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Sanchez LM, Oman RF, Yang Y, Lensch T. Youth Assets and Alcohol, Tobacco, and Other Drug Use: The Importance of Family Structure. JOURNAL OF PREVENTION (2022) 2024; 45:391-403. [PMID: 38393546 DOI: 10.1007/s10935-024-00775-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
This research analyzed data from the Youth Asset Study (YAS), a 4-year longitudinal investigation designed to examine the prospective influence of youth assets, which are believed to influence behavior at the individual, family, and community levels, on youth risk behaviors. The purpose was to determine if specific youth assets (e.g., responsible choices, family communication, community involvement) differentially protected adolescents from alcohol, tobacco, and other drug use (ATODU) according to family structure (one-parent and two-parent households). Five waves of data were collected annually over four years from a racially/ethnically diverse sample of adolescents (N = 722, 51.5% male, baseline mean age = 14.1 years). Pearson chi-square tests for independence were used to test for significant differences in the prevalence of assets between one-parent and two-parent households. Generalized linear mixed models were used to identify prospective associations between 17 youth assets and ATODU while stratifying by family structure and controlling for sociodemographic characteristics. Compared to adolescents living in one-parent households, adolescents living in two-parent households were significantly more likely to possess six of 17 assets. Among adolescents living in one-parent households, those who possessed any one of eight youth assets were significantly less likely to use ATODU. Among adolescents living in one-parent households, those with any one of seven assets were significantly less likely to use ATODU. Family- and community-level assets had the most significant asset/ATODU associations for adolescents living in one-parent households (AORs ranged from 0.23 to 0.61). Individual-level assets had the most significant asset/ATODU associations for adolescents living in two-parent households (AORs ranged from 0.38 to 0.60). The results suggest that developing asset-based interventions tailored to the adolescents' family structure may be useful in preventing adolescents from engaging in ATODU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louisiana M Sanchez
- Reno School of Public Health, University of Nevada, 1664 North Virginia Street, Reno, NV, 89557, USA.
| | - Roy F Oman
- Reno School of Public Health, University of Nevada, 1664 North Virginia Street, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
| | - Yueran Yang
- Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, 1664 North Virginia Street, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
| | - Taylor Lensch
- Reno School of Public Health, University of Nevada, 1664 North Virginia Street, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
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Yan R, Liu Y, Huang L, Li Y, Huang Y, Tong J, Deng Y, Yuan Q. Susceptibility to e-cigarette adoption among tobacco-naïve youths: a cross-sectional study in Shenzhen, China. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1320863. [PMID: 38818444 PMCID: PMC11137244 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1320863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The rise in e-cigarette use among youth is a significant global public health issue. It is important to identify those at increased risk and implement effective strategies to reduce e-cigarette popularity among the youth. Objective This study aims to identify predictors of e-cigarette uptake in youths with no prior tobacco use, considering individual, familial and the broader societal environmental factors. Methods For this investigation, a group of 2,487 tobacco-free youths was selected from 15 high schools in Shenzhen, China. Susceptibility to e-cigarettes was determined by assessing the possibility of future use and the openness to trying e-cigarettes if presented by friends. Both chi-square tests and logistic regression were applied to identify factors linked to susceptibility to e-cigarette use. Results Among the respondents, 5.5% (n = 136) were found to be susceptible to e-cigarette use. The analysis revealed factors tied to this risk: perceptions of e-cigarettes, the impact of vaping peers, paternal parenting styles, the extent of social support, exposure to messages both for and against e-cigarettes use, and secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure. Youths who downplayed the addictive nature of e-cigarettes (aOR = 2.01; 95% CI: 1.14-3.55; p = 0.016), those with friends who engaged in vaping (aOR = 3.43-7.64; 95%CI: 2.36-20.42; p < 0.001), those experiencing over-protective or rejective maternal parenting (aOR = 1.68-3.01; 95%CI: 1.11-5.77; p = 0.001-0.014) or rejective paternal parenting (aOR = 3.63; 95%CI: 1.99-6.59; p < 0.001), those aware of e-cigarette advertisements (aOR = 1.82; 95%CI: 1.28-2.60; p = 0.001), and those exposed to SHS at home (aOR = 1.68; 95%CI: 1.17-2.41; p = 0.005) or at public places (aOR = 1.72-1.79; 95%CI: 1.21-2.57; p = 0.002-0.003) were more prone to e-cigarettes. In contrast, youths who believed using e-cigarettes reduces one's attractiveness (aOR = 0.34; 95%CI: 0.16-0.72; p = 0.005) or perceived that vaping made social interactions less enjoyable (aOR = 0.26; 95%CI: 0.12-0.58; p = 0.001), those who benefited from high social support (aOR = 0.30-0.60; 95%CI: 0.17-0.97; p < 0.001), and those who noticed message about e-cigarettes' adverse consequence (aOR = 0.54; 95%CI: 0.38-0.77; p = 0.001) were less likely to be inclined toward e-cigarette use. Conclusion The propensity of the youth to e-cigarette usage is shaped by a multiple element. An all-encompassing strategy that addresses the individual, familial, and the broader societal aspects is imperative for the effective prevention of e-cigarette initiation among youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruilin Yan
- Shenzhen Bao'an Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yanhong Liu
- Shenzhen Bao'an Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, China
| | - Li Huang
- Shenzhen Bao'an Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yanrou Li
- Shenzhen Bao'an Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yun Huang
- Shenzhen Bao'an Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jing Tong
- Bao'an Public Health Service Center of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yongzheng Deng
- Shenzhen Bao'an Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qing Yuan
- Shenzhen Bao'an Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, China
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Mulyowa A, Ssekamatte T, Kabwama SN, Ssenkusu J, Wanyenze RK, Matovu JKB. Use of tobacco and other illicit drugs among adolescent boys and young men in Kampala, Uganda: A result of low parental attention? PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297163. [PMID: 38530813 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although the use of illicit drugs is common among young people, limited data exists on the use of illicit drugs among adolescent boys and young men (ABYM). We assessed the use of tobacco, marijuana and khat among ABYM to inform the design of harm-reduction interventions. METHODS This secondary analysis uses data from a formative study conducted among 2,500 ABYM across the five divisions of Kampala between July and August 2020. Survey questions were adopted from the Global Youth Tobacco Survey and Global School-based Student Health Survey. We computed proportions of ABYM that had ever used any form of tobacco or marijuana or khat in the past year and the proportion that had used any of these products in the past 30 days (i.e. 'current users'). In a sub-group analysis, we assessed if any patterns existed between ABYM's use of illicit drugs and selected parental attention attributes. RESULTS Of 2,500 ABYM, 47.3% (n = 1,182) were aged 15-19 years. Overall, 16.4% (n = 410) reported past-year use of tobacco products while 11.6% (n = 289) and 10.5% (n = 263) reported past-year use of marijuana and khat, respectively. Current use of any illicit drugs was higher among past-year khat (46%, n = 133) and marijuana users (36.9%, n = 97) than past-year tobacco users (4%, n = 17). Current use of any illicit drugs was higher among out-of-school than in-school ABYM and increased with increasing age and education levels. However, parental attention was lower among out-of-school than in-school ABYM and decreased with increasing age and education levels. CONCLUSION Use of illicit drugs is common among ABYM and increased with age and education levels but parental attention among current illicit drug users decreased with increasing age and education levels. These findings suggest that interventions intended to improve parental attention among illicit drug users may help to reduce the prevalence of illicit drug use among ABYM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Mulyowa
- Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, Makerere University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Tonny Ssekamatte
- Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, Makerere University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Steven N Kabwama
- Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, Makerere University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - John Ssenkusu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Makerere University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Rhoda K Wanyenze
- Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, Makerere University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Joseph K B Matovu
- Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, Makerere University School of Public Health, Kampala, Uganda
- Busitema University Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Community and Public Health, Mbale, Uganda
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Barnett NP, Light JM, Clark MA, Ott MQ, DiGuiseppi GT, Meisel MK. Dynamic social network analysis of a brief alcohol intervention trial in heavy-drinking college students shows spillover effects. ALCOHOL, CLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 48:375-388. [PMID: 38240663 PMCID: PMC10922236 DOI: 10.1111/acer.15237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heavy-drinking college students tend to have close social networks, and there is theoretical and empirical support for the idea that behavior change can spread through those networks via close ties. The objective of this research was to determine whether intervention-induced behavior change in a subset of heavy drinkers in a sociometric (whole) college class-year social network is transmitted to other heavy drinkers in the network, resulting in reduced behavioral risk and change in network ties. METHODS We conducted a controlled trial in which most of a first-year college class (N = 1236; 56.9% female) was enrolled, with alcohol use and social network ties measured early in each of three semesters. Following a baseline assessment, the network was divided into two groups, brief motivational intervention (BMI) and natural history control (NHC) according to dormitory residence location. A subset of heavy drinkers in each group was selected, and those in the BMI group received an in-person intervention. RESULTS Using stochastic actor-oriented modeling, we found a significant tendency for participants in the BMI group to shed ties with individuals with similar drinking behaviors between the first and second semesters, relative to the NHC group. Furthermore, heavy drinkers with reciprocal ties to intervention recipients in the BMI group showed a significant reduction in drinks per week. CONCLUSIONS Individual alcohol interventions appear to have effects both on behavior and network connections among individuals who did not receive the intervention. Continued research is needed to identify the optimal conditions for the diffusion of behavior change.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Graham T. DiGuiseppi
- Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
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Mahsoon AN, Almashat L, Alsubaui N, Hindi S, Alharbi S, Yaghmour S, Sharif L. Socio-Demographics of Initial Substance Use Exposure and Its Relation to Progression: A Cross-Sectional Study in Saudi Arabia. Cureus 2023; 15:e42795. [PMID: 37664346 PMCID: PMC10469902 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.42795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Empirical evidence on substance use in Saudi Arabia is lacking. This quantitative study is aimed at describing the socio-demographics of initial exposure to substance use and its relation to substance abuse progression. METHOD A questionnaire about socio-demographics during initial exposure to substance use was completed by 379 participants. RESULTS For most participants, the commencement of substance abuse occurred at the age range of 19‒23 years, and while in high school, they first started taking drugs with school friends. The two psychoactive substances most commonly taken for the first time were hashish and alcohol. The two main reasons for first drug exposure were teenage curiosity and joy-seeking. The chi-square test revealed statistically significant differences between substance abuse progression by sex, current age, father's education level, parent's marital status, and one's company in substance use. Female participants were more likely to continue taking drugs. CONCLUSION Young people must be educated about the risks and consequences of substance use from early adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Nabil Mahsoon
- Department of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Lina Almashat
- Faculty of Nursing, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Norah Alsubaui
- Faculty of Nursing, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Shahad Hindi
- Faculty of Nursing, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Shahad Alharbi
- Faculty of Nursing, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Sara Yaghmour
- Department of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Loujain Sharif
- Department of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, SAU
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Wallace LN. Parenting practices and adolescent delinquency: COVID-19 impact in the United States. CHILDREN AND YOUTH SERVICES REVIEW 2023; 149:106791. [PMID: 36575707 PMCID: PMC9780644 DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2022.106791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Many past studies found parental monitoring and involvement were associated with reductions in delinquency and substance use among adolescents. However, we do not yet fully understand how the COVID-19 crisis affected parenting practices, nor the corresponding effects for juvenile delinquency and substance use. The study incorporated a repeated cross-sectional design with data drawn from two samples of Pennsylvania parents with teenage children. The first sample completed a web survey about parental monitoring in late 2019. The second completed a similar web survey with additional questions about COVID-19 in February 2021. The results indicated little association between COVID-related financial hardship and parental depression, nor between COVID-related financial hardship and parenting practices. While parents reported high levels of depressive symptoms during the pandemic, these appeared largely unrelated to parenting practices. There were few changes in parenting practices, on average, from before to during the pandemic. Most parents reported that their child's behavior had not worsened during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lacey N Wallace
- Penn State Altoona, Department of Criminal Justice, 101G Cypress Building, 3000 Ivyside Park, Altoona, PA 16601, United States
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Jang H, Kim J. Peers' parental education and cardiovascular disease risk in adulthood: The mediating role of health-related behaviors. Soc Sci Med 2023; 320:115673. [PMID: 36652756 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.115673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Although there is a growing body of empirical evidence on the relationship between peers' parental education and adolescents' educational outcomes, little is known about whether exposure to highly educated peers' parents is associated with improved physical health in adulthood. OBJECTIVE This study investigated the relationship between the education level of peers' parents (Wave I) and the risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) in adulthood (Wave IV). Moreover, we considered a set of health-related behaviors (Wave II) as the underlying mechanisms linking peers' parental education to later-life physical health such as substance use (smoking, binge drinking, and marijuana use) and other lifestyle behaviors (physical activity, sedentary behavior, and unhealthy dietary habits). METHODS Data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health), spanning respondents' adolescence to adulthood, were used. To address the endogenous school selection problem and account for the unobserved school-level confounders, this study exploited quasi-experimental within-school/across-cohort variation in peer composition. To formally test for mediation, Sobel tests were conducted. RESULTS The results of this study revealed that independent of own parents' education levels, exposure to higher levels of peers' parental education is associated with a lower CVD risk score in adulthood. For a one-standard-deviation increase in peers' parental education-that is, about a 0.98-year increase in grademates' parental educational attainment, a CVD risk in adulthood increased by about 6.2%. Our mediation analyses showed that part of this association is explained by a decrease in substance use (27% for smoking, 10% for binge drinking, and 11% for marijuana use). In contrast, none of the other lifestyle behaviors evaluated significantly mediated the association. CONCLUSION The study's findings suggest that the role of peers' parents should not be overlooked when developing health-promoting interventions for adolescents. Policymakers and practitioners may wish to increase opportunities for students to benefit from health-related social learning from their peers' highly educated parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayun Jang
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinho Kim
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Adolescent connectedness and its impact on substance use in Jamaican adolescents. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-04050-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Vanwymelbeke J, De Coninck D, Matthijs K, Van Leeuwen K, Lierman S, Boone I, de Winter P, Toelen J. Clinical adolescent decision-making: parental perspectives on confidentiality and consent in Belgium and The Netherlands. ETHICS & BEHAVIOR 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10508422.2022.2086873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - David De Coninck
- Centre for Sociological Research, KU Leuven
- Leuven Child and Youth Institute, KU Leuven
| | - Koen Matthijs
- Centre for Sociological Research, KU Leuven
- Leuven Child and Youth Institute, KU Leuven
| | - Karla Van Leeuwen
- Leuven Child and Youth Institute, KU Leuven
- Parenting and Special Education, KU Leuven
| | - Steven Lierman
- Leuven Child and Youth Institute, KU Leuven
- Leuven Institute for Healthcare Policy, KU Leuven
| | - Ingrid Boone
- Leuven Child and Youth Institute, KU Leuven
- Faculty of Law and Criminology, KU Leuven Campus Kulak Kortrijk
| | - Peter de Winter
- Leuven Child and Youth Institute, KU Leuven
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven
- Department of Pediatrics, Spaarne Gasthuis
| | - Jaan Toelen
- Leuven Child and Youth Institute, KU Leuven
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals Leuven
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Wong MD, Quartz KH, Saunders M, Meza BP, Childress S, Seeman TE, Dudovitz RN. Turning Vicious Cycles Into Virtuous Ones: the Potential for Schools to Improve the Life Course. Pediatrics 2022; 149:186909. [PMID: 35503311 PMCID: PMC9113000 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2021-053509m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescence is a critical transition period that sets the stage for adulthood and future health outcomes. Marked by key developmental milestones in brain maturation, increasing independence from parents, and greater connections to peers, adolescence is also a time of heightened risk for behavioral health problems, including substance use, violence, delinquency, and mental health issues. High school completion is a significant life course event and a powerful social determinant of health and health disparities. Jessor's Theory of Problem Behavior suggests that adolescent health behaviors and mental health problems are closely tied to poor educational outcomes and peer network formation in a reinforcing feedback loop, or vicious cycle, often leading to school failure, school disengagement, and drop-out. Schools are a novel platform through which vicious cycles can be disrupted and replaced with virtuous ones, simultaneously improving education and health. This article describes the potential for schools to transform health trajectories through interventions creating positive and supportive school climates. In addition, new models such as the Whole School Whole Community Whole Child Model promote whole child well-being, including cognitive, social, emotional, psychological, and physical development. Full-service community schools can serve as a hub coordinating and integrating all available resources to better respond to the needs of children and families. Present in every neighborhood, schools are a way to reach every school-age child and improve their health trajectories, providing an important platform for life course intervention research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell D. Wong
- David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California,Address correspondence to Mitchell D. Wong, MD, Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research, 1100 Glendon Ave, Suite 850, Los Angeles, CA 90024. E-mail:
| | - Karen Hunter Quartz
- University of California, Los Angeles School of Education and Information Studies, Los Angeles, California
| | - Marisa Saunders
- University of California, Los Angeles School of Education and Information Studies, Los Angeles, California
| | - Ben P.L. Meza
- David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | | | - Teresa E. Seeman
- David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Rebecca N. Dudovitz
- David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
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Schick MR, Nalven T, Thomas ED, Weiss NH, Spillane NS. Depression and alcohol use in American Indian adolescents: The influence of family factors. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2022; 46:141-151. [PMID: 35076972 PMCID: PMC8988920 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rates of both depression and alcohol use are disproportionately higher among American Indian (AI) adolescents than adolescents in the general population. The co-occurrence of depression and alcohol use is common and clinically relevant given their reciprocal negative influences on outcomes. Family factors may be especially relevant because they could have a buffering effect on this relationship due to the importance of kinship and community in AI communities. The current study examines the roles of family warmth and parental monitoring in the association between depressive symptoms and alcohol use in a large, nationally representative sample of AI adolescents. METHODS Data were collected from 3498 AI 7th to 12th graders (47.8% female) residing on or near a reservation during the period 2009 to 2013. Participants reported on their depressive symptoms, family factors, and alcohol use. RESULTS There was a small, but statistically significant positive association between depressive symptoms and alcohol use (r = 0.11, p < 0.001). Greater depressive symptoms were associated with significantly less perceived family warmth (β = -0.09, 95% CI [-0.13, -0.06]), which was associated with significantly greater alcohol use (β = -0.39, 95% CI [-0.55, -0.23]). Family warmth significantly accounted for the association between depressive symptoms and alcohol use at high (β = 0.04, SE = 0.02, 95% CI [0.004, 0.09]), but not low, levels of parental monitoring (β = 0.02, SE = 0.02, 95% CI [-0.002, 0.06]). CONCLUSIONS Results of the present study suggest that developing culturally sensitive prevention and treatment approaches focusing on increasing both family warmth and parental monitoring are important to address the co-occurrence of depression and alcohol misuse among AI adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa R. Schick
- Department of Psychology University of Rhode Island Kingston Rhode Island USA
| | - Tessa Nalven
- Department of Psychology University of Rhode Island Kingston Rhode Island USA
| | - Emmanuel D. Thomas
- Department of Psychology University of Rhode Island Kingston Rhode Island USA
| | - Nicole H. Weiss
- Department of Psychology University of Rhode Island Kingston Rhode Island USA
| | - Nichea S. Spillane
- Department of Psychology University of Rhode Island Kingston Rhode Island USA
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Marziali ME, Levy NS, Martins SS. Perceptions of peer and parental attitudes toward substance use and actual adolescent substance use: The impact of adolescent-confidant relationships. Subst Abus 2022; 43:1085-1093. [PMID: 35442871 PMCID: PMC9706817 DOI: 10.1080/08897077.2022.2060439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Objective: While peer influence is a well-documented risk factor for adolescent substance use, it remains unclear whether peer or parental attitudes have greater impact, and if this relationship is moderated by having a confidant and the relationship between adolescents and their confidant. Method: Pooled (2015-2018) National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) data on adolescents (12-17 years) were used. Perceived peer and parental disapproval of tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana use were dichotomized. We assessed associations between disapproval and past-month tobacco (N = 51,352), alcohol (N = 51,407), and marijuana use (N = 51,355) using separate multivariable logistic regression models. We explored effect modification by the presence of a confidant, parental vs. non-parental disapproval, and peer vs. non-peer confidant relationship. Results: Peer and parental disapproval, presence of any confidant, and identifying a parental confidant were consistently protective against substance use; identifying a peer confidant increased odds of use across substances. For marijuana use, peer disapproval (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 0.07, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.06, 0.08) was more protective than parental disapproval (aOR: 0.13, 95% CI: 0.12, 0.15). The joint presence of peer/parental disapproval and any confidant decreased the odds of substance use beyond the individual effects of peer/parental disapproval and having a confidant. However, having a peer confidant attenuated the protective association between peer/parental disapproval and tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana use. Conclusions: Both peer and parental relationships are salient when considering the social context of adolescent substance use and should be considered when studying the effects of perceived disapproval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E. Marziali
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 W 168th St, New York, NY, 10032
| | - Natalie S. Levy
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 W 168th St, New York, NY, 10032
| | - Silvia S. Martins
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 W 168th St, New York, NY, 10032,Corresponding author: Dr. Silvia Martins, , Phone: 212-305-2848, Address: 722 W 168th St, 5th floor, Room 509, New York, NY, 10032
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Vallata A, O'Loughlin J, Cengelli S, Alla F. Predictors of Cigarette Smoking Cessation in Adolescents: A Systematic Review. J Adolesc Health 2021; 68:649-657. [PMID: 33191057 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To update a systematic review published in 2012 that identified predictors of cigarette smoking cessation among adolescents. METHODS The PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched for relevant articles published between September 2010 and January 2018, using the following keywords: smoking OR tobacco OR cessation; quit OR stop; longitudinal OR prospective OR cohort. Our search identified 3,399 articles. Inclusion criteria included longitudinal studies (intervention and cohort studies) evaluating cigarette smoking cessation in young people (aged 10-24 years). After screening, in total, 34 articles were included in the review. RESULTS In total, 63 predictors of smoking cessation among adolescents were identified, with 36 new predictors that were not identified in the previous review: nine sociodemographic factors, 13 psychosocial factors, five behavioral factors, 19 social influences factors, eight smoking related variables, six environmental factors, 2 health related variables, and one genetic factor. CONCLUSIONS To increase the probability of successful smoking cessation, strategies targeting young smokers should consider both individual and environmental predictors of cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amandine Vallata
- Bordeaux Research Center for Population Health - BPH, U1219 Inserm, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France.
| | | | | | - François Alla
- Bordeaux Research Center for Population Health - BPH, U1219 Inserm, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
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14
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Harris KM, Halpern CT, Whitsel EA, Hussey JM, Killeya-Jones LA, Tabor J, Dean SC. Cohort Profile: The National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health). Int J Epidemiol 2020; 48:1415-1415k. [PMID: 31257425 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyz115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Mullan Harris
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Sociology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Carolyn Tucker Halpern
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Maternal and Child Health, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Eric A Whitsel
- Department of Epidemiology and Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jon M Hussey
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Maternal and Child Health, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ley A Killeya-Jones
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Epidemiology Research Team, Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Joyce Tabor
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Sarah C Dean
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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15
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Nkansah-Amankra S. Revisiting the Association Between "Gateway Hypothesis" of Early Drug Use and Drug Use Progression: A Cohort Analysis of Peer Influences on Drug Use Progression Among a Population Cohort. Subst Use Misuse 2020; 55:998-1007. [PMID: 32077787 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2020.1720245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Background and objective: Findings from observational studies indicate that early drug use is a strong predictor of further drug abuse. Because competing explanations abound in cross-sectional studies, causal interpretations from these investigations pose considerable challenge. We evaluated the relationship between early drug use and progression, while estimating modifying influences of adolescents' social contexts. Method: We applied a national longitudinal survey of 11,182 adolescents growing into adulthood over a 14-year period. The data provided a natural setting to evaluate the relationship between early drug use and drug use in three subsequent waves. We applied generalized estimating equation models to analyze these relationships. Results: Evidence showed over a relatively short period (approximately one year) early drug use was an independent predictor of illicit drugs in adolescence but not adulthood. The adjusted odds ratio for using substances in adulthood were marijuana (aOR, 1.33; 95% CI: 1.11-1.60), illicit drugs (aOR, 1.49; 95% CI: 1.04-2.12) and cocaine (aOR, 5.00; 95% CI: 2.75-9.10). Further, drug use was higher among older adolescence living in a neighborhood and reporting drug use as a big problem. In adulthood, neighborhood drug problems appear to have minimal influence on drug use escalation. Conclusion: The current findings call into question the causal interpretation of early drug use among adolescents as determinants of future drug escalation in adulthood. The overall impact of peer relationships on future drug escalation might depend on not only the extent of adolescent closeness to peers but also on continuity of friendship over time and other influencing social contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Nkansah-Amankra
- Department of Behavioral & Community Health (BCH), School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
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16
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Jesmin SS, Amin I. Diseases of Despair and Social Capital: Findings from a Population-Based Survey on Opioid Misuse among Adolescents. Subst Use Misuse 2020; 55:1993-2001. [PMID: 32597297 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2020.1784949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Deaths related to opioid overdose have increased substantially in the past few years, raising concerns about how to combat this public health emergency. Objectives: We investigated the association of family, school, and community social capital with opioid misuse in the adolescent population. In addition, we examined if adolescents' depressive symptoms have any mediating effects on opioid misuse. Methods: We used the 2018 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) data, and two substantive models with binary logistic regressions. Three social capital variables were added to the full model with control for sociodemographic and health status variables. A mediation analysis was estimated for family and school social capital, major depressive episodes in the past year, and opioid misuse. Results: We found statistically significant relationships between adolescent opioid misuse and family and school social capital. Adolescents' odds of opioid misuse decreased 10% with each additional family situation where they felt supported. Not knowing students in their grade who drank alcohol or used marijuana/hashish decreased the odds of misusing opioids 42% (p < .01). Experience of depressive episodes acted as a mediator for the social capital effects on adolescents' opioid misuse. Conclusions: Our findings lend support that opioid misuse is associated with despair, and therefore, opioid prevention programs need to incorporate strategies to address mental health issues as well. Our findings also underscore the need for focusing on increasing parental awareness and involvement as well as scaling up prevention efforts in high schools where substance abuse is relatively higher.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syeda S Jesmin
- Department of Sociology, University of North Texas at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Iftekhar Amin
- Department of Counseling and Human Services, University of North Texas at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA
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17
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Shah J, Janssen E, Le Nézet O, Spilka S. Doping among high school students: findings from the French ESPAD survey. Eur J Public Health 2019; 29:1135-1140. [PMID: 31211352 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckz116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increasing use of doping by youth is a growing public health concern. The present study aimed to calculate robust estimates of the prevalence of doping among French high school students and study factors related to the use of licit vs. banned agents. METHODS The European School Project on Alcohol and other Drugs (ESPAD), a nationally representative school-based survey, was distributed across France from April to May 2015, generating a final sample size of 6642 students. Multilevel modelling was used to examine covariates of doping to enhance athletic performance in sport in this population. RESULTS Overall, 2.3% of students used banned agents, and 6.1% used licit and banned substances to improve athletic performance. Significant gender differences existed for both, with males more prone to doping than females. Our findings provide support for the existing gateway hypothesis that nutritional supplementation leads to doping banned agents. Multilevel modelling revealed the presence of both school and class-level influences on individual use of licit substances, vs. solely class-level factors impacting the use of banned agents, suggesting a strong peer-effect. CONCLUSIONS These findings support the need to engage in early doping prevention through high schools. Programmes should draw attention to the role of licit substances, including nutritional supplementation, in the progression to using banned agents and encompass the continuum of adolescent risk taking through a behaviour-based approach to doping prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jalpa Shah
- General Population Surveys Unit, French Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (OFDT), Paris, France
| | - Eric Janssen
- General Population Surveys Unit, French Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (OFDT), Paris, France
| | - Olivier Le Nézet
- General Population Surveys Unit, French Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (OFDT), Paris, France
| | - Stanislas Spilka
- General Population Surveys Unit, French Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (OFDT), Paris, France.,General Population Surveys Unit, Research Centre on Population Epidemiology and Health (Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et Santé des Populations-CESP), Unit 1018, INSERM, Villejuif, France
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18
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Measurement and Function of the Control Dimension in Parenting Styles: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16173157. [PMID: 31470633 PMCID: PMC6747547 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16173157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have shown different results in identifying which parenting style is the most beneficial for children, which has encouraged certain authors to wonder whether parental control is still needed for optimal parenting. As such investigations have been conducted with different measuring instruments, it is necessary to check whether the use of different instruments leads to different results. In order to figure this out, a systematic review of the recent literature (Web of Science and Scopus, 2000–2017) was carried out. This review found that, using certain instruments, parental control is associated with better outcomes in children, while using certain others, control is associated with worse outcomes. The difference seems to be in the way of measuring parental control.
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19
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Jackson PR. A Transgenerational Perspective on Prevention and Treatment of Adolescent Substance Use Disorders. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2019; 29:477-478. [PMID: 30969132 DOI: 10.1089/cap.2018.0174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter R Jackson
- Department Psychiatry, University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont Health Network, Burlington, Vermont
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20
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Chen Y, Kubzansky LD, VanderWeele TJ. Parental warmth and flourishing in mid-life. Soc Sci Med 2019; 220:65-72. [PMID: 30396119 PMCID: PMC6309475 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2018.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined the longitudinal association between parental warmth and offspring flourishing in mid-life. We also considered associations between parental warmth and a number of mental health problems and adverse health behavioral outcomes. METHOD Longitudinal data from the Midlife in the United States Study (N = 3,929, mean baseline age = 47.4 years) were analyzed using generalized estimating equations. Parental warmth in childhood was recalled at phase I (1995-1996), while flourishing and other outcomes were self-reported at phase II (2004-2006). Following an approach developed by Keyes, flourishing was operationalized as a combined measure incorporating assessments of three aspects of well-being, including emotional, psychological, and social well-being. RESULTS The results suggest that parental warmth was positively associated with the continuous score of flourishing (B = 0.21, 95% CI = 0.18, 0.25). The association was not specific to any particular component (emotional, psychological, or social well-being) or subdomain of flourishing. Parental warmth was also inversely associated with several adverse health behavior outcomes such as drug use and smoking. CONCLUSIONS Parental warmth in childhood may help promote offspring functioning across multiple domains of well-being in mid-life. The findings help to strengthen the call for a public health focus on the importance of parenting for outcomes beyond childhood and well into adulthood, and suggest the value of targeting parenting practices for prevention and intervention strategies to improve population health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- Human Flourishing Program, Institute for Quantitative Social Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Laura D Kubzansky
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tyler J VanderWeele
- Human Flourishing Program, Institute for Quantitative Social Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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21
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Martins-Oliveira JG, Kawachi I, Paiva PCP, Paiva HND, Pordeus IA, Zarzar PM. Correlates of binge drinking among Brazilian adolescents. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2018; 23:3445-3452. [DOI: 10.1590/1413-812320182310.29072016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Adolescence is a vulnerable period for risk-taking tendencies, including binge drinking. The aim of this study was to examined the prevalence of binge drinking and its association with factors related to the consumption of alcoholic beverages by best friend, familial factors, socioeconomic status and religiosity. A Census of 633 students from public and private schools in Diamantina-MG was conducted. Participants completed a self-administered questionnaire, the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-C (AUDIT-C) and, another on the consumption of alcohol by family and friends. Surveys inquiring about socioeconomic conditions were sent to parents/guardians. Descriptive and bivariate analyzes were performed (p < 0.05). The log-binomial model was used to calculate PR and 95% CI. The prevalence of binge drinking was 23.1%. The average age of onset of alcohol consumption was 10,8 years. Binge drinking was more prevalent among adolescents whose best friend [OR = 4.72 (95% CI 2.78-8.03)] and brother [PR = 1.46 (95% CI 1.10-1.92)] drink alcohol. Religiosity [PR = 0.40 (95% CI 0.27-0.62)] appeared as a possible protective factor. Our findings indicate that peer effects are important determinants of drinking and could be utilized as a potential target for interventions to reduce alcohol consumption rates.
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22
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Bagot KS, Matthews SA, Mason M, Squeglia LM, Fowler J, Gray K, Herting M, May A, Colrain I, Godino J, Tapert S, Brown S, Patrick K. Current, future and potential use of mobile and wearable technologies and social media data in the ABCD study to increase understanding of contributors to child health. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2018; 32:121-129. [PMID: 29636283 PMCID: PMC6447367 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2018.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mobile and wearable technologies and novel methods of data collection are innovating health-related research. These technologies and methods allow for multi-system level capture of data across environmental, physiological, behavioral, and psychological domains. In the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study, there is great potential for harnessing the acceptability, accessibility, and functionality of mobile and social technologies for in-vivo data capture to precisely measure factors, and interactions between factors, that contribute to childhood and adolescent neurodevelopment and psychosocial and health outcomes. Here we discuss advances in mobile and wearable technologies and methods of analysis of geospatial, ecologic, social network and behavioral data. Incorporating these technologies into the ABCD study will allow for interdisciplinary research on the effects of place, social interactions, environment, and substance use on health and developmental outcomes in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Bagot
- University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
| | - S A Matthews
- Penn State University, 507 Oswald Tower, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
| | - M Mason
- University of Tennessee, Henson Hall, 213 Knoxville, Knoxville, TN, 37996-3332, USA.
| | - Lindsay M Squeglia
- Medical University of South Carolina, 125 Doughty Street, Suite 190, MSC861, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA.
| | - J Fowler
- University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
| | - K Gray
- Medical University of South Carolina, 125 Doughty Street, Suite 190, MSC861, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA.
| | - M Herting
- University of Southern California, 2011 N Soto St., Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA.
| | - A May
- University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - I Colrain
- SRI International, 333 Ravenswood Avenue, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA.
| | - J Godino
- University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
| | - S Tapert
- University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
| | - S Brown
- University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
| | - K Patrick
- University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
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23
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Janssen E, Spilka S, Le Nézet O, Shah J. On the question of non-medical cognitive enhancers among in-school adolescents: prevalence, predictors and potential health-related harms. Int J Adolesc Med Health 2018; 32:/j/ijamh.ahead-of-print/ijamh-2018-0018/ijamh-2018-0018.xml. [PMID: 30004903 DOI: 10.1515/ijamh-2018-0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about the use of non-medical cognitive enhancers (NCEs) in the general population, and even less among youth. The study utilises a nationally representative, cross-sectional survey of adolescents attending high schools to provide a comprehensive overview of NCEs and to assess risk factors such as socio-demographics, schooling, mental health and related substance use among French adolescents. A total of 6692 students attending high school (secondary schools) answered an anonymous questionnaire collecting information on demographics, health, psychoactive substance uses (neuroleptics, tobacco, alcohol, cannabis, illicit substances) and patterns of sociability. The use of cognitive enhancers appears to be an underestimated phenomenon among youth. Prevalence of use is heavily gender-influenced, with females twice as likely to use NCEs than males. More than daily school commitments, the use of cognitive enhancers is related to the proximity of the national secondary education examination. Moreover, mental health, use of prescribed anxiolytics and other psychoactive substances are significantly independently associated with the use of cognitive enhancers, particularly among females. The unregulated use of cognitive enhancers is a predictor of potential mental frailty and a substance-based response to stressful events, a behaviour likely to persist during adulthood. The study underpins the lack of contextual and comparable data. Systematic monitoring of younger students in neighbouring countries is required to develop reliable prevention programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Janssen
- French Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addictions (Observatoire Français des Drogues et des Toxicomanies - OFDT), 3 Avenue du Stade de France, 93218 La Plaine, Saint Denis, France, Phone: +33 1 41 62 77 44, Fax: +33 1 41 62 77 00
| | - Stanislas Spilka
- French Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addictions (Observatoire Français des Drogues et des Toxicomanies - OFDT), Saint Denis, France.,Research Centre on Population Epidemiology and Health (Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et Santé des Populations - CESP), Unit 1018, INSERM, Villejuif, France
| | - Olivier Le Nézet
- French Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addictions (Observatoire Français des Drogues et des Toxicomanies - OFDT), Saint Denis, France
| | - Jalpa Shah
- French Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addictions (Observatoire Français des Drogues et des Toxicomanies - OFDT), Saint Denis, France
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24
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Scott MS. Commentary: Perspectives on alcohol-related gene and environment interplay in diverse populations. Am J Addict 2018; 26:526-531. [PMID: 28745447 DOI: 10.1111/ajad.12584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Racial/ethnic groups comprise more than 20% of the U.S. population, but many experience disproportionately high risk for alcohol misuse, often resulting in higher rates of alcohol-associated consequences. Completion of mapping the human genome has launched rapidly evolving research methods aimed at improved understanding of genetic contribution to disease. Despite decades of research on the influence of genetic and environmental risks on alcohol use disorders and outcomes, few studies have included racial/ethnic subpopulations in sufficient numbers to allow for proper statistical analysis. METHODS The papers in this special issue help to elucidate current knowledge on the etiology of genetic and environmental contributors and potential moderators of alcohol use and associated problems among racial/ethnic populations. The lack of racial/ethnic diversity across many genetic studies contributes to challenges in interpretation of findings and eventually applications to precision medicine. RESULTS Proposed approaches to overcome disparities in racial/ethnic participant recruitment in genetic studies include methods to address population stratification in allele frequency, improve transparency in subjects' consenting to participate, and engaging interdisciplinary research teams and community involvement to improve recruitment of racial/ethnic minorities. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS The reviews presented underscore various gaps in our knowledge of the genetic influences on alcohol use disorders due to the failure to include racially and ethnically diverse populations in genetic and epigenetic study samples. New directions are suggested to overcome the resulting research challenges and ultimately to inform future personalized intervention approaches for racial/ethnic populations. SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE Inclusion of heterogeneous populations in genomic research will provide a better comprehension of possible unique genetic factors in the broader general population that may be missed due to exclusion of unique and common variants that may be present in racial/ethnic populations. (Am J Addict 2017;26:526-531).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcia S Scott
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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25
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Lau C, Wong M, Dudovitz R. School Disciplinary Style and Adolescent Health. J Adolesc Health 2018; 62:136-142. [PMID: 29102555 PMCID: PMC5803299 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2017.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Parenting style is strongly associated with adolescent health. However, little is known about how school disciplinary style relates to health. We categorized adolescents' perceptions of their schools as authoritative, authoritarian, permissive, or neglectful, and test whether perceived school disciplinary style is associated with health. METHODS We analyze data from the RISE Up study (Reducing Health Inequities Through Social and Educational Change Follow-up), comprised of baseline (eighth grade) and 2-year follow-up surveys (10th grade) from 1,159 low-income minority adolescents in Los Angeles attending 157 schools. At 10th grade, students' ratings of school support and structure were used to categorize perceived school disciplinary style as authoritative (highest tertile for support and structure), authoritarian (low support, high structure), permissive (high support, low structure), neglectful (low on both dimensions), and average (middle tertile on either dimension). Mixed effects logistic regressions controlling for sociodemographic factors, parenting style, grades, and baseline health tested whether school disciplinary style was associated with substance use, violence, bullying, and depression symptoms. RESULTS Risky behaviors varied by school disciplinary style. After adjusting for covariates, compared with an average school disciplinary style, a neglectful school was associated with higher odds of substance use (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 2.3, p < .001) and bullying (AOR 1.5, p = .02), a permissive school was associated with higher odds of depression symptoms (AOR 2.1, p = .04), and an authoritative school was associated with lower odds of substance use (AOR .6, p = .049), violence (AOR .6, p = .03), and bullying (AOR .5, p = .001). CONCLUSIONS Structured and supportive school environments may impact the health of vulnerable adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Lau
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Mitchell Wong
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Rebecca Dudovitz
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California.
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26
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Kuipers MAG, Haal S, Kunst AE. Socioeconomic Differences in Parenting Strategies to Prevent Adolescent Smoking: A Case Study from the Netherlands. Int J Behav Med 2017; 23:364-371. [PMID: 26883869 PMCID: PMC4863032 DOI: 10.1007/s12529-016-9543-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to identify possible socioeconomic differences in the use of anti-smoking parenting strategies. Methods In 2012, survey data of adolescents (N = 225) aged 13 to 17 years and their mothers (N = 122) and fathers (N = 105) were collected in Haarlem, the Netherlands. Questions on smoking behaviour and eleven anti-smoking parenting strategies were answered by adolescents, mothers and fathers. School tracks of adolescents and educational level of parents were measured as indicators of socioeconomic position. Linear multilevel regression analyses were applied to study the association between socioeconomic position (SEP) and standardised scores of anti-smoking strategies. Analyses were controlled for age, sex and smoking by parents and adolescents. Results We found no consistent socioeconomic differences in the use of anti-smoking parenting strategies. There were no statistically significant differences in relation to parental educational level or when using adolescent reports on parenting practices. However, when using parental reports, a few strategies varied significantly according to adolescent educational track. Adolescents in higher educational tracks were more likely to have no-smoking rules in the home (standardised regression coefficient (β) = 0.20, 95 % confidence interval (CI): 0.03; 0.37, p = 0.022) and more likely to have a no-smoking agreement (β = 0.17, 95 % CI: 0.00; 0.34, p = 0.048). However, they were less likely to frequently communicate about smoking with their parents (β = −0.25, 95 % CI: −0.41; −0.08, p = 0.004). Conclusion In this specific population, there was no consistent support for the hypothesis that anti-smoking parenting strategies contribute to socioeconomic inequalities in adolescent smoking. Parental factors that are more likely to contribute to these inequalities include parental smoking and parenting styles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirte A G Kuipers
- Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 22660, 1100 DD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Sylke Haal
- Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 22660, 1100 DD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anton E Kunst
- Department of Public Health, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 22660, 1100 DD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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27
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Shakya HB, Fariss CJ, Ojeda C, Raj A, Reed E. Social Network Clustering of Sexual Violence Experienced by Adolescent Girls. Am J Epidemiol 2017; 186:796-804. [PMID: 28525565 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwx154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We used data on 3,139 female social network friendship dyads from 3 waves of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (wave I: 1994-1995; wave II: 1996; and wave IV: 2007-2008) to assess whether friends' reports of experiencing sexual violence (SV) and friends' substance use risk scores predicted whether adolescents and young adults would experience SV themselves. We also used longitudinal analyses to test the associations of combined wave-I and -II risk factors with wave-IV reports of SV and of combined wave-I and -II SV with network connectivity at wave II. After adjustment for a participant's substance use risk score, each 1-point increase in a friend's substance use risk score increased a respondent's odds of experiencing SV by 1.19 (95% confidence interval: 1.03, 1.36). Having a friend who reported SV increased a respondent's odds of reporting SV by 1.95 (95% confidence interval: 1.25, 3.07), although not after we included school-level fixed effects. Having a friend who experienced SV in adolescence did however increase the respondent's odds of reporting SV as a young adult by 1.54 (95% confidence interval: 1.00, 2.37). Respondents who reported SV by wave II had less network connectedness at wave II. Experiences of SV and substance use within adolescent girls' friendship networks are linked to risk for SV into young adulthood, which suggests that network-focused SV prevention and intervention approaches may be warranted.
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Smirnov I, Thurner S. Formation of homophily in academic performance: Students change their friends rather than performance. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183473. [PMID: 28854202 PMCID: PMC5576666 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Homophily, the tendency of individuals to associate with others who share similar traits, has been identified as a major driving force in the formation and evolution of social ties. In many cases, it is not clear if homophily is the result of a socialization process, where individuals change their traits according to the dominance of that trait in their local social networks, or if it results from a selection process, in which individuals reshape their social networks so that their traits match those in the new environment. Here we demonstrate the detailed temporal formation of strong homophily in academic achievements of high school and university students. We analyze a unique dataset that contains information about the detailed time evolution of a friendship network of 6,000 students across 42 months. Combining the evolving social network data with the time series of the academic performance (GPA) of individual students, we show that academic homophily is a result of selection: students prefer to gradually reorganize their social networks according to their performance levels, rather than adapting their performance to the level of their local group. We find no signs for a pull effect, where a social environment of good performers motivates bad students to improve their performance. We are able to understand the underlying dynamics of grades and networks with a simple model. The lack of a social pull effect in classical educational settings could have important implications for the understanding of the observed persistence of segregation, inequality and social immobility in societies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Smirnov
- Institute of Education, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
| | - Stefan Thurner
- Section for Science of Complex Systems, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM, United States of America
- IIASA, Laxenburg, Austria
- Complexity Science Hub Vienna, Josefstädterstr. 39, A-1080, Vienna, Austria
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Abstract
The term "new psychoactive substances" (NPS) can be defined as individual drugs in pure form or in complex preparations that are not scheduled under the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs (1961) or the Convention on Psychotropic Substances (1971). NPS may be categorized by chemical structure, by psychoactive properties, by biological targets, or by source (plant, synthetic, or combined). The emergence of hundreds of NPS in the past decade is challenging for public health and drug policies globally. The novelty of NPS, their ambiguous legal status, ability to evade toxicological tests, swift adaptation to legal restrictions, global Internet marketing, and scant public knowledge of their adverse effects are among the key drivers of this twenty-first century phenomenon. Multi-disciplinary research in areas of biology, epidemiology, prevention, and web analytics are needed to develop effective responses in a domain capable of overwhelming current international conventions and national drug control policies. Ultimately, research-guided prevention education will fortify societies against this tidal wave.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertha K Madras
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Boston, MA, USA.
- Division of Alcohol and Drug Abuse, McLean Hospital, Oaks Building, Room 342, 115 Mill Street, Belmont, MA, 02478, USA.
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Abasi I, Mohammadkhani P. Family Risk Factors Among Women With Addiction-Related Problems: An Integrative Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HIGH RISK BEHAVIORS & ADDICTION 2016; 5:e27071. [PMID: 27622169 PMCID: PMC5002339 DOI: 10.5812/ijhrba.27071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Revised: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Recent years have produced many articles about women's addiction and its risk factors and the consequences of substance use and misuse in the emotional, social, psychological, and economic domains of life. Family vulnerabilities are one of the most important variables contributing to addiction among women. Thus, the purpose of this article is to investigate areas of family life that lead to women's taking up and maintaining drug and alcohol abuse. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION A database search of PubMed, ScienceDirect, Springer, and Google Scholar was conducted using the following keywords: "women and addiction", "women addiction and family", "addiction", "substance abuse" and "family". For the first step, we chose studies that were conducted between 2000 and 2015, and for the second step, studies conducted before 2000. We categorized all search results into three main groups: processes related to family disturbances, factors related to parenting styles, and variables related to partners. RESULTS Partners, parenting styles, and family disturbances are three main factors affecting children growing up in a family and their inclination toward addiction. Some of these pathways are complicated and indirect, and some are straightforward. CONCLUSIONS Future research should pay more attention to the mechanisms and pathways mediating or moderating the relationship between family risk factors and addiction in women. Clinicians and researchers should keep in mind these vulnerabilities and take into consideration factors special to processes related to addiction in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imaneh Abasi
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Parvaneh Mohammadkhani
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Parvaneh Mohammadkhani, Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran. Tel: +98-2122180045, Fax: +98-2122180045, E-mail:
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Goto Y, Lee YA, Yamaguchi Y, Jas E. Biological mechanisms underlying evolutionary origins of psychotic and mood disorders. Neurosci Res 2016; 111:13-24. [PMID: 27230505 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2016.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Psychotic and mood disorders are brain dysfunctions that are caused by gene environment interactions. Although these disorders are disadvantageous and involve behavioral phenotypes that decrease the reproductive success of afflicted individuals in the modern human society, the prevalence of these disorders have remained constant in the population. Here, we propose several biological mechanisms by which the genes associated with psychotic and mood disorders could be selected for in specific environmental conditions that provide evolutionary bases for explanations of when, why, and where these disorders emerged and have been maintained in humans. We discuss the evolutionary origins of psychotic and mood disorders with specific focuses on the roles of dopamine and serotonin in the conditions of social competitiveness/hierarchy and maternal care and other potential mechanisms, such as social network homophily and symbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiori Goto
- Cognition and Learning Section, Department of Cognitive Science, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi, 484-8506, Japan.
| | - Young-A Lee
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 712-702, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoshie Yamaguchi
- Cognition and Learning Section, Department of Cognitive Science, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi, 484-8506, Japan
| | - Emanuel Jas
- Graduate School of Natural Sciences, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 5, 3584 CC, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Shakya HB, Hughes DA, Stafford D, Christakis NA, Fowler JH, Silverman JG. Intimate partner violence norms cluster within households: an observational social network study in rural Honduras. BMC Public Health 2016; 16:233. [PMID: 26951919 PMCID: PMC4782313 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-2893-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a complex global problem, not only because it is a human rights issue, but also because it is associated with chronic mental and physical illnesses as well as acute health outcomes related to injuries for women and their children. Attitudes, beliefs, and norms regarding IPV are significantly associated with the likelihood of both IPV experience and perpetration. Methods We investigated whether IPV acceptance is correlated across socially connected individuals, whether these correlations differ across types of relationships, and whether social position is associated with the likelihood of accepting IPV. We used sociocentric network data from 831 individuals in rural Honduras to assess the association of IPV acceptance between socially connected individuals across 15 different types of relationships, both within and between households. We also investigated the association between network position and IPV acceptance. Results We found that having a social contact that accepts IPV is strongly associated with IPV acceptance among individuals. For women the clustering of IPV acceptance was not significant in between-household relationships, but was concentrated within households. For men, however, while IPV acceptance was strongly clustered within households, men’s acceptance of IPV was also correlated with people with whom they regularly converse, their mothers and their siblings, regardless of household. We also found that IPV was more likely to be accepted by less socially-central individuals, and that the correlation between a social contact’s IPV acceptance was stronger on the periphery, suggesting that, as a norm, it is held on the periphery of the community. Conclusion Our results show that differential targeting of individuals and relationships in order to reduce the acceptability and, subsequently, the prevalence of IPV may be most effective. Because IPV norms seem to be strongly held within households, the household is probably the most logical unit to target in order to implement change. This approach would include the possible benefit of a generational effect. Finally, in social contexts in which perpetration of IPV is not socially acceptable, the most effective strategy may be to implement change not at the center but at the periphery of the community. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12889-016-2893-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly B Shakya
- Department of Global Public Health, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, #0507, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0507, USA.
| | - D Alex Hughes
- Department of Political Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Derek Stafford
- Department of Political Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | | | - James H Fowler
- Department of Global Public Health, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, #0507, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0507, USA. .,Department of Political Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Jay G Silverman
- Department of Global Public Health, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, #0507, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0507, USA.
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Berge J, Sundell K, Öjehagen A, Håkansson A. Role of parenting styles in adolescent substance use: results from a Swedish longitudinal cohort study. BMJ Open 2016; 6:e008979. [PMID: 26769781 PMCID: PMC4735309 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-008979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adolescent substance use is an area of concern because early substance use is associated with a higher risk of adverse outcomes. Parenting style, defined as the general style of parenting, as well as substance-specific parenting practices may influence children's substance use behaviour. The present study aims to probe the impact of parenting style on adolescent substance use. METHOD A cohort of 1268 adolescents (48% girls), aged 12-13 years at baseline, from 21 junior high schools was assessed in the first semester of junior high school, and then again in the last semester of the 9th grade, 32 months later. Parenting style, operationalised as a fourfold classification of parenting styles, including established risk factors for adolescent substance use, were measured at baseline. RESULTS Neglectful parenting style was associated with worse substance use outcomes across all substances. After adjusting for other proximal risk factors in multivariate analyses, parenting style was found to be unrelated to substance use outcomes with one exception: authoritative parenting style was associated with less frequent drinking. Association with deviant peers, delinquent behaviour, provision of alcohol by parents, and previous use of other substances were associated with substance use outcomes at follow-up. CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study indicate that parenting style may be less important for adolescent substance use outcomes than what has previously been assumed, and that association with deviant peers and delinquent behaviour may be more important for adolescent substance use outcomes than general parenting style.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Berge
- Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - K Sundell
- Medical Management Center Department of Learning, Informatics, Management & Ethics Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Shakya HB, Christakis NA, Fowler JH. Self-comparisons as motivators for healthy behavior. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2015; 23:2477-84. [PMID: 26465785 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We explored whether individuals' comparison of themselves to their social contacts, specifically feeling fitter or thinner than friends, is a significant predictor of three weight-loss behaviors (dieting, reducing alcohol, exercising). METHODS We used a longitudinal survey of a national sample of Americans (N = 20,373) to measure respondents' personal social networks and their self-comparisons to their social contacts at two annual waves. RESULTS Participants who felt thinner than friends in Wave 1 had 1.16 lower odds of dieting in Wave 2. Those who felt fitter than friends in Wave 1 had 1.10 times higher odds of reducing alcohol and 1.18 times higher odds of exercising in Wave 2. We found that 20% of the relationship between feeling thin at baseline and subsequent dieting may be because feeling heavier than friends makes one want to lose weight. This same dynamic accounts for 25% of the relationship between feeling fit and dieting and 12% of the relationship between feeling thin and reducing alcohol. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that normative self-comparison with important others is a potentially salient determinant of obesity-related health behavior and appears to work differently depending upon the behavior. Interventions may benefit from exploiting social comparisons in targeted ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly B Shakya
- Family Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | | | - James H Fowler
- Family Medicine and Public Health, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
- Department of Political Science, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
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Tondowski CS, Bedendo A, Zuquetto C, Locatelli DP, Opaleye ES, Noto AR. Estilos parentais como fator de proteção ao consumo de tabaco entre adolescentes brasileiros. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2015; 31:2514-22. [DOI: 10.1590/0102-311x00168614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumo O objetivo foi analisar a associação entre o uso de tabaco (no mês e frequente) com os estilos parentais e o comportamento de fumar dos pais, em uma amostra de estudantes do Ensino Médio. Foram avaliados 17.246 estudantes do Ensino Médio de escolas públicas e privadas das 27 capitais brasileiras. A prevalência do uso de tabaco na vida foi de 25,2%, 15,3% no ano, 8,6% no mês, e 3,2% para uso frequente. Em relação aos estilos parentais, 39,2% dos pais foram classificados como negligentes, 33,3% autoritativos, 15,6% como indulgentes e 11,9% autoritários. Comparados a estudantes com pais autoritativos, filhos de pais negligentes ou indulgentes tiveram maior chance de relatar o uso no último mês ou frequente de tabaco. Observou-se uma associação entre o estilo parental e uso de cigarros por estudantes do Ensino Médio. O estilo parental autoritativo foi associado à proteção ao uso de tabaco no mês e frequente entre os adolescentes.
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Hipp JR, Wang C, Butts CT, Jose R, Lakon CM. Research Note: The consequences of different methods for handling missing network data in Stochastic Actor Based Models. SOCIAL NETWORKS 2015; 41:56-71. [PMID: 25745276 PMCID: PMC4346092 DOI: 10.1016/j.socnet.2014.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Although stochastic actor based models (e.g., as implemented in the SIENA software program) are growing in popularity as a technique for estimating longitudinal network data, a relatively understudied issue is the consequence of missing network data for longitudinal analysis. We explore this issue in our research note by utilizing data from four schools in an existing dataset (the AddHealth dataset) over three time points, assessing the substantive consequences of using four different strategies for addressing missing network data. The results indicate that whereas some measures in such models are estimated relatively robustly regardless of the strategy chosen for addressing missing network data, some of the substantive conclusions will differ based on the missing data strategy chosen. These results have important implications for this burgeoning applied research area, implying that researchers should more carefully consider how they address missing data when estimating such models.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R. Hipp
- Department of Criminology, Law and Society and Department of Sociology, University of California, Irvine
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King KA, Vidourek RA, Merianos AL. The association between parenting behaviours and marijuana use based on adolescent age. DRUGS-EDUCATION PREVENTION AND POLICY 2015. [DOI: 10.3109/09687637.2015.1025703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keith A. King
- Department of Health Promotion and Education, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Rebecca A. Vidourek
- Department of Health Promotion and Education, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Ashley L. Merianos
- Department of Health Promotion and Education, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Pesola F, Shelton KH, Heron J, Munafò M, Maughan B, Hickman M, van den Bree MB. The mediating role of deviant peers on the link between depressed mood and harmful drinking. J Adolesc Health 2015; 56:153-9. [PMID: 25620300 PMCID: PMC4961232 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2014.10.268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Revised: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE One's peer group can have a strong impact on depressed mood and harmful drinking in adolescence. It remains unclear whether affiliation with deviant peers explains the link between these traits. Our study aims to (1) explore the developmental relationship between harmful drinking and depressed mood in adolescence and (2) establish to which extent affiliation with deviant peers explains this relationship. METHODS A total of 4,863 adolescents from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children were assessed between the ages of 14 and 16 years. Harmful drinking was established using age-appropriate measures: the Semi-Structured Assessment for the Genetics of Alcoholism in mid-adolescence (age, 14 years) and the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test in late adolescence (age, 16 years). Depressed mood was measured by the Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire at both ages. Affiliation with deviant peers was assessed at the age of 15 years. RESULTS Harmful drinking at the age of 14 years predicted depressed mood 2 years later. This association was explained by affiliation with deviant peers and remained present even after adjustment for earlier depressed mood. Depressed mood at the age of 14 years predicted harmful drinking at the age of 16 years via affiliation with deviant peers; however, this indirect effect disappeared when adjusting for adolescents' earlier harmful alcohol use (age, 14 years). No gender differences were observed. CONCLUSIONS Adolescents who engage in early harmful drinking and subsequently become affiliated with a deviant peer group may be at particular risk of later depressed mood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Pesola
- Department of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4YS, UK
| | | | - Jon Heron
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Marcus Munafò
- Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies and School of Experimental Psychology, University of Bristol, BS8 1TU, UK & MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU) at the University of Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Barbara Maughan
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, SE5 8AF, London, UK
| | - Matthew Hickman
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Marianne B.M. van den Bree
- Department of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4YS, UK,Corresponding author: Marianne B.M. van den Bree, PhD, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Cathays, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, Phone: 029 20688433.
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McCabe SE, West BT, Veliz P, Frank KA, Boyd CJ. Social contexts of substance use among U.S. high school seniors: a multicohort national study. J Adolesc Health 2014; 55:842-4. [PMID: 25156895 PMCID: PMC4349372 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2014.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2014] [Revised: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the social contexts associated with the past-year substance use (multiple substances, alcohol, marijuana, and nonmedical use of prescription opioids, stimulants, and tranquilizers) among U.S. high school seniors. METHODS A secondary analysis of nationally representative survey data from 10 cohorts (2002-2011) of the Monitoring the Future study, including 24,809 high school seniors. RESULTS The social contexts associated with the past-year substance use varied considerably based on the substance used. The most prevalent location for alcohol, marijuana, and polydrug use was at a party, whereas nonmedical use of prescription stimulants, tranquilizers, and opioids was most likely to occur at home. Most types of substance use occurred in the presence of other people with the exception of nonmedical use of prescription stimulants, which was a more solitary behavior. CONCLUSIONS These exploratory findings indicate that prevention efforts may need to account for differences in social contexts between types of substances used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Esteban McCabe
- Institute for Research on Women and Gender, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Substance Abuse Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
| | - Brady T West
- Center for Statistical Consultation and Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Philip Veliz
- Institute for Research on Women and Gender, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Substance Abuse Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Kenneth A Frank
- College of Education, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan; College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Carol J Boyd
- Institute for Research on Women and Gender, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; Addiction Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Social network predictors of latrine ownership. Soc Sci Med 2014; 125:129-38. [PMID: 24726688 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Revised: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Poor sanitation, including the lack of clean functioning toilets, is a major factor contributing to morbidity and mortality from infectious diseases in the developing world. We examine correlates of latrine ownership in rural India with a focus on social network predictors. Participants from 75 villages provided the names of their social contacts as well as their own relevant demographic and household characteristics. Using these measures, we test whether the latrine ownership of an individual's social contacts is a significant predictor of individual latrine ownership. We also investigate whether network centrality significantly predicts latrine ownership, and if so, whether it moderates the relationship between the latrine ownership of the individual and that of her social contacts. Our results show that, controlling for the standard predictors of latrine ownership such as caste, education, and income, individuals are more likely to own latrines if their social contacts own latrines. Interaction models suggest that this relationship is stronger among those of the same caste, the same education, and those with stronger social ties. We also find that more central individuals are more likely to own latrines, but the correlation in latrine ownership between social contacts is strongest among individuals on the periphery of the network. Although more data is needed to determine how much the clustering of latrine ownership may be caused by social influence, the results here suggest that interventions designed to promote latrine ownership should consider focusing on those at the periphery of the network. The reason is that they are 1) less likely to own latrines and 2) more likely to exhibit the same behavior as their social contacts, possibly as a result of the spread of latrine adoption from one person to another.
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Stafström M. Influence of parental alcohol-related attitudes, behavior and parenting styles on alcohol use in late and very late adolescence. Eur Addict Res 2014; 20:233-40. [PMID: 24776849 DOI: 10.1159/000357319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Parents influence adolescent drinking behavior, but to what extent does this association diminish with age, however? The cross-sectional data was drawn from the Scania drug use survey 2007, consisting of 4,828 secondary education students in the 9th and 11th grade. The age- and gender-adjusted findings indicate that having parents who are consenting to alcohol use (OR 1.4), having been provided with alcohol by one's parents (OR 1.8), having parents with an authoritarian (OR 1.5) or neglectful (OR 2.1) parenting style, and having parents who both have a university degree (OR 1.3) were factors significantly associated with monthly heavy episodic drinking. These findings lead to the conclusion that parenting styles as well as parental attitudes and behaviors are important throughout the high school years. Thus, prevention targeting parents should emphasize both these domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Stafström
- Division of Social Medicine and Global Health, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, UMAS, Malmö, Sweden
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