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Engert LC, Ledderose C, Biniamin C, Birriel P, Buraks O, Chatterton B, Dang R, Daniel S, Eske A, Reed T, Tang A, Bertisch SM, Mullington JM, Junger WG, Haack M. Effects of low-dose acetylsalicylic acid on the inflammatory response to experimental sleep restriction in healthy humans. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 121:142-154. [PMID: 39043348 PMCID: PMC11389483 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep deficiencies, such as manifested in short sleep duration or insomnia symptoms, are known to increase the risk for multiple disease conditions involving immunopathology. Inflammation is hypothesized to be a mechanism through which deficient sleep acts as a risk factor for these conditions. Thus, one potential way to mitigate negative health consequences associated with deficient sleep is to target inflammation. Few interventional sleep studies investigated whether improving sleep affects inflammatory processes, but results suggest that complementary approaches may be necessary to target inflammation associated with sleep deficiencies. We investigated whether targeting inflammation through low-dose acetylsalicylic acid (ASA, i.e., aspirin) is able to blunt the inflammatory response to experimental sleep restriction. METHODS 46 healthy participants (19F/27M, age range 19-63 years) were studied in a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled crossover trial with three protocols each consisting of a 14-day at-home monitoring phase followed by an 11-day (10-night) in-laboratory stay (sleep restriction/ASA, sleep restriction/placebo, control sleep/placebo). In the sleep restriction/ASA condition, participants took low-dose ASA (81 mg/day) daily in the evening (22:00) during the at-home phase and the subsequent in-laboratory stay. In the sleep restriction/placebo and control sleep/placebo conditions, participants took placebo daily. Each in-laboratory stay started with 2 nights with a sleep opportunity of 8 h/night (23:00-07:00) for adaptation and baseline measurements. Under the two sleep restriction conditions, participants were exposed to 5 nights of sleep restricted to a sleep opportunity of 4 h/night (03:00-07:00) followed by 3 nights of recovery sleep with a sleep opportunity of 8 h/night. Under the control sleep condition, participants had a sleep opportunity of 8 h/night throughout the in-laboratory stay. During each in-laboratory stay, participants had 3 days of intensive monitoring (at baseline, 5th day of sleep restriction/control sleep, and 2nd day of recovery sleep). Variables, including pro-inflammatory immune cell function, C-reactive protein (CRP), and actigraphy-estimated measures of sleep, were analyzed using generalized linear mixed models. RESULTS Low-dose ASA administration reduced the interleukin (IL)-6 expression in LPS-stimulated monocytes (p<0.05 for condition*day) and reduced serum CRP levels (p<0.01 for condition) after 5 nights of sleep restriction compared to placebo administration in the sleep restriction condition. Low-dose ASA also reduced the amount of cyclooxygenase (COX)-1/COX-2 double positive cells among LPS-stimulated monocytes after 2 nights of recovery sleep following 5 nights of sleep restriction compared to placebo (p<0.05 for condition). Low-dose ASA further decreased wake after sleep onset (WASO) and increased sleep efficiency (SE) during the first 2 nights of recovery sleep (p<0.001 for condition and condition*day). Baseline comparisons revealed no differences between conditions for all of the investigated variables (p>0.05 for condition). CONCLUSION This study shows that inflammatory responses to sleep restriction can be reduced by preemptive administration of low-dose ASA. This finding may open new therapeutic approaches to prevent or control inflammation and its consequences in those experiencing sleep deficiencies. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03377543.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa C Engert
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Carola Ledderose
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Careen Biniamin
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paola Birriel
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Olivia Buraks
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bryan Chatterton
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rammy Dang
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Surya Daniel
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Annika Eske
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Taylor Reed
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ava Tang
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Suzanne M Bertisch
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Janet M Mullington
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wolfgang G Junger
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Monika Haack
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Nayak T, Lohrmann G, Passman R. Controversies in Diagnosis and Management of Atrial Fibrillation. Cardiol Rev 2024:00045415-990000000-00308. [PMID: 39072621 DOI: 10.1097/crd.0000000000000761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Early detection of atrial fibrillation (AF) plays an important role in decreasing adverse cardiovascular outcomes. It is estimated, however, that one-third of those with AF are asymptomatic and may experience the adverse effects of the arrhythmia prior to being detected clinically. In the past, AF was diagnosed on 12-lead electrocardiogram or medically prescribed external monitors. The development of device-monitoring technologies capable of recording AF or AF-surrogates such as atrial high-rate episodes on cardiovascular implantable electronic devices or photoplethysmography/electrocardiogram on consumer-grade wearable devices, has resulted in increased recognition of device-detected, subclinical, AF. Recent studies reveal information about the stroke risk associated with these subclinical events and the response to anticoagulation and raise important questions about the use of both medical and direct-to-consumer AF detection devices for screening purposes. In addition to screening and detection of AF, emerging studies are also being conducted on different strategies for maintenance of sinus rhythm and stroke prevention including catheter ablation and left atrial appendage occlusion. This review aims to highlight recent developments and future studies in these areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanvi Nayak
- From the Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Graham Lohrmann
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Rod Passman
- Cardiology Division, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
- Bluhm Cardiovascular Institute, Northwestern Memorial Hospital, Chicago, IL
- Northwestern University Center for Arrhythmia Research, Chicago, IL
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Della Bona R, Giubilato S, Palmieri M, Benenati S, Rossini R, Di Fusco SA, Novarese F, Mascia G, Gasparetto N, Di Monaco A, Gatto L, Zilio F, Sorini Dini C, Borrello F, Geraci G, Riccio C, De Luca L, Colivicchi F, Grimaldi M, Giulizia MM, Porto I, Oliva FG. Aspirin in Primary Prevention: Looking for Those Who Enjoy It. J Clin Med 2024; 13:4148. [PMID: 39064188 PMCID: PMC11278396 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13144148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Based on a wealth of evidence, aspirin is one of the cornerstones of secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease. However, despite several studies showing efficacy also in primary prevention, an unopposed excess risk of bleeding leading to a very thin safety margin is evident in subjects without a clear acute cardiovascular event. Overall, the variability in recommendations from different scientific societies for aspirin use in primary prevention is a classic example of failure of simple risk stratification models based on competing risks (atherothrombosis vs. bleeding), perceived to be opposed but intertwined at the pathophysiological level. Notably, cardiovascular risk is dynamic in nature and cannot be accurately captured by scores, which do not always consider risk enhancers. Furthermore, the widespread use of other potent medications in primary prevention, such as lipid-lowering and anti-hypertensive drugs, might be reducing the benefit of aspirin in recent trials. Some authors, drawing from specific pathophysiological data, have suggested that specific subgroups might benefit more from aspirin. This includes patients with diabetes and those with obesity; sex-based differences are considered as well. Moreover, molecular analysis of platelet reactivity has been proposed. A beneficial effect of aspirin has also been demonstrated for the prevention of cancer, especially colorectal. This review explores evidence and controversies concerning the use of aspirin in primary prevention, considering new perspectives in order to provide a comprehensive individualized approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Della Bona
- Cardiovascular Disease Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (G.M.); (I.P.)
| | - Simona Giubilato
- Cardiology Department, Cannizzaro Hospital, 95126 Catania, Italy
| | - Marco Palmieri
- Department of Internal Medicine (Di.M.I.), University of Genova, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (S.B.); (F.N.)
| | - Stefano Benenati
- Department of Internal Medicine (Di.M.I.), University of Genova, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (S.B.); (F.N.)
| | - Roberta Rossini
- Division of Cardiology, Emergency Department and Critical Areas, Azienda Ospedaliera Santa Croce e Carle, 12100 Cuneo, Italy;
| | - Stefania Angela Di Fusco
- Cardiology Department, San Filippo Neri Hospital, ASL Roma 1, 00135 Rome, Italy; (S.A.D.F.); (F.C.)
| | - Filippo Novarese
- Department of Internal Medicine (Di.M.I.), University of Genova, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (S.B.); (F.N.)
| | - Giuseppe Mascia
- Cardiovascular Disease Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (G.M.); (I.P.)
| | - Nicola Gasparetto
- Division of Cardiology, AULSS2 Marca Trevigiana, Ca’ Foncello Hospital, 31100 Treviso, Italy;
| | - Antonio Di Monaco
- Department of Cardiology, General Regional Hospital “F. Miulli”, Acquaviva delle Fonti, 70021 Bari, Italy; (A.D.M.); (M.G.)
| | - Laura Gatto
- Cardiology Department, San Giovanni Addolorata Hospital, 00184 Rome, Italy;
| | - Filippo Zilio
- Department of Cardiology, Santa Chiara Hospital, APSS, 2, Largo Medaglie d’Oro, 38123 Trento, Italy;
| | - Carlotta Sorini Dini
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy;
| | - Francesco Borrello
- Division of Cardiology and Intensive Care Unit, Pugliese-Ciaccio Hospital, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy;
| | - Giovanna Geraci
- Cardiology Unit, S. Antonio Abate Hospital, ASP Trapani, 91016 Erice, Italy;
| | - Carmine Riccio
- Cardiovascular Department, Sant’Anna e San Sebastiano Hospital, 81100 Caserta, Italy;
| | - Leonardo De Luca
- Division of Cardiology—Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Furio Colivicchi
- Cardiology Department, San Filippo Neri Hospital, ASL Roma 1, 00135 Rome, Italy; (S.A.D.F.); (F.C.)
| | - Massimo Grimaldi
- Department of Cardiology, General Regional Hospital “F. Miulli”, Acquaviva delle Fonti, 70021 Bari, Italy; (A.D.M.); (M.G.)
| | | | - Italo Porto
- Cardiovascular Disease Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (G.M.); (I.P.)
- Department of Internal Medicine (Di.M.I.), University of Genova, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (S.B.); (F.N.)
| | - Fabrizio Giovanni Oliva
- “A. De Gasperis” Cardiovascular Department, Division of Cardiology, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Piazza dell’Ospedale Maggiore 3, 20162 Milan, Italy;
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Greywoode R, Larson J, Peraza J, Clark R, Allison MA, Chaudhry NA, Schnatz PF, Shadyab AH, Wallace RB, Wassertheil-Smoller S. Risk of Adverse Cardiovascular Outcomes in Postmenopausal Women with Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Dig Dis Sci 2024; 69:2586-2594. [PMID: 38684633 PMCID: PMC11258184 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-024-08348-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) who lack traditional cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, such as young females, are observed to experience adverse CVD outcomes. Whether women with IBD have increased CVD risk after the menopause transition is unclear. METHODS We conducted a survival analysis of Women's Health Initiative (WHI) participants and excluded those with missing IBD diagnosis, model covariate data, follow-up data, or a baseline history of the following CVD outcomes: coronary heart disease (CHD), ischemic stroke, venous thromboembolism (VTE), peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Risk of outcomes between IBD and non-IBD women was performed using Cox proportional hazard models, stratified by WHI trial and follow-up. Models were adjusted for age, socio-demographics, comorbidities (e.g., hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, etc.), family history, and lifestyle factors (e.g., smoking, alcohol, physical activity, body mass index, etc.). RESULTS Of 134,022 WHI participants meeting inclusion criteria, 1367 (1.0%) reported IBD at baseline. Mean baseline age was 63.4 years. After adjusting for age and other confounders, no significant difference was observed between IBD and non-IBD women for the risk of CHD (HR 0.96, 95% CI 0.73-1.24), VTE (HR 1.11, 95% CI 0.81-1.52) or PAD (HR 0.64, 95% CI 0.28-1.42). After adjusting for age, risk of ischemic stroke was significantly higher (HR 1.41, 95% CI 1.06-1.88) in IBD than non-IBD women. With further adjustment, the excess risk of ischemic stroke among IBD women was attenuated and no longer statistically significant (HR 1.31, 95% CI 0.98-1.76). CONCLUSIONS Among postmenopausal women with IBD, risk of ischemic stroke may be higher than in non-IBD women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruby Greywoode
- Division of Gastroenterology, Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 111 East 210th St, Bronx, NY, 10467, USA.
| | - Joseph Larson
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jellyana Peraza
- Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Rachel Clark
- Department of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Matthew A Allison
- Department of Family Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | | | - Peter F Schnatz
- Department of Obstetrics Gynecology & Internal Medicine, Reading Hospital / Tower Health & Drexel University, West Reading, PA, USA
| | - Aladdin H Shadyab
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Robert B Wallace
- Professor Emeritus of Epidemiology and Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Sylvia Wassertheil-Smoller
- Distinguished University Professor Emerita, Department of Epidemiology & Population Health Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
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Posan E, Richie R. Unlocking Hidden Risks: Harnessing Artificial Intelligence (AI) to Detect Subclinical Conditions from an Electrocardiogram (ECG). J Insur Med 2024; 51:64-76. [PMID: 39266002 DOI: 10.17849/insm-51-2-64-76.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/14/2024]
Abstract
Recent artificial intelligence (AI) advancements in cardiovascular medicine offer potential enhancements in diagnosis, prediction, treatment, and outcomes. This article aims to provide a basic understanding of AI enabled ECG technology. Specific conditions and findings will be discussed, followed by reviewing associated terminology and methodology. In the appendix, definitions of AUC versus accuracy are explained. The application of deep learning models enables detecting diseases from normal electrocardiograms at accuracy not previously achieved by technology or human experts. Results with AI enabled ECG are encouraging as they considerably exceeded current screening models for specific conditions (i.e., atrial fibrillation, left ventricular dysfunction, aortic stenosis, and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy). This could potentially lead to a revitalization of the utilization of the ECG in the insurance domain. While we are embracing the findings with this rapidly evolving technology, but cautious optimism is still necessary at this point.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emoke Posan
- Chief Medical Officer, Life North America, PartnerRe Reinsurance
| | - Rod Richie
- Editor-in-Chief, Journal of Insurance Medicine
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6
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Lin A, Jiang A, Luo P. Personalizing Aspirin Therapy in Gastrointestinal Cancer: The Critical Role of Age Stratification. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024:S1542-3565(24)00552-4. [PMID: 38901656 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2024.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Lin
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Aimin Jiang
- Department of Urology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Luo
- Department of Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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7
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Santilli F, Albrecht G, Blaha M, Lanas A, Li L, Sibbing D. Needs-based considerations for the role of low-dose aspirin along the CV risk continuum. Am J Prev Cardiol 2024; 18:100675. [PMID: 38694728 PMCID: PMC11061695 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpc.2024.100675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the leading cause of death worldwide. The risk of a cardiovascular (CV) event is not static and increases along a continuum, making identification and management complex. Aspirin has been the cornerstone of antiplatelet therapy in CV risk reduction and remains the only antiplatelet agent with current guideline recommendations throughout the CV risk continuum. In light of recent trials, the role of aspirin in CVD prevention in asymptomatic patients has been downgraded in clinical guidelines. However, a substantial proportion of asymptomatic patients have underlying conditions, such as advanced subclinical atherosclerosis that are associated with high CV risk. Advanced subclinical atherosclerosis has not been extensively investigated in patients in clinical trials but in the absence of significant bleeding risks, patients with subclinical atherosclerosis may particularly benefit from preventive aspirin therapy. Recent studies and clinical guidelines support the need for a personalized treatment approach for these patients, balancing their risk of future CV events against their relative bleeding risk. In this commentary, we first discussed various tools and strategies currently available for assessing CV and bleeding risks; we then provided two hypothetical cases to outline how these tools can be implemented for optimal management of patients with no prior CV events who, nonetheless, are susceptible to CVD. The first case details a young and apparently healthy patient with underlying advanced subclinical atherosclerosis; whereas the second case describes a patient with recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus who is at higher risk of CVD than their non-diabetic counterparts. For both cases, we considered patient clinical characteristics, CV and bleeding risks, as well as other risk factors to evaluate the appropriate treatment strategy and determine whether patients would obtain a net clinical benefit from low-dose aspirin therapy. These cases can serve as examples to guide clinical decision-making on the use of low-dose aspirin for primary CVD prevention and improve CVD management via a personalized approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Santilli
- Department of Medicine and Aging and Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - Gerhard Albrecht
- Medical & Clinical Affairs Consumer Health, Bayer U.S. L.L.C., Whippany, NJ, United States
| | - Michael Blaha
- Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Angel Lanas
- University of Zaragoza, IIS Aragón, CIBERehd, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Li Li
- Medical Affairs & Pharmacovigilance, Pharmaceuticals, Bayer AG, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dirk Sibbing
- Ludwig-Maximilians University (LMU), Munich, Germany
- and Privatklinik Lauterbacher Mühle am Ostersee, Seeshaupt, Germany
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Shubietah ARM, Marin MP, Rajab IM, Oweidat MH, Zayed A, Hmeedan A. A Thorough Literature Review of the Potential Benefits and Drawbacks of Long-Term Aspirin Use for the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease. Cardiol Rev 2024:00045415-990000000-00271. [PMID: 38785443 DOI: 10.1097/crd.0000000000000722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
This article examines the role of aspirin in the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. It highlights findings from major studies such as ASPREE (ASPirin in Reducing Events in the Elderly), ARRIVE (Aspirin to Reduce Risk of Initial Vascular Events), and ASPREE-XT (ASPirin in Reducing Events in the Elderly - eXTension) , among others. The review focuses on aspirin's role in primary prevention for specific populations including older adults, diabetics, hypertension patients, rheumatoid arthritis patients, kidney transplant recipients, and those with specific lipoprotein(a) genotypes, among other groups. We review these studies, noting aspirin's role in reducing events such as myocardial infarctions and its potential for increasing bleeding risks. The review also considers the implications for patients with kidney disease, referencing the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) study and the International Polycap Study-3 (TIPS-3) trial. Additionally, it addresses the shifting paradigms in guidelines from the US Preventive Services Task Force and other entities, underscoring the importance of individualized aspirin use by balancing benefits against bleeding risks. The article further explores the concept of platelet reactivity, discusses strategies for improving adherence to aspirin therapy, and identifies existing research gaps, such as the phenomenon of aspirin resistance. It concludes by suggesting potential areas for future investigation to enhance understanding and application of aspirin in cardiovascular disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdalhakim R M Shubietah
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, An-Najah National University Hospital, Nablus, Palestine
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Monica Pernia Marin
- Neuro-Oncology Department, Columbia University, Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Islam M Rajab
- Columbia University, Irving Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Majd H Oweidat
- Department of Medicine, Hebron University, College of Medicine, Hebron, Palestine
| | - Alaa Zayed
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
| | - Alaa Hmeedan
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, An-Najah National University Hospital, Nablus, Palestine
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
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9
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Schaefer JK, Errickson J, Kong X, Ali MA, DeCamillo D, Edupuganti S, Haymart B, Kaatz S, Kline-Rogers E, Kozlowski JH, Krol GD, Sood SL, Froehlich JB, Barnes GD. Outcomes of direct oral anticoagulants with aspirin vs warfarin with aspirin: a registry-based cohort study. Res Pract Thromb Haemost 2024; 8:102449. [PMID: 38983902 PMCID: PMC11231707 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpth.2024.102449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Background For patients anticoagulated with direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) or warfarin and on aspirin (ASA) for nonvalvular atrial fibrillation and/or venous thromboembolism, it is unclear if bleeding outcomes differ. Objectives To assess bleeding rates for ASA with DOACs vs warfarin and one another. Methods Registry-based cohort study of patients followed by a 6-center quality improvement collaborative in Michigan using data from 2009 to 2022. The study included adults on ASA with warfarin or DOACs for atrial fibrillation and/or venous thromboembolism without a recent myocardial infarction or heart valve replacement. Results After propensity matching by anticoagulant class, we compared 2 groups of 1467 patients followed for a median of 18.0 months. Any bleeding and nonmajor bleeding was increased with DOACs + ASA compared with warfarin + ASA (32.2 vs 27.8 and 27.1 vs 22.9 events/100 patient-years; relative risks [RRs], 1.1 and 1.2; 95% CIs, 1.1-1.2 and 1.1-1.3, respectively). After matching by drug, patients on apixaban + ASA vs warfarin + ASA had more bleeding (31.2 vs 27.8 events/100 patient-years; RR, 1.1; 95% CI, 1.0-1.2) and nonmajor bleeding but less major bleeding (3.8 vs 4.7 events/100 patient-years; RR, 0.8; 95% CI, 0.6-1.0) and emergency room visits for bleeding. Patients on rivaroxaban + ASA vs warfarin + ASA had more bleeding (39.3 vs 26.3 events/100 patient-years, RR, 1.5; 95% CI, 1.3-1.6), nonmajor bleeding, and thrombosis. Patients on apixaban + ASA vs rivaroxaban + ASA had significantly less bleeding (22.5 vs 39.3/100 patient-years; RR, 0.6; 95% CI, 0.5-0.7), nonmajor bleeding, major bleeding (2.1 vs 5.5 events/100 patient-years; RR, 0.4; 95% CI, 0.2-0.6), emergency room visits for bleeding, and thrombotic events. Conclusion Patients on DOAC + ASA without a recent myocardial infarction or heart valve replacement had more nonmajor bleeding but otherwise similar outcomes compared with warfarin + ASA. Patients treated with rivaroxaban + ASA experienced more adverse clinical events compared with warfarin + ASA or apixaban + ASA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan K Schaefer
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Josh Errickson
- Consulting for Statistics, Computing, and Analytics Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Xiaowen Kong
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Mona A Ali
- Department of Heart and Vascular Services, Corewell Health William Beaumont University Hospital, Royal Oak, Michigan, USA
| | - Deborah DeCamillo
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Subhash Edupuganti
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Brian Haymart
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Scott Kaatz
- Division of Hospital Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Eva Kline-Rogers
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jay H Kozlowski
- Huron Valley Sinai Hospital, Commerce Township, Michigan, USA
| | - Gregory D Krol
- Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Suman L Sood
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - James B Froehlich
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Geoffrey D Barnes
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Hanley S, Moodley D, Naidoo M, Brummel SS. The Impact of Regular Screening and Lifestyle Modification on Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in South African Women Living With HIV. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2024; 96:23-33. [PMID: 38427932 PMCID: PMC11008438 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0000000000003387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Integration of cardiovascular disease SCreening and prevention in the HIV MAnagement plan for women of reproductive age study set out to determine the effectiveness of screening and lifestyle modification in modifying cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in women living with HIV (WLHIV). METHODS In this prospective, quasiexperimental, intervention study, WLHIV aged 18-<50 years were enrolled from 2 clinics (intervention [I-arm]) and (control arms [C-arm]) in Umlazi, South Africa, between November 2018 and May 2019. Women in the I-arm received lifestyle modification advice on diet, physical activity, alcohol use, and smoking cessation and underwent annual screening for CVD risk. The CVD risk factors were assessed through standardized questionnaires and clinical and laboratory procedures at baseline and at end of 3 years of follow-up. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and other CVD indices were compared between arms at end-of-study (EOS). RESULTS Total of 269 WLHIV (149 I-arm and 120 C-arm) with a mean ± SD age of 36 ± 1 years were included in the EOS analyses after 32 ± 2 months of follow-up. The metabolic syndrome prevalence at EOS was 16.8% (25/149) in the I-arm and 24% (24/120) in the C-arm (risk ratio 0.9; 95% CI: 0.5 to 1.1; P 0.86). Proportion of women with fasting blood glucose >5.6 mmol/L in the I-arm and C-arm were 2.7% (4/149) and 13.3% (16/120) respectively (risk ratio 0.2; 95% CI: 0.069 to 0.646; P < 0.01). High-density lipoprotein improved with the intervention arm from baseline to EOS (95% CI: -0.157 to -0.034; P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Although there was no significant difference in the prevalence of metabolic syndrome between study arms, we observed decreased blood glucose levels in the I-arm compared with the C-arm and improved high-density lipoprotein within the I-arm, following lifestyle modification and regular screening for CVD risk factors in WLHIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherika Hanley
- Department of Family Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Umlazi CRS, Centre for AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, Durban, South Africa
| | - Dhayendre Moodley
- Umlazi CRS, Centre for AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa, Durban, South Africa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; and
| | - Mergan Naidoo
- Department of Family Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Sean S. Brummel
- Center for Biostatistics in AIDS Research, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
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11
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Alali AA, Almadi MA, Barkun AN. Review article: Advances in the management of lower gastrointestinal bleeding. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2024; 59:632-644. [PMID: 38158721 DOI: 10.1111/apt.17859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lower gastrointestinal bleeding (LGIB) is a common emergency with substantial associated morbidity and mortality. Elective colonoscopy plays an essential role in management, with an even more important role for radiology in the acute setting. Recent advances in the management of patients with LGIB warrant review as the management has recently evolved. AIMS To provide a comprehensive and updated overview of advances in the approach to patients with LGIB METHODS: We performed a comprehensive literature search to examine the current data for this narrative review supplemented by expert opinion. RESULTS The incidence of LGIB is increasing worldwide, partly related to an ageing population and the increasing use of antithrombotics. Diverticulosis continues to be the most common aetiology of LGIB. Pre-endoscopic risk stratification tools, especially the Oakland score, can aid appropriate patient triage. Adequate resuscitation continues to form the basis of management, while appropriate management of antithrombotics is crucial to balance the risk of worsening bleeding against increased cardiovascular risk. Radiological imaging plays an essential role in the diagnosis and treatment of acute LGIB, especially among unstable patients. Colonoscopy remains the gold-standard test for the elective management of stable patients. CONCLUSIONS The management of LGIB has evolved significantly in recent years, with a shift towards radiological interventions for unstable patients while reserving elective colonoscopy for stable patients. A multidisciplinary approach is essential to optimise the outcomes of patients with LGIB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali A Alali
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Jabriya, Kuwait
| | - Majid A Almadi
- Division of Gastroenterology, King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Division of Gastroenterology, The McGill University Health Center, Montreal General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Alan N Barkun
- Division of Gastroenterology, The McGill University Health Center, Montreal General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, The McGill University Health Center, Montreal General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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12
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Ho JE, Sanders P. Subclinical Atrial Fibrillation in HFpEF: Malicious Accomplice or Innocent Bystander? JACC. HEART FAILURE 2024; 12:505-507. [PMID: 38340134 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchf.2023.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E Ho
- CardioVascular Institute, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
| | - Prashanthan Sanders
- Centre for Heart Rhythm Disorders, University of Adelaide and Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
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13
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An H, Chen J, Li S, Chen A. Pantoprazole and Vonoprazan Performed Well in Preventing Peptic Ulcer Recurrence in Low-Dose Aspirin Users. Dig Dis Sci 2024; 69:670-682. [PMID: 38252210 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-023-08233-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low-dose aspirin (LDA) administration is associated with an elevated risk of recurring peptic ulcer (PU) and gastrointestinal (GI) hemorrhage. AIMS This systematic review and Bayesian network meta-analysis aimed to comprehensively assess the effectiveness of diverse medications in preventing the recurrence of PU and GI hemorrhage in patients with a history of PU receiving long-term LDA therapy. METHODS This systematic review and network meta-analysis followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement and was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42023406550). We searched relevant studies in main databases from inception to March 2023. All statistical analyses were performed using R (version 4.1.3), with the "Gemtc" (version 1.0-1) package. The pooled risk ratio (RR), corresponding 95% credible interval (95% CrI), and the surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) were calculated. RESULTS 11 Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) were included. The analysis underscored pantoprazole was the most efficacious for reducing the risk of PU recurrence (RR [95% CrI] = 0.02 [0, 0.28]; SUCRA: 90.76%), followed by vonoprazan (RR [95% CrI] = 0.03 [0, 0.19]; SUCRA: 86.47%), comparing with the placebo group. Pantoprazole also performed well in preventing GI hemorrhage (RR [95% CrI] = 0.01[0, 0.42]; SUCRA: 87.12%) compared with Teprenone. CONCLUSIONS For patients with a history of PU receiving LDA, pantoprazole and vonoprazan might be the optimal choices to prevent PU recurrence and GI hemorrhage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu An
- School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT, 999077, Hong Kong.
- Prince of Wales Hospital, 30 Yincheng Street, Shatin, Hong Kong.
| | - Jing Chen
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Shicong Li
- School of Life Science, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Anni Chen
- NYU School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY, 10003, USA
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14
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Varma N, Han JK, Passman R, Rosman LA, Ghanbari H, Noseworthy P, Avari Silva JN, Deshmukh A, Sanders P, Hindricks G, Lip G, Sridhar AR. Promises and Perils of Consumer Mobile Technologies in Cardiovascular Care: JACC Scientific Statement. J Am Coll Cardiol 2024; 83:611-631. [PMID: 38296406 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2023.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Direct-to-consumer (D2C) wearables are becoming increasingly popular in cardiovascular health management because of their affordability and capability to capture diverse health data. Wearables may enable continuous health care provider-patient partnerships and reduce the volume of episodic clinic-based care (thereby reducing health care costs). However, challenges arise from the unregulated use of these devices, including questionable data reliability, potential misinterpretation of information, unintended psychological impacts, and an influx of clinically nonactionable data that may overburden the health care system. Further, these technologies could exacerbate, rather than mitigate, health disparities. Experience with wearables in atrial fibrillation underscores these challenges. The prevalent use of D2C wearables necessitates a collaborative approach among stakeholders to ensure effective integration into cardiovascular care. Wearables are heralding innovative disease screening, diagnosis, and management paradigms, expanding therapeutic avenues, and anchoring personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niraj Varma
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
| | - Janet K Han
- Department of Cardiology, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California, USA; Department of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Rod Passman
- Department of Cardiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Lindsey Anne Rosman
- Division of Cardiology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Hamid Ghanbari
- Department of Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Peter Noseworthy
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Abhishek Deshmukh
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Prashanthan Sanders
- Department of Cardiology, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | | | - Gregory Lip
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science at University of Liverpool, Liverpool John Moores University, and Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Medicine, Danish Center for Clinical Health Services Research, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Arun R Sridhar
- Department of Cardiology, Pulse Heart Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA; Department of Clinical Medicine, Danish Center for Clinical Health Services Research, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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15
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Zhang S, Liu L, Shi S, He H, Shen Q, Wang H, Qin S, Chang J, Zhong R. Bidirectional Association Between Cardiovascular Disease and Lung Cancer in a Prospective Cohort Study. J Thorac Oncol 2024; 19:80-93. [PMID: 37703998 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2023.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The study aimed to prospectively investigate the bidirectional association between cardiovascular disease (CVD) and lung cancer, and whether this association differs across genetic risk levels. METHODS This study prospectively followed 455,804 participants from the United Kingdom Biobank cohort who were free of lung cancer at baseline. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) for incident lung cancer according to CVD status. In parallel, similar approaches were used to assess the risk of incident CVD according to lung cancer status among 478,756 participants free of CVD at baseline. The bidirectional causal relations between these conditions were assessed using Mendelian randomization analysis. Besides, polygenic risk scores were estimated by integrating genome-wide association studies identified risk variants. RESULTS During 4,007,477 person-years of follow-up, 2006 incident lung cancer cases were documented. Compared with participants without CVD, those with CVD had HRs (95% confidence interval [CI]) of 1.49 (1.30-1.71) for NSCLC, 1.80 (1.39-2.34) for lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC), and 1.25 (1.01-1.56) for lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). After stratification by smoking status, significant associations of CVD with lung cancer risk were observed in former smokers (HR = 1.44, 95% CI: 1.20-1.74) and current smokers (HR = 1.38, 95% CI: 1.13-1.69), but not in never-smokers (HR = 0.98, 95% CI: 0.60-1.61). In addition, CVD was associated with lung cancer risk across each genetic risk level (pheterogeneity = 0.336). In the second analysis, 32,974 incident CVD cases were recorded. Compared with those without lung cancer, the HRs (95% CI) for CVD were 2.33 (1.29-4.21) in NSCLC, 3.66 (1.65-8.14) in LUAD, and 1.98 (0.64-6.14) in LUSC. In particular, participants with lung cancer had a high risk of incident CVD at a high genetic risk level (HR = 3.79, 95% CI: 1.57-9.13). No causal relations between these conditions were observed in Mendelian randomization analysis. CONCLUSIONS CVD is associated with an increased risk of NSCLC including LUSC and LUAD. NSCLC, particularly LUAD, is associated with a higher CVD risk. Awareness of this bidirectional association may improve prevention and treatment strategies for both diseases. Future clinical demands will require a greater focus on cardiac oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Liu
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Shi
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Heng He
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Shen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Haoxue Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shifan Qin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang Chang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Zhong
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Batten L, Sathyapalan T, Palmer TM. Molecular Mechanisms Linking Diabetes with Increased Risk of Thrombosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17465. [PMID: 38139295 PMCID: PMC10744197 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This review will provide an overview of what is currently known about mechanisms linking poor glycaemic control with increased thrombotic risk. The leading causes of death in people with diabetes are strokes and cardiovascular disease. Significant morbidity is associated with an increased risk of thrombosis, resulting in myocardial infarction, ischaemic stroke, and peripheral vascular disease, along with the sequelae of these events, including loss of functional ability, heart failure, and amputations. While the increased platelet activity, pro-coagulability, and endothelial dysfunction directly impact this risk, the molecular mechanisms linking poor glycaemic control with increased thrombotic risk remain unclear. This review highlights the complex mechanisms underlying thrombosis prevalence in individuals with diabetes and hyperglycaemia. Post-translational modifications, such as O-GlcNAcylation, play a crucial role in controlling protein function in diabetes. However, the role of O-GlcNAcylation remains poorly understood due to its intricate regulation and the potential involvement of multiple variables. Further research is needed to determine the precise impact of O-GlcNAcylation on specific disease processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy Batten
- Biomedical Institute for Multimorbidity, Centre for Biomedicine, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK;
- Clinical Sciences Centre, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Thozhukat Sathyapalan
- Clinical Sciences Centre, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Timothy M. Palmer
- Biomedical Institute for Multimorbidity, Centre for Biomedicine, Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK;
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17
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Maqsood MH, Levine GN, Kleiman ND, Hasdai D, Uretsky BF, Birnbaum Y. Do We Still Need Aspirin in Coronary Artery Disease? J Clin Med 2023; 12:7534. [PMID: 38137601 PMCID: PMC10743767 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12247534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Aspirin has for some time been used as a first-line treatment for acute coronary syndromes, including ST-elevation myocardial infarction, for secondary prevention of established coronary disease, and for primary prevention in patients at risk of coronary artery disease. Although aspirin has been in use for decades, the available evidence for its efficacy largely predates the introduction of other drugs, such as statins and P2Y12 inhibitors. Based on recent trials, the recommendation for aspirin use as primary prevention has been downgraded. In addition, P2Y12 inhibitors given as a single antiplatelet therapy have been associated with a lower incidence of bleeding than dual antiplatelet therapy in combination with aspirin in patients with stable and unstable coronary artery disease. The aim of this review is to discuss the role of aspirin considering the available evidence for primary prevention, secondary prevention for stable coronary artery disease or acute coronary syndromes, and after percutaneous coronary intervention or coronary artery bypass revascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Haisum Maqsood
- Department of Cardiology, DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Glenn N. Levine
- The Section of Cardiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - Neal D. Kleiman
- Department of Cardiology, Section of Interventional Cardiology, Houston Methodist DeBakey Heart Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
| | - David Hasdai
- Department of Cardiology, Rabin Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Petah Tikva 49200, Israel;
| | - Barry F. Uretsky
- Central Arkansas Veterans Health System, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA;
| | - Yochai Birnbaum
- The Section of Cardiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
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18
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Hoare S, Thomas GPA, Powell A, Armstrong N, Mant J, Burt J. Why do people choose not to take part in screening? Qualitative interview study of atrial fibrillation screening nonparticipation. Health Expect 2023; 26:2216-2227. [PMID: 37452480 PMCID: PMC10632648 DOI: 10.1111/hex.13819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION While screening uptake is variable, many individuals feel they 'ought' to participate in screening programmes to aid the detection of conditions amenable to early treatment. Those not taking part in screening are often presented as either hindered by practical or social barriers or personally at fault. Why some people choose not to participate receives less consideration. METHODS We explored screening nonparticipation by examining the accounts of participants who chose not to participate in screening offered by a national research trial of atrial fibrillation (AF) screening in England (SAFER: Screening for Atrial Fibrillation with ECG to Reduce stroke). AF is a heart arrhythmia that increases in prevalence with age and increases the risk of stroke. Systematic screening for AF is not a nationally adopted programme within the United Kingdom; it provides a unique opportunity to explore screening nonparticipation outside of the norms and values attached to existing population-based screening programmes. We interviewed people aged over 65 (n = 50) who declined an invitation from SAFER and analysed their accounts thematically. RESULTS Beyond practical reasons for nonparticipation, interviewees challenged the utility of identifying and managing AF earlier. Many questioned the benefits of screening at their age. The trial's presentation of the screening as research made it feel voluntary-something they could legitimately decline. CONCLUSION Nonparticipants were not resistant to engaging in health-promoting behaviours, uninformed about screening or unsupportive of its potential benefits. Instead, their consideration of the perceived necessity, legitimacy and utility of this screening shaped their decision not to take part. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION The SAFER programme is guided by four patient and carer representatives. The representatives are embedded within the team (e.g., one is a co-applicant, another sits on the programme steering committee) and by participating in regular meetings advise on all aspects of the design, management and delivery of the programme, including engaging with interpreting and disseminating the findings. For the qualitative workstream, we established a supplementary patient and public involvement group with whom we regularly consult about research design questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Hoare
- The Healthcare Improvement Studies Institute (THIS Institute), Department of Public Health and Primary CareUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Gwilym P. A. Thomas
- The Guildhall and Barrow SurgeryBury St EdmundsUK
- Primary Care Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary CareStrangeways Research Laboratory, University of Cambridge School of Clinical MedicineUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Alison Powell
- The Healthcare Improvement Studies Institute (THIS Institute), Department of Public Health and Primary CareUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Natalie Armstrong
- SAPPHIRE Research Group, Department of Population Health SciencesUniversity of LeicesterLeicesterUK
| | - Jonathan Mant
- Primary Care Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary CareStrangeways Research Laboratory, University of Cambridge School of Clinical MedicineUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Jenni Burt
- The Healthcare Improvement Studies Institute (THIS Institute), Department of Public Health and Primary CareUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
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Gruwez H, Verbrugge FH, Proesmans T, Evens S, Vanacker P, Rutgers MP, Vanhooren G, Bertrand P, Pison L, Haemers P, Vandervoort P, Nuyens D. Smartphone-based atrial fibrillation screening in the general population: feasibility and impact on medical treatment. EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL. DIGITAL HEALTH 2023; 4:464-472. [PMID: 38045439 PMCID: PMC10689910 DOI: 10.1093/ehjdh/ztad054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Aims The aim of this study is to determine the feasibility, detection rate, and therapeutic implications of large-scale smartphone-based screening for atrial fibrillation (AF). Methods and results Subjects from the general population in Belgium were recruited through a media campaign to perform AF screening during 8 consecutive days with a smartphone application. The application analyses photoplethysmography traces with artificial intelligence and offline validation of suspected signals to detect AF. The impact of AF screening on medical therapy was measured through questionnaires. Atrial fibrillation was detected in the screened population (n = 60.629) in 791 subjects (1.3%). From this group, 55% responded to the questionnaire. Clinical AF [AF confirmed on a surface electrocardiogram (ECG)] was newly diagnosed in 60 individuals and triggered the initiation of anti-thrombotic therapy in 45%, adjustment of rate or rhythm controlling strategies in 62%, and risk factor management in 17%. In subjects diagnosed with known AF before screening, a positive screening result led to these therapy adjustments in 9%, 39%, and 11%, respectively. In all subjects with clinical AF and an indication for oral anti-coagulation (OAC), OAC uptake increased from 56% to 74% with AF screening. Subjects with clinical AF were older with more co-morbidities compared with subclinical AF (no surface ECG confirmation of AF) (P < 0.001). In subjects with subclinical AF (n = 202), therapy adjustments were performed in only 7%. Conclusion Smartphone-based AF screening is feasible at large scale. Screening increased OAC uptake and impacted therapy of both new and previously diagnosed clinical AF but failed to impact risk factor management in subjects with subclinical AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henri Gruwez
- Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Catholic University Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital East-Limburg, Genk, Belgium
| | - Frederik H Verbrugge
- Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
- Centre for Cardiovascular Diseases, University Hospital Brussels, Jette, Belgium
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | - Peter Vanacker
- Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital and Antwerp University, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Neurology, Groeninge Hospital, Kortrijk, Belgium
| | | | - Geert Vanhooren
- Department of Neurology, Sint-Jan Hospital Brugge-Oostende, Bruges, Belgium
| | - Philippe Bertrand
- Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital East-Limburg, Genk, Belgium
| | - Laurent Pison
- Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital East-Limburg, Genk, Belgium
| | - Peter Haemers
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Catholic University Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pieter Vandervoort
- Biomedical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital East-Limburg, Genk, Belgium
| | - Dieter Nuyens
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital East-Limburg, Genk, Belgium
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20
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Kim RB, Li A, Park KS, Kang YS, Kim JR, Navarese EP, Gorog DA, Tantry US, Gurbel PA, Hwang JY, Kwon OY, Jeong YH. Low-Dose Aspirin for Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Events Comparing East Asians With Westerners: A Meta-Analysis. JACC. ASIA 2023; 3:846-862. [PMID: 38155798 PMCID: PMC10751647 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacasi.2023.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Background East Asians have shown different risk profiles for both thrombophilia and bleeding than Western counterparts. Objectives The authors sought to evaluate the effect of low-dose aspirin for primary prevention between these populations. Methods We searched randomized clinical trials (RCTs) for intervention with low-dose aspirin (≤100 mg once daily) in participants without symptomatic cardiovascular disease until December 31, 2021. The number of events between the arms was extracted for analysis. Pooled risk ratios (RRs) and risk differences (RDs) were analyzed in each population. Outcomes included a major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE), cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, stroke, and major bleeding (intracranial hemorrhage and major gastrointestinal bleeding). Results Two RCTs included 17,003 East Asians, and 9 RCTs had 117,467 Western participants. Aspirin treatment showed a similar effect in reducing the MACE rate (RR of East Asians: 0.87; 95% CI: 0.71-1.05; RR of Westerners: 0.90; 95% CI: 0.85-0.95) (Pinteraction = 0.721). In contrast, the risk of major bleeding during aspirin vs control was greater in the East Asian population (RR: 2.48; 95% CI: 1.86-3.30) compared with the Western population (RR: 1.45; 95% CI: 1.26-1.66) (Pinteraction = 0.001), which was driven by more frequent gastrointestinal bleeding (RR of East Asians: 3.29; 95% CI: 2.26-4.80 vs RR of Westerners: 1.56; 95% CI: 1.29-1.88) (Pinteraction < 0.001). The net RDs (RD of MACE plus RD of major bleeding) were 8.04 and 0.72 per 1,000 persons in East Asian and Western participants, indicating 124 and 1,389 of the net number needed to harm, respectively. Conclusions Low-dose aspirin for primary prevention in East Asians must be cautiously prescribed because of the increased risk of major bleeding relative to Western counterparts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rock Bum Kim
- Regional Cardiocerebrovascular Disease Center, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Ang Li
- Section of Hematology-Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ki-Soo Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Yune-Sik Kang
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Jang-Rak Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Eliano P. Navarese
- Interventional Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Department of Cardiology and Internal Medicine, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Diana A. Gorog
- Postgraduate Medical School, University of Hertfordshire, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Udaya S. Tantry
- Sinai Center for Thrombosis Research and Drug Development, Sinai Hospital of Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Paul A. Gurbel
- Sinai Center for Thrombosis Research and Drug Development, Sinai Hospital of Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jin Yong Hwang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Oh-Young Kwon
- Department of Neurology, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Young-Hoon Jeong
- CAU Thrombosis and Biomarker Center, Heart and Brain Hospital, Chung-Ang University, Gwangmyeong Hospital, Gwangmyeong, South Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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21
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Laferrière C, Moazzami C, Belley-Côté E, Bainey KR, Marquis-Gravel G, Fama A, Lordkipanidzé M, Potter BJ. Aspirin for the Primary Prevention of Vascular Ischemic Events: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-analysis to Support Shared Decision-Making. CJC Open 2023; 5:881-890. [PMID: 38204851 PMCID: PMC10774080 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjco.2023.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Since the publication of the 2010 Canadian antiplatelet guidelines, several large randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have evaluated the role of aspirin (ASA) use in primary prevention. We evaluated the effect of ASA use, compared with no ASA, on ischemic and bleeding events in patients without known atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. Methods We updated a published systematic review and meta-analysis by searching MEDLINE, Embase, and CENTRAL for the period up to March 2023. We included RCTs that enrolled patients for primary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases, and compared use of ASA to no ASA. We assessed risk of bias (RoB) using the Cochrane RoB tool, and certainty of evidence using the grading recommendations, assessment, development, and evaluation (GRADE) criteria. The primary efficacy outcome was major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) (death, myocardial infarction, or stroke). The primary safety outcomes were intracranial hemorrhage and extracranial major bleeding events. We used a random-effects model to generate pooled risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results We included 14 RCTs (n = 167,587) at overall low RoB, with a median follow-up of 5 years. Compared to no ASA, ASA use reduced the incidence of MACE (RR 0.90, 95% CI 0.86-0.94), with a higher risk of intracranial hemorrhage (RR 1.33, 95% CI 1.13-1.56) and extracranial major bleeding (RR 1.67, 95% CI 1.36-2.06). In prespecified subgroups of age, sex, and diabetes, effect estimates were consistent. Conclusions ASA use in primary prevention is associated with a consistent reduction in MACE, but at the expense of major bleeding events. Patient values and preferences should be taken into account when considering ASA use for primary prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloë Laferrière
- Université de Montréal, Faculté de médecine, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Chloé Moazzami
- Université de Montréal, Faculté de médecine, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Emilie Belley-Côté
- Population Health Research Institute (PHRI), Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kevin R. Bainey
- Faculty of Medicine. University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
- Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Guillaume Marquis-Gravel
- Université de Montréal, Faculté de médecine, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Centre de recherche de l’Institut de cardiologie de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Alexa Fama
- Population Health Research Institute (PHRI), Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marie Lordkipanidzé
- Université de Montréal, Faculté de médecine, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Faculté de pharmacie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Brian J. Potter
- Université de Montréal, Faculté de médecine, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Quebec, Canada
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22
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Poorthuis MHF, Sherliker P, de Borst GJ, Clack R, Lewington S, Clarke R, Bulbulia R, Halliday A. Detection rates of asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis and atrial fibrillation by selective screening of patients without cardiovascular disease. Int J Cardiol 2023; 391:131262. [PMID: 37574023 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2023.131262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with significant asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis (ACAS) and atrial fibrillation (AF) could benefit from specific interventions to prevent heart attack and stroke, but are often clinically 'silent'. We aimed to determine detection rate of ACAS and AF by screening, targeting a population at increased cardiovascular risk. METHODS Data on adults who attended voluntary and self-funded commercial screening clinics in the United States or the United Kingdom between 2008 and 2013 were used. The Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease (ASCVD) risk equation was applied to each participants and detection rates of targeted screening for ≥50% ACAS and AF to those at highest risk of CVD was assessed. RESULTS Among 0.4 million individuals between 40 and 80 years, without CVD, 6191 (1.6%) had ACAS and 1026 (0.3%) had AF. Selective screening of participants with a predicted 10-year CVD risk of ≥20% identified 40% of ACAS cases, a prevalence of 3.7%, leading to a number needed to screen (NNS) of 27, as well as 39% of AF cases, a prevalence of 0.6%, with a NNS of 170. Selective screening of those with a predicted 10-year CVD risk of ≥15% identified 54% of ACAS cases, a prevalence of 3.3%, and an NNS of 31, as well as 51% of AF cases, a prevalence of 0.5%, with an NNS of 195. CONCLUSIONS Selective screening for ACAS and AF implemented in ASCVD risk assessment greatly reduces the NNS when compared with population-level screening with detection rates of ACAS and AF substantially greater in people at higher predicted CVD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiel H F Poorthuis
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; MRC Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Paul Sherliker
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Gert J de Borst
- Department of Vascular Surgery, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Rachel Clack
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Sarah Lewington
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; MRC Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Robert Clarke
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Richard Bulbulia
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; MRC Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Alison Halliday
- Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; MRC Population Health Research Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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23
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Xing LY, Diederichsen SZ, Højberg S, Krieger D, Graff C, Olesen MS, Nielsen JB, Brandes A, Køber L, Haugan KJ, Svendsen JH. Electrocardiographic Morphology-Voltage-P-Wave-Duration (MVP) Score to Select Patients for Continuous Atrial Fibrillation Screening to Prevent Stroke. Am J Cardiol 2023; 205:457-464. [PMID: 37666019 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2023.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Morphology-voltage-P-wave-duration (MVP) score combining P-wave duration (PWD), P-wave voltage in lead I (PWVI), and interatrial block (IAB) has been demonstrated to predict atrial fibrillation (AF). Therefore, this study aimed to examine MVP score and its P-wave components as potential predictors of AF screening effects on stroke prevention. This was a secondary analysis of the LOOP Study (Atrial Fibrillation detected by Continuous ECG Monitoring using Implantable Loop Recorder to prevent Stroke in High-risk Individuals) which randomized older persons (aged 70 to 90 years) with additional stroke risk factors to either continuous monitoring with implantable loop recorder and anticoagulation upon detection of AF episodes ≥6 minutes (the intervention group), or usual care. A total of 5,759 participants were included in the present analysis, where PWD, PWVI, and IAB were determined through a computerized analysis of 12-lead electrocardiogram and further employed to calculate baseline MVP score (0 to 6) for each participant. In total, 305 (5.3%) had stroke or systemic embolism during follow-up, with a higher risk in the group with MVP score 5 to 6 than those having score 0 to 2 (hazard ratio (HR) 1.54 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01 to 2.35]). This risk increase was mainly upheld by participants with IAB (HR 1.62 [95% CI 1.11 to 2.36] for IAB vs no IAB) and with longer PWD (HR 1.37 [95% CI 1.07 to 1.75] for >110 vs ≤110 ms). Compared with usual care, implantable loop recorder screening did not significantly reduce the risk of stroke or systemic embolism in any MVP risk categories (HR 0.80 [95% CI 0.60 to 1.08] for MVP score 0 to 2, 0.54 [95% CI 0.16 to 1.85] for MVP score 3 to 4, and 0.89 [95% CI 0.35 to 2.25] for MVP score 5 to 6; pinteraction = 0.78). In conclusion, a higher MVP score was associated with an increased stroke risk, but it did not demonstrate an association with effects of AF screening on stroke prevention. These findings should be considered hypothesis-generating and warrant further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Yixi Xing
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Cardiology, Zealand University Hospital - Roskilde, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Søren Zöga Diederichsen
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren Højberg
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Derk Krieger
- Department of Neurology, Mediclinic City Hospital, Dubai, United Arabic Emirates; Department of Neuroscience, Mohammed Bin Rashid University of Medicine and Health Science, Dubai, United Arabic Emirates
| | - Claus Graff
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Morten Salling Olesen
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jonas Bille Nielsen
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Axel Brandes
- Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Department of Cardiology, Esbjerg Hospital - University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark
| | - Lars Køber
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ketil Jørgen Haugan
- Department of Cardiology, Zealand University Hospital - Roskilde, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Jesper Hastrup Svendsen
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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24
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Stone PH, Sauer WH. Harnessing the Deluge of Rhythm-Monitoring Data for the Prevention of Stroke. N Engl J Med 2023; 389:1232-1234. [PMID: 37754289 DOI: 10.1056/nejme2309444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter H Stone
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Harvard Medical School - both in Boston
| | - William H Sauer
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Harvard Medical School - both in Boston
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25
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Kristensen AMD, Pareek M, Kragholm KH, Torp-Pedersen C, McEvoy JW, Prescott EB. Temporal trends in low-dose aspirin therapy for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in European adults with and without diabetes. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2023; 30:1172-1181. [PMID: 36947152 DOI: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwad092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Aspirin therapy for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is controversial, and guideline recommendations have changed throughout the last decades. We report temporal trends in primary prevention aspirin use among persons with and without diabetes and describe characteristics of incident aspirin users. METHODS AND RESULTS Using Danish nationwide registries, we identified incident and prevalent aspirin users in a population of subjects ≥40 years without CVD eligible for primary preventive aspirin therapy from 2000 through 2020. Temporal trends in aspirin users with and without diabetes were assessed, as were CVD risk factors among incident users. A total of 522 680 individuals started aspirin therapy during the study period. The number of incident users peaked in 2002 (39 803 individuals, 1.78% of the eligible population) and was the lowest in 2019 (11 898 individuals, 0.49%), with similar trends for subjects with and without diabetes. The percentage of incident users with no CVD risk factors [diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (a proxy for smoking)] decreased from 53.9% in 2000 to 30.9% in 2020. The temporal trends in prevalent aspirin users followed a unimodal curve, peaked at 7.7% in 2008, and was 3.3% in 2020. For subjects with diabetes, the peak was observed in 2009 at 38.5% decreasing to 17.1% in 2020. CONCLUSION Aspirin therapy for primary prevention of CVD has decreased over the last two decades. However, the drug remained used in individuals with and without diabetes, and a large proportion of individuals started on aspirin therapy had no CVD risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Meta Dyrvig Kristensen
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Nordre Fasanvej 57, 2000 Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Manan Pareek
- Center for Translational Cardiology and Pragmatic Randomized Trials, Gentofte Hospital, Gentofte Hospitalsvej 8, 2900 Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Kristian Hay Kragholm
- Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Hobrovej 18-22, 9000 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Christian Torp-Pedersen
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital-North Zealand Hospital, Dyrehavevej 29, 3400 Hillerød, Denmark
| | - John William McEvoy
- National Institute for Prevention and Cardiovascular Health, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Moyola Lane, Newcastle, Galway, Ireland
| | - Eva Bossano Prescott
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Nordre Fasanvej 57, 2000 Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
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26
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Parker WA, Vigneault DM, Yang I, Bratt A, Marquardt AC, Sharifi H, Guo HH. Opportunistic Screening for Atrial Fibrillation on Routine Chest Computed Tomography. J Thorac Imaging 2023; 38:270-277. [PMID: 36917506 DOI: 10.1097/rti.0000000000000702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Quantitative biomarkers from chest computed tomography (CT) can facilitate the incidental detection of important diseases. Atrial fibrillation (AFib) substantially increases the risk for comorbid conditions including stroke. This study investigated the relationship between AFib status and left atrial enlargement (LAE) on CT. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 500 consecutive patients who had undergone nongated chest CTs were included, and left atrium maximal axial cross-sectional area (LA-MACSA), left atrium anterior-posterior dimension (LA-AP), and vertebral body cross-sectional area (VB-Area) were measured. Height, weight, age, sex, and diagnosis of AFib were obtained from the medical record. Parametric statistical analyses and receiver operating characteristic curves were performed. Machine learning classifiers were run with clinical risk factors and LA measurements to predict patients with AFib. RESULTS Eighty-five patients with a diagnosis of AFib were identified. Mean LA-MACSA and LA-AP were significantly larger in patients with AFib than in patients without AFib (28.63 vs. 20.53 cm 2 , P <0.000001; 4.34 vs. 3.5 cm, P <0.000001, respectively), both with area under the curves (AUCs) of 0.73. Multivariable logistic regression analysis including age, sex, and VB-Area with LA-MACSA improved the AUC for predicting AFib (AUC=0.77). An LA-MACSA threshold of 30 cm 2 demonstrated high specificity for AFib diagnosis at 92% and sensitivity of 48%, and LA-AP threshold at 4.5 cm demonstrated 90% specificity and 42% sensitivity. A Bayesian machine learning model using age, sex, height, body surface area, and LA-MACSA predicted AFib with an AUC of 0.743. CONCLUSIONS LA-MACSA or LA-AP can be rapidly measured from routine chest CT, and when >30 cm 2 and >4.5 cm, respectively, are specific indicators to predict patients at increased risk for AFib.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Issac Yang
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Alex Bratt
- Stanford and Mayo Clinic Hospital, Rochester, MN
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27
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Cong D, Qi W, Liu X, Xu X, Dong L, Xue W, Li K. Pharmacokinetic Study of Enteric-Coated Sustained-Release Aspirin Tablets in Healthy Chinese Participants. Drug Des Devel Ther 2023; 17:2421-2429. [PMID: 37614377 PMCID: PMC10443535 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s409524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To study and compare the pharmacokinetic characteristics of enteric-coated sustained-release (EcSr) aspirin tablets with enteric-coated (Ec) aspirin tablets (Bayer S.p.A) in healthy Chinese participants. Patients and Methods In this open, randomized, single-dose, three-way, crossover study, 18 healthy participants randomly received 100 mg EcSr tablets pre-prandially (a.c.), EcSr tablets post-prandially (p.c.), or Ec tablets a.c. in each period. The concentrations of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and salicylic acid (SA) in plasma were determined by the LC-MS/MS method, and the pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated using WinNonlin (version 8.1). Results The essential PK parameters under the three treatment conditions (ie Ec a.c., EcSr a.c. and EcSr p.c.) were as follows: Cmax, ASA: 758.38±455.34, 222.77±98.04 and 194.54±61.19 ng, Tmax, ASA: 6.75(2,16), 4.5(2,11) and 8.25(5,11) h, T1/2, ASA: 0.43±0.08, 1.44±0.59 and 4.32±10.04 h, AUC0-t, ASA: 1008.88±452.27, 918.04±238.40 and 845.55±183.25 h·ng/mL; Cmax, SA: 6409.38±2098.52, 2863.53±679.73 and 2913.75±853.27ng/mL, Tmax, SA: 7.25(2,24), 10(3.5-14) and 10(7,14) h, T1/2, SA: 2.21±0.46, 2.69±0.72 and 3.51±2.06h, AUC0-t, SA: 29,131.41±9376.23, 27,243.97±7465.16, 27,240.25±7444.67 h·ng/mL. When taking EcSr aspirin tablets, the 90% confidence intervals of the geometric mean ratios (pre-prandial/post-prandial) of AUC0-t, ASA and AUC0-∞, ASA, Cmax, SA, AUC0-t, SA and AUC0-∞, SA were within the range of 80.00%-125.00%. Conclusion EcSr aspirin tablets showed less inter-individual variation in release and absorption than Ec aspirin tablets, which was well reflected by comparing essential PK parameters. Furthermore, meals had no significant effect on the pharmacokinetics of EcSr aspirin tablets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duanduan Cong
- Clinical Trial Center, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Clinical Risk and Personalized Medication Evaluation, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenyuan Qi
- Clinical Trial Center, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Clinical Risk and Personalized Medication Evaluation, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- Clinical Trial Center, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Clinical Risk and Personalized Medication Evaluation, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Xu
- Clinical Trial Center, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Clinical Risk and Personalized Medication Evaluation, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lingyun Dong
- Beijing Yeedozencom Healthcare Science & Technology Co., Ltd, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Xue
- Clinical Trial Center, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Clinical Risk and Personalized Medication Evaluation, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kexin Li
- Clinical Trial Center, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Clinical Risk and Personalized Medication Evaluation, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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28
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Benson KRK, Diamantidis CJ, Davenport CA, Sandler RS, Boulware LE, Mohottige D. Racial Differences in Over-the-Counter Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug Use Among Individuals at Risk of Adverse Cardiovascular Events. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2023:10.1007/s40615-023-01743-x. [PMID: 37594625 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-023-01743-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Black Americans are disproportionately affected by adverse cardiovascular events (ACEs). Over-the-counter (OTC) non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) confer increased risk for ACEs, yet racial differences in the use of these products remain understudied. This study sought to determine racial differences in OTC NSAID and high-potency powdered NSAID (HPP-NSAID) use. METHODS AND MATERIALS This retrospective analysis examined participants at risk of ACEs (defined as those with self-reported hypertension, diabetes, heart disease, or smoking history ≥ 20 years) from the North Carolina Colon Cancer Study, a population-based case-control study. We used multivariable logistic regression models to assess the independent associations of race with any OTC NSAID use, HPP-NSAID use, and regular use of these products. RESULTS Of the 1286 participants, 585 (45%) reported Black race and 701 (55%) reported non-Black race. Overall, 665 (52%) reported any OTC NSAID use and 204 (16%) reported HPP-NSAID use. Compared to non-Black individuals, Black individuals were more likely to report both any OTC NSAID use (57% versus 48%) and HPP-NSAID use (22% versus 11%). In multivariable analyses, Black (versus non-Black) race was independently associated with higher odds of both NSAID use (OR 1.4, 95% CI (1.1, 1.8)) and HPP-NSAID use (OR 1.8 (1.3, 2.5)). CONCLUSIONS Black individuals at risk of ACEs had higher odds of any OTC NSAID and HPP-NSAID use than non-Black individuals, after controlling for pain and socio-economic status. Further research is necessary to identify potential mechanisms driving this increased use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn R K Benson
- Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Center for Community and Population Health Improvement, Duke Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Clarissa J Diamantidis
- Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Center for Community and Population Health Improvement, Duke Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Clemontina A Davenport
- Center for Community and Population Health Improvement, Duke Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Robert S Sandler
- Center for Community and Population Health Improvement, Duke Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - L Ebony Boulware
- Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Center for Community and Population Health Improvement, Duke Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Dinushika Mohottige
- Center for Community and Population Health Improvement, Duke Clinical and Translational Science Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
- Department of Population Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Institute for Health Equity Research, 1425 Madison Avenue Floor 2, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, Barbara T. Murphy Division of Nephrology, 1425 Madison Avenue Floor 2, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
- Division of Data-Driven and Digital Medicine (D3M), Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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MacDonald BJ, Virani SA, Zieroth S, Turgeon R. Heart Failure Management in 2023: A Pharmacotherapy- and Lifestyle-Focused Comparison of Current International Guidelines. CJC Open 2023; 5:629-640. [PMID: 37720183 PMCID: PMC10502425 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjco.2023.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
This review examines the pharmacotherapy and lifestyle recommendations of the most recent iterations of the Canadian Cardiovascular Society (CCS) / Canadian Heart Failure Society (CHFS), the European Society of Cardiology (ESC), and the American Heart Association (AHA) / American College of Cardiology (ACC) / Heart Failure Society of America (HFSA) heart failure (HF) guidelines, which all have been updated in response to therapeutic developments across the spectrum of left ventricular ejection fraction. Identified areas of unanimity across these guidelines include the following: recommending quadruple therapy for patients with HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF; although no guideline proposed an ideal sequence of initiation); intravenous iron administration for patients with HFrEF and iron deficiency; and sodium restriction for patients with HF. Recent evidence regarding the harms of HFrEF medication withdrawal in patients with HF with improved ejection fraction has prompted subsequent guidelines to recommend against withdrawal. Due to the lower quality of evidence, there are disagreements regarding management of HF with preserved ejection fraction and uncertainty regarding management of HF with mildly reduced ejection fraction. Practical guidance is provided to clinicians navigating these challenging areas. In addition to these clinically focused comparisons, we describe opportunities for guideline improvement and harmonization. Specifically, these include opportunities regarding HFrEF sequencing, the need for timely updates, shared decision-making, Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) framework adoption, and the creation of recommendations where high-quality evidence is lacking. Although these guidelines have broad agreement, key areas of controversy remain that may be addressed by emerging evidence and changes in guideline methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sean A. Virani
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Ricky Turgeon
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Xue Z, Zhu J, Liu J, Wang L, Ding J. Research progress of non-coding RNA in atrial fibrillation. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1210762. [PMID: 37522088 PMCID: PMC10379658 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1210762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common arrhythmia in clinic, and its incidence is increasing year by year. In today's increasingly prevalent society, ageing poses a huge challenge to global healthcare systems. AF not only affects patients' quality of life, but also causes thrombosis, heart failure and other complications in severe cases. Although there are some measures for the diagnosis and treatment of AF, specific serum markers and targeted therapy are still lacking. In recent years, ncRNAs have become a hot topic in cardiovascular disease research. These ncRNAs are not only involved in the occurrence and development of AF, but also in pathophysiological processes such as myocardial infarction and atherosclerosis, and are potential biomarkers of cardiovascular diseases. We believe that the understanding of the pathophysiological mechanism of AF and the study of diagnosis and treatment targets can form a more systematic diagnosis and treatment framework of AF and provide convenience for individuals with AF and the society.
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31
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Konz MG, Haigh P, Swearigen S, Chaddha A, Hess T, Goldberger ZD, Wright JM. Ischemic Evaluation in Patients Presenting With Atrial Fibrillation With Rapid Ventricular Rates and Elevated Troponin Levels Does Not Impact Outcomes. Am J Cardiol 2023; 201:227-228. [PMID: 37390698 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2023.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G Konz
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, Madison, Wisconsin.
| | - Peter Haigh
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Sean Swearigen
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ashish Chaddha
- Cardiac Consultants, Baptist Hospitals of Southeast Texas, Beaumont, Texas
| | - Timothy Hess
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Zachary D Goldberger
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Jennifer M Wright
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Wisconsin Hospital and Clinics, Madison, Wisconsin
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32
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Caldarola P, De Iaco F, Pugliese FR, De Luca L, Fabbri A, Riccio C, Scicchitano P, Vanni S, Di Pasquale G, Gulizia MM, Gabrielli D, Oliva F, Colivicchi F. ANMCO-SIMEU consensus document: appropriate management of atrial fibrillation in the emergency department. Eur Heart J Suppl 2023; 25:D255-D277. [PMID: 37213798 PMCID: PMC10194824 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartjsupp/suad110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) accounts for 2% of the total presentations to the emergency department (ED) and represents the most frequent arrhythmic cause for hospitalization. It steadily increases the risk of thromboembolic events and is often associated with several comorbidities that negatively affect patient's quality of life and prognosis. AF has a considerable impact on healthcare resources, making the promotion of an adequate and coordinated management of this arrhythmia necessary in order to avoid clinical complications and to implement the adoption of appropriate technological and pharmacological treatment options. AF management varies across regions and hospitals and there is also heterogeneity in the use of anticoagulation and electric cardioversion, with limited use of direct oral anticoagulants. The ED represents the first access point for early management of patients with AF. The appropriate management of this arrhythmia in the acute setting has a great impact on improving patient's quality of life and outcomes as well as on rationalization of the financial resources related to the clinical course of AF. Therefore, physicians should provide a well-structured clinical and diagnostic pathway for patients with AF who are admitted to the ED. This should be based on a tight and propositional collaboration among several specialists, i.e. the ED physician, cardiologist, internal medicine physician, anesthesiologist. The aim of this ANMCO-SIMEU consensus document is to provide shared recommendations for promoting an integrated, accurate, and up-to-date management of patients with AF admitted to the ED or Cardiology Department, in order to make it homogeneous across the national territory.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabio De Iaco
- Pronto Soccorso e Medicina d'Urgenza, A.O. Martini, Via Luigi Ferdinando Marsigli, 84 - 10141 Torino (TO), Italy
| | - Francesco Rocco Pugliese
- U.O.C. Medicina e Chirurgia d'Accettazione e d'Urgenza, Ospedale Sandro Pertini, Via dei Monti Tiburtini, 385 - 00157 Roma, Italy
| | - Leonardo De Luca
- U.O.C. di Cardiologia, Dipartimento Cardio-Toraco-Vascolare, Azienda Ospedaliera San Camillo Forlanini, Cir.ne Gianicolense, 87 - 00152 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Fabbri
- Pronto Soccorso e Medicina d'Urgenza-118, Azienda USL della Romagna, Via Carlo Forlanini, 34 - 47121 Forlì, Italy
| | - Carmine Riccio
- U.O.S.D. Follow up del Paziente Post-Acuto, Dipartimento Cardiovascolare, A.O.R.N. Sant'Anna e San Sebastiano, Via Ferdinando Palasciano, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Pietro Scicchitano
- U.O. Cardiologia-UTIC, Ospedale "F. Perinei", SS96 - 70022 Altamura (BA), Italy
| | - Simone Vanni
- S.O.C. Medicina d'Urgenza, Ospedale San Giuseppe, Empoli (FI) e Direttore Area Formazione, Dipartimento di Emergenza e Area Critica, Azienda USL Toscana Centro, Viale Giovanni Boccaccio, 16/20, 50053 Empoli FI, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Di Pasquale
- Direzione Generale Cura della Persona, Salute e Welfare, Regione Emilia-Romagna, Viale Aldo Moro, 21 - 40127 Bologna, Italy
| | - Michele Massimo Gulizia
- U.O.C. Cardiologia, Ospedale Garibaldi-Nesima, Azienda di Rilievo Nazionale e Alta Specializzazione "Garibaldi", Piazza Santa Maria di Gesù, 5 - 95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Domenico Gabrielli
- U.O.C. di Cardiologia, Dipartimento Cardio-Toraco-Vascolare, Azienda Ospedaliera San Camillo Forlanini, Cir.ne Gianicolense, 87 - 00152 Rome, Italy
- Fondazione per il Tuo cuore - Heart Care Foundation, Via Alfonso la Marmora, 36- 50121 Firenze, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Oliva
- Cardiologia 1-Emodinamica, Dipartimento Cardiotoracovascolare "A. De Gasperis", ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Piazza dell'Ospedale Maggiore, 3 - 20162 Milano, Italy
| | - Furio Colivicchi
- U.O.C. Cardiologia Clinica e Riabilitativa, Presidio Ospedaliero San Filippo Neri - ASL Roma 1, Via Giovanni Martinotti, 20 - 00135 Roma, Italy
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33
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Liu Y, Chen C, Chen Y, Su X, Li Z, Chen Y. Percutaneous left atrial appendage closure in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and persistent atrial fibrillation: 3-year-followed case series. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e33646. [PMID: 37115077 PMCID: PMC10145963 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000033646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) are at high risk for stroke. Left atrial appendage closure (LAAC) is a promising alternative for stroke prevention in AF patients. We aimed to review the clinical outcomes of patients with AF and HCM at our center. We reviewed 673 patients who underwent LAAC implantation from 2014 to 2021 in a tertiary center, of whom 15 had HCM. AF Patients with HCM were compared with sex and age matched controls who also underwent LAAC. From 2014 to 2021, 673 AF patients received LAAC in a single center, of whom, 15 patients had HCM. LAAC devices were successfully implanted in 14 HCM patients and 59 patients in the control group. During the follow-up period (median 1151 days range: 132-2457 days), 2 HCM patient had ischemic strokes. There were another 2 HCM patients who had sudden cardiac death (SCD). Compared with the control, HCM patients had higher cumulative rate of combined death and stroke (26.67% vs 3.33%, P = .024). In our initial clinical experience, the cumulative stroke and death rate of the HCM patients was significantly higher than that of the non-HCM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Wuhan Asia Heart Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Chunyu Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wuhan University, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yuyi Chen
- Heart Failure Center, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Su
- Department of Cardiology, Wuhan Asia General Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Cardiology, Wuhan Asia Heart Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanhong Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Wuhan Asia Heart Hospital, Wuhan, China
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34
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Kim SP, Ryu J, Kim SH, Yoon HJ. Low-dose aspirin in the primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases: A retrospective, propensity score matched study. Atherosclerosis 2023; 371:54-60. [PMID: 37004474 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2023.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Although the guidelines have been revised recently, the effect of aspirin for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is still controversial. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the effect of aspirin on primary prevention in the real world. METHODS Among the 4,266,268 participants without a history of CVD or previous prescription of aspirin and other antiplatelet agents who were screened between 2002 and 2008, 268,963 persons who were prescribed low-dose aspirin (≤100 mg/day) over 90 days in 2002-2008 and 1,075,852 persons who did not receive aspirin were selected after propensity score matching. A Cox proportional-hazards model was used to evaluate the effect of low-dose aspirin on the development of CVD and bleeding episodes. RESULTS Aspirin showed a protective effect on total CVD events (hazard ratio (HR); 0.737, 95% confidence interval; 0.729-0.745). The protective effect of aspirin on total CVD events was significant in men, women and even in young participants (<65 years). Aspirin had a protective effect in participants with diabetes or hypertension against all subcategories of CVD. The HR of bleeding risk was 1.4-1.5 in aspirin group. CONCLUSIONS Low-dose aspirin generally showed a protective effect against CVD regardless of age, sex, and underlying comorbidities in the real world. Though, the effect of aspirin was evident at a young age, the risk of bleeding was also high (1.4-1.5 times), and thus, careful prescription is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Pyo Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program of Medical Informatics, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Integrated Major in Innovative Medical Science, Seoul National University Graduate School, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwon Ryu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Hwan Kim
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Jin Yoon
- Medical Bigdata Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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35
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Banerjee S, Das T, Grodin J, Minniefield N, Tsai S, Banerjee R, Persen K, Novak S. Clinical Validation of a Continuous Monitoring Mobile Cardiac Detection Device for Atrial Fibrillation. Am J Cardiol 2023; 189:61-63. [PMID: 36508764 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2022.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Subhash Banerjee
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center and Veterans Affairs North Texas Health Care System, Dallas, Texas; Veterans Affairs North Texas Health Care System, Dallas, Texas; Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX.
| | - Tony Das
- Connected Cardiovascular Care Associates, Dallas, Texas
| | - Jerrold Grodin
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center and Veterans Affairs North Texas Health Care System, Dallas, Texas; Veterans Affairs North Texas Health Care System, Dallas, Texas
| | - Nicole Minniefield
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center and Veterans Affairs North Texas Health Care System, Dallas, Texas; Veterans Affairs North Texas Health Care System, Dallas, Texas
| | - Shirling Tsai
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center and Veterans Affairs North Texas Health Care System, Dallas, Texas; Veterans Affairs North Texas Health Care System, Dallas, Texas
| | | | | | - Scott Novak
- Kingfish Statistics + Data Analytics, Inc., Durham, North Carolina
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36
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Spatz ES, Herrin J. Screening for atrial fibrillation to prevent stroke: increasing enthusiasm but outcomes still lag. Eur Heart J 2023; 44:205-207. [PMID: 36458879 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Erica S Spatz
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, 789 Howard Avenue, Dana 3 Building, New Haven CT 06519, USA.,Yale/Yale New Haven Health Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jeph Herrin
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, 789 Howard Avenue, Dana 3 Building, New Haven CT 06519, USA
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37
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Vermunicht P, Grecu M, Deharo JC, Buckley CM, Palà E, Mairesse GH, Farkowski MM, Bergonti M, Pürerfellner H, Hanson CL, Neubeck L, Freedman B, Witt H, Hills MT, Lund J, Giskes K, Engler D, Schnabel RB, Heidbuchel H, Desteghe L. General practitioners' perceptions on opportunistic single-time point screening for atrial fibrillation: A European quantitative survey. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1112561. [PMID: 36873407 PMCID: PMC9975716 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1112561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There is no clear guidance on how to implement opportunistic atrial fibrillation (AF) screening in daily clinical practice. Objectives This study evaluated the perception of general practitioners (GPs) about value and practicalities of implementing screening for AF, focusing on opportunistic single-time point screening with a single-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) device. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with a survey developed to assess overall perception concerning AF screening, feasibility of opportunistic single-lead ECG screening and implementation requirements and barriers. Results A total of 659 responses were collected (36.1% Eastern, 33.4% Western, 12.1% Southern, 10.0% Northern Europe, 8.3% United Kingdom & Ireland). The perceived need for standardized AF screening was rated as 82.7 on a scale from 0 to 100. The vast majority (88.0%) indicated no AF screening program is established in their region. Three out of four GPs (72.1%, lowest in Eastern and Southern Europe) were equipped with a 12-lead ECG, while a single-lead ECG was less common (10.8%, highest in United Kingdom & Ireland). Three in five GPs (59.3%) feel confident ruling out AF on a single-lead ECG strip. Assistance through more education (28.7%) and a tele-healthcare service offering advice on ambiguous tracings (25.2%) would be helpful. Preferred strategies to overcome barriers like insufficient (qualified) staff, included integrating AF screening with other healthcare programs (24.9%) and algorithms to identify patients most suitable for AF screening (24.3%). Conclusion GPs perceive a strong need for a standardized AF screening approach. Additional resources may be required to have it widely adopted into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulien Vermunicht
- Department of Cardiology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium.,Research Group Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Mihaela Grecu
- Electrophysiology Department, Cardiovascular Diseases Institute, Iasi, Romania
| | - Jean-Claude Deharo
- Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille and Aix Marseille Université, C2VN, Marseille, France
| | | | - Elena Palà
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR) - Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Michal M Farkowski
- II Department of Heart Arrhythmia, National Institute of Cardiology, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Marco Bergonti
- Department of Cardiology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium.,Research Group Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Coral L Hanson
- School of Health and Social Care, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Lis Neubeck
- School of Health and Social Care, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Ben Freedman
- Heart Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Charles Perkins Centre and Concord Hospital Cardiology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | | | - Jenny Lund
- Primary Care Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Katrina Giskes
- Heart Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of General Practice, School of Medicine, University of Notre Dame, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Daniel Engler
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Renate B Schnabel
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hein Heidbuchel
- Department of Cardiology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium.,Research Group Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Faculty of Medicine and Life Science, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Lien Desteghe
- Department of Cardiology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium.,Research Group Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.,Faculty of Medicine and Life Science, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium.,Heart Center Hasselt, Jessa Hospital, Hasselt, Belgium
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38
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Proietti M. Natural history of 'silent' atrial fibrillation from subclinical to asymptomatic: State of the art and need for research. Eur J Intern Med 2023; 107:27-29. [PMID: 36404262 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2022.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Proietti
- Division of Subacute Care, IRCCS Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, Via Camaldoli 64, Milan 20138, Italy; Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences at University of Liverpool, John Moores University and Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom.
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39
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Polkinghorne KR, Wetmore JB, Thao LTP, Wolfe R, Woods RL, Ernst ME, Nelson MR, Reid CM, Shah RC, McNeil JJ, Murray AM. Effect of Aspirin on CKD Progression in Older Adults: Secondary Analysis From the ASPREE Randomized Clinical Trial. Am J Kidney Dis 2022; 80:810-813. [PMID: 35430328 PMCID: PMC9562592 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2022.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevan R Polkinghorne
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Nephrology, Monash Medical Centre, Monash Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
| | - James B Wetmore
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Hennepin Healthcare, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Le Thi Phuong Thao
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rory Wolfe
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robyn L Woods
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael E Ernst
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, College of Pharmacy, and Department of Family Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Mark R Nelson
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Christopher M Reid
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Raj C Shah
- Department of Family Medicine and Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - John J McNeil
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anne M Murray
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Hennepin Healthcare, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Hennepin Healthcare Research Institute, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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40
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Lin JY, Larson J, Schoenberg J, Sepulveda A, Tinker L, Wheeler M, Albert C, Manson JE, Wells G, Martin LW, Froelicher V, LaMonte M, Kooperberg C, Hlatky MA, Greenland P, Stefanick ML, Perez MV. Serial 7-Day Electrocardiogram Patch Screening for AF in High-Risk Older Women by the CHARGE-AF Score. JACC Clin Electrophysiol 2022; 8:1523-1534. [PMID: 36543503 PMCID: PMC9986967 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacep.2022.08.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asymptomatic atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with an increased risk of stroke. The yield of serial electrocardiographic (ECG) screening for AF is unknown. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of AF detected by serial, 7-day ECG patch screenings in older women identified as having an elevated risk of AF according to the CHARGE (Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology)-AF clinical prediction score. METHODS Postmenopausal women with a 5-year predicted risk of new-onset AF ≥5% according to CHARGE-AF were recruited from the ongoing WHISH (Women's Health Initiative Strong and Healthy) randomized trial of a physical activity intervention. Participants with AF at baseline by self-report or medical records review were excluded. Screening with 7-day ECG patch monitors was performed at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months from study enrollment. RESULTS On baseline monitoring, 2.5% of the cohort had AF detected, increasing to 3.7% by 6 months and 4.9% cumulatively by 12 months. Yield of patch screening was higher among participants with a higher (≥10%) CHARGE-AF score: 4.2% had AF detected at baseline, 5.9% at 6 months, and 7.2% at 12 months. Most participants with patch-identified AF never had a clinical diagnosis of AF (36 of 46 [78%]). CONCLUSIONS Older women with an elevated CHARGE-AF score had a high prevalence of AF on 7-day ECG patch screening. Serial screening over 12 months substantially increased the detection of AF. These data can be useful in helping identify high-risk participants for enrollment in future studies of the management of asymptomatic AF.(Women's Health Initiative Silent Atrial Fibrillation Recording Study [WHISH STAR]; NCT05366803.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Y Lin
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Joseph Larson
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jenny Schoenberg
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Lesley Tinker
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Matthew Wheeler
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Christine Albert
- Department of Cardiology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - JoAnn E Manson
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gretchen Wells
- Department of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Lisa W Martin
- Department of Medicine, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Victor Froelicher
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Mike LaMonte
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | | | - Mark A Hlatky
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Philip Greenland
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Marco V Perez
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
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The Use of Aspirin Increases the Risk of Major Adverse Cardiac and Cerebrovascular Events in Hypertensive Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea for the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease: A Real-World Cohort Study. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11237066. [PMID: 36498638 PMCID: PMC9737230 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11237066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Hypertensive patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are at high risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), and the utility of aspirin for primary cardiovascular prevention in this population remains uncertain. (2) Methods: In this retrospective cohort study using data from the Urumchi Hypertension Database (UHDATA), hypertensive patients older than 18 years old with a first-time diagnosis of OSA were divided into three groups depending on aspirin history. Major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) were the primary outcome. Secondary outcomes included MACCE components, ischemic events, cardiac events, cerebrovascular events, and gastrointestinal bleeding risk. The inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) method was used to balance the confounding factors among the groups, and the Cox proportional hazards model was used to calculate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). (3) Results: In persistent aspirin users, the risk of MACCE events (HR 2.11, 95%CI 1.23-3.63), ischemic events (HR 2.58, 95%CI 1.42-4.69), cerebrovascular events (HR 2.55, 95%CI 1.44-4.51), and non-fatal cerebral infarction (HR 3.14, 95%CI 1.69-5.84) was significantly elevated. (4) Conclusions: Continuous aspirin use increases the incidence of cardiovascular adverse events in hypertensive patients with OSA receiving aspirin for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease.
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Hawkey C, Avery A, Coupland CAC, Crooks C, Dumbleton J, Hobbs FDR, Kendrick D, Moore M, Morris C, Rubin G, Smith M, Stevenson D. Helicobacter pylori eradication for primary prevention of peptic ulcer bleeding in older patients prescribed aspirin in primary care (HEAT): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2022; 400:1597-1606. [PMID: 36335970 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(22)01843-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peptic ulcers in patients receiving aspirin are associated with Helicobacter pylori infection. We aimed to investigate whether H pylori eradication would protect against aspirin-associated ulcer bleeding. METHODS We conducted a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (Helicobacter Eradication Aspirin Trial [HEAT]) at 1208 primary care centres in the UK, using routinely collected clinical data. Eligible patients were aged 60 years or older who were receiving aspirin at a daily dose of 325 mg or less (with four or more 28-day prescriptions in the past year) and had a positive C13 urea breath test for H pylori at screening. Patients receiving ulcerogenic or gastroprotective medication were excluded. Participants were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive either a combination of oral clarithromycin 500 mg, metronidazole 400 mg, and lansoprazole 30 mg (active eradication), or oral placebo (control), twice daily for 1 week. Participants, their general practitioners and health-care providers, and the research nurses, trial team, adjudication committee, and analysis team were all masked to group allocation throughout the trial. Follow-up was by scrutiny of electronic data in primary and secondary care. The primary outcome was time to hospitalisation or death due to definite or probable peptic ulcer bleeding, and was analysed by Cox proportional hazards methods in the intention-to-treat population. This trial is registered with EudraCT, 2011-003425-96. FINDINGS Between Sept 14, 2012, and Nov 22, 2017, 30 166 patients had breath testing for H pylori, 5367 had a positive result, and 5352 were randomly assigned to receive active eradication (n=2677) or placebo (n=2675) and were followed up for a median of 5·0 years (IQR 3·9-6·4). Analysis of the primary outcome showed a significant departure from proportional hazards assumptions (p=0·0068), requiring analysis over separate time periods. There was a significant reduction in incidence of the primary outcome in the active eradication group in the first 2·5 years of follow-up compared with the control group (six episodes adjudicated as definite or probable peptic ulcer bleeds, rate 0·92 [95% CI 0·41-2·04] per 1000 person-years vs 17 episodes, rate 2·61 [1·62-4·19] per 1000 person-years; hazard ratio [HR] 0·35 [95% CI 0·14-0·89]; p=0·028). This advantage remained significant after adjusting for the competing risk of death (p=0·028) but was lost with longer follow-up (HR 1·31 [95% CI 0·55-3·11] in the period after the first 2·5 years; p=0·54). Reports of adverse events were actively solicited; taste disturbance was the most common event (787 patients). INTERPRETATION H pylori eradication protects against aspirin-associated peptic ulcer bleeding, but this might not be sustained in the long term. FUNDING National Institute for Health and Care Research Health Technology Assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Hawkey
- STAR (Simple Trials for Academic Research) Unit, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
| | - Anthony Avery
- Centre for Academic Primary Care, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Carol A C Coupland
- Centre for Academic Primary Care, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Colin Crooks
- STAR (Simple Trials for Academic Research) Unit, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Jennifer Dumbleton
- STAR (Simple Trials for Academic Research) Unit, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - F D Richard Hobbs
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Denise Kendrick
- Centre for Academic Primary Care, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Michael Moore
- Primary Care Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | | | - Gregory Rubin
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Murray Smith
- Community and Health Research Unit, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, UK
| | - Diane Stevenson
- STAR (Simple Trials for Academic Research) Unit, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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Elbadawi A, Sedhom R, Gad M, Hamed M, Elwagdy A, Barakat AF, Khalid U, Mamas MA, Birnbaum Y, Elgendy IY, Jneid H. Screening for atrial fibrillation in the elderly: A network meta-analysis of randomized trials. Eur J Intern Med 2022; 105:38-45. [PMID: 35953337 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2022.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the optimal screening strategy for atrial fibrillation (AF) have yielded conflicting results. OBJECTIVE To examine the comparative efficacy of different AF screening strategies in older adults. METHODS We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane without language restrictions through January 2022, for RCTs evaluating the outcomes of non-invasive AF screening approaches among adults ≥65 years. We conducted a pairwise meta-analysis comparing any AF screening approach versus no screening, and a network meta-analysis comparing systematic screening versus opportunistic screening versus no screening. The primary outcome was new AF detection. RESULTS The final analysis included 9 RCTs with 85,209 patients. The weighted median follow-up was 12 months. The mean age was 73.4 years and men represented 45.6%. On pairwise meta-analysis, any AF screening (either systematic or opportunistic) was associated with higher AF detection (1.8% vs. 1.3%; risk ratio [RR] 2.10; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.20-3.65) and initiation of oral anticoagulation (RR 3.26; 95%CI 1.15-9.23), compared with no screening. There was no significant difference between any AF screening versus no screening in all-cause mortality (RR 0.97; 95%CI 0.93-1.01) or acute cerebrovascular accident (CVA) (RR 0.92; 95%CI 0.84-1.01). On network meta-analysis, only systematic screening was associated with higher AF detection (RR 2.73; 95% CI 1.62-4.59) and initiation of oral anticoagulation (RR 5.67; 95% CI 2.68-11.99), but not with the opportunistic screening, compared with no screening. CONCLUSION Systematic AF screening using non-invasive tools was associated with higher rate of new AF detection and initiation of OAC, but opportunistic screening was not associated with higher detection rates. There were no significant differences between the various AF screening approaches with respect to rates of all-cause mortality or CVA events. However, these analyses are likely underpowered and future RCTs are needed to examine the impact of systematic AF screening on mortality and CVA outcomes. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE None.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman Elbadawi
- Division of Cardiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA
| | - Ramy Sedhom
- Division of Cardiology, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Mohamed Gad
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Mohamed Hamed
- Division of Internal Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida, United States
| | - Amr Elwagdy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Rochester General Hospital, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Amr F Barakat
- UPMC Heart and Vascular Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Umair Khalid
- Division of Cardiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA
| | - Mamas A Mamas
- Keele Cardiovascular Research Group, Keele University, Keele, England; Institute of Population Health, University of Manchester, England
| | - Yochai Birnbaum
- Division of Cardiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA
| | - Islam Y Elgendy
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gill Heart Institute, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Hani Jneid
- Division of Cardiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA.
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Wang X, Chen X, Liu W, Liang W, Liu M. Rationale and Design of LAPIS: A Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study to Investigate the Efficacy and Safety of Low-Dose Aspirin in Elderly Chinese Patients. Int J Gen Med 2022; 15:8333-8341. [DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s391259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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45
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Noseworthy PA, Attia ZI, Behnken EM, Giblon RE, Bews KA, Liu S, Gosse TA, Linn ZD, Deng Y, Yin J, Gersh BJ, Graff-Radford J, Rabinstein AA, Siontis KC, Friedman PA, Yao X. Artificial intelligence-guided screening for atrial fibrillation using electrocardiogram during sinus rhythm: a prospective non-randomised interventional trial. Lancet 2022; 400:1206-1212. [PMID: 36179758 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(22)01637-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous atrial fibrillation screening trials have highlighted the need for more targeted approaches. We did a pragmatic study to evaluate the effectiveness of an artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm-guided targeted screening approach for identifying previously unrecognised atrial fibrillation. METHODS For this non-randomised interventional trial, we prospectively recruited patients with stroke risk factors but with no known atrial fibrillation who had an electrocardiogram (ECG) done in routine practice. Participants wore a continuous ambulatory heart rhythm monitor for up to 30 days, with the data transmitted in near real time through a cellular connection. The AI algorithm was applied to the ECGs to divide patients into high-risk or low-risk groups. The primary outcome was newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation. In a secondary analysis, trial participants were propensity-score matched (1:1) to individuals from the eligible but unenrolled population who served as real-world controls. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04208971. FINDINGS 1003 patients with a mean age of 74 years (SD 8·8) from 40 US states completed the study. Over a mean 22·3 days of continuous monitoring, atrial fibrillation was detected in six (1·6%) of 370 patients with low risk and 48 (7·6%) of 633 with high risk (odds ratio 4·98, 95% CI 2·11-11·75, p=0·0002). Compared with usual care, AI-guided screening was associated with increased detection of atrial fibrillation (high-risk group: 3·6% [95% CI 2·3-5·4] with usual care vs 10·6% [8·3-13·2] with AI-guided screening, p<0·0001; low-risk group: 0·9% vs 2·4%, p=0·12) over a median follow-up of 9·9 months (IQR 7·1-11·0). INTERPRETATION An AI-guided targeted screening approach that leverages existing clinical data increased the yield for atrial fibrillation detection and could improve the effectiveness of atrial fibrillation screening. FUNDING Mayo Clinic Robert D and Patricia E Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A Noseworthy
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Robert D and Patricia E Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
| | - Zachi I Attia
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Emma M Behnken
- Knowledge and Evaluation Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Rachel E Giblon
- Division of Clinical Trials and Biostatistics, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Katherine A Bews
- Robert D and Patricia E Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Sijia Liu
- Department of Artificial Intelligence and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Tara A Gosse
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Zachery D Linn
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Yihong Deng
- Robert D and Patricia E Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jun Yin
- Division of Clinical Trials and Biostatistics, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Bernard J Gersh
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | | | | | - Paul A Friedman
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Xiaoxi Yao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Robert D and Patricia E Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Fabritz L, Obergassel J. Artificial intelligence for early atrial fibrillation detection. Lancet 2022; 400:1173-1175. [PMID: 36215993 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(22)01802-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Fabritz
- University Center of Cardiovascular Science and Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20253 Hamburg, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck, Germany; Atrial Fibrillation Network, Münster, Germany; Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
| | - Julius Obergassel
- University Center of Cardiovascular Science and Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20253 Hamburg, Germany; German Center for Cardiovascular Research, partner site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck, Germany
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Chinese expert consensus on the risk assessment and management of panvascular disease inpatients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (2022 edition). CARDIOLOGY PLUS 2022. [DOI: 10.1097/cp9.0000000000000029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
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48
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Response to Liao et al. Am J Gastroenterol 2022; 117:1718. [PMID: 36194050 DOI: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000001908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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49
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Orozco-Beltrán D, Brotons Cuixart C, Banegas Banegas JR, Gil Guillén VF, Cebrián Cuenca AM, Martín Rioboó E, Jordá Baldó A, Vicuña J, Navarro Pérez J. [Cardiovascular preventive recommendations. PAPPS 2022 thematic updates. Working groups of the PAPPS]. Aten Primaria 2022; 54 Suppl 1:102444. [PMID: 36435583 PMCID: PMC9705225 DOI: 10.1016/j.aprim.2022.102444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The recommendations of the semFYC's Program for Preventive Activities and Health Promotion (PAPPS) for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are presented. The following sections are included: epidemiological review, where the current morbidity and mortality of CVD in Spain and its evolution as well as the main risk factors are described; cardiovascular (CV) risk and recommendations for the calculation of CV risk; main risk factors such as arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia and diabetes mellitus, describing the method for their diagnosis, therapeutic objectives and recommendations for lifestyle measures and pharmacological treatment; indications for antiplatelet therapy, and recommendations for screening of atrial fibrillation, and recommendations for management of chronic conditions. The quality of testing and the strength of the recommendation are included in the main recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domingo Orozco-Beltrán
- Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria, Unidad de Investigación Centro de Salud Cabo Huertas, Departamento San Juan de Alicante. Departamento de Medicina Clínica, Universidad Miguel Hernández, San Juan de Alicante, España.
| | - Carlos Brotons Cuixart
- Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria. Instituto de Investigación Biomédica (IIB) Sant Pau. Equipo de Atención Primaria Sardenya, Barcelona, España
| | - Jose R Banegas Banegas
- Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, España
| | - Vicente F Gil Guillén
- Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria, Hospital Universitario de Elda. Departamento de Medicina Clínica. Universidad Miguel Hernández, San Juan de Alicante, España
| | - Ana M Cebrián Cuenca
- Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria, Centro de Salud Cartagena Casco Antiguo, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB), 30120 Murcia, España
| | - Enrique Martín Rioboó
- Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria, Especialista en Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria, Centro de Salud Poniente, Córdoba, IMIBIC Hospital Reina Sofía Córdoba. Colaborador del grupo PAPPS
| | - Ariana Jordá Baldó
- Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria, Centro de Salud San Miguel, Plasencia, Badajoz, España
| | - Johanna Vicuña
- Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Hospital de la Sant Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, España
| | - Jorge Navarro Pérez
- Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria, Hospital Clínico Universitario. Departamento de Medicina. Universidad de Valencia. Instituto de Investigación INCLIVA, Valencia, España
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50
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Aspirin Use and the Risk of Liver Cancer. Am J Gastroenterol 2022; 117:1718. [PMID: 35973156 DOI: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000001870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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