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Yuan X, Matsumoto M, Okada E, Murakami K, Sasaki S, Takimoto H. Relationship between Household Shared Meal Frequency and Dietary Intake among Men and Women Aged ≥20 Years: Cross-Sectional Analyses Based on 2018 and 2019 National Health and Nutrition Surveys in Japan. Nutrients 2024; 16:1764. [PMID: 38892697 PMCID: PMC11175063 DOI: 10.3390/nu16111764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the relationship between the frequency of household shared meals and the intake of 17 food groups and 21 nutrients. Participants were 3310 men and 3386 women ≥20 years old living in a household of ≥2 members from 2018 and 2019 National Health and Nutrition Surveys in Japan. A one-day household dietary record was used to classify an individual's shared meal frequency and dietary intake. A shared meal is defined as an eating occasion (i.e., breakfast, lunch, and dinner) where ≥1 food item-other than sugars, fats and oils, beverages, and condiments-was recorded with an assigned approximated shared proportion. The shared meal frequency for each individual was classified into one of four categories: 0, 1, 2, and 3 times/day. Dietary intake was compared across the shared meal categories adjusted for age, occupation, household size, meal skipping, snacking, residential areas, and within-household correlations. Both men and women who had more frequent shared meals showed higher intakes of potatoes, vegetables, mushrooms, and condiments but less confectioneries and beverages. A higher shared meal frequency was also related to a higher intake of many (12/21) nutrients (e.g., protein, dietary fiber, and potassium). However, in women, there was a positive association between shared meal frequency and sodium intake. A higher frequency of household shared meals may be related to a more favorable dietary intake; except for concerns about sodium intake in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Yuan
- Department of Nutritional Epidemiology and Shokuiku, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health, and Nutrition, 3-17 Senrioka Shinmachi, Settsu-shi 566-0002, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mai Matsumoto
- Department of Nutritional Epidemiology and Shokuiku, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health, and Nutrition, 3-17 Senrioka Shinmachi, Settsu-shi 566-0002, Osaka, Japan
| | - Emiko Okada
- Department of Nutritional Epidemiology and Shokuiku, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health, and Nutrition, 3-17 Senrioka Shinmachi, Settsu-shi 566-0002, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kentaro Murakami
- Department of Social and Preventive Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku 113-0033, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Sasaki
- Department of Social and Preventive Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku 113-0033, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidemi Takimoto
- Department of Nutritional Epidemiology and Shokuiku, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health, and Nutrition, 3-17 Senrioka Shinmachi, Settsu-shi 566-0002, Osaka, Japan
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Agurs-Collins T, Alvidrez J, ElShourbagy Ferreira S, Evans M, Gibbs K, Kowtha B, Pratt C, Reedy J, Shams-White M, Brown AG. Perspective: Nutrition Health Disparities Framework: A Model to Advance Health Equity. Adv Nutr 2024; 15:100194. [PMID: 38616067 PMCID: PMC11031378 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Disparities in nutrition, such as poor diet quality and inadequate nutrient intake, arise from multiple factors and are related to adverse health outcomes such as obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and some cancers. The aim of the current perspective is to present a nutrition-centric socioecological framework that delineates determinants and factors that contribute to diet and nutrition-related disparities among disadvantaged populations. The Nutrition Health Disparities Framework (NHDF) describes the domains (biological, behavioral, physical/built environment, sociocultural environment, and healthcare system) that influence nutrition-related health disparities through the lens of each level of influence (that is, individual, interpersonal, community, and societal). On the basis of the scientific literature, the authors engaged in consensus decision making in selecting nutrition-related determinants of health within each domain and socioecological level when creating the NHDF. The framework identifies how neighborhood food availability and access (individual/built environment) intersect with cultural norms and practices (interpersonal/sociocultural environment) to influence dietary behaviors, exposures, and risk of diet-related diseases. In addition, the NHDF shows how factors such as genetic predisposition (individual/biology), family dietary practices (interpersonal/behavioral), and food marketing policies (societal) may impact the consumption of unhealthy foods and beverages and increase chronic disease risk. Family and peer norms (interpersonal/behavior) related to breastfeeding and early childhood nutrition interact with resource-poor environments such as lack of access to preventive healthcare settings (societal/healthcare system) and low usage of federal nutrition programs (societal/behavioral), which may increase risk of poor nutrition during childhood and food insecurity. The NHDF describes the synergistic interrelationships among factors at different levels of the socioecological model that influence nutrition-related outcomes and exacerbate health disparities. The framework is a useful resource for nutrition researchers, practitioners, food industry leaders, and policymakers interested in improving diet-related health outcomes and promoting health equity in diverse populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Agurs-Collins
- National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States.
| | | | - Sanae ElShourbagy Ferreira
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Division of Clinical Innovation, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Mary Evans
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Division of Digestive Diseases and Nutrition, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Kimberlea Gibbs
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Division of Extramural Research, Pediatric Growth and Nutrition Branch, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | | | - Charlotte Pratt
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jill Reedy
- National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Marissa Shams-White
- National Cancer Institute, Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Alison Gm Brown
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
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Caregiving Strain, family functioning, and effort to change diet for patients with gastrointestinal cancer: A cross-sectional descriptive study. Eur J Oncol Nurs 2023; 62:102264. [PMID: 36610289 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejon.2022.102264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Among patients with cancer, it has been found that the family system influences health-related behaviors and may promote a healthy diet. This study assessed the associations among cancer patients between family caregiver strain, family functioning, and efforts to change diet. METHODS This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in gastrointestinal outpatient units at two tertiary university hospitals in South Korea. This study included 401 main family caregivers of patients with gastrointestinal cancer. The caregivers were evaluated using structured, face-to-face questionnaires measuring family strain, family functioning, and effort to change diet. RESULTS Greater effort to change diet was associated with higher family functioning, having a spouse, and more caregiving time per week. Less effort to change diet was associated with greater levels of caregiving strain and with a son providing caregiving. CONCLUSION The efforts of family caregivers to alter diet are influenced by family strain and family functioning, as well as family caregivers' characteristics, such as marital status, health problems due to caregiving, care time and duration, and relationship with the patient. This study suggested that reducing family strain and improving family functioning in clinical settings facilitate the success to change dietary strategies for cancer families.
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Gao M, Wu B, Jin W, Wei J, Wang J, Li J. Impact of aging on food consumption in rural China: Implications for dietary upgrading and health improvement. Front Nutr 2022; 9:933343. [PMID: 36505237 PMCID: PMC9731807 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.933343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The issue of population aging in rural China is getting profound; nevertheless, its impact on food consumption has not been well evaluated. This study aims to examine the relationship between rural aging and family food consumption in rural China. Materials and methods Using the statistical yearbook data and the nationally representative household-level data from the China Rural Fixed Observation Points, this study compares the evolution of food consumption between rural and urban residents from 1985 to 2020 and analyzes the structure of food consumption expenditure of rural residents. Next, this study further investigates the impact of aging on food consumption in rural households with ordinary least squares. Results (1) The principal foods consumed by rural residents in 2020 are meat and meat products (36.8%), grain (24.5%), and vegetables (10.9%). (2) An increase in older adults has decreased the absolute consumption of all foods, while it increased relative consumption of meat and meat products, aquatic products, edible oil and fats, poultry, eggs, and sugar. (3) Due to differences in the structure of young adults' food consumption, older adults would increase their consumption of fruits and vegetables if they lived with younger adults. Conclusion The findings of this study suggest that rural older adults may increase their consumption of fruits and vegetables by advocating intergenerational cohabitation while maintaining their intake of protein to achieve a balanced dietary structure and improve their health condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Gao
- Research Center for Rural Economy, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China,Institute of Rural Development, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bi Wu
- Research Center for Rural Economy, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Wencheng Jin
- Research Center for Rural Economy, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China
| | - Jiashuo Wei
- National Agricultural and Rural Development Research Institute, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiwen Wang
- Research Center for Rural Economy, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Jiwen Wang,
| | - Jinkai Li
- Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium,Jinkai Li,
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Silva Freitas RM, Brandão TBC, Cardoso da Silveira JA, Souza Oliveira J, Longo-Silva G, de Menezes RCE. Commensality and eating patterns in adolescents: An analysis from structural equation modeling. Appetite 2022; 178:106183. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2022.106183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Leme ACB, Haines J, Tang L, Fisberg M, Ferrari G, da Silva VA, Fisberg RM. Association between weight control behaviors and diet quality among Brazilian adolescents and young adults: Health Survey of São Paulo with Focus on Nutrition, 2015. Eat Weight Disord 2022; 27:605-618. [PMID: 33929700 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-021-01198-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Little is known about how behaviors to control weight are associated with diet quality among youth from low- and middle-income countries. The aim of this study was to examine associations between efforts to control weight (ECW) and diet quality among Brazilian adolescents and young adults. METHODS Data from 731 participants (17.89 ± 4.92 years, 51.1% female) of the 2015 Health Survey of São Paulo were used for this cross-sectional study. Dietary intake was assessed using a 24 h dietary recall and diet quality was calculated using the Brazilian Healthy Eating Index-Revised (BHEI-R). Participants reported their ECW, weight satisfaction, and socio-demographics. Descriptive statistics and linear regressions were calculated to investigate associations between ECW and diet quality. RESULTS Approximately 47.7% of participants were dissatisfied with their current weight, and 41.0% reported ECW. Reported strategies to control weight included increased physical activity, taking care of what they eat, and dieting (8.2, 3.1, and 2.5%, respectively). After adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, and body mass index, reporting at least one ECW (ß = 0.08; 95% CI 0.02, 0.13), taking care of what to eat (ß = 0.15; 0.08, 0.22) and being satisfied with their weight (0.08; 0.02, 0.13) were all associated with a higher overall BHEI-R score. CONCLUSION Overall diet quality score showed a small increase in participants reporting ECW. Further studies should be conducted to provide strategies used by adolescents from low- and middle-income countries to control their weight. Thus, developing public health policies, and behavioral-change strategies. LEVEL V Cross-sectional descriptive study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina Barco Leme
- Family Relations and Applied Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada. .,Center of Excellence in Nutrition and Feeding Difficulties, PENSI Institute, Children's Hospital Sabará, São Paulo, Brazil. .,Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Jess Haines
- Family Relations and Applied Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Lisa Tang
- Family Relations and Applied Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Mauro Fisberg
- Escuela de Ciências de la Actividad Física, El Deporte y la Salud, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH, 71783-5, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gerson Ferrari
- Laboratorio de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, El Deporte y la Salud, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH, 71783-5, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Regina Mara Fisberg
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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de Souza Júnior EV, Fernandes da Silva Filho B, Pires Cruz D, Souza Rosa R, Magalhães Cairo G, dos Santos Silva C, Reis Siqueira L, Okino Sawada N. Efeitos da Sexualidade na Funcionalidade Familiar e na Qualidade de Vida de Pessoas Idosas: Estudo Transversal. REVISTA CUIDARTE 2022. [DOI: 10.15649/cuidarte.2296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introdução: a literatura já aponta que a família, muitas vezes, é o principal obstáculo que impede as pessoas idosas vivenciarem sua sexualidade. Porém, até onde sabemos, não existem estudos que identifiquem os efeitos da sexualidade na funcionalidade familiar. Objetivo: analisar os efeitos da sexualidade sobre a funcionalidade familiar e sobre a qualidade de vida de pessoas idosas. Materiais e métodos: estudo seccional realizado com 692 pessoas idosas entre os meses de julho e outubro de 2020 por meio da utilização de instrumentos autoaplicáveis. Os dados foram analisados com o teste de Kruskal-Wallis, correlação de Pearson e modelagem de equações estruturais. Resultados: as pessoas idosas com algum grau de disfuncionalidade familiar apresentaram pior vivência na sexualidade e pior qualidade de vida. O domínio relações afetivas da sexualidade foi o único a exercer efeito de forma positiva, de moderada a forte magnitude com a funcionalidade familiar (CP=0,472 [IC95%=0,301-0,642] p<0,001). A qualidade de vida, por sua vez, sofreu efeito positivo, de fraca a moderada magnitude, de todos os domínios da sexualidade: ato sexual (CP=0,339 [IC95%=0,190-0,488] p<0,001); relações afetivas (CP=0,117 [IC95%= -0,041-0,275] p<0,001) e adversidades física e social (CP=0,150 [IC95%=0,074-0,226] p<0,001). Conclusão: a sexualidade entre as pessoas idosas pode ser explorada com maior frequência nos serviços de saúde, uma vez que, exerceu efeitos positivos na funcionalidade familiar e na qualidade de vida dessa população. Espera-se que com os resultados deste estudo, haja valorização da temática nos serviços assistenciais e que a sexualidade na velhice seja explorada com as pessoas idosas, especialmente na atenção primária à saúde.
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Abstract
AbstractFood systems that deliver healthy diets without exceeding the planet’s resources are essential to achieve the worlds’ ambitious development goals. Healthy diets need to be safe, accessible, and affordable for all, including for disadvantaged and nutritionally vulnerable groups such as of smallholder producers, traders, and consumers in low- and middle-income countries. Globally, food systems are experiencing rapid and drastic changes and are failing to fulfil these multiple duties simultaneously. The international community therefore calls for rigorous food systems transformations and policy solutions to support the achievement of healthy diets for all. Most strategies, however, are essentially supply- and market-oriented. Incorporation of a healthy diet perspective in food system transformation is essential to enable food systems to deliver not only on supplying nutritious foods but also on ensuring that consumers have access can afford and desire healthy, sustainable, and culturally acceptable diets. This paper argues that this should be guided by information on diets, dietary trends, consumer motives, and food environment characteristics. Transformational approaches and policies should also take into account the stage of food system development requiring different strategies to ensure healthier diets for consumers. We review current knowledge on drivers of consumer choices at the individual and food environment level with special emphasis on low- and middle income countries, discuss the converging and conflicting objectives that exist among multiple food-system actors, and argue that failure to strengthen synergies and resolve trade-offs may lead to missed opportunities and benefits, or negative unintended consequences in food system outcomes. The paper proposes a menu of promising consumer- and food-environment- oriented policy options to include in the food systems transformation agenda in order to shift LMIC consumer demand towards healthier diets in low- and middle income countries.
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Zafar TA, Alkazemi D. Correlates of food intake and mealtime behaviors among Kuwaiti adolescents. Int J Adolesc Med Health 2021; 34:19-30. [PMID: 34293836 DOI: 10.1515/ijamh-2021-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Eating meals with the family improves the food choices of adolescents. Studies conducted on Kuwaiti adolescents have reported suboptimal dietary intake; however, it is unclear what meal-related behaviors and family dynamics influence dietary choices in young Kuwaiti adolescents. This study explored the food intake and meal-related behaviors of young adolescents in relation to their mother's educational level, parental employment, and family size and to identify meal-related behaviors associated with poor dietary choices. CONTENT A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a modified and validated version of the International Health Behavior in School Children questionnaire recruiting 774 adolescents aged 14-16 years from all six governorates of Kuwait. SUMMARY A higher level of the mother's education was associated with higher odds of eating fruits and breakfast. A stay-at-home mother was associated with higher odds of consuming milk and home-made desserts. Larger family size was associated with higher odds of eating fruits, and a higher frequency of family meals was associated with higher odds of consuming vegetables and whole grain bread. All unhealthy snacks, including sweets, potato chips, french fries, home-made desserts, and sugar-sweetened beverages, were associated with higher odds of watching TV during mealtime. OUTLOOK A higher level of mother's education level, large family size, and family meals encouraged consuming fruits, vegetables, whole grain bread, milk, and breakfast, but consuming empty calorie snacks is very common. Family involvement in developing healthy meal-related behaviors is imperative for shaping healthy eating habits of adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasleem A Zafar
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Life Sciences, Kuwait University, Shadadiya, Kuwait
| | - Dalal Alkazemi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Life Sciences, Kuwait University, Shadadiya, Kuwait
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Khin ET, Aung MN, Ueno S, Ahmad I, Latt TS, Moolphate S, Yuasa M. Social Support between Diabetes Patients and Non-Diabetes Persons in Yangon, Myanmar: A Study Applying ENRICHD Social Support Instrument. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18147302. [PMID: 34299754 PMCID: PMC8303506 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18147302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes patients, due to the chorionic nature of the disease, need complex and long-term care for control and prevention of complications. The patients themselves find it difficult to adopt appropriate disease management after diagnosis and they need social support from family, friends, and their environment, especially in lower- and middle-income countries where medical service is limited, and they need self-care of disease and lifestyle modification. In Myanmar, however, the study for social support among diabetes patients is still limited. Therefore, we conducted a case-control study to investigate the social support among diabetes patients and the association between socioeconomic factors in Yangon, which has the highest prevalence of diabetes in Myanmar. Social support between diabetes patients who came to diabetes special clinics and non-diabetes community control was assessed by applying transculturally translated ENRICHD Social Support Instrument (ESSI). Among the diabetes patients’ group, more than 70% had high perceived social support, specifically higher level of informational and emotional social support. Robust multiple regression models revealed significant positive associations between total social support and independent variables: p value < 0.001 for monthly household income and being married, and p value < 0.05 for household number and frequency of having meals together with family. These findings suggest that perceived social support among patients with diabetes may be mainly affected by the patients’ family conditions, such as household income and living with a spouse, in Myanmar culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ei Thinzar Khin
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; (E.T.K.); (S.U.); (I.A.); (M.Y.)
| | - Myo Nyein Aung
- Advanced Research Institute for Health Sciences, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Faculty of International Liberal Arts, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-33813-3111
| | - Satomi Ueno
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; (E.T.K.); (S.U.); (I.A.); (M.Y.)
- Faculty of Nursing, Seisen Jogakuin College, Nagano 381-0085, Japan
| | - Ishtiaq Ahmad
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; (E.T.K.); (S.U.); (I.A.); (M.Y.)
| | - Tint Swe Latt
- Myanmar Diabetes Association (MMDA), Yangon 11211, Myanmar;
| | - Saiyud Moolphate
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Science and Technology, Chiang Mai Rajabhat University, Chiangmai 50300, Thailand;
| | - Motoyuki Yuasa
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; (E.T.K.); (S.U.); (I.A.); (M.Y.)
- Faculty of International Liberal Arts, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
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Maltoni G, Zioutas M, Deiana G, Biserni GB, Pession A, Zucchini S. Gender differences in weight gain during lockdown due to COVID-19 pandemic in adolescents with obesity. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2021; 31:2181-2185. [PMID: 33994065 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2021.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Lockdown due to COVID-19 pandemic has forced a decrease in physical activity (PA), an increase in sedentary behavior (SB) and a possibly worsening of fat accumulation in already obese subjects. The aim of this study was to investigate how social restriction may have contributed to weight changes in adolescents with obesity. Secondary aim was to evaluate possible parameters influencing weight changes. METHODS AND RESULTS Parameters of 51 obese adolescents were compared between two visits: within 2 months before 8 March, start of lockdown, and within 40 days after the end of it. RESULTS Mean weight gain during lockdown was 2.8 ± 3.7 kg (p < 0.001). Weight increase was higher in males than in females (3.8 ± 3.4 kg vs 1.2 ± 3.7 kg, p = 0.02). The hours dedicated to SB increased (+2.9 ± 2.8 h/day; p < 0.001) while the hours of PA decreased (-1.0 ± 1.6 h/week; p < 0.001). Males spent more hours in SB than females (+3.8 ± 2.7 h/day vs +1.5 ± 2.5 h/day; p = 0.003). There were minor changes in diet during lockdown. The most significant variables influencing both delta BMI and waist/height ratio increase were hours devoted to SB during lockdown and differences in mild and moderate PA before and after lockdown. CONCLUSIONS Obese adolescents showed a worsening of obesity during lockdown, with males mainly affected, mainly due to a reduced mild PA and increased hours spent in SB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Maltoni
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Woman, Child and Urologic Diseases, University of Bologna, IRCCS S.Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Italy
| | - Maximiliano Zioutas
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Woman, Child and Urologic Diseases, University of Bologna, IRCCS S.Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Deiana
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Woman, Child and Urologic Diseases, University of Bologna, IRCCS S.Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Italy
| | - Giovanni Battista Biserni
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Woman, Child and Urologic Diseases, University of Bologna, IRCCS S.Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Italy
| | - Andrea Pession
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Woman, Child and Urologic Diseases, University of Bologna, IRCCS S.Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Italy
| | - Stefano Zucchini
- Pediatric Unit, Department of Woman, Child and Urologic Diseases, University of Bologna, IRCCS S.Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Italy.
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Skelton JA, Van Fossen C, Harry O, Pratt KJ. Family Dynamics and Pediatric Weight Management: Putting the Family into Family-Based Treatment. Curr Obes Rep 2020; 9:424-441. [PMID: 33108634 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-020-00407-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The treatment of pediatric obesity entails working with entire families. However, aside from parenting and family health behaviors, family dynamics and relationships are not often incorporated in clinical treatment of obesity. RECENT FINDINGS Evidence across several studies suggest a relationship between family dynamics and child weight, with impaired family dynamics associated with higher weight status in children. Evidence is mixed if child age and family function are associated. Unfortunately, there is little evidence that addressing family dynamics (i.e., relationships and overall family system) will improve weight in children with obesity. Notably, few studies target family dynamics specifically. There are several validated measures of family dynamics available for researchers to explore the family system as it relates to child health and behaviors. A deeper understanding of family dynamics and relationships may provide new avenues to address issues of weight in children; accounting for the family, and their underlying functioning, may benefit the clinician and child engaged in weight management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A Skelton
- Department of Pediatrics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd., Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
| | - Catherine Van Fossen
- Department of Human Sciences, Human Development and Family Science Program, College of Education and Human Ecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Onengiya Harry
- Department of Pediatrics, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd., Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Keeley J Pratt
- Department of Human Sciences, Human Development and Family Science Program, College of Education and Human Ecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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do Amaral e Melo GR, Silva PO, Nakabayashi J, Bandeira MV, Toral N, Monteiro R. Family meal frequency and its association with food consumption and nutritional status in adolescents: A systematic review. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239274. [PMID: 32946506 PMCID: PMC7500660 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This systematic review evaluated the association between frequency of family meals (FFM) and nutritional status (NS) and/or food consumption (FC) in adolescents. The protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42017062180) and followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. No publication date, language, or meal type restrictions were imposed. Only full-text original articles were included; qualitative studies were excluded. Studies were identified by searching 5 electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, BVS Brazil, and Adolec) and gray literature (Google Scholar) and by scanning reference lists of included articles. Risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for cohort and cross-sectional studies. Initial search yielded 2001 results and 47 articles were included. An updated literature search added 3 articles. Of the 50 studies included, 25 studied the association between FFM and NS, 32 investigated the association between FFM and FC, being that seven studies analyzed both outcomes. Thirty-four were cross-sectional studies, 12 were longitudinal studies, and 4 studies analyzed both cross-sectional and longitudinal data. Thirty-five studies were rated as having good quality, whereas 19 were of fair quality. Sample size ranged from 140 to 102 072 participants. Most investigations evaluated the frequency of breakfast, lunch, and/or dinner/supper/evening meals over a 1-week period. Seventeen studies identified a positive relationship between high FFM and better NS, and 26 found a positive association between high FFM and better FC. In conclusion, this review showed an association between FFM and healthy dietary patterns, such as increased consumption of fruits and vegetables. Further research is needed to understand the association between FFM and NS, since some studies showed a protective role of family meals against obesity in this age group, whereas other studies identified no significant association between these variables.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Priscila Olin Silva
- Department of Nutrition, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Jennifer Nakabayashi
- Department of Nutrition, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | | | - Natacha Toral
- Department of Nutrition, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Distrito Federal, Brazil
| | - Renata Monteiro
- Department of Nutrition, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Distrito Federal, Brazil
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Ferreira CS, Andrade FBD. [Tendency of extreme attitudes in relation to weight in adolescents and their relationship with family support and body image]. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2020; 25:1599-1606. [PMID: 32402039 DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232020255.33892019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The scope of this study was to evaluate the tendency of extreme attitudes in relation to body weight among adolescents in Brazilian capitals and to verify its relationship with measures of family support and perception of body image. A cross-sectional study was conducted based on data from the National School Health Survey (PeNSE) for the years 2009, 2012 and 2015. There was an increase in the prevalence of extreme attitudes during the period evaluated. In the final model, higher age, perception of body image as being fat and male gender were associated with a higher incidence of extreme attitudes. However, higher level of schooling of the mother and the variables associated with family support (living with parents, informed parents, eating with parents) were associated with a lower incidence of extreme attitudes. The results of this study revealed that the family and social context is a fundamental issue to be investigated with families, adolescents and schools, as a preventive measure for possible health problems. The need to restructure public policies on health and education for adolescents, which should have the encouragement of family support as a guideline, is suggested.
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Gubbels JS. Environmental Influences on Dietary Intake of Children and Adolescents. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12040922. [PMID: 32230823 PMCID: PMC7230773 DOI: 10.3390/nu12040922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica S Gubbels
- Department of Health Promotion, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, NL-6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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