also consider papers that encompass more than one main medical science and describe the selection process that we used with a paper that was published in Cardiovascular Endocrinology. METHODS A database search (Embase, PubMed and Medworm) was performed for all articles published in the scientific literature providing guidance on journal selection. Articles were identified that either had journal selection as their principal topic or included journal selection as part of a broader discussion of publishing. The relative performance of four free-to-use, web-based applications that claim to provide guidance on journal selection was compared. RESULTS The searches identified 286 hits, of which 249 were in English. Of these papers, 16 discussed journal selection and a further 10 articles were identified from citations within the original 16 articles. Only one article described a comprehensive model for submission decision-making. Identification of appropriate candidate journals by various web-based applications was erratic, with the Jane database providing the most robust suggestions. CONCLUSION Our work suggests that little attention has been focused in the scientific literature on the mechanisms that authors use to select a journal for their work. Nevertheless, scientists for the most part seem to have a good sense of where their papers are most likely to be accepted. Beyond ensuring that a manuscript fulfils all the target journal's requirements, the literature suggests that it is important to have an objective view of the scientific contribution or 'value' of your work.
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421
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Jamar G, de Almeida FR, Gagliardi A, Sobral MR, Ping CT, Sperandio E, Romiti M, Arantes R, Dourado VZ. Evaluation of waist-to-height ratio as a predictor of insulin resistance in non-diabetic obese individuals. A cross-sectional study. SAO PAULO MED J 2017; 135:462-468. [PMID: 29116305 PMCID: PMC10027251 DOI: 10.1590/1516-3180.2016.0358280417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin resistance (IR) and progressive pancreatic β-cell dysfunction have been identified as the two fundamental features in the pathogenesis of obesity and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. We aimed to investigate correlations between anthropometric indices of obesity and IR in non-diabetic obese individuals, and the cutoff value from receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. DESIGN AND SETTING Cross-sectional study conducted in a private clinic. METHODS We included obese individuals (body mass index, BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) with no diabetes mellitus (fasting glucose levels ≤ 126 mg/dl). The participants were evaluated for the presence of cardiovascular risk factors and through anthropometric measurements and biochemical tests. Furthermore, IR was assessed indirectly using the homeostatic model assessment (HOMA)-IR and HOMA-β indexes. The area underthe curve (AUC) of the variables was compared.The sensitivity, specificity and cutoff of each variable for diagnosing IR were calculated. RESULTS The most promising anthropometric parameters for indicating IR in non-diabetic obese individuals were waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), waist circumference (WC) and BMI. WHtR proved to be an independent predictor of IR, with risk increased by 0.53% in HOMA-IR, 5.3% in HOMA-β and 1.14% in insulin. For HOMA-IR, WHtR had the highest AUC value (0.98), followed by WC (0.93) and BMI (0.81). For HOMA-β, WHtR also had the highest AUC value (0.83), followed by WC (0.75) and BMI (0.73).The optimal WHtR cutoff was 0.65 for HOMA-IR and 0.67 for HOMA-β. CONCLUSION Among anthropometric obesity indicators, WHtR was most closely associated with occurrences of IR and predicted the onset of diabetes in obese individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovana Jamar
- MSc. Doctoral Student, Department of Biosciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), Santos, São Paulo (SP), Brazil.
| | - Flávio Rossi de Almeida
- PT, MSc. Doctoral Student, Department of Human Movement Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), Santos, São Paulo (SP), Brazil.
| | - Antonio Gagliardi
- MD, PhD. Researcher, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Angiocorpore Instituto de Medicina Cardiovascular, Santos, São Paulo (SP), Brazil.
| | - Marianna Ribeiro Sobral
- BM. Master’s Student, Postgraduate Program on Food, Nutrition and Health, Federal University of São Paulo (Unifesp), Santos, São Paulo (SP), Brazil.
| | - Chao Tsai Ping
- Physiotherapist, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), Santos, São Paulo (SP), Brazil.
| | - Evandro Sperandio
- PT, PhD. Associate Professor, Laboratory of Epidemiology and Human Movement, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), Santos, São Paulo (SP), Brazil.
| | - Marcelo Romiti
- MD, PhD. Researcher, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Angiocorpore Instituto de Medicina Cardiovascular, Santos, São Paulo (SP), Brazil.
| | - Rodolfo Arantes
- MD, PhD. Researcher, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Angiocorpore Instituto de Medicina Cardiovascular, Santos, São Paulo (SP), Brazil.
| | - Victor Zuniga Dourado
- PT, PhD. Associate Professor, Department of Human Movement Sciences, and Managing Professor, Laboratory of Epidemiology and Human Movement, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Unifesp), Santos, São Paulo (SP), Brazil.
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Synthesis and biological investigation of tetrahydropyridopyrimidinone derivatives as potential multireceptor atypical antipsychotics. Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 25:4904-4916. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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423
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Mukherjee AA, Kandhare AD, Rojatkar SR, Bodhankar SL. Ameliorative effects of Artemisia pallens in a murine model of ovalbumin-induced allergic asthma via modulation of biochemical perturbations. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 94:880-889. [PMID: 28810518 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Asthma is a chronic, heterogeneous airway disorder characterized by airway inflammatory and remodeling. Artemisia pallens has been reported to possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and Anti-allergic potential. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the anti-asthmatic effects of methanolic extract of Artemisia pallens (APME) against ovalbumin (OVA)-induced airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) in rats. MATERIALS AND METHOD AHR was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats (180-200g) by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of OVA and boosted with an identical OVA solution (s.c.) on day 7. Rats were either treated orally with vehicle (10mg/kg), montelukast (10mg/kg) or APME (100, 200 and 400mg/kg) for next 28days. At the end treatments, various biochemical, molecular (RT-PCR and ELISA analysis) and histological parameters were evaluated. RESULTS APME (200 and 400mg/kg) significantly attenuated (p<0.05) OVA-induced alteration in lung functions measured by Whole-body plethysmography. Increased Bronchoalveolar Lavage (BAL) fluid differential cell count, as well as total protein and albumin in BAL fluid and lungs, was significantly decreased (p<0.05) by APME. It also significantly attenuated (p<0.05) elevated lung oxido-nitrosative stress, myeloperoxidase, and serum IgE levels. OVA-induced down-regulation in lung Nrf2 and upregulation in TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, TGF-β mRNA expression was significantly attenuated (p<0.05) by APME (200 and 400mg/kg) treatment. Histopathological analysis of lung tissue showed that APME treatment reduced OVA-induced inflammatory influx and fibrosis. CONCLUSION Artemisia pallens simultaneously orchestrate plethora of mechanisms viz. modulations of IgE, TGF-β, TNF-α, IL's and Nrf-2 levels to exhibit its anti-asthmatic potential in OVA-induced AHR in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwesha A Mukherjee
- Department of Pharmacology, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Erandwane, Paud Road, Pune, 411 038, India
| | - Amit D Kandhare
- Department of Pharmacology, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Erandwane, Paud Road, Pune, 411 038, India
| | - Supada R Rojatkar
- R&D Centre in Pharmaceutical Sciences and Applied Chemistry, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Subhash L Bodhankar
- Department of Pharmacology, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Erandwane, Paud Road, Pune, 411 038, India.
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Ghosh A, Gao L, Thakur A, Siu PM, Lai CWK. Role of free fatty acids in endothelial dysfunction. J Biomed Sci 2017; 24:50. [PMID: 28750629 PMCID: PMC5530532 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-017-0357-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasma free fatty acids levels are increased in subjects with obesity and type 2 diabetes, playing detrimental roles in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases. Increasing evidence showing that dysfunction of the vascular endothelium, the inner lining of the blood vessels, is the key player in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. In this review, we aimed to summarize the roles and the underlying mechanisms using the evidence collected from clinical and experimental studies about free fatty acid-mediated endothelial dysfunction. Because of the multifaceted roles of plasma free fatty acids in mediating endothelial dysfunction, elevated free fatty acid level is now considered as an important link in the onset of endothelial dysfunction due to metabolic syndromes such as diabetes and obesity. Free fatty acid-mediated endothelial dysfunction involves several mechanisms including impaired insulin signaling and nitric oxide production, oxidative stress, inflammation and the activation of the renin-angiotensin system and apoptosis in the endothelial cells. Therefore, targeting the signaling pathways involved in free fatty acid-induced endothelial dysfunction could serve as a preventive approach to protect against the occurrence of endothelial dysfunction and the subsequent complications such as atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arijit Ghosh
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, HKSAR, China
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, HKSAR, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, HKSAR, China
| | - Abhimanyu Thakur
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, HKSAR, China
| | - Parco M. Siu
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, HKSAR, China
| | - Christopher W. K. Lai
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, HKSAR, China
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425
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Denardo SJ, Vock DM, Schmalfuss CM, Young GD, Tcheng JE, O'Connor CM. Baseline Hemodynamics and Response to Contrast Media During Diagnostic Cardiac Catheterization Predict Adverse Events in Heart Failure Patients. Circ Heart Fail 2017; 9:CIRCHEARTFAILURE.115.002529. [PMID: 27382090 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.115.002529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Contrast media administered during cardiac catheterization can affect hemodynamic variables. However, little is documented about the effects of contrast on hemodynamics in heart failure patients or the prognostic value of baseline and changes in hemodynamics for predicting subsequent adverse events. METHODS AND RESULTS In this prospective study of 150 heart failure patients, we measured hemodynamics at baseline and after administration of iodixanol or iopamidol contrast. One-year Kaplan-Meier estimates of adverse event-free survival (death, heart failure hospitalization, and rehospitalization) were generated, grouping patients by baseline measures of pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) and cardiac index (CI), and by changes in those measures after contrast administration. We used Cox proportional hazards modeling to assess sequentially adding baseline PCWP and change in CI to 5 validated risk models (Seattle Heart Failure Score, ESCAPE [Evaluation Study of Congestive Heart Failure and Pulmonary Artery Catheterization Effectiveness], CHARM [Candesartan in Heart Failure: Assessment of Reduction in Mortality and Morbidity], CORONA [Controlled Rosuvastatin Multinational Trial in Heart Failure], and MAGGIC [Meta-Analysis Global Group in Chronic Heart Failure]). Median contrast volume was 109 mL. Both contrast media caused similarly small but statistically significant changes in most hemodynamic variables. There were 39 adverse events (26.0%). Adverse event rates increased using the composite metric of baseline PCWP and change in CI (P<0.01); elevated baseline PCWP and decreased CI after contrast correlated with the poorest prognosis. Adding both baseline PCWP and change in CI to the 5 risk models universally improved their predictive value (P≤0.02). CONCLUSIONS In heart failure patients, the administration of contrast causes small but significant changes in hemodynamics. Calculating baseline PCWP with change in CI after contrast predicts adverse events and increases the predictive value of existing models. Patients with elevated baseline PCWP and decreased CI after contrast merit greatest concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott J Denardo
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Duke University Medical Center (S.J.D., J.E.T., C.M.O.) and Duke Clinical Research Institute (S.J.D., D.M.V., J.E.T., C.M.O.), Durham, NC; Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (D.M.V.); Section of Cardiology, North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Affairs, Gainesville, FL (C.M.S.); and Department of Internal Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (G.D.Y.).
| | - David M Vock
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Duke University Medical Center (S.J.D., J.E.T., C.M.O.) and Duke Clinical Research Institute (S.J.D., D.M.V., J.E.T., C.M.O.), Durham, NC; Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (D.M.V.); Section of Cardiology, North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Affairs, Gainesville, FL (C.M.S.); and Department of Internal Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (G.D.Y.)
| | - Carsten M Schmalfuss
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Duke University Medical Center (S.J.D., J.E.T., C.M.O.) and Duke Clinical Research Institute (S.J.D., D.M.V., J.E.T., C.M.O.), Durham, NC; Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (D.M.V.); Section of Cardiology, North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Affairs, Gainesville, FL (C.M.S.); and Department of Internal Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (G.D.Y.)
| | - Gregory D Young
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Duke University Medical Center (S.J.D., J.E.T., C.M.O.) and Duke Clinical Research Institute (S.J.D., D.M.V., J.E.T., C.M.O.), Durham, NC; Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (D.M.V.); Section of Cardiology, North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Affairs, Gainesville, FL (C.M.S.); and Department of Internal Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (G.D.Y.)
| | - James E Tcheng
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Duke University Medical Center (S.J.D., J.E.T., C.M.O.) and Duke Clinical Research Institute (S.J.D., D.M.V., J.E.T., C.M.O.), Durham, NC; Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (D.M.V.); Section of Cardiology, North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Affairs, Gainesville, FL (C.M.S.); and Department of Internal Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (G.D.Y.)
| | - Christopher M O'Connor
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Duke University Medical Center (S.J.D., J.E.T., C.M.O.) and Duke Clinical Research Institute (S.J.D., D.M.V., J.E.T., C.M.O.), Durham, NC; Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (D.M.V.); Section of Cardiology, North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Affairs, Gainesville, FL (C.M.S.); and Department of Internal Medicine, Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH (G.D.Y.)
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426
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Ragavan G, Muralidaran Y, Sridharan B, Nachiappa Ganesh R, Viswanathan P. Evaluation of garlic oil in nano-emulsified form: Optimization and its efficacy in high-fat diet induced dyslipidemia in Wistar rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 105:203-213. [PMID: 28428086 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Garlic oil nanoemulsion was formulated using ultrasonic emulsification and the optimized garlic oil nanoemulsion ratio (1:2) of oil: surfactant showed spherical, with tiny droplet size 24.9 ± 1.11 nm. It was observed that the prepared nanoemulsion has the zeta potential of -42.63 ± 1.58 mV and a low polydispersity index of 0.2 ± 0.09 with excellent stability. The formulation was subjected to in vivo acute and sub-acute toxicity. In acute toxicity study, single oral administration of 18.63 ml of garlic oil nanoemulsion/kg resulted in immediate mortality. However, garlic oil nanoemulsion (0.46 ml/kg) and tween 80 (0.5 ml/kg) administered rats did not exhibit any toxicity and showed no changes in hematological and histological parameters. Further, both preventive and curative studies of garlic oil nanoemulsion were evaluated in high-fat diet fed dyslipidemic Wistar rats. Garlic oil nanoemulsion administered groups showed a significant effect in reducing the levels of lipid profiles (p < 0.001) compared to atorvastatin and garlic oil. Evaluation of lipid deposits in hepatic tissues was analyzed by Oil Red O staining, which revealed that garlic oil nanoemulsion administered rats markedly reduced the fat depots. Our findings suggest that garlic oil nano-emulsified form reduced toxicity and improved efficacy in preventing and treating dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokulakannan Ragavan
- Renal Research Lab, Centre for Biomedical Research, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore 632 014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Yuvashree Muralidaran
- Renal Research Lab, Centre for Biomedical Research, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore 632 014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Badrinathan Sridharan
- Renal Research Lab, Centre for Biomedical Research, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore 632 014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajesh Nachiappa Ganesh
- Department of Pathology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Dhanvantri Nagar, Puducherry, India
| | - Pragasam Viswanathan
- Renal Research Lab, Centre for Biomedical Research, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore 632 014, Tamil Nadu, India.
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427
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Boettcher BR. Gastric bypass surgery mimetic approaches. Drug Discov Today 2017; 22:1242-1249. [PMID: 28576430 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2017.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Gastric bypass surgery is effectively a polypharmacological approach for treatment of obesity, type 2 diabetes and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). The gastric bypass mimetic approaches reviewed are fixed-dose combinatorial pharmacological approaches. There are two key concepts incorporated into these gastric bypass surgery mimetic approaches. The first key concept is that the combination of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is essential for success of any gastric bypass surgery mimetic approach. This combination affords the potential for durable weight loss, glycemic control and reduction in liver lipids. The second key concept is that a fixed-dose combination approach is preferred over post-approval combination of the individual components because the individual components alone often lack sufficient efficacy for development.
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428
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A novel dual GLP-1/GIP receptor agonist alleviates cognitive decline by re-sensitizing insulin signaling in the Alzheimer icv. STZ rat model. Behav Brain Res 2017; 327:65-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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429
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'Knowing what Matters in diabetes: Healthier below 7': results of the campaign's first 10 years (part 2), participants without known diabetes history. Cardiovasc Endocrinol 2017; 6:48-54. [PMID: 28392974 PMCID: PMC5367513 DOI: 10.1097/xce.0000000000000109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes represents a major problem in many societies. Early detection and, even better, prevention could help to reduce the burden of the disease. Therefore, increased awareness of disorders of glucose metabolism is important. During the campaign ‘Knowing what Matters in diabetes: Healthier below 7’, in the last few years, more than 31 000 shopping mall visitors in Germany were voluntarily checked for their potential diabetes risk.
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430
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Börgeson E, Wallenius V, Syed GH, Darshi M, Lantero Rodriguez J, Biörserud C, Ragnmark Ek M, Björklund P, Quiding-Järbrink M, Fändriks L, Godson C, Sharma K. AICAR ameliorates high-fat diet-associated pathophysiology in mouse and ex vivo models, independent of adiponectin. Diabetologia 2017; 60:729-739. [PMID: 28188334 PMCID: PMC6518112 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-017-4211-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS In this study, we aimed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR), an activator of AMP-activated protein kinase, for ameliorating high-fat diet (HFD)-induced pathophysiology in mice. We also aimed to determine whether the beneficial effects of AICAR were dependent on adiponectin. Furthermore, human adipose tissue was used to examine the effect of AICAR ex vivo. METHODS Six-week-old male C57BL/6J wild-type and Adipoq -/- mice were fed a standard-fat diet (10% fat) or an HFD (60% fat) for 12 weeks and given vehicle or AICAR (500 μg/g) three times/week from weeks 4-12. Diet-induced pathophysiology was examined in mice after 11 weeks by IPGTT and after 12 weeks by flow cytometry and western blotting. Human adipose tissue biopsies from obese (BMI 35-50 kg/m2) individuals were incubated with vehicle or AICAR (1 mmol/l) for 6 h at 37°C, after which inflammation was characterised by ELISA (TNF-α) and flow cytometry. RESULTS AICAR attenuated adipose inflammation in mice fed an HFD, promoting an M1-to-M2 macrophage phenotype switch, while reducing infiltration of CD8+ T cells. AICAR treatment of mice fed an HFD partially restored glucose tolerance and attenuated hepatic steatosis and kidney disease, as evidenced by reduced albuminuria (p < 0.05), urinary H2O2 (p < 0.05) and renal superoxide levels (p < 0.01) in both wild-type and Adipoq -/- mice. AICAR-mediated protection occurred independently of adiponectin, as similar protection was observed in wild-type and Adipoq -/- mice. In addition, AICAR promoted an M1-to-M2 macrophage phenotype switch and reduced TNF-α production in tissue explants from obese human patients. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION AICAR may promote metabolic health and protect against obesity-induced systemic diseases in an adiponectin-independent manner. Furthermore, AICAR reduced inflammation in human adipose tissue explants, suggesting by proof-of-principle that the drug may reduce obesity-induced complications in humans. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02322073.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Börgeson
- The Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Bruna Stråket 16, S-413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden.
- Centre for Renal Translational Medicine, Institute of Metabolomic Medicine, UC San Diego Health Sciences, San Diego VA HealthCare System, Stein Clinical Research Building, Room 406, mail code 0711, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
- Veteran's Affairs (VA), San Diego VA HealthCare System, Veterans Medical Research Foundation, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | - Ville Wallenius
- Department of Gastrosurgical Research and Education, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gulam H Syed
- Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Manjula Darshi
- Centre for Renal Translational Medicine, Institute of Metabolomic Medicine, UC San Diego Health Sciences, San Diego VA HealthCare System, Stein Clinical Research Building, Room 406, mail code 0711, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Juan Lantero Rodriguez
- The Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Bruna Stråket 16, S-413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Christina Biörserud
- Department of Gastrosurgical Research and Education, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Malin Ragnmark Ek
- Department of Gastrosurgical Research and Education, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Per Björklund
- Department of Gastrosurgical Research and Education, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marianne Quiding-Järbrink
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lars Fändriks
- Department of Gastrosurgical Research and Education, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Catherine Godson
- University College Dublin (UCD) Diabetes Complications Research Centre, UCD Conway Institute, School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kumar Sharma
- Centre for Renal Translational Medicine, Institute of Metabolomic Medicine, UC San Diego Health Sciences, San Diego VA HealthCare System, Stein Clinical Research Building, Room 406, mail code 0711, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
- Veteran's Affairs (VA), San Diego VA HealthCare System, Veterans Medical Research Foundation, San Diego, CA, USA.
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431
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Kundur AR, Santhakumar AB, Bulmer AC, Singh I. Mildly elevated unconjugated bilirubin is associated with reduced platelet activation-related thrombogenesis and inflammation in Gilbert’s syndrome. Platelets 2017; 28:779-785. [DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2017.1280146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Avinash R. Kundur
- School of Medical Science, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Abishek B. Santhakumar
- School of Medical Science, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrew C. Bulmer
- School of Medical Science, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Indu Singh
- School of Medical Science, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
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432
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Zhao Y. Cardiovascular risk assessment and screening in diabetes. Cardiovasc Endocrinol 2017; 6:17-22. [PMID: 31646114 PMCID: PMC6768525 DOI: 10.1097/xce.0000000000000115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes used to be considered as a coronary heart disease equivalence and universally classified high cardiovascular risk population. However increasing epidemiological evidence now indicates the heterogeneity of risk among the diabetic patients and imposes animportance of stratifying those with relative low-risk from high-risk ones. Despite the existing risk assessment tools, current cardivoascualr disease prevention guidelines fail to provide more detailed stratification strategies for patient with diabetes and expose them to either overtreatment or undertreatment. On the other hand, various screening modality, including novel biomarkers and subclinical asthrosclerosis scanning, including coronary calcium scanning, carotid intima-media thickness, myocardial perfusion imaging and coronary computed tomography angiography, have provided very promising usage is risk stratification. With better developed test techniques and more extensive evidence, these modalities may serve in standardized screening algorithm to improve the cardiovascular risk assessment of patients with diabetes and better instruct their individualized preventive therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanglu Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
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433
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Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal-axis dysregulation and double product increases potentiate ischemic heart disease risk in a Black male cohort: the SABPA study. Hypertens Res 2017; 40:590-597. [PMID: 28179626 DOI: 10.1038/hr.2017.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Emotional distress has been associated with a poorer prognosis in myocardial infarction patients. Elevated adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH), lower cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) and cortisol:DHEAS, as measures of emotional distress, might correlate with silent myocardial ischemia (SMI) and workload. Thus, we assessed the relationship between emotional distress, SMI and double product (systolic blood pressure (SBP) × heart rate). Cross-sectional South African biethnic single-set cohorts (N=378), aged 44.7±9.52 years, were investigated. Depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire-9), anthropometric, fasting blood, 24-h double product and 24-h 2-lead electrocardiogram (ST-segment depression) values were obtained. Blacks, mostly men, had increased depressive symptoms, hyperglycemia, SMI, double product, SBP hypertension and ACTH but lower cortisol, DHEAS and cortisol:DHEAS than their White counterparts. Black men had the highest combined SBP hypertension and below-median cortisol prevalence, 38%, compared with 5.9-13.8% in the other groups. Their SMI was associated with ACTH and cortisol:DHEAS (adj. R2 0.29; β 0.27-0.31 (0.12-0.64); P⩽0.05), double product (adj. R2 0.29; β 0.38 (0.18-0.57); P=0.050) and SBP hypertension (area under the curve: 0.68 (95% CI: 0.56, 0.80); P=0.042; sensitivity/specificity 49/85%). Double product was positively associated with central obesity in all sex groups and with cortisol in the Black men (P<0.05). A dysregulated hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal-axis (HPAA) showed signs of a hyporesponsive adrenal cortex, suggesting chronic emotional stress in the Black male cohort. In this cohort, HPAA dysregulation and compensatory increases in double product occur as a potential defense mechanism to alleviate perfusion deficits, thereby potentiating ischemic heart disease risk.
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434
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Zhou X, Chen S, Ye X. The anti-obesity properties of the proanthocyanidin extract from the leaves of Chinese bayberry (Myrica rubra Sieb.et Zucc.). Food Funct 2017; 8:3259-3270. [DOI: 10.1039/c7fo00816c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The anti-obesity effects of different proanthocyanidin extracts (PE) from Chinese bayberry (Myrica rubraSieb.et Zucc.) leaves were evaluated in a high-fat (HF) diet-induced obese rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhou Zhou
- Zhejiang University College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science
- Fuli Institute of Food Science
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing
- Zhejiang R & D Center for Food Technology and Equipment
- Hangzhou 310058
| | - Shiguo Chen
- Zhejiang University College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science
- Fuli Institute of Food Science
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing
- Zhejiang R & D Center for Food Technology and Equipment
- Hangzhou 310058
| | - Xingqian Ye
- Zhejiang University College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science
- Fuli Institute of Food Science
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing
- Zhejiang R & D Center for Food Technology and Equipment
- Hangzhou 310058
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435
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Role of Intravascular Ultrasound in the Detection of Cardiovascular Disease in Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome in Latin America. CURRENT CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING REPORTS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12410-016-9395-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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436
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Is a reduction in brown adipose thermogenesis responsible for the change in core body temperature at menopause? Cardiovasc Endocrinol 2016. [DOI: 10.1097/xce.0000000000000089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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437
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Hypertension in type 2 diabetes: impact of glucose-lowering medications. Cardiovasc Endocrinol 2016. [DOI: 10.1097/xce.0000000000000100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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438
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Omar HR, El-Khabiry E, Tripathi N, Mangar D, Camporesi EM. Hypothermic Osborn waves without shivering artifacts: causes and implications. Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab 2016; 7:229-232. [PMID: 28203359 PMCID: PMC5298361 DOI: 10.1177/2042018816680588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ehab El-Khabiry
- Department of Internal Medicine, OSF Saint Anthony Medical Center, Rockford, IL, USA
| | - Nishant Tripathi
- Internal Medicine Department, Ottumwa Regional Health Center, IA, USA
| | - Devanand Mangar
- Chief of Anesthesia, Tampa General Hospital; CEO, FGTBA and Regional Medical Director, TEAMHealth, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Enrico M. Camporesi
- Emeritus Professor, University of South Florida, FGTBA and TEAMHealth, Tampa, FL, USA
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439
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Devkar ST, Kandhare AD, Zanwar AA, Jagtap SD, Katyare SS, Bodhankar SL, Hegde MV. Hepatoprotective effect of withanolide-rich fraction in acetaminophen-intoxicated rat: decisive role of TNF-α, IL-1β, COX-II and iNOS. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2016; 54:2394-2403. [PMID: 27043749 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2016.1157193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Overdose of acetaminophen (APAP) is common in humans and is often associated with hepatic damage. Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal (Solanaceae) shows multiple pharmacological activities including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the possible mechanism of hepatoprotective activity of withanolide-rich fraction (WRF) isolated from a methanolic extract of Withania somnifera roots. MATERIALS AND METHODS Hepatotoxicity was induced by oral administration of APAP (750 mg/kg, p.o.) for 14 d. The control group received the vehicle. APAP-treated animals were given either silymarin (25 mg/kg) or graded doses of WRF (50, 100 and 200mg/kg) 2 h prior to APAP administration. Animals were killed on 15th day and blood and liver tissue samples were collected for the further analysis. RESULTS In WRF-treated group, there was significant and dose-dependent (p < 0.01 and p < 0.001) decrease in serum bilirubin, ALP, AST and ALT levels with significant and dose-dependent (p < 0.01 and p < 0.001) increase in hepatic SOD, GSH and total antioxidant capacity. The level of MDA and NO decreased significantly (p < 0.01) by WRF treatment. Up-regulated mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-1β, COX-II and iNOS was significantly down-regulated (p < 0.001) by WRF. Histological alternations induced by APAP in liver were restored to near normality by WRF pretreatment. CONCLUSION WRF may exert its hepatoprotective action by alleviating inflammatory and oxido-nitrosative stress via inhibition of TNF-α, IL-1β, COX-II and iNOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh T Devkar
- a Center for Innovation in Nutrition, Health and Disease, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs , Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University , Pune , Maharashtra , India
| | - Amit D Kandhare
- b Department of Pharmacology , Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University , Pune , Maharashtra , India
| | - Anand A Zanwar
- a Center for Innovation in Nutrition, Health and Disease, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs , Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University , Pune , Maharashtra , India
| | - Suresh D Jagtap
- c Interactive Research School in Health Affairs , Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University , Pune , Maharashtra , India
| | - Surendra S Katyare
- a Center for Innovation in Nutrition, Health and Disease, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs , Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University , Pune , Maharashtra , India
| | - Subhash L Bodhankar
- b Department of Pharmacology , Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University , Pune , Maharashtra , India
| | - Mahabaleshwar V Hegde
- a Center for Innovation in Nutrition, Health and Disease, Interactive Research School for Health Affairs , Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University , Pune , Maharashtra , India
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440
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Sadar S, Kaspate D, Vyawahare N. Protective effect of L-glutamine against diabetes-induced nephropathy in experimental animal: Role of KIM-1, NGAL, TGF-β1, and collagen-1. Ren Fail 2016; 38:1483-1495. [PMID: 27756197 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2016.1227918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy is a serious microvascular complication and one of the main causes of end-stage renal disease. L-Glutamine (LG) is naturally occurring amino acids with antidiabetic and antioxidant potential. The aim of present investigation was to evaluate the potential of LG against streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic nephropathy (DN) in laboratory rats. DN was induced in male Wistar rats (200-220 g) by intraperitoneal administration of STZ (55 mg/kg). Animals were treated orally with either distilled water (10 mg/kg) or LG (250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg) or Sitagliptin (5 mg/kg). Various biochemical, molecular, and histological (hematoxylin-eosin and Masson's trichrome stain) parameters were assessed. Administration of LG (500 and 1000 mg/kg) significantly inhibited (p < .05) STZ-induced alterations in serum and urine biochemistry (urine creatinine, uric acid, albumin, and BUN). It also significantly increased creatinine clearance rate. STZ induced increase in renal oxidonitrosative stress was significantly decreased (p < .05) by LG (500 and 1000 mg/kg) treatment. Upregulated renal KIM-1, NGAL, TGF-β1, and collagen-1 mRNA expression after STZ administration was significantly inhibited (p < .05) by LG (500 and 1000 mg/kg) treatment. Correlation analysis also revealed that antidiabetic potential of LG attenuates STZ-induced elevated renal KIM-1, NGAL, TGF-β1, and collagen-1 mRNA expression. Histopathological alteration induced by STZ in renal tissue was ameliorated by LG treatment. In conclusion, results of present investigation suggest that treatment with LG ameliorated STZ-induced DN via the inhibition of oxidonitrosative stress as well as downregulation of KIM-1, NGAL, TGF-β1, and collagen-1 mRNA expressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smeeta Sadar
- a Padmashree Dr D. Y. Patil College of Pharmacy , Akurdi , Pune , Maharashtra , India
| | - Dipti Kaspate
- b Cognizant Technology Solution , Hinjewadi, Pune , Maharashtra , India
| | - Neeraj Vyawahare
- a Padmashree Dr D. Y. Patil College of Pharmacy , Akurdi , Pune , Maharashtra , India
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441
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Flax lignan concentrate attenuate hypertension and abnormal left ventricular contractility via modulation of endogenous biomarkers in two-kidney-one-clip (2K1C) hypertensive rats. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA-BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOGNOSY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjp.2016.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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442
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Meseeha MG, Sattur S. Acute systolic heart failure and uncontrolled hypertension: what is the missing link? Postgrad Med 2016; 128:722-4. [PMID: 27455906 DOI: 10.1080/00325481.2016.1215761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Pheochromocytoma is a rare tumor in adults, with an estimated annual incidence of 0.8 per 100,000 persons. Cardiomyopathy is an uncommon presentation of such a rare disease. Serious cardiovascular complications of these tumors are related to potent effects of secreted catecholamines. The mechanism of pheochromocytoma-related cardiomyopathy is not well understood but it is likely due to the effect of excess catecholamines and their oxidation products which have been found to have a direct toxic effect on the myocardium. We describe below a case of a 70-year old female with uncontrolled hypertension and new onset acute systolic heart failure, who on further evaluation was noted to have pheochromocytoma-related cardiomyopathy. Pheochromocytoma should be strongly considered in the differential diagnosis of non-ischemic cardiomyopathy for a patient with elevated blood pressures relative to severity of cardiac dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sudhakar Sattur
- b Department of Cardiology , Guthrie Clinic , Sayre , PA , USA
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443
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Flethøj M, Schwarzwald CC, Haugaard MM, Carstensen H, Kanters JK, Olsen LH, Buhl R. Left Ventricular Function After Prolonged Exercise in Equine Endurance Athletes. J Vet Intern Med 2016; 30:1260-9. [PMID: 27305095 PMCID: PMC5094507 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.13982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prolonged exercise in human athletes is associated with transient impairment of left ventricular (LV) function, known as cardiac fatigue. Cardiac effects of prolonged exercise in horses remain unknown. OBJECTIVES To investigate the effects of prolonged exercise on LV systolic and diastolic function in horses. ANIMALS Twenty-six horses competing in 120-160 km endurance rides. METHODS Cross-sectional field study. Echocardiography was performed before and after rides, and the following morning, and included two-dimensional echocardiography, anatomical M-mode, pulsed-wave tissue Doppler imaging, and two-dimensional speckle tracking. Correlation between echocardiographic variables and cardiac troponin I was evaluated. RESULTS Early diastolic myocardial velocities decreased significantly in longitudinal (baseline: -17.4 ± 2.4cm/s; end of ride: -15.8 ± 3.2cm/s (P = .013); morning after: -15.4 ± 3.0cm/s (P = .0033)) and radial directions (-32.8 ± 3.4cm/s; -28.1 ± 5.8cm/s (P < .001); -26.4 ± 5.5cm/s (P < .001)). Early diastolic strain rates decreased significantly in longitudinal (1.58 ± 0.27s(-1) ; 1.45 ± 0.26s(-1) (P = .036); 1.41 ± 0.25s(-1) (P = .013)) and circumferential directions (2.43 ± 0.29s(-1) ; 1.96 ± 0.46s(-1) (P < .001); 2.11 ± 0.32s(-1) (P < .001)). Systolic variables showed ambiguous results. No correlations with serum cardiac troponin I concentrations were evident. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE Prolonged exercise in horses is associated with impaired LV diastolic function. Reduced ventricular filling persisted for 7-21 hours despite normalization of biochemical indicators of hydration status, indicating that the observed changes were not entirely related to altered preload conditions. The clinical relevance of cardiac fatigue in horses remains uncertain.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Flethøj
- Department of Large Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Taastrup, Denmark
| | - C C Schwarzwald
- Equine Department, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M M Haugaard
- Department of Large Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Taastrup, Denmark
| | - H Carstensen
- Department of Large Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Taastrup, Denmark
| | - J K Kanters
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - L H Olsen
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - R Buhl
- Department of Large Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Taastrup, Denmark
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444
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Adiponectin levels and cardiovascular disease – symptom or a cause? Cardiovasc Endocrinol 2016. [DOI: 10.1097/xce.0000000000000081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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445
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Krentz AJ. Venus and Mars: influence of sex on diabetes and cardiometabolic disease. Cardiovasc Endocrinol 2016. [DOI: 10.1097/xce.0000000000000082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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446
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Liu Q, Lu D, Wang S, Wang K, Zhang Q, Wang Y, Fang P, Li Z, Geng J, Shan Q. Renal denervation significantly attenuates cardiorenal fibrosis in rats with sustained pressure overload. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 10:587-596.e4. [PMID: 27288113 DOI: 10.1016/j.jash.2016.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 05/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the effects of renal denervation (RDN) on comprehensive cardiac and renal fibrosis in cardiomyopathy. Five weeks after successful transverse aortic constriction (TAC)-induced cardiomyopathy model building, Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to three groups: (1) RDN, (2) sham, and (3) losartan. Sham TAC rats served as control group. Compared with control, TAC groups showed a significant decrease in left ventricle ejection fraction and increase in ventricular septum thickness and left atrium diameter on echocardiography after 5 weeks. At 10 weeks post-TAC, venous blood samples were collected for fibrosis biochemical assay. Heart and kidney samples were also harvested for fibrosis pathophysiological detection. Cardiac and renal fibrosis quantity results showed that, compared with sham group, collagen volume fraction was significantly decreased in RDN group more than in losartan group. Biochemical parameters such as tumor necrosis factor α, aldosterone, and B-type natriuretic peptide levels as well as biomarkers for fibrosis such as procollagen type I N-terminal propeptide and procollagen type III N-terminal propeptide concentrations were significantly decreased in RDN group in comparison with sham. In addition, compared with sham group, left ventricle tissue protein expression of transforming growth factor-β1 and angiotensin II type I receptor was downregulated, and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 was upregulated in RDN but not in losartan group. RDN significantly attenuates cardiac and renal fibrosis in cardiomyopathy. Differing from losartan, which only has angiotensin II type I receptor inhibition effects, RDN comprehensively suppresses cardiac and renal fibrogenesis through multiple pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dasheng Lu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shengchan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ping Fang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhenzhen Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Geng
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qijun Shan
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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447
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Mohod SM, Kandhare AD, Bodhankar SL. Gastroprotective potential of Pentahydroxy flavone isolated from Madhuca indica J. F. Gmel. leaves against acetic acid-induced ulcer in rats: The role of oxido-inflammatory and prostaglandins markers. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 182:150-159. [PMID: 26906969 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2015] [Revised: 01/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Madhuca indica J. F. Gmel. (Sapotaceae) has shown antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-diabetic and hepatoprotective potential. It has been traditionally used as laxative, tonic, anti-burn, anti-earthworm, wound healing and headache. AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the efficacy and possible mechanism of Madhuca indica J. F. Gmel. leaves methanolic extract (MI-ALC) and its isolated chloroform fraction (D3) against experimental induced gastric ulcers. MATERIALS AND METHODS D3 was isolated from MI-ALC, well characterized (HPTLC, FT-IR, (1)H-NMR and LC-MS) and evaluated for its gastroprotective activity by using acetic acid induced ulcer in male Wistar rats (150-200g). D3 (2.5, 5 and 10mg/kg, p.o.) were administered for the period of 14 days. At the end of treatment, rats were sacrificed to collect the stomach sample for evaluation of antioxidant (SOD, GSH, and MDA) enzyme, oxido-inflammatory (TNF-α, IL-1, iNOs) and prostaglandins (COX-II) markers by using RT-PCR. RESULTS The structure and molecular weight (MW) of the isolated compound (D3) were confirmed by 1D and 2D spectral data and characterized as 3,5,7,3',4'-Pentahydroxy flavone with MW C15H10O7. Administration of 3,5,7,3',4'-Pentahydroxy flavone (5 and 10mg/kg) significantly and dose-dependently inhibited (P<0.01 and P<0.001) acetic acid induced an alteration in the antioxidant enzyme. It also significantly and dose-dependently down-regulated gastric oxido-inflammatory and prostaglandins markers. Histopathological aberration induced in the stomach also attenuated by 3,5,7,3',4'-Pentahydroxy flavone treatment. CONCLUSION Finding of present investigation suggests that MI-ALC possessed potent antiulcer activity due to the presence of 3,5,7,3',4'-Pentahydroxy flavone via its oxido-inflammatory and prostaglandins modulatory potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smeeta M Mohod
- Department of Pharmacology, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Paud Road, Erandwane, Pune 411038, Maharashtra, India
| | - Amit D Kandhare
- Department of Pharmacology, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Paud Road, Erandwane, Pune 411038, Maharashtra, India
| | - Subhash L Bodhankar
- Department of Pharmacology, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed University, Paud Road, Erandwane, Pune 411038, Maharashtra, India.
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448
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Adil M, Kandhare AD, Dalvi G, Ghosh P, Venkata S, Raygude KS, Bodhankar SL. Ameliorative effect of berberine against gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats via attenuation of oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis and mitochondrial dysfunction. Ren Fail 2016; 38:996-1006. [DOI: 10.3109/0886022x.2016.1165120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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449
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Adil M, Kandhare AD, Ghosh P, Venkata S, Raygude KS, Bodhankar SL. Ameliorative effect of naringin in acetaminophen-induced hepatic and renal toxicity in laboratory rats: role of FXR and KIM-1. Ren Fail 2016; 38:1007-20. [DOI: 10.3109/0886022x.2016.1163998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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450
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Winkler M, Schuchard J, Stölting I, Vogt FM, Barkhausen J, Thorns C, Bader M, Raasch W. The brain renin-angiotensin system plays a crucial role in regulating body weight in diet-induced obesity in rats. Br J Pharmacol 2016; 173:1602-17. [PMID: 26892671 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Reduced weight gain after treatment with AT1 receptor antagonists may involve a brain-related mechanism. Here, we investigated the role of the brain renin-angiotensin system on weight regulation and food behaviour, with or without additional treatment with telmisartan. METHODS Transgenic rats with a brain-specific deficiency in angiotensinogen (TGR(ASrAOGEN)) and the corresponding wild-type, Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were fed (3 months) with a high-calorie cafeteria diet (CD) or standard chow. SD and TGR(ASrAOGEN) rats on the CD diet were also treated with telmisartan (8 mg·kg(-1) ·d(-1) , 3 months). RESULTS Compared with SD rats, TGR(ASrAOGEN) rats (i) had lower weights during chow feeding, (ii) did not become obese during CD feeding, (iii) had normal baseline leptin plasma concentrations independent of the feeding regimen, whereas plasma leptin of SD rats was increased due to CD, (iv) showed a reduced energy intake, (v) had a higher, strain-dependent energy expenditure, which is additionally enhanced during CD feeding, (vi) had enhanced mRNA levels of pro-opiomelanocortin and (vii) showed improved glucose control. Weight gain and energy intake in rats fed the CD diet were markedly reduced by telmisartan in SD rats but only to a minor extent in TGR(ASrAOGEN) rats. CONCLUSIONS The brain renin-angiotensin system affects body weight regulation, feeding behaviour and metabolic disorders. When angiotensin II levels are low in brain, rats are protected from developing diet-induced obesity and obesity-related metabolic impairments. We further suggest that telmisartan at least partly lowers body weight via a CNS-driven mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Winkler
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Johanna Schuchard
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ines Stölting
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Florian M Vogt
- Department for Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jörg Barkhausen
- Department for Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Christoph Thorns
- Department of Pathology, University Clinic Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Michael Bader
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC), Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Center for Structural and Cell Biology in Medicine, Institute for Biology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Walter Raasch
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany.,CBBM (Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism), Lübeck, Germany
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