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Yoon H, Dean LS, Jiyarom B, Khadka VS, Deng Y, Nerurkar VR, Chow DC, Shikuma CM, Devendra G, Koh Y, Park J. Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals characteristics of myeloid cells in post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 patients with persistent respiratory symptoms. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1268510. [PMID: 38259488 PMCID: PMC10800799 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1268510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Although our understanding of the immunopathology and subsequent risk and severity of COVID-19 disease is evolving, a detailed account of immune responses that contribute to the long-term consequences of pulmonary complications in COVID-19 infection remains unclear. Few studies have detailed the immune and cytokine profiles associated with post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC) with persistent pulmonary symptoms. The dysregulation of the immune system that drives pulmonary sequelae in COVID-19 survivors and PASC sufferers remains largely unknown. Results To characterize the immunological features of pulmonary PASC (PPASC), we performed droplet-based single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to study the transcriptomic profiles of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from a participant naïve to SARS-CoV-2 (Control) (n=1) and infected with SARS-CoV-2 with chronic pulmonary symptoms (PPASC) (n=2). After integrating scRNA-seq data with a naïve participant from a published dataset, 11 distinct cell populations were identified based on the expression of canonical markers. The proportion of myeloid-lineage cells ([MLCs]; CD14+/CD16+monocytes, and dendritic cells) was increased in PPASC (n=2) compared to controls (n=2). MLCs from PPASC displayed up-regulation of genes associated with pulmonary symptoms/fibrosis, while glycolysis metabolism-related genes were downregulated. Similarly, pathway analysis showed that fibrosis-related (VEGF, WNT, and SMAD) and cell death pathways were up-regulated, but immune pathways were down-regulated in PPASC. Further comparison of PPASC with scRNA-seq data with Severe COVID-19 (n=4) data demonstrated enrichment of fibrotic transcriptional signatures. In PPASC, we observed interactive VEGF ligand-receptor pairs among MLCs, and network modules in CD14+ (cluster 4) and CD16+ (Cluster 5) monocytes displayed a significant enrichment for biological pathways linked to adverse COVID-19 outcomes, fibrosis, and angiogenesis. Further analysis revealed a distinct metabolic alteration in MLCs with a down-regulation of glycolysis/gluconeogenesis in PPASC compared to SARS-CoV-2 naïve samples. Conclusion Analysis of a small scRNA-seq dataset demonstrated alterations in the immune response and cellular landscape in PPASC. The presence of elevated MLC levels and their corresponding gene signatures associated with fibrosis, immune response suppression, and altered metabolic states suggests a potential role in PPASC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyundong Yoon
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Logan S. Dean
- Hawaii Center for AIDS, University of Hawai’i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
- Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School Medicine, University of Hawai’i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Boonyanudh Jiyarom
- Hawaii Center for AIDS, University of Hawai’i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Vedbar S. Khadka
- Bioinformatics Core, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Youping Deng
- Bioinformatics Core, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Vivek R. Nerurkar
- Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School Medicine, University of Hawai’i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Dominic C. Chow
- Hawaii Center for AIDS, University of Hawai’i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
- Department of Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai’i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Cecilia M. Shikuma
- Hawaii Center for AIDS, University of Hawai’i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
- Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School Medicine, University of Hawai’i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
- Department of Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai’i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Gehan Devendra
- Department of Medicine, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai’i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Queen’s Medical Center, Honolulu, HI, United States
| | - Youngil Koh
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Juwon Park
- Hawaii Center for AIDS, University of Hawai’i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
- Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology, and Pharmacology, John A. Burns School Medicine, University of Hawai’i at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
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Pitsillou E, Yu Y, Beh RC, Liang JJ, Hung A, Karagiannis TC. Chronicling the 3-year evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic: analysis of disease management, characteristics of major variants, and impacts on pathogenicity. Clin Exp Med 2023; 23:3277-3298. [PMID: 37615803 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-023-01168-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Announced on December 31, 2019, the novel coronavirus arising in Wuhan City, Hubei Province resulted in millions of cases and lives lost. Following intense tracking, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2020. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was identified as the cause of COVID-19 and the continuous evolution of the virus has given rise to several variants. In this review, a comprehensive analysis of the response to the pandemic over the first three-year period is provided, focusing on disease management, development of vaccines and therapeutics, and identification of variants. The transmissibility and pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 variants including Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, and Omicron are compared. The binding characteristics of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor and reproduction numbers are evaluated. The effects of major variants on disease severity, hospitalisation, and case-fatality rates are outlined. In addition to the spike protein, open reading frames mutations are investigated. We also compare the pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 with SARS-CoV and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). Overall, this study highlights the strengths and weaknesses of the global response to the pandemic, as well as the importance of prevention and preparedness. Monitoring the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 is critical in identifying and potentially predicting the health outcomes of concerning variants as they emerge. The ultimate goal would be a position in which existing vaccines and therapeutics could be adapted to suit new variants in as close to real-time as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Pitsillou
- Epigenomic Medicine Laboratory at prospED, Carlton, VIC, 3053, Australia
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia
| | - Yiping Yu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Raymond C Beh
- Epigenomic Medicine Laboratory at prospED, Carlton, VIC, 3053, Australia
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia
| | - Julia J Liang
- Epigenomic Medicine Laboratory at prospED, Carlton, VIC, 3053, Australia
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia
| | - Andrew Hung
- School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia
| | - Tom C Karagiannis
- Epigenomic Medicine Laboratory at prospED, Carlton, VIC, 3053, Australia.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.
- Department of Clinical Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.
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G S J S, Ramakodi MP, T V B P S R. Review of bioaerosols from different sources and their health impacts. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:1321. [PMID: 37840110 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11935-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
The emission of bioaerosols in the ambient atmosphere from different sources is a cause of concern for human health and the environment. Bioaerosols are a combination of biotic matter like microbes and pollens. The present review emphasizes the understanding of various sources of bioaerosols (industries, municipal solid waste, and medical facilities), their components, and their impact on human health. The study of bioaerosols is of great importance as large numbers of people are estimated to be exposed on the global scale. Bioaerosols exposure in different work environments results in health issues such as infectious diseases, allergies, toxic effects, and respiratory problems. Hence, extensive research is urged to establish an effective assessment of bioaerosols exposure in the workplace, risks involved, distribution, and validation. The present review is intended to explore the relationship between bioaerosols exposure to the atmosphere and its impacts on human health. Some of the preliminary findings, based on our analysis of bioaerosols arising from municipal solid waste at a landfill site and a waste transfer station in Hyderabad, India, are also discussed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailaja G S J
- CSIR - National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Hyderabad Zonal Centre, IICT Campus, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500 007, India.
| | - Meganathan P Ramakodi
- CSIR - National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Hyderabad Zonal Centre, IICT Campus, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500 007, India
| | - Ramakrishna T V B P S
- CSIR - National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Hyderabad Zonal Centre, IICT Campus, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500 007, India
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Yoon H, Dean LS, Jiyarom B, Khadka V, Deng Y, Nerurukar VR, Chow DC, Shikuma CM, Devendra G, Koh Y, Park J. Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals characteristics of myeloid cells in pulmonary post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.31.551349. [PMID: 37577518 PMCID: PMC10418075 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.31.551349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Background Although our understanding of the immunopathology and subsequent risk and severity of COVID-19 disease is evolving, a detailed account of immune responses that contribute to the long-term consequences of pulmonary complication in COVID-19 infection remain unclear. Few studies have detailed the immune and cytokine profiles associated with post-acute sequalae of SARS-CoV-2 infection with persistent pulmonary symptoms (PPASC). However, the dysregulation of the immune system that drives pulmonary sequelae in COVID-19 survivors and PASC sufferers remains largely unknown. Results To characterize the immunological features of pulmonary PASC (PPASC), we performed droplet-based single-cell RNA sequencing to study the transcriptomic profiles of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from participants naïve to SARS-CoV-2 (Control) and infected with SARS-CoV-2 with chronic pulmonary symptoms (PPASC). We analyzed more than 34,139 PBMCs by integrating our dataset with previously reported control datasets (GSM4509024) cell distribution. In total, 11 distinct cell populations were identified based on the expression of canonical markers. The proportion of myeloid-lineage cells ([MLCs]; CD14 + /CD16 + monocytes and dendritic cells) was increased in PPASC compared to controls. MLCs from PPASC displayed up-regulation of genes associated with pulmonary symptoms/fibrosis, while glycolysis metabolism-related genes were downregulated. Similarly, pathway analysis showed that fibrosis- related ( VEGF , WNT , and SMAD ) and cell death pathways were up-regulated, but immune pathways were down-regulated in PPASC. In PPASC, we observed interactive VEGF ligand- receptor pairs among MLCs, and network modules in CD14 + (cluster 4) and CD16 + (Cluster 5) monocytes displayed a significant enrichment for biological pathways linked to adverse COVID- 19 outcomes, fibrosis, and angiogenesis. Further analysis revealed a distinct metabolic alteration in MLCs with a down-regulation of glycolysis/gluconeogenesis in PPASC compared to SARS- CoV-2 naïve samples. Conclusion This study offers valuable insights into the immune response and cellular landscape in PPASC. The presence of elevated MLC levels and their corresponding gene signatures associated with fibrosis, immune response suppression, and altered metabolic states suggests their potential role as a driver of PPASC.
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Lobaina Y, Chen R, Suzarte E, Ai P, Huerta V, Tan C, Alvarez-Lajonchere L, Liling Y, Musacchio A, Silva R, Guillén G, Zaixue J, Yang K, Perera Y, Hermida L. Broad humoral immunity generated in mice by a formulation composed of two antigens from the Delta variant of SARS-CoV-2. Arch Virol 2023; 168:190. [PMID: 37351679 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-023-05812-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Due to the rapid development of new variants of SARS-CoV-2 as well as the real threat of new coronavirus zoonosis events, the development of a preventive vaccine with a broader scope of functionality is highly desirable. Previously, we reported the functionality of a nasal formulation containing the nucleocapsid protein and the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein of the Delta variant of SARS-CoV-2 combined with the ODN-39M adjuvant. This combination induced cross-reactive immunity in mucosal and systemic compartments at the sarbecovirus level. In the present study, we explored the magnitude of the immunity generated in BALB/c mice by the same formulation with alum added as an additional adjuvant, to enhance the humoral immunity against the two antigens. Animals were immunized with three doses of the bivalent formulation, administered by subcutaneous route. Humoral immunity was tested by ELISA, and the neutralizing capacity of the resulting antibodies (Abs) was evaluated using a surrogate test and a vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) pseudovirus-based assay. Cell-mediated immunity was also investigated using an IFN-γ ELISpot assay. High levels of antibodies against both antigens (N and RBD) were obtained upon immunization. Anti-RBD Abs with neutralizing capacity reacted with the RBD of three SARS-CoV-2 variants tested, including Omicron. Abs recognizing the nucleocapsid proteins of SARS-CoV-1 and the SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron variants were also detected. Taken together, these results suggest that this bivalent formulation could be an attractive component of a pancorona vaccine able to broaden the scope of humoral immunity against both antigens. This will be particularly important for the reinforcement of immunity in previously vaccinated and/or infected populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadira Lobaina
- Research Department, China-Cuba Biotechnology Joint Innovation Center (CCBJIC), Lengshuitan District, Yongzhou, 425000, Hunan, China
- Research Department, Yongzhou Zhong Gu Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Yangjiaqiao Street, Lengshuitan District, Yongzhou, 425000, Hunan, China
| | - Rong Chen
- Research Department, China-Cuba Biotechnology Joint Innovation Center (CCBJIC), Lengshuitan District, Yongzhou, 425000, Hunan, China
- Yongzhou Development and Construction Investment Co. Ltd. (YDCI), Changfeng Industry Park, Yongzhou Economic and Technological Development Zone, No. 1 Liebao Road, Lengshuitan District, Yongzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Edith Suzarte
- Biomedical Research Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), 10600, Havana, Cuba
| | - Panchao Ai
- Research Department, China-Cuba Biotechnology Joint Innovation Center (CCBJIC), Lengshuitan District, Yongzhou, 425000, Hunan, China
- Yongzhou Development and Construction Investment Co. Ltd. (YDCI), Changfeng Industry Park, Yongzhou Economic and Technological Development Zone, No. 1 Liebao Road, Lengshuitan District, Yongzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Vivian Huerta
- Research Department, China-Cuba Biotechnology Joint Innovation Center (CCBJIC), Lengshuitan District, Yongzhou, 425000, Hunan, China
- Biomedical Research Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), 10600, Havana, Cuba
| | - Changyuan Tan
- Research Department, China-Cuba Biotechnology Joint Innovation Center (CCBJIC), Lengshuitan District, Yongzhou, 425000, Hunan, China
- Yongzhou Development and Construction Investment Co. Ltd. (YDCI), Changfeng Industry Park, Yongzhou Economic and Technological Development Zone, No. 1 Liebao Road, Lengshuitan District, Yongzhou, Hunan, China
| | - Liz Alvarez-Lajonchere
- Biomedical Research Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), 10600, Havana, Cuba
| | - Yang Liling
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Dongguan Ninth People's Hospital, No. 88, Shaditang, Guancheng District, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Alexis Musacchio
- Research Department, China-Cuba Biotechnology Joint Innovation Center (CCBJIC), Lengshuitan District, Yongzhou, 425000, Hunan, China
- Biomedical Research Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), 10600, Havana, Cuba
| | - Ricardo Silva
- Research Department, China-Cuba Biotechnology Joint Innovation Center (CCBJIC), Lengshuitan District, Yongzhou, 425000, Hunan, China
- Scientific Department, Representative Office of BioCubaFarma in China, Jingtai Tower, No. 24 Jianguomen Wai Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100022, China
| | - Gerardo Guillén
- Biomedical Research Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), 10600, Havana, Cuba
| | - Jiang Zaixue
- Guangdong Eighth People's Hospital, No. 68 South, Shilong Xihu 3rd Road, Shilong Town, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Ke Yang
- Research Department, China-Cuba Biotechnology Joint Innovation Center (CCBJIC), Lengshuitan District, Yongzhou, 425000, Hunan, China.
- Yongzhou Development and Construction Investment Co. Ltd. (YDCI), Changfeng Industry Park, Yongzhou Economic and Technological Development Zone, No. 1 Liebao Road, Lengshuitan District, Yongzhou, Hunan, China.
| | - Yasser Perera
- Research Department, China-Cuba Biotechnology Joint Innovation Center (CCBJIC), Lengshuitan District, Yongzhou, 425000, Hunan, China.
- Biomedical Research Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), 10600, Havana, Cuba.
- Research Department, Yongzhou Zhong Gu Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Yangjiaqiao Street, Lengshuitan District, Yongzhou, 425000, Hunan, China.
| | - Lisset Hermida
- Research Department, China-Cuba Biotechnology Joint Innovation Center (CCBJIC), Lengshuitan District, Yongzhou, 425000, Hunan, China.
- Scientific Department, Representative Office of BioCubaFarma in China, Jingtai Tower, No. 24 Jianguomen Wai Street, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100022, China.
- Yongzhou Development and Construction Investment Co. Ltd. (YDCI), Changfeng Industry Park, Yongzhou Economic and Technological Development Zone, No. 1 Liebao Road, Lengshuitan District, Yongzhou, Hunan, China.
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Toussi SS, Hammond JL, Gerstenberger BS, Anderson AS. Therapeutics for COVID-19. Nat Microbiol 2023; 8:771-786. [PMID: 37142688 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-023-01356-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Vaccines and monoclonal antibody treatments to prevent severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) illness were available within a year of the pandemic being declared but there remained an urgent need for therapeutics to treat patients who were not vaccinated, were immunocompromised or whose vaccine immunity had waned. Initial results for investigational therapies were mixed. AT-527, a repurposed nucleoside inhibitor for hepatitis C virus, enabled viral load reduction in a hospitalized cohort but did not reduce viral load in outpatients. The nucleoside inhibitor molnupiravir prevented death but failed to prevent hospitalization. Nirmatrelvir, an inhibitor of the main protease (Mpro), co-dosed with the pharmacokinetic booster ritonavir, reduced hospitalization and death. Nirmatrelvir-ritonavir and molnupiravir received an Emergency Use Authorization in the United States at the end of 2021. Immunomodulatory drugs such as baricitinib, tocilizumab and corticosteroid, which target host-driven COVID-19 symptoms, are also in use. We highlight the development of COVID-19 therapies and the challenges that remain for anticoronavirals.
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Torres Ramírez CA, Timaran Montenegro DE, Mateo C YS, Morales Jaramillo LM, Tapia R EA, Fuentes B KD, D VM, Punzo A RG, Feria A GA, Parra G LM, Saenz C PF, Hernandez A, Falla M, Obando D, Contla Trejo GS, Jacome P KI, Chavez S J, Palma JG, Alvarez SC, Bonifacio D, Orozco Vazquez JS. CT-based Pathological Lung Opacities Volume as a Predictor of Critical Illness and Inflammatory Response Severity in Patients with COVID-19 ☆☆☆. Heliyon 2022; 8:e11908. [PMCID: PMC9694356 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aim of the study was to assess the impact of CT-based lung pathological opacities volume on critical illness and inflammatory response severity of patients with COVID-19. Methods A retrospective, single center, single arm study was performed over a 30-day period. In total, 138 patients (85.2%) met inclusion criteria. All patients were evaluated with non-contrast enhanced chest CT scan at hospital admission. CT-based lung segmentation was performed to calculate pathological lung opacities volume (LOV). At baseline, complete blood count (CBC) and inflammation response biomarkers were obtained. The primary endpoint of the study was the occurrence of critical illness, as defined as, the need of mechanical ventilation and/or ICU admission. Mann-Whitney U test was performed for univariate analysis. Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine independent predictors of critical illness. Spearman analysis was performed to assess the correlation between inflammatory response biomarkers serum concentrations and LOV. Results Median LOV was 28.64% (interquartile range [IQR], 6.33-47.22%). Correlation analysis demonstrated that LOV was correlated with higher levels of D-dimer (r=0.51, p<0.01), procalcitonin (r=0.47, p<0.01) and IL6 (r=0.48, p<0.01). Critical illness occurred in 51 patients (37%). Univariate analysis demonstrated that inflammatory response biomarkers and LOV were associated with critical illness (p<0.05). However, multivariate analysis demonstrated that only D-dimer and LOV were independent predictors of critical illness. Furthermore, a ROC analysis demonstrated that a LOV equal or greater than 60% had a sensitivity of 82.1% and specificity of 70.2% to determine critical illness with an odds ratio of 19.4 (95% CI, 4.2-88.9). Conclusion Critical illness may occur in up to 37% of the patients with COVID-19. Among patients with critical illness, higher levels of inflammatory response biomarkers with larger LOVs were observed. Furthermore, multivariate analysis demonstrated that pathological lung opacities volume was an independent predictor of critical illness. In fact, patients with a pathological lung opacities volume equal or greater than 60% had 19.4-fold increased risk of critical illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian A. Torres Ramírez
- Corresponding author: Christian A. Torres Ramírez, MD. Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico (UNAM) / Centro Médico Nacional 20 de Noviembre
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Measuring Evidence-Based Viral Respiratory Illness Mitigation Behaviors in Pregnant Populations: Development and Validation of a Short, Single-Factor Scale During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2022; 17:e179. [PMID: 35492019 PMCID: PMC9237493 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2022.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Researchers and public health professionals need to better understand individual engagement in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mitigation behaviors to reduce the human and societal costs of the current pandemic and prepare for future respiratory pandemics. We suggest that developing measures of individual mitigation behaviors and testing them among high-risk individuals, including pregnant people, may help to reduce overall morbidity and mortality by quickly identifying targets for messaging around mitigation until sufficient vaccination uptake is reached. METHODS We surveyed pregnant people in California over 2 waves of the COVID-19 pandemic to explore mitigation behaviors. We developed and validated a novel Viral Respiratory Illness Mitigation Scale (VRIMS). RESULTS Seven measures loaded onto a single factor with good psychometric properties. The overall sample scale average was high over both waves, indicating that most pregnant Californians engaged in most of the strategies most of the time. Older participants, minoritized participants, those living in more urban contexts, and those surveyed during a surge reported engaging in these strategies most frequently. CONCLUSIONS Clinicians and researchers should consider using reliable, validated measures like the VRIMS to identify individuals and communities that may benefit from additional education on reducing risk for COVID-19, future respiratory pandemics, or even seasonal flu.
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The Assessment of COVID-19 Vulnerability Risk for Crisis Management. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12084090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The subject of this article is to determine COVID-19 vulnerability risk and its change over time in association with the state health care system, turnover, and transport to support the crisis management decision-making process. The aim was to determine the COVID-19 Vulnerability Index (CVI) based on the selected criteria. The risk assessment was carried out with methodology that includes the application of multicriteria analysis and spatiotemporal aspect of available data. Particularly the Spatial Multicriteria Analysis (SMCA) compliant with the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), which incorporated selected population and environmental criteria were used to analyse the ongoing pandemic situation. The influence of combining several factors in the pandemic situation analysis was illustrated. Furthermore, the static and dynamic factors to COVID-19 vulnerability risk were determined to prevent and control the spread of COVID-19 at the early stage of the pandemic situation. As a result, areas with a certain level of risk in different periods of time were determined. Furthermore, the number of people exposed to COVID-19 vulnerability risk in time was presented. These results can support the decision-making process by showing the area where preventive actions should be considered.
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Maximizing the Role of Emergency Medical Services in COVID-19 Response. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2021; 17:e87. [PMID: 34924090 PMCID: PMC8861547 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2021.359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention define 6 intervals of a pandemic: (1) investigation of cases, (2) recognition of the increased potential for ongoing transmission, (3) initiation of a pandemic wave, (4) acceleration of a pandemic wave, (5) deceleration of a pandemic wave, and (6) preparation for future pandemic waves. Each of these stages has 8 domains. Following China's coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak announcement, Israel's National Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Organization immediately began working in conjunction with the Ministry of Health (MOH) to address the threat of the COVID-19 outbreak. This article will describe how a national EMS organization acted according to these pandemic intervals and domains. In the initial stages, EMS managed a checkpoint in the international airport voluntarily testing people for febrile symptoms. Calls to the dispatch centers that aroused the suspicion of COVID-19 resulted in EMS transport to the hospital with protective gear. During the period of first exposure, the scope of the medical emergency number was increased to include questions concerning coronavirus, telemedicine, and home sampling by protected EMS workers. In the contagion stages, epidemiological tests were conducted by the MOH, and EMS began operating dedicated telephone triage, mass drive-through sampling, and finally, administration of vaccinations.
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Haji Aghajani M, Asadpoordezaki Z, Haghighi M, Pourhoseingoli A, Taherpour N, Toloui A, Sistanizad M. Effect of Underlying Cardiovascular Disease on the Prognosis of COVID-19 Patients; a Sex and Age-Dependent Analysis. ARCHIVES OF ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2021; 9:e65. [PMID: 34870231 PMCID: PMC8628643 DOI: 10.22037/aaem.v9i1.1363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Adults with underlying medical disorders are at increased risk for severe illness from the virus that causes COVID-19. This study aimed to compare the effect of underlying diseases on the mortality of male and female patients as a primary objective. We also evaluated the effect of drugs previously used by COVID-19 patients on their outcome. Methods: This retrospective cohort study was carried out on confirmed cases of COVID-19 who were admitted to a teaching hospital in Tehran, Iran. Data was gathered from patients’ files. Log binomial model was used for investigating the association of underlying diseases and in-hospital mortality of these patients. Results: A total of 991 patients (mean age 61.62±17.02; 54.9% male) were recruited. Hypertension (41.1%), diabetes mellitus (30.6%), and coronary artery disease (19.6%) were the most common underlying diseases. The multivariable model showed that hypertension (RR = 1.62; 95% CI: 1.22-2.14, p = 0.001) in male patients over 55 years old and coronary artery disease (RR = 2.40; 95% CI: 1.24-4.46, p = 0.009) in female patients under 65 years old were risk factors of mortality. In females over 65 years old, the history of taking Angiotensin Converting Enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) and Angiotensin Receptor Blockers (ARB) (RR = 0.272; 95% CI: 0.17-0.41, p = 0.001) was a significant protective factor for death. Conclusions: COVID-19 patients with a history of cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension and coronary artery disease, especially those in specific age and sex groups, are high-risk patients for in-hospital mortality. Additionally, a previous history of taking ACEi and ARB medications in females over 65 tears old was a protective factor against in-hospital mortality of COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Haji Aghajani
- Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ziba Asadpoordezaki
- Department of Psychology, Maynooth University, Kildare, Ireland.,Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, Kildare, Ireland
| | - Mehrdad Haghighi
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asma Pourhoseingoli
- Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Niloufar Taherpour
- Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirmohammad Toloui
- Physiology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sistanizad
- Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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12
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Zhang Y, Zhao J, Xi J, Fan B, Wang Q, Yao Z, Huang T, Bai H. The Prevalence and Determinant of PTSD Symptoms among Home-Quarantined Chinese University Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:1383. [PMID: 34683063 PMCID: PMC8544492 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9101383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND When COVID-19 emerged in China in late 2019, most Chinese university students were home-quarantined to prevent the spread of the virus, considering the great impact of the lockdown on young people habits and their psychological well-being. This study explored the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and its associated factors among Chinese university students who are isolated at home during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHOD 4520 participants from five universities in China were surveyed by online questionnaire and the PTSD Checklist-Civilian Version (PCL-C) was adopted as a screening instrument. RESULTS Exposure to virus was significantly related to PTSD outcomes. The most important predictors for PTSD outcomes were parents' relationship and the way parents educated, and university-provided psychological counseling was a protective factor against developing PTSD. CONCLUSIONS The COVID-19 pandemic had adverse psychological consequences on Chinese university students who were isolated at home due to the relatively high prevalence rate of PTSD which was reported. Adverse parental relationships and the extreme way parents educate their children could be the major risk factors for PTSD outcomes. Psychological interventions need to be made available to home-quarantined university students, and those in the worst-hit and exposed areas to virus should be given priority focus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueyang Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; (Y.Z.); (B.F.)
| | - Jingjing Zhao
- School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Juzhe Xi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Psychological Crisis Intervention, Affiliated Mental Health Center (ECNU), School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China;
| | - Bingbing Fan
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China; (Y.Z.); (B.F.)
| | - Qiong Wang
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China;
| | - Zhiying Yao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China;
| | - Tianhui Huang
- Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA;
| | - Han Bai
- Department of Health Policy, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA;
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13
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Li C, He Q, Qian H, Liu J. Overview of the pathogenesis of COVID-19 (Review). Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1011. [PMID: 34345293 PMCID: PMC8311250 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
At present, the pathogenesis of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has not been fully elucidated. Clinical and experimental findings from studies investigating COVID-19 have suggested that the immune-inflammatory response has a crucial role in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. The present article aimed to systematically review the available literature on the pathogenesis of COVID-19. Severe COVID-19 is characterized by organ dysfunction, hypercytokinemia and lymphopenia. It is assumed that the direct cytopathological damage of host cells and the dysregulated immune response caused by SARS-CoV-2 may be the primary underlying mechanisms of COVID-19. Based on the published literature, this review attempts to provide an integrated view of the immunological mechanisms and the potential pathogenesis of COVID-19, providing an in-depth summary of the host-pathogen interaction and host immune responses. It is of great importance to elucidate the possible pathogenesis of COVID-19 to determine the direction of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215001, P.R. China
| | - Qifang He
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215001, P.R. China
| | - Hebu Qian
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Suzhou Ninth People's Hospital, The Affiliated Wujiang Hospital of Nantong University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215001, P.R. China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215001, P.R. China
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14
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Galina AC, Sarzi D, de Medeiros LC, Sampaio ALF, Leta J. The promising drugs included in WHO's Solidarity Project: a choice based in scientific knowledge and institutional competencies. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2021; 116:e200603. [PMID: 34495083 PMCID: PMC8475511 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760200603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) launched the Solidarity Program, probably the largest global initiative to encourage and support research in four promising drugs, named Remdesivir, Hydroxychloroquine, β Interferon and the combination Lopinavir / Ritonavir, to reduce the mortality of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). OBJECTIVES Considering the potential impact of Solidarity Program to restrain the current pandemic, the present study aims to investigate whether it was designed upon indicators of scientific productivity, defined as the level of the production of new scientific knowledge and of the institutional capabilities, estimated in terms of scientific publications and technological agreements. METHODS The scientific documents on Alphacoronavirus, Betacoronavirus, Gammacoronavirus and Coronavirus were retrieved from Scopus database while the technological agreements on coronavirus were obtained through Cortellis. As for the institutions and countries, we have considered the data on author's affiliations in both set of data. For comparison, we included the analysis of documents related with other drugs or therapies, such as vaccines and antibodies, which were listed in a Clarivate's report on coronaviruses research. FINDINGS Most of the analysis refers to documents on Coronavirus, the largest group. The number of documents related to WHO's drugs are almost five times higher than in the other groups. This subset of documents involves the largest and most diverse number of institutions and countries. As for agreements, we observed a smaller number of institutions involved in it, suggesting differences between countries in terms of technical and human capabilities to develop basic and/or clinical research on coronavirus and to develop new forms or products to treat or to prevent the disease. MAIN CONCLUSIONS Hence, the results shown in this study illustrate that decisions taken by an international scientific body, as WHO, were mainly based in scientific knowledge and institutional competencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andréia Cristina Galina
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Programa de Educação, Gestão e Difusão em Biociências, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Deise Sarzi
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Programa de Educação, Gestão e Difusão em Biociências, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | | | - André Luiz Franco Sampaio
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto de Tecnologia em Fármacos-Farmanguinhos, Departamento de Farmacologia, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Jacqueline Leta
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Programa de Educação, Gestão e Difusão em Biociências, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
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15
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Li J, Ye L, Zhou Y, Zhang JY, Chen Z. To Procrastinate or Not to Procrastinate: A Retrospective Study of the Optimal Timing of Containing the Global Spread of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Public Health 2021; 9:613980. [PMID: 34414148 PMCID: PMC8369202 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.613980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As global public health is under threat by the 2019-nCoV and a potential new wave of large-scale epidemic outbreak and spread is looming, an imminent question to ask is what the optimal strategy of epidemic prevention and control (P&C) measures would be, especially in terms of the timing of enforcing aggressive policy response so as to maximize health efficacy and to contain pandemic spread. Based on the current global pandemic statistic data, here we developed a logistic probability function configured SEIR model to analyse the COVID-19 outbreak and estimate its transmission pattern under different "anticipate- or delay-to-activate" policy response scenarios in containing the pandemic. We found that the potential positive effects of stringent pandemic P&C measures would be almost canceled out in case of significantly delayed action, whereas a partially procrastinatory wait-and-see control policy may still be able to contribute to containing the degree of epidemic spread although its effectiveness may be significantly compromised compared to a scenario of early intervention coupled with stringent P&C measures. A laissez-faire policy adopted by the government and health authority to tackling the uncertainly of COVID19-type pandemic development during the early stage of the outbreak turns out to be a high risk strategy from optimal control perspective, as significant damages would be produced as a consequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- School of International Relations, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Management, Curtin University of Technology, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Lingjian Ye
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yimin Zhou
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Joy Y. Zhang
- School of Social Policy, Sociology and Social Research, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Institute of Communication and Global Public Opinion, Xi'an International Studies University, Xi'an, China
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16
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Tavakol S, Tavakol H, Alavijeh MS, Seifalian A. The World Against Versatile SARS-Cov-2 Nanomachines; Mythological or Reality? Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 17:43-57. [PMID: 34254928 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x16666210712213102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Nanomachines hold promise for the next generation of emerging technology; however, nanomachines are not a new concept, viruses, nature's nanomachines, have already existed for thousands of years. In 2019, the whole world has had to come together to confront a life-threatening nanomachine named "SARS-CoV-2", which causes COVID-19 illness. SARS-CoV-2, a smart nanomachine, attaches itself onto the ACE2 and CD147 receptors present on the cell surfaces of the lungs, kidneys, heart, brain, intestines, and testes, etc. and triggers pathogenesis. Cell entry triggers a cascade of inflammatory responses resulting in tissue damage, with the worst affected cases leading to death. SARS-CoV-2 influences several receptors and signalling pathways; therefore, finding a biomaterial that caps these signalling pathways and ligand sites is of interest. This research aimed to compare the similarities and differences between COVID-19 and its elderly sisters', MERS and SARS. Furthermore, we glanced at emerging therapeutics that carry potential in eliminating SARS-CoV-2, and the tissue damage it causes. Simple prophylactic and therapeutic strategies for the treatment of COVID-19 infection have been put forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shima Tavakol
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hani Tavakol
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mo S Alavijeh
- Pharmidex Pharmaceutical Ltd., London, . United Kingdom
| | - Alexander Seifalian
- Nanotechnology and Regenerative Medicine Commercialization Centre (NanoRegMed Ltd), London BioScience Innovation Centre, London, . United Kingdom
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17
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Agca O, Sayin O. The importance of tears stability in SARS-CoV-2 transmission: COVID-19 prevalance in dry eye patients. J Fr Ophtalmol 2021; 44:1115-1120. [PMID: 34294456 PMCID: PMC8264519 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2021.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Objective To investigate whether dry eye disease (DED) is a risk factor for COVID-19. Method In this retrospective cohort study, patients who were diagnosed with DED by an ophthalmologist and whose Schirmer test was less than 5 mm were identified. Patients who missed follow-up examinations, patients with malignancy, Human Immunodeficiency Virus patients and patients having undergone bone marrow transplantation were excluded. Among the DED patients, patients with positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR tests were identified on October 11, 2020. Subsequently, patients were divided into four age groups (25–49; 50–64; 65–79; and 80+). The COVID-19 prevalence per 100,000 people was determined for each age group, and risk analysis was performed by comparing this with the general population in Turkey. Results In total, 10,023 DED patients were identified and included in the study. Among these, the PCR test was positive in 359 patients. The COVID-19 prevalence per 100,000 population in DED patients was calculated as 3581.7, while according to the Ministry of Health data, it was 524.7 in the general Turkish population. The odds ratio of DED patients versus the general population was 6.62 (P < 0.001) (7.66 in the 25–49 group; 6.59 in the 50–64 group; 6.23 in the 65–79 group; and 7.24 in the 80+ age group). Conclusions The present study showed a high COVID-19 prevalence in DED patients compared to the general population. These findings support the concept that the ocular surface may be a gateway for SARS-CoV-2 and that the tear film is important part of the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Agca
- Departmant of Ophthalmology, Konya City Hospital, Konya, Turkey.
| | - O Sayin
- Departmant of Ophthalmology, Konya City Hospital, Konya, Turkey
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18
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Davison KM, Thakkar V, Lin S(L, Stabler L, MacPhee M, Carroll S, Collins B, Rezler Z, Colautti J, Xu C(C, Fuller-Thomson E, Hey B, Kelly K, Mullaly L, Remick R, Ravindran A, Paric A, D’Andreamatteo C, Smye V. Interventions to Support Mental Health among Those with Health Conditions That Present Risk for Severe Infection from Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Scoping Review of English and Chinese-Language Literature. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:7265. [PMID: 34299716 PMCID: PMC8303838 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18147265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to address knowledge gaps related to the prevention and management of mental health responses among those with a condition that presents risk of severe COVID-19 infection. A scoping review that mapped English and Chinese-language studies (2019-2020) located in MEDLINE (Ovid), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PsycInfo, Sociological Abstracts, Embase, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Data, and Airiti Library was undertaken. Search terms related to COVID-19, mental health, and physical health were used and articles that included all three of these factors were extracted (n = 77). With the exception of one hospital-based pilot study, there were no intervention studies targeting mental health in those at risk of severe COVID-19 infection. Promising practices such as integrated care models that appropriately screen for mental health issues, address health determinants, and include use of digital resources were highlighted. Patient navigator programs, group online medical visits, peer support, and social prescribing may also support those with complex needs. Future policies need to address digital health access inequities and the implementation of multi-integrated health and social care. Furthermore, research is needed to comprehensively assess multi-integrated interventions that are resilient to public health crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen M. Davison
- Health Science Program, Kwantlen Polytechnic University, 12666 72 Ave, Surrey, BC V3W 2M8, Canada;
| | - Vidhi Thakkar
- Health Science Program, Kwantlen Polytechnic University, 12666 72 Ave, Surrey, BC V3W 2M8, Canada;
| | - Shen (Lamson) Lin
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, 46 Bloor St W, Toronto, ON M5S 1V4, Canada; (S.L.); (E.F.-T.)
| | - Lorna Stabler
- CASCADE Children’s Social Care Research and Development Centre, School of Social Sciences, Cardiff University, 1-3 Museum Place, Cardiff CF10 3BD, UK;
| | - Maura MacPhee
- School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, T201-2211 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2B5, Canada;
| | - Simon Carroll
- Department of Sociology, Cornett Building, University of Victoria, A333, Victoria, BC V8W 3P5, Canada;
| | - Benjamin Collins
- Department of Anthropology, University of Manitoba, 432 Fletcher Argue Building, 15 Chancellor Circle, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada;
| | - Zachary Rezler
- Health Sciences Program, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada; (Z.R.); (J.C.); (C.X.)
| | - Jake Colautti
- Health Sciences Program, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada; (Z.R.); (J.C.); (C.X.)
| | - Chaoqun (Cherry) Xu
- Health Sciences Program, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada; (Z.R.); (J.C.); (C.X.)
| | - Esme Fuller-Thomson
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, 46 Bloor St W, Toronto, ON M5S 1V4, Canada; (S.L.); (E.F.-T.)
| | - Brandon Hey
- COVID 19 Policy, Programs and Priorities, Mental Health Commission of Canada, 350 Albert Street, Suite 1210, Ottawa, ON K1R 1A4, Canada;
| | - Krystal Kelly
- Mental Health Advancement, Mental Health Commission of Canada, 350 Albert Street, Suite 1210, Ottawa, ON K1R 1A4, Canada; (L.M.); (K.K.)
| | - Laura Mullaly
- Mental Health Advancement, Mental Health Commission of Canada, 350 Albert Street, Suite 1210, Ottawa, ON K1R 1A4, Canada; (L.M.); (K.K.)
| | - Ron Remick
- Lookout Housing and Health Society, 544 Columbia St, New Westminster, BC V3L 1B1, Canada;
| | - Arun Ravindran
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, The Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 1001 Queen St W, Toronto, ON M6J 1H4, Canada; (A.R.); (A.P.)
| | - Angela Paric
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, The Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 1001 Queen St W, Toronto, ON M6J 1H4, Canada; (A.R.); (A.P.)
| | - Carla D’Andreamatteo
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, 209 Human Ecology Building, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada;
| | - Victoria Smye
- Arthur Labatt School of Nursing, Western University, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada;
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19
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Silvestre FJ, Martinez-Herrera M, Márquez-Arrico CF, Silvestre-Rangil J. COVID-19, A new challenge in the dental practice. J Clin Exp Dent 2021; 13:e709-e716. [PMID: 34306535 PMCID: PMC8291155 DOI: 10.4317/jced.57362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This review was conducted in order to learn the latest information about how to prevent cross-infection of COVID-19 in dentistry. The aim of this study is offer a clinical protocol to reduce the risk of infection of COVID-19 in dental settings.
Material and Methods We carried out a review based on the PRISMA guide (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses). We used the following three databases: PubMed, Embase and Scopus. The search strategy was performed in the three databases applying the search terms “COVID-19 AND dental”, “COVID-19 AND dentistry”, selecting human studies published from November 2019 to May 2020. English publications regarding COVID-19 as the central topic of the research were eligible for inclusion, regardless of study design. There are very few published studies on the association between COVID-19 and dentistry, for that reason we also included the English abstract of two studies written in Chinese. The following exclusion criteria were established: animal studies and in vitro studies.
Results The search identified a total of 212 articles, of which 54 were preselected, and 23 were finally included in the review on the basis of the inclusion and exclusion criteria. We collected all the information about routes of general and oral infection, dental patient evaluation and cross-infection control in Dental Clinic in the selected studies.
Conclusions Cross infection in the dental clinic involve a very important risk due to the return to dental settings after periods of social isolation of the population after the epidemic outbreak of SARS-CoV-2. Therefore, we must take adequate and sufficient security measures to protect the patients and the dental clinic staff. Key words:COVID-19, COVID-19 cross infection risk, COVID-19 prevention in Dentistry, COVID-19 in Dental Clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco-Javier Silvestre
- Department of Stomatology, University of Valencia, Spain.,Stomatology Service, Hospital Universitario Dr. Peset-FISABIO
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Mallah SI, Ghorab OK, Al-Salmi S, Abdellatif OS, Tharmaratnam T, Iskandar MA, Sefen JAN, Sidhu P, Atallah B, El-Lababidi R, Al-Qahtani M. COVID-19: breaking down a global health crisis. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2021; 20:35. [PMID: 34006330 PMCID: PMC8129964 DOI: 10.1186/s12941-021-00438-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the second pandemic of the twenty-first century, with over one-hundred million infections and over two million deaths to date. It is a novel strain from the Coronaviridae family, named Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2); the 7th known member of the coronavirus family to cause disease in humans, notably following the Middle East Respiratory syndrome (MERS), and Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (SARS). The most characteristic feature of this single-stranded RNA molecule includes the spike glycoprotein on its surface. Most patients with COVID-19, of which the elderly and immunocompromised are most at risk, complain of flu-like symptoms, including dry cough and headache. The most common complications include pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, septic shock, and cardiovascular manifestations. Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is mainly via respiratory droplets, either directly from the air when an infected patient coughs or sneezes, or in the form of fomites on surfaces. Maintaining hand-hygiene, social distancing, and personal protective equipment (i.e., masks) remain the most effective precautions. Patient management includes supportive care and anticoagulative measures, with a focus on maintaining respiratory function. Therapy with dexamethasone, remdesivir, and tocilizumab appear to be most promising to date, with hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir, ritonavir, and interferons falling out of favour. Additionally, accelerated vaccination efforts have taken place internationally, with several promising vaccinations being mass deployed. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, countries and stakeholders have taken varying precautions to combat and contain the spread of the virus and dampen its collateral economic damage. This review paper aims to synthesize the impact of the virus on a global, micro to macro scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saad I Mallah
- School of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Bahrain, Kingdom of Bahrain.
- The National Taskforce for Combating the Coronavirus (COVID-19), Bahrain, Kingdom of Bahrain.
| | - Omar K Ghorab
- School of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Bahrain, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Sabrina Al-Salmi
- School of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Bahrain, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Omar S Abdellatif
- Department of Political Science, Faculty of Arts and Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- G7 and G20 Research Groups, Munk School of Global Affairs and Public Policy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Tharmegan Tharmaratnam
- School of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Bahrain, Kingdom of Bahrain
- School of Medicine, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mina Amin Iskandar
- School of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Bahrain, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | | | - Pardeep Sidhu
- School of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Bahrain, Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Bassam Atallah
- Department of Pharmacy Services, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, Al Maryah Island, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Rania El-Lababidi
- Department of Pharmacy Services, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, Al Maryah Island, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Manaf Al-Qahtani
- The National Taskforce for Combating the Coronavirus (COVID-19), Bahrain, Kingdom of Bahrain.
- Department of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Bahrain, Kingdom of Bahrain.
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Royal Medical Services, Bahrain Defence Force Hospital, Riffa, Kingdom of Bahrain.
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21
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Gacci M, Coppi M, Baldi E, Sebastianelli A, Zaccaro C, Morselli S, Pecoraro A, Manera A, Nicoletti R, Liaci A, Bisegna C, Gemma L, Giancane S, Pollini S, Antonelli A, Lagi F, Marchiani S, Dabizzi S, Degl’Innocenti S, Annunziato F, Maggi M, Vignozzi L, Bartoloni A, Rossolini GM, Serni S. Semen impairment and occurrence of SARS-CoV-2 virus in semen after recovery from COVID-19. Hum Reprod 2021; 36:1520-1529. [PMID: 33522572 PMCID: PMC7953947 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deab026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION How is the semen quality of sexually active men following recovery from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection? SUMMARY ANSWER Twenty-five percent of the men with recent SARS-Cov-2 infections and proven healing were oligo-crypto-azoospermic, despite the absence of virus RNA in semen. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY The presence of SARS-CoV-2 in human semen and its role in virus contagion and semen quality after recovery from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is still unclear. So far, studies evaluating semen quality and the occurrence of SARS-CoV-2 in semen of infected or proven recovered men are scarce and included a limited number of participants. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION A prospective cross-sectional study on 43 sexually active men who were known to have recovered from SARS-CoV2 was performed. Four biological fluid samples, namely saliva, pre-ejaculation urine, semen, and post-ejaculation urine, were tested for the SARS-CoV-2 genome. Female partners were retested if any specimen was found to be SARS-CoV-2 positive. Routine semen analysis and quantification of semen leukocytes and interleukin-8 (IL-8) levels were performed. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Questionnaires including International Index of Erectile Function and Male Sexual Health Questionnaire Short Form were administered to all subjects. The occurrence of virus RNA was evaluated in all the biological fluids collected by RT-PCR. Semen parameters were evaluated according to the World Health Organization manual edition V. Semen IL-8 levels were evaluated by a two-step ELISA method. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE After recovery from COVID-19, 25% of the men studied were oligo-crypto-azoospermic. Of the 11 men with semen impairment, 8 were azoospermic and 3 were oligospermic. A total of 33 patients (76.7%) showed pathological levels of IL-8 in semen. Oligo-crypto-azoospermia was significantly related to COVID-19 severity (P < 0.001). Three patients (7%) tested positive for at least one sample (one saliva; one pre-ejaculation urine; one semen and one post-ejaculation urine), so the next day new nasopharyngeal swabs were collected. The results from these three patients and their partners were all negative for SARS-CoV-2. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Although crypto-azoospermia was found in a high percentage of men who had recovered from COVID-19, clearly exceeding the percentage found in the general population, the previous semen quality of these men was unknown nor is it known whether a recovery of testicular function was occurring. The low number of enrolled patients may limit the statistical power of study. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS SARS-CoV-2 can be detected in saliva, urine, and semen in a small percentage of men who recovered from COVID-19. One-quarter of men who recovered from COVID-19 demonstrated oligo-crypto-azoospermia indicating that an assessment of semen quality should be recommended for men of reproductive age who are affected by COVID-19. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) None. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gacci
- Department of Minimally Invasive and Robotic Urologic Surgery and Kidney Transplantation, Careggi University Hospital (AOUC), University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - M Coppi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
- Clinical Microbiology and Virology Unit, Florence Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - E Baldi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
- Unit of Andrology, Female Endocrinology and Gender Incongruence, AOUC and Center of Excellence DeNothe, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - A Sebastianelli
- Department of Minimally Invasive and Robotic Urologic Surgery and Kidney Transplantation, Careggi University Hospital (AOUC), University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - C Zaccaro
- Department of Minimally Invasive and Robotic Urologic Surgery and Kidney Transplantation, Careggi University Hospital (AOUC), University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - S Morselli
- Department of Minimally Invasive and Robotic Urologic Surgery and Kidney Transplantation, Careggi University Hospital (AOUC), University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - A Pecoraro
- Department of Minimally Invasive and Robotic Urologic Surgery and Kidney Transplantation, Careggi University Hospital (AOUC), University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - A Manera
- Department of Minimally Invasive and Robotic Urologic Surgery and Kidney Transplantation, Careggi University Hospital (AOUC), University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - R Nicoletti
- Department of Minimally Invasive and Robotic Urologic Surgery and Kidney Transplantation, Careggi University Hospital (AOUC), University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - A Liaci
- Department of Minimally Invasive and Robotic Urologic Surgery and Kidney Transplantation, Careggi University Hospital (AOUC), University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - C Bisegna
- Department of Minimally Invasive and Robotic Urologic Surgery and Kidney Transplantation, Careggi University Hospital (AOUC), University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - L Gemma
- Department of Minimally Invasive and Robotic Urologic Surgery and Kidney Transplantation, Careggi University Hospital (AOUC), University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - S Giancane
- Department of Minimally Invasive and Robotic Urologic Surgery and Kidney Transplantation, Careggi University Hospital (AOUC), University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - S Pollini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
- Clinical Microbiology and Virology Unit, Florence Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - A Antonelli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
- Clinical Microbiology and Virology Unit, Florence Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - F Lagi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit, Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - S Marchiani
- Unit of Andrology, Female Endocrinology and Gender Incongruence, AOUC and Center of Excellence DeNothe, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - S Dabizzi
- Unit of Andrology, Female Endocrinology and Gender Incongruence, AOUC and Center of Excellence DeNothe, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | | | - F Annunziato
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - M Maggi
- Endocrinology Unit and Department of Experimental, Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - L Vignozzi
- Unit of Andrology, Female Endocrinology and Gender Incongruence, AOUC and Center of Excellence DeNothe, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - A Bartoloni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Unit, Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - G M Rossolini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
- Clinical Microbiology and Virology Unit, Florence Careggi University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - S Serni
- Department of Minimally Invasive and Robotic Urologic Surgery and Kidney Transplantation, Careggi University Hospital (AOUC), University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
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"Sex in the Time of COVID": Clinical Guidelines for Sexually Transmitted Disease Management in an Era of Social Distancing. Sex Transm Dis 2021; 47:427-430. [PMID: 32541302 PMCID: PMC7448723 DOI: 10.1097/olq.0000000000001194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
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Singh R, Kang A, Luo X, Jeyanathan M, Gillgrass A, Afkhami S, Xing Z. COVID-19: Current knowledge in clinical features, immunological responses, and vaccine development. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21409. [PMID: 33577115 PMCID: PMC7898934 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002662r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has unfolded to be the most challenging global health crisis in a century. In 11 months since its first emergence, according to WHO, the causative infectious agent SARS-CoV-2 has infected more than 100 million people and claimed more than 2.15 million lives worldwide. Moreover, the world has raced to understand the virus and natural immunity and to develop vaccines. Thus, within a short 11 months a number of highly promising COVID-19 vaccines were developed at an unprecedented speed and are now being deployed via emergency use authorization for immunization. Although a considerable number of review contributions are being published, all of them attempt to capture only a specific aspect of COVID-19 or its therapeutic approaches based on ever-expanding information. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview to conceptually thread together the latest information on global epidemiology and mitigation strategies, clinical features, viral pathogenesis and immune responses, and the current state of vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramandeep Singh
- McMaster Immunology Research CentreM. G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research & Department of MedicineMcMaster UniversityHamiltonONCanada
| | - Alisha Kang
- McMaster Immunology Research CentreM. G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research & Department of MedicineMcMaster UniversityHamiltonONCanada
| | - Xiangqian Luo
- McMaster Immunology Research CentreM. G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research & Department of MedicineMcMaster UniversityHamiltonONCanada
- Department of Pediatric OtolaryngologyShenzhen HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Mangalakumari Jeyanathan
- McMaster Immunology Research CentreM. G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research & Department of MedicineMcMaster UniversityHamiltonONCanada
| | - Amy Gillgrass
- McMaster Immunology Research CentreM. G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research & Department of MedicineMcMaster UniversityHamiltonONCanada
| | - Sam Afkhami
- McMaster Immunology Research CentreM. G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research & Department of MedicineMcMaster UniversityHamiltonONCanada
| | - Zhou Xing
- McMaster Immunology Research CentreM. G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research & Department of MedicineMcMaster UniversityHamiltonONCanada
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24
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Zhou Y, Cen L. COVID-19 and Perioperative Management Strategies for Gastrointestinal Surgery: An Experience From Jiaxing, China. Am Surg 2021; 88:1277-1284. [PMID: 33605777 PMCID: PMC7900525 DOI: 10.1177/0003134821995087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was leading to a worldwide pandemic, which affected surgical operation. This study assessed the efficacy of perioperative management of patients scheduled for gastrointestinal surgery during COVID-19 pandemic of 2020. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed 188 patients who underwent gastrointestinal surgery during the COVID-19 outbreak in Jiaxing, China. Perioperative data were collected, including data on pre-, intra-, and postoperative management strategies. The same data over the same period in 2019 were also collected for comparison. RESULTS A total of 117, 63, and 8 patients underwent emergency, semi-elective, and elective surgeries, respectively. The locals: nonlocals ratio was significantly higher during this investigation period in 2020 than during the same period in 2019 (P < .05). After screening, 12 patients were identified as unqualified. The number of gastrointestinal surgeries was reduced in 2020. There were no differences in the ratio of emergency surgery or semi-elective surgery between in 2020 and in 2019. The elective surgery ratio between January 27 and February 28 was found to be lower in 2020 than in 2019 (P < .05). The disease spectra of emergency surgery and semi-elective surgery were similar. A total of 31 elective surgeries were postponed. There were five cases of short-term complications for emergency surgeries and two cases of short-term complications for semi-elective surgeries. No long-term complications or COVID-19 infection occurred in any of the cases, and no medical staff member was infected. CONCLUSION Perioperative management strategies minimize the risk of nosocomial infection and reduce the influence of epidemics on gastrointestinal surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, 417382The First Hospital of Jiaxing, The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China
| | - Lusha Cen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hang Zhou, China
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25
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Kawasaki H, Suzuki H, Maekawa M, Hariyama T. Combination of the NanoSuit method and gold/platinum particle-based lateral flow assay for quantitative and highly sensitive diagnosis using a desktop scanning electron microscope. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 196:113924. [PMID: 33581588 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.113924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Owing to its simplicity and low cost, the lateral flow assay (LFA) is one of the most commonly used point-of-care diagnostic techniques, despite its low sensitivity and poor quantification. Here, we report a newly developed LFA-NanoSuit method (LNSM) combined with a desktop scanning electron microscope (SEM) for the direct observation of immunocomplexes labeled with a colloidal metal instead of signal enhancement strategies, such as using color, electrochemical signals, silver enhancement, magnetic properties, luminescent, and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). The proposed LNSM suppresses cellulose deformity, thereby allowing the acquisition of high-resolution images of gold/platinum-labeled immunocomplexed pathogens such as influenza A, without conductive treatment as in conventional SEM. Electron microscopy-based diagnosis of influenza A exhibited 94 % clinical sensitivity (29/31; 95 % confidence interval [CI]: 79.3-98.2 %) and 100 % clinical specificity (95 % CI: 98.1-100 %), which was more sensitive (71.4 %) than visual detection (14.3 %), especially in the lower influenza A-RNA copy number group. The detection ability of our method was nearly comparable to that of real-time reverse transcription-PCR. This is the first report on the diagnosis of clinical diseases using LFA equipped with a desktop SEM. This simple and highly sensitive quantitative analysis method involving LFA can be used to diagnose various diseases in humans and livestock, including highly infectious diseases such as COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideya Kawasaki
- Institute for NanoSuit Research, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education & Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan.
| | - Hiromi Suzuki
- Institute for NanoSuit Research, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education & Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan
| | - Masato Maekawa
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan
| | - Takahiko Hariyama
- Institute for NanoSuit Research, Preeminent Medical Photonics Education & Research Center, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, 431-3192, Japan.
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26
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Azab SM, Zytoon AA, Kasemy ZAA, Omar SF, Ewida SF, Sakr KA, Ella TFA. Learning from pathophysiological aspects of COVID-19 clinical, laboratory, and high-resolution CT features: a retrospective analysis of 128 cases by disease severity. Emerg Radiol 2021; 28:453-467. [PMID: 33417113 PMCID: PMC7791339 DOI: 10.1007/s10140-020-01875-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The classic chest CT imaging features of COVID-19 pneumonia have low specificity due to their similarity with a number of other conditions. So, the goal of the present study is to learn from the pathophysiology of COVID-19 clinical features, laboratory results, and high-resolution CT manifestations in different stages of disease severity to provide significant reference values for diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. METHODS This was a multicentered study that included 128 patients. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data, in addition to chest HRCT findings, were evaluated. According to chest HRCT features, radiologic scoring were grade 1 and 2 for mild grades of the disease, 3 and 4 for moderate grades of the disease, and 5 and 6 for severe grades of the disease. RESULTS Patient clinical symptoms ranged between fever, dry cough, muscle ache (myalgia)/fatigue, dyspnea, hyposomia, sore throat, and diarrhea. Lymphocytes and WBCs were significantly lower in patients with severe COVID-19. A significant negative correlation was found with WBCs (r = - 0.245, P = 0.005), lymphocytes% (r = - 0.586, P < 0.001), RBCs (r = - 0.2488, P = 0.005), Hb (gm/dl) (r = - 0.342, P < 0.001), and HCT (r = - 0.377, P < 0.001). Transferrin and CRP were significantly higher in moderate and severe COVID-19 than mild degree and showed a significant positive correlation with CT score (r = 0.356, P < 0.001) and (r = 0.429, P < 0.001), respectively. The most common CT features were peripheral pulmonary GGO and air space consolidation. CONCLUSION Clinical features, laboratory assessment, and HRCT imaging had their characteristic signs and performances. Correlating them can make it possible for physicians and radiologists to quickly obtain the final diagnosis and staging of the COVID-19 pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameh Mostafa Azab
- Radiodiagnosis Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Ashraf Anas Zytoon
- Radiodiagnosis Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt.
| | - Zeinab Abdel Aziz Kasemy
- Public Health and Community Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Suzan Fouad Omar
- Radiodiagnosis Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Suzy Fayez Ewida
- Clinical Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Karim Ayman Sakr
- School of Health Sciences, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tarek Fawzy Abd Ella
- Radiodiagnosis Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
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27
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Saha A, Ahsan MM, Quader MTU, Naher S, Akter F, Mehedi HMH, Ullah Chowdhury AA, Karim MH, Rahman T, Parvin A. Clinical characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 infected diabetic patients admitted in ICUs of the southern region of Bangladesh. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2021; 15:229-235. [PMID: 33445071 PMCID: PMC7837249 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2020.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Diabetes mellitus is highly prevalent among critical cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with poor outcomes. This study aimed to describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 patients with diabetes, admitted in the intensive care unit (ICU) of the southern region of Bangladesh. METHODS Epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, treatments, complications, and clinical outcomes data were extracted from electronic medical records of 168 COVID-19 patients admitted into ICU of two COVID-19 dedicated hospitals of Chattogram, Bangladesh and compared between diabetes (n = 88) and non-diabetes (n = 80) groups. RESULTS The prevalence of diabetes was high among 51-70 years old patients. All the diabetic patients had at least one other comorbidity, with a significantly higher incidence of hypertension (53.4% vs 27.5%, P < 0.05). Prevalence of male patients (74/88; 84.1%) was slightly higher among diabetic patients than the non-diabetic patients (60/80; 75%). Even though not significant, Kaplan-Meier survival curve showed that COVID-19 patients with diabetes had a shorter overall survival time than those without diabetes. In subgroup analysis, diabetic patients were classified into insulin-requiring and non-insulin-requiring groups based on their requirement of insulin during the stay in ICU. COVID-19 infected diabetic patients requiring insulin have high risk of disease progression and shorter survival time than the non-insulin required group. CONCLUSIONS Diabetes is an independent risk factor for the poor prognosis of COVID-19. More attention should be paid to the prevention and prompt treatment of diabetic patients, to maintain good glycaemic control especially those who require insulin therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayan Saha
- Children's Cancer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Australia; Disease Biology and Molecular Epidemiology Research Group, Chattogram, 4000, Bangladesh.
| | | | - Md Tarek-Ul Quader
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Unit, Chittagong Medical College, Chattogram, 4202, Bangladesh
| | - Sabekun Naher
- Department of Microbiology, University of Chittagong, Chattogram, 4202, Bangladesh
| | - Farhana Akter
- Department of Endocrinology, Chittagong Medical College, Chattogram, 4202, Bangladesh; Disease Biology and Molecular Epidemiology Research Group, Chattogram, 4000, Bangladesh
| | | | | | - Md Hasanul Karim
- Intensive Care Unit, 250 Bedded General Hospital, Chattogram, 4000, Bangladesh
| | - Tazrina Rahman
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Chittagong Medical College, Chattogram, 4202, Bangladesh
| | - Ayesha Parvin
- Department of Biochemistry, Chittagong Medical College, Chattogram, 4202, Bangladesh
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28
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Liu XX, Fong SJ, Dey N, Crespo RG, Herrera-Viedma E. A new SEAIRD pandemic prediction model with clinical and epidemiological data analysis on COVID-19 outbreak. APPL INTELL 2021; 51:4162-4198. [PMID: 34764574 PMCID: PMC7775669 DOI: 10.1007/s10489-020-01938-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Measuring the spread of disease during a pandemic is critically important for accurately and promptly applying various lockdown strategies, so to prevent the collapse of the medical system. The latest pandemic of COVID-19 that hits the world death tolls and economy loss very hard, is more complex and contagious than its precedent diseases. The complexity comes mostly from the emergence of asymptomatic patients and relapse of the recovered patients which were not commonly seen during SARS outbreaks. These new characteristics pertaining to COVID-19 were only discovered lately, adding a level of uncertainty to the traditional SEIR models. The contribution of this paper is that for the COVID-19 epidemic, which is infectious in both the incubation period and the onset period, we use neural networks to learn from the actual data of the epidemic to obtain optimal parameters, thereby establishing a nonlinear, self-adaptive dynamic coefficient infectious disease prediction model. On the basis of prediction, we considered control measures and simulated the effects of different control measures and different strengths of the control measures. The epidemic control is predicted as a continuous change process, and the epidemic development and control are integrated to simulate and forecast. Decision-making departments make optimal choices. The improved model is applied to simulate the COVID-19 epidemic in the United States, and by comparing the prediction results with the traditional SEIR model, SEAIRD model and adaptive SEAIRD model, it is found that the adaptive SEAIRD model's prediction results of the U.S. COVID-19 epidemic data are in good agreement with the actual epidemic curve. For example, from the prediction effect of these 3 different models on accumulative confirmed cases, in terms of goodness of fit, adaptive SEAIRD model (0.99997) ≈ SEAIRD model (0.98548) > Classical SEIR model (0.66837); in terms of error value: adaptive SEAIRD model (198.6563) < < SEAIRD model(4739.8577) < < Classical SEIR model (22,652.796); The objective of this contribution is mainly on extending the current spread prediction model. It incorporates extra compartments accounting for the new features of COVID-19, and fine-tunes the new model with neural network, in a bid of achieving a higher level of prediction accuracy. Based on the SEIR model of disease transmission, an adaptive model called SEAIRD with internal source and isolation intervention is proposed. It simulates the effects of the changing behaviour of the SARS-CoV-2 in U.S. Neural network is applied to achieve a better fit in SEAIRD. Unlike the SEIR model, the adaptive SEAIRD model embraces multi-group dynamics which lead to different evolutionary trends during the epidemic. Through the risk assessment indicators of the adaptive SEAIRD model, it is convenient to measure the severity of the epidemic situation for consideration of different preventive measures. Future scenarios are projected from the trends of various indicators by running the adaptive SEAIRD model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Xian Liu
- Department of Computer and Information Science, University of Macau, SAR, Macau, China
| | - Simon James Fong
- Department of Computer and Information Science, University of Macau, SAR, Macau, China ,DACC Laboratory, Zhuhai Institutes of Advanced Technology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhuhai, China
| | - Nilanjan Dey
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, JIS University, Kolkata, India
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Akyurek E, Bolat P. Port state control at European Union under pandemic outbreak. EUROPEAN TRANSPORT RESEARCH REVIEW 2020; 12:66. [PMID: 38624589 PMCID: PMC7750010 DOI: 10.1186/s12544-020-00460-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Port State Control (PSC) is a vital element of sustainable maritime transportation. Inspections of PSC regimes have been ensuring the continuity of the global supply chain as they enforce shipping to implement the maritime regulations to be safe, secure, and environmentally friendly. Objective Since the beginning of the COVID-19 Pandemic, the number of onboard ship inspections has decreased inherently for protecting PSC officersand seafarers, while PSC regimes have developed a policy to focus on a high-risk ship based on historical inspection records. In this context, planning for a "new normal" in maritime transportation, it is essential to realize the change in ship inspection numbers and the trend of deficiency - detention factors for the maritime sector to provide current standards. This study aims to present the difference in ship inspection trends between 2017-2020 by focusing on COVID-19 pandemic outbreak data. Methods Comparative analysis with Paris MOU ship inspection & detention figures and entropy-based Grey Relevance Analysis has been used as a methodology to reveal the change in inspection trends after COVID-19. Results After the pandemic outbreak caused by COVID-19, the number of ship inspections under Paris MOU fell dramatically, however, inspection and detention rate remained the same, also entropy-based Grey Relevance Analysis indicates that detention remarks have also changed compared to last year deficiencies. Detention caused by nautical publication and cleanliness in the engine room has an increasing trend on detentions. Conclusion Inspection statistics indicate consistent figures even during the pandemic outbreak, which indicates the current sample group for Paris MOU inspection is healthy. At the same time, entropy-based Grey Relevance Analysis presents a broader insight that the inspection trend on detention deficiencies has varied. Familiarization with the changing trends in inspections will cause fewer detentions of the ships. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12544-020-00460-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efe Akyurek
- Istanbul Technical University, Maritime Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Pelin Bolat
- Istanbul Technical University, Maritime Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
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Wang J, Guo S, Zhang Y, Gao K, Zuo J, Tan N, Du K, Ma Y, Hou Y, Li Q, Xu H, Huang J, Huang Q, Na H, Wang J, Wang X, Xiao Y, Zhu J, Chen H, Liu Z, Wang M, Zhang L, Wang W. Clinical features and risk factors for severe inpatients with COVID-19: A retrospective study in China. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0244125. [PMID: 33332437 PMCID: PMC7745975 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A worldwide outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), since 2019, has brought a disaster to people all over the world. Many researchers carried out clinical epidemiological studies on patients with COVID-19 previously, but risk factors for patients with different levels of severity are still unclear. Methods 562 patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 from 12 hospitals in China were included in this retrospective study. Related clinical information, therapies, and imaging data were extracted from electronic medical records and compared between patients with severe and non-severe status. We explored the risk factors associated with different severity of COVID-19 patients by logistic regression methods. Results Based on the guideline we cited, 509 patients were classified as non-severe and 53 were severe. The age range of whom was 5–87 years, with a median age of 47 (IQR 35.0–57.0). And the elderly patients (older than 60 years old) in non-severe group were more likely to suffer from fever and asthma, accompanied by higher level of D-dimer, red blood cell distribution width and low-density lipoprotein. Furthermore, we found that the liver and kidney function of male patients was worse than that of female patients in both severe and non-severe groups with different age levels, while the severe females had faster ESR and lower inflammatory markers. Of major laboratory markers in non-severe cases, baseline albumin and the lymphocyte percentage were higher, while the white blood cell and the neutrophil count were lower. In addition, severe patients were more likely to be accompanied by an increase in cystatin C, mean hemoglobin level and a decrease in oxygen saturation. Besides that, advanced age and indicators such as count of white blood cell, glucose were proved to be the most common risk factors preventing COVID-19 patients from aggravating. Conclusion The potential risk factors found in our study have shown great significance to prevent COVID-19 patients from aggravating and turning to critical cases during treatment. Meanwhile, focusing on gender and age factors in groups with different severity of COVID-19, and paying more attention to specific clinical symptoms and characteristics, could improve efficacy of personalized intervention to treat COVID-19 effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- Department of Education Administration, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shuzhen Guo
- Department of Scientific Research, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yili Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Kuo Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jiacheng Zuo
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Nannan Tan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Kangjia Du
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Ma
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Hou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Quntang Li
- Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongming Xu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Daqing Second Hospital, Daqing, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jin Huang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The People’s Hospital of GuangXi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Qiuhua Huang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The People’s Hospital of GuangXi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Hui Na
- Department of Infectious Disease, Harbin Infectious Disease Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jingwei Wang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Harbin Infectious Disease Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Infectious Disease, Jinzhong Infectious Disease Hospital, Jinzhong, Shanxi, China
| | - Yanhua Xiao
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Mudanjiang Kangan Hospital, Mudanjiang, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Junteng Zhu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Putian College, Putian, Fujian, China
| | - Hong Chen
- President’s Office, The First Hospital of Qiqihar, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Zhang Liu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Hospital of Suihua City, Suihua, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Mingxuan Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Suining Central Hospital, Suining, Sichuan, China
| | - Linsong Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hospital (T·C·M) Affiliated to Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Wang
- President’s Office, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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Sadanandam A, Bopp T, Dixit S, Knapp DJHF, Emperumal CP, Vergidis P, Rajalingam K, Melcher A, Kannan N. A blood transcriptome-based analysis of disease progression, immune regulation, and symptoms in coronavirus-infected patients. Cell Death Discov 2020; 6:141. [PMID: 33293514 PMCID: PMC7721861 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-020-00376-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 patients show heterogeneity in clinical presentation and outcomes that makes pandemic control and strategy difficult; optimizing management requires a systems biology approach of understanding the disease. Here we sought to potentially understand and infer complex disease progression, immune regulation, and symptoms in patients infected with coronaviruses (35 SARS-CoV and 3 SARS-CoV-2 patients and 57 samples) at two different disease progression stages. Further, we compared coronavirus data with healthy individuals (n = 16) and patients with other infections (n = 144; all publicly available data). We applied inferential statistics (the COVID-engine platform) to RNA profiles (from limited number of samples) derived from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Compared to healthy individuals, a subset of integrated blood-based gene profiles (signatures) distinguished acute-like (mimicking coronavirus-infected patients with prolonged hospitalization) from recovering-like patients. These signatures also hierarchically represented multiple (at the system level) parameters associated with PBMC including dysregulated cytokines, genes, pathways, networks of pathways/concepts, immune status, and cell types. Proof-of-principle observations included PBMC-based increases in cytokine storm-associated IL6, enhanced innate immunity (macrophages and neutrophils), and lower adaptive T and B cell immunity in patients with acute-like disease compared to those with recovery-like disease. Patients in the recovery-like stage showed significantly enhanced TNF, IFN-γ, anti-viral, HLA-DQA1, and HLA-F gene expression and cytolytic activity, and reduced pro-viral gene expression compared to those in the acute-like stage in PBMC. Besides, our analysis revealed overlapping genes associated with potential comorbidities (associated diabetes) and disease-like conditions (associated with thromboembolism, pneumonia, lung disease, and septicemia). Overall, our COVID-engine inferential statistics platform and study involving PBMC-based RNA profiling may help understand complex and variable system-wide responses displayed by coronavirus-infected patients with further validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anguraj Sadanandam
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
| | - Tobias Bopp
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Santosh Dixit
- Centre for Translational Cancer Research (CTCR; a joint initiative of Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Pune and Prashanti Cancer Care Mission), Pune, India
| | - David J H F Knapp
- Institut de recherche en immunologie et en cancérologie, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Département de pathologie et biologie cellulaire, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Chitra Priya Emperumal
- Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Krishnaraj Rajalingam
- Cell Biology Unit, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- University Cancer Center Mainz, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Alan Melcher
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Nagarajan Kannan
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
- Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
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32
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Yu Y, Liu T, Shao L, Li X, He CK, Jamal M, Luo Y, Wang Y, Liu Y, Shang Y, Pan Y, Wang X, Zhou F. Novel biomarkers for the prediction of COVID-19 progression a retrospective, multi-center cohort study. Virulence 2020; 11:1569-1581. [PMID: 33172355 PMCID: PMC7671095 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2020.1840108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A pandemic designated as Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is spreading worldwide. Up to date, there is no efficient biomarker for the timely prediction of the disease progression in patients. To analyze the inflammatory profiles of COVID-19 patients and demonstrate their implications for the illness progression of COVID-19. Retrospective analysis of 3,265 confirmed COVID-19 cases hospitalized between 10 January 2020, and 26 March 2020 in three medical centers in Wuhan, China. Patients were diagnosed as COVID-19 and hospitalized in Leishenshan Hospital, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University and The Seventh Hospital of Wuhan, China. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were used to determine the possible risk factors for disease progression. Moreover, cutoff values, the sensitivity and specificity of inflammatory parameters for disease progression were determined by MedCalc Version 19.2.0. Age (95%CI, 1.017 to 1.048; P < 0.001), serum amyloid A protein (SAA) (95%CI, 1.216 to 1.396; P < 0.001) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) (95%CI, 1.006 to 1.045; P < 0.001) were likely the risk factors for the disease progression. The Area under the curve (AUC) of SAA for the progression of COVID-19 was 0.923, with the best predictive cutoff value of SAA of 12.4 mg/L, with a sensitivity of 83.9% and a specificity of 97.67%. SAA-containing parameters are novel promising ones for predicting disease progression in COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalan Yu
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Liang Shao
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinyi Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Colin K. He
- Orient Health Care, Stego Tech LLC, King of Prussia, PA, USA
| | - Muhammad Jamal
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yingying Wang
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanan Liu
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yufeng Shang
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yunbao Pan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinghuan Wang
- Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fuling Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Al-Rohaimi AH, Al Otaibi F. Novel SARS-CoV-2 outbreak and COVID19 disease; a systemic review on the global pandemic. Genes Dis 2020; 7:491-501. [PMID: 33335956 PMCID: PMC7729096 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2020.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the beginning of the 21st century, several viral outbreaks have threatened humankind and posed a new challenge to the modern healthcare system. The recent outbreak in Wuhan (December 2019), China, represents a beta coronavirus classified as novel Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) which belongs to the Coronaviridae family. Novel SARS-CoV-2 represents a significant similarity with previous coronaviruses such as SARS-CoV in 2002, China and MERS-CoV in 2015, Middle East. However, preliminary research investigations have shown the novel SARS-CoV-2 evolved with several mutations and developed the capacity to cross the species, i.e., animal to human. The initial findings have shown that spike proteins are vital molecules target hACE2 receptor for its attachment and entry into cells. After successful entry virus primarily focuses on respiratory airway cell lines and triggers a massive immune response leading to mucus generation. In severe conditions, the virus is capable of forcing viral pneumonia leading to the collapse of the respiratory system, i.e., COVID19. So far, there is a lack of immunity against the virus in humans. At the same in the absence of therapeutic interventions, many countries experienced high mortality, such as the United States, European countries, i.e., Italy, Spain, France, and the United Kingdom. The vaccine development is underway and experiencing challenges, as many reports demonstrated genetic variations in viral genome and proteins as well. The present study provides a complete comprehensive overview of the novel SARS-CoV-2 outbreak, human transmission, and global spread.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Faisal Al Otaibi
- Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M6BQ, UK
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34
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Sofi MS, Hamid A, Bhat SU. SARS-CoV-2: A critical review of its history, pathogenesis, transmission, diagnosis and treatment. BIOSAFETY AND HEALTH 2020; 2:217-225. [PMID: 33196035 PMCID: PMC7648888 DOI: 10.1016/j.bsheal.2020.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The outbreak of the deadly virus (novel coronavirus or Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2) that emerged in December 2019, remained a controversial subject of intense speculations regarding its origin, became a worldwide health problem resulting in serious coronavirus disease 2019 (acronym COVID-19). The concern regarding this new viral strain "Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2" (acronym SARS-CoV-2) and diseases it causes (COVID-19) is well deserved at all levels. The incidence of COVID-19 infection and infectious patients are increasing at a high rate. Coronaviruses (CoVs), enclosed positive-sense RNA viruses, are distinguished by club-like spikes extending from their surface, an exceptionally large genome of RNA, and a special mechanism for replication. Coronaviruses are associated with a broad variety of human and other animal diseases spanning from enteritis in cattle and pigs and upper chicken respiratory disease to extremely lethal human respiratory infections. With World Health Organization (WHO) declaring COVID-19 as pandemic, we deemed it necessary to provide a detailed review of coronaviruses discussing their history, current situation, coronavirus classification, pathogenesis, structure, mode of action, diagnosis and treatment, the effect of environmental factors, risk reduction and guidelines to understand the virus and develop ways to control it.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sami Ullah Bhat
- Corresponding author: Department of Environmental Science, School of Earth and Environmental Science, University of Kashmir, 190006, India
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35
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Billah MA, Miah MM, Khan MN. Reproductive number of coronavirus: A systematic review and meta-analysis based on global level evidence. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0242128. [PMID: 33175914 PMCID: PMC7657547 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coronavirus (SARS-COV-2) is now a global concern because of its higher transmission capacity and associated adverse consequences including death. The reproductive number of coronavirus provides an estimate of the possible extent of the transmission. This study aims to provide a summary reproductive number of coronavirus based on available global level evidence. METHODS A total of three databases were searched on September 15, 2020: PubMed, Web of Science, and Science Direct. The searches were conducted using a pre-specified search strategy to record studies reported the reproductive number of coronavirus from its inception in December 2019. It includes keywords of coronavirus and its reproductive number, which were combined using the Boolean operators (AND, OR). Based on the included studies, we estimated a summary reproductive number by using the meta-analysis. We used narrative synthesis to explain the results of the studies where the reproductive number was reported, however, were not possible to include in the meta-analysis because of the lack of data (mostly due to confidence interval was not reported). RESULTS Total of 42 studies included in this review whereas 29 of them were included in the meta-analysis. The estimated summary reproductive number was 2.87 (95% CI, 2.39-3.44). We found evidence of very high heterogeneity (99.5%) of the reproductive number reported in the included studies. Our sub-group analysis was found the significant variations of reproductive number across the country for which it was estimated, method and model that were used to estimate the reproductive number, number of case that was considered to estimate the reproductive number, and the type of reproductive number that was estimated. The highest reproductive number was reported for the Diamond Princess Cruise Ship in Japan (14.8). In the country-level, the higher reproductive number was reported for France (R, 6.32, 95% CI, 5.72-6.99) following Germany (R, 6.07, 95% CI, 5.51-6.69) and Spain (R, 3.56, 95% CI, 1.62-7.82). The higher reproductive number was reported if it was estimated by using the Markov Chain Monte Carlo method (MCMC) method and the Epidemic curve model. We also reported significant heterogeneity of the type of reproductive number- a high-value reported if it was the time-dependent reproductive number. CONCLUSION The estimated summary reproductive number indicates an exponential increase of coronavirus infection in the coming days. Comprehensive policies and programs are important to reduce new infections as well as the associated adverse consequences including death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Arif Billah
- Faculty of Business, Economic and Social Development, University Malaysia Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Md. Mamun Miah
- Department of Mathematics, Khulna University of Engineering and Technology, Khulna, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Nuruzzaman Khan
- Department of Population Science, Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University, Trishal, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
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36
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Abstract
During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, personal protective equipment (PPE) has become a contentious issue in healthcare settings, no more so than in the prehospital environment. The current severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 virus (SARS-CoV-2) has pathogenic and transmission similarities to previous coronaviruses, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV) and Middle Eastern respiratory syndrome (MERS-CoV). There are differences in global and domestic PPE guidelines concerning SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamima Master
- Paramedic; North West Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Bolton
| | - Mark Gerrard
- Paramedic; North West Ambulance Service NHS Trust, Bolton
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37
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Zhang Q, Cui Q. Biodistribution of andrographolide to assess the interior-exterior relationship between the lung and intestine using microPET. Thorac Cancer 2020; 11:3365-3374. [PMID: 33017514 PMCID: PMC7606023 DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.13682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background One classic traditional Chinese medicine theory is that the “lung and intestine are exterior‐interiorly related”; however, this has not been confirmed experimentally. The aim of this study was to provide a biological basis for the theory by measuring the tissue distribution of andrographolide. Methods Acute pneumonia was induced in a mouse model by repeated stimulation with lipopolysaccharide. The distribution of andrographolide in mice was observed by positron emission tomography (PET) imaging with [18F]‐labeled andrographolide, and changes in the in vivo distribution before and after modeling were compared. Subsequently, the consistency of pathological changes in lung and intestine was confirmed by observation of pathological sections. Finally, the results were verified by cytokine detection. Results The value of organ uptake, pathological changes and inflammatory factor expression of the lung and intestine were consistent. The concentration of andrographolide in the lung and intestine increased significantly, and was confirmed by pathology and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Conclusions Micro‐positron emission tomography (microPET) can be used to visually observe the distribution of medicinal ingredients in vivo, and [18F]‐andrographolide can be used as a tool to assess the interior‐exterior relationship between the lung and intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qingxin Cui
- College of Pharmacy, State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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38
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Sheng CC, Sahoo D, Dugar S, Prada RA, Wang TKM, Abou Hassan OK, Brennan D, Culver DA, Rajendram P, Duggal A, Lincoff AM, Nissen SE, Menon V, Cremer PC. Canakinumab to reduce deterioration of cardiac and respiratory function in SARS-CoV-2 associated myocardial injury with heightened inflammation (canakinumab in Covid-19 cardiac injury: The three C study). Clin Cardiol 2020; 43:1055-1063. [PMID: 32830894 PMCID: PMC7461303 DOI: 10.1002/clc.23451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In patients with Covid-19, myocardial injury and increased inflammation are associated with morbidity and mortality. We designed a proof-of-concept randomized controlled trial to evaluate whether treatment with canakinumab prevents progressive respiratory failure and worsening cardiac dysfunction in patients with SARS-CoV2 infection, myocardial injury, and high levels of inflammation. HYPOTHESIS The primary hypothesis is that canakiumab will shorten time to recovery. METHODS The three C study (canakinumab in Covid-19 Cardiac Injury, NCT04365153) is a double-blind, randomized controlled trial comparing canakinumab 300 mg IV, 600 mg IV, or placebo in a 1:1:1 ratio in hospitalized Covid-19 patients with elevations in troponin and C-reactive protein (CRP). The primary endpoint is defined as the time in days from randomization to either an improvement of two points on a seven category ordinal scale or discharge from the hospital, whichever occurs first up to 14 days postrandomization. The secondary endpoint is mortality at day 28. A total of 45 patients will be enrolled with an anticipated 5 month follow up period. RESULTS Baseline characteristics for the first 20 randomized patients reveal a predominantly male (75%), elderly population (median 67 years) with a high prevalence of hypertension (80%) and hyperlipidemia (75%). CRPs have been markedly elevated (median 16.2 mg/dL) with modest elevations in high-sensitivity troponin T (median 21 ng/L), in keeping with the concept of enrolling patients with early myocardial injury. CONCLUSIONS The three C study will provide insights regarding whether IL-1β inhibition may improve outcomes in patients with SARS-CoV2 associated myocardial injury and increased inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calvin C Sheng
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineHeart, Vascular, and Thoracic Institute Cleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Debasis Sahoo
- Department of Pulmonary MedicineRespiratory InstituteClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Siddharth Dugar
- Department of Pulmonary MedicineRespiratory InstituteClevelandOhioUSA
| | | | - Tom Kai Ming Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineHeart, Vascular, and Thoracic Institute Cleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Ossama K Abou Hassan
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineHeart, Vascular, and Thoracic Institute Cleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA
| | | | - Daniel A Culver
- Department of Pulmonary MedicineRespiratory InstituteClevelandOhioUSA
| | | | - Abhijit Duggal
- Department of Pulmonary MedicineRespiratory InstituteClevelandOhioUSA
| | - A Michael Lincoff
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineHeart, Vascular, and Thoracic Institute Cleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Steven E Nissen
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineHeart, Vascular, and Thoracic Institute Cleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Venu Menon
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineHeart, Vascular, and Thoracic Institute Cleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Paul C Cremer
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineHeart, Vascular, and Thoracic Institute Cleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA
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Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has had a tremendous impact in China and abroad since its onset in December 2019 and poses a major threat to human health. Healthcare workers (HCWs) are at the forefront of the response to outbreaks. This study reviewed literature data and found that HCWs were at high risk of infection during the COVID-19 pandemic, especially at the early stage of the epidemic, and many factors greatly affected their occupational safety. Although SARS-CoV-2 transmission was controlled in China, the Chinese experience can help protect HCWs from COVID-19 and other respiratory diseases.
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40
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Augoustides JG. Critical Care During the Coronavirus Crisis: Challenges and Considerations for the Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia Community. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2020; 34:2299-2302. [PMID: 32387015 PMCID: PMC7165080 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2020.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- John G Augoustides
- Cardiovascular and Thoracic Section, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA.
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Simpson AHRW, Dall G, Haas JG. COVID-19: potential transmission through aerosols in surgical procedures and blood products. Bone Joint Res 2020; 9:200-201. [PMID: 32728423 PMCID: PMC7376281 DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.94.bjr-2020-0130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A Hamish R W Simpson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Edinburgh Medical School, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Graham Dall
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Borders General Hospital, Melrose, UK
| | - Jürgen G Haas
- Infection Medicine, Edinburgh Medical School, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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42
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Augoustides JG. Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation - Crucial Considerations during the Coronavirus Crisis. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2020; 34:1720-1722. [PMID: 32345529 PMCID: PMC7141443 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2020.03.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John G Augoustides
- Cardiovascular and Thoracic Section, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
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Augoustides JG. Cardiovascular Consequences and Considerations of Coronavirus Infection - Perspectives for the Cardiothoracic Anesthesiologist and Intensivist During the Coronavirus Crisis. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2020; 34:1713-1716. [PMID: 32349897 PMCID: PMC7194974 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2020.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- John G Augoustides
- Cardiovascular and Thoracic Section, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
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Chen C, Li H, Hang W, Wang DW. Cardiac injuries in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). J Mol Cell Cardiol 2020; 145:25-29. [PMID: 32526224 PMCID: PMC7831647 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2020.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
As the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic worsens, this global pandemic is impacting more than 200 countries/regions and more than 4,500,000 confirmed cases worldwide. COVID-19 is caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), which might attack not only the respiratory system, but also the other important organs, including the heart. It was reported that COVID-19 patients with a past history of cardiovascular diseases would have a higher mortality. Meanwhile, elevated troponin levels were frequently observed in COVID-19 cases. Besides the comprehensive treatments for COVID-19, as a cardiologist, we should also remain vigilant about the cardiac injuries, especially those with severe emergent cardiovascular symptoms. Cardiac injury is a common co-morbidity in COVID-19 patients. Myocarditis, especially fulminant myocarditis might be also induced by SARS-CoV-2. Larger cohorts are required to illustrate the roles of COVID-19 in cardiac injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Huihui Li
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Weijian Hang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Dao Wen Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiological Disorders, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
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Lu W, Wang H, Lin Y, Li L. Psychological status of medical workforce during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study. Psychiatry Res 2020; 288:112936. [PMID: 32276196 PMCID: PMC7195354 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 666] [Impact Index Per Article: 166.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The pandemic of 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has burdened an unprecedented psychological stress on people around the world, especially the medical workforce. The study focuses on assess the psychological status of them. The authors conducted a single-center, cross-sectional survey via online questionnaires. Occurrence of fear, anxiety and depression were measured by the numeric rating scale (NRS) on fear, Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA), and Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD), respectively. A total of 2299 eligible participants were enrolled from the authors' institution, including 2042 medical staff and 257 administrative staff. The severity of fear, anxiety and depression were significantly different between two groups. Furthermore, as compared to the non-clinical staff, front line medical staff with close contact with infected patients, including working in the departments of respiratory, emergency, infectious disease, and ICU, showed higher scores on fear scale, HAMA and HAMD, and they were 1.4 times more likely to feel fear, twice more likely to suffer anxiety and depression. The medical staff especially working in above-mentioned departments made them more susceptible to psychological disorders. Effective strategies toward to improving the mental health should be provided to these individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Lu
- Department of healthcare and disease control and prevention, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
| | - Hang Wang
- Department of healthcare and disease control and prevention, Fujian Provincial Hospital South Branch, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yuxing Lin
- Department of health examination center, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of healthcare and disease control and prevention, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
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Reeves JJ, Hollandsworth HM, Torriani FJ, Taplitz R, Abeles S, Tai-Seale M, Millen M, Clay BJ, Longhurst CA. Rapid response to COVID-19: health informatics support for outbreak management in an academic health system. J Am Med Inform Assoc 2020; 27:853-859. [PMID: 32208481 PMCID: PMC7184393 DOI: 10.1093/jamia/ocaa037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the implementation of technological support important for optimizing clinical management of the COVID-19 pandemic. MATERIALS AND METHODS Our health system has confirmed prior and current cases of COVID-19. An Incident Command Center was established early in the crisis and helped identify electronic health record (EHR)-based tools to support clinical care. RESULTS We outline the design and implementation of EHR-based rapid screening processes, laboratory testing, clinical decision support, reporting tools, and patient-facing technology related to COVID-19. DISCUSSION The EHR is a useful tool to enable rapid deployment of standardized processes. UC San Diego Health built multiple COVID-19-specific tools to support outbreak management, including scripted triaging, electronic check-in, standard ordering and documentation, secure messaging, real-time data analytics, and telemedicine capabilities. Challenges included the need to frequently adjust build to meet rapidly evolving requirements, communication, and adoption, and to coordinate the needs of multiple stakeholders while maintaining high-quality, prepandemic medical care. CONCLUSION The EHR is an essential tool in supporting the clinical needs of a health system managing the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Jeffery Reeves
- Department of Surgery, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, California, USA
| | | | - Francesca J Torriani
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Randy Taplitz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Shira Abeles
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Ming Tai-Seale
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Marlene Millen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Biomedical Informatics, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Brian J Clay
- Department of Medicine, Division of Biomedical Informatics, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Christopher A Longhurst
- Department of Medicine, Division of Biomedical Informatics, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, California, USA
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Dai H, Zhang X, Xia J, Zhang T, Shang Y, Huang R, Liu R, Wang D, Li M, Wu J, Xu Q, Li Y. High-resolution Chest CT Features and Clinical Characteristics of Patients Infected with COVID-19 in Jiangsu, China. Int J Infect Dis 2020; 95:106-112. [PMID: 32272262 PMCID: PMC7136866 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2020.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A pneumonia associated with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) recently emerged in China. It was recognized as a global health hazard. METHODS 234 inpatients with COVID-19 were included. Detailed clinical data, chest HRCT basic performances and certain signs were recorded Ground-glass opacity (GGO), consolidation, fibrosis and air trapping were quantified. Both clinical types and CT stages were evaluated. RESULTS Most patients (approximately 90%) were classified as common type and with epidemiologic history. Fever and cough were main symptoms. Chest CT showed abnormal attenuation in bilateral multiple lung lobes, distributed in the lower and/or periphery of the lungs (94.98%), with multiple shapes. GGO and vascular enhancement sign were most frequent seen, followed by interlobular septal thickening and air bronchus sign as well as consolidation, fibrosis and air trapping. There were significant differences in most of CT signs between different stage groups. The SpO2 and OI were decreased in stage IV, and the CT score of consolidation, fibrosis and air trapping was significantly lower in stage I (P<0.05). A weak relevance was between the fibrosis score and the value of PaO2 and SpO2 (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Clinical performances of patients with COVID-19, mostly with epidemiologic history and typical symptoms, were critical valuable in the diagnosis of the COVID-19. While chest HRCT provided the distribution, shape, attenuation and extent of lung lesions, as well as some typical CT signs of COVID-19 pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Dai
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou city, Jiangsu province, 215000 P.R. China; Institute of Medical Imaging, Soochow University, Suzhou city, Jiangsu province, 215000 P.R. China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Radiology, the Fourth People's Hospital of Huaian, Huai'an city, Jiangsu province, 223001 P.R. China
| | - Jianguo Xia
- Department of Radiology, Taizhou People's Hospital, Hospital Affiliated 5 to Nantong University, Taizhou city, Jiangsu province, 225300 P.R. China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Radiology, the Third Hospital Affiliated of Nantong University, Nantong City, Jiangsu province, 226000 P.R. China
| | - Yalei Shang
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou city, Jiangsu province, 215000 P.R. China
| | - Renjun Huang
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou city, Jiangsu province, 215000 P.R. China
| | - Rongrong Liu
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Infectious Diseases Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou city, Jiangsu province, 215000 P.R. China
| | - Dan Wang
- Department of Radiology, the Third People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou city, Jiangsu province, 213000 P.R. China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Infectious Diseases Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou city, Jiangsu province, 215000 P.R. China.
| | - Jinping Wu
- Department of Radiology, the Third People's Hospital of Changzhou, Changzhou city, Jiangsu province, 213000 P.R. China.
| | - Qiuzhen Xu
- Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital Affiliated to Southeast University, Nanjing city, Jiangsu province, 210000 P.R. China.
| | - Yonggang Li
- Department of Radiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou city, Jiangsu province, 215000 P.R. China; Institute of Medical Imaging, Soochow University, Suzhou city, Jiangsu province, 215000 P.R. China.
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Ding J, Tuan WJ, Temte JL. Managing Close Contacts of COVID-19 Confirmed Cases in Metropolitan Areas in China. JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH MANAGEMENT AND PRACTICE 2020; 26:345-348. [PMID: 32332481 PMCID: PMC7252620 DOI: 10.1097/phh.0000000000001189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak has rapidly spread across the world. As medical systems continue to develop vaccines and treatments, it is crucial for the public health community to establish nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) that can effectively mitigate the rate of SARS-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) spread across highly populated residential areas, especially among individuals who have close contact with confirmed cases. A community-driven preparedness strategy has been implemented in metropolitan areas in China. The Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CCDC) has required that all COVID-19 confirmed cases be recorded and documented in a national notifiable disease surveillance system (NDSS). After receiving reports of newly confirmed cases, an epidemiological services team at the CCDC or trained medical professionals at local clinical facilities start a case-contact investigation. A task force performs home visits to infected individuals. Persons under investigation (PUIs) can stay in designated quarantine facilities for 14 days or in special circumstances can be quarantined at home. This community-based approach involved all stakeholders including local public health departments, public safety authorities, neighborhood councils, and community health centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ding
- Yuetan Community Health Service Center of Fu Xing Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China (Ms Ding); and Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin (Drs Tuan and Temte)
| | - Wen-Jan Tuan
- Yuetan Community Health Service Center of Fu Xing Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China (Ms Ding); and Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin (Drs Tuan and Temte)
| | - Jonathan L. Temte
- Yuetan Community Health Service Center of Fu Xing Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China (Ms Ding); and Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin (Drs Tuan and Temte)
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Shao L, Li X, Zhou Y, Yu Y, Liu Y, Liu M, Zhang R, Zhang H, Wang X, Zhou F. Novel Insights Into Illness Progression and Risk Profiles for Mortality in Non-survivors of COVID-19. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:246. [PMID: 32574334 PMCID: PMC7256183 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. The outbreak of COVID-19 has attracted the attention of the whole world. Our study aimed to describe illness progression and risk profiles for mortality in non-survivors. Methods. We retrospectively analyzed 155 patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan and focused on 18 non-survivors among them. Briefly, we compared the dynamic profile of biochemical and immune parameters and drew an epidemiological and clinical picture of disease progression from disease onset to death in non-survivors. The survival status of the cohort was indicated by a Kaplan–Meier curve. Results. Of the non-survivors, the median age was 73.5 years, and the proportion of males was 72.2%. Five and 13 patients were hospital-acquired and community-acquired infection of SARS-CoV-2, respectively. The interval between disease onset and diagnosis was 8.5 days (IQR, [4–11]). With the deterioration of disease, most patients experienced consecutive changes in biochemical parameters, including lymphopenia, leukocytosis, thrombocytopenia, hypoproteinemia, as well as elevated D-dimer and procalcitonin. Regarding the immune dysregulation, patients exhibited significantly decreased T lymphocytes in the peripheral blood, including CD3+T, CD3+CD4+Th, and CD3+CD8+Tc cells. By the end of the disease, most patients suffered from severe complications, including ARDS (17/18; 94.4%), acute cardiac injury (10/18; 55.6%), acute kidney injury (7/18; 38.9%), shock (6/18; 33.3%), gastrointestinal bleeding (1/18; 5.6%), as well as perforation of intestine (1/18; 5.6%). All patients died within 45 days after the initial hospital admission with a median survivor time of 13.5 days (IQR, 8–17). Conclusions. Our data show that patients experienced consecutive changes in biochemical and immune parameters with the deterioration of the disease, indicating the necessity of early intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Shao
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinyi Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yalan Yu
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanan Liu
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Minghui Liu
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ruixian Zhang
- Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kunming, China
| | - Haojian Zhang
- Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Medical Research Institute, School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinghuan Wang
- Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fuling Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Eslami H, Jalili M. The role of environmental factors to transmission of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19). AMB Express 2020; 10:92. [PMID: 32415548 PMCID: PMC7226715 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-020-01028-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The current outbreak of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in more than 250 countries has become a serious threat to the health of people around the world. Human-to-human transmission of the Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) occurs most often when people are in the incubation stage of the disease or are carriers and have no symptoms. Therefore, in this study, was discussed the role of environmental factors and conditions such as temperature, humidity, wind speed as well as food, water and sewage, air, insects, inanimate surfaces, and hands in COVID-19 transmission. The results of studies on the stability of the SARS-CoV-2 on different levels showed that the resistance of this virus on smooth surfaces was higher than others. Temperature increase and sunlight can facilitate the destruction of SARS-COV-2 and the stability of it on surfaces. When the minimum ambient air temperature increases by 1 °C, the cumulative number of cases decreases by 0.86%. According to the latest evidence, the presence of coronavirus in the sewer has been confirmed, but there is no evidence that it is transmitted through sewage or contaminated drinking water. Also, SARS-COV-2 transmission through food, food packages, and food handlers has not been identified as a risk factor for the disease. According to the latest studies, the possibility of transmitting SARS-COV-2 bioaerosol through the air has been reported in the internal environment of ophthalmology. The results additionally show that infectious bio-aerosols can move up to 6 feet. There have been no reports of SARS-COV-2 transmission by blood-feeding arthropods such as mosquitoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Eslami
- Occupational Environment Research Center, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sceiences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Mahrokh Jalili
- Environmental Science and Technology Research Center, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Pardis Campus, Gomnam Blv, Alem Squre, Yazd, Iran
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