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Zhang B, Wu H, Zhang C, Wan L, Yang G. Prevalence Trends and Treatment Patterns of Autism Spectrum Disorder Among Children and Adolescents in the United States from 2017 to 2020. Neurol Ther 2024:10.1007/s40120-024-00665-y. [PMID: 39369113 DOI: 10.1007/s40120-024-00665-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 09/17/2024] [Indexed: 10/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) poses a significant challenge due to its diverse impact on individuals, emphasizing the need for personalized treatment plans. The financial burden of ASD-related healthcare is substantial, necessitating a comprehensive understanding of its prevalence and evolving trends. METHODS This study aims to analyze the prevalence and trends of ASD, treatment patterns, gender differences, and racial-ethnic disparities in the United States from 2017 to 2020, utilizing nationally representative data from the National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH). The NSCH, a leading annual national survey, provided rich data on child health. A total of 108,142 participants aged 3-17 years were included, with ASD prevalence assessed based on self-reported diagnoses. RESULTS Between 2017 and 2020, ASD prevalence in children aged 3-17 was 2.94% (95% confidence interval: 2.68-3.18). Significant disparities were observed: older age and male gender correlated with higher prevalence, while family income-to-poverty ratio and insurance coverage influenced prevalence. Racial/ethnic disparities existed, with Hispanics showing the highest prevalence. Treatment trends showed stability overall, but age influenced behavioral and medication interventions. The prevalence remained stable from 2017 to 2020, with variations in age groups and a significant increase among non-Hispanic Whites. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights a higher but stable overall ASD prevalence, with nuanced disparities among different demographic groups. Gender differences persist, emphasizing the need for tailored interventions. Racial-ethnic disparities call for targeted healthcare strategies. The stability in treatment trends underscores the persistent challenge of addressing core ASD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Statistics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Cancan Zhang
- Division of General Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lin Wan
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Senior Department of Pediatrics, The Seventh Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
- Senior Department of Pediatrics, The Seventh Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China.
- Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Xiong Y, O'Brien M, Yang W, Zang X, Bao W, Xu G. Prevalence of Tourette syndrome among children and adolescents in the United States, 2016-2022. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:2699. [PMID: 39363167 PMCID: PMC11451533 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-20216-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 09/27/2024] [Indexed: 10/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tourette syndrome (TS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder. The prevalence of TS in 2016-2017 has been reported; however, little is known about the current prevalence and trend in children and adolescents with TS. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and trend of Tourette syndrome (TS) among US children and adolescents aged 0-17 years from 2016 to 2022. METHODS We analyzed data from a nationally representative sample of 278,472 children and adolescents aged 0-17 years who participated in the 2016-2022 National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH), a nationwide, population-based, cross-sectional survey of US children and adolescents. TS was defined as the affirmative response in the questionnaire completed by a parent or guardian. RESULTS Among the 278,472 children and adolescents enrolled, 754 had been diagnosed with TS, with an overall prevalence of 0.23% in all children and adolescents aged 0-17 years. The weighted prevalence by age group was lower than 0.01% in children aged 0-2 years, 0.05% in children aged 3-5 years, 0.28% in children aged 6-11 years, and 0.38% in adolescents aged 12-17 years. There were significant sex and racial/ethnic differences in the overall prevalence of diagnosed TS (i.e., 0.35% in boys and 0.11% in girls, 0.22% in Hispanics, 0.28% in non-Hispanic whites and 0.16% in non-Hispanic blacks). There was no significant change in the estimated prevalence of TS from 2016 to 2022. CONCLUSION Based on nationally representative data, this study found that the national prevalence of TS among the US children and adolescents differed by sex and race/ethnicity but remained stable from 2016 to 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhong Xiong
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei City, 230001, China
| | - Matthew O'Brien
- Center for Disabilities and Development, University of Iowa Stead Family Children's Hospital, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Wenhan Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Zang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei City, 230001, China
| | - Wei Bao
- Institute of Public Health Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei City, China
| | - Guifeng Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei City, 230001, China.
- Center for Disabilities and Development, University of Iowa Stead Family Children's Hospital, Iowa City, IA, USA.
- Institute of Public Health Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei City, China.
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Megari K, Frantzezou CK, Polyzopoulou ZA, Tzouni SK. Neurocognitive features in childhood & adulthood in autism spectrum disorder: A neurodiversity approach. Int J Dev Neurosci 2024; 84:471-499. [PMID: 38953464 DOI: 10.1002/jdn.10356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with a diverse profile of cognitive functions. Heterogeneity is observed among both baseline and comorbid features concerning the diversity of neuropathology in autism. Symptoms vary depending on the developmental stage, level of severity, or comorbidity with other medical or psychiatric diagnoses such as intellectual disability, epilepsy, and anxiety disorders. METHOD The neurodiversity movement does not face variations in neurological and cognitive development in ASD as deficits but as normal non-pathological human variations. Thus, ASD is not identified as a neurocognitive pathological disorder that deviates from the typical, but as a neuro-individuality, a normal manifestation of a neurobiological variation within the population. RESULTS In this light, neurodiversity is described as equivalent to any other human variation, such as ethnicity, gender, or sexual orientation. This review will provide insights about the neurodiversity approach in children and adults with ASD. Using a neurodiversity approach can be helpful when working with children who have autism spectrum disorder (ASD). DISCUSSION This method acknowledges and values the various ways that people with ASD interact with one another and experience the world in order to embrace the neurodiversity approach when working with children with ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalliopi Megari
- Department of Psychology, CITY College, University of York, Europe Campus, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Zoi A Polyzopoulou
- Department of Psychology, University of Western Macedonia, Florina, Greece
| | - Stella K Tzouni
- Department of Psychology, University of Western Macedonia, Florina, Greece
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4
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Terol AK, Xia Y, Jara RLR, Meadan H. Demographic and autism characteristics as predictors of age of autism diagnosis of individuals with autism in Paraguay. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2024; 28:2647-2656. [PMID: 38469700 DOI: 10.1177/13623613241236527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
LAY ABSTRACT Autism is a lifelong condition characterized by repetitive behaviors and social communication differences. The reported cases of autism increased globally in the past years. Detecting autism early and providing appropriate supports promptly are crucial for better outcomes. Yet, little research focuses on what factors interplay in the diagnostic process of autistic children in Paraguay. We gathered data from 176 caregivers of autistic children under 18 years in Paraguay. Through a detailed analysis, we found that child's age, child's age at the caregiver's first concerns about their development, and the child's verbal skills are key in predicting the age of autism diagnosis in Paraguay. Educating caregivers and professionals about autism and social communication development can help identify autism early and provide timely support.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yan Xia
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, USA
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5
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Ge W, Zhang C, Yang G, Zhang B. Prevalence and trends of autism spectrum disorder and other developmental disabilities among children and adolescents in the United States from 2019 to 2021. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1471969. [PMID: 39391085 PMCID: PMC11464295 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1471969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 10/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) is a comprehensive health survey conducted by the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) in the U.S., providing valuable insights into the health status of the population. This study focuses on the NHIS child survey between 2019 and 2021, exploring developmental disabilities in U.S. children, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder or attention-deficit disorder (ADHD/ADD), intellectual disability (ID), other developmental delay (other DD), and learning disability (LD). Objective Leveraging NHIS data, our primary objective is to investigate the latest trends and disparities in the prevalence of developmental disabilities among various racial-ethnic groups. Methods Employing a repeated cross-sectional design, we analyzed NHIS data from 2019 to 2021, focusing on children aged 3-17. The survey employed a meticulous stratified multi-stage sampling design. We utilized SAS version 9.4 for data analysis, calculating race-ethnicity-specific prevalence rates and employing weighted linear regression and the Rao-Scott chi-square test for trend analysis. Results Among 19,490 children, prevalence rates varied: ASD (3.11%), ADHD/ADD (9.50%), ID (1.85%), other DD (5.66%), and LD (7.49%). Non-Hispanic black children exhibited higher rates of ID and LD, while non-Hispanic white children had the highest ADHD/ADD prevalence. Disparities persisted across sociodemographic subgroups, with variations in prevalence rates. Conclusion Our study reveals an increase in ASD prevalence and persistent disparities among racial-ethnic groups. Non-Hispanic black children face elevated risks of ID and LD, while non-Hispanic white children exhibit higher rates of ADHD/ADD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenrong Ge
- Department of Pediatrics, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Cancan Zhang
- Division of General Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Senior Department of Pediatrics, the Seventh Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Biostatistics and Research Design Center, Institutional Centers for Clinical and Translational Research, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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Wankhede N, Kale M, Shukla M, Nathiya D, R R, Kaur P, Goyanka B, Rahangdale S, Taksande B, Upaganlawar A, Khalid M, Chigurupati S, Umekar M, Kopalli SR, Koppula S. Leveraging AI for the diagnosis and treatment of autism spectrum disorder: Current trends and future prospects. Asian J Psychiatr 2024; 101:104241. [PMID: 39276483 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2024.104241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Revised: 09/05/2024] [Accepted: 09/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/17/2024]
Abstract
The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into the diagnosis and treatment of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) represents a promising frontier in healthcare. This review explores the current landscape and future prospects of AI technologies in ASD diagnostics and interventions. AI enables early detection and personalized assessment of ASD through the analysis of diverse data sources such as behavioural patterns, neuroimaging, genetics, and electronic health records. Machine learning algorithms exhibit high accuracy in distinguishing ASD from neurotypical development and other developmental disorders, facilitating timely interventions. Furthermore, AI-driven therapeutic interventions, including augmentative communication systems, virtual reality-based training, and robot-assisted therapies, show potential in improving social interactions and communication skills in individuals with ASD. Despite challenges such as data privacy and interpretability, the future of AI in ASD holds promise for refining diagnostic accuracy, deploying telehealth platforms, and tailoring treatment plans. By harnessing AI, clinicians can enhance ASD care delivery, empower patients, and advance our understanding of this complex condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitu Wankhede
- Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, Kamptee, Nagpur, Maharashtra 441002, India
| | - Mayur Kale
- Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, Kamptee, Nagpur, Maharashtra 441002, India
| | - Madhu Shukla
- Marwadi University Research Center, Department of Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Technology, Marwadi University, Rajkot, Gujarat 360003, India
| | - Deepak Nathiya
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Institute of Pharmacy, NIMS University, Jaipur, India
| | - Roopashree R
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Sciences, JAIN (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Parjinder Kaur
- Chandigarh Pharmacy College, Chandigarh Group of Colleges-Jhanjeri, Mohali, Punjab 140307, India
| | - Barkha Goyanka
- Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, Kamptee, Nagpur, Maharashtra 441002, India
| | - Sandip Rahangdale
- Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, Kamptee, Nagpur, Maharashtra 441002, India
| | - Brijesh Taksande
- Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, Kamptee, Nagpur, Maharashtra 441002, India
| | - Aman Upaganlawar
- SNJB's Shriman Sureshdada Jain College of Pharmacy, Neminagar, Chandwad, Nashik, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mohammad Khalid
- Department of pharmacognosy, College of pharmacy Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University Alkharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sridevi Chigurupati
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Milind Umekar
- Smt. Kishoritai Bhoyar College of Pharmacy, Kamptee, Nagpur, Maharashtra 441002, India
| | - Spandana Rajendra Kopalli
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Sushruta Koppula
- College of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Konkuk University, Chungju-Si, Chungcheongbuk Do 27478, Republic of Korea
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7
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Li C, He WQ. Prevalence and treatment of autism spectrum disorder in the United States, 2016-2022. Autism Res 2024. [PMID: 39221608 DOI: 10.1002/aur.3228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
This study aims to assess the prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and its treatment. The study population was children aged 3-17 years with information on current ASD from National Survey of Children's Health, 2016-2022. Analysis of treatment was also conducted within the population of children with a current ASD diagnosis. A multivariate log-binomial regression model was used to assess the change of current ASD prevalence and ASD treatment by two study period (prior to COVID-19 pandemic: 2016-2019; during COVID-19 pandemic: 2020-22) and sociodemographic information. Compared to the current ASD at 2.5% in 2016, it increased to 3.6% in 2022. The treatment has decreased from 70.5% in 2016 to 61.6% in 2022 for any treatment and from 27.2% in 2016 to 20.4% in 2022 for medication treatment. Compared to children from 2016-2019, children from the following group were more likely to have ASD diagnosis during the pandemic (2020-2022), including those aged 3-5 years (aPR = 1.66, 95%CI 1.29-2.13), non-Hispanic white children, children from family with above national family income, and those with private insurance. However, medication treatment almost halved during the pandemic for non-Hispanic black children (aPR = 0.49, 95%CI 0.26-0.93) and children born overseas. In conclusion, higher prevalence of ASD might indicate a better awareness of ASD. The reduction in treatment correlates to the health service disruption caused by the pandemic, highlighting the needs of policy efforts to improve treatment for ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Li
- Melbourne School of Population & Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Children's Hospital Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Wen-Qiang He
- Children's Hospital Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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8
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Bradshaw J, Eberth JM, Zgodic A, Federico A, Flory K, McLain AC. County-Level Prevalence Estimates of Autism Spectrum Disorder in Children in the United States. J Autism Dev Disord 2024; 54:2710-2718. [PMID: 37142898 PMCID: PMC11019892 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-023-05920-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Prevalence estimates of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) point to geographic and socioeconomic disparities in identification and diagnosis. Estimating national prevalence rates can limit understanding of local disparities, especially in rural areas where disproportionately higher rates of poverty and decreased healthcare access exist. Using a small area estimation approach from the 2016-2018 National Survey of Children's Health (N = 70,913), we identified geographic differences in ASD prevalence, ranging from 4.38% in the Mid-Atlantic to 2.71% in the West South-Central region. Cluster analyses revealed "hot spots" in parts of the Southeast, East coast, and Northeast. This geographic clustering of prevalence estimates suggests that local or state-level differences in policies, service accessibility, and sociodemographics may play an important role in identification and diagnosis of ASD.County-Level Prevalence Estimates of Autism Spectrum Disorder in Children in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Bradshaw
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Jan M Eberth
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
- Rural and Minority Health Research Center, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Anja Zgodic
- Rural and Minority Health Research Center, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Alexis Federico
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Kate Flory
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Alexander C McLain
- Rural and Minority Health Research Center, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.
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Yan J, Zhang Y, Wang J, Zhu G, Fang K. Effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation on sleep structure and quality in children with autism. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1413961. [PMID: 39006818 PMCID: PMC11239541 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1413961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Sleep disorders are common in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) can influence the excitability of neuronal cells in stimulated areas, leading to improvements in sleep and other autistic symptoms. However, studies on clinical mechanisms of TMS in treating sleep disorders associated with ASD are limited. Therefore, we aimed to explore the effects of TMS on sleep structure and quality in children with ASD. Methods Between January 2020 and December 2021, recruitment was advertised through child and adolescent outpatient clinics and online platforms by the Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital and Lishui Second People's Hospital. Sixty children with ASD who met the diagnostic criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, were selected and randomly divided into the active TMS and sham TMS treatment groups. Thirty healthy children of the same age were recruited as controls. The active TMS group received bilateral low-frequency (0.5 Hz) TMS targeting the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex on both sides in children with ASD, whereas the sham TMS group received sham stimulation with the same stimulation time and location as the experimental group. Both groups were treated for 6 weeks, and the participants were assessed using the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (SDSC) before treatment, at 3 weeks, and at 6 weeks of intervention. Independent sample t-tests and difference t-tests were used for statistical analysis of the data. Results No significant differences were observed in general demographic variables, such as age and sex, between the ASD and control groups (P>0.05). Independent sample t-test analysis showed that the total SDSC score, difficulty falling asleep, sleep maintenance, awakening disorders, sleep-wake transition disorders, excessive daytime sleepiness, and nocturnal hyperhidrosis scores were significantly higher in the ASD group than in the control group (P<0.05). Before treatment, no significant differences were observed in the factor or total SDSC scores between the sham TMS group and the active TMS group (P>0.05). After 15 and 30 treatment sessions, the total SDSC score, difficulty falling asleep, sleep maintenance, sleep-wake transition disorders, and excessive daytime sleepiness scores were significantly higher in the sham TMS group than in the active TMS group (P<0.05). The difference t-test analysis showed that after 30 treatment sessions, the reduction rates of the total SDSC score, difficulty falling asleep, sleep maintenance, awakening disorders, sleep-wake transition disorders, excessive daytime sleepiness, and nocturnal hyperhidrosis dimensions were significantly higher in the active TMS group than in the sham TMS group (P<0.05). Conclusion Low-frequency TMS targeting the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in children with ASD can effectively improve their sleep status, and significant improvement can be achieved after 6 weeks (30 sessions) of treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Yan
- Quality Control Office, Hangzhou Seventh People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Administration Office, Lishui Second People’s Hospital, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junjie Wang
- Quality Control Office, Hangzhou Seventh People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guidong Zhu
- Administration Office, Lishui Second People’s Hospital, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kaijie Fang
- Quality Control Office, Hangzhou Seventh People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Benavidez HR, Johansson M, Jones E, Rea H, Kurtz-Nelson EC, Miles C, Whiting A, Eayrs C, Earl R, Bernier RA, Eichler EE, Neuhaus E. Predicting Intervention Use in Youth with Rare Variants in Autism-Associated Genes. J Autism Dev Disord 2024:10.1007/s10803-024-06414-2. [PMID: 38809474 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-024-06414-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Specialized multidisciplinary supports are important for long-term outcomes for autistic youth. Although family and child factors predict service utilization in autism, little is known with respect to youth with rare, autism-associated genetic variants, who frequently have increased psychiatric, developmental, and behavioral needs. We investigate the impact of family factors on service utilization to determine whether caregiver (autistic features, education, income) and child (autistic features, sex, age, IQ, co-occurring conditions) factors predicted service type (e.g., speech, occupational, behavioral) and intensity (hours/year) among children with autism-associated variants (N = 125), some of whom also had a confirmed ASD diagnosis. Analyses revealed variability in the types of services used across a range of child demographic, behavioral, and mental health characteristics. Speech therapy was the most received service (87.2%). Importantly, behavior therapy was the least received service and post-hoc analyses revealed that use of this therapy was uniquely predicted by ASD diagnosis. However, once children received a particular service, there was largely comparable intensity of services, independent of caregiver and child factors. Findings suggest that demographic and clinical factors impact families' ability to obtain services, with less impact on the intensity of services received. The low receipt of therapies that specifically address core support needs in autism (i.e., behavior therapy) indicates more research is needed on the availability of these services for youth with autism-associated variants, particularly for those who do not meet criteria for an ASD diagnosis but do demonstrate elevated and impactful child autistic features as compared to the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Margaret Johansson
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Jones
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Hannah Rea
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Center on Child Health, Behavior, and Development, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Conor Miles
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alana Whiting
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Curtis Eayrs
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Rachel Earl
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Raphael A Bernier
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Evan E Eichler
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Emily Neuhaus
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Center on Child Health, Behavior, and Development, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.
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11
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Kurth L, O'Shea TM, Burd I, Dunlop AL, Croen L, Wilkening G, Hsu TJ, Ehrhardt S, Palanisamy A, McGrath M, Churchill ML, Weinberger D, Grados M, Dabelea D. Intrapartum exposure to synthetic oxytocin, maternal BMI, and neurodevelopmental outcomes in children within the ECHO consortium. J Neurodev Disord 2024; 16:26. [PMID: 38796448 PMCID: PMC11128127 DOI: 10.1186/s11689-024-09540-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Synthetic oxytocin (sOT) is frequently administered during parturition. Studies have raised concerns that fetal exposure to sOT may be associated with altered brain development and risk of neurodevelopmental disorders. In a large and diverse sample of children with data about intrapartum sOT exposure and subsequent diagnoses of two prevalent neurodevelopmental disorders, i.e., attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD), we tested the following hypotheses: (1) Intrapartum sOT exposure is associated with increased odds of child ADHD or ASD; (2) associations differ across sex; (3) associations between intrapartum sOT exposure and ADHD or ASD are accentuated in offspring of mothers with pre-pregnancy obesity. METHODS The study sample comprised 12,503 participants from 44 cohort sites included in the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) consortium. Mixed-effects logistic regression analyses were used to estimate the association between intrapartum sOT exposure and offspring ADHD or ASD (in separate models). Maternal obesity (pre-pregnancy BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) and child sex were evaluated for effect modification. RESULTS Intrapartum sOT exposure was present in 48% of participants. sOT exposure was not associated with increased odds of ASD (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.86; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.71-1.03) or ADHD (aOR 0.89; 95% CI, 0.76-1.04). Associations did not differ by child sex. Among mothers with pre-pregnancy obesity, sOT exposure was associated with lower odds of offspring ADHD (aOR 0.72; 95% CI, 0.55-0.96). No association was found among mothers without obesity (aOR 0.97; 95% CI, 0.80-1.18). CONCLUSIONS In a large, diverse sample, we found no evidence of an association between intrapartum exposure to sOT and odds of ADHD or ASD in either male or female offspring. Contrary to our hypothesis, among mothers with pre-pregnancy obesity, sOT exposure was associated with lower odds of child ADHD diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Kurth
- Department of Pediatrics, Developmental Section, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 13123 E. 16th Ave. B065, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
| | - T Michael O'Shea
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Irina Burd
- Departments of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anne L Dunlop
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Lisa Croen
- Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Greta Wilkening
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Ting-Ju Hsu
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Stephan Ehrhardt
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Arvind Palanisamy
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Monica McGrath
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Marie L Churchill
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Daniel Weinberger
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- The Lieber institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Marco Grados
- Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dana Dabelea
- Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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12
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Yan X, Li Y, Li Q, Li Q, Xu G, Lu J, Yang W. Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder Among Children and Adolescents in the United States from 2021 to 2022. J Autism Dev Disord 2024:10.1007/s10803-024-06390-7. [PMID: 38778000 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-024-06390-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) among children and adolescents seem to be high in countries around the world, and it's worth understanding the latest prevalence and trends of ASD in children and adolescents. The purpose of this study was to examine the latest prevalence and decade trend of ASD among individuals aged 3-17 years in the United States. METHODS A total of 13,198 individuals aged 3-17 years were included. Annual data were examined from the National Health Interview Survey (2021-2022). Weighted prevalence for each of the selected developmental disabilities were calculated. RESULTS This cross-sectional study estimated the weighted prevalence of autism spectrum disorder were 3.05, 3.79, and 3.42% among individuals aged 3-17 years in the US in 2021, 2022, and the 2-year overall, respectively. We also observed a decade-long upward trend even after adjusting for demographic characteristics (P for trend < .05). CONCLUSION The results of this study showed that the prevalence of ASD among children and adolescents aged 3-17 years in the United States remained high and has increased over the past decade. The further investigation is necessary to evaluate potential modifiable risk factors and causes of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Yan
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Guangdong Province, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yanmei Li
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Guangdong Province, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Qishan Li
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Guangdong Province, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Guangdong Province, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Guifeng Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Jinhua Lu
- Division of Birth Cohort Study, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangdong Province, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, China.
| | - Wenhan Yang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Guangdong Province, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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Khan AJ, Afrose T, Nuha FA, Islam MA, Ahmad MSB. Bruxism management in individuals with autism spectrum disorder and down syndrome - A systematic review. SPECIAL CARE IN DENTISTRY 2024; 44:645-658. [PMID: 37817388 DOI: 10.1111/scd.12931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In dentistry, association between bruxism and individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and Down Syndrome (DS) is high. Bruxism is one of the most common oral and psychophysiological disorders, that is still an unsolved issue with limited data. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this systematic review (SR) was to evaluate evidence about bruxism and its management in individuals with ASD and DS. MATERIALS AND METHODS The researchers performed an electronic search using keywords on three databases, reference lists and complemented by manual searching from January 2000 to February 2023 to find out the relevant documents. An extensive literature review using the "Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta Analysis" method was carried out. PICO parameters were formulated, and studies risk of bias was evaluated using the JBI critical appraisal checklist tool for case reports. RESULTS Out of 527 documents, 8 case studies and one review paper were identified as final articles for data synthesis. The findings showed, bruxism was reduced for all the participants with ASD and DS after implementation of functional analysis or dental treatment. CONCLUSION The current SR found that despite the positive results of all the studies, there was a lack of evidence due to a limited number of studies and only case studies were conducted through functional analysis and dental treatment. NOVELTY This SR is the first study on bruxism treatments in individuals with ASD and DS that included all the available studies (n = 9) since last 23 years and the first study that specifically addresses the incorporation of case reports in a systemic review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsary Jahan Khan
- Centre of Comprehensive Care Studies, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Tasin Afrose
- Chittagong Medical College and Hospital (CMCH), University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Fowjia Ayesha Nuha
- Chittagong Medical College and Hospital (CMCH), University of Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Muhammad Asiful Islam
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Chittagong Medical College Hospital (CMCH), Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Mas Suryalis Binti Ahmad
- Centre of Comprehensive Care Studies, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Sungai Buloh, Selangor, Malaysia
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14
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Jiao D, Xu Y, Tian F, Zhou Y, Chen D, Wang Y. Establishment of animal models and behavioral studies for autism spectrum disorders. J Int Med Res 2024; 52:3000605241245293. [PMID: 38619175 PMCID: PMC11022675 DOI: 10.1177/03000605241245293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the incidence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has increased, but the etiology and pathogenesis remain unclear. In this narrative review, we review and systematically summarize the methods used to construct animal models to study ASD and the related behavioral studies based on recent literature. Utilization of various ASD animal models can complement research on the etiology, pathogenesis, and core behaviors of ASD, providing information and a foundation for further basic research and clinical treatment of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiyan Jiao
- Department of Rehabilitation, Affiliated Hai'an Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
- Department of Acupuncture, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yingkai Xu
- Department of Medicine, Hai’an Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nantong, China
| | - Fei Tian
- Department of Medical Imaging, Hai’an Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nantong, China
| | - Yaqing Zhou
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Affiliated Hai’an Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Dong Chen
- Department of Acupuncture, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yujue Wang
- Department of Paediatrics, Rugao Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nantong, China
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15
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Chen WX, Chen YR, Peng MZ, Liu X, Cai YN, Huang ZF, Yang SY, Huang JY, Wang RH, Yi P, Liu L. Plasma Amino Acid Profile in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder in Southern China: Analysis of 110 Cases. J Autism Dev Disord 2024; 54:1567-1581. [PMID: 36652126 PMCID: PMC10981617 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-022-05829-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
To retrospectively explore the characteristics of plasma amino acids (PAAs) in children with autism spectrum disorder and their clinical association via case-control study. A total of 110 autistic and 55 healthy children were recruited from 2014 to 2018. The clinical phenotypes included severity of autism, cognition, adaptability, and regression. Compared with the control group, autistic children had significantly elevated glutamate, γ-Amino-n-butyric acid, glutamine, sarcosine, δ-aminolevulinic acid, glycine and citrulline. In contrast, their plasma level of ethanolamine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, homocysteine, pyroglutamic acid, hydroxyproline, ornithine, histidine, lysine, and glutathione were significantly lower. Elevated neuroactive amino acids (glutamate) and decreased essential amino acids were mostly distinct characteristics of PAAs of autistic children. Increased level of tryptophan might be associated with severity of autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Xiong Chen
- Department of Neurology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
- The Assessment and Intervention Center for Autistic Children, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Yi-Ru Chen
- Department of Neurology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min-Zhi Peng
- Department of Genetics and Endocrinology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xian Liu
- Division of Birth Cohort Study, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan-Na Cai
- Department of Genetics and Endocrinology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Fang Huang
- Department of Neurology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The Assessment and Intervention Center for Autistic Children, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Si-Yuan Yang
- Department of Neurology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The Assessment and Intervention Center for Autistic Children, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing-Yu Huang
- Department of Neurology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The Assessment and Intervention Center for Autistic Children, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruo-Han Wang
- Department of Neurology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Yi
- Department of Genetics and Endocrinology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Genetics and Endocrinology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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16
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Baum RA, Berman BD, Fussell JJ, Patel R, Roizen NJ, Voigt RG, Leslie LK. Child Health Needs and the Developmental-Behavioral Pediatrics Workforce Supply: 2020-2040. Pediatrics 2024; 153:e2023063678H. [PMID: 38300001 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2023-063678h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Developmental-behavioral pediatrics (DBP) subspecialists care for children with complex neurodevelopmental and behavioral health conditions; additional roles include education and training, advocacy, and research. In 2023, there were 1.0 DBP subspecialists per 100 000 US children aged 0 to 17 years (range 0.0-3.8), with wide variability in DBP subspecialist distribution. Given the prevalence of DB conditions, the current workforce is markedly inadequate to meet the needs of patients and families. The American Board of Pediatrics Foundation led a modeling project to forecast the US pediatric subspecialty workforce from 2020 to 2040 using current trends in each subspecialty. The model predicts workforce supply at baseline and across alternative scenarios and reports results in headcount (HC) and HC adjusted for percent time spent in clinical care, termed "clinical workforce equivalent." For DBP, the baseline model predicts HC growth nationally (+45%, from 669 to 958), but these extremely low numbers translate to minimal patient care impact. Adjusting for population growth over time, projected HC increases from 0.8 to 1.0 and clinical workforce equivalent from 0.5 to 0.6 DBP subspecialists per 100 000 children aged 0 to 18 years by 2040. Even in the best-case scenario (+12.5% in fellows by 2030 and +7% in time in clinical care), the overall numbers would be minimally affected. These current and forecasted trends should be used to shape much-needed solutions in education, training, practice, policy, and workforce research to increase the DBP workforce and improve overall child health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A Baum
- Division of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill/North Carolina Children's Hospital, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Brad D Berman
- Division of Developmental-Behavioral Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, Benioff Children's Hospital, San Francisco, California
| | - Jill J Fussell
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences/Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Rohan Patel
- Division of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill/North Carolina Children's Hospital, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Nancy J Roizen
- Division of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics and Psychology, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Robert G Voigt
- Michael R. Boh Centers for Child Development, Department of Pediatrics, Ochsner Health, and University of Queensland Medical School/Ochsner Clinical School, New Orleans, Louisiana
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17
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Quetsch LB, Bradley RS, Theodorou L, Newton K, McNeil CB. Community-based Agency Delivery of Parent-Child Interaction Therapy: Comparing Outcomes for Children with and Without Autism Spectrum Disorder and/or Developmental Delays. J Autism Dev Disord 2024; 54:33-45. [PMID: 36323995 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-022-05755-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
While externalizing behaviors are common among children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), there is a shortage of specialist community-based clinicians to provide treatment. Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT), an intervention designed to reduce child disruptive behaviors, may be effective for families of children with ASD but has rarely been studied outside of university-based research settings. We examined the effectiveness of PCIT delivered for children with (N = 109) and without (N = 2,324) ASD/developmental delays (DD) across community-based agencies in Oregon. Findings revealed significant reductions in disruptive behavior and positive changes in the parent-child relationship in both groups. These findings support PCIT as an efficacious intervention for children with ASD/DD and demonstrate PCIT's promise in community-based agencies with non-specialized clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Cheryl B McNeil
- West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
- University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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18
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Low HM, Zainal MS, Pang JC, Ang Y, de Vries M. Self-reported autistic traits and psychosocial outcomes among university students in Malaysia. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2024; 28:174-186. [PMID: 37128140 DOI: 10.1177/13623613231167501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
LAY ABSTRACT Most research on autism spectrum conditions is done on young children and not as much on young adults with autism spectrum conditions. Because of this, not much is known about how common autism spectrum conditions are in young adults and how they affect their mental and social health, especially in Southeast Asia. Based on self-reports, 2.8% of the 2732 university students we looked at in Malaysia might have been diagnosed or thought to have an autism spectrum condition. Students who said they had or thought they had autism spectrum conditions had lower self-efficacy, more stress and a lower quality of life than students who said they did not have autism spectrum conditions. The results showed that university students with autism spectrum condition are more likely to have bad psychological and social outcomes than their peers without autism spectrum condition. Also, the link between autistic traits and psychosocial outcomes could depend on the culture.
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Piening S, van Balkom IDC, Stapert AF, Henning D, Greaves-Lord K, Davids LRCD, Castelein S, Groen Y. Perspectives on Autism Spectrum Disorder Diagnosis, Symptoms, Treatment and Gender Roles: A Qualitative Study of Similarities and Differences between Sexes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:7183. [PMID: 38131734 PMCID: PMC10742825 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20247183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to compare the experiences of women and men of different age groups with regard to their first autism spectrum disorder (ASD) diagnosis, symptoms, treatment, and gender roles to inform our understanding in clinical practice of differences as well as similarities. Semi-structured interviews were conducted amongst 22 women (n = 12) and men (n = 10) in three adult age groups regarding their diagnostic process, symptoms, treatment, and gender roles. Participants also filled out questionnaires on gender traits, social support, coping, and quality of life. Framework analysis guidelines were followed to identify subthemes within the three pre-defined key themes of the semi-structured interviews, and quantitative analyses were performed on the questionnaire results. Women often had caregiver roles and were more focused on social and family-oriented life aspects than men. Family and societal expectations may have been different for women from an early age onward and were considered burdensome by some, but not all. Views on ASD diagnosis, symptoms, and treatment were largely individually determined. The questionnaire results mostly showed no significant sex differences. Perceived gender roles differed between participants. In diagnosis and treatment, awareness of general gender differences and gender roles is important, but inter-individual differences and similar experiences in men should not be overlooked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigrid Piening
- Autism Team Northern-Netherlands, Jonx, Department of (Youth) Mental Health and Autism of Lentis Psychiatric Institute, 9700 AB Groningen, The Netherlands (A.F.S.); (K.G.-L.)
| | - Ingrid D. C. van Balkom
- Autism Team Northern-Netherlands, Jonx, Department of (Youth) Mental Health and Autism of Lentis Psychiatric Institute, 9700 AB Groningen, The Netherlands (A.F.S.); (K.G.-L.)
| | - Anne Fleur Stapert
- Autism Team Northern-Netherlands, Jonx, Department of (Youth) Mental Health and Autism of Lentis Psychiatric Institute, 9700 AB Groningen, The Netherlands (A.F.S.); (K.G.-L.)
| | - Daria Henning
- Outpatient Clinic for the Elderly, Lentis Psychiatric Institute, 9725 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Kirstin Greaves-Lord
- Autism Team Northern-Netherlands, Jonx, Department of (Youth) Mental Health and Autism of Lentis Psychiatric Institute, 9700 AB Groningen, The Netherlands (A.F.S.); (K.G.-L.)
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology, University of Groningen, 9712 TS Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Stynke Castelein
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Experimental Psychopathology, University of Groningen, 9712 TS Groningen, The Netherlands
- Lentis Research, Lentis Psychiatric Institute, 9725 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Yvonne Groen
- Department of Clinical and Developmental Neuropsychology, University of Groningen, 9712 TS Groningen, The Netherlands
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Kutuk MO, Tufan AE, Kilicaslan F, Vural P, Gokcen C, Alsen Guney S, Kutuk B, Ozyurt G, Inal N, Mutluer T, Acikalin EY, Ozer FH, Pamuk EN, Yesilmese SC, Karadag M, Hangul Z, Bilginer C, Sahin N, Bilac O, Kandemir H, Ercan ES, Eseroglu Soylemez T, Acikel SB, Guler Aksu G, Dag P, Toros F, Mutlu C, Kardas O, Kardas B, Kizildag S, Demirci E, Ozmen S, Sevicin L, Karagoz YS, Isik U, Aktepe E, Altun H, Yektas Ç, Polat Tuysuz B, Buber A, Cansiz MA, Ogutlu H, Eray S, Taner HA, Altintas E, Kutuk O. functional outcome in late adolescence/early adulthood of patients with autism spectrum disorder and its relationships with parental burnout and depression: A preliminary multi-center, cross-sectional study. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20766. [PMID: 37867841 PMCID: PMC10589842 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to determine the functioning of adults with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) diagnosed in childhood and depression and burnout levels among their parents. A total of 261 adults with ASDs and their parents were recruited for the study. Both parents completed the Beck Depression and Maslach Burnout Inventories and reported the functioning of their adult offspring with ASDs. Only 5.4 % of our sample reported "good" or "very good" outcomes. The most common psychiatric comorbidities were intellectual disabilities and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Maternal burnout and depression scores were significantly elevated compared to those of fathers. There is an undeniable urgent need for more research to identify the needs of adults and families suffering from ASD. Modifications for those with ASD may have to be made for support in workplaces, achieving driving licenses, using public transportation and attendance at tertiary education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meryem Ozlem Kutuk
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Baskent University Faculty of Medicine, Adana Dr. Turgut Noyan Medical and Research Center, Adana, Turkey
| | - Ali Evren Tufan
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Faculty of Medicine, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Fethiye Kilicaslan
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Harran University, Faculty of Medicine, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Pınar Vural
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Uludag University, Faculty of Medicine, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Cem Gokcen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Gaziantep University, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Sevay Alsen Guney
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Dokuz Eylul University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Bahtim Kutuk
- Department of Psychology, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Gonca Ozyurt
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, İzmir Katip Celebi University, Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Neslihan Inal
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Dokuz Eylul University Faculty of Medicine, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Tuba Mutluer
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Koc University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Zip code: 34450, Turkey
| | - Eren Yavuz Acikalin
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Koc University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Zip code: 34450, Turkey
| | - Fadime Hande Ozer
- Department of Psychology, Hasan Kalyoncu University, Gaziantep, Zipcode: 27410, Turkey
| | - Esma Nur Pamuk
- Department of Psychology, Cag University, Mersin, Zip code: 33800, Turkey
| | | | - Mehmet Karadag
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Gaziantep University, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep, Zip code: 27310, Turkey
| | - Zehra Hangul
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Gaziantep University, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep, Zip code: 27310, Turkey
| | - Cilem Bilginer
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Medicine, Trabzon, Zip code: 61080, Turkey
| | - Nilfer Sahin
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Faculty of Medicine, Mugla, Zip code: 48000, Turkey
| | - Oznur Bilac
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Faculty of Medicine, Manisa, Zip code: 45030, Turkey
| | - Hasan Kandemir
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Faculty of Medicine, Manisa, Zip code: 45030, Turkey
| | - Eyup Sabri Ercan
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Ege University, Faculty of Medicine, İzmir, Zip code: 35040, Turkey
| | - Tugba Eseroglu Soylemez
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Baskent University, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medical and Research Center, Istanbul, Zip code: 34662, Turkey
| | - Sadettin Burak Acikel
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Konya City Training and Research Hospital, Konya, Zip code: 42090, Turkey
| | - Gulen Guler Aksu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Mersin University, Faculty of Medicine, Mersin, Zip code: 33343, Turkey
| | - Pelin Dag
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Mersin City Training and Research Hospital, Mersin, Zip code: 33240, Turkey
| | - Fevziye Toros
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Mersin University, Faculty of Medicine, Mersin, Zip code: 33343, Turkey
| | - Caner Mutlu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Uludag University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa, Zip code: 34494, Turkey
| | - Omer Kardas
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Dicle University, Faculty of Medicine, Diyarbakır, Zip code: 21280, Turkey
| | - Burcu Kardas
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Gazi Yasargil Education and Research Hospital, Diyarbakir, Zip code: 21010, Turkey
| | - Suleyman Kizildag
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Dicle University, Faculty of Medicine, Diyarbakır, Zip code: 21280, Turkey
| | - Esra Demirci
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erciyes University, Faculty of Medicine, Kayseri, Zip code: 38039, Turkey
| | - Sevgi Ozmen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erciyes University, Faculty of Medicine, Kayseri, Zip code: 38039, Turkey
| | - Leyla Sevicin
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erciyes University, Faculty of Medicine, Kayseri, Zip code: 38039, Turkey
| | - Yuksel Sumeyra Karagoz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Training and Research Hospital, Erzurum, Zip code: 25240, Turkey
| | - Umit Isik
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Suleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Medicine, Isparta, Zip code: 71100, Turkey
| | - Evrim Aktepe
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Suleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Medicine, Isparta, Zip code: 71100, Turkey
| | - Hatice Altun
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University, Faculty of Medicine, Kahramanmaras, Zip code: 46000, Turkey
| | - Çigdem Yektas
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Uskudar University, Istanbul, Zip code: 34662, Turkey
| | - Berna Polat Tuysuz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Sanliurfa Education and Research Hospital, Sanliurfa, Zip code: 63250, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Buber
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Pamukkale University, Faculty of Medicine, Denizli, Zip code: 20070, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Akif Cansiz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Yozgat Bozok University, Faculty of Medicine, Yozgat, Zip code: 66100, Turkey
| | - Hakan Ogutlu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Zip code: 06800, Turkey
| | - Safak Eray
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Uludag University Faculty of Medicine, Bursa, Zip code: 16059, Turkey
| | - Hande Ayraler Taner
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Baskent University, Medical Faculty, Ankara, Zip code: 06490, Turkey
| | - Ebru Altintas
- Department of Psychiatry, Baskent University Faculty of Medicine, Adana Dr. Turgut Noyan Medical and Research Center, Adana, Zip code: 01110, Turkey
| | - Ozgur Kutuk
- Department of Immunology, Baskent University Faculty of Medicine, Adana Dr. Turgut Noyan Medical and Research Center, Adana, Zip code: 01110, Turkey
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21
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Pantazakos T, Vanaken GJ. Addressing the autism mental health crisis: the potential of phenomenology in neurodiversity-affirming clinical practices. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1225152. [PMID: 37731874 PMCID: PMC10507173 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1225152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The neurodiversity movement has introduced a new era for autism research. Yet, the neurodiversity paradigm and the autism clinic remain largely unconnected. With the present work, we aim to contribute to filling this lacuna by putting forward phenomenology as a foundation for developing neurodiversity-affirming clinical interventions for autism. In the first part of this paper, we highlight that autistic people face a severe mental health crisis. We argue that approaches focused on reducing autistic 'symptoms' are unlikely to solve the problem, as autistic mental health is positively correlated with autism acceptance and perceived quality of support provided, not necessarily with lack of 'symptomatologic severity'. Therefore, the development and dissemination of neurodiversity-affirming clinical interventions is key for addressing the autism mental health crisis. However, therapists and researchers exploring such neurodiversity-affirming practices are faced with two significant challenges. First, they lack concrete methodological principles regarding the incorporation of neurodiversity into clinical work. Second, they need to find ways to acknowledge rightful calls to respect the 'autistic self' within the clinic, while also challenging certain beliefs and behaviors of autistic clients in a manner that is sine qua non for therapy, irrespective of neurotype. In the second part of the paper, we introduce phenomenological psychology as a potential resource for engaging with these challenges in neurodiversity-affirming approaches to psychotherapy. In this vein, we put forward specific directions for adapting cognitive behavioral and interpersonal psychotherapy for autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Themistoklis Pantazakos
- Department of Science and Technology Studies, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- The American College of Greece, Athens, Greece
| | - Gert-Jan Vanaken
- Parenting and Special Education Research Unit, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Leuven Autism Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Philosophy, Centre for Ethics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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22
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Rasga C, Santos JX, Café C, Oliveira A, Duque F, Posada M, Nunes A, Oliveira G, Vicente AM. Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder in the Centro region of Portugal: a population based study of school age children within the ASDEU project. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1148184. [PMID: 37711428 PMCID: PMC10499322 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1148184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Accurate prevalence estimates for Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) are fundamental to adequately program medical and educational resources for children. However, estimates vary globally and across Europe, and it is therefore wise to conduct epidemiological studies in defined geo-cultural contexts. Methods We used a population screening approach to estimate the prevalence of ASD in the Centro region of Portugal, using a harmonized protocol as part of the Autism Spectrum Disorders in the European Union (ASDEU) project. Results The overall prevalence was estimated at 0.5% (95% CI 0.3-0.7), higher in schools with Autism Units (3.3%, 95%CI 2.7-3.9) than in regular schools (0.3%, 95% CI 0.1-0.5) or schools with Multiple Disability Units (0.3%, 95% CI 0.04-0.6). Discussion The results indicate that the diagnosis of ASD is followed by the most effective educational policies in Centro Region. The variability in prevalence estimates across the different regions from the ASDEU project, and globally, is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Célia Rasga
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisboa, Portugal
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisboa, BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - João Xavier Santos
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisboa, Portugal
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisboa, BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cátia Café
- Unidade de Neurodesenvolvimento e Autismo, Serviço do Centro de Desenvolvimento da Criança, Centro de Investigação e Formação Clínica, Hospital Pediátrico, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University Clinic of Pediatrics and Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Alexandra Oliveira
- Unidade de Neurodesenvolvimento e Autismo, Serviço do Centro de Desenvolvimento da Criança, Centro de Investigação e Formação Clínica, Hospital Pediátrico, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University Clinic of Pediatrics and Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Frederico Duque
- Unidade de Neurodesenvolvimento e Autismo, Serviço do Centro de Desenvolvimento da Criança, Centro de Investigação e Formação Clínica, Hospital Pediátrico, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University Clinic of Pediatrics and Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Manuel Posada
- Institute of Rare Diseases Research, IIER, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Nunes
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisboa, BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Lisboa, Portugal
- Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Guiomar Oliveira
- Unidade de Neurodesenvolvimento e Autismo, Serviço do Centro de Desenvolvimento da Criança, Centro de Investigação e Formação Clínica, Hospital Pediátrico, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University Clinic of Pediatrics and Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Astrid Moura Vicente
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Lisboa, Portugal
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisboa, BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Lisboa, Portugal
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23
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Zahorodny W, Shenouda J, Sidwell K, Verile MG, Alvarez CC, Fusco A, Mars A, Waale M, Gleeson T, Burack G, Zumoff P. Prevalence and Characteristics of Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorder in the New York-New Jersey Metropolitan Area. J Autism Dev Disord 2023:10.1007/s10803-023-06058-8. [PMID: 37642865 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-023-06058-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Almost all epidemiologic studies estimating autism spectrum disorder (ASD) prevalence have focused on school-age children. This study provides the first population-based data on the prevalence and expression of ASD among adolescents in a large US metropolitan region. METHODS Active multiple source ASD surveillance of adolescents aged 16-years was conducted according to the Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring (ADDM) Network method in a four-county New Jersey metropolitan region. Prevalence estimates are provided, characteristics are described and comparison of the distribution and characteristics of ASD is offered for this cohort, at 8 and 16-years. RESULTS ASD prevalence was 17.7 per 1000 (95% CI: 16.3-19.2)]. One-in-55 males and one in 172 females were identified with ASD. High-SES was positively associated with ASD and White adolescents had higher ASD prevalence (22.2 per 1000) than Hispanic adolescents (13.1 per 1000). One in four study-confirmed individuals with ASD did not have an ASD diagnosis. A majority of ASD adolescents (58.8%) had a co-occurring neuropsychiatric disorder. White and High-SES individuals had greater likelihood of co-occurring disorder. The demographic distribution and functional profile of ASD was similar in this cohort at 8 and 16-years. CONCLUSION Approximately one-in-55 adolescents in our area had ASD, in 2014, and one-in-4 16-year-olds with ASD was not diagnosed. A majority (3-in-5) of the adolescents with ASD had a co-occurring neuropsychiatric disorder. ASD under-identification and the high frequency of co-disorders in adolescents with ASD pose significant challenges to care and support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Zahorodny
- Rutgers University - New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Ave, F-511, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA.
| | - Josephine Shenouda
- Rutgers University - New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Ave, F-511, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
- Rutgers University - School of Public Health, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Kate Sidwell
- Rutgers University - New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Ave, F-511, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Michael G Verile
- Rutgers University - New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Ave, F-511, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Cindy Cruz Alvarez
- Rutgers University - New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Ave, F-511, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Arline Fusco
- Rutgers University - New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Ave, F-511, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | | | - Mildred Waale
- Rutgers University - New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Ave, F-511, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Tara Gleeson
- Atlantic Health System, Goryeb Children's Hospital, Morristown, NJ, USA
| | - Gail Burack
- Rutgers University - Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Paul Zumoff
- Rutgers University - New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Ave, F-511, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
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24
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Wang Y, Yu S, Li M. Neurovascular crosstalk and cerebrovascular alterations: an underestimated therapeutic target in autism spectrum disorders. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1226580. [PMID: 37692552 PMCID: PMC10491023 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1226580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Normal brain development, function, and aging critically depend on unique characteristics of the cerebrovascular system. Growing evidence indicated that cerebrovascular defects can have irreversible effects on the brain, and these defects have been implicated in various neurological disorders, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD). ASD is a neurodevelopmental disorder with heterogeneous clinical manifestations and anatomical changes. While extensive research has focused on the neural abnormalities underlying ASD, the role of brain vasculature in this disorder remains poorly understood. Indeed, the significance of cerebrovascular contributions to ASD has been consistently underestimated. In this work, we discuss the neurovascular crosstalk during embryonic development and highlight recent findings on cerebrovascular alterations in individuals with ASD. We also discuss the potential of vascular-based therapy for ASD. Collectively, these investigations demonstrate that ASD can be considered a neurovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Wang
- Queen Mary School, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Shunyu Yu
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Mengqian Li
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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25
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Doi H, Furui A, Ueda R, Shimatani K, Yamamoto M, Sakurai K, Mori C, Tsuji T. Spatiotemporal patterns of spontaneous movement in neonates are significantly linked to risk of autism spectrum disorders at 18 months old. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13869. [PMID: 37620366 PMCID: PMC10449803 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40368-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Infants make spontaneous movements from the prenatal period. Several studies indicate that an atypical pattern of body motion during infancy could be utilized as an early biomarker of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). However, to date, little is known about whether the body motion pattern in neonates is associated with ASD risk. The present study sought to clarify this point by examining, in a longitudinal design, the link between features of spontaneous movement at about two days after birth and ASD risk evaluated using the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers by their caregivers at 18 months old. The body movement features were quantified by a recently developed markerless system of infant body motion analysis. Logistic regression analysis revealed that ASD risk at 18 months old is associated with the pattern of spontaneous movement at the neonatal stage. Further, logistic regression based on body movement features during sleep shows better performance in classifying high- and low-risk infants than during the awake state. These findings raise the possibility that early signs of ASD risk may emerge at a developmental stage far earlier than previously thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Doi
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan.
- School of Science and Engineering, Kokushikan University, 4-28-1 Setagaya, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 154-8515, Japan.
- Department of Information and Management Systems Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, 1603-1 Kamitomioka, Nagaoka, Niigata, 940-2188, Japan.
| | - Akira Furui
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8527, Japan.
| | - Rena Ueda
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8527, Japan
| | - Koji Shimatani
- Faculty of Health and Welfare, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, 1-1, Gakuen-machi, Mihara, Hiroshima, 734-8558, Japan
| | - Midori Yamamoto
- Department of Sustainable Health Science, Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
| | - Kenichi Sakurai
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolic Medicine, Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
| | - Chisato Mori
- Department of Sustainable Health Science, Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
- Department of Bioenvironmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Toshio Tsuji
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8527, Japan.
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26
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Ferencova N, Visnovcova Z, Ondrejka I, Hrtanek I, Bujnakova I, Kovacova V, Macejova A, Tonhajzerova I. Peripheral Inflammatory Markers in Autism Spectrum Disorder and Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder at Adolescent Age. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11710. [PMID: 37511467 PMCID: PMC10380731 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are associated with immune dysregulation. We aimed to estimate the pro- and anti-inflammatory activity/balance in ASD and ADHD patients at a little-studied adolescent age with respect to sex. We evaluated 20 ASD patients (5 girls, average age: 12.4 ± 1.9 y), 20 ADHD patients (5 girls, average age: 13.4 ± 1.8 y), and 20 age- and gender-matched controls (average age: 13.2 ± 1.9 y). The evaluated parameters included (1) white blood cells (WBCs), neutrophils, monocytes, lymphocytes, platelets, platelet distribution width (PDW), mean platelet volume, and derived ratios, as well as (2) cytokines-interferon-gamma, interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and derived profiles and ratios. ASD adolescents showed higher levels of WBC, monocytes, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10, macrophages (M)1 profile, and anti-inflammatory profile than the controls, with ASD males showing higher monocytes, IL-6 and IL-10, anti-inflammatory profile, and a lower T-helper (Th)1/Th2+T-regulatory cell ratio than control males. The ADHD adolescents showed higher levels of PDW, IL-1β and IL-6, TNF-α, M1 profile, proinflammatory profile, and pro-/anti-inflammatory ratio than the controls, with ADHD females showing a higher TNF-α and pro-/anti-inflammatory ratio than the control females and ADHD males showing higher levels of IL-1β and IL-6, TNF-α, and M1 profile than the control males. Immune dysregulation appeared to be different for both neurodevelopmental disorders in adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikola Ferencova
- Biomedical Centre Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Visnovcova
- Biomedical Centre Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Igor Ondrejka
- Psychiatric Clinic, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, University Hospital Martin, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Igor Hrtanek
- Psychiatric Clinic, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, University Hospital Martin, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Iveta Bujnakova
- Society to Help People with Autism (SPOSA-Turiec), 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Veronika Kovacova
- Psychiatric Clinic, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, University Hospital Martin, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Andrea Macejova
- Psychiatric Clinic, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, University Hospital Martin, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
| | - Ingrid Tonhajzerova
- Department of Physiology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, 03601 Martin, Slovakia
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27
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Burke MM, Taylor JL. To better meet the needs of autistic people, we need to rethink how we measure services. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2023; 27:873-875. [PMID: 37052345 PMCID: PMC10263256 DOI: 10.1177/13623613231164495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
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28
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Casseus M, Kim WJ, Horton DB. Prevalence and treatment of mental, behavioral, and developmental disorders in children with co-occurring autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A population-based study. Autism Res 2023; 16:855-867. [PMID: 36644987 PMCID: PMC10160807 DOI: 10.1002/aur.2894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
There is a lack of nationally representative studies examining the co-occurrence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children. This study examines comorbid mental, behavioral, and developmental disorders (MBDDs) and associated treatment modalities for children with co-occurring ASD and ADHD. Cross-sectional analyses were conducted using data from the pooled 2016-2018 National Survey of Children's Health (sample n = 102,341). Nationally representative prevalences were estimated for sociodemographic variables, comorbidities, psychotropic medication, and behavioral treatment. We assessed multivariable associations between co-occurring ASD + ADHD and MBDDs, use of psychotropic medication, and receipt of behavioral treatment after adjustment for sociodemographic confounders. Compared to children with ASD without co-occurring ADHD, children with ASD + ADHD had higher prevalence of most MBDDs, including anxiety (AOR 4.03 [95% CI 2.77, 4.87]), depression (AOR 3.08 [95% CI 1.77, 5.36]), behavior or conduct problems (AOR 4.06 [95% CI 2.72, 6.06]), and other mental health conditions. Similarly, compared to children with ADHD without ASD, children with ASD + ADHD had higher odds of anxiety (AOR 3.49 [95% CI 2.65, 4.61]), depression (AOR 1.67 [95% CI 1.21, 2.29]), behavior or conduct problems (AOR 2.31 [95% CI 1.68, 3.17]), and other mental health conditions. Children with ASD + ADHD were significantly more likely to take psychotropic medication than children with ASD without ADHD. Among children with ASD + ADHD, males had higher odds of receiving behavioral treatment, whereas older children and adolescents were more likely to take psychotropic medication. A multidisciplinary approach is necessary to support the complex needs of these children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Casseus
- Division of Population Health, Quality, and Implementation Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Wun Jung Kim
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Daniel B. Horton
- Division of Population Health, Quality, and Implementation Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
- Rutgers Center for Pharmacoepidemiology and Treatment Science, Institute for Health, Health Care Policy and Aging Research, New Brunswick, New Jersey
- Rutgers School of Public Health, Piscataway, New Jersey
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29
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Kester JS, Hill T, Thompson L, Black CL, Coriano VL, Bruton J, Baker CN. Variance in Autism Prevalence: Links With State-Level Autism Resources. JOURNAL OF DISABILITY POLICY STUDIES 2023. [DOI: 10.1177/10442073231156940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has varied over time and across the United States. This variability is likely related to external factors, such as regional differences in ASD-related resources. The study reported on here examined the links between ASD prevalence as measured by Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) Part B child count data and four aspects of state infrastructure (health care and insurance policies, clinical resources, research infrastructure, and awareness-raising individuals/organizations). This study also investigated whether these constructs varied by geographical region. The data for this study were abstracted from publicly available databases. Information on state infrastructure was gathered from high-quality reports, resource guides, certificant registries, and databases. More comprehensive ASD-relevant insurance and health care policies, more clinical resources, and greater research infrastructure were associated with higher ASD state prevalence rates as measured by the IDEA Part B child count data. Prevalence of ASD was higher in eastern U.S. states compared with southern U.S. states, but state-level ASD resources did not statistically significantly differ across geographic regions. Implications for research, practice, and policy are discussed.
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30
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Stark C, Groves NB, Kofler MJ. Is reduced social competence a mechanism linking elevated autism spectrum symptoms with increased risk for social anxiety? BRITISH JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2023; 62:129-145. [PMID: 36300947 PMCID: PMC9908854 DOI: 10.1111/bjc.12398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Approximately 50% of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) develop comorbid social anxiety disorder, and this comorbidity predicts poorer treatment outcomes than either syndrome alone. ASD and social anxiety are both associated with reduced social competence as evidenced by difficulties implementing fundamental social skills for successful social interactions, but it remains unclear whether reduced social competence reflects a mechanism that explains the increased risk for social anxiety associated with elevated autism spectrum symptoms. DESIGN/METHODS To address this gap in the literature, the current study combined multi-informant measures (child, parent and teacher report) with a sample of 194 children with and without psychiatric disorders (ages 8-13; 68 girls; 69% White/Non-Hispanic). Autism spectrum traits, social competence and social anxiety symptoms were measured continuously. RESULTS Bias-corrected, bootstrapped conditional effects modelling indicated that elevated parent-reported autism spectrum symptoms predicted reduced teacher-perceived social competence (β = -.21) and elevated child self-reported social anxiety (β = .17); reduced social competence accounted for 20% of the autism/social anxiety link (indirect pathway β = .04, ER = .20), and reduced social competence also predicted higher social anxiety independent of autism symptoms (β = -.16; all 95% CIs exclude 0.0, indicating significant effects). Exploratory analyses suggested that these findings were driven primarily by autism spectrum social communication difficulties rather than restricted/repetitive behaviours/interests. CONCLUSIONS The current findings are consistent with prior work implicating reduced social competence as a risk factor for the development of social anxiety among children with ASD, and extend prior work by demonstrating that this link is robust to control for mono-informant/mono-measure bias, age, sex, SES, majority/minoritized race/ethnicity status, clinical comorbidities, and item overlap across measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chani Stark
- Florida State University, Department of Psychology
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Benefits and Risks of Antidepressant Drugs During Pregnancy: A Systematic Review of Meta-analyses. Paediatr Drugs 2023; 25:247-265. [PMID: 36853497 DOI: 10.1007/s40272-023-00561-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prescription of antidepressant drugs during pregnancy has been steadily increasing for several decades. Meta-analyses (MAs), which increase the statistical power and precision of results, have gained interest for assessing the safety of antidepressant drugs during pregnancy. OBJECTIVE We aimed to provide a meta-review of MAs assessing the benefits and risks of antidepressant drug use during pregnancy. METHODS Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, a literature search on PubMed and Web of Science databases was conducted on 25 October, 2021, on MAs assessing the association between antidepressant drug use during pregnancy and health outcomes for the pregnant women, embryo, fetus, newborn, and developing child. Study selection and data extraction were carried out independently and in duplicate by two authors. The methodological quality of included studies was evaluated with the AMSTAR-2 tool. Overlap among MAs was assessed by calculating the corrected covered area. Data were presented in a narrative synthesis, using four levels of evidence. RESULTS Fifty-one MAs were included, all but one assessing risks. These provided evidence for a significant increase in the risks for major congenital malformations (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, paroxetine, fluoxetine, no evidence for sertraline; eight MAs), congenital heart defects (paroxetine, fluoxetine, sertraline; 11 MAs), preterm birth (eight MAs), neonatal adaptation symptoms (eight MAs), and persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (three MAs). There was limited evidence (only one MA for each outcome) for a significant increase in the risks for postpartum hemorrhage, and with a high risk of bias, for stillbirth, impaired motor development, and intellectual disability. There was inconclusive evidence, i.e., discrepant results, for an increase in the risks for spontaneous abortion, small for gestational age and low birthweight, respiratory distress, convulsions, feeding problems, and for a subsequent risk for autism with an early antidepressant drug exposure. Finally, MAs provided no evidence for an increase in the risks for gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, and for a subsequent risk for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Only one MA assessed benefits, providing limited evidence for preventing relapse in severe or recurrent depression. Effect sizes were small, except for neonatal symptoms (small to large). Results were based on MAs in which overall methodological quality was low (AMSTAR-2 score = 54.8% ± 12.9%, [19-81%]), with a high risk of bias, notably indication bias. The corrected covered area was 3.27%, which corresponds to a slight overlap. CONCLUSIONS This meta-review has implications for clinical practice and future research. First, these results suggest that antidepressant drugs should be used as a second-line treatment during pregnancy (after first-line psychotherapy, according to the guidelines). The risk of major congenital malformations could be prevented by observing guidelines that discourage the use of paroxetine and fluoxetine. Second, to decrease heterogeneity and bias, future MAs should adjust for maternal psychiatric disorders and antidepressant drug dosage, and perform analyses by timing of exposure.
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Bottema-Beutel K. We must improve the low standards underlying "evidence-based practice". AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2023; 27:269-274. [PMID: 36588301 DOI: 10.1177/13623613221146441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Jonkman KM, Back E, Begeer S. Predicting intervention use in autistic children: Demographic and autism-specific characteristics. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2023; 27:428-442. [PMID: 35695079 DOI: 10.1177/13623613221102748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
LAY ABSTRACT Autism is a condition that is characterised by social communication difficulties and restrictive and repetitive behaviours or interests. Autism can present in many different ways and various interventions are available. Some interventions are conventional, and they are recommended to be used for children with autism (guideline therapies) or for other disorders such as anxiety or attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (mainstream therapies or medication), while others are less conventional (other therapies or medication, they are discouraged, unknown or alternative). Little is known about who chooses which intervention. This study found that most autistic children use some kind of intervention. Children who attend special education or have an additional diagnosis (other than autism) tend to receive more therapies, while children with a lower IQ receive fewer therapies. Older children, children with a higher IQ and girls are more likely to use conventional (mainstream or guideline) therapies. Children whose parents have a lower educational level are more likely to have used conventional medication. Whereas, children with more sensory issues (e.g. sensitivity to sound, smell or movement) were more likely to have used unconventional medication. This study found that other autism-related characteristics such as the number of autism symptoms, social skills and repetitive and restrictive behaviours were not related to the interventions used. More treatments focussed on multiple problems should be available for children with autism who have additional difficulties.
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Rahman MM, Carter SA, Lin JC, Chow T, Yu X, Martinez MP, Chen Z, Chen JC, Rud D, Lewinger JP, van Donkelaar A, Martin RV, Eckel SP, Schwartz J, Lurmann F, Kleeman MJ, McConnell R, Xiang AH. Associations of Autism Spectrum Disorder with PM 2.5 Components: A Comparative Study Using Two Different Exposure Models. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:405-414. [PMID: 36548990 PMCID: PMC10898516 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c05197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This retrospective cohort study examined associations of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) with prenatal exposure to major fine particulate matter (PM2.5) components estimated using two independent exposure models. The cohort included 318 750 mother-child pairs with singleton deliveries in Kaiser Permanente Southern California hospitals from 2001 to 2014 and followed until age five. ASD cases during follow-up (N = 4559) were identified by ICD codes. Prenatal exposures to PM2.5, elemental (EC) and black carbon (BC), organic matter (OM), nitrate (NO3-), and sulfate (SO42-) were constructed using (i) a source-oriented chemical transport model and (ii) a hybrid model. Exposures were assigned to each maternal address during the entire pregnancy, first, second, and third trimester. In single-pollutant models, ASD was associated with pregnancy-average PM2.5, EC/BC, OM, and SO42- exposures from both exposure models, after adjustment for covariates. The direction of effect estimates was consistent for EC/BC and OM and least consistent for NO3-. EC/BC, OM, and SO42- were generally robust to adjustment for other components and for PM2.5. EC/BC and OM effect estimates were generally larger and more consistent in the first and second trimester and SO42- in the third trimester. Future PM2.5 composition health effect studies might consider using multiple exposure models and a weight of evidence approach when interpreting effect estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mostafijur Rahman
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90032, United States
| | - Sarah A Carter
- Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, California 91101, United States
| | - Jane C Lin
- Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, California 91101, United States
| | - Ting Chow
- Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, California 91101, United States
| | - Xin Yu
- Spatial Science Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Mayra P Martinez
- Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, California 91101, United States
| | - Zhanghua Chen
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90032, United States
| | - Jiu-Chiuan Chen
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90032, United States
| | - Daniel Rud
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90032, United States
| | - Juan P Lewinger
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90032, United States
| | - Aaron van Donkelaar
- Department of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Washington University at St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Randall V Martin
- Department of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Washington University at St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, United States
| | - Sandrah Proctor Eckel
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90032, United States
| | - Joel Schwartz
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Fred Lurmann
- Sonoma Technology, Inc., Petaluma, California 94954, United States
| | - Michael J Kleeman
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Rob McConnell
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90032, United States
| | - Anny H Xiang
- Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, California 91101, United States
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Rana GS, Nordsletten A, Sivananthan M, Hong V. A 6-year retrospective review of psychiatric emergency service utilization by school-age children. Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry 2023; 28:367-381. [PMID: 35594032 DOI: 10.1177/13591045211070924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
To explore utilization patterns and associated clinical factors of school-age children who present to a psychiatric emergency department. This was a 6-year retrospective chart review study of children 5-12 years of age who presented to a psychiatric emergency service from July 2012 to June 2018 (n = 1654 patients). Demographic variables, clinical diagnoses, lifetime adverse events (physical abuse, sexual abuse, and bullying), and history of self-harm were documented for each visit. We performed a chi square analysis to identify association between demographic and clinical features with key outcomes. Increased service utilization as defined by inpatient psychiatric admission, recurrent visits, or increased length of stay were found in patients who were adopted, presented with suicidal ideation or self-harm behaviors, had a history of abuse, and had a diagnosis of depression or autism. Trends over the course of the study indicated a significantly increased percentage of patients presenting with suicidal ideation, bullying, and self-harm behaviors. The data add to the limited literature regarding school-age children with a psychiatric emergency. Increased emergency service utilization for certain subgroups of children and trends over the course of the study underscore the need for enhanced treatment options for individuals with certain demographic or clinical features, and increased outpatient, intermediate, and inpatient treatment options, as well as preventative care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gagandeep S Rana
- Community Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services of St Joseph County, Centreville, MI, USA
| | - Ashley Nordsletten
- Department of Psychiatry, 1259University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Victor Hong
- Department of Psychiatry, 1259University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Rahman MM, Carter SA, Lin JC, Chow T, Yu X, Martinez MP, Levitt P, Chen Z, Chen JC, Rud D, Lewinger JP, Eckel SP, Schwartz J, Lurmann FW, Kleeman MJ, McConnell R, Xiang AH. Prenatal exposure to tailpipe and non-tailpipe tracers of particulate matter pollution and autism spectrum disorders. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 171:107736. [PMID: 36623380 PMCID: PMC9943058 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.107736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traffic-related air pollution exposure is associated with increased risk of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). It is unknown whether carbonaceous material from vehicular tailpipe emissions or redox-active non-tailpipe metals, eg. from tire and brake wear, are responsible. We assessed ASD associations with fine particulate matter (PM2.5) tracers of tailpipe (elemental carbon [EC] and organic carbon [OC]) and non-tailpipe (copper [Cu]; iron [Fe] and manganese [Mn]) sources during pregnancy in a large cohort. METHODS This retrospective cohort study included 318,750 children born in Kaiser Permanente Southern California (KPSC) hospitals during 2001-2014, followed until age 5. ASD cases were identified by ICD codes. Monthly estimates of PM2.5 and PM2.5 constituents EC, OC, Cu, Fe, and Mn with 4 km spatial resolution were obtained from a source-oriented chemical transport model. These exposures and NO2 were assigned to each maternal address during pregnancy, and associations with ASD were assessed using Cox regression models adjusted for covariates. PM constituent effect estimates were adjusted for PM2.5 and NO2 to assess independent effects. To distinguish ASD risk associated with non-tailpipe from tailpipe sources, the associations with Cu, Fe, and Mn were adjusted for EC and OC, and vice versa. RESULTS There were 4559 children diagnosed with ASD. In single-pollutant models, increased ASD risk was associated with gestational exposures to tracers of both tailpipe and non-tailpipe emissions. The ASD hazard ratios (HRs) per inter-quartile increment of exposure) for EC, OC, Cu, Fe, and Mn were 1.11 (95% CI: 1.06-1.16), 1.09 (95% CI: 1.04-1.15), 1.09 (95% CI: 1.04-1.13), 1.14 (95% CI: 1.09-1.20), and 1.17 (95% CI: 1.12-1.22), respectively. Estimated effects of Cu, Fe, and Mn (reflecting non-tailpipe sources) were largely unchanged in two-pollutant models adjusting for PM2.5, NO2, EC or OC. In contrast, ASD associations with EC and OC were markedly attenuated by adjustment for non-tailpipe sources. CONCLUSION Results suggest that non-tailpipe emissions may contribute to ASD. Implications are that reducing tailpipe emissions, especially from vehicles with internal combustion engines, may not eliminate ASD associations with traffic-related air pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mostafijur Rahman
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sarah A Carter
- Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Jane C Lin
- Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Ting Chow
- Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Xin Yu
- Spatial Science Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mayra P Martinez
- Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Pat Levitt
- Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, Program in Developmental Neuroscience and Neurogenetics, The Saban Research Institute, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Zhanghua Chen
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jiu-Chiuan Chen
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Rud
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Juan Pablo Lewinger
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sandrah P Eckel
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joel Schwartz
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Michael J Kleeman
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Rob McConnell
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Anny H Xiang
- Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA.
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Ustinova N, Namazova-Baranova L, Basova A, Soloshenko M, Vishneva E, Suleymanova Z, Lapshin M. The Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorders in the Russian Federation: A Retrospective Study. CONSORTIUM PSYCHIATRICUM 2022; 3:28-37. [PMID: 39045584 PMCID: PMC11262083 DOI: 10.17816/cp211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There has been an increase in the prevalence of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) worldwide over the past decades. Studies have shown that the number of confirmed diagnoses correlates with the awareness of the disorder among the general public and the professional community, in particular, as well as the availability of formalized screening procedures and modern medical and educational tools for families raising children with ASD in regional population centers. Thus, comparing autism prevalence rates in regions of the same country helps identify regions with limited access to diagnostic services and adequate medical care. AIM To estimate the overall number of individuals meeting the diagnostic criteria for ASD in Russia and determine the differences in the number of registered individuals with established diagnosis in the constituent territories of the Russian Federation. METHODS We conducted a retrospective, observational study and analyzed data from official statistical reports (form 12 "Information on the Number of Diseases Registered in Patients Residing in the Service Area of a Healthcare Institution" for 2020-2021). RESULTS A steady upward trend in the number of individuals with autism has been observed since 2014 in the Russian Federation as a whole and in the federal districts, although the prevalence rates differ from the global median prevalence of ASD (all-Russian figure by almost 40 times). In addition, regional differences (by 104.5 times) in the frequency of the diagnosis have been revealed: from a minimum of 1.7 to a maximum of 177.7 per 100,000 population. The percentile distribution of the number of individuals with ASD that are followed-up at healthcare facilities in the constituent territories of the Russian Federation was in the interquartile range (25-75th percentile), below the 25th percentile, and above the 75th percentile in 38, 26 and 21 regions, respectively. CONCLUSION The study has shown significant differences in the ASD diagnosis rates by regions in the country against a backdrop of a low (compared to international data) number of registered cases of autism. The presented data suggest that, due to the lack of proper diagnosis, a significant number of individuals with ASD do not receive adequate medical care, nor do they receive social, psychological, or pedagogical support. Possible reasons for this probably include low awareness of new diagnostic approaches among psychiatrists; low level of involvement of pediatrics professionals in screening activities; and fear of stigmatization because of a psychiatric diagnosis in the absence of a developed medical care infrastructure that encompasses a social, psychological, and pedagogical support system for people with ASD.
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Cornell E, Blanchard A, Chihuri S, DiGuiseppi CG, Li G. Poisoning-related emergency department visits in children with autism spectrum disorder. Inj Epidemiol 2022; 9:41. [PMID: 36544233 PMCID: PMC9768872 DOI: 10.1186/s40621-022-00402-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex neurodevelopmental condition, and its prevalence has increased markedly in the past two decades. Research indicates that people with ASD are at increased risk for premature mortality from injuries. Often, children with ASD are prescribed multiple medications, increasing their risk for intentional and unintentional poisonings. We examined the epidemiologic patterns of emergency department (ED)-treated poisonings in children with ASD and the association of ED-treated poisonings with ASD according to common co-occurring conditions. METHODS We analyzed data from the Nationwide Emergency Department Sample for 2016-2018 to estimate the frequencies of ED-treated poisonings among autistic children aged 1-20 years and adjusted odds ratios of ED-treated poisoning associated with ASD in the presence or absence of co-occurring attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or intellectual disability (ID). The ICD-10-CM external cause-of-injury matrix was utilized to identify poisoning cases. RESULTS During 2016-2018, there were an estimated 523,232 ED visits in children with ASD aged 1-20 years, including 12,152 (2.3%) visits for poisoning. Of ED-treated poisonings in children with ASD, 73.6% were related to pharmaceutical drugs, such as psychotropic medications and prescription opioids, 16.6% were intentional, 36.5% were unintentional, and 47.0% were undetermined. Among children with ASD, those aged 5-9 had the highest odds of poisoning-related ED visits compared to all other age-groups (adjusted OR = 3.41; 95% CI 3.15, 3.68). The odds of poisoning for children with ASD were 59.0% greater than for their peers (adjusted OR = 1.59; 95% CI 1.53, 1.66) and varied significantly with age and co-occurring ADHD or ID. CONCLUSIONS Children with ASD are at a significantly increased risk of poisoning, particularly among those aged 5-9 years. Co-occurring ADHD or ID with ASD further increases the risk of poisoning. Interventions to reduce poisoning in children with ASD should prioritize the safety of prescription medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Cornell
- grid.21729.3f0000000419368729Heilbrunn Department of Population and Family Health, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, 722 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - Ashley Blanchard
- grid.21729.3f0000000419368729Department of Emergency Medicine, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, 3959 Broadway, CHN-1-116, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - Stanford Chihuri
- grid.21729.3f0000000419368729Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, 622 West 168th St, PH5-505, New York, NY 10032 USA
| | - Carolyn G. DiGuiseppi
- grid.430503.10000 0001 0703 675XDepartment of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 13001 E. 17th Place, Mail Stop B119, Bldg. 500, Rm. W3138, Aurora, CO 80045 USA
| | - Guohua Li
- grid.21729.3f0000000419368729Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, 622 West 168th St, PH5-505, New York, NY 10032 USA
- grid.21729.3f0000000419368729Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, 622 West 168th St, PH5-505, New York, NY 10032 USA
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Li Q, Li Y, Yang W. Trends in Autism Spectrum Disorder Among Children and Adolescents in the US From 2016 to 2020-Reply. JAMA Pediatr 2022; 176:1271-1272. [PMID: 36279122 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2022.4112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yanmei Li
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wenhan Yang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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de Camargo RW, de Novais Júnior LR, da Silva LM, Meneguzzo V, Daros GC, da Silva MG, de Bitencourt RM. Implications of the endocannabinoid system and the therapeutic action of cannabinoids in autism spectrum disorder: A literature review. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2022; 221:173492. [PMID: 36379443 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2022.173492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder, onset in early childhood and associated with cognitive, social, behavioral, and sensory impairments. The pathophysiology is still unclear, and it is believed that genetic and environmental factors are fully capable of influencing ASD, especially cell signaling and microglial functions. Furthermore, the endocannabinoid system (ECS) participates in the modulation of various brain processes and is also involved in the pathophysiological mechanisms of this condition. Due to the health and quality of life impacts of autism for the patient and his/her family and the lack of effective medications, the literature has elucidated the possibility that Cannabis phytocannabinoids act favorably on ASD symptoms, probably through the modulation of neurotransmitters, in addition to endogenous ligands derived from arachidonic acid, metabolizing enzymes and even transporters of the membrane. These findings support the notion that there are links between key features of ASD and ECS due to the favorable actions of cannabidiol (CBD) and other cannabinoids on symptoms related to behavioral and cognitive disorders, as well as deficits in communication and social interaction, hyperactivity, anxiety and sleep disorders. Thus, phytocannabinoids emerge as therapeutic alternatives for ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rick Wilhiam de Camargo
- Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Tubarão, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
| | | | - Larissa Mendes da Silva
- Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Tubarão, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Vicente Meneguzzo
- Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Tubarão, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Cabreira Daros
- Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Tubarão, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Marina Goulart da Silva
- Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, University of Southern Santa Catarina, Tubarão, Santa Catarina, Brazil
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Characteristics and treatment patterns of autism spectrum disorder in China, 2020. Psychiatry Res 2022; 317:114879. [PMID: 36215776 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of children diagnosed with ASD in China and to estimate ASD treatment patterns in 2020. This study used data from the 2020 Survey on Family Circumstance and Demand Support and Resources among Autistic Children in China. The study sample included 4,557 children diagnosed with ASD aged 2-16 years old. Data were collected through questionnaires completed by parents. Of the 4,557 children with ASD, there was a male-to-female ratio of 5.75:1, and the average age when ASD risk symptoms were first reported was 27.97(SD=10.83) months. Higher proportions of families with highly educated parents (college and above; around 58%) and advanced parental age at childbirth (≥35 years; over 50%) were found among autistic children. Additionally, about 41.05% of autistic children had an immediate family member diagnosed with mental/intellectual disorders. In terms of the treatment patterns for autistic children, 84.82% had received behavioral and developmental treatments and 77.74% had received therapy-based treatments, whereas 3% children had not received any treatment. Higher odds of non-treatment were found among children who were male (OR=1.69, 95% CI: 1.01,3.03) and had ASD diagnosed later on (OR= 1.02, 95% CI:1.01,1.03), as compared to their counterparts. Future studies will need to explore the etiology of the disparities of ASD, and policy efforts are critically needed to understand and address the barriers for children with ASD to receive appropriate treatments.
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Schuck RK, Tagavi DM, Baiden KMP, Dwyer P, Williams ZJ, Osuna A, Ferguson EF, Jimenez Muñoz M, Poyser SK, Johnson JF, Vernon TW. Neurodiversity and Autism Intervention: Reconciling Perspectives Through a Naturalistic Developmental Behavioral Intervention Framework. J Autism Dev Disord 2022; 52:4625-4645. [PMID: 34643863 PMCID: PMC9508016 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-021-05316-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Proponents of autism intervention and those of the neurodiversity movement often appear at odds, the former advocating for intensive treatments and the latter arguing that autism must be accepted as a form of diversity. The history of behavioral intervention has understandably outraged many in the Autistic community, though many still value supports focused on quality of life. This commentary argues that Naturalistic Developmental Behavioral Interventions (NDBIs) hold promise for bridging the gap between early intervention and the neurodiversity movement. However, we recognize NDBIs have much room to grow and suggest multiple strategies for improvement. We believe these updates are not only feasible for clinicians and researchers to implement but will ultimately lead to improved quality of life for Autistic individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel K Schuck
- Gevirtz Graduate School of Education, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
| | - Daina M Tagavi
- Gevirtz Graduate School of Education, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Kaitlynn M P Baiden
- Gevirtz Graduate School of Education, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Patrick Dwyer
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Center for Mind and Brain, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Zachary J Williams
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Frist Center for Autism and Innovation, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Anthony Osuna
- Gevirtz Graduate School of Education, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Emily F Ferguson
- Gevirtz Graduate School of Education, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Maria Jimenez Muñoz
- Gevirtz Graduate School of Education, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Samantha K Poyser
- Gevirtz Graduate School of Education, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | | | - Ty W Vernon
- Gevirtz Graduate School of Education, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
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43
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Pearson A, Surtees A, Crompton CJ, Goodall C, Pillai D, Sedgewick F, Au-Yeung SK. Editorial: Addressing community priorities in autism research. Front Psychol 2022; 13:1040446. [PMID: 36237673 PMCID: PMC9552333 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1040446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Amy Pearson
- Faculty of Health and Wellbeing Sciences, School of Psychology, University of Sunderland, Sunderland, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Amy Pearson
| | - Andrew Surtees
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Birmingham Women's and Children's National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine J. Crompton
- The Division of Psychiatry, The Salvesen Mindroom Research Centre, Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Craig Goodall
- St Mary's University College, Queen's University, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Sheena K. Au-Yeung
- Clinical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychology, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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Noel JP, Paredes R, Terrebonne E, Feldman JI, Woynaroski T, Cascio CJ, Seriès P, Wallace MT. Inflexible Updating of the Self-Other Divide During a Social Context in Autism: Psychophysical, Electrophysiological, and Neural Network Modeling Evidence. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2022; 7:756-764. [PMID: 33845169 PMCID: PMC8521572 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2021.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) affects many aspects of life, from social interactions to (multi)sensory processing. Similarly, the condition expresses at a variety of levels of description, from genetics to neural circuits and interpersonal behavior. We attempt to bridge between domains and levels of description by detailing the behavioral, electrophysiological, and putative neural network basis of peripersonal space (PPS) updating in ASD during a social context, given that the encoding of this space relies on appropriate multisensory integration, is malleable by social context, and is thought to delineate the boundary between the self and others. METHODS Fifty (20 male/30 female) young adults, either diagnosed with ASD or age- and sex-matched individuals, took part in a visuotactile reaction time task indexing PPS, while high-density electroencephalography was continuously recorded. Neural network modeling was performed in silico. RESULTS Multisensory psychophysics demonstrates that while PPS in neurotypical individuals shrinks in the presence of others-as to "give space"-this does not occur in ASD. Likewise, electroencephalography recordings suggest that multisensory integration is altered by social context in neurotypical individuals but not in individuals with ASD. Finally, a biologically plausible neural network model shows, as a proof of principle, that PPS updating may be inflexible in ASD owing to the altered excitatory/inhibitory balance that characterizes neural circuits in animal models of ASD. CONCLUSIONS Findings are conceptually in line with recent statistical inference accounts, suggesting diminished flexibility in ASD, and further these observations by suggesting within an example relevant for social cognition that such inflexibility may be due to excitatory/inhibitory imbalances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Paul Noel
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, New York.
| | - Renato Paredes
- Institute for Adaptive and Neural Computation, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Emily Terrebonne
- Undergraduate Neuroscience Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Jacob I Feldman
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Tiffany Woynaroski
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Carissa J Cascio
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Peggy Seriès
- Institute for Adaptive and Neural Computation, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Mark T Wallace
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee; Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
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Hao Z, Shi Y, Huang L, Sun J, Li M, Gao Y, Li J, Wang Q, Zhan L, Ding Q, Jia X, Li H. The Atypical Effective Connectivity of Right Temporoparietal Junction in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Multi-Site Study. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:927556. [PMID: 35924226 PMCID: PMC9340667 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.927556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Social function impairment is the core deficit of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Although many studies have investigated ASD through a variety of neuroimaging tools, its brain mechanism of social function remains unclear due to its complex and heterogeneous symptoms. The present study aimed to use resting-state functional magnetic imaging data to explore effective connectivity between the right temporoparietal junction (RTPJ), one of the key brain regions associated with social impairment of individuals with ASD, and the whole brain to further deepen our understanding of the neuropathological mechanism of ASD. This study involved 1,454 participants from 23 sites from the Autism Brain Imaging Data Exchange (ABIDE) public dataset, which included 618 individuals with ASD and 836 with typical development (TD). First, a voxel-wise Granger causality analysis (GCA) was conducted with the RTPJ selected as the region of interest (ROI) to investigate the differences in effective connectivity between the ASD and TD groups in every site. Next, to obtain further accurate and representative results, an image-based meta-analysis was implemented to further analyze the GCA results of each site. Our results demonstrated abnormal causal connectivity between the RTPJ and the widely distributed brain regions and that the connectivity has been associated with social impairment in individuals with ASD. The current study could help to further elucidate the pathological mechanisms of ASD and provides a new perspective for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeqi Hao
- School of Teacher Education, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Education Technology and Application, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Yuyu Shi
- School of Teacher Education, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Education Technology and Application, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Lina Huang
- Department of Radiology, Changshu No. 2 People's Hospital, The Affiliated Changshu Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Changshu, China
| | - Jiawei Sun
- School of Information and Electronics Technology, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Mengting Li
- School of Teacher Education, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Education Technology and Application, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Yanyan Gao
- School of Teacher Education, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Education Technology and Application, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Jing Li
- School of Teacher Education, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Education Technology and Application, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- School of Teacher Education, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Education Technology and Application, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Linlin Zhan
- School of Western Languages, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
| | - Qingguo Ding
- Department of Radiology, Changshu No. 2 People's Hospital, The Affiliated Changshu Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Changshu, China
| | - Xize Jia
- School of Teacher Education, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Education Technology and Application, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
| | - Huayun Li
- School of Teacher Education, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
- Key Laboratory of Intelligent Education Technology and Application, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China
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Mehta R, Kuhad A, Bhandari R. Nitric oxide pathway as a plausible therapeutic target in autism spectrum disorders. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2022; 26:659-679. [DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2022.2100252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rishab Mehta
- Pharmacology Research Laboratory, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC-Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh – 160 014 India
| | - Anurag Kuhad
- Pharmacology Research Laboratory, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC-Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh – 160 014 India
| | - Ranjana Bhandari
- Pharmacology Research Laboratory, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UGC-Centre of Advanced Study, Panjab University, Chandigarh – 160 014 India
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47
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Rol de la terapia farmacológica en los trastornos del espectro autista. REVISTA MÉDICA CLÍNICA LAS CONDES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rmclc.2022.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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48
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Kim A, Zisman CR, Holingue C. Influences of the Immune System and Microbiome on the Etiology of ASD and GI Symptomology of Autistic Individuals. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2022; 61:141-161. [PMID: 35711026 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2022_371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorder is a developmental condition associated with impairments in communication and social interactions, and repetitive and restricted behavior or interests. Autistic individuals are more likely to experience gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms than neurotypical individuals. This may be partially due to dysbiosis of the gut microbiome. In this article, we describe the interaction of the microbiome and immune system on autism etiology. We also summarize the links between the microbiome and gastrointestinal and related symptoms among autistic individuals. We report that microbial interventions, including diet, probiotics, antibiotics, and fecal transplants, and immune-modulating therapies such as cytokine blockade during the preconception, pregnancy, and postnatal period may impact the neurodevelopment, behavior, and gastrointestinal health of autistic individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Kim
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Corina R Zisman
- Department of Psychology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Calliope Holingue
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Center for Autism and Related Disorders, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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In vivo imaging translocator protein (TSPO) in autism spectrum disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology 2022; 47:1421-1427. [PMID: 35383319 PMCID: PMC9117200 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-022-01306-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Converging evidence points to the significant involvement of the immune system in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Positron emission tomography (PET) can quantify translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO), a marker with increased expression mainly in microglia and, to some extent astroglia during neuropsychiatric diseases with inflammation. This preliminary analysis explored, for the first time, whether TSPO binding was altered in male and female participants with ASD in vivo using full kinetic quantification. Thirteen individuals with ASD (IQ > 70 [n = 12], IQ = 62 [n = 1]), 5 F, 25 ± 5 years) were scanned with [18F]FEPPA PET. Data from 13 typically developing control participants with matching age and TSPO rs6971 polymorphism (9 F, age 24 ± 5 years) were chosen from previous studies for comparison. The two tissue compartment model (2TCM) was used to determine the total volume of distribution ([18F]FEPPA VT) in four previously identified regions of interest (ROI): prefrontal, temporal, cerebellar, and anterior cingulate cortices. We observe no significant difference in [18F]FEPPA VT relative to controls (F(1,26)= 1.74, p = 0.20). However, 2 ASD participants with higher VT had concurrent major depressive episodes (MDE), which has been consistently reported during MDE. After excluding those 2 ASD participants, in a post-hoc analysis, our results show lower [18F]FEPPA VT in ASD participants compared to controls (F(1,24)= 6.62, p = 0.02). This preliminary analysis provides evidence suggesting an atypical neuroimmune state in ASD.
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Hampton LH, Stern YS, Fipp-Rosenfield H, Bearss K, Roberts MY. Parent-Implemented Positive Behavior Support Strategies for Young Children on the Autism Spectrum: A Pilot Investigation. JOURNAL OF SPEECH, LANGUAGE, AND HEARING RESEARCH : JSLHR 2022; 65:1921-1938. [PMID: 35394818 PMCID: PMC9559662 DOI: 10.1044/2022_jslhr-21-00361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Parents of children on the autism spectrum enrolled in early intervention often receive coaching to address both social communication and disruptive behavior, which are the two most frequently reported concerns by parents. Intervention techniques for both are often recommended to be implemented across daily routines and require the parents to learn new ways of interacting with their child. A sequential approach to instructing parents in these key intervention targets may reduce burden and increase adherence. METHOD This multiple-baseline design pilot study included three mother-child dyads who received instruction in a disruptive behavior intervention immediately following a social communication intervention. Maternal maintenance of social communication strategies and child disruptive behaviors were measured during probes throughout the study. RESULTS Results indicate that although mothers readily learned to implement the techniques, fidelity of implementing social communication strategies declined after introduction of the positive behavior support strategies. CONCLUSIONS A sequenced approach to parent-mediated intervention is feasible and acceptable. Clinical implications and future directions are discussed. SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.19528978.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yael S. Stern
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL
| | - Hannah Fipp-Rosenfield
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL
| | - Karen Bearss
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Megan Y. Roberts
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL
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