1
|
Jackson RJ, Hyman BT, Serrano-Pozo A. Multifaceted roles of APOE in Alzheimer disease. Nat Rev Neurol 2024; 20:457-474. [PMID: 38906999 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-024-00988-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
For the past three decades, apolipoprotein E (APOE) has been known as the single greatest genetic modulator of sporadic Alzheimer disease (AD) risk, influencing both the average age of onset and the lifetime risk of developing AD. The APOEε4 allele significantly increases AD risk, whereas the ε2 allele is protective relative to the most common ε3 allele. However, large differences in effect size exist across ethnoracial groups that are likely to depend on both global genetic ancestry and local genetic ancestry, as well as gene-environment interactions. Although early studies linked APOE to amyloid-β - one of the two culprit aggregation-prone proteins that define AD - in the past decade, mounting work has associated APOE with other neurodegenerative proteinopathies and broader ageing-related brain changes, such as neuroinflammation, energy metabolism failure, loss of myelin integrity and increased blood-brain barrier permeability, with potential implications for longevity and resilience to pathological protein aggregates. Novel mouse models and other technological advances have also enabled a number of therapeutic approaches aimed at either attenuating the APOEε4-linked increased AD risk or enhancing the APOEε2-linked AD protection. This Review summarizes this progress and highlights areas for future research towards the development of APOE-directed therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosemary J Jackson
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bradley T Hyman
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Massachusetts Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Charlestown, MA, USA.
| | - Alberto Serrano-Pozo
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Massachusetts Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Charlestown, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Arenaza‐Urquijo EM, Boyle R, Casaletto K, Anstey KJ, Vila‐Castelar C, Colverson A, Palpatzis E, Eissman JM, Kheng Siang Ng T, Raghavan S, Akinci M, Vonk JMJ, Machado LS, Zanwar PP, Shrestha HL, Wagner M, Tamburin S, Sohrabi HR, Loi S, Bartrés‐Faz D, Dubal DB, Vemuri P, Okonkwo O, Hohman TJ, Ewers M, Buckley RF. Sex and gender differences in cognitive resilience to aging and Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement 2024; 20:5695-5719. [PMID: 38967222 PMCID: PMC11350140 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Sex and gender-biological and social constructs-significantly impact the prevalence of protective and risk factors, influencing the burden of Alzheimer's disease (AD; amyloid beta and tau) and other pathologies (e.g., cerebrovascular disease) which ultimately shape cognitive trajectories. Understanding the interplay of these factors is central to understanding resilience and resistance mechanisms explaining maintained cognitive function and reduced pathology accumulation in aging and AD. In this narrative review, the ADDRESS! Special Interest Group (Alzheimer's Association) adopted a multidisciplinary approach to provide the foundations and recommendations for future research into sex- and gender-specific drivers of resilience, including a sex/gender-oriented review of risk factors, genetics, AD and non-AD pathologies, brain structure and function, and animal research. We urge the field to adopt a sex/gender-aware approach to resilience to advance our understanding of the intricate interplay of biological and social determinants and consider sex/gender-specific resilience throughout disease stages. HIGHLIGHTS: Sex differences in resilience to cognitive decline vary by age and cognitive status. Initial evidence supports sex-specific distinctions in brain pathology. Findings suggest sex differences in the impact of pathology on cognition. There is a sex-specific change in resilience in the transition to clinical stages. Gender and sex factors warrant study: modifiable, immune, inflammatory, and vascular.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eider M. Arenaza‐Urquijo
- Environment and Health Over the Life Course Programme, Climate, Air Pollution, Nature and Urban Health ProgrammeBarcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal)BarcelonaSpain
- University of Pompeu FabraBarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Rory Boyle
- Massachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Kaitlin Casaletto
- Department of NeurologyMemory and Aging CenterUniversity of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Kaarin J. Anstey
- University of New South Wales Ageing Futures InstituteSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Neuroscience Research AustraliaSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- School of Psychology, University of New South WalesSidneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | | | - Aaron Colverson
- University of Florida Center for Arts in Medicine Interdisciplinary Research LabUniversity of Florida, Center of Arts in MedicineGainesvilleFloridaUSA
| | - Eleni Palpatzis
- Environment and Health Over the Life Course Programme, Climate, Air Pollution, Nature and Urban Health ProgrammeBarcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal)BarcelonaSpain
- University of Pompeu FabraBarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Jaclyn M. Eissman
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer's Center, Department of NeurologyVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
- Vanderbilt Genetics InstituteVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Ted Kheng Siang Ng
- Rush Institute for Healthy Aging and Department of Internal MedicineRush University Medical CenterChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | | | - Muge Akinci
- Environment and Health Over the Life Course Programme, Climate, Air Pollution, Nature and Urban Health ProgrammeBarcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal)BarcelonaSpain
- University of Pompeu FabraBarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Jet M. J. Vonk
- Department of NeurologyMemory and Aging CenterUniversity of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Luiza S. Machado
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, FarroupilhaPorto AlegreBrazil
| | - Preeti P. Zanwar
- Jefferson College of Population Health, Thomas Jefferson UniversityPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- The Network on Life Course and Health Dynamics and Disparities, University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - Maude Wagner
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical CenterChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Stefano Tamburin
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement SciencesUniversity of VeronaVeronaItaly
| | - Hamid R. Sohrabi
- Centre for Healthy AgeingHealth Future InstituteMurdoch UniversityMurdochWestern AustraliaAustralia
- School of Psychology, Murdoch UniversityMurdochWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Samantha Loi
- Neuropsychiatry Centre, Royal Melbourne HospitalParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - David Bartrés‐Faz
- Department of MedicineFaculty of Medicine and Health Sciences & Institut de NeurociènciesUniversity of BarcelonaBarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques (IDIBAPS)BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Institut Guttmann, Institut Universitari de Neurorehabilitació adscrit a la Universitat Autónoma de BarcelonaBadalonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Dena B. Dubal
- Department of Neurology and Weill Institute of NeurosciencesUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
- Biomedical and Neurosciences Graduate ProgramsUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - Ozioma Okonkwo
- Alzheimer's Disease Research Center and Department of MedicineUniversity of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public HealthMadisonWisconsinUSA
| | - Timothy J. Hohman
- Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer's Center, Department of NeurologyVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
- Vanderbilt Genetics InstituteVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Michael Ewers
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia ResearchKlinikum der Universität MünchenLudwig Maximilians Universität (LMU)MunichGermany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE, Munich)MunichGermany
| | - Rachel F. Buckley
- Massachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bagheri S, Saboury AA, Saso L. Sequence of Molecular Events in the Development of Alzheimer's Disease: Cascade Interactions from Beta-Amyloid to Other Involved Proteins. Cells 2024; 13:1293. [PMID: 39120323 PMCID: PMC11312137 DOI: 10.3390/cells13151293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is the primary neurodegenerative disease affecting the elderly population. Despite the first description of its pathology over a century ago, its precise cause and molecular mechanism remain unknown. Numerous factors, including beta-amyloid, tau protein, the APOEε4 gene, and different metals, have been extensively investigated in relation to this disease. However, none of them have been proven to have a decisive causal relationship. Furthermore, no single theory has successfully integrated these puzzle pieces thus far. In this review article, we propose the most probable molecular mechanism for AD, which clearly shows the relationship between the main aspects of the disease, and addresses fundamental questions such as: Why is aging the major risk factor for the disease? Are amyloid plaques and tau tangles the causes or consequences of AD? Why are the distributions of senile plaques and tau tangles in the brain different and independent of each other? Why is the APOEε4 gene a risk factor for AD? Finally, why is the disease more prevalent in women?
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soghra Bagheri
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6714415185, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Saboury
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417614335, Iran;
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology “Vittorio Erspamer”, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ourry V, Binette AP, St-Onge F, Strikwerda-Brown C, Chagnot A, Poirier J, Breitner J, Arenaza-Urquijo EM, Rabin JS, Buckley R, Gonneaud J, Marchant NL, Villeneuve S. How Do Modifiable Risk Factors Affect Alzheimer's Disease Pathology or Mitigate Its Effect on Clinical Symptom Expression? Biol Psychiatry 2024; 95:1006-1019. [PMID: 37689129 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies show that modifiable risk factors account for approximately 40% of the population variability in risk of developing dementia, including sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recent findings suggest that these factors may also modify disease trajectories of people with autosomal-dominant AD. With positron emission tomography imaging, it is now possible to study the disease many years before its clinical onset. Such studies can provide key knowledge regarding pathways for either the prevention of pathology or the postponement of its clinical expression. The former "resistance pathway" suggests that modifiable risk factors could affect amyloid and tau burden decades before the appearance of cognitive impairment. Alternatively, the resilience pathway suggests that modifiable risk factors may mitigate the symptomatic expression of AD pathology on cognition. These pathways are not mutually exclusive and may appear at different disease stages. Here, in a narrative review, we present neuroimaging evidence that supports both pathways in sporadic AD and autosomal-dominant AD. We then propose mechanisms for their protective effect. Among possible mechanisms, we examine neural and vascular mechanisms for the resistance pathway. We also describe brain maintenance and functional compensation as bases for the resilience pathway. Improved mechanistic understanding of both pathways may suggest new interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Ourry
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Alexa Pichet Binette
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lunds Universitet, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Frédéric St-Onge
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Integrated Program in Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Cherie Strikwerda-Brown
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; School of Psychological Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Audrey Chagnot
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Edinburgh Medical School, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Judes Poirier
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - John Breitner
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Eider M Arenaza-Urquijo
- Environment and Health over the Lifecourse Programme, Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Jennifer S Rabin
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rachel Buckley
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Julie Gonneaud
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, PhIND "Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders," Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
| | - Natalie L Marchant
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sylvia Villeneuve
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; McConnell Brain Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Han SL, Ou YN, Han BL, Guo HH, Chi HC, Huang YM, Wang HF, Tan L. Total Tau Protein Mediates the Association of Ischemic Cerebrovascular Disease with Cognitive Decline. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 98:1133-1143. [PMID: 38578896 DOI: 10.3233/jad-231093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Background Patients with transient ischemic attack (TIA) or ischemic stroke demonstrate an increased risk of cognitive dysfunction. Accumulating evidence indicates that ischemic cerebrovascular disease (ICVD) may interact with the amyloid/tau/neurodegeneration (AT[N]) biomarkers to promote dementia. However, the precise pathological mechanisms remain to be fully characterized. Objective To elucidate the interrelationships among ICVD, ATN biomarkers in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and cognition. Methods A total of 2524 participants were recruited from the CABLE study. ICVD referred to TIA/ischemic stroke. Cognitive performance was assessed by China Modified Mini-Mental State Examination (CM-MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment-b (MoCA-b). Multivariate linear regression analyses were performed to evaluate the associations of ICVD with CSF ATN biomarkers and cognition. Causal mediation analyses were used to identify whether the association was mediated by ATN biomarkers. Results ICVD was associated with higher total-tau (t-tau) (p = 2.828×10-2) and poorer cognition (CM-MMSE: p = 1.539×10-5, MoCA-b: p = 4.552×10-6). Additionally, no discernible correlation surfaced between ICVD and amyloid-β (Aβ) 42 (p = 6.910×10-1) or phosphorylated tau (p-tau) (p = 4.324×10-1). The influence of ICVD on cognitive function was partially mediated by CSF t-tau (CM-MMSE: proportion: 2.74%, MoCA-b: proportion: 2.51%). Subgroup analyses revealed the influences of t-tau were especially evident in male (CM-MMSE: proportion: 5.45%, MoCA-b: proportion: 5.38%) and mid-life group (CM-MMSE: proportion: 9.83%, MoCA-b: proportion: 5.31%). Conclusions These results delineated t-tau as a potential mediator for the influence of ICVD on cognition. Targeting brain ischemia and alleviating neuronal injury induced by ischemia may be a promising approach for preventing cognitive decline.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang-Ling Han
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ya-Nan Ou
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Bao-Lin Han
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hai-Hua Guo
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hao-Chen Chi
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yi-Ming Huang
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Hui-Fu Wang
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (Qingdao Municipal Hospital), Qingdao, China
| | - Lan Tan
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (Qingdao Municipal Hospital), Qingdao, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Reed EG, Keller-Norrell PR. Minding the Gap: Exploring Neuroinflammatory and Microglial Sex Differences in Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17377. [PMID: 38139206 PMCID: PMC10743742 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Research into Alzheimer's Disease (AD) describes a link between AD and the resident immune cells of the brain, the microglia. Further, this suspected link is thought to have underlying sex effects, although the mechanisms of these effects are only just beginning to be understood. Many of these insights are the result of policies put in place by funding agencies such as the National Institutes of Health (NIH) to consider sex as a biological variable (SABV) and the move towards precision medicine due to continued lackluster therapeutic options. The purpose of this review is to provide an updated assessment of the current research that summarizes sex differences and the research pertaining to microglia and their varied responses in AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erin G. Reed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH 44242, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mahady L, Perez SE, Malek-Ahmadi M, Mufson EJ. Oligomeric, phosphorylated, and truncated tau and spliceosome pathology within the entorhinal-hippocampal connectome across stages of Alzheimer's disease. J Comp Neurol 2023; 531:2080-2108. [PMID: 36989381 PMCID: PMC10539478 DOI: 10.1002/cne.25466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) contain abnormally phosphorylated tau proteins, which spread within components of the medial temporal lobe (MTL) memory circuit in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, we used quantitative immunohistochemistry to determine the density of posttranslational oligomeric (TOC1 and TNT1), phosphorylated (AT8), and late truncated (TauC3) tau epitopes within the MTL subfields including entorhinal cortex (EC) layer II, subiculum, Cornu Ammonis (CA) subfields, and dentate gyrus (DG) in subjects who died with a clinical diagnosis of no cognitive impairment (NCI), mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and AD. We also examined whether alterations of the nuclear alternative splicing protein, SRSF2, are associated with tau pathology. Although a significant increase in TOC1, TNT1, and AT8 neuron density occurred in the EC in MCI and AD, subicular, DG granule cell, and CA1 and CA3 densities were only significantly higher in AD. TauC3 counts were not different between connectome regions and clinical groups. SRSF2 intensity in AT8-positive cells decreased significantly in all regions independent of the clinical groups examined. CA1 and subicular AT8, TauC3, and oligomeric densities correlated across clinical groups. EC AT8 counts correlated with CA subfields and subicular and DG values across clinical groups. Oligomeric and AT8 CA1, EC, and subicular density correlated with Braak stage. Decreased nuclear SRSF2 in the presence of cytoplasmic phosphorylated tau suggests a dual-hit process in NFT formation within the entorhinal hippocampal connectome during the onset of AD. Although oligomeric and phosphorylated tau follow a stereotypical pattern, clinical disease stage determined density of tau deposition and not anatomic location within the entorhinal-hippocampal connectome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Mahady
- Dept. of Translational Neuroscience, Phoenix, AZ
| | | | | | - Elliott J. Mufson
- Dept. of Translational Neuroscience, Phoenix, AZ
- Dept. of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ 85013
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Gouilly D, Rafiq M, Nogueira L, Salabert AS, Payoux P, Péran P, Pariente J. Beyond the amyloid cascade: An update of Alzheimer's disease pathophysiology. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2023; 179:812-830. [PMID: 36906457 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2022.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multi-etiology disease. The biological system of AD is associated with multidomain genetic, molecular, cellular, and network brain dysfunctions, interacting with central and peripheral immunity. These dysfunctions have been primarily conceptualized according to the assumption that amyloid deposition in the brain, whether from a stochastic or a genetic accident, is the upstream pathological change. However, the arborescence of AD pathological changes suggests that a single amyloid pathway might be too restrictive or inconsistent with a cascading effect. In this review, we discuss the recent human studies of late-onset AD pathophysiology in an attempt to establish a general updated view focusing on the early stages. Several factors highlight heterogenous multi-cellular pathological changes in AD, which seem to work in a self-amplifying manner with amyloid and tau pathologies. Neuroinflammation has an increasing importance as a major pathological driver, and perhaps as a convergent biological basis of aging, genetic, lifestyle and environmental risk factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Gouilly
- Toulouse Neuroimaging Center, Toulouse, France.
| | - M Rafiq
- Toulouse Neuroimaging Center, Toulouse, France; Department of Cognitive Neurology, Epilepsy and Movement Disorders, CHU Toulouse Purpan, France
| | - L Nogueira
- Department of Cell Biology and Cytology, CHU Toulouse Purpan, France
| | - A-S Salabert
- Toulouse Neuroimaging Center, Toulouse, France; Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Toulouse Purpan, France
| | - P Payoux
- Toulouse Neuroimaging Center, Toulouse, France; Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Toulouse Purpan, France; Center of Clinical Investigation, CHU Toulouse Purpan (CIC1436), France
| | - P Péran
- Toulouse Neuroimaging Center, Toulouse, France
| | - J Pariente
- Toulouse Neuroimaging Center, Toulouse, France; Department of Cognitive Neurology, Epilepsy and Movement Disorders, CHU Toulouse Purpan, France; Center of Clinical Investigation, CHU Toulouse Purpan (CIC1436), France
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bocancea DI, Svenningsson AL, van Loenhoud AC, Groot C, Barkhof F, Strandberg O, Smith R, La Joie R, Rosen HJ, Pontecorvo MJ, Rabinovici GD, van der Flier WM, Hansson O, Ossenkoppele R. Determinants of cognitive and brain resilience to tau pathology: a longitudinal analysis. Brain 2023; 146:3719-3734. [PMID: 36967222 PMCID: PMC10473572 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awad100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms of resilience against tau pathology in individuals across the Alzheimer's disease spectrum are insufficiently understood. Longitudinal data are necessary to reveal which factors relate to preserved cognition (i.e. cognitive resilience) and brain structure (i.e. brain resilience) despite abundant tau pathology, and to clarify whether these associations are cross-sectional or longitudinal. We used a longitudinal study design to investigate the role of several demographic, biological and brain structural factors in yielding cognitive and brain resilience to tau pathology as measured with PET. In this multicentre study, we included 366 amyloid-β-positive individuals with mild cognitive impairment or Alzheimer's disease dementia with baseline 18F-flortaucipir-PET and longitudinal cognitive assessments. A subset (n = 200) additionally underwent longitudinal structural MRI. We used linear mixed-effects models with global cognition and cortical thickness as dependent variables to investigate determinants of cognitive resilience and brain resilience, respectively. Models assessed whether age, sex, years of education, APOE-ε4 status, intracranial volume (and cortical thickness for cognitive resilience models) modified the association of tau pathology with cognitive decline or cortical thinning. We found that the association between higher baseline tau-PET levels (quantified in a temporal meta-region of interest) and rate of cognitive decline (measured with repeated Mini-Mental State Examination) was adversely modified by older age (Stβinteraction = -0.062, P = 0.032), higher education level (Stβinteraction = -0.072, P = 0.011) and higher intracranial volume (Stβinteraction = -0.07, P = 0.016). Younger age, higher education and greater cortical thickness were associated with better cognitive performance at baseline. Greater cortical thickness was furthermore associated with slower cognitive decline independent of tau burden. Higher education also modified the negative impact of tau-PET on cortical thinning, while older age was associated with higher baseline cortical thickness and slower rate of cortical thinning independent of tau. Our analyses revealed no (cross-sectional or longitudinal) associations for sex and APOE-ε4 status on cognition and cortical thickness. In this longitudinal study of clinically impaired individuals with underlying Alzheimer's disease neuropathological changes, we identified education as the most robust determinant of both cognitive and brain resilience against tau pathology. The observed interaction with tau burden on cognitive decline suggests that education may be protective against cognitive decline and brain atrophy at lower levels of tau pathology, with a potential depletion of resilience resources with advancing pathology. Finally, we did not find major contributions of sex to brain nor cognitive resilience, suggesting that previous links between sex and resilience might be mainly driven by cross-sectional differences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana I Bocancea
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Anna C van Loenhoud
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Colin Groot
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Lund University, 211 46 Lund, Sweden
| | - Frederik Barkhof
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Queen Square Institute of Neurology and Center for Medical Image Computing, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Olof Strandberg
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Lund University, 211 46 Lund, Sweden
| | - Ruben Smith
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Lund University, 211 46 Lund, Sweden
- Department of Neurology, Skåne University Hospital, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Renaud La Joie
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Howard J Rosen
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | | | - Gil D Rabinovici
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Wiesje M van der Flier
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Oskar Hansson
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Lund University, 211 46 Lund, Sweden
- Memory Clinic, Skåne University Hospital, 214 28 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Rik Ossenkoppele
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Neurology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC location VUmc, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Lund University, 211 46 Lund, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Vila-Castelar C, Chen Y, Langella S, Lopera F, Zetterberg H, Hansson O, Dage JL, Janelidzde S, Su Y, Chen K, McDowell CP, Martinez JE, Ramirez-Gomez L, Garcia G, Aguillon D, Baena A, Giraldo-Chica M, Protas HD, Ghisays V, Rios-Romenets S, Tariot PN, Blennow K, Reiman EM, Quiroz YT. Sex differences in blood biomarkers and cognitive performance in individuals with autosomal dominant Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement 2023; 19:4127-4138. [PMID: 37279390 PMCID: PMC10527358 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Plasma tau phosphorylated at threonine 217 (P-tau217) and neurofilament light (NfL) have emerged as markers of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. Few studies have examined the role of sex in plasma biomarkers in sporadic AD, yielding mixed findings, and none in autosomal dominant AD. METHODS We examined the effects of sex and age on plasma P-tau217 and NfL, and their association with cognitive performance in a cross-sectional study of 621 Presenilin-1 E280A mutation carriers (PSEN1) and non-carriers. RESULTS As plasma P-tau217 levels increase, cognitively unimpaired female carriers showed better cognitive performance than cognitively unimpaired male carriers. Yet, as disease progresses, female carriers had a greater plasma NfL increase than male carriers. There were no sex differences in the association between age and plasma biomarkers among non-carriers. DISCUSSION Our findings suggest that, among PSEN1 mutation carriers, females had a greater rate of neurodegeneration than males, yet it did not predict cognitive performance. HIGHLIGHTS We examined sex differences in plasma P-tau217 and NfL in Presenilin-1 E280A (PSEN1) mutation carriers and non-carriers. Female carriers had a greater plasma NfL increase, but not P-tau217, than male carriers. As plasma P-tau217 levels increase, cognitively unimpaired female carriers showed better cognitive performance than cognitively unimpaired male carriers. The interaction effect of sex by plasma NfL levels did not predict cognition among carriers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clara Vila-Castelar
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Yinghua Chen
- Banner Alzheimer’s Institute, Phoenix, AZ, 85718, USA
| | - Stephanie Langella
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Francisco Lopera
- Grupo de Neurociencias de Antioquia, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, 1226, Colombia
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, 405 30, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, 405 30, Sweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
- Hong Kong Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Oskar Hansson
- Memory Clinic, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, 214 28, Sweden
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, 205 02, Sweden
| | - Jeffrey L. Dage
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | | | - Yi Su
- Banner Alzheimer’s Institute, Phoenix, AZ, 85718, USA
| | - Kewei Chen
- Banner Alzheimer’s Institute, Phoenix, AZ, 85718, USA
| | - Celina Pluim McDowell
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, 02215, MA
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02115, MA
| | - Jairo E. Martinez
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, 02215, MA
| | | | - Gloria Garcia
- Grupo de Neurociencias de Antioquia, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, 1226, Colombia
| | - David Aguillon
- Grupo de Neurociencias de Antioquia, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, 1226, Colombia
| | - Ana Baena
- Grupo de Neurociencias de Antioquia, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, 1226, Colombia
| | | | | | | | - Silvia Rios-Romenets
- Grupo de Neurociencias de Antioquia, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, 1226, Colombia
| | | | - Kaj Blennow
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, 405 30, Sweden
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, 405 30, Sweden
| | | | - Yakeel T. Quiroz
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
- Grupo de Neurociencias de Antioquia, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, 1226, Colombia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Lamontagne-Kam D, Ulfat AK, Hervé V, Vu TM, Brouillette J. Implication of tau propagation on neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1219299. [PMID: 37483337 PMCID: PMC10360202 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1219299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Propagation of tau fibrils correlate closely with neurodegeneration and memory deficits seen during the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although it is not well-established what drives or attenuates tau spreading, new studies on human brain using positron emission tomography (PET) have shed light on how tau phosphorylation, genetic factors, and the initial epicenter of tau accumulation influence tau accumulation and propagation throughout the brain. Here, we review the latest PET studies performed across the entire AD continuum looking at the impact of amyloid load on tau pathology. We also explore the effects of structural, functional, and proximity connectivity on tau spreading in a stereotypical manner in the brain of AD patients. Since tau propagation can be quite heterogenous between individuals, we then consider how the speed and pattern of propagation are influenced by the starting localization of tau accumulation in connected brain regions. We provide an overview of some genetic variants that were shown to accelerate or slow down tau spreading. Finally, we discuss how phosphorylation of certain tau epitopes affect the spreading of tau fibrils. Since tau pathology is an early event in AD pathogenesis and is one of the best predictors of neurodegeneration and memory impairments, understanding the process by which tau spread from one brain region to another could pave the way to novel therapeutic avenues that are efficient during the early stages of the disease, before neurodegeneration induces permanent brain damage and severe memory loss.
Collapse
|
12
|
Williams T, Bathe T, Vo Q, Sacilotto P, McFarland K, Ruiz AJ, Hery GP, Sullivan P, Borchelt DR, Prokop S, Chakrabarty P. Humanized APOE genotypes influence lifespan independently of tau aggregation in the P301S mouse model of tauopathy. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2023; 11:99. [PMID: 37337279 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-023-01581-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein (APOE) E4 isoform is a major risk factor of Alzheimer's disease and contributes to metabolic and neuropathological abnormalities during brain aging. To provide insights into whether APOE4 genotype is related to tau-associated neurodegeneration, we have generated human P301S mutant tau transgenic mice (PS19) that carry humanized APOE alleles (APOE2, APOE3 or APOE4). In aging mice that succumbed to paralysis, PS19 mice homozygous for APOE3 had the longest lifespan when compared to APOE4 and APOE2 homozygous mice (APOE3 > APOE4 ~ APOE2). Heterozygous mice with one human APOE and one mouse Apoe allele did not show any variations in lifespan. At end-stage, PS19 mice homozygous for APOE3 and APOE4 showed equivalent levels of phosphorylated tau burden, inflammation levels and ventricular volumes. Compared to these cohorts, PS19 mice homozygous for APOE2 showed lower induction of phosphorylation on selective epitopes, though the effect sizes were small and variable. In spite of this, the APOE2 cohort showed shorter lifespan relative to APOE3 homozygous mice. None of the cohorts accumulated appreciable levels of phosphorylated tau compartmentalized in the insoluble cell fraction. RNAseq analysis showed that the induction of immune gene expression was comparable across all the APOE genotypes in PS19 mice. Notably, the APOE4 homozygous mice showed additional induction of transcripts corresponding to the Alzheimer's disease-related plaque-induced gene signature. In human Alzheimer's disease brain tissues, we found no direct correlation between higher burden of phosphorylated tau and APOE4 genotype. As expected, there was a strong correlation between phosphorylated tau burden with amyloid deposition in APOE4-positive Alzheimer's disease cases. Overall, our results indicate that APOE3 genotype may confer some resilience to tauopathy, while APOE4 and APOE2 may act through multiple pathways to increase the pathogenicity in the context of tauopathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tristan Williams
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- Eli Lilly & Company, Indianapolis, IN, 46285, USA
| | - Tim Bathe
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Quan Vo
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Patricia Sacilotto
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Karen McFarland
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Alejandra Jolie Ruiz
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Gabriela P Hery
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | | | - David R Borchelt
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Stefan Prokop
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- Department of Pathology, Immunology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32608, USA
| | - Paramita Chakrabarty
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
- McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Oatman SR, Reddy JS, Quicksall Z, Carrasquillo MM, Wang X, Liu CC, Yamazaki Y, Nguyen TT, Malphrus K, Heckman M, Biswas K, Nho K, Baker M, Martens YA, Zhao N, Kim JP, Risacher SL, Rademakers R, Saykin AJ, DeTure M, Murray ME, Kanekiyo T, Dickson DW, Bu G, Allen M, Ertekin-Taner N. Genome-wide association study of brain biochemical phenotypes reveals distinct genetic architecture of Alzheimer's disease related proteins. Mol Neurodegener 2023; 18:2. [PMID: 36609403 PMCID: PMC9825010 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-022-00592-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is neuropathologically characterized by amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. The main protein components of these hallmarks include Aβ40, Aβ42, tau, phosphor-tau, and APOE. We hypothesize that genetic variants influence the levels and solubility of these AD-related proteins in the brain; identifying these may provide key insights into disease pathogenesis. METHODS Genome-wide genotypes were collected from 441 AD cases, imputed to the haplotype reference consortium (HRC) panel, and filtered for quality and frequency. Temporal cortex levels of five AD-related proteins from three fractions, buffer-soluble (TBS), detergent-soluble (Triton-X = TX), and insoluble (Formic acid = FA), were available for these same individuals. Variants were tested for association with each quantitative biochemical measure using linear regression, and GSA-SNP2 was used to identify enriched Gene Ontology (GO) terms. Implicated variants and genes were further assessed for association with other relevant variables. RESULTS We identified genome-wide significant associations at seven novel loci and the APOE locus. Genes and variants at these loci also associate with multiple AD-related measures, regulate gene expression, have cell-type specific enrichment, and roles in brain health and other neuropsychiatric diseases. Pathway analysis identified significant enrichment of shared and distinct biological pathways. CONCLUSIONS Although all biochemical measures tested reflect proteins core to AD pathology, our results strongly suggest that each have unique genetic architecture and biological pathways that influence their specific biochemical states in the brain. Our novel approach of deep brain biochemical endophenotype GWAS has implications for pathophysiology of proteostasis in AD that can guide therapeutic discovery efforts focused on these proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie R. Oatman
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA
| | - Joseph S. Reddy
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL USA
| | - Zachary Quicksall
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL USA
| | | | - Xue Wang
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL USA
| | - Chia-Chen Liu
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA
| | - Yu Yamazaki
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA
| | - Thuy T. Nguyen
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA
| | - Kimberly Malphrus
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA
| | - Michael Heckman
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL USA
| | - Kristi Biswas
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA
| | - Kwangsik Nho
- Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
- School of Informatics and Computing, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - Matthew Baker
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA
| | - Yuka A. Martens
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA
| | - Na Zhao
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA
| | - Jun Pyo Kim
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - Shannon L. Risacher
- Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - Rosa Rademakers
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA
- VIB-UA Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Andrew J. Saykin
- Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - Michael DeTure
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA
| | - Melissa E. Murray
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA
| | - Takahisa Kanekiyo
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA
| | - for the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL USA
- Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
- School of Informatics and Computing, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
- VIB-UA Center for Molecular Neurology, VIB, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Birdsall 3, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA
| | - Dennis W. Dickson
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA
| | - Guojun Bu
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA
| | - Mariet Allen
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA
| | - Nilüfer Ertekin-Taner
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Birdsall 3, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Young CB, Johns E, Kennedy G, Belloy ME, Insel PS, Greicius MD, Sperling RA, Johnson KA, Poston KL, Mormino EC. APOE effects on regional tau in preclinical Alzheimer's disease. Mol Neurodegener 2023; 18:1. [PMID: 36597122 PMCID: PMC9811772 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-022-00590-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND APOE variants are strongly associated with abnormal amyloid aggregation and additional direct effects of APOE on tau aggregation are reported in animal and human cell models. The degree to which these effects are present in humans when individuals are clinically unimpaired (CU) but have abnormal amyloid (Aβ+) remains unclear. METHODS We analyzed data from CU individuals in the Anti-Amyloid Treatment in Asymptomatic AD (A4) and Longitudinal Evaluation of Amyloid Risk and Neurodegeneration (LEARN) studies. Amyloid PET data were available for 4486 participants (3163 Aβ-, 1323 Aβ+) and tau PET data were available for a subset of 447 participants (55 Aβ-, 392 Aβ+). Linear models examined APOE (number of e2 and e4 alleles) associations with global amyloid and regional tau burden in medial temporal lobe (entorhinal, amygdala) and early neocortical regions (inferior temporal, inferior parietal, precuneus). Consistency of APOE4 effects on regional tau were examined in 220 Aβ + CU and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) participants from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI). RESULTS APOE2 and APOE4 were associated with lower and higher amyloid positivity rates, respectively. Among Aβ+ CU, e2 and e4 were associated with reduced (-12 centiloids per allele) and greater (+15 centiloids per allele) continuous amyloid burden, respectively. APOE2 was associated with reduced regional tau in all regions (-0.05 to -0.09 SUVR per allele), whereas APOE4 was associated with greater regional tau (+0.02 to +0.07 SUVR per allele). APOE differences were confirmed by contrasting e3/e3 with e2/e3 and e3/e4. Mediation analyses among Aβ+ s showed that direct effects of e2 on regional tau were present in medial temporal lobe and early neocortical regions, beyond an indirect pathway mediated by continuous amyloid burden. For e4, direct effects on regional tau were only significant in medial temporal lobe. The magnitude of protective e2 effects on regional tau was consistent across brain regions, whereas detrimental e4 effects were greatest in medial temporal lobe. APOE4 patterns were confirmed in Aβ+ ADNI participants. CONCLUSIONS APOE influences early regional tau PET burden, above and beyond effects related to cross-sectional amyloid PET burden. Therapeutic strategies targeting underlying mechanisms related to APOE may modify tau accumulation among Aβ+ individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina B Young
- Stanford University School of Medicine, 453 Quarry Rd., Palo Alto, Stanford, CA, 94304, USA.
| | - Emily Johns
- Stanford University School of Medicine, 453 Quarry Rd., Palo Alto, Stanford, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Gabriel Kennedy
- Stanford University School of Medicine, 453 Quarry Rd., Palo Alto, Stanford, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Michael E Belloy
- Stanford University School of Medicine, 453 Quarry Rd., Palo Alto, Stanford, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Philip S Insel
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michael D Greicius
- Stanford University School of Medicine, 453 Quarry Rd., Palo Alto, Stanford, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Reisa A Sperling
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Keith A Johnson
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kathleen L Poston
- Stanford University School of Medicine, 453 Quarry Rd., Palo Alto, Stanford, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Elizabeth C Mormino
- Stanford University School of Medicine, 453 Quarry Rd., Palo Alto, Stanford, CA, 94304, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Davies C, Tulloch J, Yip E, Currie L, Colom-Cadena M, Wegmann S, Hyman BT, Wilkins L, Hooley M, Tzioras M, Spires-Jones TL. Apolipoprotein E isoform does not influence trans-synaptic spread of tau pathology in a mouse model. Brain Neurosci Adv 2023; 7:23982128231191046. [PMID: 37600228 PMCID: PMC10433884 DOI: 10.1177/23982128231191046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
A key hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau in neurofibrillary tangles. This occurs alongside neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Pathological tau propagates through the AD brain in a defined manner, which correlates with neuron and synapse loss and cognitive decline. One proposed mechanism of tau spread is through synaptically connected brain structures. Apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4) genotype is the strongest genetic risk factor for late-onset AD and is associated with increased tau burden. Whether the apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype influences neurodegeneration via tau spread is currently unknown. Here, we demonstrate that virally expressed human tau (with the P301L mutation) injected into mouse entorhinal cortex at 5-6 months or 15-16 months of age spreads trans-synaptically to the hippocampus by 14 weeks post-injection. Injections of tau in mice expressing human APOE2, APOE3 or APOE4, as well as APOE knock-outs, showed that tau can spread trans-synaptically in all genotypes and that APOE genotype and age do not affect the spread of tau. These data suggest that APOE genotype is not directly linked to synaptic spread of tau in our model, but other mechanisms involving non-cell autonomous manners of tau spread are still possible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin Davies
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences and UK Dementia Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jane Tulloch
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences and UK Dementia Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ellie Yip
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences and UK Dementia Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Lydia Currie
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences and UK Dementia Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Marti Colom-Cadena
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences and UK Dementia Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Susanne Wegmann
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Berlin, Germany
| | - Bradley T Hyman
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lewis Wilkins
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences and UK Dementia Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Monique Hooley
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences and UK Dementia Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Makis Tzioras
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences and UK Dementia Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Tara L Spires-Jones
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences and UK Dementia Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Guo Y, Yang YX, Zhang YR, Huang YY, Chen KL, Chen SD, Dong PQ, Yu JT. Genome-wide association study of brain tau deposition as measured by 18F-flortaucipir positron emission tomography imaging. Neurobiol Aging 2022; 120:128-136. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2022.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
17
|
Vila-Castelar C, Tariot PN, Sink KM, Clayton D, Langbaum JB, Thomas RG, Chen Y, Su Y, Chen K, Hu N, Giraldo-Chica M, Tobón C, Acosta-Baena N, Luna E, Londoño M, Ospina P, Tirado V, Muñoz C, Henao E, Bocanegra Y, Alvarez S, Rios-Romenets S, Ghisays V, Goradia D, Lee W, Luo J, Malek-Ahmadi MH, Protas HD, Lopera F, Reiman EM, Quiroz YT. Sex differences in cognitive resilience in preclinical autosomal-dominant Alzheimer's disease carriers and non-carriers: Baseline findings from the API ADAD Colombia Trial. Alzheimers Dement 2022; 18:2272-2282. [PMID: 35103388 PMCID: PMC9339586 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Females may have greater susceptibility to Alzheimer's disease (AD)-pathology. We examined the effect of sex on pathology, neurodegeneration, and memory in cognitively-unimpaired Presenilin-1 (PSEN1) E280A mutation carriers and non-carriers. METHODS We analyzed baseline data from 167 mutation carriers and 75 non-carriers (ages 30 to 53) from the Alzheimer's Prevention Initiative Autosomal Dominant AD Trial, including florbetapir- and fludeoxyglucose-PET, MRI based hippocampal volume and cognitive testing. RESULTS Females exhibited better delayed recall than males, controlling for age, precuneus glucose metabolism, and mutation status, although the effect was not significant among PSEN1 mutation carriers only. APOE ε4 did not modify the effect of sex on AD biomarkers and memory. DISCUSSION Our findings suggest that, among cognitively-unimpaired individuals at genetic risk for autosomal-dominant AD, females may have greater cognitive resilience to AD pathology and neurodegeneration than males. Further investigation of sex-specific differences in autosomal-dominant AD is key to elucidating mechanisms of AD risk and resilience.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yi Su
- Banner Alzheimer’s Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Kewei Chen
- Banner Alzheimer’s Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Nan Hu
- Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Carlos Tobón
- Grupo de Neurociencias de Antioquia of Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, CO
| | | | - Ernesto Luna
- Grupo de Neurociencias de Antioquia of Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, CO
| | - Marisol Londoño
- Grupo de Neurociencias de Antioquia of Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, CO
| | - Paula Ospina
- Grupo de Neurociencias de Antioquia of Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, CO
| | - Victoria Tirado
- Grupo de Neurociencias de Antioquia of Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, CO
| | - Claudia Muñoz
- Grupo de Neurociencias de Antioquia of Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, CO
| | - Eliana Henao
- Grupo de Neurociencias de Antioquia of Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, CO
| | - Yamile Bocanegra
- Grupo de Neurociencias de Antioquia of Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, CO
| | | | | | | | | | - Wendy Lee
- Banner Alzheimer’s Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Ji Luo
- Banner Alzheimer’s Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | | | | | - Francisco Lopera
- Grupo de Neurociencias de Antioquia of Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, CO
| | | | - Yakeel T. Quiroz
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Banner Alzheimer’s Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
The central role of tau in Alzheimer’s disease: From neurofibrillary tangle maturation to the induction of cell death. Brain Res Bull 2022; 190:204-217. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2022.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
19
|
Fernández-Calle R, Konings SC, Frontiñán-Rubio J, García-Revilla J, Camprubí-Ferrer L, Svensson M, Martinson I, Boza-Serrano A, Venero JL, Nielsen HM, Gouras GK, Deierborg T. APOE in the bullseye of neurodegenerative diseases: impact of the APOE genotype in Alzheimer's disease pathology and brain diseases. Mol Neurodegener 2022; 17:62. [PMID: 36153580 PMCID: PMC9509584 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-022-00566-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
ApoE is the major lipid and cholesterol carrier in the CNS. There are three major human polymorphisms, apoE2, apoE3, and apoE4, and the genetic expression of APOE4 is one of the most influential risk factors for the development of late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). Neuroinflammation has become the third hallmark of AD, together with Amyloid-β plaques and neurofibrillary tangles of hyperphosphorylated aggregated tau protein. This review aims to broadly and extensively describe the differential aspects concerning apoE. Starting from the evolution of apoE to how APOE's single-nucleotide polymorphisms affect its structure, function, and involvement during health and disease. This review reflects on how APOE's polymorphisms impact critical aspects of AD pathology, such as the neuroinflammatory response, particularly the effect of APOE on astrocytic and microglial function and microglial dynamics, synaptic function, amyloid-β load, tau pathology, autophagy, and cell-cell communication. We discuss influential factors affecting AD pathology combined with the APOE genotype, such as sex, age, diet, physical exercise, current therapies and clinical trials in the AD field. The impact of the APOE genotype in other neurodegenerative diseases characterized by overt inflammation, e.g., alpha- synucleinopathies and Parkinson's disease, traumatic brain injury, stroke, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and multiple sclerosis, is also addressed. Therefore, this review gathers the most relevant findings related to the APOE genotype up to date and its implications on AD and CNS pathologies to provide a deeper understanding of the knowledge in the APOE field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosalía Fernández-Calle
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Experimental Neuroinflammation Laboratory, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sabine C. Konings
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Experimental Dementia Research Unit, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Javier Frontiñán-Rubio
- Oxidative Stress and Neurodegeneration Group, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Juan García-Revilla
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Experimental Neuroinflammation Laboratory, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Departamento de Bioquímica Y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, and Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla-Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Lluís Camprubí-Ferrer
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Experimental Neuroinflammation Laboratory, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Martina Svensson
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Experimental Neuroinflammation Laboratory, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Isak Martinson
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Experimental Neuroinflammation Laboratory, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Antonio Boza-Serrano
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Experimental Neuroinflammation Laboratory, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Departamento de Bioquímica Y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, and Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla-Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - José Luís Venero
- Departamento de Bioquímica Y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, and Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla-Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Henrietta M. Nielsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics at, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gunnar K. Gouras
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Experimental Dementia Research Unit, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Tomas Deierborg
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Experimental Neuroinflammation Laboratory, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ramanan VK, Heckman MG, Lesnick TG, Przybelski SA, Cahn EJ, Kosel ML, Murray ME, Mielke MM, Botha H, Graff-Radford J, Jones DT, Lowe VJ, Machulda MM, Jack CR, Knopman DS, Petersen RC, Ross OA, Vemuri P. Tau polygenic risk scoring: a cost-effective aid for prognostic counseling in Alzheimer's disease. Acta Neuropathol 2022; 143:571-583. [PMID: 35412102 PMCID: PMC9109940 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-022-02419-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Tau deposition is one of two hallmark features of biologically defined Alzheimer's disease (AD) and is more closely related to cognitive decline than amyloidosis. Further, not all amyloid-positive individuals develop tauopathy, resulting in wide heterogeneity in clinical outcomes across the population with AD. We hypothesized that a polygenic risk score (PRS) based on tau PET (tau PRS) would capture the aggregate inherited susceptibility/resistance architecture influencing tau accumulation, beyond solely the measurement of amyloid-β burden. Leveraging rich multimodal data from a population-based sample of older adults, we found that this novel tau PRS was a strong surrogate of tau PET deposition and captured a significant proportion of the variance in tau PET levels as compared with amyloid PET burden, APOE (apolipoprotein E) ε4 (the most common risk allele for AD), and a non-APOE PRS of clinical case-control AD risk variants. In independent validation samples, the tau PRS was associated with cerebrospinal fluid phosphorylated tau levels in one cohort and with postmortem Braak neurofibrillary tangle stage in another. We also observed an association of the tau PRS with longitudinal cognitive trajectories, including a statistical interaction of the tau PRS with amyloid burden on cognitive decline. Although additional study is warranted, these findings demonstrate the potential utility of a tau PRS for capturing the collective genetic background influencing tau deposition in the general population. In the future, a tau PRS could be leveraged for cost-effective screening and risk stratification to guide trial enrollment and clinical interventions in AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vijay K Ramanan
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic-Minnesota, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
| | - Michael G Heckman
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic-Florida, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Timothy G Lesnick
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic-Minnesota, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Scott A Przybelski
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic-Minnesota, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Elliot J Cahn
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic-Minnesota, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Matthew L Kosel
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic-Minnesota, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Melissa E Murray
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic-Florida, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Michelle M Mielke
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic-Minnesota, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic-Minnesota, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Hugo Botha
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic-Minnesota, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Jonathan Graff-Radford
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic-Minnesota, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - David T Jones
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic-Minnesota, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic-Minnesota, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Val J Lowe
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic-Minnesota, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Mary M Machulda
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic-Minnesota, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Clifford R Jack
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic-Minnesota, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - David S Knopman
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic-Minnesota, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Ronald C Petersen
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic-Minnesota, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic-Minnesota, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Owen A Ross
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic-Florida, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic-Florida, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Prashanthi Vemuri
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic-Florida, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA.
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic-Minnesota, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Williams T, Ruiz AJ, Ruiz AM, Vo Q, Tsering W, Xu G, McFarland K, Giasson BI, Sullivan P, Borchelt DR, Chakrabarty P. Impact of APOE genotype on prion-type propagation of tauopathy. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2022; 10:57. [PMID: 35440098 PMCID: PMC9019935 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-022-01359-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein (APOE) is a major risk factor of Alzheimer's disease (AD), with the E2, E3 and E4 isoforms differentially regulating the burden of AD-associated neuropathologies, such as amyloid β and tau. In AD, pathological tau is thought to spread along neuroanatomic connections following a prion-like mechanism. To provide insights into whether APOE isoforms differentially regulate the prion properties of tau and determine trans-synaptic transmission of tauopathy, we have generated human P301S mutant tau transgenic mice (PS19) that carry human APOE (APOE2, APOE3 or APOE4) or mouse Apoe allele. Mice received intrahippocamal injections of preformed aggregates of K18-tau at young ages, which were analyzed 5 months post-inoculation. Compared to the parental PS19 mice with mouse Apoe alleles, PS19 mice expressing human APOE alleles generally responded to K18-tau seeding with more intense AT8 immunoreactive phosphorylated tau athology. APOE3 homozygous mice accumulated higher levels of AT8-reactive ptau and microgliosis relative to APOE2 or APOE4 homozygotes (E3 > E4~2). PS19 mice that were heterozygous for APOE3 showed similar results, albeit to a lesser degree. In the timeframe of our investigation, we did not observe significant induction of argentophilic or MC1-reactive neurofibrillary tau tangle in PS19 mice homozygous for human APOE. To our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive study in rodent models that provides neuropathological insights into the dose-dependent effect of APOE isoforms on phosphorylated tau pathology induced by recombinant tau prions.
Collapse
|
22
|
Lim YY, Maruff P, Barthélemy NR, Goate A, Hassenstab J, Sato C, Fagan AM, Benzinger TLS, Xiong C, Cruchaga C, Levin J, Farlow MR, Graff-Radford NR, Laske C, Masters CL, Salloway S, Schofield PR, Morris JC, Bateman RJ, McDade E. Association of BDNF Val66Met With Tau Hyperphosphorylation and Cognition in Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Disease. JAMA Neurol 2022; 79:261-270. [PMID: 35099506 PMCID: PMC8804973 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2021.5181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Allelic variation in the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) Val66Met polymorphism moderates increases in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of tau and phosphorylated tau 181 (p-tau181), measured using immunoassay, and cognitive decline in presymptomatic dominantly inherited Alzheimer disease (DIAD). Advances in mass spectrometry show that CSF tau phosphorylation occupancy at threonine 181 and 217 (p-tau181/tau181, p-tau217/tau217) increases with initial β-amyloid (Aβ) aggregation, while phosphorylation occupancy at threonine 205 (p-tau205/tau205) and level of total tau increase when brain atrophy and clinical symptoms become evident. OBJECTIVE To determine whether site-specific tau phosphorylation occupancy (ratio of phosphorylated to unphosphorylated tau) is associated with BDNF Val66Met in presymptomatic and symptomatic DIAD. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This cross-sectional cohort study included participants from the Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network (DIAN) and Aβ-positive cognitively normal older adults in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI). Data were collected from 2009 through 2018 at multicenter clinical sites in the United States, United Kingdom, and Australia, with no follow-up. DIAN participants provided a CSF sample and completed clinical and cognitive assessments. Data analysis was conducted between March 2020 and March 2021. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Mass spectrometry analysis was used to determine site-specific tau phosphorylation level; tau levels were also measured using immunoassay. Episodic memory and global cognitive composites were computed. RESULTS Of 374 study participants, 144 were mutation noncarriers, 156 were presymptomatic mutation carriers, and 74 were symptomatic carriers. Of the 527 participants in the network, 153 were excluded because their CSF sample, BDNF status, or both were unavailable. Also included were 125 Aβ-positive cognitively normal older adults in the ADNI. The mean (SD) age of DIAD participants was 38.7 (10.9) years; 43% were women. The mean (SD) age of participants with preclinical sporadic AD was 74.8 (5.6) years; 52% were women. In presymptomatic mutation carriers, compared with Val66 homozygotes, Met66 carriers showed significantly poorer episodic memory (d = 0.62; 95% CI, 0.28-0.95), lower hippocampal volume (d = 0.40; 95% CI, 0.09-0.71), and higher p-tau217/tau217 (d = 0.64; 95% CI, 0.30-0.97), p-tau181/tau181 (d = 0.65; 95% CI, 0.32-0.99), and mass spectrometry total tau (d = 0.43; 95% CI, 0.10-0.76). In symptomatic mutation carriers, Met66 carriers showed significantly poorer global cognition (d = 1.17; 95% CI, 0.65-1.66) and higher p-tau217/tau217 (d = 0.53; 95% CI, 0.05-1.01), mass spectrometry total tau (d = 0.78; 95% CI, 0.28-1.25), and p-tau205/tau205 (d = 0.97; 95% CI, 0.46-1.45), when compared with Val66 homozygotes. In preclinical sporadic AD, Met66 carriers showed poorer episodic memory (d = 0.39; 95% CI, 0.00-0.77) and higher total tau (d = 0.45; 95% CI, 0.07-0.84) and p-tau181 (d = 0.46; 95% CI, 0.07-0.85). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE In DIAD, clinical disease stage and BDNF Met66 were associated with cognitive impairment and levels of site-specific tau phosphorylation. This suggests that pharmacological strategies designed to increase neurotrophic support in the presymptomatic stages of AD may be beneficial.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yen Ying Lim
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul Maruff
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia,Cogstate Ltd, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicolas R. Barthélemy
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Alison Goate
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Jason Hassenstab
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Chihiro Sato
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Anne M. Fagan
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Tammie L. S. Benzinger
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Chengjie Xiong
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Carlos Cruchaga
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Johannes Levin
- Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | | | | | - Christoph Laske
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Munich, Germany,Section for Dementia Research, Department of Cellular Neurology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Colin L. Masters
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephen Salloway
- Butler Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island,Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Peter R. Schofield
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia,School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - John C. Morris
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Randall J. Bateman
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Eric McDade
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Yang J, Sui H, Jiao R, Zhang M, Zhao X, Wang L, Deng W, Liu X. Random-Forest-Algorithm-Based Applications of the Basic Characteristics and Serum and Imaging Biomarkers to Diagnose Mild Cognitive Impairment. Curr Alzheimer Res 2022; 19:76-83. [PMID: 35088670 PMCID: PMC9189735 DOI: 10.2174/1567205019666220128120927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background
Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is considered the early stage of Alzheimer's Disease (AD). The purpose of our study was to analyze the basic characteristics and serum and imaging biomarkers for the diagnosis of MCI patients as a more objective and accurate approach. Methods
The Montreal Cognitive Test was used to test 119 patients aged ≥65. Such serum biomarkers were detected as preprandial blood glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol, Aβ1-40, Aβ1-42, and P-tau. All the subjects were scanned with 1.5T MRI (GE Healthcare, WI, USA) to obtain DWI, DTI, and ASL images. DTI was used to calculate the anisotropy fraction (FA), DWI was used to calculate the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), and ASL was used to calculate the cerebral blood flow (CBF). All the images were then registered to the SPACE of the Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI). In 116 brain regions, the medians of FA, ADC, and CBF were extracted by automatic anatomical labeling. The basic characteristics included gender, education level, and previous disease history of hypertension, diabetes, and coronary heart disease. The data were randomly divided into training sets and test ones. The recursive random forest algorithm was applied to the diagnosis of MCI patients, and the recursive feature elimination (RFE) method was used to screen the significant basic features and serum and imaging biomarkers. The overall accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity were calculated, respectively, and so were the ROC curve and the area under the curve (AUC) of the test set. Results
When the variable of the MCI diagnostic model was an imaging biomarker, the training accuracy of the random forest was 100%, the correct rate of the test was 86.23%, the sensitivity was 78.26%, and the specificity was 100%. When combining the basic characteristics, the serum and imaging biomarkers as variables of the MCI diagnostic model, the training accuracy of the random forest was found to be 100%; the test accuracy was 97.23%, the sensitivity was 94.44%, and the specificity was 100%. RFE analysis showed that age, Aβ1-40, and cerebellum_4_6 were the most important basic feature, serum biomarker, imaging biomarker, respectively. Conclusion
Imaging biomarkers can effectively diagnose MCI. The diagnostic capacity of the basic trait biomarkers or serum biomarkers for MCI is limited, but their combination with imaging biomarkers can improve the diagnostic capacity, as indicated by the sensitivity of 94.44% and the specificity of 100% in our model. As a machine learning method, a random forest can help diagnose MCI effectively while screening important influencing factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Yang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Pudong New Area People's Hospital,Shanghai, 201299, China
| | - Haijing Sui
- Department of Radiology, Shanghai Pudong New Area People's Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ronghong Jiao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Shanghai Pudong New Area People's Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Zhang
- hcit.ai Co., Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohui Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Pudong New Area People's Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingling Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Pudong New Area People's Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenping Deng
- Huawei Technology Co., Ltd Co, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueyuan Liu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Pudong New Area People's Hospital,Shanghai, 201299, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Wang R, Oh JM, Motovylyak A, Ma Y, Sager MA, Rowley HA, Johnson KM, Gallagher CL, Carlsson CM, Bendlin BB, Johnson SC, Asthana S, Eisenmenger L, Okonkwo OC. Impact of sex and APOE ε4 on age-related cerebral perfusion trajectories in cognitively asymptomatic middle-aged and older adults: A longitudinal study. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2021; 41:3016-3027. [PMID: 34102919 PMCID: PMC8545048 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x211021313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Cerebral hypoperfusion is thought to contribute to cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease, but the natural trajectory of cerebral perfusion in cognitively healthy adults has not been well-studied. This longitudinal study is consisted of 950 participants (40-89 years), who were cognitively unimpaired at their first visit. We investigated the age-related changes in cerebral perfusion, and their associations with APOE-genotype, biological sex, and cardiometabolic measurements. During the follow-up period (range 0.13-8.24 years), increasing age was significantly associated with decreasing cerebral perfusion, in total gray-matter (β=-1.43), hippocampus (-1.25), superior frontal gyrus (-1.70), middle frontal gyrus (-1.99), posterior cingulate (-2.46), and precuneus (-2.14), with all P-values < 0.01. Compared with male-ɛ4 carriers, female-ɛ4 carriers showed a faster decline in global and regional cerebral perfusion with increasing age, whereas the age-related decline in cerebral perfusion was similar between male- and female-ɛ4 non-carriers. Worse cardiometabolic profile (i.e., increased blood pressure, body mass index, total cholesterol, and blood glucose) was associated with lower cerebral perfusion at all the visits. When time-varying cardiometabolic measurements were adjusted in the model, the synergistic effect of sex and APOE-ɛ4 on age-related cerebral perfusion-trajectories became largely attenuated. Our findings demonstrate that APOE-genotype and sex interactively impact cerebral perfusion-trajectories in mid- to late-life. This effect may be partially explained by cardiometabolic alterations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- The Swedish School of Sport and Health Science, GIH, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jennifer M Oh
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Alice Motovylyak
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Yue Ma
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Mark A Sager
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Howard A Rowley
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kevin M Johnson
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Catherine L Gallagher
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Cynthia M Carlsson
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Barbara B Bendlin
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sterling C Johnson
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sanjay Asthana
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Laura Eisenmenger
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Ozioma C Okonkwo
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center, William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin Alzheimer’s Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Chan MY, Han L, Carreno CA, Zhang Z, Rodriguez RM, LaRose M, Hassenstab J, Wig GS. Long-term prognosis and educational determinants of brain network decline in older adult individuals. NATURE AGING 2021; 1:1053-1067. [PMID: 35382259 PMCID: PMC8979545 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-021-00125-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Older adults with lower education are at greater risk for dementia. It is unclear which brain changes lead to these outcomes. Longitudinal imaging-based measures of brain structure and function were examined in adult individuals (baseline age, 45-86 years; two to five visits per participant over 1-9 years). College degree completion differentiates individual-based and neighborhood-based measures of socioeconomic status and disadvantage. Older adults (~65 years and over) without a college degree exhibit a pattern of declining large-scale functional brain network organization (resting-state system segregation) that is less evident in their college-educated peers. Declining brain system segregation predicts impending changes in dementia severity, measured up to 10 years past the last scan date. The prognostic value of brain network change is independent of Alzheimer's disease (AD)-related genetic risk (APOE status), the presence of AD-associated pathology (cerebrospinal fluid phosphorylated tau, cortical amyloid) and cortical thinning. These results demonstrate that the trajectory of an individual's brain network organization varies in relation to their educational attainment and, more broadly, is a unique indicator of individual brain health during older age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Micaela Y. Chan
- Center for Vital Longevity and School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Liang Han
- Center for Vital Longevity and School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Claudia A. Carreno
- Center for Vital Longevity and School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Ziwei Zhang
- Center for Vital Longevity and School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Rebekah M. Rodriguez
- Center for Vital Longevity and School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Megan LaRose
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jason Hassenstab
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Gagan S. Wig
- Center for Vital Longevity and School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Diagnosis Test Meta-Analysis for Apolipoprotein E in Alzheimer's Disease. DISEASE MARKERS 2021; 2020:6486031. [PMID: 33101544 PMCID: PMC7569444 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6486031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Methods Databases including PubMed, EMBASE, Google Scholar, Wanfang Med online, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and China Biomedical Literature Database (CBM) were searched for literatures in English or Chinese. No limitations on the date. The sensitivity, specificity, likelihood ratio, and diagnostic odds ratio were pooled for meta-analysis. The symmetric receiver operator characteristic curve (SROC) and Fagan's Nomogram were drawn, and metaregression and subgroup analysis were used to explore the source of heterogeneity. Results A total of 13 studies, including 2662 cases and 8843 controls, were analyzed. The combined sensitivity (SEN) was 0.62 (95% CI (0.58-0.66)), specificity (SPE) was 0.84 (95% CI (0.81-0.86)), the positive likelihood ratio was 3.8 (95% CI (3.3-4.3)), and the negative likelihood ratio was 0.45 (95% CI (0.41-0.49)). The area under the ROC curve was 0.80, and the diagnostic ratio (DOR) was 8. Neither publication bias was detected in Deeks' funnel plot, nor threshold effect was shown in the SROC. Metaregression analysis showed that the diagnostic methods, experimental design, and sample size contributed to the heterogeneity in SEN, while the diagnostic methods, experimental design, blind evaluation on test results, and sample size contributed to the heterogeneity in SPE. When the pretest probability was set as 50%, the posterior probability in Fagan's Nomogram was 79%, the positive likelihood ratio (LRP) was 5, and the negative likelihood ratio (LRN) was 0.42. Conclusions AD could neither be confirmed nor excluded by the APOE genotype test. The sensitivity and specificity of the APOE gene test were relatively low in the diagnosis of AD. The diagnostic value of APOE ε4 gene in AD was moderate; it might play an important role in the prevention of AD.
Collapse
|
27
|
Chen XR, Shao Y, Sadowski MJ. Segmented Linear Mixed Model Analysis Reveals Association of the APOEɛ4 Allele with Faster Rate of Alzheimer's Disease Dementia Progression. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 82:921-937. [PMID: 34120907 PMCID: PMC8461709 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background: APOEɛ4 allele carriers present with an increased risk for late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD), show cognitive symptoms at an earlier age, and are more likely to transition from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to dementia but despite this, it remains unclear whether or not the ɛ4 allele controls the rate of disease progression. Objective: To determine the effects of the ɛ4 allele on rates of cognitive decline and brain atrophy during MCI and dementia stages of AD. Methods: A segmented linear mixed model was chosen for longitudinal modeling of cognitive and brain volumetric data of 73 ɛ3/ɛ3, 99 ɛ3/ɛ4, and 39 ɛ4/ɛ4 Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative participants who transitioned during the study from MCI to AD dementia. Results: ɛ4 carriers showed faster decline on MMSE, ADAS-11, CDR-SB, and MoCA scales, with the last two measures showing significant ɛ4 allele-dose effects after dementia transition but not during MCI. The ɛ4 effect was more prevalent in younger participants and in females. ɛ4 carriers also demonstrated faster rates of atrophy of the whole brain, the hippocampus, the entorhinal cortex, the middle temporal gyrus, and expansion of the ventricles after transitioning to dementia but not during MCI. Conclusion: Possession of the ɛ4 allele is associated with a faster progression of dementia due to AD. Our observations support the notion that APOE genotype not only controls AD risk but also differentially regulates mechanisms of neurodegeneration underlying disease advancement. Furthermore, our findings carry significance for AD clinical trial design.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- X Richard Chen
- University of Rochester School of Medicine & Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Yongzhao Shao
- Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Environmental Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Martin J Sadowski
- Department of Neurology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Niu J, Iqbal K, Liu F, Hu W. Rats Display Sexual Dimorphism in Phosphorylation of Brain Tau with Age. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 82:855-869. [PMID: 34092647 DOI: 10.3233/jad-210341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Women have a two-fold higher risk than men to Alzheimer's disease (AD) at midlife. Larger brain tau burden was consistently shown in older women than age-matched men. The biological basis for this gender disparity remains elusive. OBJECTIVE We sought to know whether tau expression and phosphorylation physiologically differ between males and females. METHODS We used western blots and immunohistochemistry to compare the levels of total tau and phosphorylated tau in the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex (EC) between sexes in Wistar rats at 40 days, and 8 and 20 months of age. RESULTS We detected no statistically significant difference in total tau, 3R-tau, and 4R-tau between sexes. However, female rats exhibited lower levels of tau unphosphorylated at the Tau-1 site at 40 days of age. At 8 months of age, females showed higher levels of tau phosphorylated at Ser190, Ser387, and Ser395 (Ser199, Ser396, and Ser404 of human tau, respectively) than males in EC. At 20 months of age, both brain regions of female rats consistently showed higher levels than males of tau phosphorylated at Ser253, Ser387, PHF-1 (Ser387/395), and Ser413 sites, which correspond to Ser262, Ser396, Ser396/404, and Ser422 of human tau, respectively. CONCLUSION Rats of both sexes have comparable levels of total tau, 3R-tau, and 4R-tau, whereas females exhibit higher levels of tau phosphorylated at multiple sites that are implicated in AD tau pathology, indicating a sexual dimorphism of tau phosphorylation that may potentially underlie the disparity in brain tau burden and risk for AD between sexes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Niu
- Department of Neurochemistry, Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, USA
| | - Khalid Iqbal
- Department of Neurochemistry, Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, USA
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Neurochemistry, Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, USA
| | - Wen Hu
- Department of Neurochemistry, Inge Grundke-Iqbal Research Floor, New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, Staten Island, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Wisse LEM, Ravikumar S, Ittyerah R, Lim S, Lane J, Bedard ML, Xie L, Das SR, Schuck T, Grossman M, Lee EB, Tisdall MD, Prabhakaran K, Detre JA, Mizsei G, Trojanowski JQ, Artacho-Pérula E, de Iñiguez de Onzono Martin MM, M Arroyo-Jiménez M, Muñoz Lopez M, Molina Romero FJ, P Marcos Rabal M, Cebada Sánchez S, Delgado González JC, de la Rosa Prieto C, Córcoles Parada M, Wolk DA, Irwin DJ, Insausti R, Yushkevich PA. Downstream effects of polypathology on neurodegeneration of medial temporal lobe subregions. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2021; 9:128. [PMID: 34289895 PMCID: PMC8293481 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-021-01225-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The medial temporal lobe (MTL) is a nidus for neurodegenerative pathologies and therefore an important region in which to study polypathology. We investigated associations between neurodegenerative pathologies and the thickness of different MTL subregions measured using high-resolution post-mortem MRI. Tau, TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43), amyloid-β and α-synuclein pathology were rated on a scale of 0 (absent)-3 (severe) in the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex (ERC) of 58 individuals with and without neurodegenerative diseases (median age 75.0 years, 60.3% male). Thickness measurements in ERC, Brodmann Area (BA) 35 and 36, parahippocampal cortex, subiculum, cornu ammonis (CA)1 and the stratum radiatum lacunosum moleculare (SRLM) were derived from 0.2 × 0.2 × 0.2 mm3 post-mortem MRI scans of excised MTL specimens from the contralateral hemisphere using a semi-automated approach. Spearman's rank correlations were performed between neurodegenerative pathologies and thickness, correcting for age, sex and hemisphere, including all four proteinopathies in the model. We found significant associations of (1) TDP-43 with thickness in all subregions (r = - 0.27 to r = - 0.46), and (2) tau with BA35 (r = - 0.31) and SRLM thickness (r = - 0.33). In amyloid-β and TDP-43 negative cases, we found strong significant associations of tau with ERC (r = - 0.40), BA35 (r = - 0.55), subiculum (r = - 0.42) and CA1 thickness (r = - 0.47). This unique dataset shows widespread MTL atrophy in relation to TDP-43 pathology and atrophy in regions affected early in Braak stageing and tau pathology. Moreover, the strong association of tau with thickness in early Braak regions in the absence of amyloid-β suggests a role of Primary Age-Related Tauopathy in neurodegeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L E M Wisse
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Lund University, Klinikgatan 13b, Lund, Sweden.
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA.
| | - S Ravikumar
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - R Ittyerah
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - S Lim
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - J Lane
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - M L Bedard
- Department of Pharmacology, University of North Carolina At Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, USA
| | - L Xie
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - S R Das
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - T Schuck
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - M Grossman
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - E B Lee
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - M D Tisdall
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - K Prabhakaran
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - J A Detre
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - G Mizsei
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - J Q Trojanowski
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - E Artacho-Pérula
- Human Neuroanatomy Laboratory, Neuromax CSIC Associated Unit, University of Castilla La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | | | - M M Arroyo-Jiménez
- Human Neuroanatomy Laboratory, Neuromax CSIC Associated Unit, University of Castilla La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - M Muñoz Lopez
- Human Neuroanatomy Laboratory, Neuromax CSIC Associated Unit, University of Castilla La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - F J Molina Romero
- Human Neuroanatomy Laboratory, Neuromax CSIC Associated Unit, University of Castilla La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - M P Marcos Rabal
- Human Neuroanatomy Laboratory, Neuromax CSIC Associated Unit, University of Castilla La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - S Cebada Sánchez
- Human Neuroanatomy Laboratory, Neuromax CSIC Associated Unit, University of Castilla La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - J C Delgado González
- Human Neuroanatomy Laboratory, Neuromax CSIC Associated Unit, University of Castilla La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - C de la Rosa Prieto
- Human Neuroanatomy Laboratory, Neuromax CSIC Associated Unit, University of Castilla La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - M Córcoles Parada
- Human Neuroanatomy Laboratory, Neuromax CSIC Associated Unit, University of Castilla La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - D A Wolk
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - D J Irwin
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - R Insausti
- Human Neuroanatomy Laboratory, Neuromax CSIC Associated Unit, University of Castilla La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - P A Yushkevich
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Wolters EE, Dodich A, Boccardi M, Corre J, Drzezga A, Hansson O, Nordberg A, Frisoni GB, Garibotto V, Ossenkoppele R. Clinical validity of increased cortical uptake of [ 18F]flortaucipir on PET as a biomarker for Alzheimer's disease in the context of a structured 5-phase biomarker development framework. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2021; 48:2097-2109. [PMID: 33547556 PMCID: PMC8175307 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-020-05118-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In 2017, the Geneva Alzheimer's disease (AD) Biomarker Roadmap initiative adapted the framework of the systematic validation of oncological diagnostic biomarkers to AD biomarkers, with the aim to accelerate their development and implementation in clinical practice. With this work, we assess the maturity of [18F]flortaucipir PET and define its research priorities. METHODS The level of maturity of [18F]flortaucipir was assessed based on the AD Biomarker Roadmap. The framework assesses analytical validity (phases 1-2), clinical validity (phases 3-4), and clinical utility (phase 5). RESULTS The main aims of phases 1 (rationale for use) and 2 (discriminative ability) have been achieved. [18F]Flortaucipir binds with high affinity to paired helical filaments of tau and has favorable kinetic properties and excellent discriminative accuracy for AD. The majority of secondary aims of phase 2 were fully achieved. Multiple studies showed high correlations between ante-mortem [18F]flortaucipir PET and post-mortem tau (as assessed by histopathology), and also the effects of covariates on tracer binding are well studied. The aims of phase 3 (early detection ability) were only partially or preliminarily achieved, and the aims of phases 4 and 5 were not achieved. CONCLUSION Current literature provides partial evidence for clinical utility of [18F]flortaucipir PET. The aims for phases 1 and 2 were mostly achieved. Phase 3 studies are currently ongoing. Future studies including representative MCI populations and a focus on healthcare outcomes are required to establish full maturity of phases 4 and 5.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E E Wolters
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - A Dodich
- NIMTlab - Neuroimaging and Innovative Molecular Tracers Laboratory, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Centre for Mind/Brain Sciences-CIMeC, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy
| | - M Boccardi
- Late Translational Dementia Studies Group, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Rostock-Greifswald site, Rostock, Germany
| | - J Corre
- NIMTlab - Neuroimaging and Innovative Molecular Tracers Laboratory, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- CURIC, Centre Universitaire Romand d'Implants Cochléaires, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - A Drzezga
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-2), Molecular Organization of the Brain, Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn-Cologne, Germany
| | - O Hansson
- Memory Clinic, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - A Nordberg
- Division of Clinical Geriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - G B Frisoni
- LANVIE - Laboratory of Neuroimaging of Aging, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Memory Clinic, University Hospital, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - V Garibotto
- NIMTlab - Neuroimaging and Innovative Molecular Tracers Laboratory, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - R Ossenkoppele
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Ossenkoppele R, Leuzy A, Cho H, Sudre CH, Strandberg O, Smith R, Palmqvist S, Mattsson-Carlgren N, Olsson T, Jögi J, Stormrud E, Ryu YH, Choi JY, Boxer AL, Gorno-Tempini ML, Miller BL, Soleimani-Meigooni D, Iaccarino L, La Joie R, Borroni E, Klein G, Pontecorvo MJ, Devous MD, Villeneuve S, Lyoo CH, Rabinovici GD, Hansson O. The impact of demographic, clinical, genetic, and imaging variables on tau PET status. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2021; 48:2245-2258. [PMID: 33215319 PMCID: PMC8131404 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-020-05099-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE A substantial proportion of amyloid-β (Aβ)+ patients with clinically diagnosed Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) are tau PET-negative, while some clinically diagnosed non-AD neurodegenerative disorder (non-AD) patients or cognitively unimpaired (CU) subjects are tau PET-positive. We investigated which demographic, clinical, genetic, and imaging variables contributed to tau PET status. METHODS We included 2338 participants (430 Aβ+ AD dementia, 381 Aβ+ MCI, 370 non-AD, and 1157 CU) who underwent [18F]flortaucipir (n = 1944) or [18F]RO948 (n = 719) PET. Tau PET positivity was determined in the entorhinal cortex, temporal meta-ROI, and Braak V-VI regions using previously established cutoffs. We performed bivariate binary logistic regression models with tau PET status (positive/negative) as dependent variable and age, sex, APOEε4, Aβ status (only in CU and non-AD analyses), MMSE, global white matter hyperintensities (WMH), and AD-signature cortical thickness as predictors. Additionally, we performed multivariable binary logistic regression models to account for all other predictors in the same model. RESULTS Tau PET positivity in the temporal meta-ROI was 88.6% for AD dementia, 46.5% for MCI, 9.5% for non-AD, and 6.1% for CU. Among Aβ+ participants with AD dementia and MCI, lower age, MMSE score, and AD-signature cortical thickness showed the strongest associations with tau PET positivity. In non-AD and CU participants, presence of Aβ was the strongest predictor of a positive tau PET scan. CONCLUSION We identified several demographic, clinical, and neurobiological factors that are important to explain the variance in tau PET retention observed across the AD pathological continuum, non-AD neurodegenerative disorders, and cognitively unimpaired persons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rik Ossenkoppele
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Antoine Leuzy
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Hanna Cho
- Department of Neurology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Carole H Sudre
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Centre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Medical Physics, University College London, London, UK
| | - Olof Strandberg
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ruben Smith
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Niklas Mattsson-Carlgren
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Department of Neurology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Tomas Olsson
- Department of Radiation Physics, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jonas Jögi
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Erik Stormrud
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Memory Clinic, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Young Hoon Ryu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae Yong Choi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Division of applied RI, Korea Institute Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Adam L Boxer
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - Maria L Gorno-Tempini
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - Bruce L Miller
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - David Soleimani-Meigooni
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - Leonardo Iaccarino
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - Renaud La Joie
- Department of Neurology, Memory and Aging Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Sylvia Villeneuve
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neurology & Neurosurgery, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Chul Hyoung Lyoo
- Department of Neurology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Gil D Rabinovici
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Oskar Hansson
- Clinical Memory Research Unit, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
- Memory Clinic, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Shafer AT, Beason-Held L, An Y, Williams OA, Huo Y, Landman BA, Caffo BS, Resnick SM. Default mode network connectivity and cognition in the aging brain: the effects of age, sex, and APOE genotype. Neurobiol Aging 2021; 104:10-23. [PMID: 33957555 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2021.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The default mode network (DMN) overlaps with regions showing early Alzheimer's Disease (AD) pathology. Age, sex, and apolipoprotein E ɛ4 are the predominant risk factors for developing AD. How these risk factors interact to influence DMN connectivity and connectivity-cognition relationships before the onset of impairment remains unknown. Here, we examined these issues in 475 cognitively normal adults, targeting total DMN connectivity, its anticorrelated network (acDMN), and the DMN-hippocampal component. There were four main findings. First, in the ɛ3 homozygous group, lower DMN and acDMN connectivity was observed with age. Second, sex and ɛ4 modified the relationship between age and connectivity for the DMN and hippocampus with ɛ4 vs. ɛ3 males showing sustained or higher connectivity with age. Third, in the ɛ3 group, age and sex modified connectivity-cognition relationships with the oldest participants having the most differential patterns due to sex. Fourth, ɛ4 carriers with lower connectivity had poorer cognitive performance. Taken together, our results show the three predominant risk factors for AD interact to influence brain function and function-cognition relationships.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea T Shafer
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD.
| | - Lori Beason-Held
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD
| | - Yang An
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD
| | - Owen A Williams
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD
| | - Yuankai Huo
- Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Bennett A Landman
- Department of Electrical Engineering & Computer Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
| | - Brian S Caffo
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Susan M Resnick
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, MD.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Subramaniapillai S, Rajagopal S, Snytte J, Otto AR, Einstein G, Rajah MN. Sex differences in brain aging among adults with family history of Alzheimer's disease and APOE4 genetic risk. Neuroimage Clin 2021; 30:102620. [PMID: 33857772 PMCID: PMC8065341 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2021.102620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests that Alzheimer's Disease (AD) risk factors may differentially contribute to disease trajectory in women than men. Determining the effect of AD risk factors on brain aging in women, compared to men, is critical for understanding whether there are sex differences in the pathways towards AD in cognitively intact but at-risk adults. Brain Age Gap (BAG) is a concept used increasingly as a measure of brain health; BAG is defined as the difference between predicted age (based on structural MRI) and chronological age, with negative values reflecting preserved brain health with age. Using BAG, we investigated whether there were sex differences in the brain effects of AD risk factors (i.e., family history of AD, and carrying an apolipoprotein E ε4 allele [+APOE4]) in cognitively intact adults, and if this relationship was moderated by modifiable factors (i.e. body mass index [BMI], blood pressure and physical activity). We undertook a cross-sectional study of structural MRIs from 1067 cognitively normal adults across four neuroimaging datasets. An elastic net regression model found that women with a family history of AD and +APOE4 genotype had more advanced brain aging than their male counterparts. In a sub-cohort of women with those risk factors, higher BMI was associated with less brain aging whereas lower BMI was not. In a sub-cohort of women and men with +APOE4, engaging in physical activity was more beneficial to men's brain aging than women's. Our results demonstrate that AD risk factors are associated with greater brain aging in women than men, although there may be more unexplored modifiable factors that influence this relationship. These findings suggest that the complex interplay between unmodifiable and modifiable AD risk factors can potentially protect against brain aging in women and men.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sivaniya Subramaniapillai
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, 2001 Avenue McGill College, Montréal, QC H3A 1G1, Canada; Brain Imaging Centre, Douglas Institute Research Centre, 6875 LaSalle Blvd Verdun, Montréal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada.
| | - Sricharana Rajagopal
- Brain Imaging Centre, Douglas Institute Research Centre, 6875 LaSalle Blvd Verdun, Montréal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - Jamie Snytte
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, 2001 Avenue McGill College, Montréal, QC H3A 1G1, Canada; Brain Imaging Centre, Douglas Institute Research Centre, 6875 LaSalle Blvd Verdun, Montréal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada
| | - A Ross Otto
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, 2001 Avenue McGill College, Montréal, QC H3A 1G1, Canada
| | - Gillian Einstein
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, 100 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3G3, Canada; Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Hospital, 3560 Bathurst St, Toronto, ON M6A 2E1, Canada; Tema Genus, Linköping University, TEMA-huset, Entrance 37, Room E433, Campus Valla, Linköping, Sweden
| | - M Natasha Rajah
- Brain Imaging Centre, Douglas Institute Research Centre, 6875 LaSalle Blvd Verdun, Montréal, QC H4H 1R3, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, 1033 Avenue des Pins, Montréal, QC H3A 1A1, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Ossenkoppele R, Lyoo CH, Jester-Broms J, Sudre CH, Cho H, Ryu YH, Choi JY, Smith R, Strandberg O, Palmqvist S, Kramer J, Boxer AL, Gorno-Tempini ML, Miller BL, La Joie R, Rabinovici GD, Hansson O. Assessment of Demographic, Genetic, and Imaging Variables Associated With Brain Resilience and Cognitive Resilience to Pathological Tau in Patients With Alzheimer Disease. JAMA Neurol 2021; 77:632-642. [PMID: 32091549 PMCID: PMC7042808 DOI: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2019.5154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Question Which demographic, genetic, and neuroimaging factors are associated with cognitive and brain resilience to pathological tau in patients with Alzheimer disease? Findings In this multicenter, cross-sectional, longitudinal study of 260 cognitively impaired amyloid-β–positive participants, young age and female sex were associated with greater brain resilience, whereas higher educational level and cortical thickness were associated with greater cognitive resilience. Meaning Cognitive and brain resilience may be associated with differential mechanisms, which may help explain interindividual differences in how well patients tolerate pathological tau. Importance Better understanding is needed of the degree to which individuals tolerate Alzheimer disease (AD)–like pathological tau with respect to brain structure (brain resilience) and cognition (cognitive resilience). Objective To examine the demographic (age, sex, and educational level), genetic (APOE-ε4 status), and neuroimaging (white matter hyperintensities and cortical thickness) factors associated with interindividual differences in brain and cognitive resilience to tau positron emission tomography (PET) load and to changes in global cognition over time. Design, Setting, an Participants In this cross-sectional, longitudinal study, tau PET was performed from June 1, 2014, to November 30, 2017, and global cognition monitored for a mean [SD] interval of 2.0 [1.8] years at 3 dementia centers in South Korea, Sweden, and the United States. The study included amyloid-β–positive participants with mild cognitive impairment or AD dementia. Data analysis was performed from October 26, 2018, to December 11, 2019. Exposures Standard dementia screening, cognitive testing, brain magnetic resonance imaging, amyloid-β PET and cerebrospinal fluid analysis, and flortaucipir (tau) labeled with fluor-18 (18F) PET. Main Outcomes and Measures Separate linear regression models were performed between whole cortex [18F]flortaucipir uptake and cortical thickness, and standardized residuals were used to obtain a measure of brain resilience. The same procedure was performed for whole cortex [18F]flortaucipir uptake vs Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) as a measure of cognitive resilience. Bivariate and multivariable linear regression models were conducted with age, sex, educational level, APOE-ε4 status, white matter hyperintensity volumes, and cortical thickness as independent variables and brain and cognitive resilience measures as dependent variables. Linear mixed models were performed to examine whether changes in MMSE scores over time differed as a function of a combined brain and cognitive resilience variable. Results A total of 260 participants (145 [55.8%] female; mean [SD] age, 69.2 [9.5] years; mean [SD] MMSE score, 21.9 [5.5]) were included in the study. In multivariable models, women (standardized β = −0.15, P = .02) and young patients (standardized β = −0.20, P = .006) had greater brain resilience to pathological tau. Higher educational level (standardized β = 0.23, P < .001) and global cortical thickness (standardized β = 0.23, P < .001) were associated with greater cognitive resilience to pathological tau. Linear mixed models indicated a significant interaction of brain resilience × cognitive resilience × time on MMSE (β [SE] = −0.235 [0.111], P = .03), with steepest slopes for individuals with both low brain and cognitive resilience. Conclusions and Relevance Results of this study suggest that women and young patients with AD have relative preservation of brain structure when exposed to neocortical pathological tau. Interindividual differences in resilience to pathological tau may be important to disease progression because participants with both low brain and cognitive resilience had the most rapid cognitive decline over time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rik Ossenkoppele
- Lund University, Clinical Memory Research Unit, Lund, Sweden.,Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Chul Hyoung Lyoo
- Gangnam Severance Hospital, Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Carole H Sudre
- King's College London School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, London, United Kingdom.,Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, University College London Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom.,Centre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Medical Physics, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hanna Cho
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, University College London Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Young Hoon Ryu
- Gangnam Severance Hospital, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae Yong Choi
- Gangnam Severance Hospital, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Division of Applied RI, Korea Institute Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ruben Smith
- Lund University, Clinical Memory Research Unit, Lund, Sweden
| | - Olof Strandberg
- Lund University, Clinical Memory Research Unit, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Joel Kramer
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Adam L Boxer
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Maria L Gorno-Tempini
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Bruce L Miller
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Renaud La Joie
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Gil D Rabinovici
- Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco.,Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco.,Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California.,Associate Editor
| | - Oskar Hansson
- Lund University, Clinical Memory Research Unit, Lund, Sweden.,Memory Clinic, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Serrano-Pozo A, Das S, Hyman BT. APOE and Alzheimer's disease: advances in genetics, pathophysiology, and therapeutic approaches. Lancet Neurol 2021; 20:68-80. [PMID: 33340485 PMCID: PMC8096522 DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(20)30412-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 403] [Impact Index Per Article: 134.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The APOE ε4 allele remains the strongest genetic risk factor for sporadic Alzheimer's disease and the APOE ε2 allele the strongest genetic protective factor after multiple large scale genome-wide association studies and genome-wide association meta-analyses. However, no therapies directed at APOE are currently available. Although initial studies causally linked APOE with amyloid-β peptide aggregation and clearance, over the past 5 years our understanding of APOE pathogenesis has expanded beyond amyloid-β peptide-centric mechanisms to tau neurofibrillary degeneration, microglia and astrocyte responses, and blood-brain barrier disruption. Because all these pathological processes can potentially contribute to cognitive impairment, it is important to use this new knowledge to develop therapies directed at APOE. Several therapeutic approaches have been successful in mouse models expressing human APOE alleles, including increasing or reducing APOE levels, enhancing its lipidation, blocking the interactions between APOE and amyloid-β peptide, and genetically switching APOE4 to APOE3 or APOE2 isoforms, but translation to human clinical trials has proven challenging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Serrano-Pozo
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Massachusetts Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Charlestown, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sudeshna Das
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Massachusetts Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Charlestown, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bradley T Hyman
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Massachusetts Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Charlestown, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
La Joie R, Visani AV, Lesman-Segev OH, Baker SL, Edwards L, Iaccarino L, Soleimani-Meigooni DN, Mellinger T, Janabi M, Miller ZA, Perry DC, Pham J, Strom A, Gorno-Tempini ML, Rosen HJ, Miller BL, Jagust WJ, Rabinovici GD. Association of APOE4 and Clinical Variability in Alzheimer Disease With the Pattern of Tau- and Amyloid-PET. Neurology 2020; 96:e650-e661. [PMID: 33262228 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000011270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess whether Alzheimer disease (AD) clinical presentation and APOE4 relate to the burden and topography of β-amyloid (Aβ) and tau pathologies using in vivo PET imaging. METHODS We studied 119 Aβ-positive symptomatic patients aged 48-95 years, including 29 patients with logopenic variant primary progressive aphasia (lvPPA) and 21 with posterior cortical atrophy (PCA). Pittsburgh compound B (PiB)-Aβ and flortaucipir (tau)-PET standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR) images were created. General linear models assessed relationships between demographic/clinical variables (phenotype, age), APOE4, and PET (including global cortical and voxelwise SUVR values) while controlling for disease severity using the Clinical Dementia Rating Sum of Boxes. RESULTS PiB-PET binding showed a widespread cortical distribution with subtle differences across phenotypes and was unrelated to demographic/clinical variables or APOE4. Flortaucipir-PET was commonly elevated in temporoparietal regions, but showed marked phenotype-associated differences, with higher binding observed in occipito-parietal areas for PCA, in left temporal and inferior frontal for lvPPA, and in medial temporal areas for other AD. Cortical flortaucipir-PET binding was higher in younger patients across phenotypes (r = -0.63, 95% confidence interval [CI] -0.72, -0.50), especially in parietal and dorsal prefrontal cortices. The presence of APOE4 was associated with a focal medial temporal flortaucipir-SUVR increase, controlling for all other variables (entorhinal: + 0.310 SUVR, 95% CI 0.091, 0.530). CONCLUSIONS Clinical phenotypes are associated with differential patterns of tau but not amyloid pathology. Older age and APOE4 are not only risk factors for AD but also seem to affect disease expression by promoting a more medial temporal lobe-predominant pattern of tau pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renaud La Joie
- From the Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences (R.L.J., A.V.V., O.H.L.-V., L.E., L.I., D.N.S.-M., T.M., Z.A.M., D.C.P., J.P., A.S., M.L.G.-T., H.J.R., B.L.M., G.D.R.), and Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (G.D.R.), University of California, San Francisco; Department of Diagnostic Imaging (O.H.L.-V.), Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel; Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division (S.L.B., M.J., W.J.J., G.D.R.), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; and Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute (W.J.J., G.D.R.), University of California Berkeley.
| | - Adrienne V Visani
- From the Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences (R.L.J., A.V.V., O.H.L.-V., L.E., L.I., D.N.S.-M., T.M., Z.A.M., D.C.P., J.P., A.S., M.L.G.-T., H.J.R., B.L.M., G.D.R.), and Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (G.D.R.), University of California, San Francisco; Department of Diagnostic Imaging (O.H.L.-V.), Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel; Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division (S.L.B., M.J., W.J.J., G.D.R.), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; and Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute (W.J.J., G.D.R.), University of California Berkeley
| | - Orit H Lesman-Segev
- From the Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences (R.L.J., A.V.V., O.H.L.-V., L.E., L.I., D.N.S.-M., T.M., Z.A.M., D.C.P., J.P., A.S., M.L.G.-T., H.J.R., B.L.M., G.D.R.), and Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (G.D.R.), University of California, San Francisco; Department of Diagnostic Imaging (O.H.L.-V.), Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel; Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division (S.L.B., M.J., W.J.J., G.D.R.), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; and Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute (W.J.J., G.D.R.), University of California Berkeley
| | - Suzanne L Baker
- From the Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences (R.L.J., A.V.V., O.H.L.-V., L.E., L.I., D.N.S.-M., T.M., Z.A.M., D.C.P., J.P., A.S., M.L.G.-T., H.J.R., B.L.M., G.D.R.), and Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (G.D.R.), University of California, San Francisco; Department of Diagnostic Imaging (O.H.L.-V.), Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel; Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division (S.L.B., M.J., W.J.J., G.D.R.), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; and Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute (W.J.J., G.D.R.), University of California Berkeley
| | - Lauren Edwards
- From the Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences (R.L.J., A.V.V., O.H.L.-V., L.E., L.I., D.N.S.-M., T.M., Z.A.M., D.C.P., J.P., A.S., M.L.G.-T., H.J.R., B.L.M., G.D.R.), and Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (G.D.R.), University of California, San Francisco; Department of Diagnostic Imaging (O.H.L.-V.), Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel; Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division (S.L.B., M.J., W.J.J., G.D.R.), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; and Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute (W.J.J., G.D.R.), University of California Berkeley
| | - Leonardo Iaccarino
- From the Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences (R.L.J., A.V.V., O.H.L.-V., L.E., L.I., D.N.S.-M., T.M., Z.A.M., D.C.P., J.P., A.S., M.L.G.-T., H.J.R., B.L.M., G.D.R.), and Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (G.D.R.), University of California, San Francisco; Department of Diagnostic Imaging (O.H.L.-V.), Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel; Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division (S.L.B., M.J., W.J.J., G.D.R.), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; and Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute (W.J.J., G.D.R.), University of California Berkeley
| | - David N Soleimani-Meigooni
- From the Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences (R.L.J., A.V.V., O.H.L.-V., L.E., L.I., D.N.S.-M., T.M., Z.A.M., D.C.P., J.P., A.S., M.L.G.-T., H.J.R., B.L.M., G.D.R.), and Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (G.D.R.), University of California, San Francisco; Department of Diagnostic Imaging (O.H.L.-V.), Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel; Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division (S.L.B., M.J., W.J.J., G.D.R.), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; and Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute (W.J.J., G.D.R.), University of California Berkeley
| | - Taylor Mellinger
- From the Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences (R.L.J., A.V.V., O.H.L.-V., L.E., L.I., D.N.S.-M., T.M., Z.A.M., D.C.P., J.P., A.S., M.L.G.-T., H.J.R., B.L.M., G.D.R.), and Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (G.D.R.), University of California, San Francisco; Department of Diagnostic Imaging (O.H.L.-V.), Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel; Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division (S.L.B., M.J., W.J.J., G.D.R.), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; and Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute (W.J.J., G.D.R.), University of California Berkeley
| | - Mustafa Janabi
- From the Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences (R.L.J., A.V.V., O.H.L.-V., L.E., L.I., D.N.S.-M., T.M., Z.A.M., D.C.P., J.P., A.S., M.L.G.-T., H.J.R., B.L.M., G.D.R.), and Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (G.D.R.), University of California, San Francisco; Department of Diagnostic Imaging (O.H.L.-V.), Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel; Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division (S.L.B., M.J., W.J.J., G.D.R.), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; and Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute (W.J.J., G.D.R.), University of California Berkeley
| | - Zachary A Miller
- From the Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences (R.L.J., A.V.V., O.H.L.-V., L.E., L.I., D.N.S.-M., T.M., Z.A.M., D.C.P., J.P., A.S., M.L.G.-T., H.J.R., B.L.M., G.D.R.), and Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (G.D.R.), University of California, San Francisco; Department of Diagnostic Imaging (O.H.L.-V.), Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel; Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division (S.L.B., M.J., W.J.J., G.D.R.), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; and Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute (W.J.J., G.D.R.), University of California Berkeley
| | - David C Perry
- From the Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences (R.L.J., A.V.V., O.H.L.-V., L.E., L.I., D.N.S.-M., T.M., Z.A.M., D.C.P., J.P., A.S., M.L.G.-T., H.J.R., B.L.M., G.D.R.), and Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (G.D.R.), University of California, San Francisco; Department of Diagnostic Imaging (O.H.L.-V.), Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel; Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division (S.L.B., M.J., W.J.J., G.D.R.), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; and Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute (W.J.J., G.D.R.), University of California Berkeley
| | - Julie Pham
- From the Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences (R.L.J., A.V.V., O.H.L.-V., L.E., L.I., D.N.S.-M., T.M., Z.A.M., D.C.P., J.P., A.S., M.L.G.-T., H.J.R., B.L.M., G.D.R.), and Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (G.D.R.), University of California, San Francisco; Department of Diagnostic Imaging (O.H.L.-V.), Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel; Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division (S.L.B., M.J., W.J.J., G.D.R.), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; and Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute (W.J.J., G.D.R.), University of California Berkeley
| | - Amelia Strom
- From the Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences (R.L.J., A.V.V., O.H.L.-V., L.E., L.I., D.N.S.-M., T.M., Z.A.M., D.C.P., J.P., A.S., M.L.G.-T., H.J.R., B.L.M., G.D.R.), and Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (G.D.R.), University of California, San Francisco; Department of Diagnostic Imaging (O.H.L.-V.), Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel; Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division (S.L.B., M.J., W.J.J., G.D.R.), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; and Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute (W.J.J., G.D.R.), University of California Berkeley
| | - Maria Luisa Gorno-Tempini
- From the Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences (R.L.J., A.V.V., O.H.L.-V., L.E., L.I., D.N.S.-M., T.M., Z.A.M., D.C.P., J.P., A.S., M.L.G.-T., H.J.R., B.L.M., G.D.R.), and Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (G.D.R.), University of California, San Francisco; Department of Diagnostic Imaging (O.H.L.-V.), Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel; Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division (S.L.B., M.J., W.J.J., G.D.R.), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; and Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute (W.J.J., G.D.R.), University of California Berkeley
| | - Howard J Rosen
- From the Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences (R.L.J., A.V.V., O.H.L.-V., L.E., L.I., D.N.S.-M., T.M., Z.A.M., D.C.P., J.P., A.S., M.L.G.-T., H.J.R., B.L.M., G.D.R.), and Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (G.D.R.), University of California, San Francisco; Department of Diagnostic Imaging (O.H.L.-V.), Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel; Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division (S.L.B., M.J., W.J.J., G.D.R.), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; and Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute (W.J.J., G.D.R.), University of California Berkeley
| | - Bruce L Miller
- From the Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences (R.L.J., A.V.V., O.H.L.-V., L.E., L.I., D.N.S.-M., T.M., Z.A.M., D.C.P., J.P., A.S., M.L.G.-T., H.J.R., B.L.M., G.D.R.), and Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (G.D.R.), University of California, San Francisco; Department of Diagnostic Imaging (O.H.L.-V.), Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel; Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division (S.L.B., M.J., W.J.J., G.D.R.), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; and Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute (W.J.J., G.D.R.), University of California Berkeley
| | - William J Jagust
- From the Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences (R.L.J., A.V.V., O.H.L.-V., L.E., L.I., D.N.S.-M., T.M., Z.A.M., D.C.P., J.P., A.S., M.L.G.-T., H.J.R., B.L.M., G.D.R.), and Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (G.D.R.), University of California, San Francisco; Department of Diagnostic Imaging (O.H.L.-V.), Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel; Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division (S.L.B., M.J., W.J.J., G.D.R.), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; and Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute (W.J.J., G.D.R.), University of California Berkeley
| | - Gil D Rabinovici
- From the Memory and Aging Center, Department of Neurology, Weill Institute for Neurosciences (R.L.J., A.V.V., O.H.L.-V., L.E., L.I., D.N.S.-M., T.M., Z.A.M., D.C.P., J.P., A.S., M.L.G.-T., H.J.R., B.L.M., G.D.R.), and Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging (G.D.R.), University of California, San Francisco; Department of Diagnostic Imaging (O.H.L.-V.), Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel; Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division (S.L.B., M.J., W.J.J., G.D.R.), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; and Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute (W.J.J., G.D.R.), University of California Berkeley
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Baek MS, Cho H, Lee HS, Lee JH, Ryu YH, Lyoo CH. Effect of APOE ε4 genotype on amyloid-β and tau accumulation in Alzheimer's disease. ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY 2020; 12:140. [PMID: 33129364 PMCID: PMC7603688 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-020-00710-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Background To assess the effects of apolipoprotein E (ApoE) ε4 genotype on amyloid-β (Aβ) and tau burden and their longitudinal changes in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) spectrum. Methods Among 272 individuals who underwent PET scans (18F-florbetaben for Aβ and 18F-flortaucipir for tau) and ApoE genotyping, 187 individuals completed 2-year follow-up PET scans. After correcting for the partial volume effect, we compared the standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR) for Aβ and tau burden between the ε4+ and ε4− groups. By using a linear mixed-effect model, we measured changes in SUVR in the ApoE ε4+ and ε4− groups. Results The ε4+ group showed greater baseline Aβ burden in the diffuse cortical regions and greater tau burden in the lateral, and medial temporal, cingulate, and insula cortices. Tau accumulation rate was higher in the parietal, occipital, lateral, and medial temporal cortices in the ε4+ group. In Aβ+ individuals, baseline tau burden was greater in the medial temporal cortex, while Aβ burden was conversely greater in the ε4− group. Tau accumulation rate was higher in the ε4+ group in a small region in the lateral temporal cortex. The effect of ApoE ε4 on enhanced tau accumulation persisted even after adjusting for the global cortical Aβ burden. Conclusions Progressive tau accumulation may be more prominent in ε4 carriers, particularly in the medial and lateral temporal cortices. ApoE ε4 allele has differential effects on the Aβ burden depending on the existing amyloidosis and may enhance vulnerability to progressive tau accumulation in the AD spectrum independent of Aβ. Supplementary information Supplementary information accompanies this paper at 10.1186/s13195-020-00710-6.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Seok Baek
- Department of Neurology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 20 Eonjuro 63-gil, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hanna Cho
- Department of Neurology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 20 Eonjuro 63-gil, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hye Sun Lee
- Biostatistics Collaboration Unit, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae Hoon Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 20 Eonjuro 63-gil, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Hoon Ryu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 20 Eonjuro 63-gil, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chul Hyoung Lyoo
- Department of Neurology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 20 Eonjuro 63-gil, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Ramanan VK, Wang X, Przybelski SA, Raghavan S, Heckman MG, Batzler A, Kosel ML, Hohman TJ, Knopman DS, Graff-Radford J, Lowe VJ, Mielke MM, Jack CR, Petersen RC, Ross OA, Vemuri P. Variants in PPP2R2B and IGF2BP3 are associated with higher tau deposition. Brain Commun 2020; 2:fcaa159. [PMID: 33426524 PMCID: PMC7780444 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcaa159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Tau deposition is a key biological feature of Alzheimer's disease that is closely related to cognitive impairment. However, it remains poorly understood why certain individuals may be more susceptible to tau deposition while others are more resistant. The recent availability of in vivo assessment of tau burden through positron emission tomography provides an opportunity to test the hypothesis that common genetic variants may influence tau deposition. We performed a genome-wide association study of tau-positron emission tomography on a sample of 754 individuals over age 50 (mean age 72.4 years, 54.6% men, 87.6% cognitively unimpaired) from the population-based Mayo Clinic Study of Aging. Linear regression was performed to test nucleotide polymorphism associations with AV-1451 (18F-flortaucipir) tau-positron emission tomography burden in an Alzheimer's-signature composite region of interest, using an additive genetic model and covarying for age, sex and genetic principal components. Genome-wide significant associations with higher tau were identified for rs76752255 (P = 9.91 × 10-9, β = 0.20) in the tau phosphorylation regulatory gene PPP2R2B (protein phosphatase 2 regulatory subunit B) and for rs117402302 (P = 4.00 × 10-8, β = 0.19) near IGF2BP3 (insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein 3). The PPP2R2B association remained genome-wide significant after additionally covarying for global amyloid burden and cerebrovascular disease risk, while the IGF2BP3 association was partially attenuated after accounting for amyloid load. In addition to these discoveries, three single nucleotide polymorphisms within MAPT (microtubule-associated protein tau) displayed nominal associations with tau-positron emission tomography burden, and the association of the APOE (apolipoprotein E) ɛ4 allele with tau-positron emission tomography was marginally nonsignificant (P = 0.06, β = 0.07). No associations with tau-positron emission tomography burden were identified for other single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with Alzheimer's disease clinical diagnosis in prior large case-control studies. Our findings nominate PPP2R2B and IGF2BP3 as novel potential influences on tau pathology which warrant further functional characterization. Our data are also supportive of previous literature on the associations of MAPT genetic variation with tau, and more broadly supports the inference that tau accumulation may have a genetic architecture distinct from known Alzheimer's susceptibility genes, which may have implications for improved risk stratification and therapeutic targeting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vijay K Ramanan
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic-Minnesota, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Xuewei Wang
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic-Minnesota, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Scott A Przybelski
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic-Minnesota, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | | | - Michael G Heckman
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic-Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Anthony Batzler
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic-Minnesota, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Matthew L Kosel
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic-Minnesota, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Timothy J Hohman
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - David S Knopman
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic-Minnesota, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | | | - Val J Lowe
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic-Minnesota, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Michelle M Mielke
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic-Minnesota, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic-Minnesota, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Clifford R Jack
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic-Minnesota, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Ronald C Petersen
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic-Minnesota, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic-Minnesota, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Owen A Ross
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic-Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic-Florida, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Prashanthi Vemuri
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic-Minnesota, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Buckley RF, Scott MR, Jacobs HIL, Schultz AP, Properzi MJ, Amariglio RE, Hohman TJ, Mayblyum DV, Rubinstein ZB, Manning L, Hanseeuw BJ, Mormino EC, Rentz DM, Johnson KA, Sperling RA. Sex Mediates Relationships Between Regional Tau Pathology and Cognitive Decline. Ann Neurol 2020; 88:921-932. [PMID: 32799367 DOI: 10.1002/ana.25878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to examine sex differences in tau distribution across the brain of older adults, using positron emission tomography (PET), and investigate how these differences might associate with cognitive trajectories. METHODS Participants were 343 clinically normal individuals (women, 58%; 73.8 [8.5] years) and 55 individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI; women, 38%; 76.9 [7.3] years) from the Harvard Aging Brain Study and the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative. We examined 18 F-Flortaucipir (FTP)-positron emission tomography (PET) signal across 41 cortical and subcortical regions of interest (ROIs). Linear regression models estimated the effect of sex on FTP-signal for each ROI after adjusting for age and cohort. We also examined interactions between sex*Aβ-PET positive / negative (+ / -) and sex*apolipoprotein ε4 (APOEε4) status. Linear mixed models estimated the moderating effect of sex on the relationship between a composite of sex-differentiated tau ROIs and cognitive decline. RESULTS Women showed significantly higher FTP-signals than men across multiple regions of the cortical mantle (p < 0.007). β-amyloid (Aβ)-moderated sex differences in tau signal were localized to medial and inferio-lateral temporal regions (p < 0.007); Aβ + women exhibited greater FTP-signal than other groups. APOEε4-moderated sex differences in FTP-signal were only found in the lateral occipital lobe. Women with higher FTP-signals in composite ROI exhibited faster cognitive decline than men (p = 0.04). INTERPRETATION Tau vulnerability in women is not just limited to the medial temporal lobe and significantly contributed to greater risk of faster cognitive decline. Interactive effects of sex and Aβ were predominantly localized in the temporal lobe, however, sex differences in extra-temporal tau highlights the possibility of accelerated tau proliferation in women with the onset of clinical symptomatology. ANN NEUROL 2020;88:921-932.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel F Buckley
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Neurology, Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Boston, MA, USA.,Melbourne School of Psychological Science, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Matthew R Scott
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Heidi I L Jacobs
- Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Alzheimer Centre Limburg, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aaron P Schultz
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael J Properzi
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rebecca E Amariglio
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Neurology, Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Timothy J Hohman
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt Memory and Alzheimer's Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Danielle V Mayblyum
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Zoe B Rubinstein
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lyssa Manning
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bernard J Hanseeuw
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Neurology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Institute of Neuroscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Dorene M Rentz
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Neurology, Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Keith A Johnson
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Neurology, Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Reisa A Sperling
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Neurology, Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Digma LA, Madsen JR, Rissman RA, Jacobs DM, Brewer JB, Banks SJ. Women can bear a bigger burden: ante- and post-mortem evidence for reserve in the face of tau. Brain Commun 2020; 2:fcaa025. [PMID: 32337508 PMCID: PMC7166251 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcaa025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to assess whether women are able to withstand more tau before exhibiting verbal memory impairment. Using data from 121 amyloid-β-positive Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative participants, we fit a linear model with Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test score as the response variable and tau-PET standard uptake value ratio as the predictor and took the residuals as an estimate of verbal memory reserve for each subject. Women demonstrated higher reserve (i.e. residuals), whether the Learning (t = 2.78, P = 0.006) or Delay (t = 2.14, P = 0.03) score from the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test was used as a measure of verbal memory ability. To validate these findings, we examined 662 National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center participants with a C2/C3 score (Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease) at autopsy. We stratified our National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center sample into Braak 1/2, Braak 3/4 and Braak 5/6 subgroups. Within each subgroup, we compared Logical Memory scores between men and women. Men had worse verbal memory scores within the Braak 1/2 (Logical Memory Immediate: β = −5.960 ± 1.517, P < 0.001, Logical Memory Delay: β = −5.703 ± 1.677, P = 0.002) and Braak 3/4 (Logical Memory Immediate: β = −2.900 ± 0.938, P = 0.002, Logical Memory Delay: β = −2.672 ± 0.955, P = 0.006) subgroups. There were no sex differences in Logical Memory performance within the Braak 5/6 subgroup (Logical Memory Immediate: β = −0.314 ± 0.328, P = 0.34, Logical Memory Delay: β = −0.195 ± 0.287, P = 0.50). Taken together, our results point to a sex-related verbal memory reserve.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardino A Digma
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - John R Madsen
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Robert A Rissman
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.,Veteran's Administration San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Diane M Jacobs
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - James B Brewer
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.,Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Sarah J Banks
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Mezlini AM, Magdamo C, Merrill E, Chibnik LB, Blacker DL, Hyman BT, Das S. Characterizing Clinical and Neuropathological Traits of APOE Haplotypes in African Americans and Europeans. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 78:467-477. [PMID: 33016904 PMCID: PMC7774865 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The APOEɛ4 allele is the largest genetic risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recent literature suggested that the contribution of APOEɛ4 to AD risk could be population-specific, with ɛ4 conferring a lower risk to Blacks or African Americans. OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of APOE haplotypes on AD risk in individuals with European ancestry (EU) and Blacks or African Americans (AA). METHODS We selected data from 1) the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center: a total of 3,486 AD cases and 4,511 controls (N = 7,997, 60% female) with genotypes from the Alzheimer's Disease Genetics Consortium (ADGC), and 2) the Rush University Religious Orders Study and Memory and Aging Project (ROSMAP) cohort with 578 AD and 670 controls (N = 1,248, 60% female). Using ɛ3 homozygotes as the reference, we compared the association of various APOE haplotypes with the clinical and neuropathological correlates of dementia in AA and EU. RESULTS In both cohorts, we find no difference in the odds or age of onset of AD among the ɛ4-linked haplotypes defined by rs769449 within either AA or EU. Additionally, while APOEɛ4 was associated with a faster rate of decline, no differences were found in rate of decline, clinical or neuropathological features among the ɛ4-linked haplotypes. Further analysis with other variants near the APOE locus failed to identify any effect modification. CONCLUSION Our study finds similar effects of the ɛ4-linked haplotypes defined by rs769449 on AD as compared to ɛ3 in both AA and EU. Future studies are required to understand the heterogeneity of APOE conferred risk of AD among various genotypes and populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aziz M. Mezlini
- MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Colin Magdamo
- MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Emily Merrill
- MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Lori B. Chibnik
- MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Deborah L. Blacker
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bradley T. Hyman
- MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sudeshna Das
- MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Vila-Castelar C, Guzmán-Vélez E, Pardilla-Delgado E, Buckley RF, Bocanegra Y, Baena A, Fox-Fuller JT, Tirado V, Muñoz C, Giraldo M, Acosta-Baena N, Rios-Romenets S, Langbaum JB, Tariot PN, Lopera F, Reiman EM, Quiroz YT. Examining Sex Differences in Markers of Cognition and Neurodegeneration in Autosomal Dominant Alzheimer's Disease: Preliminary Findings from the Colombian Alzheimer's Prevention Initiative Biomarker Study. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 77:1743-1753. [PMID: 32925067 PMCID: PMC8075106 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growing evidence suggests that there may be a sex-specific biological risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Individuals with autosomal dominant AD due to a mutation (E280A) in Presenilin-1 (PSEN1) are genetically determined to develop early-onset dementia and thus, have few age-related risk factors for AD that are known to vary by sex (i.e., cardiovascular disease, menopause, life expectancy). OBJECTIVE Investigate sex differences in markers of cognition and neurodegeneration in autosomal dominant AD. METHODS We conducted a retrospective study in 19 cognitively-unimpaired PSEN1 mutation carriers (age range 20-44; 11 females), 11 symptomatic carriers (age range 42-56; 8 females), and 23 matched non-carriers family members (age range 20-50; 13 females). We examined hippocampal volume ratio, CERAD Total Score, and CERAD Word List (i.e., Learning, Delayed Recall, and Recognition). Mann-Whitney U tests, Spearman correlations and regression models were conducted. RESULTS There were no differential associations between age, CERAD Total Score, CERAD Word List-Learning, Delayed Recall, Recognition, and hippocampal volume ratio in male and female carriers and non-carriers. Cognitively-unimpaired female carriers showed better CERAD Total scores and CERAD Word List-Learning than cognitively-unimpaired male carriers, despite having similar hippocampal volume ratios. The interaction of sex and hippocampal volume ratio did not predict cognitive performance across groups. CONCLUSION Our preliminary findings suggest that cognitively-unimpaired female carriers showed a verbal memory reserve, and as disease progresses, female carriers did not exhibit a cognitive susceptibility to AD-related neurodegeneration. Future studies with larger samples of autosomal dominant AD are warranted to further understand sex differences in AD-related clinical and pathological markers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clara Vila-Castelar
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edmarie Guzmán-Vélez
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Rachel F Buckley
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yamile Bocanegra
- Grupo de Neurociencias de Antioquia, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Ana Baena
- Grupo de Neurociencias de Antioquia, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Joshua T Fox-Fuller
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Victoria Tirado
- Grupo de Neurociencias de Antioquia, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Claudia Muñoz
- Grupo de Neurociencias de Antioquia, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Margarita Giraldo
- Grupo de Neurociencias de Antioquia, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Natalia Acosta-Baena
- Grupo de Neurociencias de Antioquia, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Silvia Rios-Romenets
- Grupo de Neurociencias de Antioquia, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | | | | | - Francisco Lopera
- Grupo de Neurociencias de Antioquia, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | | | - Yakeel T Quiroz
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Grupo de Neurociencias de Antioquia, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| |
Collapse
|