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Núñez-de la Rosa Y, Broterson YB, Ballesteros-Ballesteros VA, Durango LGC, Toledo JLN, Forim MR, de Souza FL, Hammer P, Aquino JM. Oxidation of imidacloprid insecticide through PMS activation using CuFe 2O 4 nanoparticles: Role of process parameters and surface modifications. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 362:142558. [PMID: 38851513 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
The contamination of water bodies by synthetic organic compounds coupled with climate change and the growing demand for water supply calls for new approaches to water management and treatment. To tackle the decontamination issue, the activation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) using copper magnetic ferrite (CuMF) nanoparticles prepared under distinct synthesis conditions was assessed to oxidize imidacloprid (IMD) insecticide. After optimization of some operational variables, such as CuMF load (62.5-250 mg L-1), PMS concentration (250-1000 μM), and solution pH (3-10), IMD was completely oxidized in 2 h without interferences from leached metal ions. Such performance was also achieved when using tap water but was inhibited by a simulated municipal wastewater due to scavenging effects promoted by inorganic and organic species. Although there was evidence of the presence of sulfate radicals and singlet oxygen oxidizing species, only four intermediate compounds were detected by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry analysis, mainly due to hydroxyl addition reactions. Concerning the changes in surface properties of CuMF after use, no morphological or structural changes were observed except a small increase in the charge transfer resistance. Based on the changes of terminal surface groups, PMS activation occurred on Fe sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeison Núñez-de la Rosa
- Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Department of Chemistry, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil; Fundación Universitaria Los Libertadores, Faculty of Engineering and Basic Sciences, 111221, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Yoisel B Broterson
- Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Department of Chemistry, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Jorge Luis Nisperuza Toledo
- Fundación Universitaria Los Libertadores, Faculty of Engineering and Basic Sciences, 111221, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Moacir Rossi Forim
- Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Department of Chemistry, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Lourdes de Souza
- São Paulo University, Institute of Chemistry of São Carlos, Department of Chemistry and Molecular Physics, Trabalhador São-Carlense Avenue, 400, CEP 13566-590, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | - Peter Hammer
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Chemistry, Department of Physical Chemistry, 14800-900, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - José M Aquino
- Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), Department of Chemistry, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
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2
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Yuan T, Ding S, Xue F, Du Z, Yang X, Han Q, Ma M, Chen X. Reactivity and reaction pathways of peroxymonosulfate and peroxydisulfate with neonicotinoid insecticides. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 248:120852. [PMID: 37976950 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Neonicotinoid insecticides (NNIs), which have been detected across diverse aquatic environments, have sparked substantial concerns regarding their potential adverse ecological and health risks. In this study, the removal of NNIs by unactivated peroxymonosulfate (PMS) and peroxydisulfate (PDS) was systematically investigated. Results showed that PMS/PDS direct oxidation is mainly responsible for the degradation of imidacloprid (IMD), and the degradation kinetics can be well described by a second-order kinetics model, first-order in both IMD and PMS/PDS concentration. The species-specific reaction rate constants of HSO5- and SO52- with IMD were calculated to be 429.36 ± 15.41 M-1h-1 and 9.72 ± 35.48 M-1h-1, while the corresponding rate constant between S2O82- and IMD is 25.04 ± 3.04 M-1h-1. Over 100 transformation products in the degradation of IMD by PMS/PDS were identified by HPLC/Q-Orbitrap HRMS, and five major reaction pathways were proposed thereafter: hydroxylation on imidazolidine ring, olefin reaction on imidazolidine ring, desnitro reaction on nitroguanidine moiety, and two chain-breaking reactions between imidazolidine ring and chloro-pyridyl moiety. Toxicity evaluation on the transformation products found that their ecotoxicity is various at a wide range with an overall indeterminacy, while their bioconcentration factors show a definite decrease. The reactivity of six NNIs with PMS/PDS was found varied by structures but generally low, indicating that in-situ oxidation with unactivated PMS/PDS is safe but inefficiency for the mitigation of NNIs. It is thus suggested that further investigations into activated PMS/PDS systems involving radicals promise enhanced remediation of NNIs, and fundamental data in this study has laid the groundwork.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taoyue Yuan
- College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Shunke Ding
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Fei Xue
- College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Zhenqi Du
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xinyu Yang
- College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Qingzhi Han
- College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Mengtao Ma
- College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Xiaoyan Chen
- College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, 159 Longpan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China; State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China.
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3
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Arslan E, Haslak ZP, Monard G, Dogan I, Aviyente V. Quantum Mechanical Prediction of Dissociation Constants for Thiazol-2-imine Derivatives. J Chem Inf Model 2023; 63:2992-3004. [PMID: 37126823 PMCID: PMC10207282 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.2c01468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
As weak acids or bases, in solution, drug molecules are in either their ionized or nonionized states. A high degree of ionization is essential for good water solubility of a drug molecule and is required for drug-receptor interactions, whereas the nonionized form improves a drug's lipophilicity, allowing the ligand to cross the cell membrane. The penetration of a drug ligand through cell membranes is mainly governed by the pKa of the drug molecule and the membrane environment. In this study, with the aim of predicting the acetonitrile pKa's (pKa(MeCN)) of eight drug-like thiazol-2-imine derivatives, we propose a very accurate and computationally affordable protocol by using several quantum mechanical approaches. Benchmark studies were conducted on a set of training molecules, which were selected from the literature with known pKa(water) and pKa(MeCN). Highly well-correlated pKa values were obtained when the calculations were performed with the isodesmic method at the M062X/6-31G** level of theory in conjunction with SMD solvation model for nitrogen-containing heterocycles. Finally, experimentally unknown pKa(MeCN) values of eight thiazol-2-imine structures, which were previously synthesized by some of us, are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evrim Arslan
- Department
of Chemistry, Bogazici University, Bebek, 34342 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Pinar Haslak
- Department
of Chemistry, Bogazici University, Bebek, 34342 Istanbul, Turkey
- Université
de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51687 Reims, France
| | - Gérald Monard
- Université
de Lorraine, CNRS, LPCT, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Ilknur Dogan
- Department
of Chemistry, Bogazici University, Bebek, 34342 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Viktorya Aviyente
- Department
of Chemistry, Bogazici University, Bebek, 34342 Istanbul, Turkey
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4
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Gutiérrez-Sánchez P, Navarro P, Álvarez-Torrellas S, García J, Larriba M. Extraction of neonicotinoid pesticides from aquatic environmental matrices with sustainable terpenoids and eutectic solvents. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.122148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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5
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Real FJ, Acero JL, Benitez FJ, Matamoros E. Elimination of neonicotinoids by ozone-based advanced oxidation processes: Kinetics and performance in real water matrices. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.121975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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6
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Schweizer M, von der Ohe PC, Gräff T, Kühnen U, Hebel J, Heid C, Kundy L, Kuttler J, Moroff FM, Schlösinger AF, Schulze-Berge P, Triebskorn R, Panagopoulou E, Damalas DE, Thomaidis NS, Köhler HR. Heart rate as an early warning parameter and proxy for subsequent mortality in Danio rerio embryos exposed to ionisable substances. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 818:151744. [PMID: 34808159 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Environmental risk assessments of organic chemicals usually do not consider pH as a key factor. Hence, most substances are tested at a single pH only, which may underestimate the toxicity of ionisable substances with a pKa in the range of 4-10. Thus, the ability to consider the pH-dependent toxicity would be crucial for a more realistic assessment. Moreover, there is a tendency in acute toxicity tests to focus on mortality only, while little attention is paid to sublethal endpoints. We used Danio rerio embryos exposed to ten ionisable substances (the acids diclofenac, ibuprofen, naproxen and triclosan and the bases citalopram, fluoxetine, metoprolol, propranolol, tramadol and tetracaine) at four external pH levels, investigating the endpoints mortality (LC50) and heart rate (EC20). Dose-response curves were fitted with an ensemble-model to determine the true uncertainty and variation around the mean endpoints. The ensemble considers eight (heart rate) or twelve (mortality) individual models for binominal and Poisson distributed data, respectively, selected based on the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC). In case of equally good models, the mean endpoint of all models in the ensemble was calculated, resulting in more robust ECx estimates with lower 'standard errors' as compared to randomly selected individual models. We detected a high correlation between mortality (LC50) at 96 hpf and reduced heart rate (EC20) at 48 hpf for all compounds and all external pH levels (r = 0.98). Moreover, the observed pH-dependent effects were strongly associated with log D and thus, likely driven by differences in uptake (toxicokinetic) rather than internal (toxicodynamic) processes. Prospectively, the a priori consideration of pH-dependent effects of ionisable substances might make testing at different pH levels redundant, while the endpoint of mortality might even be replaced by a reliable sublethal proxy that would reduce the exposure, accelerating the evaluation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Schweizer
- Animal Physiological Ecology, Institute of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 5, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Gräff
- German Environment Agency, Wörlitzer Platz 1, 06844 Dessau-Roßlau, Germany
| | - Ute Kühnen
- German Environment Agency, Wörlitzer Platz 1, 06844 Dessau-Roßlau, Germany
| | - Janine Hebel
- Animal Physiological Ecology, Institute of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 5, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christoph Heid
- Animal Physiological Ecology, Institute of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 5, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lone Kundy
- Animal Physiological Ecology, Institute of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 5, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Julia Kuttler
- Animal Physiological Ecology, Institute of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 5, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Friederike-Marie Moroff
- Animal Physiological Ecology, Institute of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 5, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anne-Frida Schlösinger
- Animal Physiological Ecology, Institute of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 5, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Pia Schulze-Berge
- Animal Physiological Ecology, Institute of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 5, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Rita Triebskorn
- Animal Physiological Ecology, Institute of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 5, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany; Steinbeis-Transfer Center Ecotoxicology and Ecophysiology, Blumenstrasse 13, D-72108 Rottenburg, Germany
| | - Elena Panagopoulou
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, GR-15784 Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios E Damalas
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, GR-15784 Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos S Thomaidis
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, GR-15784 Athens, Greece
| | - Heinz-R Köhler
- Animal Physiological Ecology, Institute of Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 5, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
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7
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Juraschek LM, Kappenberg A, Amelung W. Mycotoxins in soil and environment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 814:152425. [PMID: 34952071 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by specific fungi that have harmful effects on animals and humans. Worldwide more than 300 different mycotoxins are already known, frequently with concentrations in harvest products exceeding acceptable limits. Nevertheless, although these compounds have extensively been studied in food and feed, only little is known about their occurrence and fate in soil and agro-environmental matrices, such as manure, sewage sludge, drainage water and sediments. Therefore, the aim of this review was to (i) resume available methods for quantifying mycotoxins in soil, (ii) describe the occurrence and quantities of mycotoxins in soil and related agro-environmental matrices, and (iii) discuss the environmental fate of these target compounds with specific focus on their leaching potential into groundwater. The safest and most reliable method for mycotoxin quantification relies on mass spectrometry, while the extraction method and solvent composition differ depending on the compound under investigation. Mycotoxin levels detected in soils to date were in the μg range, reaching maximum amounts of 72.1 μg kg-1 for zearalenone, 32.1 μg kg-1 for deoxynivalenol, 23.7 μg kg-1 for ochratoxin A, 6.7 μg kg-1 for nivalenol, and 5.5 μg kg-1 for aflatoxin. Different compartments in the agroecosystem (cereals, corn, rice, water, manure, sewage sludge) each contained at least one mycotoxin. Mycotoxin retention in soils is controlled by texture, with significant adsorption of the compounds to clays but leaching potentials in sandy soils. We did not find any reports detecting mycotoxins in sediments, although there are increasing reports of mycotoxins in freshwater samples. Overall, it appears that soils and sediments are still underrepresented in research on potential environmental contamination with mycotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Marie Juraschek
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), Soil Science and Soil Ecology, University of Bonn, Nussallee 13, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Arne Kappenberg
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), Soil Science and Soil Ecology, University of Bonn, Nussallee 13, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Wulf Amelung
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation (INRES), Soil Science and Soil Ecology, University of Bonn, Nussallee 13, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
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8
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Duncan KM, Casey A, Gobrogge CA, Trousdale RC, Piontek SM, Cook MJ, Steel WH, Walker RA. Coumarin Partitioning in Model Biological Membranes: Limitations of log P as a Predictor. J Phys Chem B 2020; 124:8299-8308. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c06109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn M. Duncan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
| | - Aoife Casey
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
| | - Christine A. Gobrogge
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
| | - Rhys C. Trousdale
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
| | - Stefan M. Piontek
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
| | - Matthew J. Cook
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
| | - William H. Steel
- Department of Chemistry, York College of Pennsylvania, York, Pennsylvania 17403, United States
| | - Robert A. Walker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
- Montana Materials Science Program, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
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9
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Abebie B, Philosoph-Hadas S, Riov J, Huberman M, Goren R, Meir S. Raising the pH of the Pulsing Solution Improved the Acropetal Transport of NAA and 2,4-D and Their Efficacy in Reducing Floret Bud Abscission of Red Cestrum Cut Flowers. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:825. [PMID: 32670317 PMCID: PMC7327294 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The use of auxins to improve the vase life of cut flowers is very limited. Previous studies demonstrated that a pulse treatment of Red Cestrum (Cestrum elegans Schlecht.) cut flowers with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) significantly reduced floret bud abscission, whereas 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) was ineffective. This difference resulted, at least in part, from the higher acropetal transport capability of 2,4-D compared to that of NAA. The present research focused on examining the factors affecting the acropetal transport, and hence the efficacy of the two auxins in reducing floret bud abscission of Red Cestrum cut flowers. We assumed that the differential acropetal transport capability of the two auxins results from the difference in their dissociation constants (pKa), with values of 2.75 and 4.23 for 2,4-D and NAA, respectively, which affects their pH-dependent physicochemical properties. Thus, increasing the pH of the pulsing solution above the pKa of both auxins might improve their acropetal movement. Indeed, the results of the present research show that raising the pH of the pulsing solution to pH 7.0 and above improved the efficacy of the two auxins in reducing floret bud abscission, with a higher effect on 2,4-D than that on NAA. Raising the pH of the pulsing solution decreased the adsorption and/or uptake of the two auxins by the cells adjacent to the xylem vessels, leading to an increase in their acropetal transport. The high pH of the pulsing solution increased the dissociation and hence decreased the lipophilicity of the auxin molecules, leading to improved acropetal movement. This effect was corroborated by the significant reduction in their 1-octanol/water partition coefficient (K OW ) values with the increase in the pH. A significant increase in the CeIAA1 transcript level was obtained in response to 2,4-D pulsing at pH 7.0 and 8.25 and to NAA pulsing at pH 8.25, indicating that the acropetally transported auxins were taken up by the cells under these conditions. Our data suggest that raising the pH of the pulsing solution would significantly contribute to the increased efficacy of auxins in improving the vase life of cut flowers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bekele Abebie
- Department of Postharvest Science, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sonia Philosoph-Hadas
- Department of Postharvest Science, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Joseph Riov
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Moshe Huberman
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Raphael Goren
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Shimon Meir
- Department of Postharvest Science, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
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10
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de Oliveira LL, Kudo MV, Lopes CT, Tarley CR. Development and multivariate optimization of nanostructured supramolecular liquid-liquid microextraction validated method for highly sensitive determination of methyl parathion in water samples. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.113026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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11
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Emonds-Alt G, Mignolet B, Malherbe C, Monbaliu JCM, Remacle F, Eppe G. Understanding chemical interaction between phosphonate-derivative molecules and a silver surface cluster in SERS: a combined experimental and computational approach. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:22180-22187. [PMID: 31469145 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp01615e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The interaction between phosphonate functions and a silver surface cluster is investigated using Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS). Changing the functional group (methylphosphonic acid based molecule) by studying the effect of protonation, methylation and substitution of the side chain with amine and carboxylate functions enabled us to modulate the chemical interactions between the different functions and the metal cluster. We find that the adsorption energy of the methylphosphonic acid decreases with the protonation, the methylation processes and the substitution of the side chain. In all cases, only the deprotonated phosphonate forms are SERS active. To understand how the molecules interact with the nanoparticle, the electronic structure, adsorption energies and Raman spectra were computed for molecules adsorbed on a 20 atom silver cluster representing a nanoparticle surface. The qualitative agreement between computed static Raman spectra and experimental SERS spectra makes it possible to determine stable geometries of the analyte-silver cluster complexes and to characterize the adsorption modes. The findings presented here provide a framework for designing analytical developments based on SERS for simultaneous detection of phosphonated molecules, including pesticides such as glyphosate, creating practical opportunities in key areas such as environmental and water resource in situ monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gauthier Emonds-Alt
- Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, MolSys Research Unit, University of Liège, B4000 Liège, Belgium.
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12
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Buchweitz JP, Viner TC, Lehner AF. Qualitative identification of imidacloprid in postmortem animal tissue by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Toxicol Mech Methods 2019; 29:511-517. [PMID: 31070080 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2019.1616344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
During an avian mass mortality event investigation at the National Fish and Wildlife Forensic Laboratory in Ashland, OR, imidacloprid became an insecticide of concern. A qualitative analytical toxicology screen of seeds, plucks (tongue, esophagus, and trachea), and ventricular contents was requested. A method for the extraction and qualitative analysis of the insecticide in animal tissues was therefore developed. The procedure relies on a combined Food Emergency Response Network (FERN) and QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe) approach to sample extraction followed by qualitative analysis by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Since imidacloprid is not amenable to the conditions of gas chromatography, a trimethylsilyl derivative was created and characterized. Proposed mechanisms for the creation of this derivative and its mass spectrum are described. The imidacloprid-trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivative was detected in all samples submitted.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Buchweitz
- a Michigan State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University , Lansing , MI , USA.,b Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation , College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University , East Lansing , MI , USA
| | - Tabitha C Viner
- c National Fish and Wildlife Forensic Laboratory , Ashland , OR , USA
| | - Andreas F Lehner
- a Michigan State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University , Lansing , MI , USA
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13
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Pérez-Chávez NA, Albesa AG, Longo GS. Molecular theory of glyphosate adsorption to pH-responsive polymer layers. ADSORPTION 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10450-019-00091-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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14
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Comparison of MIL-101(Fe) and amine-functionalized MIL-101(Fe) as photocatalysts for the removal of imidacloprid in aqueous solution. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-019-01647-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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15
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Mhadhbi T, Pringault O, Nouri H, Spinelli S, Beyrem H, Gonzalez C. Evaluating polar pesticide pollution with a combined approach: a survey of agricultural practices and POCIS passive samplers in a Tunisian lagoon watershed. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:342-361. [PMID: 30397753 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3552-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A study of pesticides in the Bizerte lagoon watershed on the Mediterranean coast of Tunisia showed that herbicides and fungicides are the most commonly used compounds. A survey was made of selected farmers. Pesticide contamination was monitored in the water column and sediments at four selected sampling sites (lagoon (A) and in three oueds-Chegui (B), Garaa (C), and Tinja (D)). Polar organic chemical integrative samplers (POCIS) were used to assess pesticide contamination. Thirty-two pesticides were investigated; the total concentration of active ingredients ranged from 35.9 ng L-1 in Tinja oued to 1246 ng L-1 in Chegui oued. In the lagoon, the total concentration of pesticides was 67.7 ng L-1. In the sediments, the highest concentration was measured in Chegui oued in the spring (31 ng g-1 dw). The main compounds found in the analyzed sediments were prosulfocarb and tebuconazole molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takoua Mhadhbi
- Laboratory of Industrial Environmental Engineering (LGEI), IMT Mines Alès, University of Montpellier, Ales, France.
- Laboratory of Environmental Biomonitoring (LBE), Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, Avenue de la République, Tunisia.
| | - Olivier Pringault
- UMR 9190 MARBEC IRD-Ifremer-CNRS, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Habiba Nouri
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Sylvie Spinelli
- Laboratory of Industrial Environmental Engineering (LGEI), IMT Mines Alès, University of Montpellier, Ales, France
| | - Hamouda Beyrem
- Laboratory of Environmental Biomonitoring (LBE), Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, University of Carthage, Avenue de la République, Tunisia
| | - Catherine Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Industrial Environmental Engineering (LGEI), IMT Mines Alès, University of Montpellier, Ales, France
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16
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Brocke SA, Degen A, MacKerell AD, Dutagaci B, Feig M. Prediction of Membrane Permeation of Drug Molecules by Combining an Implicit Membrane Model with Machine Learning. J Chem Inf Model 2018; 59:1147-1162. [PMID: 30540459 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.8b00648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Lipid membrane permeation of drug molecules was investigated with Heterogeneous Dielectric Generalized Born (HDGB)-based models using solubility-diffusion theory and machine learning. Free energy profiles were obtained for neutral molecules by the standard HDGB and Dynamic HDGB (DHDGB) to account for the membrane deformation upon insertion of drugs. We also obtained hybrid free energy profiles where the neutralization of charged molecules was taken into account upon membrane insertion. The evaluation of the predictions was done against experimental permeability coefficients from Parallel Artificial Membrane Permeability Assays (PAMPA), and effects of partial charge sets, CGenFF, AM1-BCC, and OPLS, on the performance of the predictions were discussed. (D)HDGB-based models improved the predictions over the two-state implicit membrane models, and partial charge sets seemed to have a strong impact on the predictions. Machine learning increased the accuracy of the predictions, although it could not outperform the physics-based approach in terms of correlations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie A Brocke
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Michigan State University , East Lansing , Michigan 48824 , United States
| | - Alexandra Degen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Michigan State University , East Lansing , Michigan 48824 , United States
| | - Alexander D MacKerell
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Maryland, School of Pharmacy , Baltimore , Maryland 21201 , United States.,University of Maryland Computer-Aided Drug Design Center , Baltimore , Maryland 21201 , United States
| | - Bercem Dutagaci
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Michigan State University , East Lansing , Michigan 48824 , United States
| | - Michael Feig
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Michigan State University , East Lansing , Michigan 48824 , United States
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17
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Lopes Catão AJ, López-Castillo A. On the degradation pathway of glyphosate and glycine. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2018; 20:1148-1157. [PMID: 29987286 DOI: 10.1039/c8em00119g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The degradation in water of the most widespread herbicide, glyphosate, is still under debate. Experimental disagreements on this process exist and there are only a few theoretical studies to support any conclusions. Moreover, the relationship between glyphosate and glycine is underestimated. Besides the structural similarity, glycine is a product of glyphosate degradation; hence, their studies are complementary. In this study, two mechanisms for the decomposition of the glyphosate molecule and glycine molecule in water are proposed. These mechanisms were explored by using quantum mechanical calculations. A combined microsolvation/PCM approach was employed to find and characterize their transition states, by which the reaction pathways were determined via the IRC method. The results have shown that the degradation processes might occur via a C-C bond cleavage, through a concerted mechanism, whereby the proton transfers and the CO2 detachments occur simultaneously. The second mechanism had two consecutive steps, a decarboxylation followed by the proton transfers. The water molecules served as a conduit for the proton transfers, away from the amine group (or the phosphonate, glyphosate case). Their function was to assist the reactions in a water-mediated decarboxylation. In these particular cases, the free energy of activation was 42.68 and 42.28 kcal mol-1 for the glycine structure and the glyphosate structure, respectively. These results agreed with the photodegradation and thermodegradation of glyphosate, as well as with the spontaneous decarboxylation of glycine. A concerted mechanism might be expected to yield C-P and C-N bond cleavages in the glyphosate molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anderson José Lopes Catão
- Chemistry Department, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rod. Washington Luís km 235 - SP-310, São Carlos CEP 13565-905, Brazil.
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18
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19
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Moreira AAG, De Lima-Neto P, Caetano EWS, Barroso-Neto IL, Freire VN. The vibrational properties of the bee-killer imidacloprid insecticide: A molecular description. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2017; 185:245-255. [PMID: 28582726 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2017.05.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The chemical imidacloprid belongs to the neonicotinoids insecticide class, widely used for insect pest control mainly for crop protection. However, imidacloprid is a non-selective agrochemical to the insects and it is able to kill the most important pollinators, the bees. The high toxicity of imidacloprid requires controlled release and continuous monitoring. For this purpose, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is usually employed; infrared and Raman spectroscopy, however, are simple and viable techniques that can be adapted to portable devices for field application. In this communication, state-of-the-art quantum level simulations were used to predict the infrared and Raman spectra of the most stable conformer of imidacloprid. Four molecular geometries were investigated in vacuum and solvated within the Density Functional Theory (DFT) approach employing the hybrid meta functional M06-2X and the hybrid functional B3LYP. The M062X/PCM model proved to be the best to predict structural features, while the values of harmonic vibrational frequencies were predicted more accurately using the B3LYP functional.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antônio A G Moreira
- Departamento de Química Analítica e Físico-Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60440-900 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
| | - Pedro De Lima-Neto
- Departamento de Química Analítica e Físico-Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60440-900 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Ewerton W S Caetano
- Instituto de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Ceará, 60040-531 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Ito L Barroso-Neto
- Departamento de Química Analítica e Físico-Química, Universidade Federal do Ceará, 60440-900 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Valder N Freire
- Departamento de Física, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Caixa Postal 6030, 60455-760 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
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20
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Lõkov M, Tshepelevitsh S, Heering A, Plieger PG, Vianello R, Leito I. On the Basicity of Conjugated Nitrogen Heterocycles in Different Media. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201700749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Märt Lõkov
- Institute of Chemistry; University of Tartu; Ravila 14a 50411 Tartu Estonia
| | | | - Agnes Heering
- Institute of Chemistry; University of Tartu; Ravila 14a 50411 Tartu Estonia
| | - Paul G. Plieger
- Institute of Fundamental Sciences; Massey University; Private Bag 11222 Palmerston North New Zealand
| | - Robert Vianello
- Computational Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Group; Ruđer Bošković Institute; Bijenička cesta 54 10000 Zagreb Croatia
| | - Ivo Leito
- Institute of Chemistry; University of Tartu; Ravila 14a 50411 Tartu Estonia
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21
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Shi F, Liu J. Simultaneous determination of the lipophilicity and dissociation constants of dialkyl phosphinic acids by negligible depletion hollow fiber membrane-protected liquid-phase microextraction. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1507:11-17. [PMID: 28599859 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Determination of the physicochemical properties, especially the lipophilicity (expressed as the logarithm of distribution coefficient, log D) and dissociation constant (pKa), is of great importance in the early stage of environmental risk assessment for an ionizable compound without these data. Currently, the log D and pKa values of dialkyl phosphinic acids (DPAs), the environmental hydrolysates of aluminum dialkyl phosphinates (ADPs) that is one class of emerging phosphorus-containing flame retardants, are not available. In this study, the log D and pKa values of three DPAs including methylethylphosphinic acid (MEPA), diethylphosphinic acid (DEPA) and methylcyclohexyl phosphinic acid (MHPA), were simultaneously determined by negligible depletion hollow fiber supported liquid phase microextraction (nd-HF-LPME) followed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). The pKa and log D of DPAs were determined by curve-fitting the experimental data with equations derived on the basis of the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation and compared with model calculated data. For MEPA, DEPA and MHPA, the pKa values were close and around 3, but the log Ds were strongly pH-dependent with values from -5.01 to 1.01. The log KOW of the neutral form (logKOW,HA) and ionic form (logKOW,A) were in the range of -0.67-1.02 and -3.86--1.33, respectively. The experimentally determined pKa values were highly in good agreement with ACD/pKa predicted values and the measured log KOW,HA values were closely related to KOWWIN calculated ones, suggesting ACD/pKa and KOWWIN are good alternative methods to estimate pKa and log KOW of DPAs, respectively. As far as we know, this is the first report on the pKa and log D data for DPAs, which are fundamental for the product design and evaluating the environmental behavior and effects of DPAs and ADPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengqiong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jingfu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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22
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Seifrtova M, Halesova T, Sulcova K, Riddellova K, Erban T. Distributions of imidacloprid, imidacloprid-olefin and imidacloprid-urea in green plant tissues and roots of rapeseed (Brassica napus) from artificially contaminated potting soil. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2017; 73:1010-1016. [PMID: 27539937 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 06/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Imidacloprid-urea is the primary imidacloprid soil metabolite, whereas imidacloprid-olefin is the main plant-relevant metabolite and is more toxic to insects than imidacloprid. We artificially contaminated potting soil and used quantitative UHPLC-QqQ-MS/MS to determine the imidacloprid, imidacloprid-olefin and imidacloprid-urea distributions in rapeseed green plant tissues and roots after 4 weeks of exposure. RESULTS In soil, the imidacloprid/imidacloprid-urea molar ratios decreased similarly after the 250 and 2500 µg kg-1 imidacloprid treatments. The imidacloprid/imidacloprid-urea molar ratios in the root and soil were similar, whereas in the green plant tissue, imidacloprid-urea increased more than twofold compared with the root. Although imidacloprid-olefin was prevalent in the green plant tissues, with imidacloprid/imidacloprid-olefin molar ratios of 2.24 and 1.47 for the 250 and 2500 µg kg-1 treatments respectively, it was not detected in the root. However, imidacloprid-olefin was detected in the soil after the 2500 µg kg-1 imidacloprid treatment. CONCLUSION Significant proportions of imidacloprid-olefin and imidacloprid-urea in green plant tissues were demonstrated. The greater imidacloprid supply increased the imidacloprid-olefin/imidacloprid molar ratio in the green plant tissues. The absence of imidacloprid-olefin in the root excluded its retransport from leaves. The similar imidacloprid/imidacloprid-urea ratios in the soil and root indicated that the root serves primarily for transporting these substances. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Klara Sulcova
- Crop Research Institute, Prague, Czechia
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czechia
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23
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Pickett JA, Khan ZR. Plant volatile-mediated signalling and its application in agriculture: successes and challenges. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2016; 212:856-870. [PMID: 27874990 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
856 I. 856 II. 857 III. 858 IV. 859 V. 860 VI. 862 VII. 863 VIII. 864 IX. 866 866 References 866 SUMMARY: The mediation of volatile secondary metabolites in signalling between plants and other organisms has long been seen as presenting opportunities for sustainable crop protection. Initially, exploitation of interactions between plants and other organisms, particularly insect pests, foundered because of difficulties in delivering, sustainably, the signal systems for crop protection. We now have mounting and, in some cases, clear practical evidence for successful delivery by companion cropping or next-generation genetic modification (GM). At the same time, the type of plant signalling being exploited has expanded to signalling from plants to organisms antagonistic to pests, and to plant stress-induced, or primed, plant-to-plant signalling for defence and growth stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Pickett
- Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Zeyaur R Khan
- Push-Pull Programme, International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology, PO Box 30, Mbita, 40305, Kenya
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24
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Moreira AAG, De Lima-Neto P, Caetano EWS, Barroso-Neto IL, Freire VN. Computational electronic structure of the bee killer insecticide imidacloprid. NEW J CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6nj02743a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
One conformer of imidacloprid in vacuum and three conformers in the aqueous phase were obtained by a DFT approach, and their structural and electronic properties were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antônio A. G. Moreira
- Departamento de Química Analítica e Fisico-química
- Universidade Federal do Ceará
- Fortaleza
- Brazil
| | - Pedro De Lima-Neto
- Departamento de Química Analítica e Fisico-química
- Universidade Federal do Ceará
- Fortaleza
- Brazil
| | | | - Ito L. Barroso-Neto
- Departamento de Química Analítica e Fisico-química
- Universidade Federal do Ceará
- Fortaleza
- Brazil
| | - Valder N. Freire
- Departamento de Física
- Universidade Federal do Ceará
- Fortaleza
- Brazil
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25
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Bao JJ, Liu X, Zhang Y, Li Y. The development of a high-throughput measurement method of octanol/water distribution coefficient based on hollow fiber membrane solvent microextraction technique. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2014; 967:183-9. [PMID: 25125394 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Revised: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes the development of a novel high-throughput hollow fiber membrane solvent microextraction technique for the simultaneous measurement of the octanol/water distribution coefficient (logD) for organic compounds such as drugs. The method is based on a designed system, which consists of a 96-well plate modified with 96 hollow fiber membrane tubes and a matching lid with 96 center holes and 96 side holes distributing in 96 grids. Each center hole was glued with a sealed on one end hollow fiber membrane tube, which is used to separate the aqueous phase from the octanol phase. A needle, such as microsyringe or automatic sampler, can be directly inserted into the membrane tube to deposit octanol as the accepted phase or take out the mixture of the octanol and the drug. Each side hole is filled with aqueous phase and could freely take in/out solvent as the donor phase from the outside of the hollow fiber membranes. The logD can be calculated by measuring the drug concentration in each phase after extraction equilibrium. After a comprehensive comparison, the polytetrafluoroethylene hollow fiber with the thickness of 210 μm, an extraction time of 300 min, a temperature of 25 °C and atmospheric pressure without stirring are selected for the high throughput measurement. The correlation coefficient of the linear fit of the logD values of five drugs determined by our system to reference values is 0.9954, showed a nice accurate. The -8.9% intra-day and -4.4% inter-day precision of logD for metronidazole indicates a good precision. In addition, the logD values of eight drugs were simultaneously and successfully measured, which indicated that the 96 throughput measure method of logD value was accurate, precise, reliable and useful for high throughput screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J Bao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High-Efficiency, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaojing Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High-Efficiency, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High-Efficiency, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Youxin Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Modern Drug Delivery and High-Efficiency, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China.
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Chłopecka M, Mendel M, Dziekan N, Karlik W. Glyphosate affects the spontaneous motoric activity of intestine at very low doses - in vitro study. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 113:25-30. [PMID: 25052523 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2014.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Revised: 06/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate is an active substance of the most popular herbicides worldwide. Its common use results from the belief that it affects exclusively plants. However, studies on glyphosate and its trade formulations reveal that it causes numerous morphological, physiological and biochemical disturbances in cells and organisms of animals, including mammals. Due to the fact that shortly after oral exposure glyphosate is detected in the highest amount in small intestine, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of this compound on the spontaneous motoric activity of intestine under in vitro conditions. The experiments were conducted on rat jejunum strips under isotonic conditions. The strips were incubated in buffered (pH 7.35) and non-buffered (pH 5.2) glyphosate solutions ranged from 0.003 to 1.7 g/L. The results indicate that glyphosate applied in buffered solution affects significantly the spontaneous motoric activity of rat isolated jejunum strips. The muscle response is biphasic (miorelaxation accompanied by contraction). The contraction is observed already at a dose of 0.003 g/L and the first significant biphasic reaction at a dose of 0.014 g/L. The incubation of jejunum strips with glyphosate in non-buffered solution (pH 5.2) results in a different reaction. The smooth muscle undergoes only persistent relaxation, which is stronger than the response to glyphosate solution in pH 7.35. Motility disturbances are also observed after glyphosate removal from the incubation solution. The gathered data suggests that glyphosate impairs gastrointestinal strips' motility at concentration that are noticed in human exposed to non-toxic doses of glyphosate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Chłopecka
- Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 8 Ciszewskiego St., 02-786 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Mendel
- Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 8 Ciszewskiego St., 02-786 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Natalia Dziekan
- Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 8 Ciszewskiego St., 02-786 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Karlik
- Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 8 Ciszewskiego St., 02-786 Warsaw, Poland
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27
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Schaffer M, Licha T. A guideline for the identification of environmentally relevant, ionizable organic molecule species. CHEMOSPHERE 2014; 103:12-25. [PMID: 24412098 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Revised: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
An increasing number of organic compounds detected today in the aquatic environment are ionizable and, therefore, partially or permanently charged (ionic) under the pH conditions encountered in these systems. For evaluating their environmental behavior, which strongly depends on the charge state, the identification of functional groups together with their correct assignment of the respective acidic or basic dissociation constants (pKa) is essential. Despite the growing concern and increasing awareness for ionizable compounds, contradicting and/or confusing information regarding their acid/base properties can be regularly found in the literature, especially when complex structures are encountered. Therefore, we provide a simplified, general, and comprehensive guideline for the identification of ionizable functional groups in organic compounds combined with the correct assignment of their respective pKa values. Beside the explicit definition of basic terms, several tables with more than 30 of the most frequently encountered ionizable compound classes, including their typical pKa value ranges are the centerpiece of the proposed procedure. The straight forward application of the guideline is successfully shown for several environmentally relevant compounds as example.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Schaffer
- Geoscience Centre, Dept. Applied Geology, University of Göttingen, Goldschmidtstr. 3, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tobias Licha
- Geoscience Centre, Dept. Applied Geology, University of Göttingen, Goldschmidtstr. 3, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
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28
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Yoshida T, Farone WA, Xantheas SS. Isomers and conformational barriers of gas-phase nicotine, nornicotine, and their protonated forms. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:8273-85. [PMID: 24654683 DOI: 10.1021/jp501646p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report extensive conformational searches of the gas-phase neutral nicotine, nornicotine, and their protonated analogs and the pathways and barriers for the interconversion between their various isomers that are based on ab initio second-order Møller-Plesset perturbation (MP2) electronic structure calculations. Initial searches were performed with the 6-31G(d,p), and the energetics of the most important structures were further refined from geometry optimizations with the larger aug-cc-pVTZ basis set. On the basis of the calculated free energies at T = 298 K for the gas-phase molecules, neutral nicotine has two dominant trans conformers, whereas neutral nornicotine is a mixture of several conformers. For nicotine, the protonation on both the pyridine and the pyrrolidine sites is energetically competitive, whereas nornicotine prefers protonation on the pyridine nitrogen. The protonated form of nicotine is mainly a mixture of two pyridine-protonated trans conformers and two pyrrolidine-protonated trans conformers, whereas the protonated form of nornicotine is a mixture of four pyridine-protonated trans conformers. Nornicotine is conformationally more flexible than nicotine; however, it is less protonated at the biologically important pyrrolidine nitrogen site. The lowest energy isomers for each case were found to interconvert via low (<6 kcal/mol) rotational barriers around the pyridine-pyrrolidine bond. These barriers are much lower than previous estimates based on lower levels of theory obtained without relaxation of the structure along the path. Nicotine was found to bind more strongly to tryptophan (Trp) than nornicotine, a finding that is consistent with nicotine's enhanced affinity in the nicotinic acetylcholide receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Yoshida
- Center for Quantum Life Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University , 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
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Rayne S. Comment on "Prediction of soil sorption coefficients using model molecular structures for organic matter and the quantum mechanical COSMO-SAC model". ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2013; 47:6711-6712. [PMID: 23668906 DOI: 10.1021/es401135s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
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Kujawinski DM, Wolbert JB, Zhang L, Jochmann MA, Widory D, Baran N, Schmidt TC. Carbon isotope ratio measurements of glyphosate and AMPA by liquid chromatography coupled to isotope ratio mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 405:2869-78. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-6669-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2012] [Revised: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Determination of n-octanol/water partition coefficients of weak ionizable solutes by RP-HPLC with neutral model compounds. Talanta 2012; 97:355-61. [PMID: 22841092 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2012.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2012] [Revised: 04/12/2012] [Accepted: 04/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The utilization of neutral compounds as model compounds is put forward for determination of the n-octanol/water partition coefficient (K(ow)) of highly hydrophobic, weak acidic compounds by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). It is based on a linear relationship between the logarithm of apparent n-octanol/water partition coefficient (log K(ow)″), expressing hydrophobicity of acidic solutes more accurately, and the logarithm of RP-HPLC retention factor of the solutes corresponding to the neat aqueous fraction of mobile phase (log k(w)). The availability of neutral model compounds was theoretically tested for this novel protocol. Moreover, a high consistency of linear log K(ow)″-log k(w) correlations was demonstrated between a mixed training set of neutral and acidic model compounds, and a training set of neutral model compounds. It is proved in theory that for a certain set of compounds investigated, all derived linear relationships between log K(ow)″ and log k(w) have a unit slope and the same intercept, regardless of mobile phase pH. This model was applied to measure log K(ow) of lipophilic aristolochic acid I (AA I) and aristolochic acid II (AA II). Log K(ow) values for AA I and AA II are 4.45±0.07 and 3.99±0.06, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on experimental log K(ow) data for AAs. The proposed strategy solves the problem of lacking suitable acidic model compounds with reliable experimental K(ow) in determining K(ow) of lipophilic acidic solutes by RP-HPLC.
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Lozano A, Martínez-Uroz MA, Gómez-Ramos MJ, Gómez-Ramos MM, Mezcua M, Fernández-Alba AR. Determination of nicotine in mushrooms by various GC/MS- and LC/MS-based methods. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 402:935-43. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-5490-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2011] [Revised: 10/06/2011] [Accepted: 10/09/2011] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Sánchez-Bayo F, Hyne RV, Desseille KL. An amperometric method for the detection of amitrole, glyphosate and its aminomethyl-phosphonic acid metabolite in environmental waters using passive samplers. Anal Chim Acta 2010; 675:125-31. [PMID: 20800723 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2010.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2010] [Revised: 07/09/2010] [Accepted: 07/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The herbicides amitrole and glyphosate, and its metabolite aminomethyl-phosphonic acid (AMPA), in water samples have been directly analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography using an electrochemical (EC) detector. Limits of detection of 0.3 microg mL(-1) for glyphosate, 0.05 microg mL(-1) for AMPA and 0.03 microg mL(-1) for amitrole were comparable to those obtained by other authors using EC and also by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, but the latter method requires derivatisation and pre-concentration of the sample whereas EC methods show similar sensitivity without the need of any derivatisation. The method was specifically designed to analyse extracts from passive samplers used for monitoring of polar herbicide residues in waters. To this purpose, three types of Empore disks were tested for their ability to adsorb and desorb these ionic, polar analytes. A procedure for their extraction from the membranes and reducing the interferences from other substances present in natural waters (i.e. humic acids) is described. The method is simple, does not require sophisticated equipment and is valid for the analysis and monitoring of herbicides residues using passive samplers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Sánchez-Bayo
- Centre for Ecotoxicology, University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW 2006, Australia.
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Hedberg D, Wallin M. Effects of Roundup and glyphosate formulations on intracellular transport, microtubules and actin filaments in Xenopus laevis melanophores. Toxicol In Vitro 2010; 24:795-802. [PMID: 20036731 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2009.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2009] [Revised: 11/17/2009] [Accepted: 12/22/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Glyphosate containing herbicides, such as Roundup, are commonly used and generally considered to be safe. However, some toxic effects are found on amphibians in vivo and human and mouse cells in vitro. In this study the effects of Roundup, glyphosate, glyphosateisopropylamine and isopropylamine were studied on intracellular transport by measuring aggregation capacity in Xenopus laevis melanophores. The chemicals inhibited retrograde transport of melanosomes in the range of 0.5-5mM. Cellular morphology and localization of microtubules and actin filaments were affected as determined by immunocytochemistry. Both glyphosate and Roundup decreased pH in the media. Acidic pH inhibited melanosome transport and altered microtubule and actin morphology in the absence of chemicals, while transport inhibiting concentrations of glyphosate, Roundup and glyphosateisopropylamine disassembled both microtubules and actin filaments. At physiological pH the effects of Roundup decreased whereas glyphosate failed to inhibit transport. Physiological pH decreases glyphosate lipophilicity and its diffusion into the cytoplasm. The Roundup formulation contains surfactants, such as POEA (polyetylated tallow amine) that increases membrane permeability allowing cellular uptake at physiological pH. Our results show that the effects of glyphosate containing compounds are pH-dependent and that they inhibit intracellular transport through disassembly of the cytoskeleton possibly by interfering with intracellular Ca(2+)-balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Hedberg
- Department of Zoology, University of Gothenburg, PO Box 463, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
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35
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Komárek M, Čadková E, Chrastný V, Bordas F, Bollinger JC. Contamination of vineyard soils with fungicides: a review of environmental and toxicological aspects. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2010; 36:138-151. [PMID: 19913914 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2009.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 323] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2009] [Revised: 10/06/2009] [Accepted: 10/16/2009] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The contamination of agricultural soils with inorganic (Cu-based) and organic pesticides (including their residues) presents a major environmental and toxicological concern. This review summarizes available studies published on the contamination of vineyard soils throughout the world with Cu-based and synthetic organic fungicides. It focuses on the behavior of these contaminants in vineyard soils and the associated environmental and toxicological risks. The concentrations of Cu in soils exceed the legislative limits valid in the EU in the vast majority of the studied vineyards. Regarding the environmental and toxicological hazards associated with the extensive use of fungicides, the choice of fungicides should be performed carefully according to the physico-chemical properties of the soils and climatic and hydrogeological characteristics of the vine-growing regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Komárek
- Department of Agro-Environmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 21, Prague 6, Czech Republic; Groupement de Recherche Eau, Sol, Environnement (GRESE), Université de Limoges, 123, Av. Albert Thomas, 87060, Limoges, France.
| | - Eva Čadková
- Department of Agro-Environmental Chemistry and Plant Nutrition, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, 165 21, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Vladislav Chrastný
- Czech Geological Survey, Geologická 6, 152 00, Prague 5, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - François Bordas
- Groupement de Recherche Eau, Sol, Environnement (GRESE), Université de Limoges, 123, Av. Albert Thomas, 87060, Limoges, France
| | - Jean-Claude Bollinger
- Groupement de Recherche Eau, Sol, Environnement (GRESE), Université de Limoges, 123, Av. Albert Thomas, 87060, Limoges, France
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36
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Kah M, Brown CD. LogD: lipophilicity for ionisable compounds. CHEMOSPHERE 2008; 72:1401-1408. [PMID: 18565570 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.04.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2008] [Revised: 04/23/2008] [Accepted: 04/27/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The octanol/water partition coefficient (Kow) for organic compounds is widely used in predictive environmental studies. A significant proportion of contaminants of surface and ground water are ionisable (e.g. many pesticides, pharmaceuticals, metabolites). Such compounds may be partially ionised dependent on the pH. Since the neutral and ionic species exhibit different polarities, the Kow value of ionisable pesticides is pH dependent. It is therefore essential to determine Kow values over the full range of pH that occurs in the environment in order to get appropriate predictors. Numerous methods are available to measure lipophilicity but only a few are appropriate for ionisable pesticides (e.g. pH metric and filter probe methods). Parameters such as pH and ionic strength need to be carefully controlled when working with ionisable compounds. Variation of these factors probably explains why literature can yield Kow values that differ by more than one order of magnitude for some compounds. In this article, Kow values obtained for six acidic pesticides with three different methods are compared as well (data from the literature, measured by pH metric method and calculated with five computer programs). The values used in predictive regression equations needs to be either measured with a suitable method or selected from the literature with great care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Kah
- Central Science Laboratory, Sand Hutton, York YO41 1LZ, UK.
| | - Colin D Brown
- Environment Department, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK
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37
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Copping LG, Duke SO. Natural products that have been used commercially as crop protection agents. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2007; 63:524-54. [PMID: 17487882 DOI: 10.1002/ps.1378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Many compounds derived from living organisms have found a use in crop protection. These compounds have formed the basis of chemical synthesis programmes to derive new chemical products; they have been used to identify new biochemical modes of action that can be exploited by industry-led discovery programmes; some have been used as starting materials for semi-synthetic derivatives; and many have been used or continue to be used directly as crop protection agents. This review examines only those compounds derived from living organisms that are currently used as pesticides. Plant growth regulators and semiochemicals have been excluded from the review, as have living organisms that exert their effects by the production of biologically active secondary metabolites.
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38
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Potentiometric determination of octanol–water and liposome–water partition coefficients (logP) of ionizable organic compounds. Tetrahedron Lett 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2007.03.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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39
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González-Martínez MA, Brun EM, Puchades R, Maquieira A, Ramsey K, Rubio F. Glyphosate immunosensor. Application for water and soil analysis. Anal Chem 2005; 77:4219-27. [PMID: 15987130 DOI: 10.1021/ac048431d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A fully automated immunosensor for the herbicide glyphosate has been developed on the basis of the immunocomplex capture assay protocol. The sensor carries out on-line analyte derivatization prior to the assay and uses a selective anti-glyphosate serum, a glyphosate peroxidase enzyme tracer, and fluorescent detection. Under optimal conditions, the detection limit achieved is 0.021 microg/L with an analysis rate of 25 min per assay, autonomy of more than 48 h, and sensor reusability >500 analytical cycles. The immunosensor is able to discriminate structurally related molecules, such as aminomethylphosphonic acid, the main metabolite of glyphosate, and other related herbicides, such as glufosinate and glyphosine. Interferences from naturally occurring species (anions, cations, and humic substances) and their elimination were also studied. The immunosensor has been successfully applied to water and soil sample analysis, with good recoveries at levels lower than 1 microg/L. Results obtained with the immunosensor correlate well with data from a magnetic particle ELISA and LC/LC/MS chromatographic method.
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40
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Abstract
The neonicotinoids, the newest major class of insecticides, have outstanding potency and systemic action for crop protection against piercing-sucking pests, and they are highly effective for flea control on cats and dogs. Their common names are acetamiprid, clothianidin, dinotefuran, imidacloprid, nitenpyram, thiacloprid, and thiamethoxam. They generally have low toxicity to mammals (acute and chronic), birds, and fish. Biotransformations involve some activation reactions but largely detoxification mechanisms. In contrast to nicotine, epibatidine, and other ammonium or iminium nicotinoids, which are mostly protonated at physiological pH, the neonicotinoids are not protonated and have an electronegative nitro or cyano pharmacophore. Agonist recognition by the nicotinic receptor involves cation-pi interaction for nicotinoids in mammals and possibly a cationic subsite for interaction with the nitro or cyano substituent of neonicotinoids in insects. The low affinity of neonicotinoids for vertebrate relative to insect nicotinic receptors is a major factor in their favorable toxicological profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motohiro Tomizawa
- Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720-3112, USA.
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41
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Granby K, Johannesen S, Vahl M. Analysis of glyphosate residues in cereals using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). FOOD ADDITIVES AND CONTAMINANTS 2003; 20:692-8. [PMID: 13129785 DOI: 10.1080/0265203031000109477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A fast and specific method for the determination of glyphosate in cereals is described. The method is based on extraction with water by ultrasonication. The samples are cleaned up and separated by high-performance liquid chromatography on a polystyrene-based reverse-phase column (clean-up) in series with an ion chromatography column (separation) using NaHCO(3) as eluent. A micro-membrane suppressor was inserted after the separator column to remove the Na(+) ions before detection by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry in the negative-ion mode. In MS/MS, mode the following transitions were monitored m/z 168--> 150 (glyphosate) and 170-->152 (internal standard 2-(13)C(15)N-glyphosate) for quantification. The mean recovery was 85% (n=32) at spiking levels from 0.03 to 0.33 mg kg(-1). From 1998 to 2001, from the analysis of about 50 samples per annum, a reduction in the glyphosate residues was observed owing to a Danish trade decision not to use grain with glyphosate residues for milling or bread production.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Granby
- Danish Veterinary and Food Administration, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Søborg, Denmark.
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42
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Kudzin ZH, Gralak DK, Andrijewski G, Drabowicz J, Luczak J. Simultaneous analysis of biologically active aminoalkanephosphonic acids. J Chromatogr A 2003; 998:183-99. [PMID: 12862383 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(03)00437-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A new approach for simultaneous analysis of biologically active aminoalkanephosphonic acids, namely glyphosate, phosphonoglycine, phosphonosarcosine, phosphonoalanine, phosphono-beta-alanine, phosphonohomoalanine, phosphono-gamma-homoalanine and glufosinate, is presented. This includes a preliminary 31p NMR analysis of these amino acids, their further derivatization to volatile phosphonates (phosphinates) by means of trifluoroacetic acid-trifluoroacetic anhydride-trimethyl orthoacetate reagent and subsequent analysis of derivatization products using MS and/or GC-MS (chemical ionization and/or electron impact ionization).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zbigniew H Kudzin
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Lódź, Narutowicza 68, Lódź 90-136, Poland.
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Jewess PJ, Higgins J, Berry KJ, Moss SR, Boogaard AB, Khambay BPS. Herbicidal action of 2-hydroxy-3-alkyl-1,4-naphthoquinones. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2002; 58:234-42. [PMID: 11975168 DOI: 10.1002/ps.428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2001] [Accepted: 10/11/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The main mode of herbicidal activity of 2-hydroxy-3-alkyl-1,4-naphthoquinones is shown to be inhibition of photosystem II (PSII). The herbicidal and in vitro activities have been measured and correlated with their (Log)octanol/water partition coefficients (Log Ko/w). The length of the 3-n-alkyl substituent for optimal activity differed between herbicidal and in vitro activity. The maximum in vitro activity was given by the nonyl to dodecyl homologues (Log Ko/w between 6.54 and 8.12), whereas herbicidal activity peaked with the n-hexyl compound (Log Ko/w = 4.95). The effect of chain branching was also investigated using isomeric pentyl analogues substituted at position 3. All exhibited similar levels of in vitro activities but herbicidal activities differed, albeit moderately, with the exception of one analogue that was much less phytotoxic. Other modes of action were also investigated using two representative compounds. They did not show any activity on photosystem I or mitochondrial complex I, or generate toxic oxygen radicals by redox cycling reactions. Only moderate activity was found against mitochondrial complex III from plants, in contrast to much higher corresponding activity using an insect enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip J Jewess
- Department of Biological and Ecological Chemistry, IACR-Rothamsted, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK.
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44
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Jewess PJ, Chamberlain K, Boogaard AB, Devonshire AL, Khambay BPS. Insecticidal 2-hydroxy-3-alkyl-1,4-naphthoquinones: correlation of inhibition of ubiquinol cytochrome c oxidoreductase (complex III) with insecticidal activity. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2002; 58:243-247. [PMID: 11975169 DOI: 10.1002/ps.445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The insecticidal and in vitro activities of four homologous series of 2-hydroxy and acetoxy-3-substituted-1,4-naphthoquinones have been measured and correlated with their (Log) octanol/water partition coefficients (Log Ko/w). In vitro activity against mitochondrial complex III was only exhibited by 2-hydroxy-3-alkyl-1,4-naphthoquinones, indicating that the 2-acetoxy compounds act as proinsecticides. Good correlation was observed between in vivo activity against the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae and inhibition of complex III isolated from blowfly flight muscle. Both hydroxy and acetoxy analogues of individual compounds exhibited similar levels of in vivo activity with optimum activity for analogues with Log Ko/w values of 7-8. In contrast, the acetoxy derivatives showed superior in vivo activity against the tobacco whitefly, Bemisia tabaci. Complex III isolated from whitefly was optimally inhibited by hydroxy analogues with lower Log Ko/w values (6.0-6.5) and was also more sensitive than the blowfly enzyme to all the compounds tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip J Jewess
- Department of Biological and Ecological Chemistry, IACR-Rothamsted, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK.
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45
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Potential of microcolumn liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis with flame photometric detection for determination of polar phosphorus-containing pesticides. Chromatographia 2001. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02492673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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46
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Oliveira RS, Koskinen WC, Werdin NR, Yen PY. Sorption of imidacloprid and its metabolites on tropical soils. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2000; 35:39-49. [PMID: 10693053 DOI: 10.1080/03601230009373252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The sorption of imidacloprid (1-[(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)-methyl]-N-nitro-2-imidazolid-inimine ) (IMI) and its metabolites imidacloprid-urea (1-[(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)-methyl]-2-imidazol-idinone) (IU), imidacloprid-guanidine (1-[(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)-methyl]-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine) (IG), and imidacloprid-guanidine-olefin (1-[(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl]-1H-imidazol-2-amine) (IGO) was determined on six typical Brazilian soils. Sorption of the chemicals on the soil was characterized using the batch equilibration method. The range and order of sorption (Kd) on the six soils was IG (4.75-134) > or = IGO (2.87-72.3) > IMI (0.55-16.9) > IU (0.31-9.50). For IMI and IU, Kd was correlated with soil organic carbon (OC) content and CEC, the latter due to the high correlation between OC and cation exchange capacity (CEC) (R2 = 0.98). For IG and IGO, there was no correlation of sorption to clay, pH, OC or CEC due to the high sorption on all soils. Average Koc values were IU = 170, IMI = 362, IGO = 2433, and IG = 3500. Although Kd and Koc values found were consistently lower than those found in soils developed in non-tropical climates, imidacloprid and its metabolites were still considered to be slightly mobile to immobile in Brazilian soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Oliveira
- Departamento de Agronomia, Universidade Estadual de Maringa, PR, Brazil
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47
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Inoue J, Chamberlain K, Bromilow RH. Physicochemical factors affecting the uptake by roots and translocation to shoots of amine bases in barley. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-9063(199809)54:1<8::aid-ps793>3.0.co;2-e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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48
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Hogendoorn EA, Ossendrijver FM, Dijkman E, Baumann RA. Rapid determination of glyphosate in cereal samples by means of pre-column derivatisation with 9-fluorenylmethyl chloroformate and coupled-column liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. J Chromatogr A 1999; 833:67-73. [PMID: 10074701 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(98)01055-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A rapid procedure for the determination of glyphosate in cereals has been developed. Convenient sample pretreatment is carried out by (i) a overnight standing extraction of 1.0 g homogenized sample with 20 ml of water, (ii) centrifugation of the samples, (iii) a passing of 2.5 ml of the clear layer through a 100 mg C18 solid-phase extraction cartridge and (iv) collection of the last 1.5 ml of the eluent into a calibrated tube. For the instrumental analysis, the efficient approach developed earlier for environmental water samples [J.V. Sancho, F. Hernández, F.J. LUpez, E.A. Hogendoorn, E. Dijkman, P. van Zoonen, J. Chromatogr. A, 737 (1996) 75] was successfully adopted for the determination of glyphosate in the obtained cereal extracts. The procedure includes a 15 min derivatisation step of the analyte with 9-fluorenylmethyl chloroformate and a 16 times dilution step prior to instrumental analysis employing coupled-column LC with fluorescence detection. The developed procedure has a sample throughput of more than 25 samples per day and a limit of quantification of 0.5 mg/kg. The method was validated by analyzing freshly spiked cereal samples and samples with aged residues at levels between 1.0 and 10 mg/kg. The overall recovery of the freshly spiked samples was 86% (n = 10) with a repeatability of 6.5% and a reproducibility of 9.5%. For samples with aged residues recoveries performed at different time intervals (range 80-150 days) did not differ significantly; the overall recovery (n = 10) was 74% with a repeatability and reproducibility of 14 and 20%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Hogendoorn
- Laboratory of Organic-Analytical Chemistry, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, Netherlands.
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49
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Winiwarter S, Bonham NM, Ax F, Hallberg A, Lennernäs H, Karlén A. Correlation of human jejunal permeability (in vivo) of drugs with experimentally and theoretically derived parameters. A multivariate data analysis approach. J Med Chem 1998; 41:4939-49. [PMID: 9836611 DOI: 10.1021/jm9810102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 306] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The effective permeability (Peff) in the human jejunum (in vivo) of 22 structurally diverse compounds was correlated with both experimentally determined lipophilicity values and calculated molecular descriptors. The permeability data were previously obtained by using a regional in vivo perfusion system in the proximal jejunum in humans as part of constructing a biopharmaceutical classification system for oral immediate-release products. pKa, log P, and, where relevant, log Pion values were determined using the pH-metric technique. On the basis of these experiments, log D values were calculated at pH 5.5, 6.5, and 7.4. Multivariate data analysis was used to derive models that correlate passive intestinal permeability to physicochemical descriptors. The best model obtained, based on 13 passively transcellularly absorbed compounds, used the variables HBD (number of hydrogen bond donors), PSA (polar surface area), and either log D5.5 or log D6.5 (octanol/water distribution coefficient at pH 5.5 and 6.5, respectively). Statistically good models for prediciting human in vivo Peff values were also obtained by using only HBD and PSA or HBD, PSA, and CLOGP. These models can be used to predict passive intestinal membrane diffusion in humans for compounds that fit within the defined property space. We used one of the models obtained above to predict the log Peff values for an external validation set consisting of 34 compounds. A good correlation with the absorption data of these compounds was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Winiwarter
- Department of Organic Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
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