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Kitagawa K, Takemoto T, Seiriki K, Kasai A, Hashimoto H, Nakazawa T. Socially activated neurons in the anterior cingulate cortex are essential for social behavior in mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 726:150251. [PMID: 38936249 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Social behavior, defined as any mode of communication between conspecifics is regulated by a widespread network comprising multiple brain structures. The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) serves as a hub region interconnected with several brain regions involved in social behavior. Because the ACC coordinates various behaviors, it is important to focus on a subpopulation of neurons that are potentially involved in social behavior to clarify the precise role of the ACC in social behavior. In this study, we aimed to analyze the roles of a social stimulus-responsive subpopulation of neurons in the ACC in social behavior in mice. We demonstrated that a subpopulation of neurons in the ACC was activated by social stimuli and that silencing the social stimulus-responsive subpopulation of neurons in the ACC significantly impaired social interaction without affecting locomotor activity or anxiety-like behavior. Our current findings highlight the importance of the social stimulus-responsive subpopulation of neurons in the ACC for social behavior and the association between ACC dysfunction and impaired social behavior, which sheds light on therapeutic interventions for psychiatric conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Kitagawa
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tomoya Takemoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kaoru Seiriki
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kasai
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; Department of Systems Neuropharmacology, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Hashimoto
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University and University of Fukui, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; Division of Bioscience, Institute for Datability Science, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; Transdimensional Life Imaging Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; Department of Molecular Pharmaceutical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Takanobu Nakazawa
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan; Department of Bioscience, Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8502, Japan.
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Liao A, Zheng W, Wang S, Wang N, Li Y, Chen D, Wang Y. Sortilin is associated with progranulin deficiency and autism-like behaviors in valproic acid-induced autism rats. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e70015. [PMID: 39218796 DOI: 10.1111/cns.70015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neuroinflammation and microglial activation-related dendritic injury contribute to the pathogenesis of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Previous studies show that Progranulin (PGRN) is a growth factor associated with inflammation and synaptic development, but the role of PGRN in autism and the mechanisms underlying changes in PGRN expression remain unclear. AIMS To investigate the impact of PGRN in autism, we stereotactically injected recombinant PGRN into the hippocampus of ASD model rats. Additionally, we explored the possibility that sortilin may be the factor behind the alterations in PGRN by utilizing SORT1 knockdown. Ultimately, we aimed to identify potential targets for the treatment of autism. RESULTS PGRN could alleviate inflammatory responses, protect neuronal dendritic spines, and ameliorate autism-like behaviors. Meanwhile, elevated expression of sortilin and decreased levels of PGRN were observed in both ASD patients and rats. Enhanced sortilin levels facilitated PGRN internalization into lysosomes. Notably, suppressing SORT1 expression amplified PGRN levels, lessened microglial activation, and mitigated inflammation, thereby alleviating autism-like behaviors. CONCLUSION Collectively, our findings highlight elevated sortilin levels in ASD rat brains, exacerbating dendrite impairment by affecting PGRN expression. PGRN supplementation and SORT1 knockdown hold potential as therapeutic strategies for ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailing Liao
- NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Reproductive Health, Chongqing Population and Family Planning Science and Technology Research Institute, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenxia Zheng
- Institute of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | | | - Nashi Wang
- Library/Archive, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | | | - Di Chen
- Institute of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, School of Basic Medical Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Wang X, Li Y, Li R, Yuan L, Hua Y, Cai Y, Liu X. Low-frequency RTMS attenuates social impairment in the VPA-induced mouse model. Behav Brain Res 2024; 472:115156. [PMID: 39032867 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impaired social interactions and repetitive behaviors. Despite its prevalence, effective treatments remain elusive. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of the balance between GABAergic and glutamatergic neuronal synaptic functions in ASD development. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (RTMS) is a painless and effective treatment allowed for use in depression and obsessive-compulsive disorder. However, its efficacy in treating autism is still under investigation. Low-frequency RTMS (LF-RTMS), which shows promise in reducing autism-like behaviors, is considered to regulate synaptic function. OBJECTIVE We observed and recorded the behaviors of mice to assess the impact of RTMS on their social interactions and repetitive activities. Subsequently, we examined GABAergic and glutamatergic neuronal markers along with synaptic marker proteins to understand the underlying changes associated with these behaviors. METHODS To evaluate behaviors associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), several behavioral tests were conducted, focusing on sociability, repetitive behaviors, locomotion, anxiety, and depression. Additionally, Western blot and immunofluorescence staining were employed to investigate the activity of GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons in the hippocampus, aiming to understand the synaptic mechanisms underlying these behaviors. RESULTS LF-RTMS treatment effectively relieved the social disability and normalized synaptic function in the hippocampus of ASD mice model induced by valproate (VPA). Importantly, this treatment did not lead to any adverse effects on repetitive behavior, locomotion, anxiety, or depression. CONCLUSION LF-RTMS attenuated social disability without affecting repetitive behavior, locomotion, anxiety, or depression. Changes in the expression of GABAergic and glutamatergic neuronal synaptic proteins in the hippocampus were also observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Wang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, China
| | - Yanna Li
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Linying Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, China
| | - Yanfan Hua
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, China
| | - Yulong Cai
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xinfeng Liu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, China.
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Zeng X, Fan L, Qin Q, Zheng D, Wang H, Li M, Jiang Y, Wang H, Liu H, Liang S, Wu L, Liang S. Exogenous PD-L1 binds to PD-1 to alleviate and prevent autism-like behaviors in maternal immune activation-induced male offspring mice. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 122:527-546. [PMID: 39182588 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 08/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by the interaction of multiple pathogenic factors. Epidemiological studies and animal experiments indicate that maternal immune activation (MIA) is closely related to the development of ASD in offspring. A large number of pro-inflammatory cytokines are transferred from the placenta to the fetal brain during MIA, which impedes fetal neurodevelopment and is accompanied by activation of immune cells and microglia. Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) can be highly expressed on the surface of various activated immune cells, when combined with programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), it can activate the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway and exert powerful immunosuppressive effects, suggesting that this immune checkpoint may have the potential to treat MIA-induced ASD. This study combined bioinformatics analysis and experimental validation to explore the efficacy of Fc-fused PD-L1 (PD-L1-Fc) in treating MIA-induced ASD. Bioinformatics analysis results showed that in human placental inflammation, IL-6 was upregulated, T cells proliferated significantly, and the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway was significantly enriched. The experimental results showed that intraperitoneal injection of poly(I:C) induced MIA in pregnant mice resulted in significant expression of IL-6 in their serum, placenta, and fetal brain. At the same time, the expression of PD-1 and PD-L1 in the placenta and fetal brain increased, CD4+ T cells in the spleen were significantly activated, and PD-1 expression increased. Their offspring mice exhibited typical ASD-like behaviors. In vitro experiments on primary microglia of offspring mice have confirmed that the expression of IL-6, PD-1, and PD-L1 is significantly increased, and PD-L1-Fc effectively reduced their expression levels. In the prefrontal cortex of MIA offspring mice, there was an increase in the expression of IL-6, PD-1, and PD-L1; activation of microglial cells, and colocalization with PD-1. Then we administered brain stereotaxic injections of PD-L1-Fc to MIA offspring mice and intraperitoneal injections to MIA pregnant mice. The results indicated that PD-L1-Fc effectively suppressed neuroinflammation in the frontal cortex of offspring mice and partially ameliorated ASD-like behaviors; MIA in pregnant mice was significantly alleviated, and the offspring mice they produced did not exhibit neuroinflammation or ASD-like behaviors. In summary, we have demonstrated the therapeutic ability of PD-L1-Fc for MIA-induced ASD, aiming to provide new strategies and insights for the treatment of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zeng
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Linlin Fan
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Qian Qin
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Danyang Zheng
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Mengyue Li
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Yutong Jiang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Shengjun Liang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Lijie Wu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China.
| | - Shuang Liang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China.
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Hanzel M, Fernando K, Maloney SE, Horn Z, Gong S, Mätlik K, Zhao J, Pasolli HA, Heissel S, Dougherty JD, Hull C, Hatten ME. Mice lacking Astn2 have ASD-like behaviors and altered cerebellar circuit properties. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2405901121. [PMID: 39150780 PMCID: PMC11348334 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2405901121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Astrotactin 2 (ASTN2) is a transmembrane neuronal protein highly expressed in the cerebellum that functions in receptor trafficking and modulates cerebellar Purkinje cell (PC) synaptic activity. Individuals with ASTN2 mutations exhibit neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), learning difficulties, and language delay. To provide a genetic model for the role of the cerebellum in ASD-related behaviors and study the role of ASTN2 in cerebellar circuit function, we generated global and PC-specific conditional Astn2 knockout (KO and cKO, respectively) mouse lines. Astn2 KO mice exhibit strong ASD-related behavioral phenotypes, including a marked decrease in separation-induced pup ultrasonic vocalization calls, hyperactivity, repetitive behaviors, altered behavior in the three-chamber test, and impaired cerebellar-dependent eyeblink conditioning. Hyperactivity and repetitive behaviors are also prominent in Astn2 cKO animals, but they do not show altered behavior in the three-chamber test. By Golgi staining, Astn2 KO PCs have region-specific changes in dendritic spine density and filopodia numbers. Proteomic analysis of Astn2 KO cerebellum reveals a marked upregulation of ASTN2 family member, ASTN1, a neuron-glial adhesion protein. Immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy demonstrate a significant increase in Bergmann glia volume in the molecular layer of Astn2 KO animals. Electrophysiological experiments indicate a reduced frequency of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs), as well as increased amplitudes of both spontaneous EPSCs and inhibitory postsynaptic currents in the Astn2 KO animals, suggesting that pre- and postsynaptic components of synaptic transmission are altered. Thus, ASTN2 regulates ASD-like behaviors and cerebellar circuit properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michalina Hanzel
- Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY10065
| | - Kayla Fernando
- Neurobiology Department, Duke University, Durham, NC27710
| | - Susan E. Maloney
- Department of Psychiatry and the Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, MO63130
| | - Zachi Horn
- Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY10065
- InVitro Cell Research LLC, Englewood, NJ07631
| | - Shiaoching Gong
- Helen and Robert Appel Alzheimer’s Disease Institute, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY10021
| | - Kärt Mätlik
- Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY10065
| | - Jiajia Zhao
- Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY10065
| | - H. Amalia Pasolli
- Electron Microscopy Resource Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY10065
| | - Søren Heissel
- Proteomics Resource Center, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY10065
| | - Joseph D. Dougherty
- Department of Psychiatry and the Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, MO63130
- Department of Genetics, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, MO63130
| | - Court Hull
- Neurobiology Department, Duke University, Durham, NC27710
| | - Mary E. Hatten
- Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY10065
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Liu JC, Zhao XY, Wu ML, Shi YF, Huang ZP, Fang LP, Zhu C, Peng X, Shi ZL, Lan LJ, Ji WL, Luo L, Feng L, Zhang ZL, Xu DE, Li S, Qin ZH, Sun YY, Schachner M, Ma QH. GPR50 regulates neuronal development as a mitophagy receptor. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:591. [PMID: 39143050 PMCID: PMC11324738 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06978-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Neurons rely heavily on high mitochondrial metabolism to provide sufficient energy for proper development. However, it remains unclear how neurons maintain high oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) during development. Mitophagy plays a pivotal role in maintaining mitochondrial quality and quantity. We herein describe that G protein-coupled receptor 50 (GPR50) is a novel mitophagy receptor, which harbors the LC3-interacting region (LIR) and is required in mitophagy under stress conditions. Although it does not localize in mitochondria under normal culturing conditions, GPR50 is recruited to the depolarized mitochondrial membrane upon mitophagy stress, which marks the mitochondrial portion and recruits the assembling autophagosomes, eventually facilitating the mitochondrial fragments to be engulfed by the autophagosomes. Mutations Δ502-505 and T532A attenuate GPR50-mediated mitophagy by disrupting the binding of GPR50 to LC3 and the mitochondrial recruitment of GPR50. Deficiency of GPR50 causes the accumulation of damaged mitochondria and disrupts OXPHOS, resulting in insufficient ATP production and excessive ROS generation, eventually impairing neuronal development. GPR50-deficient mice exhibit impaired social recognition, which is rescued by prenatal treatment with mitoQ, a mitochondrially antioxidant. The present study identifies GPR50 as a novel mitophagy receptor that is required to maintain mitochondrial OXPHOS in developing neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Chuan Liu
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215021, China
- Institute of Neuroscience & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-psycho-Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215021, China
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebral Diseases, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug-Research and Development (R & D) of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Xiu-Yun Zhao
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215021, China
- Institute of Neuroscience & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-psycho-Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215021, China
| | - Ming-Lei Wu
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215021, China
- Institute of Neuroscience & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-psycho-Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215021, China
| | - Yi-Fan Shi
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215021, China
- Institute of Neuroscience & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-psycho-Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215021, China
| | - Ze-Ping Huang
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215021, China
- Institute of Neuroscience & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-psycho-Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215021, China
| | - Li-Pao Fang
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215021, China
- Institute of Neuroscience & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-psycho-Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215021, China
| | - Chao Zhu
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215021, China
- Institute of Neuroscience & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-psycho-Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215021, China
| | - Xuan Peng
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215021, China
- Institute of Neuroscience & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-psycho-Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215021, China
- School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215021, China
| | - Zi-Ling Shi
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215021, China
- Institute of Neuroscience & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-psycho-Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215021, China
| | - Li-Jun Lan
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215021, China
- Institute of Neuroscience & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-psycho-Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215021, China
| | - Wen-Li Ji
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215021, China
- Institute of Neuroscience & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-psycho-Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215021, China
| | - Li Luo
- School of Physical Education and Sports Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215021, China
| | - Lei Feng
- Monash Suzhou Research Institute, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Zeng-Li Zhang
- School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215021, China
| | - De-En Xu
- The Wuxi No.2 People Hospital, Wuxi, 214002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shao Li
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebral Diseases, National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Drug-Research and Development (R & D) of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Zheng-Hong Qin
- Institute of Health Technology, Suzhou Gaobo Vocational College, Suzhou High-Technology District, Science & Technology Town, 5 Qingshan Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215163, PR China
| | - Yan-Yun Sun
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215021, China
- Institute of Neuroscience & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-psycho-Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215021, China
| | - Melitta Schachner
- Center for Neuroscience, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, China
- Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience and Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA
| | - Quan-Hong Ma
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215021, China.
- Institute of Neuroscience & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research and Therapy for Neuro-psycho-Diseases, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215021, China.
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Camussi D, Naef V, Brogi L, Della Vecchia S, Marchese M, Nicoletti F, Santorelli FM, Licitra R. Delving into the Complexity of Valproate-Induced Autism Spectrum Disorder: The Use of Zebrafish Models. Cells 2024; 13:1349. [PMID: 39195239 DOI: 10.3390/cells13161349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a multifactorial neurodevelopmental condition with several identified risk factors, both genetic and non-genetic. Among these, prenatal exposure to valproic acid (VPA) has been extensively associated with the development of the disorder. The zebrafish, a cost- and time-effective model, is useful for studying ASD features. Using validated VPA-induced ASD zebrafish models, we aimed to provide new insights into VPA exposure effects during embryonic development and to identify new potential biomarkers associated with ASD-like features. Dose-response analyses were performed in vivo to study larval phenotypes and mechanisms underlying neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, microglial cell status, and motor behaviour. Wild-type and transgenic Tg(mpeg1:EGFP) zebrafish were water-exposed to VPA doses (5 to 500 µM) from 6 to 120 h post-fertilisation (hpf). Embryos and larvae were monitored daily to assess survival and hatching rates, and numerous analyses and tests were conducted from 24 to 120 hpf. VPA doses higher than 50 µM worsened survival and hatching rates, while doses of 25 µM or more altered morphology, microglial status, and larval behaviours. VPA 50 µM also affected mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines and neurogenesis-related genes, mitochondrial respiration, and reactive oxygen species accumulation. The study confirmed that VPA alters brain homeostasis, synaptic interconnections, and neurogenesis-related signalling pathways, contributing to ASD aetiopathogenesis. Further studies are essential to identify novel ASD biomarkers for developing new drug targets and tailored therapeutic interventions for ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diletta Camussi
- Department of Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, 56128 Pisa, Italy
| | - Valentina Naef
- Department of Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, 56128 Pisa, Italy
| | - Letizia Brogi
- Bio@SNS, Department of Neurosciences, Scuola Normale Superiore, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Stefania Della Vecchia
- Department of Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, 56128 Pisa, Italy
| | - Maria Marchese
- Department of Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, 56128 Pisa, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Nicoletti
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology Vittorio Erspamer, "La Sapienza" University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
- IRCSS Neuromed, "La Sapienza" University of Rome, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Filippo M Santorelli
- Department of Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, 56128 Pisa, Italy
| | - Rosario Licitra
- Department of Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine, IRCCS Stella Maris Foundation, 56128 Pisa, Italy
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Pisa, 56124 Pisa, Italy
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8
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Hou Y, Song Z, Deng J, Song X. The impact of exercise intervention on social interaction in children with autism: a network meta-analysis. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1399642. [PMID: 39206007 PMCID: PMC11349572 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1399642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Extensive research has documented the positive impacts of physical activity on children and adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). However, the specific benefits of various sports on the social functioning of children with ASD remain ambiguous. This study aims to employ a network meta-analysis to investigate the effects of different sports on the social functioning of children and adolescents with ASD and to establish a ranking of their effectiveness. Methods This study conducted a comprehensive online search across Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane, and Embase databases for randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies focusing on social functioning outcomes. Data were synthesized using a Bayesian framework. Results Sixteen relevant studies encompassing 560 participants were included. According to Cohen's classification, mini-basketball (SMD = 0.84, 95% CI: 0.46, 1.20), SPARK (SMD = 0.88, 95% CI: 0.06, 1.70), and Karate (SMD = 1.10, 95% CI: 0.27, 2.00) demonstrated high effect sizes, with Karate identified as the most effective intervention. Conversely, Combined Exercise and Nei Yang Gong interventions exhibited the least significant effects, falling below small effect sizes. Conclusion Physical activity interventions have been shown to enhance social functioning in children and adolescents with ASD to varying extents, with Karate emerging as the most efficacious.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Xiangqin Song
- College of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
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9
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Feng S, Gong Y, Xia L, Lang Y, Shen Y, Li H, Feng W, Chen F, Chen Y. Calcium Hexacyanoferrate (III) Nanocatalyst Enables Redox Homeostasis for Autism Spectrum Disorder Treatment. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2405655. [PMID: 39096109 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202405655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a multifaced neurodevelopmental disorder with considerable heterogeneity, in which over-generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) induce a cascade of pathological changes, including cellular apoptosis and inflammatory responses. Given the complex etiology of ASD, no effective treatment is available for ASD. In this work, a specific catalytic nanoenzyme, calcium hexacyanoferrate (III) nanocatalysts (CaH NCs), is designed and engineered for efficient ASD treatment. CaH NCs can mimic the activities of natural enzymes including superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase, which mitigates intracellular excessive ROS and regulates redox equilibrium. These CaH NCs modulate mitochondrial membrane potential, elevate B-cell lymphoma-2 levels, and suppress pro-apoptotic proteins, including Caspase-3 and B-cell lymphoma-2-associated X, thus effectively reducing cellular apoptosis. Importantly, CaH NCs alleviate inflammation by upregulating anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 and downregulating pro-inflammatory factors, resulting in attenuated activation of microglial and astrocytic and subsequent reduction in neuroinflammation. Subsequently, CaH NCs enhance social abilities, decrease anxiety levels, ameliorate repetitive behaviors, and improve learning and memory in ASD animal models through inflammation regulation and apoptosis inhibition. The CaH NCs in managing and preventing ASD represents a paradigm shift in autism treatment, paving the alternative but efficient way for clinical interventions in neurological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shini Feng
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Yan Gong
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Lili Xia
- Materdicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Yue Lang
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Yizhe Shen
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Hui Li
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Wei Feng
- Materdicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Fuxue Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
| | - Yu Chen
- Materdicine Lab, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, P. R. China
- Shanghai Institute of Materdicine, Shanghai, 200051, P. R. China
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10
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Shou XJ, He Y. Autism and comorbidity: insights from brain imaging studies. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024; 33:2441-2443. [PMID: 39014065 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-024-02529-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Jing Shou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Connectomics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yong He
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Connectomics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
- Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, 102206, China.
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11
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MacFarland SP, Duvall M, Kemajou RT, Baldino SE, Zelley K, Black C, Thomas A, Thomas NH, Ruffner M, Li Y, Miller JS, Brodeur GM, Shabason E. Developmental and behavioral phenotypes of pediatric patients with PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2024; 194:e63608. [PMID: 38546160 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.63608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Our study characterized the neurodevelopmental spectrum of individuals with PTEN Hamartoma Tumor Syndrome (PHTS), a syndrome that predisposes to both neurodevelopmental phenotypes and cancer risk. We aim to better understand life-impacting neurodevelopmental features of PHTS. Our study recruited 20 children/adolescents with PHTS, who were then administered assessments for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and other neurocognitive measures, including assessment of IQ, executive and adaptive functioning, and health-related quality of life. Thirteen individuals (65%) were identified as having ASD, of which five were newly diagnosed during the study. Of those, ASD symptom severity was in the mild-moderate range for 77%. Overall, IQ was in the average range, with a mean of 92.61 (SD 24.45, p = 0.5), though there was a non-statistically significant trend toward individuals without ASD having a higher mean IQ (102.7 vs 82.3; p = 0.1). Subjects had significant impairment in processing speed (mean 75.38, SD 24.75, p < 0.05), decreased adaptive functioning skills across all domains, and a trend toward having more executive functioning problems. Individuals with PHTS are at increased risk of neurodevelopmental disorders, including ASD and impaired executive and adaptive functioning. Although clear guidelines exist for cancer surveillance for individuals with PHTS, additional guidelines and screening for neurodevelopmental disorders are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne P MacFarland
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Melani Duvall
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Sarah E Baldino
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kristin Zelley
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Chelsea Black
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Behavioral Neuroscience Core, Center for Human Phenomic Science, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Allison Thomas
- Behavioral Neuroscience Core, Center for Human Phenomic Science, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nina H Thomas
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Behavioral Neuroscience Core, Center for Human Phenomic Science, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Melanie Ruffner
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yimei Li
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Judith S Miller
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Garrett M Brodeur
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Emily Shabason
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Children's Hospital of Colorado, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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12
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You M, Chen N, Yang Y, Cheng L, He H, Cai Y, Liu Y, Liu H, Hong G. The gut microbiota-brain axis in neurological disorders. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e656. [PMID: 39036341 PMCID: PMC11260174 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown a bidirectional communication between human gut microbiota and the brain, known as the microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA). The MGBA influences the host's nervous system development, emotional regulation, and cognitive function through neurotransmitters, immune modulation, and metabolic pathways. Factors like diet, lifestyle, genetics, and environment shape the gut microbiota composition together. Most research have explored how gut microbiota regulates host physiology and its potential in preventing and treating neurological disorders. However, the individual heterogeneity of gut microbiota, strains playing a dominant role in neurological diseases, and the interactions of these microbial metabolites with the central/peripheral nervous systems still need exploration. This review summarizes the potential role of gut microbiota in driving neurodevelopmental disorders (autism spectrum disorder and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder), neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease), and mood disorders (anxiety and depression) in recent years and discusses the current clinical and preclinical gut microbe-based interventions, including dietary intervention, probiotics, prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation. It also puts forward the current insufficient research on gut microbiota in neurological disorders and provides a framework for further research on neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming You
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Genetic TestingThe Department of Laboratory MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen UniversityXiamenChina
| | - Nan Chen
- Master of Public HealthSchool of Public HealthXiamen UniversityXiamenChina
| | - Yuanyuan Yang
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Genetic TestingThe Department of Laboratory MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen UniversityXiamenChina
| | - Lingjun Cheng
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Genetic TestingThe Department of Laboratory MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen UniversityXiamenChina
| | - Hongzhang He
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Genetic TestingThe Department of Laboratory MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen UniversityXiamenChina
| | - Yanhua Cai
- Master of Public HealthSchool of Public HealthXiamen UniversityXiamenChina
| | - Yating Liu
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Genetic TestingThe Department of Laboratory MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen UniversityXiamenChina
| | - Haiyue Liu
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Genetic TestingThe Department of Laboratory MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen UniversityXiamenChina
| | - Guolin Hong
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Genetic TestingThe Department of Laboratory MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen UniversityXiamenChina
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13
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Salmerón AM, Pérez-Fernández C, Abreu AC, Fernández S, Tristán AI, Ruiz-Sobremazas D, Cabré M, Guardia-Escote L, Fernández I, Sánchez-Santed F. Exploring microbiota-gut-brain axis biomarkers linked to autism spectrum disorder in prenatally chlorpyrifos-exposed Fmr1 knock-out and wild-type male rats. Toxicology 2024; 506:153871. [PMID: 38925359 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2024.153871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Fmr1 (fragile X messenger ribonucleoprotein 1)-knockout (KO) rats, modeling the human Fragile X Syndrome (FXS), are of particular interest for exploring the ASD-like phenotype in preclinical studies. Gestational exposure to chlorpyrifos (CPF) has been associated with ASD diagnosis in humans and ASD-like behaviors in rodents and linked to the microbiota-gut-brain axis. In this study, we have used both Fmr1-KO and wild-type male rats (F2 generation) at postnatal days (PND) 7 and 40 obtained after F1 pregnant females were randomly exposed to 1 mg/kg/mL/day of CPF or vehicle. A nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolomics approach together with gene expression profiles of these F2 generation rats were employed to analyze different brain regions (such as prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum), whole large intestine (at PND7) and gut content (PND40). The statistical comparison of each matrix spectral profile unveiled tissue-specific metabolic fingerprints. Significant variations in some biomarker levels were detected among brain tissues of different genotypes, including taurine, myo-inositol, and 3-hydroxybutyric acid, and exposure to CPF induced distinct metabolic alterations, particularly in serine and myo-inositol. Additionally, this study provides a set of metabolites associated with gastrointestinal dysfunction in ASD, encompassing several amino acids, choline-derived compounds, bile acids, and sterol molecules. In terms of gene expression, genotype and gestational exposure to CPF had only minimal effects on decarboxylase 2 (gad2) and cholinergic receptor muscarinic 2 (chrm2) genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Salmerón
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Research Centre CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - Cristian Pérez-Fernández
- Department of Psychology and Health Research Centre, Research Centre for Social Welfare and Inclusion (CIBIS), University of Almería, Ctra. Sacramento s/n, Almería 04120, Spain
| | - Ana C Abreu
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Research Centre CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, Almería, Spain.
| | - Silvia Fernández
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Research Centre CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - Ana I Tristán
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Research Centre CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - Diego Ruiz-Sobremazas
- Department of Psychology and Health Research Centre, Research Centre for Social Welfare and Inclusion (CIBIS), University of Almería, Ctra. Sacramento s/n, Almería 04120, Spain
| | - María Cabré
- Research Group in Neurobehavior and Health (NEUROLAB) and Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Laia Guardia-Escote
- Research Group in Neurobehavior and Health (NEUROLAB) and Department of Psychology and Research Center for Behavior Assessment (CRAMC), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Ignacio Fernández
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Research Centre CIAIMBITAL, University of Almería, Almería, Spain.
| | - Fernando Sánchez-Santed
- Department of Psychology and Health Research Centre, Research Centre for Social Welfare and Inclusion (CIBIS), University of Almería, Ctra. Sacramento s/n, Almería 04120, Spain.
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14
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Rajagopalan SS, Zhang Y, Yahia A, Tammimies K. Machine Learning Prediction of Autism Spectrum Disorder From a Minimal Set of Medical and Background Information. JAMA Netw Open 2024; 7:e2429229. [PMID: 39158907 PMCID: PMC11333987 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.29229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Importance Early identification of the likelihood of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) using minimal information is crucial for early diagnosis and intervention, which can affect developmental outcomes. Objective To develop and validate a machine learning (ML) model for predicting ASD using a minimal set of features from background and medical information and to evaluate the predictors and the utility of the ML model. Design, Setting, and Participants For this diagnostic study, a retrospective analysis of the Simons Foundation Powering Autism Research for Knowledge (SPARK) database, version 8 (released June 6, 2022), was conducted, including data from 30 660 participants after adjustments for missing values and class imbalances (15 330 with ASD and 15 330 without ASD). The SPARK database contains participants recruited from 31 university-affiliated research clinicals and online in 26 states in the US. All individuals with a professional ASD diagnosis and their families were eligible to participate. The model performance was validated on independent datasets from SPARK, version 10 (released July 21, 2023), and the Simons Simplex Collection (SSC), consisting of 14 790 participants, followed by phenotypic associations. Exposures Twenty-eight basic medical screening and background history items present before 24 months of age. Main Outcomes and Measures Generalizable ML prediction models were developed for detecting ASD using 4 algorithms (logistic regression, decision tree, random forest, and eXtreme Gradient Boosting [XGBoost]). Performance metrics included accuracy, area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUROC), sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and F1 score, offering a comprehensive assessment of the predictive accuracy of the model. Explainable AI methods were applied to determine the effect of individual features in predicting ASD as secondary outcomes, enhancing the interpretability of the best-performing model. The secondary outcome analyses were further complemented by examining differences in various phenotypic measures using nonparametric statistical methods, providing insights into the ability of the model to differentiate between different presentations of ASD. Results The study included 19 477 (63.5%) male and 11 183 (36.5%) female participants (mean [SD] age, 106 [62] months). The mean (SD) age was 113 (68) months for the ASD group and 100 (55) months for the non-ASD group. The XGBoost (termed AutMedAI) model demonstrated strong performance with an AUROC score of 0.895, sensitivity of 0.805, specificity of 0.829, and PPV of 0.897. Developmental milestones and eating behavior were the most important predictors. Validation on independent cohorts showed an AUROC of 0.790, indicating good generalizability. Conclusions and Relevance In this diagnostic study of ML prediction of ASD, robust model performance was observed to identify autistic individuals with more symptoms and lower cognitive levels. The robustness and ML model generalizability results are promising for further validation and use in clinical and population settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyam Sundar Rajagopalan
- Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
- Department of Highly Specialized Pediatric Orthopedics and Medicine, Astrid Lindgren Children’s Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Applied Biotechnology, Bengaluru, India
| | - Yali Zhang
- Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
- Department of Highly Specialized Pediatric Orthopedics and Medicine, Astrid Lindgren Children’s Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ashraf Yahia
- Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
- Department of Highly Specialized Pediatric Orthopedics and Medicine, Astrid Lindgren Children’s Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kristiina Tammimies
- Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
- Department of Highly Specialized Pediatric Orthopedics and Medicine, Astrid Lindgren Children’s Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
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15
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Bu LK, Jia PP, Huo WB, Pei DS. Assessment of Probiotics' Impact on Neurodevelopmental and Behavioral Responses in Zebrafish Models: Implications for Autism Spectrum Disorder Therapy. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024:10.1007/s12602-024-10335-y. [PMID: 39090455 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-024-10335-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder; the prevalence of which has been on the rise with unknown causes. Alterations in the gut-brain axis have been widely recognized in ASD patients, and probiotics are considered to potentially benefit the rescuing of autism-like behaviors. However, the effectiveness and mechanisms of multiple probiotics on zebrafish models are still not clearly revealed. This study aims to use the germ-free (GF) and conventionally raised (CR) AB wild-type zebrafish and the mutant Tbr1b-/- and Katnal2-/- lines as human-linked ASD animal models to evaluate the effects of multiple probiotics on mitigating developmental and behavioral defects. Results showed that the addition of probiotics increased the basic important developmental indexes, such as body length, weight, and survival rate of treated zebrafish. Moreover, the Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus rhamnosus affected the behavior of CR zebrafish by increasing their mobility, lowering the GF zebrafish manic, and mitigating transgenic zebrafish abnormal behavior. Moreover, the expression levels of key genes related to gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), dopamine (DA), and serotonin (5-HT) as important neuropathways to influence the appearance and development of autism-related disorders, including gad1b, tph1a, htr3a, th, and slc6a3, were significantly activated by some of the probiotics' treatment at some extent. Taken together, this study indicates the beneficial effects of different probiotics, which may provide a novel understanding of probiotic function in related diseases' therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Kang Bu
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Pan-Pan Jia
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Wen-Bo Huo
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - De-Sheng Pei
- School of Public Health, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China.
- Chongqing Miankai Biotechnology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Chongqing, 400025, China.
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16
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Wu Y, Zhang Z, Dong X, Liang P, Li L, Zhai X, Zou B. Epilepsy and childhood psychiatric disorders: a two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization study. Neurol Sci 2024; 45:3971-3978. [PMID: 38488928 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-024-07447-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Observational studies have indicated that psychiatric disorders are the most common comorbidities in pediatric epilepsy. However, the existence and direction of a causal relationship between the two remains controversial. This study aims to investigate the association between common childhood psychiatric disorders and epilepsy using a two-sample, bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) approach. METHODS Genetic instruments were obtained from the most recent and largest genome-wide association studies (GWAS), including datasets for epilepsy (N_case = 29,994, N_control = 52,538), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (N_case = 38,691, N_control = 186,843), autism spectrum disorder (ASD) (N_case = 18,381, N_control = 27,969), and Tourette syndrome (TS) (N_case = 4,819, N_control = 9488). MR analyses were conducted using the inverse variance weighted (IVW) method, weighted median method, and MR-Egger regression. RESULTS No reliable evidence was found to suggest a causal effect of ADHD, ASD, or TS on epilepsy, nor was there any reliable evidence indicating that epilepsy increases the risk of these three psychiatric disorders. These findings remained consistent across various sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSION Although observational studies have highlighted a high comorbidity rate between pediatric epilepsy and psychiatric disorders like ADHD and ASD, the MR analysis did not confirm a causal relationship between them. This suggests that previous studies might have been influenced by confounding biases or other biases, potentially overestimating the true relationship. A deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying these comorbidities is crucial for refining the treatment of pediatric epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- YuXin Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 136, Zhongshan 2Nd Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400010, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Chongqing, China
| | - ZaiYu Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 136, Zhongshan 2Nd Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400010, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinyu Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 136, Zhongshan 2Nd Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400010, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Chongqing, China
| | - Ping Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 136, Zhongshan 2Nd Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400010, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Chongqing, China
| | - Lusheng Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 136, Zhongshan 2Nd Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400010, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuan Zhai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 136, Zhongshan 2Nd Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400010, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Chongqing, China
| | - Bin Zou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 136, Zhongshan 2Nd Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400010, China.
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medical Research in Cognitive Development and Learning and Memory Disorders, Chongqing, China.
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17
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Khan NA, Shang X. ASD-GANNet: A Generative Adversarial Network-Inspired Deep Learning Approach for the Classification of Autism Brain Disorder. Brain Sci 2024; 14:766. [PMID: 39199460 PMCID: PMC11352749 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14080766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The classification of a pre-processed fMRI dataset using functional connectivity (FC)-based features is considered a challenging task because of the set of high-dimensional FC features and the small dataset size. To tackle this specific set of FC high-dimensional features and a small-sized dataset, we propose here a conditional Generative Adversarial Network (cGAN)-based dataset augmenter to first train the cGAN on computed connectivity features of NYU dataset and use the trained cGAN to generate synthetic connectivity features per category. After obtaining a sufficient number of connectivity features per category, a Multi-Head attention mechanism is used as a head for the classification. We name our proposed approach "ASD-GANNet", which is end-to-end and does not require hand-crafted features, as the Multi-Head attention mechanism focuses on the features that are more relevant. Moreover, we compare our results with the six available state-of-the-art techniques from the literature. Our proposed approach results using the "NYU" site as a training set for generating a cGAN-based synthetic dataset are promising. We achieve an overall 10-fold cross-validation-based accuracy of 82%, sensitivity of 82%, and specificity of 81%, outperforming available state-of-the art approaches. A sitewise comparison of our proposed approach also outperforms the available state-of-the-art, as out of the 17 sites, our proposed approach has better results in the 10 sites.
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18
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Gholamalizadeh H, Amiri-Shahri M, Rasouli F, Ansari A, Baradaran Rahimi V, Reza Askari V. DNA Methylation in Autism Spectrum Disorders: Biomarker or Pharmacological Target? Brain Sci 2024; 14:737. [PMID: 39199432 PMCID: PMC11352561 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14080737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Revised: 07/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a group of heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disabilities with persistent impairments in cognition, communication, and social behavior. Although environmental factors play a role in ASD etiopathogenesis, a growing body of evidence indicates that ASD is highly inherited. In the last two decades, the dramatic rise in the prevalence of ASD has interested researchers to explore the etiologic role of epigenetic marking and incredibly abnormal DNA methylation. This review aimed to explain the current understanding of the association between changes in DNA methylation signatures and ASD in patients or animal models. We reviewed studies reporting alterations in DNA methylation at specific genes as well as epigenome-wide association studies (EWASs). Finally, we hypothesized that specific changes in DNA methylation patterns could be considered a potential biomarker for ASD diagnosis and prognosis and even a target for pharmacological intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanieh Gholamalizadeh
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 13131-99137, Iran;
- Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 91779-48564, Iran
| | - Maedeh Amiri-Shahri
- Student Research Committee, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd 94149-75516, Iran; (M.A.-S.); (F.R.); (A.A.)
- Faculty of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd 94149-75516, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rasouli
- Student Research Committee, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd 94149-75516, Iran; (M.A.-S.); (F.R.); (A.A.)
- Faculty of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd 94149-75516, Iran
| | - Arina Ansari
- Student Research Committee, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd 94149-75516, Iran; (M.A.-S.); (F.R.); (A.A.)
- Faculty of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd 94149-75516, Iran
| | - Vafa Baradaran Rahimi
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 91779-48564, Iran;
| | - Vahid Reza Askari
- Pharmacological Research Center of Medicinal Plants, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 91779-48564, Iran
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19
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De Marzio M, Lasky-Su J, Chu SH, Prince N, Litonjua AA, Weiss ST, Kelly RS, Glass KR. The metabolic role of vitamin D in children's neurodevelopment: a network study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:16929. [PMID: 39043876 PMCID: PMC11266698 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-67835-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurodevelopmental disorders are rapidly increasing in prevalence and have been linked to various environmental risk factors. Mounting evidence suggests a potential role of vitamin D in child neurodevelopment, though the causal mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here, we investigate how vitamin D deficiency affects children's communication development, particularly in relation to Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). We do so by developing an integrative network approach that combines metabolomic profiles, clinical traits, and neurodevelopmental data from a pediatric cohort. Our results show that low levels of vitamin D are associated with changes in the metabolic networks of tryptophan, linoleic, and fatty acid metabolism. These changes correlate with distinct ASD-related phenotypes, including delayed communication skills and respiratory dysfunctions. Additionally, our analysis suggests the kynurenine and serotonin sub-pathways may mediate the effect of vitamin D on early life communication development. Altogether, our findings provide metabolome-wide insights into the potential of vitamin D as a therapeutic option for ASD and other communication disorders.
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Grants
- R01HL091528 U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
- K01HL153941 U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
- K01 HL153941 NHLBI NIH HHS
- UH3 OD023268 ODCDC CDC HHS
- K01HL146980 U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
- R01HL141826 U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
- K25HL168157 U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
- R01 HL155749 NHLBI NIH HHS
- R01HL155749 U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
- R01HL123915 U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita De Marzio
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Jessica Lasky-Su
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Su H Chu
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicole Prince
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Augusto A Litonjua
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Golisano Children's Hospital, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Scott T Weiss
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rachel S Kelly
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kimberly R Glass
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
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20
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Fu Q, Li L, Zhuoma N, Ma R, Zhao Z, Quzuo Z, Wang Z, Yangzong D, Di J. Causality between six psychiatric disorders and digestive tract cancers risk: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:16689. [PMID: 39030227 PMCID: PMC11271641 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66535-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Associations between psychiatric disorders and digestive tract cancers have been proposed. However, the causal link between these factors remains unclear. This study pioneers Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to explore the genetic link between psychiatric disorders and digestive tract cancers risk. We analysed data on six psychiatric disorders [schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder (MDD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, and panic disorder (PD)] and digestive tract cancers [esophagus cancer (EC), gastric cancer (GC), and colorectal cancer (CRC)] from genome-wide association studies databases. Using instrumental variables identified from significant single nucleotide polymorphism associations, we employed the inverse variance weighted (IVW) method alongside the weighted median (WM) method and MR-Egger regression. The results revealed no causal link between psychiatric disorders and the risk of EC or GC. Psychiatric disorders were not identified as risk factors for CRC. Notably, PD demonstrated a lower CRC risk (OR = 0.79, 95% CI 0.66-0.93, P = 0.01). This MR analysis underscores the lack of a causal association between psychiatric disorders and digestive tract cancers risk while suggesting a potential protective effect of PD against CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Fu
- Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital (The Clinical Medical School), Qinghai University, Xining, 810000, Qinghai, China
| | - Linghui Li
- The Fifth People's Hospital of Qinghai Province, Xining, 810000, Qinghai, China
| | - Niyang Zhuoma
- Yushu City People's Hospital, Yushu, 815099, Qinghai, China
| | - Rui Ma
- Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital (The Clinical Medical School), Qinghai University, Xining, 810000, Qinghai, China
| | - Zhixi Zhao
- Yushu City People's Hospital, Yushu, 815099, Qinghai, China
| | - Zhaxi Quzuo
- Yushu City People's Hospital, Yushu, 815099, Qinghai, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Yushu City People's Hospital, Yushu, 815099, Qinghai, China
| | - Deji Yangzong
- Yushu City People's Hospital, Yushu, 815099, Qinghai, China
| | - Ji Di
- Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital (The Clinical Medical School), Qinghai University, Xining, 810000, Qinghai, China.
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21
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Wei F, Chen T, Huang Y, Yang Y, Cheng X, Yang L. Multiple Exposures to Sevoflurane General Anesthesia During Pregnancy Inhibit CaMKII/CREB Axis by Downregulating HCN2 to Induce an Autism-Like Phenotype in Offspring Mice. J Mol Neurosci 2024; 74:69. [PMID: 39017898 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-024-02243-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
The objective of this investigation was to examine the impact of multiple exposures to general anesthesia (GA) with sevoflurane on the offspring of pregnant mice, as well as to elucidate the underlying mechanism. Neurodevelopmental assessments, including various reflexes and behavioral tests, were conducted on the offspring in the GA group to evaluate neuronal cell development. Furthermore, neonatal mouse neuronal cells were isolated and transfected with a high-expression CREB vector (pcDNA3.1-CREB), followed by treatment with sevoflurane (0.72 mol/L), ZD7288 (50 μmol/L), and KN-62 (10 μmol/L), or a combination of these compounds. The expression of relevant genes was then analyzed using qRT-PCR and western blot techniques. In comparison to the sham group, neonatal mice in the GA group exhibited significantly prolonged latencies in surface righting reflex, geotaxis test, and air righting reflex. Furthermore, there was a notable deceleration in the development of body weight and tail in the GA group. These mice also displayed impairments in social ability, reduced reciprocal social interaction behaviors, diminished learning capacity, and heightened levels of anxious behaviors. Additionally, synaptic trigger malfunction was observed, along with decreased production of c-Fos and neurotrophic factors. Sevoflurane was found to notably decrease cellular c-Fos and neurotrophic factor production, as well as the expression of HCN2 and CaMKII/CREB-related proteins. The inhibitory effects of sevoflurane on HCN2 or CaMKII channels were similar to those observed with ZD7288 or KN-62 inhibition. However, overexpression of CREB mitigated the impact of sevoflurane on neuronal cells. Repetitive exposure to sevoflurane general anesthesia while pregnant suppresses the CaMKII/CREB pathway, leading to the development of autism-like characteristics in offspring mice through the reduction of HCN2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fusheng Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology and Operation, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330052, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology and Operation, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330052, China
| | - Yuanlu Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Operation, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330052, China
| | - Yuxuan Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Operation, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330052, China
| | - Xiaoe Cheng
- Department of Anesthesiology and Operation, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330052, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China.
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22
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Berg J, Sideridis GD, DePillis R, Harstad E. Types and Predictors of Service use Among Young Children Recommended to Receive Intensive Services After Initial Autism Spectrum Disorder Diagnosis. J Autism Dev Disord 2024:10.1007/s10803-024-06454-8. [PMID: 38990372 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-024-06454-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Intensive services are recommended for young children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Limited research on service receipt in states with mandated ASD-specific service coverage suggests that it remains low, and factors associated with intensity are unclear. Participants were 206 children from the Boston Outcomes of Autism in Toddlers study living in states with autism mandates, diagnosed with ASD through a multidisciplinary consultation at 12-36 months, and recommended to receive at least 20 h of services weekly. Outcome measures were caregiver-reported receipt of total and ASD-specific services within 18 months of ASD diagnosis. Separate negative binomial regression models were run for each outcome, with covariates of child adaptive and cognitive functioning, age, gender, household income, primary insurance, and maternal educational level. The sample was 83% male with a mean age of 24.5 months at ASD diagnosis. Mean Vineland adaptive behavior composite and Bayley cognitive standard scores were 73 and 81, respectively. 90% of children received ASD-specific services. The median intensities for total and ASD-specific services were 22 and 17 h weekly respectively, with 44% of the participants receiving at least 20 h of ASD-specific services weekly. Adjusted regression models found significant associations between lower adaptive scores and increased total and ASD-specific service receipt. Children in insurance-mandated states received a high intensity of intervention after clinical ASD diagnosis. Lower child adaptive functioning was associated with increased service receipt, while socioeconomic factors were not associated. Additional research in other regions and mandate-ineligible populations is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Berg
- Division of Developmental Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| | | | - Rafael DePillis
- Division of Developmental Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Harstad
- Division of Developmental Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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23
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Vasconcelos C, Schweigert Perry I, Gottfried C, Riesgo R, Castro K. Folic acid and autism: updated evidences. Nutr Neurosci 2024:1-35. [PMID: 38968136 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2024.2367855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition that impairs communication, socialization, and behavior. The association of ASD with folic acid has been investigated due to the importance of this vitamin for neurological health. This study is an update of the publication 'Folic acid and autism: What do we know?' and aims to systematically review studies examining the relationship between folic acid and ASD. The search resulted in 2,389 studies on folic acid and ASD, which were selected by two reviewers based on their titles and abstracts. Studies meeting the inclusion criteria were fully read. The 52 included studies involved 10,429 individuals diagnosed with ASD and assessed the intake of vitamin B6, folic acid, and vitamin B12; serum levels of these vitamins, homocysteine, and methionine; therapeutic interventions using folic acid; and the association between maternal exposure to this vitamin and the risk of ASD. The evidence of insufficient folic acid intake in most individuals with ASD remains consistent in this update. No association was found between maternal exposure to folic acid and the risk of ASD in their children. Despite observed improvements in communication, socialization, and behavior in individuals with ASD following folic acid interventions, it is crucial to consider the individuality and complexity of ASD. Given the relevance of the topic, there remains a need for more high-quality research and clinical trials characterized by rigorous methodological designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiane Vasconcelos
- Postgraduate Program in Child and Adolescent Health, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ingrid Schweigert Perry
- Food and Nutrition Research Center (CESAN), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Carmem Gottfried
- Translational Research Group in Autism Spectrum Disorders-GETTEA, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation (INCT-NIM), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Autism Wellbeing And Research Development (AWARD) Initiative, BR-UK- CA, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Rudimar Riesgo
- Postgraduate Program in Child and Adolescent Health, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Translational Research Group in Autism Spectrum Disorders-GETTEA, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Child Neurology Unit, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Kamila Castro
- Postgraduate Program in Child and Adolescent Health, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Food and Nutrition Research Center (CESAN), Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Translational Research Group in Autism Spectrum Disorders-GETTEA, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Child Neurology Unit, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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24
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Zhou D, Hua T, Tang H, Yang R, Huang L, Gong Y, Zhang L, Tang G. Gender and age related brain structural and functional alterations in children with autism spectrum disorder. Cereb Cortex 2024; 34:bhae283. [PMID: 38997211 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhae283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
To explore the effects of age and gender on the brain in children with autism spectrum disorder using magnetic resonance imaging. 185 patients with autism spectrum disorder and 110 typically developing children were enrolled. In terms of gender, boys with autism spectrum disorder had increased gray matter volumes in the insula and superior frontal gyrus and decreased gray matter volumes in the inferior frontal gyrus and thalamus. The brain regions with functional alterations are mainly distributed in the cerebellum, anterior cingulate gyrus, postcentral gyrus, and putamen. Girls with autism spectrum disorder only had increased gray matter volumes in the right cuneus and showed higher amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation in the paracentral lobule, higher regional homogeneity and degree centrality in the calcarine fissure, and greater right frontoparietal network-default mode network connectivity. In terms of age, preschool-aged children with autism spectrum disorder exhibited hypo-connectivity between and within auditory network, somatomotor network, and visual network. School-aged children with autism spectrum disorder showed increased gray matter volumes in the rectus gyrus, superior temporal gyrus, insula, and suboccipital gyrus, as well as increased amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation and regional homogeneity in the calcarine fissure and precentral gyrus and decreased in the cerebellum and anterior cingulate gyrus. The hyper-connectivity between somatomotor network and left frontoparietal network and within visual network was found. It is essential to consider the impact of age and gender on the neurophysiological alterations in autism spectrum disorder children when analyzing changes in brain structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Ting Hua
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Huan Tang
- Department of Radiology, Huadong Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Rong Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Linsheng Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Yujiao Gong
- Department of Pediatrics, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Guangyu Tang
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Fudan University, Shanghai 201103, China
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25
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Zhao T, Huang C, Zhang Y, Zhu Y, Chen X, Wang T, Shao J, Meng X, Huang Y, Wang H, Wang H, Wang B, Xu D. Prenatal 1-Nitropyrene Exposure Causes Autism-Like Behavior Partially by Altering DNA Hydroxymethylation in Developing Brain. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2306294. [PMID: 38757379 PMCID: PMC11267330 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder, characterized by social communication disability and stereotypic behavior. This study aims to investigate the impact of prenatal exposure to 1-nitropyrene (1-NP), a key component of motor vehicle exhaust, on autism-like behaviors in a mouse model. Three-chamber test finds that prenatal 1-NP exposure causes autism-like behaviors during the weaning period. Patch clamp shows that inhibitory synaptic transmission is reduced in medial prefrontal cortex of 1-NP-exposed weaning pups. Immunofluorescence finds that prenatal 1-NP exposure reduces the number of prefrontal glutamate decarboxylase 67 (GAD67) positive interneurons in fetuses and weaning pups. Moreover, prenatal 1-NP exposure retards tangential migration of GAD67-positive interneurons and downregulates interneuron migration-related genes, such as Nrg1, Erbb4, and Sema3F, in fetal forebrain. Mechanistically, prenatal 1-NP exposure reduces hydroxymethylation of interneuron migration-related genes through inhibiting ten-eleven translocation (TET) activity in fetal forebrain. Supplement with alpha-ketoglutarate (α-KG), a cofactor of TET enzyme, reverses 1-NP-induced hypohydroxymethylation at specific sites of interneuron migration-related genes. Moreover, α-KG supplement alleviates 1-NP-induced migration retardation of interneurons in fetal forebrain. Finally, maternal α-KG supplement improves 1-NP-induced autism-like behaviors in weaning offspring. In conclusion, prenatal 1-NP exposure causes autism-like behavior partially by altering DNA hydroxymethylation of interneuron migration-related genes in developing brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhao
- Department of ToxicologySchool of Public HealthAnhui Medical UniversityHefei230022China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education InstitutesAnhui Medical UniversityHefei230032China
| | - Cheng‐Qing Huang
- School of Food and BioengineeringHefei University of TechnologyHefei230009China
| | - Yi‐Hao Zhang
- Department of ToxicologySchool of Public HealthAnhui Medical UniversityHefei230022China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education InstitutesAnhui Medical UniversityHefei230032China
| | - Yan‐Yan Zhu
- Department of ToxicologySchool of Public HealthAnhui Medical UniversityHefei230022China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education InstitutesAnhui Medical UniversityHefei230032China
| | - Xiao‐Xi Chen
- Department of ToxicologySchool of Public HealthAnhui Medical UniversityHefei230022China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education InstitutesAnhui Medical UniversityHefei230032China
| | - Tao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education InstitutesAnhui Medical UniversityHefei230032China
| | - Jing Shao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education InstitutesAnhui Medical UniversityHefei230032China
| | - Xiu‐Hong Meng
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education InstitutesAnhui Medical UniversityHefei230032China
| | - Yichao Huang
- Department of ToxicologySchool of Public HealthAnhui Medical UniversityHefei230022China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education InstitutesAnhui Medical UniversityHefei230032China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of ToxicologySchool of Public HealthAnhui Medical UniversityHefei230022China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education InstitutesAnhui Medical UniversityHefei230032China
| | - Hui‐Li Wang
- School of Food and BioengineeringHefei University of TechnologyHefei230009China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of ToxicologySchool of Public HealthAnhui Medical UniversityHefei230022China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education InstitutesAnhui Medical UniversityHefei230032China
| | - De‐Xiang Xu
- Department of ToxicologySchool of Public HealthAnhui Medical UniversityHefei230022China
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education InstitutesAnhui Medical UniversityHefei230032China
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26
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Zeng X, Fan L, Li M, Qin Q, Pang X, Shi S, Zheng D, Jiang Y, Wang H, Wu L, Liang S. Resveratrol regulates Thoc5 to improve maternal immune activation-induced autism-like behaviors in adult mouse offspring. J Nutr Biochem 2024; 129:109638. [PMID: 38583499 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2024.109638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Maternal infection during pregnancy is an important cause of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in offspring, and inflammatory infiltration caused by maternal immune activation (MIA) can cause neurodevelopmental disorders in the fetus. Medicine food homologous (MFH) refers to a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) concept, which effectively combines food functions and medicinal effects. However, no previous study has screened, predicted, and validated the potential targets of MFH herbs for treating ASD. Therefore, in this study, we used comprehensive bioinformatics methods to screen and analyze MFH herbs and drug targets on a large scale, and identified resveratrol and Thoc5 as the best small molecular ingredient and drug target, respectively, for the treatment of MIA-induced ASD. Additionally, the results of in vitro experiments revealed that resveratrol increased the expression of Thoc5 and effectively inhibited lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory factor production by BV2 cells. Moreover, in vivo, resveratrol increased the expression of Thoc5 and effectively inhibited placental and fetal brain inflammation in MIA pregnancy mice, and improved ASD-like behaviors in offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zeng
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Linlin Fan
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Mengyue Li
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Qian Qin
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Xiuming Pang
- Outpatient Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Shanyi Shi
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Danyang Zheng
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Yutong Jiang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Lijie Wu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China.
| | - Shuang Liang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China.
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Khan S, Vij K, Lopez E. Off-Label Use of Naltrexone in Pica and Other Compulsive Behaviors: A Report of Two Cases. Cureus 2024; 16:e65845. [PMID: 39219950 PMCID: PMC11363882 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.65845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Pica is known to the medical community as an eating disorder in which individuals may ingest non-food items due to a nutritional deficiency and cause unintentional physical harm to themselves. This article discusses the cases of children with pica in addition to other comorbidities such as trichotillomania, depression, autism, and anxiety. Both patients were trialed on typical first-line treatments to address pica symptoms, including antidepressants, psychotherapy, and neurology consults, which were ineffective in treating pica symptoms. The introduction of naltrexone resulted in significant improvements, including decreased pica symptoms and improvements in depression, anxiety, and overall behaviors. These effects of naltrexone were further bolstered by the effects that occurred when both patients discontinued naltrexone for some time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Khan
- Behavioral Health, West Virginia University (WVU) Berkeley Medical Center, Martinsburg, USA
| | - Kunal Vij
- School of Osteopathic Medicine, West Virginia School of Osteopathic Medicine, Lewisburg, USA
| | - Emili Lopez
- Behavioral Medicine and Psychiatry, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Martinsburg, USA
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28
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Lei X, Xie XN, Yang JX, Li YM. The emerging role of extracellular vesicles in the diagnosis and treatment of autism spectrum disorders. Psychiatry Res 2024; 337:115954. [PMID: 38744180 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2024.115954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are neurodevelopmental conditions characterized by restricted, repetitive behavioral patterns and deficits in social interactions. The prevalence of ASD has continued to rise in recent years. However, the etiology and pathophysiology of ASD remain largely unknown. Currently, the diagnosis of ASD relies on behavior measures, and there is a lack of reliable and objective biomarkers. In addition, there are still no effective pharmacologic therapies for the core symptoms of ASD. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid bilayer nanovesicles secreted by almost all types of cells. EVs play a vital role in cell-cell communications and are known to bear various biological functions. Emerging evidence demonstrated that EVs are involved in many physiological and pathological processes throughout the body and the content in EVs can reflect the status of the originating cells. EVs have demonstrated the potential of broad applications for the diagnosis and treatment of various brain diseases, suggesting that EVs may have also played a role in the pathological process of ASD. Besides, EVs can be utilized as therapeutic agents for their endogenous substances and biological functions. Additionally, EVs can serve as drug delivery tools as nano-sized vesicles with inherent targeting ability. Here, we discuss the potential of EVs to be considered as promising diagnostic biomarkers and their potential therapeutic applications for ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Lei
- Clinical Nursing Teaching and Research Section, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China; School of Public Health, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Xue-Ni Xie
- Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Jia-Xin Yang
- Clinical Nursing Teaching and Research Section, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China
| | - Ya-Min Li
- Clinical Nursing Teaching and Research Section, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China.
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29
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Fatani AN, Alasiri NM, Gasem OA. Autism Spectrum Disorder and Suicide: A Case Report. Cureus 2024; 16:e64451. [PMID: 39139320 PMCID: PMC11319727 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.64451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) significantly impact mental health, increasing the risk of severe behaviors, including suicidality. This case report examines a 13-year-old boy with ASD and ADHD who presented to the emergency department with homicidal and suicidal ideations. Despite being prescribed risperidone and carbamazepine, his noncompliance with medication and therapy, combined with significant social stressors like physical abuse by his stepfather and his mother's mental health issues, exacerbated his condition. His aggressive actions toward siblings and self-harm attempts highlight the severe behavioral manifestations of these conditions. The case underscores the necessity for comprehensive and consistent intervention strategies, robust support systems, and regular follow-ups to manage ASD and ADHD effectively and mitigate the risk of severe outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abrar N Fatani
- Department of Psychiatry, Mental Health Hospital, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Nouf M Alasiri
- Department of Pediatrics, King Abdulaziz Hospital, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Osama A Gasem
- Department of Psychiatry, Mental Health Hospital, Jeddah, SAU
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30
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Shen J, Liu L, Yang Y, Zhou M, Xu S, Zhang W, Zhang C. Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 Has the Potential to Be Used as a Diagnostic Tool and Treatment Target for Autism Spectrum Disorders. Cureus 2024; 16:e65393. [PMID: 39188438 PMCID: PMC11346671 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.65393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD), a heterogeneous group of neurodevelopmental disorders, is characterized by social impairment and repetitive and stereotypic behaviors. Because of the lack of approved laboratory diagnostic markers and effective therapeutic medications, it is one of the most challenging diseases. Therefore, it is urgent to explore potential diagnosis markers or therapeutic targets. Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) is a neurotrophic growth factor that enhances brain development. IGF-1 levels in body fluids are lower in preschool children with ASD than in typically developing children, which may serve as a potential diagnostic marker. In various ASD models associated with genetic or environmental exposure, IGF-1 treatment can improve core symptoms or pathological changes, including neuronal development, neural cell survival, balance of synaptic excitation and inhibition, neuroimmunology, and oxidative stress status. In March 2023 an IGF-1 derivative was approved as the first drug for treating Rett syndrome, an ASD-related neurodevelopmental disorder, to improve fundamental symptoms such as social communication. Thus, in this review, we present accumulating evidence of altered IGF-1 levels in ASD patients and the possible mechanisms, as well as evidence that IGF-1 treatment improves the pathophysiology in various ASD models. IGF-1 has the potential to be an early diagnosis marker and an effective therapeutic for ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamin Shen
- Department of Children Health Care, Jingmen Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Jingmen, CHN
| | - Lijuan Liu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, CHN
| | - Yifan Yang
- Department of Children Health Care, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital) Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, CHN
| | - Miao Zhou
- Department of Children Health Care, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital) Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, CHN
| | - Shan Xu
- Department of Children Health Care, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital) Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, CHN
| | - Wanqing Zhang
- Department of Children Health Care, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital) Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, CHN
| | - Chuanjie Zhang
- Department of Children Health Care, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital) Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, CHN
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31
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Liang ZK, Xiong W, Wang C, Chen L, Zou X, Mai JW, Dong B, Guo C, Xin WJ, Luo DX, Xu T, Feng X. Resolving neuroinflammatory and social deficits in ASD model mice: Dexmedetomidine downregulates NF-κB/IL-6 pathway via α2AR. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 119:84-95. [PMID: 38552922 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that severely affects individuals' daily life and social development. Unfortunately, there are currently no effective treatments for ASD. Dexmedetomidine (DEX) is a selective agonist of α2 adrenergic receptor (α2AR) and is widely used as a first-line medication for sedation and hypnosis in clinical practice. In recent years, there have been reports suggesting its potential positive effects on improving emotional and cognitive functions. However, whether dexmedetomidine has therapeutic effects on the core symptoms of ASD, namely social deficits and repetitive behaviors, remains to be investigated. In the present study, we employed various behavioral tests to assess the phenotypes of animals, including the three-chamber, self-grooming, marble burying, open field, and elevated plus maze. Additionally, electrophysiological recordings, western blotting, qPCR were mainly used to investigate and validate the potential mechanisms underlying the role of dexmedetomidine. We found that intraperitoneal injection of dexmedetomidine in ASD model mice-BTBR T+ Itpr3tf/J (BTBR) mice could adaptively improve their social deficits. Further, we observed a significant reduction in c-Fos positive signals and interleukin-6 (IL-6) expression level in the prelimbic cortex (PrL) of the BTBR mice treated with dexmedetomidine. Enhancing or inhibiting the action of IL-6 directly affects the social behavior of BTBR mice. Mechanistically, we have found that NF-κB p65 is a key pathway regulating IL-6 expression in the PrL region. In addition, we have confirmed that the α2AR acts as a receptor switch mediating the beneficial effects of dexmedetomidine in improving social deficits. This study provides the first evidence of the beneficial effects of dexmedetomidine on core symptoms of ASD and offers a theoretical basis and potential therapeutic approach for the clinical treatment of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-Kai Liang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Li Chen
- Neuroscience Program, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Xin Zou
- Neuroscience Program, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Jing-Wen Mai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Huizhou Central People's Hospital, Huizhou 516000, PR China
| | - Bo Dong
- Neuroscience Program, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Chongqi Guo
- Neuroscience Program, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Wen-Jun Xin
- Neuroscience Program, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - De-Xing Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Huizhou Central People's Hospital, Huizhou 516000, PR China.
| | - Ting Xu
- Neuroscience Program, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China.
| | - Xia Feng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China.
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32
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Borrego-Ruiz A, Borrego JJ. Neurodevelopmental Disorders Associated with Gut Microbiome Dysbiosis in Children. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:796. [PMID: 39062245 PMCID: PMC11275248 DOI: 10.3390/children11070796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
The formation of the human gut microbiome initiates in utero, and its maturation is established during the first 2-3 years of life. Numerous factors alter the composition of the gut microbiome and its functions, including mode of delivery, early onset of breastfeeding, exposure to antibiotics and chemicals, and maternal stress, among others. The gut microbiome-brain axis refers to the interconnection of biological networks that allow bidirectional communication between the gut microbiome and the brain, involving the nervous, endocrine, and immune systems. Evidence suggests that the gut microbiome and its metabolic byproducts are actively implicated in the regulation of the early brain development. Any disturbance during this stage may adversely affect brain functions, resulting in a variety of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). In the present study, we reviewed recent evidence regarding the impact of the gut microbiome on early brain development, alongside its correlation with significant NDDs, such as autism spectrum disorder, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, Tourette syndrome, cerebral palsy, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, and genetic NDDs (Rett, Down, Angelman, and Turner syndromes). Understanding changes in the gut microbiome in NDDs may provide new chances for their treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Borrego-Ruiz
- Departamento de Psicología Social y de las Organizaciones, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Juan J. Borrego
- Departamento de Microbiología, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA, Plataforma BIONAND, 29010 Málaga, Spain
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33
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Nguyen NT, Ragamin A, Rietman AB, Nijsten TEC, Schappin R. Shared symptomatology between atopic dermatitis, ADHD and autism spectrum disorder: a protocol for a systematic scoping review. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e081280. [PMID: 38925697 PMCID: PMC11202723 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-081280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Children with atopic dermatitis (AD) are more at risk for the neurodevelopmental disorders attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) with parallel increases in global prevalences. Children afflicted with these conditions appear to share similar problems in sensory modulation but investigational studies on the underlying aetiology are scarce. This scoping review aims to find knowledge gaps, collate hypotheses and to summarise available evidence on the shared pathophysiology of AD, ADHD and ASD in children. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Our study will follow the methodological manual published by the Joanna Briggs Methodology for Scoping Reviews and will be reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews. The following electronic databases will be searched for studies focused on children with AD and symptoms of ADHD and/or ASD: Medline ALL via Ovid, Embase, Web of Science Core Collection and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials via Wiley. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This review does not require ethics approval as it will not be conducted with human participants. We will only use published data. Our dissemination strategy includes peer review publication and conference reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Tan Nguyen
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Aviël Ragamin
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - André B Rietman
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Tamar E C Nijsten
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Renske Schappin
- Department of Dermatology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Zuid-Holland, The Netherlands
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34
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Yang X, Li H, Yang C, Ge J. Supplementation with stigma maydis polysaccharide attenuates autism-like behaviors and improves gut function in valproic acid-induced autism model male rats. Int J Dev Neurosci 2024. [PMID: 38923604 DOI: 10.1002/jdn.10354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Stigma maydis polysaccharide (SMPS) has regulatory effect on the intestinal microflora and promotes gastrointestinal peristalsis. Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often experience gastrointestinal problems and dysbiosis in their gut microbiota. Our previous study revealed that SMPS interventions had an impact on the gut microbiota of valproic acid (VPA)-induced autism model rats. However, the effects of SMPS on the behavior and gut function of autism model rats remain poorly understood. Therefore, we gave different doses of SMPS intervention in the early stage of autism model rats to observe their developmental conditions and behavior performances. Through histological evaluation and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), integrity of the intestinal structure and the expression of tight junction-related gene Zo-1 and Occludin were detected. The results indicated that SMPS intervention improved the physical development, learning and memory impairment, and social performance of autism model rats. Meanwhile, SMPS promoted intestinal peristalsis and restored the integrity of the intestinal structure, reduced the number of inflammatory cells, and increased the expression of the Zo-1 and Occludin genes. Furthermore, the expression levels of neurotransmitters (substance P, enkephalin, vasoactive intestinal peptide, and 5-hydroxytryptamine) in the hippocampal tissues were altered after SMPS treatment. In conclusion, SMPS could ameliorate ASD-like phenotypes and gut problems in autism model rats. Collectively, these results provide new evidence for the relationship between the gut-brain axis and ASD and suggest a novel therapeutic target for ASD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Yang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Hongjie Li
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Department of Preventive Treatment, Qiqihar Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qiqihar, China
| | - Jie Ge
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, China
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35
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Wu X, Zhou Y, Xi Y, Zhou H, Tang Z, Xiong L, Qin D. Polyphenols: Natural Food-Grade Biomolecules for the Treatment of Nervous System Diseases from a Multi-Target Perspective. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:775. [PMID: 38931442 PMCID: PMC11206395 DOI: 10.3390/ph17060775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols are the most prevalent naturally occurring phytochemicals in the human diet and range in complexity from simple molecules to high-molecular-weight polymers. They have a broad range of chemical structures and are generally categorized as "neuroprotective", "anti-inflammatory", and "antioxidant" given their main function of halting disease onset and promoting health. Research has shown that some polyphenols and their metabolites can penetrate the blood-brain barrier and hence increase neuroprotective signaling and neurohormonal effects to provide anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Therefore, multi-targeted modulation of polyphenols may prevent the progression of neuropsychiatric disorders and provide a new practical therapeutic strategy for difficult-to-treat neuropsychiatric disorders. Therefore, multi-target modulation of polyphenols has the potential to prevent the progression of neuropsychiatric disorders and provide a new practical therapeutic strategy for such nervous system diseases. Herein, we review the therapeutic benefits of polyphenols on autism-spectrum disorders, anxiety disorders, depression, and sleep disorders, along with in vitro and ex vivo experimental and clinical trials. Although their methods of action are still under investigation, polyphenols are still seldom employed directly as therapeutic agents for nervous system disorders. Comprehensive mechanistic investigations and large-scale multicenter randomized controlled trials are required to properly evaluate the safety, effectiveness, and side effects of polyphenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinchen Wu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China; (X.W.); (Y.Z.); (Y.X.)
| | - Yang Zhou
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China; (X.W.); (Y.Z.); (Y.X.)
| | - Yujiang Xi
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China; (X.W.); (Y.Z.); (Y.X.)
| | - Haimei Zhou
- School of Basic Medical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China; (H.Z.); (Z.T.)
| | - Zhengxiu Tang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China; (H.Z.); (Z.T.)
| | - Lei Xiong
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China; (X.W.); (Y.Z.); (Y.X.)
| | - Dongdong Qin
- School of Basic Medical Science, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China; (H.Z.); (Z.T.)
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, China
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36
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Qin L, Wang H, Ning W, Cui M, Wang Q. New advances in the diagnosis and treatment of autism spectrum disorders. Eur J Med Res 2024; 29:322. [PMID: 38858682 PMCID: PMC11163702 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-024-01916-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are a group of neurodevelopmental disorders that affect individuals' social interactions, communication skills, and behavioral patterns, with significant individual differences and complex etiology. This article reviews the definition and characteristics of ASD, epidemiological profile, early research and diagnostic history, etiological studies, advances in diagnostic methods, therapeutic approaches and intervention strategies, social and educational integration, and future research directions. The highly heritable nature of ASD, the role of environmental factors, genetic-environmental interactions, and the need for individualized, integrated, and technology-driven treatment strategies are emphasized. Also discussed is the interaction of social policy with ASD research and the outlook for future research and treatment, including the promise of precision medicine and emerging biotechnology applications. The paper points out that despite the remarkable progress that has been made, there are still many challenges to the comprehensive understanding and effective treatment of ASD, and interdisciplinary and cross-cultural research and global collaboration are needed to further deepen the understanding of ASD and improve the quality of life of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Qin
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Haijiao Wang
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Feicheng People's Hospital, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Wenjing Ning
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Mengmeng Cui
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, Shandong, China.
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Taian, China.
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Kreutzmann JC, Kahl E, Fendt M. Sex-specific modulation of safety learning in Shank2-deficient mice. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2024; 132:110973. [PMID: 38369099 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2024.110973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impaired perceptual processing and social communication, intellectual disabilities, and repetitive behaviors. Interestingly, while not a core symptom, anxiety disorders frequently co-occur in individuals with ASD and deficits in safety learning have been described in patients with anxiety-related disorders. Because genetic factors, such as SHANK deficiency (loss-of-function mutations), have been linked to ASD, the aim of the present study was to investigate whether Shank2 deficiency interferes with associative fear and safety signal learning. To first investigate trait anxiety, male and female Shank2-deficient mice were exposed to a light-dark box test. Mice were then submitted to a combination of contextual fear conditioning and single-cue safety conditioning. The results show that Shank2 deficiency increases trait anxiety but reduces contextual fear learning. In male but not female Shank2-deficient mice, reduced single-cued safety learning was observed. This safety learning deficit was not caused by altered anxiety levels, increased locomotor activity, or reduced contextual fear since these changes were also observed in female Shank2-deficient mice. Concluding, our data indicate that the observed safety learning deficits in Shank2-deficient male mice could contribute to the emotional symptoms observed in ASD and the high comorbidity with anxiety-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith C Kreutzmann
- Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany.; Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Evelyn Kahl
- Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Markus Fendt
- Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany.; Center of Behavioral Brain Sciences, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany.
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Fard YA, Sadeghi EN, Pajoohesh Z, Gharehdaghi Z, Khatibi DM, Khosravifar S, Pishkari Y, Nozari S, Hijazi A, Pakmehr S, Shayan SK. Epigenetic underpinnings of the autistic mind: Histone modifications and prefrontal excitation/inhibition imbalance. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2024:e32986. [PMID: 38837296 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is complex neurobehavioral condition influenced by several cellular and molecular mechanisms that are often concerned with synaptogenesis and synaptic activity. Based on the excitation/inhibition (E/I) imbalance theory, ASD could be the result of disruption in excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmission across the brain. The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is the chief regulator of executive function and can be affected by altered neuronal excitation and inhibition in the course of ASD. The molecular mechanisms involved in E/I imbalance are subject to epigenetic regulation. In ASD, altered enrichment and spreading of histone H3 and H4 modifications such as the activation-linked H3K4me2/3, H3K9ac, and H3K27ac, and repression-linked H3K9me2, H3K27me3, and H4K20me2 in the PFC result in dysregulation of molecules mediating synaptic excitation (ARC, EGR1, mGluR2, mGluR3, GluN2A, and GluN2B) and synaptic inhibition (BSN, EphA7, SLC6A1). Histone modifications are a dynamic component of the epigenetic regulatory elements with a pronounced effect on patterns of gene expression with regards to any biological process. The excitation/inhibition imbalance associated with ASD is based on the excitatory and inhibitory synaptic activity in different regions of the brain, including the PFC, the ultimate outcome of which is highly influenced by transcriptional activity of relevant genes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zohreh Pajoohesh
- Faculty of Medicine, Zabol Univeristy of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
| | - Zahra Gharehdaghi
- Department of Pharmacology, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
| | | | | | - Yasamin Pishkari
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shadi Nozari
- School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Ahmed Hijazi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Sepideh Karkon Shayan
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
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Ma J, Liu Y, Zhao K. Microcephaly type 22 and autism spectrum disorder: A case report and review of literature. DIALOGUES IN CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE 2024; 26:24-27. [PMID: 38829782 PMCID: PMC11149562 DOI: 10.1080/19585969.2024.2359918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder with a multifaceted etiology. This case report explores the ischemic cryptogenic vascular dissection as a potential underlying cause of ASD. METHODS A 9-year-old child presented with symptoms of ASD, including social interaction difficulties, repetitive behaviors, and cognitive challenges. Despite conventional ASD treatments, significant improvement was only observed after addressing an underlying ischemic cryptogenic vascular dissection identified through DCE-CT. RESULTS Following a reconstructive treatment approach to the vascular dissection, the patient showed marked improvement in cognitive functions, social abilities, and a reduction in ASD-related symptoms whether during the perioperative period or during approximately 5-month follow-up. CONCLUSION This case suggests that ischemic cryptogenic vascular dissection may contribute to the symptoms of ASD. Identifying and treating underlying vascular anomalies may offer a new avenue for mitigating ASD symptoms, emphasizing the need for comprehensive diagnostic estimations in ASD management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiqiang Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu’e Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kaijun Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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Fan L, Zeng X, Jiang Y, Zheng D, Wang H, Qin Q, Li M, Wang H, Liu H, Liang S, Pang X, Shi S, Wu L, Liang S. Yigansan ameliorates maternal immune activation-induced autism-like behaviours by regulating the IL-17A/TRAF6/MMP9 pathway: Network analysis and experimental validation. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 128:155386. [PMID: 38522317 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal immune activation (MIA) is a significant factor inducing to autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in offspring. The fundamental principle underlying MIA is that inflammation during pregnancy impedes fetal brain development and triggers behavioural alterations in offspring. The intricate pathogenesis of ASD renders drug treatment effects unsatisfactory. Traditional Chinese medicine has strong potential due to its multiple therapeutic targets. Yigansan, composed of seven herbs, is one of the few that has been proven to be effective in treating neuro-psychiatric disorders among numerous traditional Chinese medicine compounds, but its therapeutic effect on ASD remains unknown. HYPOTHESIS Yigansan improves MIA-induced ASD-like behaviours in offspring by regulating the IL-17 signalling pathway. METHODS Pregnant C57BL/6J mice were intraperitoneally injected with poly(I:C) to construct MIA models and offspring ASD models. Network analysis identified that the IL-17A/TRAF6/MMP9 pathway is a crucial pathway, and molecular docking confirmed the binding affinity between the monomer of Yigansan and target proteins. qRT-PCR and Western blot were used to detect the expression levels of inflammatory factors and pathway proteins, immunofluorescence was used to detect the distribution of IL-17A, and behavioural tests were used to evaluate the ASD-like behaviours of offspring. RESULTS We demonstrated that Yigansan can effectively alleviate MIA-induced neuroinflammation of adult offspring by regulating the IL-17A/TRAF6/MMP9 pathway, and the expression of IL-17A was reduced in the prefrontal cortex. Importantly, ASD-like behaviours have been significantly improved. Moreover, we identified that quercetin is the effective monomer for Yigansan to exert therapeutic effects. CONCLUSION Overall, this study was firstly to corroborate the positive therapeutic effect of Yigansan in the treatment of ASD. We elucidated the relevant molecular mechanism and regulatory pathway involved, determined the optimal therapeutic dose and effective monomer, providing new solutions for the challenges of drug therapy for ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Fan
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Xin Zeng
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Yutong Jiang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Danyang Zheng
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Qian Qin
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Mengyue Li
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Shengjun Liang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Xiuming Pang
- Outpatient Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Shanyi Shi
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Prevention and Treatment Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Lijie Wu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China.
| | - Shuang Liang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China.
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Peng X, Xue Y, Dong H, Ma C, Jia F, Du L. A study of the effects of screen exposure on the neuropsychological development in children with autism spectrum disorders based on ScreenQ. BMC Pediatr 2024; 24:340. [PMID: 38755571 PMCID: PMC11097434 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-024-04814-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the relationship between multi-dimensional aspects of screen exposure and autistic symptoms, as well as neuropsychological development in children with ASD. METHODS We compared the ScreenQ and Griffiths Development Scales-Chinese Language Edition (GDS-C) of 636 ASD children (40.79 ± 11.45 months) and 43 typically developing (TD) children (42.44 ± 9.61 months). Then, we analyzed the correlations between ScreenQ and Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS), and GDS-C. We further used linear regression model to analyze the risk factors associated with high CARS total scores and low development quotients (DQs) in children with ASD. RESULTS The CARS of children with ASD was positively correlated with the ScreenQ total scores and "access, frequency, co-viewing" items of ScreenQ. The personal social skills DQ was negatively correlated with the "access, frequency, content, co-viewing and total scores" of ScreenQ. The hearing-speech DQ was negatively correlated with the "frequency, content, co-viewing and total scores" of ScreenQ. The eye-hand coordination DQ was negatively correlated with the "frequency and total scores" of ScreenQ. The performance DQ was negatively correlated with the "frequency" item of ScreenQ. CONCLUSION ScreenQ can be used in the study of screen exposure in children with ASD. The higher the ScreenQ scores, the more severe the autistic symptoms tend to be, and the more delayed the development of children with ASD in the domains of personal-social, hearing-speech and eye-hand coordination. In addition, "frequency" has the greatest impact on the domains of personal social skills, hearing-speech, eye-hand coordination and performance of children with ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Peng
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Children's Medical Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Yang Xue
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Children's Medical Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Hanyu Dong
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Children's Medical Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Chi Ma
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Children's Medical Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
- School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Feiyong Jia
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Children's Medical Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Lin Du
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Children's Medical Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
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Luo T, Zhang M, Li S, Situ M, Liu P, Wang M, Tao Y, Zhao S, Wang Z, Yang Y, Huang Y. Exome functional risk score and brain connectivity can predict social adaptability outcome of children with autism spectrum disorder in 4 years' follow up. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1384134. [PMID: 38818019 PMCID: PMC11137745 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1384134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder emerging in early childhood, with heterogeneous clinical outcomes across individuals. This study aims to recognize neuroimaging genetic factors associated with outcomes of ASD after a 4-year follow-up. Methods A total of 104 ASD children were included in this study; they underwent clinical assessments, MRI data acquisition, and the whole exome sequencing (WES). Exome functional risk score (EFRS) was calculated based on WES; and two modalities of brain connectivity were constructed based on MRI data, that is functional connectivity (FC) for functional MRI (fMRI), and individual differential structural covariance network (IDSCN) for structural MRI (sMRI), to explore the neuroimaging genetic biomarker of outcomes of ASD children. Results Regression analysis found EFRS predicts social adaptability at the 4-year follow-up (Y = -0.013X + 9.29, p = 0.003). We identified 19 pairs of FC associated with autism symptoms severity at follow-up, 10 pairs of FC and 4 pairs of IDSCN associated with social adaptability at follow-up, and 10 pairs of FC associated with ASD EFRS by support vector regression (SVR). Related brain regions with prognostic predictive effects are mainly distributed in superior frontal gyrus, occipital cortex, temporal cortex, parietal cortex, paracentral lobule, pallidum, and amygdala for FC, and temporal cortex, thalamus, and hippocampus for IDSCN. Mediation model showed that ASD EFRS affects the social communication of ASD children through the mediation of FC between left middle occipital gyrus and left pallidum (RMSEA=0.126, CMIN=80.66, DF=42, p< 0.001, CFI=0.867, AIC=152). Discussion Our findings underscore that both EFRS and brain connectivity can predict social adaptability, and that brain connectivity serving as mediator in the relationship of EFRS and behaviors of ASD, suggesting the intervention targets in the future clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yi Huang
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Yu Y, Yang X, Hu G, Yin Y, Yu R. Causal effects of 731 immune cell phenotypes on autism spectrum disorder: a Mendelian randomization study. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1397006. [PMID: 38827447 PMCID: PMC11140572 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1397006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective The role of different immune cells in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is still controversial. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the causal effects of different immune cell phenotypes on ASD via Mendelian randomization (MR). Methods Datasets of immune cell phenotypes were obtained from the European Bioinformatics Institute, and datasets of ASD were obtained from the IEU Open GWAS project. Single nucleotide polymorphisms were selected based on the assumptions of association, independence, and exclusivity. Inverse variance weighted was utilized as the main method for MR analysis. MR-Egger was employed to assess the horizontal pleiotropy of the results. Cochran's Q and leave-one-out method were used for heterogeneity analysis and sensitivity analysis of the results, respectively. Results MR analysis showed that TD CD8br AC [odds ratio (OR), 1.137; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.031-1.254; p = 0.010], CD8br %leukocyte (OR, 1.142; 95% CI, 1.067-1.223; p < 0.001), CD8br and CD8dim %leukocyte (OR, 1.117; 95% CI, 1.032-1.210; p = 0.006), naive CD8br %T cell (OR, 1.052; 95% CI, 1.004-1.104; p = 0.035), CD28- CD8dim %T cell (OR, 1.097; 95% CI, 1.038-1.158; p < 0.001), CD127- CD8br AC (OR, 1.086; 95% CI, 1.006-1.171; p = 0.034), CD45 on CD8br (OR, 1.059; 95% CI, 1.021-1.099; p = 0.002), CD3 on HLA DR+ CD8br (OR, 1.098; 95% CI, 1.041-1.158; p < 0.001), CD4 on activated Treg (OR, 1.048; 95% CI, 1.001-1.096; p = 0.046), CD3 on CD39+ resting Treg (OR, 1.070; 95% CI, 1.012-1.131; p = 0.018), IgD+ CD38- %lymphocyte (OR, 1.103; 95% CI, 1.023-1.190; p = 0.011), CD62L- plasmacytoid DC %DC (OR, 1.046; 95% CI, 1.001-1.093; p = 0.046), and FSC-A on plasmacytoid DC (OR, 1.075; 95% CI, 1.003-1.153; p = 0.042) were associated with increased genetic susceptibility to ASD. MR-Egger displayed no horizontal pleiotropy (p ≥ 0.05). Cochran's Q revealed no heterogeneity of results (p ≥ 0.05). Sensitivity analysis indicated that the results were robust. Conclusion This MR analysis revealed 13 immune cell phenotypes associated with increased genetic susceptibility to ASD and emphasized the importance of CD8 T cells and Tregs, which provides new directions for the pathogenesis and drug research of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfeng Yu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xinyu Yang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Gang Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yuman Yin
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Rong Yu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Xie X, Zhou R, Fang Z, Zhang Y, Wang Q, Liu X. Seeing beyond words: Visualizing autism spectrum disorder biomarker insights. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30420. [PMID: 38694128 PMCID: PMC11061761 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective This study employs bibliometric and visual analysis to elucidate global research trends in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) biomarkers, identify critical research focal points, and discuss the potential integration of diverse biomarker modalities for precise ASD assessment. Methods A comprehensive bibliometric analysis was conducted using data from the Web of Science Core Collection database until December 31, 2022. Visualization tools, including R, VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and gCLUTO, were utilized to examine collaborative networks, co-citation patterns, and keyword associations among countries, institutions, authors, journals, documents, and keywords. Results ASD biomarker research emerged in 2004, accumulating a corpus of 4348 documents by December 31, 2022. The United States, with 1574 publications and an H-index of 213, emerged as the most prolific and influential country. The University of California, Davis, contributed significantly with 346 publications and an H-index of 69, making it the leading institution. Concerning journals, the Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, Autism Research, and PLOS ONE were the top three publishers of ASD biomarker-related articles among a total of 1140 academic journals. Co-citation and keyword analyses revealed research hotspots in genetics, imaging, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, gut microbiota, and eye tracking. Emerging topics included "DNA methylation," "eye tracking," "metabolomics," and "resting-state fMRI." Conclusion The field of ASD biomarker research is dynamically evolving. Future endeavors should prioritize individual stratification, methodological standardization, the harmonious integration of biomarker modalities, and longitudinal studies to advance the precision of ASD diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Xie
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Pediatrics Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, China
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, School of Pediatrics, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China
| | - Rongyi Zhou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Pediatrics Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, China
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, School of Pediatrics, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China
| | - Zihan Fang
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, School of Pediatrics, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China
| | - Yongting Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Pediatrics Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, China
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, School of Pediatrics, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China
| | - Qirong Wang
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, School of Pediatrics, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China
| | - Xiaomian Liu
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450046, China
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Qin Q, Shan Z, Xing L, Jiang Y, Li M, Fan L, Zeng X, Ma X, Zheng D, Wang H, Wang H, Liu H, Liang S, Wu L, Liang S. Synergistic effect of mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicle and miR-137 alleviates autism-like behaviors by modulating the NF-κB pathway. J Transl Med 2024; 22:446. [PMID: 38741170 PMCID: PMC11089771 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05257-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a multifaceted neurodevelopmental disorder predominant in childhood. Despite existing treatments, the benefits are still limited. This study explored the effectiveness of mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) loaded with miR-137 in enhancing autism-like behaviors and mitigating neuroinflammation. Utilizing BTBR mice as an autism model, the study demonstrated that intranasal administration of MSC-miR137-EVs ameliorates autism-like behaviors and inhibits pro-inflammatory factors via the TLR4/NF-κB pathway. In vitro evaluation of LPS-activated BV2 cells revealed that MSC-miR137-EVs target the TLR4/NF-κB pathway through miR-137 inhibits proinflammatory M1 microglia. Moreover, bioinformatics analysis identified that MSC-EVs are rich in miR-146a-5p, which targets the TRAF6/NF-κB signaling pathway. In summary, the findings suggest that the integration of MSC-EVs with miR-137 may be a promising therapeutic strategy for ASD, which is worthy of clinical adoption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Qin
- Department of Children's and Adolescent Health, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Zhiyan Shan
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Lei Xing
- Department of Children's and Adolescent Health, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Yutong Jiang
- Department of Children's and Adolescent Health, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Mengyue Li
- Department of Children's and Adolescent Health, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Linlin Fan
- Department of Children's and Adolescent Health, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Xin Zeng
- Department of Children's and Adolescent Health, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Xinrui Ma
- Department of Children's and Adolescent Health, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Danyang Zheng
- Department of Children's and Adolescent Health, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Children's and Adolescent Health, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Children's and Adolescent Health, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Children's and Adolescent Health, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Shengjun Liang
- Department of Children's and Adolescent Health, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Lijie Wu
- Department of Children's and Adolescent Health, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China.
| | - Shuang Liang
- Department of Children's and Adolescent Health, Public Health College, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China.
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Li Y, Xiao P, Cao R, Le J, Xu Q, Xiao F, Ye L, Wang X, Wang Y, Zhang T. Effects and microbiota changes following oral lyophilized fecal microbiota transplantation in children with autism spectrum disorder. Front Pediatr 2024; 12:1369823. [PMID: 38783921 PMCID: PMC11112010 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2024.1369823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a group of heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorders that is characterized by core features in social communication impairment and restricted, repetitive sensory-motor behaviors. This study aimed to further investigate the utilization of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in children with ASD, both with and without gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, evaluate the effect of FMT and analyze the alterations in bacterial and fungal composition within the gut microbiota. Methods A total of 38 children diagnosed with ASD participated in the study and underwent oral lyophilized FMT treatment. The dosage of the FMT treatment was determined based on a ratio of 1 g of donor stool per 1 kg of recipient body weight, with a frequency of once every 4 weeks for a total of 12 weeks. In addition, 30 healthy controls (HC) were included in the analysis. The clinical efficacy of FMT was evaluated, while the composition of fecal bacteria and fungi was determined using 16S rRNA and ITS gene sequencing methods. Results Median age of the 38 children with ASD was 7 years. Among these children, 84.2% (32 of 38) were boys and 81.6% (31 of 38) exhibited GI symptoms, with indigestion, constipation and diarrhea being the most common symptoms. Sample collections and assessments were conducted at baseline (week 0), post-treatment (week 12) and follow-up (week 20). At the end of the follow-up phase after FMT treatment, the autism behavior checklist (ABC) scores decreased by 23% from baseline, and there was a 10% reduction in scores on the childhood autism rating scale (CARS), a 6% reduction in scores on the social responsiveness scale (SRS) and a 10% reduction in scores on the sleep disturbance scale for children (SDSC). In addition, short-term adverse events observed included vomiting and fever in 2 participants, which were self-limiting and resolved within 24 h, and no long-term adverse events were observed. Although there was no significant difference in alpha and beta diversity in children with ASD before and after FMT therapy, the FMT treatment resulted in alterations in the relative abundances of various bacterial and fungal genera in the samples of ASD patients. Comparisons between children with ASD and healthy controls (HC) revealed statistically significant differences in microbial abundance before and after FMT. Blautia, Sellimonas, Saccharomycopsis and Cystobasidium were more abundant in children with ASD than in HC, while Dorea were less abundant. After FMT treatment, levels of Blautia, Sellimonas, Saccharomycopsis and Cystobasidium decreased, while levels of Dorea increased. Moreover, the increased abundances of Fusicatenibacter, Erysipelotrichaceae_UCG-003, Saccharomyces, Rhodotorula, Cutaneotrichosporon and Zygosaccharomyces were negatively correlated with the scores of ASD core symptoms. Conclusions Oral lyophilized FMT could improve GI and ASD related symptoms, as well as sleep disturbances, and alter the gut bacterial and fungal microbiota composition in children with ASD. Clinical Trial Registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR2200055943. Registered 28 January 2022, www.chictr.org.cn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youran Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pei Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Le
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiao Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangfei Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xufei Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yizhong Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Pediatric Infection, Immunity and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Shanghai Children’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Pediatric Infection, Immunity and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Zhang Y, Ahsan MU, Wang K. Noncoding de novo mutations in SCN2A are associated with autism spectrum disorders. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.05.05.24306908. [PMID: 38766206 PMCID: PMC11100849 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.05.24306908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Coding de novo mutations (DNMs) contribute to the risk for autism spectrum disorders (ASD), but the contribution of noncoding DNMs remains relatively unexplored. Here we use whole genome sequencing (WGS) data of 12,411 individuals (including 3,508 probands and 2,218 unaffected siblings) from 3,357 families collected in Simons Foundation Powering Autism Research for Knowledge (SPARK) to detect DNMs associated with ASD, while examining Simons Simplex Collection (SSC) with 6383 individuals from 2274 families to replicate the results. For coding DNMs, SCN2A reached exome-wide significance (p=2.06×10-11) in SPARK. The 618 known dominant ASD genes as a group are strongly enriched for coding DNMs in cases than sibling controls (fold change=1.51, p =1.13×10-5 for SPARK; fold change=1.86, p =2.06×10-9 for SSC). For noncoding DNMs, we used two methods to assess statistical significance: a point-based test that analyzes sites with a Combined Annotation Dependent Depletion (CADD) score ≥15, and a segment-based test that analyzes 1kb genomic segments with segment-specific background mutation rates (inferred from expected rare mutations in Gnocchi genome constraint scores). The point-based test identified SCN2A as marginally significant (p=6.12×10-4) in SPARK, yet segment-based test identified CSMD1, RBFOX1 and CHD13 as exome-wide significant. We did not identify significant enrichment of noncoding DNMs (in all 1kb segments or those with Gnocchi>4) in the 618 known ASD genes as a group in cases than sibling controls. When combining evidence from both coding and noncoding DNMs, we found that SCN2A with 11 coding and 5 noncoding DNMs exhibited the strongest significance (p=4.15×10-13). In summary, we identified both coding and noncoding DNMs in SCN2A associated with ASD, while nominating additional candidates for further examination in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mian Umair Ahsan
- Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kai Wang
- Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Romussi S, Giunti S, Andersen N, De Rosa MJ. C. elegans: a prominent platform for modeling and drug screening in neurological disorders. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2024; 19:565-585. [PMID: 38509691 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2024.2329103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Human neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases (NDevDs and NDegDs, respectively) encompass a broad spectrum of disorders affecting the nervous system with an increasing incidence. In this context, the nematode C. elegans, has emerged as a benchmark model for biological research, especially in the field of neuroscience. AREAS COVERED The authors highlight the numerous advantages of this tiny worm as a model for exploring nervous system pathologies and as a platform for drug discovery. There is a particular focus given to describing the existing models of C. elegans for the study of NDevDs and NDegDs. Specifically, the authors underscore their strong applicability in preclinical drug development. Furthermore, they place particular emphasis on detailing the common techniques employed to explore the nervous system in both healthy and diseased states. EXPERT OPINION Drug discovery constitutes a long and expensive process. The incorporation of invertebrate models, such as C. elegans, stands as an exemplary strategy for mitigating costs and expediting timelines. The utilization of C. elegans as a platform to replicate nervous system pathologies and conduct high-throughput automated assays in the initial phases of drug discovery is pivotal for rendering therapeutic options more attainable and cost-effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Romussi
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología de Invertebrados, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca (INIBIBB), UNS-CONICET, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Sebastián Giunti
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología de Invertebrados, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca (INIBIBB), UNS-CONICET, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
- Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Natalia Andersen
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología de Invertebrados, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca (INIBIBB), UNS-CONICET, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
- Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - María José De Rosa
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología de Invertebrados, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca (INIBIBB), UNS-CONICET, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
- Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Bahía Blanca, Argentina
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Ouyang Y, Feng J, Wang T, Xue Y, Mohamed ZA, Jia F. Comparison of the efficacy of parent-mediated NDBIs on developmental skills in children with ASD and fidelity in parents: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. BMC Pediatr 2024; 24:270. [PMID: 38664754 PMCID: PMC11044316 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-024-04752-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, studies on behavioral interventions for autism have gained popularity. Naturalistic Developmental Behavior Interventions (NDBIs) are among the most effective, evidence-based, and widely used behavior interventions for autism. However, no research has been conducted on which of the several NDBI methods is most effective for parents and children with autism spectrum disorders. Therefore, we conducted a network meta-analysis to compare the specific effects of each type of parental-mediated NDBI on children's developmental skills and parent fidelity. METHODS PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Medline, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), CINAHL, and Wanfang databases were searched from inception to August 30, 2023. A total of 32 randomized controlled trial studies that examined the efficacy of different NDBIs were included. RESULTS Parents of children with ASD who received Pivotal Response Treatment (PRT) reported significant improvements in their children's social skills (SUCRA, 74.1%), language skills (SUCRA, 88.3%), and parenting fidelity (SUCRA, 99.5%). Moreover, parents who received Early Start Denver Model (ESDM) reported significant improvements in their children's language (SMD = 0.41, 95% CI: 0.04, 0.79) and motor skills (SMD = 0.44, 95% CI: 0.09, 0.79). In terms of the efficacy of improving parent fidelity, the results showed that the Improving Parents as Communication Teachers (ImPACT) intervention significantly improved parent fidelity when compared with the treatment-as-usual group (TAU) (SMD = 0.90, 95% CI: 0.39, 1.42) and the parental education intervention (PEI) (SMD = 1.10, 95% CI:0.28, 1.91).There was a difference in parent fidelity among parents who received PRT(SMD = 3.53, 95% CI: 2.26, 4.79) or ESDM(SMD = 1.42, 95% CI: 0.76, 2.09) training compared with PEI. CONCLUSION In conclusion, this study revealed that parents can achieve high fidelity with the ImPACT intervention, and it can serve as an early first step for children newly diagnosed with ASD. It also showed that parent-mediated ESDM is effective in improving language and motor skills for children with ASD and can be used as part of the second stage of parent training. Parent-mediated PRT can also be used as a third stage of parent training with sufficient training intensity to further improve language, social, and motor skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Ouyang
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
- School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Junyan Feng
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Tiantian Wang
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Yang Xue
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Zakaria Ahmed Mohamed
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Feiyong Jia
- Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
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Cui J, Wang S, Zhai Z, Song X, Qiu T, Yu L, Zhai Q, Zhang H. Induction of autism-related behavior in male mice by early-life vitamin D deficiency: association with disruption of the gut microbial composition and homeostasis. Food Funct 2024; 15:4338-4353. [PMID: 38533674 DOI: 10.1039/d4fo00279b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) during early life emerges as a potential risk factor for autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Individuals with autism commonly exhibit lower vitamin D (VD) levels compared to the general population, and VD deficiency is prevalent during pregnancy and lactation. Moreover, gastrointestinal comorbidity, prevalent in ASD patients, correlates closely with disruptions in the gut microbiota and altered intestinal permeability. Therefore, it is fascinating and significant to explore the effects of maternal VD deficiency during pregnancy and lactation on the maturation of the gut microbiota of the offspring and its relevance to autism spectrum disorders. In this study, we established maternal pregnancy and lactation VD-deficient mouse models, employed shotgun macrogenomic sequencing to unveil alterations in the gut microbiome of offspring mice, and observed autism-related behaviours. Furthermore, fecal microbial transplantation (FMT) reversed repetitive and anxious behaviours and alleviated social deficits in offspring mice by modulating the gut microbiota and increasing short-chain fatty acid levels in the cecum, along with influencing the concentrations of claudin-1 and occludin in the colon. Our findings confirm that VDD during pregnancy and lactation is a risk factor for autism in the offspring, with disturbances in the structure and function of the offspring's gut microbiota contributing at least part of the effect. The study emphasises the importance of nutrition and gut health early in life. Simultaneously, this study further demonstrates the effect of VDD on ASD and provides potential ideas for early prevention and intervention of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Cui
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214002, Jiangsu, China.
- Department of Child Health Care, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Affiliated Women's Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214002, Jiangsu, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
| | - Shumin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
| | - Zidan Zhai
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214002, Jiangsu, China.
- Department of Child Health Care, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Affiliated Women's Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214002, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xiaoyue Song
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University/Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China.
| | - Ting Qiu
- Department of Child Health Care, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Affiliated Women's Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214002, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Leilei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
| | - Qixiao Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
| | - Heng Zhang
- Department of Child Health Care, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Affiliated Women's Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214002, Jiangsu, China.
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University/Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China.
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