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Pozzo CFSD, Junior JEM, Britto-Júnior J, Badin JFA, de Souza VB, Schenka AA, Peterson LW, Fregonesi A, Antunes E, De Nucci G. Basal release of 6-cyanodopamine from rat isolated vas deferens and its role on the tissue contractility. Pflugers Arch 2024; 476:1263-1277. [PMID: 38963545 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-024-02985-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
6-Cyanodopamine is a novel catecholamine released from rabbit isolated heart. However, it is not known whether this catecholamine presents any biological activity. Here, it was evaluated whether 6-cyanodopamine (6-CYD) is released from rat vas deferens and its effect on this tissue contractility. Basal release of 6-CYD, 6-nitrodopamine (6-ND), 6-bromodopamine, 6-nitrodopa, and 6-nitroadrenaline from vas deferens were quantified by LC-MS/MS. Electric-field stimulation (EFS) and concentration-response curves to noradrenaline, adrenaline, and dopamine of the rat isolated epididymal vas deferens (RIEVD) were performed in the absence and presence of 6-CYD and /or 6-ND. Expression of tyrosine hydroxylase was assessed by immunohistochemistry. The rat isolated vas deferens released significant amounts of both 6-CYD and 6-ND. The voltage-gated sodium channel blocker tetrodotoxin had no effect on the release of 6-CYD, but it virtually abolished 6-ND release. 6-CYD alone exhibited a negligible RIEVD contractile activity; however, at 10 nM, 6-CYD significantly potentiated the noradrenaline- and EFS-induced RIEVD contractions, whereas at 10 and 100 nM, it also significantly potentiated the adrenaline- and dopamine-induced contractions. The potentiation of noradrenaline- and adrenaline-induced contractions by 6-CYD was unaffected by tetrodotoxin. Co-incubation of 6-CYD (100 pM) with 6-ND (10 pM) caused a significant leftward shift and increased the maximal contractile responses to noradrenaline, even in the presence of tetrodotoxin. Immunohistochemistry revealed the presence of tyrosine hydroxylase in both epithelial cell cytoplasm of the mucosae and nerve fibers of RIEVD. The identification of epithelium-derived 6-CYD and its remarkable synergism with catecholamines indicate that epithelial cells may regulate vas deferens smooth muscle contractility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - José Britto-Júnior
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil.
| | - João Felipe Agostini Badin
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Valéria Barbosa de Souza
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - André Almeida Schenka
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - Adriano Fregonesi
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine of Jundiaí, Jundiaí, Brazil
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Edson Antunes
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Gilberto De Nucci
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
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2
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Mann LG, Claassen DO. Mesial temporal dopamine: From biology to behaviour. Eur J Neurosci 2024; 59:1141-1152. [PMID: 38057945 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
While colloquially recognized for its role in pleasure, reward, and affect, dopamine is also necessary for proficient action control. Many motor studies focus on dopaminergic transmission along the nigrostriatal pathway, using Parkinson's disease as a model of a dorsal striatal lesion. Less attention to the mesolimbic pathway and its role in motor control has led to an important question related to the limbic-motor network. Indeed, secondary targets of the mesolimbic pathway include the hippocampus and amygdala, and these are linked to the motor cortex through the substantia nigra and thalamus. The modulatory impact of dopamine in the hippocampus and amygdala in humans is a focus of current investigations. This review explores dopaminergic activity in the mesial temporal lobe by summarizing dopaminergic networks and transmission in these regions and examining their role in behaviour and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah G Mann
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Daniel O Claassen
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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3
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Colón Ortiz R, Knerler S, Fridman LB, Mercado A, Price AS, Rosado-Franco JJ, Wilkins H, Flores BR, Orsburn BC, Williams DW. Cocaine regulates antiretroviral therapy CNS access through pregnane-x receptor-mediated drug transporter and metabolizing enzyme modulation at the blood brain barrier. Fluids Barriers CNS 2024; 21:5. [PMID: 38200564 PMCID: PMC10777548 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-023-00507-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Appropriate interactions between antiretroviral therapies (ART) and drug transporters and metabolizing enzymes at the blood brain barrier (BBB) are critical to ensure adequate dosing of the brain to achieve HIV suppression. These proteins are modulated by demographic and lifestyle factors, including substance use. While understudied, illicit substances share drug transport and metabolism pathways with ART, increasing the potential for adverse drug:drug interactions. This is particularly important when considering the brain as it is relatively undertreated compared to peripheral organs and is vulnerable to substance use-mediated damage. METHODS We used an in vitro model of the human BBB to determine the extravasation of three first-line ART drugs, emtricitabine (FTC), tenofovir (TFV), and dolutegravir (DTG), in the presence and absence of cocaine, which served as our illicit substance model. The impact of cocaine on BBB integrity and permeability, drug transporters, metabolizing enzymes, and their master transcriptional regulators were evaluated to determine the mechanisms by which substance use impacted ART central nervous system (CNS) availability. RESULTS We determined that cocaine had a selective impact on ART extravasation, where it increased FTC's ability to cross the BBB while decreasing TFV. DTG concentrations that passed the BBB were below quantifiable limits. Interestingly, the potent neuroinflammatory modulator, lipopolysaccharide, had no effect on ART transport, suggesting a specificity for cocaine. Unexpectedly, cocaine did not breach the BBB, as permeability to albumin and 4 kDa FITC-dextran, as well as tight junction proteins and adhesion molecules remained unchanged. Rather, cocaine selectively decreased the pregnane-x receptor (PXR), but not constitutive androstane receptor (CAR). Consequently, drug transporter expression and activity decreased in endothelial cells of the BBB, including p-glycoprotein (P-gp), breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), and multidrug resistance-associated protein 4 (MRP4). Further, cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) enzymatic activity increased following cocaine treatment that coincided with decreased expression. Finally, cocaine modulated adenylate kinases that are required to facilitate biotransformation of ART prodrugs to their phosphorylated, pharmacologically active counterparts. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that additional considerations are needed in CNS HIV treatment strategies for people who use cocaine, as it may limit ART efficacy through regulation of drug transport and metabolizing pathways at the BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodnie Colón Ortiz
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Stephen Knerler
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Lisa B Fridman
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Alicia Mercado
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Amira-Storm Price
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Jose J Rosado-Franco
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Hannah Wilkins
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Bianca R Flores
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Benjamin C Orsburn
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Dionna W Williams
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Rollins Research Center, 1510 Clifton Road NE, 30322, Atlanta, Georgia.
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Honan LE, Fraser-Spears R, Daws LC. Organic cation transporters in psychiatric and substance use disorders. Pharmacol Ther 2024; 253:108574. [PMID: 38072333 PMCID: PMC11052553 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Psychiatric and substance use disorders inflict major public health burdens worldwide. Their widespread burden is compounded by a dearth of effective treatments, underscoring a dire need to uncover novel therapeutic targets. In this review, we summarize the literature implicating organic cation transporters (OCTs), including three subtypes of OCTs (OCT1, OCT2, and OCT3) and the plasma membrane monoamine transporter (PMAT), in the neurobiology of psychiatric and substance use disorders with an emphasis on mood and anxiety disorders, alcohol use disorder, and psychostimulant use disorder. OCTs transport monoamines with a low affinity but high capacity, situating them to play a central role in regulating monoamine homeostasis. Preclinical evidence discussed here suggests that OCTs may serve as promising targets for treatment of psychiatric and substance use disorders and encourage future research into their therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren E Honan
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Department of Cellular & Integrative Physiology, USA
| | - Rheaclare Fraser-Spears
- University of the Incarnate Word, Feik School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, USA
| | - Lynette C Daws
- The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Department of Cellular & Integrative Physiology, USA; The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, Department of Pharmacology, USA.
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Wang JY, Weng WC, Wang TQ, Liu Y, Qiu DL, Wu MC, Chu CP. Noradrenaline depresses facial stimulation-evoked cerebellar MLI-PC synaptic transmission via α2-AR/PKA signaling cascade in vivo in mice. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15908. [PMID: 37741947 PMCID: PMC10517918 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42975-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The noradrenergic fibers of the locus coeruleus, together with mossy fibers and climbing fibers, comprise the three types of cerebellar afferents that modulate the cerebellar neuronal circuit. We previously demonstrated that noradrenaline (NA) modulated synaptic transmission in the mouse cerebellar cortex via adrenergic receptors (ARs). In the present study, we investigated the effect of NA on facial stimulation-evoked cerebellar molecular layer interneuron (MLI)-Purkinje cell (PC) synaptic transmission in urethane-anesthetized mice using an in vivo cell-attached recording technique and a pharmacological method. MLI-PC synaptic transmission was induced by air-puff stimulation (duration: 60 ms) of the ipsilateral whisker pad, which exhibited positive components (P1 and P2) accompanied by a pause in simple spike activity. Cerebellar molecular layer application of NA (15 µM) decreased the amplitude and area under the curve of P1, and the pause in simple spike activity, but increased the P2/P1 ratio. The NA-induced decrease in P1 amplitude was concentration-dependent, and the half-inhibitory concentration was 10.94 µM. The NA-induced depression of facial stimulation-evoked MLI-PC GABAergic synaptic transmission was completely abolished by blockade of α-ARs or α2-ARs, but not by antagonism of α1-ARs or β-ARs. Bath application of an α2-AR agonist inhibited MLI-PC synaptic transmission and attenuated the effect of NA on the synaptic response. NA-induced depression of MLI-PC synaptic transmission was completely blocked by a mixture of α2A- and 2B-AR antagonists, and was abolished by inhibition of protein kinase A. In addition, electrical stimulation of the molecular layer evoked MLI-PC GABAergic synaptic transmission in the presence of an AMPA receptor antagonist, which was inhibited by NA through α2-ARs. Our results indicate that NA inhibits MLI-PC GABAergic synaptic transmission by reducing GABA release via an α2-AR/PKA signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ya Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, College of Medicine, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medicine, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, 132013, Jilin, China
| | - Wen-Cai Weng
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, College of Medicine, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
- Department Radiology, Dalian Xinhua Hospital, Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Ting-Qi Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, College of Medicine, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Yue Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, College of Medicine, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medicine, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, 132013, Jilin, China
| | - De-Lai Qiu
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medicine, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, 132013, Jilin, China
| | - Mao-Cheng Wu
- Department of Osteology, Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Yanji, 133002, Jilin, China.
| | - Chun-Ping Chu
- Department of Physiology, College of Basic Medicine, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, 132013, Jilin, China.
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6
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Fridman LB, Knerler S, Price AS, Ortiz RC, Mercado A, Wilkins H, Flores BR, Orsburn BC, Williams DW. Cocaine Regulates Antiretroviral Therapy CNS Access Through Pregnane-X Receptor-Mediated Drug Transporter and Metabolizing Enzyme Modulation at the Blood Brain Barrier. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.07.28.551042. [PMID: 37546800 PMCID: PMC10402182 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.28.551042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Appropriate interactions between antiretroviral therapies (ART) and drug transporters and metabolizing enzymes at the blood brain barrier (BBB) are critical to ensure adequate dosing of the brain to achieve HIV suppression. These proteins are modulated by demographic and lifestyle factors, including substance use. While understudied, illicit substances share drug transport and metabolism pathways with ART, increasing the potential for adverse drug:drug interactions. This is particularly important when considering the brain as it is relatively undertreated compared to peripheral organs and is vulnerable to substance use-mediated damage. Methods We used an in vitro model of the human BBB to determine the extravasation of three first-line ART drugs, emtricitabine (FTC), tenofovir (TFV), and dolutegravir (DTG), in the presence and absence of cocaine, which served as our illicit substance model. The impact of cocaine on BBB integrity and permeability, drug transporters, metabolizing enzymes, and their master transcriptional regulators were evaluated to determine the mechanisms by which substance use impacted ART central nervous system (CNS) availability. Results We determined that cocaine had a selective impact on ART extravasation, where it increased FTC's ability to cross the BBB while decreasing TFV. DTG concentrations that passed the BBB were below quantifiable limits. Interestingly, the potent neuroinflammatory modulator, lipopolysaccharide, had no effect on ART transport, suggesting a specificity for cocaine. Unexpectedly, cocaine did not breach the BBB, as permeability to albumin and tight junction proteins and adhesion molecules remained unchanged. Rather, cocaine selectively decreased the pregnane-x receptor (PXR), but not constitutive androstane receptor (CAR). Consequently, drug transporter expression and activity decreased in endothelial cells of the BBB, including p-glycoprotein (P-gp), breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP), and multidrug resistance-associated protein 4 (MRP4). Further, cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) enzymatic activity increased following cocaine treatment that coincided with decreased expression. Finally, cocaine modulated adenylate kinases are required to facilitate biotransformation of ART prodrugs to their phosphorylated, pharmacologically active counterparts. Conclusion Our findings indicate that additional considerations are needed in CNS HIV treatment strategies for people who use cocaine, as it may limit ART efficacy through regulation of drug transport and metabolizing pathways at the BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa B. Fridman
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Stephen Knerler
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Amira-Storm Price
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Rodnie Colón Ortiz
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Alicia Mercado
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Hannah Wilkins
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Bianca R. Flores
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Benjamin C. Orsburn
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| | - Dionna W. Williams
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
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Xie J, Han Y, Liang Y, Peng L, Wang T. Drosophila HisT is a specific histamine transporter that contributes to histamine recycling in glia. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabq1780. [PMID: 36288320 PMCID: PMC9604546 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq1780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Histamine is an important monoamine neurotransmitter that regulates multiple physiological activities in both vertebrates and invertebrates. Clearance and recycling of histamine are critical for sustaining histaminergic transmission. However, unlike other monoamine neurotransmitters, a histamine-specific transporter capable of clearing histamine from the synaptic cleft has not been identified. Here, through an in vitro histamine uptake screening, we identified an epithelial glia-expressing transporter, HisT (Histamine Transporter), that specifically transports histamine into cells. HisT misexpression in both pre- and postsynaptic neurons revealed a critical in vivo role for HisT in histamine transport and synaptic transmission. Last, we generated null hist alleles and demonstrated key physiological roles of HisT in maintaining histamine pools and sustaining visual transmission when the de novo synthesis of histamine synthesis was reduced. Our work identifies the first transporter that specifically recycles histamine and further indicates that the histamine clearance pathway may involve both the uptake-1 and uptake-2 transport systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xie
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yongchao Han
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yufeng Liang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Lei Peng
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Tao Wang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
- Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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8
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Dumont C, Li G, Castel J, Luquet S, Gangarossa G. Hindbrain catecholaminergic inputs to the paraventricular thalamus scale feeding and metabolic efficiency in stress-related contexts. J Physiol 2022; 600:2877-2895. [PMID: 35648134 DOI: 10.1113/jp282996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The regulation of food intake and energy balance relies on the dynamic integration of exteroceptive and interoceptive signals monitoring nutritional, metabolic, cognitive, and emotional states. The paraventricular thalamus (PVT) is a central hub that, by integrating sensory, metabolic, and emotional states, may contribute to the regulation of feeding and homeostatic/allostatic processes. However, the underlying PVT circuits still remain elusive. Here, we aimed at unravelling the role of catecholaminergic (CA) inputs to the PVT in scaling feeding and metabolic efficiency. First, using region-specific retrograde disruption of CA projections, we show that PVT CA inputs mainly arise from the hindbrain, notably the locus coeruleus (LC) and the nucleus tractus solitarius. Second, taking advantage of integrative calorimetric measurements of metabolic efficiency, we reveal that CA inputs to the PVT scale adaptive feeding and metabolic responses in environmental, behavioural, physiological, and metabolic stress-like contexts. Third, we show that hindbrainTH →PVT inputs contribute to modulating the activity of PVT as well as lateral and dorsomedial hypothalamic neurons. In conclusion, the present study, by assessing the key role of CA inputs to the PVT in scaling homeostatic/allostatic regulations of feeding patterns, reveals the integrative and converging hindbrainTH →PVT paths that contribute to whole-body metabolic adaptations in stress-like contexts. KEY POINTS: The paraventricular thalamus (PVT) is known to receive projections from the hindbrain. Here, we confirm and further extend current knowledge on the existence of hindbrainTH →PVT catecholaminergic inputs, notably from the locus coeruleus and the nucleus tractus solitarius, with the nucleus tractus solitarius representing the main source. Disruption of hindbrainTH →PVT inputs contributes to the modulation of PVT neuron activity. HindbrainTH →PVT inputs scale feeding strategies in environmental, behavioural, physiological, and metabolic stress-like contexts. HindbrainTH →PVT inputs participate in regulating metabolic efficiency and nutrient partitioning in stress-like contexts. HindbrainTH →PVT inputs, directly and/or indirectly, contribute to modulating the downstream activity of lateral and dorsomedial hypothalamic neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarisse Dumont
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Paris, France
| | - Guangping Li
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Paris, France
| | - Julien Castel
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Paris, France
| | - Serge Luquet
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Paris, France
| | - Giuseppe Gangarossa
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Paris, France
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Goetzl L, Darbinian N, Merabova N, Devane LC, Ramamoorthy S. Gestational Age Variation in Human Placental Drug Transporters. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:837694. [PMID: 35462922 PMCID: PMC9019509 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.837694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Patient and providers’ fear of fetal exposure to medications may lead to discontinuation of treatment, disease relapse, and maternal morbidity. Placental drug transporters play a critical role in fetal exposure through active transport but the majority of data are limited to the 3rd trimester, when the majority of organogenesis has already occurred. Our objective was to define gestational age (GA) dependent changes in protein activity, expression and modifications of five major placental drug transporters: SERT, P-gp, NET, BCRP and MRP3. Apical brush border membrane fractions were prepared from fresh 1st, 2nd and 3rd trimester human placentas collected following elective pregnancy termination or planned cesarean delivery. A structured maternal questionnaire was used to identify maternal drug use and exclude exposed subjects. Changes in placental transporter activity and expression relative to housekeeping proteins were quantified. There was evidence for strong developmental regulation of SERT, NET, P-gp, BCRP and MRP3. P-gp and BCRP decreased with gestation (r = −0.72, p < 0.001 and r = −0.77, p < 0.001, respectively). Total SERT increased with gestation but this increase was due to a decrease in SERT cleavage products across trimesters. Uncleaved SERT increased with GA (r = 0.89, p < 0.001) while cleaved SERT decreased with GA (r = −0.94, p < 0.001). Apical membrane NET overall did not appear to be developmentally regulated (r = −0.08, p = 0.53). Two forms of MRP3 were identified; the 50 kD form did not change across GA; the 160 kD form was steady in the 1st and 2nd trimester and increased in the 3rd trimester (r = 0.24, p = 0.02). The 50 kD form was expressed at higher levels. The observed patterns of SERT, NET P-gp, BCRP and MRP3 expression and activity may be associated with transporter activity or decreased placental permeability in the 1st trimester to transporter specific substrates including commonly used psychoactive medications such as anti-depressants, anti-psychotics, and amphetamines, while transport of nutrients and serotonin is important in the 1st trimester. Overall these observations are consistent with a strong protective effect during organogenesis. 3rd trimester estimates of fetal exposure obtained from cord blood likely significantly overestimate early fetal exposure to these medications at any fixed maternal dose.
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Functional Coupling of the Locus Coeruleus Is Linked to Successful Cognitive Control. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12030305. [PMID: 35326262 PMCID: PMC8946131 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12030305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The locus coeruleus (LC) is a brainstem structure that sends widespread efferent projections throughout the mammalian brain. The LC constitutes the major source of noradrenaline (NE), a modulatory neurotransmitter that is crucial for fundamental brain functions such as arousal, attention, and cognitive control. This role of the LC-NE is traditionally not believed to reflect functional influences on the frontoparietal network or the striatum, but recent advances in chemogenetic manipulations of the rodent brain have challenged this notion. However, demonstrations of LC-NE functional connectivity with these areas in the human brain are surprisingly sparse. Here, we close this gap. Using an established emotional stroop task, we directly compared trials requiring response conflict control with trials that did not require this, but were matched for visual stimulus properties, response modality, and controlled for pupil dilation differences across both trial types. We found that LC-NE functional coupling with the parietal cortex and regions of the striatum is substantially enhanced during trials requiring response conflict control. Crucially, the strength of this functional coupling was directly related to individual reaction time differences incurred by conflict resolution. Our data concur with recent rodent findings and highlight the importance of converging evidence between human and nonhuman neurophysiology to further understand the neural systems supporting adaptive and maladaptive behavior in health and disease.
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11
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Nicholas J, Daw ND, Shohamy D. Uncertainty alters the balance between incremental learning and episodic memory. eLife 2022; 11:81679. [PMID: 36458809 PMCID: PMC9810331 DOI: 10.7554/elife.81679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A key question in decision-making is how humans arbitrate between competing learning and memory systems to maximize reward. We address this question by probing the balance between the effects, on choice, of incremental trial-and-error learning versus episodic memories of individual events. Although a rich literature has studied incremental learning in isolation, the role of episodic memory in decision-making has only recently drawn focus, and little research disentangles their separate contributions. We hypothesized that the brain arbitrates rationally between these two systems, relying on each in circumstances to which it is most suited, as indicated by uncertainty. We tested this hypothesis by directly contrasting contributions of episodic and incremental influence to decisions, while manipulating the relative uncertainty of incremental learning using a well-established manipulation of reward volatility. Across two large, independent samples of young adults, participants traded these influences off rationally, depending more on episodic information when incremental summaries were more uncertain. These results support the proposal that the brain optimizes the balance between different forms of learning and memory according to their relative uncertainties and elucidate the circumstances under which episodic memory informs decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Nicholas
- Department of Psychology, Columbia UniversityNew YorkUnited States,Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind, Brain, Behavior Institute, Columbia UniversityNew YorkUnited States
| | - Nathaniel D Daw
- Department of Psychology, Princeton UniversityPrincetonUnited States,Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton UniversityPrincetonUnited States
| | - Daphna Shohamy
- Department of Psychology, Columbia UniversityNew YorkUnited States,Mortimer B. Zuckerman Mind, Brain, Behavior Institute, Columbia UniversityNew YorkUnited States,The Kavli Institute for Brain Science, Columbia UniversityNew YorkUnited States
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12
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Behavioral and neurochemical interactions of the tricyclic antidepressant drug desipramine with L-DOPA in 6-OHDA-lesioned rats. Implications for motor and psychiatric functions in Parkinson's disease. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2022; 239:3633-3656. [PMID: 36178508 PMCID: PMC9584871 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-022-06238-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE The pharmacological effects of antidepressants in modulating noradrenergic transmission as compared to serotonergic transmission in a rat model of Parkinson's disease under chronic L-DOPA therapy are insufficiently explored. OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of the tricyclic antidepressant desipramine administered chronically alone or jointly with L-DOPA, on motor behavior and monoamine metabolism in selected brain structures of rats with the unilateral 6-OHDA lesion. METHODS The antiparkinsonian activities of L-DOPA and desipramine were assessed behaviorally using a rotation test and biochemically based on changes in the tissue concentrations of noradrenaline, dopamine and serotonin and their metabolites, evaluated separately for the ipsi- and contralateral motor (striatum, substantia nigra) and limbic (prefrontal cortex, hippocampus) structures of rat brain by HPLC method. RESULTS Desipramine administered alone did not induce rotational behavior, but in combination with L-DOPA, it increased the number of contralateral rotations more strongly than L-DOPA alone. Both L-DOPA and desipramine + L-DOPA significantly increased DA levels in the ipsilateral striatum, substantia nigra, prefrontal cortex and the ipsi- and contralateral hippocampus. The combined treatment also significantly increased noradrenaline content in the ipsi- and contralateral striatum, while L-DOPA alone decreased serotonin level on both sides of the hippocampus. CONCLUSIONS The performed analysis of the level of monoamines and their metabolites in the selected brain structures suggests that co-modulation of noradrenergic and dopaminergic transmission in Parkinson's disease by the combined therapy with desipramine + L-DOPA may have some positive implications for motor and psychiatric functions but further research is needed to exclude potential negative effects.
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13
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Li BX, Jin H, Zhang GJ, Cui LN, Chu CP, Qiu DL. Effect of Noradrenaline on the Facial Stimulation-Evoked Mossy Fiber-Granule Cell Synaptic Transmission in Mouse Cerebellar Cortex. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:785995. [PMID: 34867179 PMCID: PMC8634677 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.785995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Noradrenaline is an important neuromodulator in the cerebellum. We previously found that noradrenaline depressed cerebellar Purkinje cell activity and climbing fiber–Purkinje cell synaptic transmission in vivo in mice. In this study, we investigated the effect of noradrenaline on the facial stimulation-evoked cerebellar cortical mossy fiber–granule cell synaptic transmission in urethane-anesthetized mice. In the presence of a γ-aminobutyrateA (GABAA) receptor antagonist, air-puff stimulation of the ipsilateral whisker pad evoked mossy fiber–granule cell synaptic transmission in the cerebellar granular layer, which expressed stimulus onset response, N1 and stimulus offset response, N2. Cerebellar surface perfusion of 25 μM noradrenaline induced decreases in the amplitude and area under the curve of N1 and N2, accompanied by an increase in the N2/N1 ratio. In the presence of a GABAA receptor blocker, noradrenaline induced a concentration-dependent decrease in the amplitude of N1, with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration of 25.45 μM. The noradrenaline-induced depression of the facial stimulation-evoked mossy fiber–granule cell synaptic transmission was reversed by additional application of an alpha-adrenergic receptor antagonist or an alpha-2 adrenergic receptor antagonist, but not by a beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist or an alpha-1 adrenergic receptor antagonist. Moreover, application of an alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonist, UK14304, significantly decreased the synaptic response and prevented the noradrenaline-induced depression. Our results indicate that noradrenaline depresses facial stimulation-evoked mossy fiber–granule cell synaptic transmission via the alpha-2 adrenergic receptor in vivo in mice, suggesting that noradrenaline regulates sensory information integration and synaptic transmission in the cerebellar cortical granular layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Xue Li
- Brain Science Research Center, Yanbian University, Yanji, China.,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, College of Medicine, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Hua Jin
- Brain Science Research Center, Yanbian University, Yanji, China.,Department of Psychology, Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Guang-Jian Zhang
- Brain Science Research Center, Yanbian University, Yanji, China.,Department of Pain, Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Li-Na Cui
- Brain Science Research Center, Yanbian University, Yanji, China.,Department of Acupuncture, Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - Chun-Ping Chu
- Brain Science Research Center, Yanbian University, Yanji, China.,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, College of Medicine, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
| | - De-Lai Qiu
- Brain Science Research Center, Yanbian University, Yanji, China.,Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, College of Medicine, Yanbian University, Yanji, China
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14
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Pérez-Santos I, Palomero-Gallagher N, Zilles K, Cavada C. Distribution of the Noradrenaline Innervation and Adrenoceptors in the Macaque Monkey Thalamus. Cereb Cortex 2021; 31:4115-4139. [PMID: 34003210 PMCID: PMC8328208 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Noradrenaline (NA) in the thalamus has important roles in physiological, pharmacological, and pathological neuromodulation. In this work, a complete characterization of NA axons and Alpha adrenoceptors distributions is provided. NA axons, revealed by immunohistochemistry against the synthesizing enzyme and the NA transporter, are present in all thalamic nuclei. The most densely innervated ones are the midline nuclei, intralaminar nuclei (paracentral and parafascicular), and the medial sector of the mediodorsal nucleus (MDm). The ventral motor nuclei and most somatosensory relay nuclei receive a moderate NA innervation. The pulvinar complex receives a heterogeneous innervation. The lateral geniculate nucleus (GL) has the lowest NA innervation. Alpha adrenoceptors were analyzed by in vitro quantitative autoradiography. Alpha-1 receptor densities are higher than Alpha-2 densities. Overall, axonal densities and Alpha adrenoceptor densities coincide; although some mismatches were identified. The nuclei with the highest Alpha-1 values are MDm, the parvocellular part of the ventral posterior medial nucleus, medial pulvinar, and midline nuclei. The nucleus with the lowest Alpha-1 receptor density is GL. Alpha-2 receptor densities are highest in the lateral dorsal, centromedian, medial and inferior pulvinar, and midline nuclei. These results suggest a role for NA in modulating thalamic involvement in consciousness, limbic, cognitive, and executive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Pérez-Santos
- Departamento de Anatomía, Histología y Neurociencia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Calle Arzobispo Morcillo 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Nicola Palomero-Gallagher
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany.,C. & O. Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Karl Zilles
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany.,C. & O. Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.,JARA-BRAIN, Jülich-Aachen Research Alliance, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Carmen Cavada
- Departamento de Anatomía, Histología y Neurociencia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Calle Arzobispo Morcillo 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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15
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Magee CP, Le BD, Siripathane YH, Wilkins DG, Hanson GR, Fleckenstein AE. Methcathinone decreases dopamine transporter function: Role of protein kinase C. J Neurochem 2021; 159:116-127. [PMID: 34320222 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Methcathinone (MCAT) is a psychostimulant of abuse that can cause both persistent striatal dopaminergic and serotonergic, as well as hippocampal serotonergic, deficits. Evidence suggests that the rapid effects of stimulants that are structurally and mechanistically similar to MCAT on monoamine transporter function may contribute to the abuse liability and/or persistent monoaminergic deficits caused by these agents. Thus, effects of MCAT on 1) striatal dopamine (DA) transporter (DAT); and 2) striatal and hippocampal serotonin transporter (SERT) function, as determined in tissues from adult male rats, were assessed. As reported previously, a single administration of MCAT rapidly (within 1 hr) decreases striatal [3 H]DA uptake. Similarly, incubation of rat synaptosomes with MCAT at 37℃ (but not 4˚C) decreased striatal [3 H]DA uptake. Incubation with MCAT likewise decreased [3 H]5HT but not vesicular [3 H]DA uptake. MCAT incubation in vitro was without effect on [3 H]DA uptake in striatal synaptosomes prepared from MCAT-treated rats. The decrease in [3 H]DA uptake caused by MCAT incubation: (a) reflected a decrease in Vmax , with minimal change in Km , and (b) was attenuated by co-incubation with the cell-permeable calcium chelator, N,N'-[1,2-ethanediylbis(oxy-2,1-phenylene)]bis[N-[2-[(acetyloxy)methoxy]-2-oxoethyl]-1,1'-bis[(acetyloxy)methyl] ester-glycine (BAPTA-AM), as well as the non-selective protein kinase-C (PKC) inhibitors bisindolylmaleimide-1 (BIM-1) and 2-[1-3(Aminopropyl)indol-3-yl]-3(1-methyl-1H-indol-3-yl)maleimide (or Bisindolylmaleimide VIII; Ro-31-7549). Taken together, these results suggest that in vitro MCAT incubation may model important aspects of MCAT administration in vivo, and that calcium and PKC contribute to the in vitro effects of MCAT on DAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte P Magee
- Interdepartmental Program in Neuroscience, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,School of Dentistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - BaoMinh D Le
- School of Dentistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | - Diana G Wilkins
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Glen R Hanson
- Interdepartmental Program in Neuroscience, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,School of Dentistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Annette E Fleckenstein
- Interdepartmental Program in Neuroscience, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,School of Dentistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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16
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Brancato A, Lo Russo SLM, Liberati AS, Carbone C, Zelli S, Laviola G, Cannizzaro C, Adriani W. Social Interactions of Dat-Het Epi-Genotypes Differing for Maternal Origins: The Development of a New Preclinical Model of Socio-Sexual Apathy. Biomedicines 2021; 9:778. [PMID: 34356842 PMCID: PMC8301365 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9070778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Social interaction is essential for life but is impaired in many psychiatric disorders. We presently focus on rats with a truncated allele for dopamine transporter (DAT). Since heterozygous individuals possess only one non-mutant allele, epigenetic interactions may unmask latent genetic predispositions. Homogeneous "maternal" heterozygous offspring (termed MAT-HET) were born from dopamine-transporter knocked-out (DAT-KO) male rats and wild-type (WT) mothers; "mixed" heterozygous offspring (termed MIX-HET) were born from both DAT-heterozygous parents. Their social behavior was assessed by: partner-preference (PPT), social-preference (SPT) and elicited-preference (EPT) tests. During the PPT, focal MIX-HET and MAT-HET males had a choice between two WT females, one in estrous and the other not. In the SPT, they met as stimulus either a MIX-HET or a WT male. In the EPT, the preference of focal male WT rats towards either a MIX- or a MAT-HET stimulus was tested. MIX-HET focal males showed an abnormal behavior, seeming not interested in socializing either with a female in estrous or with another male if MIX-HET. Focal MAT-HET males, instead, were very attracted by the female in estrous, but totally ignored the MIX-HET male. We assessed the expression of noradrenaline transporter (NET) in prefrontal cortex, hippocampus and hypothalamus, finding differences between the two offspring. MIX-HETs' hypothalamus and hippocampus showed less NET than MAT-HETs, while the latter, in turn, showed higher NET than WTs. These behavioral differences between heterozygous groups may be attributed to different maternal cares received. Results allow preclinical understanding of epigenetic factors involved in social-behavior abnormalities, typical of many psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Brancato
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties of Excellence “G. D’Alessandro”, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (A.B.); (C.C.)
| | - Sara L. M. Lo Russo
- Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (S.L.M.L.R.); (C.C.); (S.Z.); (G.L.)
| | - Anna Sara Liberati
- Faculty of Psychology, Università Telematica Internazionale “Uninettuno”, 00186 Rome, Italy;
| | - Cristiana Carbone
- Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (S.L.M.L.R.); (C.C.); (S.Z.); (G.L.)
| | - Silvia Zelli
- Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (S.L.M.L.R.); (C.C.); (S.Z.); (G.L.)
| | - Giovanni Laviola
- Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (S.L.M.L.R.); (C.C.); (S.Z.); (G.L.)
| | - Carla Cannizzaro
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties of Excellence “G. D’Alessandro”, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (A.B.); (C.C.)
| | - Walter Adriani
- Center for Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy; (S.L.M.L.R.); (C.C.); (S.Z.); (G.L.)
- Faculty of Psychology, Università Telematica Internazionale “Uninettuno”, 00186 Rome, Italy;
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17
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Bartsch JC, von Cramon M, Gruber D, Heinemann U, Behr J. Stress-Induced Enhanced Long-Term Potentiation and Reduced Threshold for N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor- and β-Adrenergic Receptor-Mediated Synaptic Plasticity in Rodent Ventral Subiculum. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:658465. [PMID: 33967694 PMCID: PMC8100191 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.658465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress is a biologically relevant signal and can modulate hippocampal synaptic plasticity. The subiculum is the major output station of the hippocampus and serves as a critical hub in the stress response network. However, stress-associated synaptic plasticity in the ventral subiculum has not been adequately addressed. Therefore, we investigated the impact of a single exposure to an inherently stressful two-way active avoidance conditioning on the induction of long-term potentiation (LTP) at CA1-subiculum synapses in ventral hippocampal slices from young adult rats 1 day after stressor exposure. We found that acute stress enhanced LTP and lowered the induction threshold for a late-onset LTP at excitatory CA1 to subicular burst-spiking neuron synapses. This late-onset LTP was dependent on the activation of β-adrenergic and glutamatergic N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors and independent of D1/D5 dopamine receptor activation. Thereby, we present a cellular mechanism that might contribute to behavioral stress adaptation after acute stressor exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia C Bartsch
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Monique von Cramon
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, Brandenburg Medical School, Neuruppin, Germany
| | - David Gruber
- Institute of Neurophysiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Uwe Heinemann
- Institute of Neurophysiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Joachim Behr
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, Brandenburg Medical School, Neuruppin, Germany.,Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Joint Faculty of the University of Potsdam, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg and Brandenburg Medical School, Potsdam, Germany
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18
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Mehedințeanu AM, Sfredel V, Stovicek PO, Schenker M, Târtea GC, Istrătoaie O, Ciurea AM, Vere CC. Assessment of Epinephrine and Norepinephrine in Gastric Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22042042. [PMID: 33670813 PMCID: PMC7922341 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22042042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of our study was to assess the sympathetic nervous system’s involvement in the evolution of gastric carcinoma in patients by analyzing the mediators of this system (epinephrine and norepinephrine), as well as by analyzing the histological expression of the norepinephrine transporter (NET). We conducted an observational study including 91 patients diagnosed with gastric carcinoma and an additional 200 patients without cancer between November 2017 and October 2018. We set the primary endpoint as mortality from any cause in the first two years after enrolment in the study. The patients were monitored by a 24-h Holter electrocardiogram (ECG) to assess sympathetic or parasympathetic predominance. Blood was also collected from the patients to measure plasma free metanephrine (Meta) and normetanephrine (N-Meta), and tumor histological samples were collected for the analysis of NET expression. All of this was performed prior to the application of any antineoplastic therapy. Each patient was monitored for two years. We found higher heart rates in patients with gastric carcinoma than those without cancer. Regarding Meta and N-Meta, elevated levels were recorded in the patients with gastric carcinoma, correlating with the degree of tumor differentiation and other negative prognostic factors such as tumor invasion, lymph node metastasis, and distant metastases. Elevated Meta and N-Meta was also associated with a poor survival rate. All these data suggest that the predominance of the sympathetic nervous system’s activity predicts increased gastric carcinoma severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Maria Mehedințeanu
- Department of Oncology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (A.M.M.); (M.S.); (A.-M.C.)
| | - Veronica Sfredel
- Department of Physiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Puiu Olivian Stovicek
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Nursing, Târgu Jiu Subsidiary, Titu Maiorescu University, 04317 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Michael Schenker
- Department of Oncology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (A.M.M.); (M.S.); (A.-M.C.)
| | - Georgică Costinel Târtea
- Department of Physiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
- Correspondence: (G.C.T.); (O.I.)
| | - Octavian Istrătoaie
- Department of Cardiology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
- Correspondence: (G.C.T.); (O.I.)
| | - Ana-Maria Ciurea
- Department of Oncology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (A.M.M.); (M.S.); (A.-M.C.)
| | - Cristin Constantin Vere
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
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Autophagy status as a gateway for stress-induced catecholamine interplay in neurodegeneration. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 123:238-256. [PMID: 33497785 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The catecholamine-containing brainstem nuclei locus coeruleus (LC) and ventral tegmental area (VTA) are critically involved in stress responses. Alterations of catecholamine systems during chronic stress may contribute to neurodegeneration, including cognitive decline. Stress-related catecholamine alterations, while contributing to anxiety and depression, might accelerate neuronal degeneration by increasing the formation of toxic dopamine and norepinephrine by-products. These, in turn, may impair proteostasis within a variety of cortical and subcortical areas. In particular, the molecular events governing neurotransmission, neuroplasticity, and proteostasis within LC and VTA affect a variety of brain areas. Therefore, we focus on alterations of autophagy machinery in these nuclei as a relevant trigger in this chain of events. In fact, these catecholamine-containing areas are mostly prone to autophagy-dependent neurodegeneration. Thus, we propose a dynamic hypothesis according to which stress-induced autophagy alterations within the LC-VTA network foster a cascade towards early neurodegeneration within these nuclei.
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20
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Cao S, Fisher DW, Rodriguez G, Yu T, Dong H. Comparisons of neuroinflammation, microglial activation, and degeneration of the locus coeruleus-norepinephrine system in APP/PS1 and aging mice. J Neuroinflammation 2021; 18:10. [PMID: 33407625 PMCID: PMC7789762 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-020-02054-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of microglia in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis is becoming increasingly important, as activation of these cell types likely contributes to both pathological and protective processes associated with all phases of the disease. During early AD pathogenesis, one of the first areas of degeneration is the locus coeruleus (LC), which provides broad innervation of the central nervous system and facilitates norepinephrine (NE) transmission. Though the LC-NE is likely to influence microglial dynamics, it is unclear how these systems change with AD compared to otherwise healthy aging. METHODS In this study, we evaluated the dynamic changes of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in the LC-NE system in the brain and spinal cord of APP/PS1 mice and aged WT mice using immunofluorescence and ELISA. RESULTS Our results demonstrated increased expression of inflammatory cytokines and microglial activation observed in the cortex, hippocampus, and spinal cord of APP/PS1 compared to WT mice. LC-NE neuron and fiber loss as well as reduced norepinephrine transporter (NET) expression was more evident in APP/PS1 mice, although NE levels were similar between 12-month-old APP/PS1 and WT mice. Notably, the degree of microglial activation, LC-NE nerve fiber loss, and NET reduction in the brain and spinal cord were more severe in 12-month-old APP/PS1 compared to 12- and 24-month-old WT mice. CONCLUSION These results suggest that elevated neuroinflammation and microglial activation in the brain and spinal cord of APP/PS1 mice correlate with significant degeneration of the LC-NE system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Cao
- Department of Pain Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, 149 Dalian Street, Zunyi, 563000, Guizhou, China
- Guizhou Key Lab of Anesthesia and Organ Protection, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, 6 West Xuefu Street, Zunyi, 563002, Guizhou, China
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Daniel W Fisher
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington Medical Center, 1959 NE Pacific St, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Guadalupe Rodriguez
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Tian Yu
- Guizhou Key Lab of Anesthesia and Organ Protection, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, 6 West Xuefu Street, Zunyi, 563002, Guizhou, China
| | - Hongxin Dong
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 East Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
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21
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Abstract
Inhibitors of Na+/Cl- dependent high affinity transporters for norepinephrine (NE), serotonin (5-HT), and/or dopamine (DA) represent frequently used drugs for treatment of psychological disorders such as depression, anxiety, obsessive-compulsive disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and addiction. These transporters remove NE, 5-HT, and/or DA after neuronal excitation from the interstitial space close to the synapses. Thereby they terminate transmission and modulate neuronal behavioral circuits. Therapeutic failure and undesired central nervous system side effects of these drugs have been partially assigned to neurotransmitter removal by low affinity transport. Cloning and functional characterization of the polyspecific organic cation transporters OCT1 (SLC22A1), OCT2 (SLC22A2), OCT3 (SLC22A3) and the plasma membrane monoamine transporter PMAT (SLC29A4) revealed that every single transporter mediates low affinity uptake of NE, 5-HT, and DA. Whereas the organic transporters are all located in the blood brain barrier, OCT2, OCT3, and PMAT are expressed in neurons or in neurons and astrocytes within brain areas that are involved in behavioral regulation. Areas of expression include the dorsal raphe, medullary motoric nuclei, hypothalamic nuclei, and/or the nucleus accumbens. Current knowledge of the transport of monoamine neurotransmitters by the organic cation transporters, their interactions with psychotropic drugs, and their locations in the brain is reported in detail. In addition, animal experiments including behavior tests in wildtype and knockout animals are reported in which the impact of OCT2, OCT3, and/or PMAT on regulation of salt intake, depression, mood control, locomotion, and/or stress effect on addiction is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hermann Koepsell
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
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22
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Differential attentional control mechanisms by two distinct noradrenergic coeruleo-frontal cortical pathways. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:29080-29089. [PMID: 33139568 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2015635117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The attentional control of behavior is a higher-order cognitive function that operates through attention and response inhibition. The locus coeruleus (LC), the main source of norepinephrine in the brain, is considered to be involved in attentional control by modulating the neuronal activity of the prefrontal cortex (PFC). However, evidence for the causal role of LC activity in attentional control remains elusive. Here, by using behavioral and optogenetic techniques, we investigate the effect of LC neuron activation or inhibition in operant tests measuring attention and response inhibition (i.e., a measure of impulsive behavior). We show that LC neuron stimulation increases goal-directed attention and decreases impulsivity, while its suppression exacerbates distractibility and increases impulsive responding. Remarkably, we found that attention and response inhibition are under the control of two divergent projections emanating from the LC: one to the dorso-medial PFC and the other to the ventro-lateral orbitofrontal cortex, respectively. These findings are especially relevant for those pathological conditions characterized by attention deficits and elevated impulsivity.
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23
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Augusto-Oliveira M, Arrifano GP, Takeda PY, Lopes-Araújo A, Santos-Sacramento L, Anthony DC, Verkhratsky A, Crespo-Lopez ME. Astroglia-specific contributions to the regulation of synapses, cognition and behaviour. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 118:331-357. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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24
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Vidal B, Droguerre M, Venet L, Zimmer L, Valdebenito M, Mouthon F, Charvériat M. Functional ultrasound imaging to study brain dynamics: Application of pharmaco-fUS to atomoxetine. Neuropharmacology 2020; 179:108273. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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25
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Longley M, Ballard J, Andres-Alonso M, Varatharajah RC, Cuthbert H, Yeo CH. A Patterned Architecture of Monoaminergic Afferents in the Cerebellar Cortex: Noradrenergic and Serotonergic Fibre Distributions within Lobules and Parasagittal Zones. Neuroscience 2020; 462:106-121. [PMID: 32949672 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The geometry of the glutamatergic mossy-parallel fibre and climbing fibre inputs to cerebellar cortical Purkinje cells has powerfully influenced thinking about cerebellar functions. The compartmentation of the cerebellum into parasagittal zones, identifiable in olivo-cortico-nuclear projections, and the trajectories of the parallel fibres, transverse to these zones and following the long axes of the cortical folia, are particularly important. Two monoaminergic afferent systems, the serotonergic and noradrenergic, are major inputs to the cerebellar cortex but their architecture and relationship with the cortical geometry are poorly understood. Immunohistochemistry for the serotonin transporter (SERT) and for the noradrenaline transporter (NET) revealed strong anisotropy of these afferent fibres in the molecular layer of rat cerebellar cortex. Individual serotonergic fibres travel predominantly medial-lateral, along the long axes of the cortical folia, similar to parallel fibres and Zebrin II immunohistochemistry revealed that they can influence multiple zones. In contrast, individual noradrenergic fibres run predominantly parasagittally with rostral-caudal extents significantly longer than their medial-lateral deviations. Their local area of influence has similarities in form and size to those of identified microzones. Within the molecular layer, the orthogonal trajectories of these two afferent systems suggest different information processing. An individual serotonergic fibre must influence all zones and microzones within its medial-lateral trajectory. In contrast, noradrenergic fibres can influence smaller cortical territories, potentially as limited as a microzone. Evidence is emerging that these monoaminergic systems may not supply a global signal to all of their targets and their potential for cerebellar cortical functions is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Longley
- Dept. Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom.
| | - John Ballard
- Dept. Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom.
| | - Maria Andres-Alonso
- Dept. Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom.
| | | | - Hadleigh Cuthbert
- Dept. Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom.
| | - Christopher H Yeo
- Dept. Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom.
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26
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Weselek G, Keiner S, Fauser M, Wagenführ L, Müller J, Kaltschmidt B, Brandt MD, Gerlach M, Redecker C, Hermann A, Storch A. Norepinephrine is a negative regulator of the adult periventricular neural stem cell niche. Stem Cells 2020; 38:1188-1201. [PMID: 32473039 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The limited proliferative capacity of neuroprogenitor cells (NPCs) within the periventricular germinal niches (PGNs) located caudal of the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricles together with their high proliferation capacity after isolation strongly implicates cell-extrinsic humoral factors restricting NPC proliferation in the hypothalamic and midbrain PGNs. We comparatively examined the effects of norepinephrine (NE) as an endogenous candidate regulator of PGN neurogenesis in the SVZ as well as the periventricular hypothalamus and the periaqueductal midbrain. Histological and neurochemical analyses revealed that the pattern of NE innervation of the adult PGNs is inversely associated with their in vivo NPC proliferation capacity with low NE levels coupled to high NPC proliferation in the SVZ but high NE levels coupled to low NPC proliferation in hypothalamic and midbrain PGNs. Intraventricular infusion of NE decreased NPC proliferation and neurogenesis in the SVZ-olfactory bulb system, while pharmacological NE inhibition increased NPC proliferation and early neurogenesis events in the caudal PGNs. Neurotoxic ablation of NE neurons using the Dsp4-fluoxetine protocol confirmed its inhibitory effects on NPC proliferation. Contrarily, NE depletion largely impairs NPC proliferation within the hippocampus in the same animals. Our data indicate that norepinephrine has opposite effects on the two fundamental neurogenic niches of the adult brain with norepinephrine being a negative regulator of adult periventricular neurogenesis. This knowledge might ultimately lead to new therapeutic approaches to influence neurogenesis in hypothalamus-related metabolic diseases or to stimulate endogenous regenerative potential in neurodegenerative processes such as Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grit Weselek
- Department of Neurology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany.,Division of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Germany
| | - Silke Keiner
- Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Germany
| | - Mareike Fauser
- Department of Neurology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany.,Division of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lisa Wagenführ
- Division of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Julia Müller
- Division of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Barbara Kaltschmidt
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Neurobiology, University of Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Moritz D Brandt
- Division of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Manfred Gerlach
- Clinic for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Center for Mental Health, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Redecker
- Hans Berger Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Klinikum Lippe, Lemgo, Germany
| | - Andreas Hermann
- Division of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Germany.,Translational Neurodegeneration Section "Albrecht-Kossel", Department of Neurology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Alexander Storch
- Department of Neurology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany.,Division of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neurology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Germany
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27
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Decreased neural expression of the noradrenaline transporter in the papillary dermis after partial sciatic nerve lesion. J Chem Neuroanat 2020; 107:101806. [PMID: 32473320 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2020.101806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
After peripheral nerve injury, regeneration or collateral sprouting of noradrenergic nerve fibres in the papillary dermis of the injured limb may contribute to sympathetically-maintained pain. The aim of this study was to determine whether noradrenergic nerve fibre regeneration after partial sciatic nerve ligation (PSL) in Wistar rats was accompanied by parallel shifts in expression of the noradrenaline transporter (NAT). Four or 28 days after PSL surgery, immunohistochemistry was used to examine NAT expression in plantar hind paw skin in relation to pan-neuronal markers (class III beta-tubulin and protein gene product 9.5), peptidergic afferents containing calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), nonpeptidergic afferents labelled by isolectin B4 (IB4), and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), a marker for cutaneous noradrenergic nerve fibres. Most dermal nerve fibre populations decreased shortly after PSL. However, four weeks after PSL, an increase in staining intensity of CGRP and novel expression of TH were observed in the papillary dermis on the injured side. In contrast, neural expression of NAT was reduced in this region. Loss of NAT might have implications for sympathetically-maintained pain, as failure to rapidly clear noradrenaline could exacerbate aberrant sympathetic-sensory signalling between closely apposed noradrenergic and peptidergic nerve fibres.
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28
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Ilic M, Holy M, Jaentsch K, Liechti ME, Lubec G, Baumann MH, Sitte HH, Luethi D. Cell-Based Radiotracer Binding and Uptake Inhibition Assays: A Comparison of In Vitro Methods to Assess the Potency of Drugs That Target Monoamine Transporters. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:673. [PMID: 32508638 PMCID: PMC7248194 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
High-affinity monoamine transporters are targets for prescribed medications and stimulant drugs of abuse. Therefore, assessing monoamine transporter activity for candidate medications and newly-emerging drugs of abuse provides essential information for industry, academia, and public health. Radiotracer binding and uptake inhibition are the gold standard assays for determining drug–transporter interaction profiles. The combined results from such assays yield a unique biochemical fingerprint for each compound. Over time, different assay methods have been developed to assess transporter activity, and the comparability of data across various assay platforms remains largely unclear. Here, we compare the effects of six well-established stimulants in two different cell-based uptake inhibition assays, one method using adherent cells and the other using suspended cells. Furthermore, we compare the data from transfected cell lines derived from different laboratories and data reported from rat synaptosomes. For transporter inhibitors, IC50 values obtained by the two experimental methods were comparable, but using different transfected cell lines yielded disparate results. For transporter substrates, differences between the two cell lines were less pronounced but the drugs displayed different inhibition potencies when evaluated by the two methods. Our study illustrates the inherent limitations when comparing transporter inhibition data from different laboratories and stresses the importance of including appropriate control experiments with reference compounds when investigating new drugs of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Ilic
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Neuroproteomics, Paracelsus Private Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Marion Holy
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kathrin Jaentsch
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthias E Liechti
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gert Lubec
- Neuroproteomics, Paracelsus Private Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Michael H Baumann
- Designer Drug Research Unit, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Harald H Sitte
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dino Luethi
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Division of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel and University Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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29
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Ramachandran CD, Gholami K, Lam SK, Hoe SZ. A preliminary study of the effect of a high-salt diet on transcriptome dynamics in rat hypothalamic forebrain and brainstem cardiovascular control centers. PeerJ 2020; 8:e8528. [PMID: 32175184 PMCID: PMC7059759 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High dietary salt intake is strongly correlated with cardiovascular (CV) diseases and it is regarded as a major risk factor associated with the pathogenesis of hypertension. The CV control centres in the brainstem (the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) and the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM)) and hypothalamic forebrain (the subfornical organ, SFO; the supraoptic nucleus, SON and the paraventricular nucleus, PVN) have critical roles in regulating CV autonomic motor outflows, and thus maintaining blood pressure (BP). Growing evidence has implicated autonomic regulatory networks in salt-sensitive HPN (SSH), but the genetic basis remains to be delineated. We hypothesized that the development and/ or maintenance of SSH is reliant on the change in the expression of genes in brain regions controlling the CV system. METHODOLOGY We used RNA-Sequencing (RNA-Seq) to describe the differential expression of genes in SFO, SON, PVN, NTS and RVLM of rats being chronically fed with high-salt (HS) diet. Subsequently, a selection of putatively regulated genes was validated with quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in both Spontaneously Hypertensive rats (SHRs) and Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats. RESULTS The findings enabled us to identify number of differentially expressed genes in SFO, SON, PVN, NTS and RVLM; that are either up-regulated in both strains of rats (SON- Caprin2, Sctr), down-regulated in both strains of rats (PVN- Orc, Gkap1), up-regulated only in SHRs (SFO- Apopt1, Lin52, AVP, OXT; SON- AVP, OXT; PVN- Caprin2, Sclt; RVLM- A4galt, Slc29a4, Cmc1) or down-regulated only in SHRs (SON- Ndufaf2, Kcnv1; PVN- Pi4k2a; NTS- Snrpd2l, Ankrd29, St6galnac6, Rnf157, Iglon5, Csrnp3, Rprd1a; RVLM- Ttr, Faim). CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrated the adverse effects of HS diet on BP, which may be mediated via modulating the signaling systems in CV centers in the hypothalamic forebrain and brainstem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chitra Devi Ramachandran
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Perseketuan, Malaysia
| | - Khadijeh Gholami
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Perseketuan, Malaysia
- Human Biology Division, School of Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Perseketuan, Malaysia
| | - Sau Kuen Lam
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Perseketuan, Malaysia
- Department of Pre-Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Sungai Long, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - See Ziau Hoe
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Perseketuan, Malaysia
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30
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Morellini N, Phillips JK, Wall RV, Drummond PD. Expression of the noradrenaline transporter in the peripheral nervous system. J Chem Neuroanat 2019; 104:101742. [PMID: 31891756 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2019.101742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The noradrenaline transporter (NAT) transfers noradrenaline released into the synaptic cleft back into the presynaptic terminal, thus terminating neurotransmission. Although the distribution of NAT within the central nervous system has been well-characterized, less is known about its distribution elsewhere in the peripheral nervous system and in organs such as the skin. To address this in the present study, NAT expression was investigated using immunohistochemistry in the hind paw skin and more proximally in the sciatic nerve, dorsal root ganglia and spinal cord of five male Wistar rats. It was hypothesised that NAT would be expressed exclusively on nerve fibres labelled by dopamine beta hydroxylase (DβH), an enzyme involved in the conversion of dopamine to noradrenaline. NAT co-localised with DβH in neurons in the spinal cord, dorsal root ganglia and sciatic nerve. Unexpectedly, however, NAT-like immunoreactivity was not observed in DβH immuno-reactive fibres that innervated dermal blood vessels, suggesting that a mechanism other than presynaptic re-uptake of noradrenaline through NAT regulates transmission at neurovascular junctions in the skin. Furthermore, a novel association between NAT-like immunoreactivity and the myelin marker myelin basic protein (MBP) was identified in peripheral nerves. Specifically, NAT and MBP appeared to congregate around primary afferent nerve fibres labelled by neurofilament 200, a marker of neurons with medium- and large-diameter axons. NAT-like immunoreactivity was also detected in cultured Schwann cells immunohistochemically and at the mRNA level. Together, these findings imply a hitherto unrecognised role of Schwann cells in clearance of noradrenaline in the peripheral nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Morellini
- College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia, and School of Medicine, University of Notre Dame, Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia
| | | | - Roshana Vander Wall
- Department of Biomedical Science, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter D Drummond
- College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia, and School of Medicine, University of Notre Dame, Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia.
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31
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Verkhratsky A, Rose CR. Na +-dependent transporters: The backbone of astroglial homeostatic function. Cell Calcium 2019; 85:102136. [PMID: 31835178 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2019.102136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Astrocytes are the principal homeostatic cells of the central nerves system (CNS) that support the CNS function at all levels of organisation, from molecular to organ. Several fundamental homeostatic functions of astrocytes are mediated through plasmalemmal pumps and transporters; most of which are also regulated by the transplasmalemmal gradient of Na+ ions. Neuronal activity as well as mechanical or chemical stimulation of astrocytes trigger plasmalemmal Na+ fluxes, which in turn generate spatio-temporally organised transient changes in the cytosolic Na+ concentration, which represent the substrate of astroglial Na+ signalling. Astroglial Na+ signals link and coordinate neuronal activity and CNS homeostatic demands with the astroglial homeostatic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexei Verkhratsky
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK; Achucarro Centre for Neuroscience, IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48011, Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Christine R Rose
- Institute of Neurobiology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstrasse 1, D-40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
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32
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Mulvey B, Bhatti DL, Gyawali S, Lake AM, Kriaucionis S, Ford CP, Bruchas MR, Heintz N, Dougherty JD. Molecular and Functional Sex Differences of Noradrenergic Neurons in the Mouse Locus Coeruleus. Cell Rep 2019; 23:2225-2235. [PMID: 29791834 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.04.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Preclinical work has long focused on male animals, though biological sex clearly influences risk for certain diseases, including many psychiatric disorders. Such disorders are often treated by drugs targeting the CNS norepinephrine system. Despite roles for noradrenergic neurons in behavior and neuropsychiatric disease models, their molecular characterization has lagged. We profiled mouse noradrenergic neurons in vivo, defining over 3,000 high-confidence transcripts expressed therein, including druggable receptors. We uncovered remarkable sex differences in gene expression, including elevated expression of the EP3 receptor in females-which we leverage to illustrate the behavioral and pharmacologic relevance of these findings-and of Slc6a15 and Lin28b, both major depressive disorder (MDD)-associated genes. Broadly, we present a means of transcriptionally profiling locus coeruleus under baseline and experimental conditions. Our findings underscore the need for preclinical work to include both sexes and suggest that sex differences in noradrenergic neurons may underlie behavioral differences relevant to disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Mulvey
- Department of Genetics and Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Dionnet L Bhatti
- Department of Anesthesiology and Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sandeep Gyawali
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Rockefeller University, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Allison M Lake
- Department of Genetics and Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Christopher P Ford
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Michael R Bruchas
- Department of Anesthesiology and Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Nathaniel Heintz
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Rockefeller University, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joseph D Dougherty
- Department of Genetics and Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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33
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Verkhratsky A, Parpura V, Vardjan N, Zorec R. Physiology of Astroglia. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1175:45-91. [PMID: 31583584 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-9913-8_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Astrocytes are principal cells responsible for maintaining the brain homeostasis. Additionally, these glial cells are also involved in homocellular (astrocyte-astrocyte) and heterocellular (astrocyte-other cell types) signalling and metabolism. These astroglial functions require an expression of the assortment of molecules, be that transporters or pumps, to maintain ion concentration gradients across the plasmalemma and the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum. Astrocytes sense and balance their neurochemical environment via variety of transmitter receptors and transporters. As they are electrically non-excitable, astrocytes display intracellular calcium and sodium fluctuations, which are not only used for operative signalling but can also affect metabolism. In this chapter we discuss the molecules that achieve ionic gradients and underlie astrocyte signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexei Verkhratsky
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK. .,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Center for Basic and Translational Neuroscience, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark. .,Achucarro Center for Neuroscience, IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, 48011, Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Vladimir Parpura
- Department of Neurobiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Nina Vardjan
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology-Molecular Cell Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pathophysiology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Celica Biomedical, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Robert Zorec
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology-Molecular Cell Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pathophysiology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Celica Biomedical, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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34
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Hassani OK, Rymar VV, Nguyen KQ, Huo L, Cloutier JF, Miller FD, Sadikot AF. The noradrenergic system is necessary for survival of vulnerable midbrain dopaminergic neurons: implications for development and Parkinson's disease. Neurobiol Aging 2019; 85:22-37. [PMID: 31734438 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2019.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The cause of midbrain dopaminergic (mDA) neuron loss in sporadic Parkinson's disease (PD) is multifactorial, involving cell autonomous factors, cell-cell interactions, and the effects of environmental toxins. Early loss of neurons in the locus coeruleus (LC), the main source of ascending noradrenergic (NA) projections, is an important feature of PD and other neurodegenerative disorders. We hypothesized that NA afferents provide trophic support for vulnerable mDA neurons. We demonstrate that depriving mDA neurons of NA input increases postnatal apoptosis and decreases cell survival in young adult rodents, with relative sparing of calbindin-positive subpopulations known to be resistant to degeneration in PD. As a mechanism, we propose that the neurotrophin brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) modulates anterograde survival effects of LC inputs to mDA neurons. We demonstrate that the LC is rich in BDNF mRNA in postnatal and young adult brains. Early postnatal NA denervation reduces both BDNF protein and activation of TrkB receptors in the ventral midbrain. Furthermore, overexpression of BDNF in NA afferents in transgenic mice increases mDA neuronal survival. Finally, increasing NA activity in primary cultures of mDA neurons improves survival, an effect that is additive or synergistic in the presence of different concentrations of BDNF. Taken together, our results point to a novel mechanism whereby LC afferents couple BDNF effects and NA activity to provide anterograde trophic support for vulnerable mDA neurons. Early loss of NA activity and anterograde neurotrophin support may contribute to degeneration of vulnerable neurons in PD and other neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oum Kaltoum Hassani
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Vladimir V Rymar
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Khanh Q Nguyen
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Lia Huo
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jean-François Cloutier
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Freda D Miller
- Departments of Medical Genetics, Microbiology & Physiology, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Abbas F Sadikot
- Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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35
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Rapid Reconfiguration of the Functional Connectome after Chemogenetic Locus Coeruleus Activation. Neuron 2019; 103:702-718.e5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2019.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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36
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Sun N, Li BX, Hong YJ, Bing YH, Qiu DL, Chu CP. Noradrenaline depresses spontaneous complex spikes activity of cerebellar Purkinje cells via α2-adrenergic receptor in vivo in mice. Neurosci Lett 2019; 703:38-44. [PMID: 30853408 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Locus coeruleus (LC) noradrenergic neurons afferents release noradrenaline (NA) in the cerebellar cortex for modulating cerebellar neuronal circuitry function. Our previous study found that NA inhibited the spontaneous simple spikes activity of cerebellar Purkinje cells (PC) through activation of molecular layer interneurons (MLIs) in vivo in mice. We here examined the effects of NA on spontaneous complex spikes (CSs) activity of cerebellar PC in urethane-anesthetized mice by electrophysiology recording technique and pharmacological methods. Our results showed that cerebellar surface perfusion of NA significantly reduced the number of spikelets and the area under curve (AUC) of the spontaneous CSs. Application of nonselective adrenergic receptor (AR) antagonist, phentolamine, abolished the NA-induced inhibition of CSs. However applying a nonselective β-AR blocker, propranolol, failed to prevent the NA-induced inhibition of CSs activity. The NA-induced inhibition of CSs activity was not blocked by α1-AR antagonist, prazosin, but it was abolished by α2-AR antagonist, yohimibine. Moreover, application of α2-AR agonist, UK14304 induced a depression of CSs activity and mimicked the NA-induced inhibition of CS activity. These results indicate that NA regulates spontaneous CSs activity of cerebellar PCs via activation of α2-AR in vivo in mice. Our present results suggest that noradrenergic neurons of LC may modulate the outputs of cerebellar PCs via inhibition of CSs activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Sun
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Function and Pharmacology of Jilin Province, Yanbian University, Yanji City, Jilin Province, 133002, China; Cellular Function Research Center, Yanbian University, 977 GongYuan Road, Yanji City, Jilin Province, 133002, China; Department of Psychology, Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China; Department of Clinical Blood and Body Fluid Testing, College of Medical Technique, Beihua University, Jilin City, Jilin Province, China
| | - Bing-Xue Li
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Function and Pharmacology of Jilin Province, Yanbian University, Yanji City, Jilin Province, 133002, China; Cellular Function Research Center, Yanbian University, 977 GongYuan Road, Yanji City, Jilin Province, 133002, China; Department of Psychology, Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Ying-Ji Hong
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Function and Pharmacology of Jilin Province, Yanbian University, Yanji City, Jilin Province, 133002, China; Cellular Function Research Center, Yanbian University, 977 GongYuan Road, Yanji City, Jilin Province, 133002, China; Department of Psychology, Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Yan-Hua Bing
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Function and Pharmacology of Jilin Province, Yanbian University, Yanji City, Jilin Province, 133002, China; Cellular Function Research Center, Yanbian University, 977 GongYuan Road, Yanji City, Jilin Province, 133002, China; Department of Psychology, Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - De-Lai Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Function and Pharmacology of Jilin Province, Yanbian University, Yanji City, Jilin Province, 133002, China; Cellular Function Research Center, Yanbian University, 977 GongYuan Road, Yanji City, Jilin Province, 133002, China; Department of Psychology, Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Chun-Ping Chu
- Key Laboratory of Cellular Function and Pharmacology of Jilin Province, Yanbian University, Yanji City, Jilin Province, 133002, China; Cellular Function Research Center, Yanbian University, 977 GongYuan Road, Yanji City, Jilin Province, 133002, China; Department of Psychology, Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China.
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Dunn M, Henke A, Clark S, Kovalyova Y, Kempadoo KA, Karpowicz RJ, Kandel ER, Sulzer D, Sames D. Designing a norepinephrine optical tracer for imaging individual noradrenergic synapses and their activity in vivo. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2838. [PMID: 30026491 PMCID: PMC6053466 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05075-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Norepinephrine is a monoamine neurotransmitter with a wide repertoire of physiological roles in the peripheral and central nervous systems. There are, however, no experimental means to study functional properties of individual noradrenergic synapses in the brain. Development of new approaches for imaging synaptic neurotransmission is of fundamental importance to study specific synaptic changes that occur during learning, behavior, and pathological processes. Here, we introduce fluorescent false neurotransmitter 270 (FFN270), a fluorescent tracer of norepinephrine. As a fluorescent substrate of the norepinephrine and vesicular monoamine transporters, FFN270 labels noradrenergic neurons and their synaptic vesicles, and enables imaging synaptic vesicle content release from specific axonal sites in living rodents. Combining FFN270 imaging and optogenetic stimulation, we find heterogeneous release properties of noradrenergic synapses in the somatosensory cortex, including low and high releasing populations. Through systemic amphetamine administration, we observe rapid release of cortical noradrenergic vesicular content, providing insight into the drug’s effect. The noradrenergic system plays numerous physiological roles but tools to study it are scarce. Here the authors develop a fluorescent analogue of norepinephrine that can be used to label noradrenergic neurons and the synaptic vesicles, and use it to measure single synaptic vesicle release sites in living mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Dunn
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Adam Henke
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA
| | - Samuel Clark
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | | | | | | | - Eric R Kandel
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Kavli Institute for Brain Science, New York, NY, 10032, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - David Sulzer
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA. .,Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA. .,Department of Pharmacology, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA.
| | - Dalibor Sames
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA.
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Vollbrecht PJ, Nesbitt KM, Mabrouk OS, Chadderdon AM, Jutkiewicz EM, Kennedy RT, Ferrario CR. Cocaine and desipramine elicit distinct striatal noradrenergic and behavioral responses in selectively bred obesity-resistant and obesity-prone rats. Behav Brain Res 2018; 346:137-143. [PMID: 29129597 PMCID: PMC5860948 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated a role for norepinephrine (NE) in energy regulation and feeding, and basal differences have been observed in hypothalamic NE systems in obesity-prone vs. obesity-resistant rats. Differences in the function of brain reward circuits, including in the nucleus accumbens (NAc), have been shown in obesity-prone vs. obesity-resistant populations, leading many researchers to explore the role of striatal dopamine in obesity. However, alterations in NE transmission also affect NAc mediated behaviors. Therefore, here we examined differences in striatal NE and the response to norepinephrine transporter blockers in obesity-prone and obesity-resistant rats. We found that striatal NE levels increase following systemic cocaine administration in obesity-prone, but not obesity-resistant rats. This could result from either blockade of striatal norepinephrine transporters (NET) by cocaine leading to reduced NE reuptake, or circuit-based responses following cocaine administration resulting in increased NE release. Retrodialysis of the NET inhibitor, desipramine, into the ventral striatum did not cause selective increases in striatal NE levels in obesity-prone rats, suggesting that circuit-based mechanisms underlie NE increases following systemic cocaine administration. Consistent with this, systemic desipramine treatment decreased locomotor activity in obesity-prone, but not obesity-resistant rats. Furthermore, obesity-prone rats were also more sensitive to desipramine-induced reductions in food intake compared to obesity-resistant rats. Taken together, these data expand our understanding of differences in NE systems of obesity-prone vs. resistant rats, and provide new insights into basal differences in striatal systems that may influence feeding behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Vollbrecht
- Departments of Pharmacology and Chemistry University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Chemistry, Towson University, Towson, MD, USA
| | - Kathryn M Nesbitt
- Departments of Pharmacology and Chemistry University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Biology, Hope College, Holland, MI, USA; Department of Chemistry, Towson University, Towson, MD, USA
| | | | - Aaron M Chadderdon
- Departments of Pharmacology and Chemistry University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Emily M Jutkiewicz
- Departments of Pharmacology and Chemistry University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Robert T Kennedy
- Departments of Pharmacology and Chemistry University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Biology, Hope College, Holland, MI, USA
| | - Carrie R Ferrario
- Departments of Pharmacology and Chemistry University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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39
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Zhu MY. Noradrenergic Modulation on Dopaminergic Neurons. Neurotox Res 2018; 34:848-859. [DOI: 10.1007/s12640-018-9889-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Abstract
Astrocytes are neural cells of ectodermal, neuroepithelial origin that provide for homeostasis and defense of the central nervous system (CNS). Astrocytes are highly heterogeneous in morphological appearance; they express a multitude of receptors, channels, and membrane transporters. This complement underlies their remarkable adaptive plasticity that defines the functional maintenance of the CNS in development and aging. Astrocytes are tightly integrated into neural networks and act within the context of neural tissue; astrocytes control homeostasis of the CNS at all levels of organization from molecular to the whole organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexei Verkhratsky
- The University of Manchester , Manchester , United Kingdom ; Achúcarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science , Bilbao , Spain ; Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU and CIBERNED, Leioa, Spain ; Center for Basic and Translational Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark ; and Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical Center , Rochester, New York
| | - Maiken Nedergaard
- The University of Manchester , Manchester , United Kingdom ; Achúcarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science , Bilbao , Spain ; Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU and CIBERNED, Leioa, Spain ; Center for Basic and Translational Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark ; and Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical Center , Rochester, New York
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41
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Verkhratsky A, Nedergaard M. Physiology of Astroglia. Physiol Rev 2018; 98:239-389. [PMID: 29351512 PMCID: PMC6050349 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00042.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 928] [Impact Index Per Article: 154.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are neural cells of ectodermal, neuroepithelial origin that provide for homeostasis and defense of the central nervous system (CNS). Astrocytes are highly heterogeneous in morphological appearance; they express a multitude of receptors, channels, and membrane transporters. This complement underlies their remarkable adaptive plasticity that defines the functional maintenance of the CNS in development and aging. Astrocytes are tightly integrated into neural networks and act within the context of neural tissue; astrocytes control homeostasis of the CNS at all levels of organization from molecular to the whole organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexei Verkhratsky
- The University of Manchester , Manchester , United Kingdom ; Achúcarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science , Bilbao , Spain ; Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU and CIBERNED, Leioa, Spain ; Center for Basic and Translational Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark ; and Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical Center , Rochester, New York
| | - Maiken Nedergaard
- The University of Manchester , Manchester , United Kingdom ; Achúcarro Basque Center for Neuroscience, IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science , Bilbao , Spain ; Department of Neuroscience, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU and CIBERNED, Leioa, Spain ; Center for Basic and Translational Neuroscience, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark ; and Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical Center , Rochester, New York
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42
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Locus Coeruleus and Dopamine-Dependent Memory Consolidation. Neural Plast 2017; 2017:8602690. [PMID: 29123927 PMCID: PMC5662828 DOI: 10.1155/2017/8602690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Most everyday memories including many episodic-like memories that we may form automatically in the hippocampus (HPC) are forgotten, while some of them are retained for a long time by a memory stabilization process, called initial memory consolidation. Specifically, the retention of everyday memory is enhanced, in humans and animals, when something novel happens shortly before or after the time of encoding. Converging evidence has indicated that dopamine (DA) signaling via D1/D5 receptors in HPC is required for persistence of synaptic plasticity and memory, thereby playing an important role in the novelty-associated memory enhancement. In this review paper, we aim to provide an overview of the key findings related to D1/D5 receptor-dependent persistence of synaptic plasticity and memory in HPC, especially focusing on the emerging evidence for a role of the locus coeruleus (LC) in DA-dependent memory consolidation. We then refer to candidate brain areas and circuits that might be responsible for detection and transmission of the environmental novelty signal and molecular and anatomical evidence for the LC-DA system. We also discuss molecular mechanisms that might mediate the environmental novelty-associated memory enhancement, including plasticity-related proteins that are involved in initial memory consolidation processes in HPC.
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Park JW, Bhimani RV, Park J. Noradrenergic Modulation of Dopamine Transmission Evoked by Electrical Stimulation of the Locus Coeruleus in the Rat Brain. ACS Chem Neurosci 2017; 8:1913-1924. [PMID: 28594540 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.7b00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Central norepinephrine (NE) and dopamine (DA) are involved in a variety of physiological functions and behaviors. Accumulating evidence suggests that NE neurons originating from the locus coeruleus (LC) innervate DA neurons of the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and influence VTA-DA neural activity. However, the underlying mechanisms of how LC-NE regulates DA transmission via VTA-DA neurons remain largely unexplored. Herein, we investigated how electrical stimulation of the LC modulates VTA-DA neurotransmission in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). For this study, catecholamine release in the NAc and VTA evoked by electrical stimulation of the LC in urethane-anesthetized rats was simultaneously monitored with carbon-fiber microelectrodes using in vivo multichannel fast-scan cyclic voltammetry for comparison of its extracellular regulation. Pharmacological, anatomical, and electrochemical evidence suggest that electrical stimulation of the LC evokes NE release in the VTA and activates VTA-DA neurons, resulting in DA release in the NAc. The electrically evoked DA in the NAc was regulated by D2 receptors and DA transporters (DAT) as well as α1-adrenergic receptors in the VTA, whereas NE release in the VTA was regulated by α2-adrenergic receptors and NE transporters (NET) not by D2 receptors or DAT. These results suggest that electrical stimulation of LC modulates VTA-DA neurons and DA transmission in the NAc via NE receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin W. Park
- Department
of Biotechnical and Clinical Laboratory Sciences and ‡Neuroscience
Program, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14214-3005, United States
| | - Rohan V. Bhimani
- Department
of Biotechnical and Clinical Laboratory Sciences and ‡Neuroscience
Program, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14214-3005, United States
| | - Jinwoo Park
- Department
of Biotechnical and Clinical Laboratory Sciences and ‡Neuroscience
Program, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14214-3005, United States
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44
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Verkhratsky A, Zorec R, Parpura V. Stratification of astrocytes in healthy and diseased brain. Brain Pathol 2017; 27:629-644. [PMID: 28805002 PMCID: PMC5599174 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 06/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes, a subtype of glial cells, come in variety of forms and functions. However, overarching role of these cell is in the homeostasis of the brain, be that regulation of ions, neurotransmitters, metabolism or neuronal synaptic networks. Loss of homeostasis represents the underlying cause of all brain disorders. Thus, astrocytes are likely involved in most if not all of the brain pathologies. We tabulate astroglial homeostatic functions along with pathological condition that arise from dysfunction of these glial cells. Classification of astrocytes is presented with the emphasis on evolutionary trails, morphological appearance and numerical preponderance. We note that, even though astrocytes from a variety of mammalian species share some common features, human astrocytes appear to be the largest and most complex of all astrocytes studied thus far. It is then an imperative to develop humanized models to study the role of astrocytes in brain pathologies, which is perhaps most abundantly clear in the case of glioblastoma multiforme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexei Verkhratsky
- Division of Neuroscience & Experimental PsychologyThe University of ManchesterManchesterUnited Kingdom
- Achúcarro Basque Center for NeuroscienceIKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science48011 BilbaoSpain
- Department of NeuroscienceUniversity of the Basque Country UPV/EHU and CIBERNED48940 LeioaSpain
| | - Robert Zorec
- Laboratory of Cell EngineeringCelica BIOMEDICAL, Tehnološki park 24, Ljubljana 1000SloveniaEurope
- Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology‐Molecular Cell PhysiologyInstitute of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška 4, Ljubljana 1000SloveniaEurope
| | - Vladimir Parpura
- Department of Neurobiology, Civitan International Research Center and Center for Glial Biology in Medicine, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, Atomic Force Microscopy & Nanotechnology Laboratories, 1719 6th Avenue South, CIRC 429University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAL 35294‐0021
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45
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DePaul MA, Lin CY, Silver J, Lee YS. Combinatory repair strategy to promote axon regeneration and functional recovery after chronic spinal cord injury. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9018. [PMID: 28827771 PMCID: PMC5567101 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09432-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Eight weeks post contusive spinal cord injury, we built a peripheral nerve graft bridge (PNG) through the cystic cavity and treated the graft/host interface with acidic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF) and chondroitinase ABC (ChABC). This combinatorial strategy remarkably enhanced integration between host astrocytes and graft Schwann cells, allowing for robust growth, especially of catecholaminergic axons, through the graft and back into the distal spinal cord. In the absence of aFGF+ChABC fewer catecholaminergic axons entered the graft, no axons exited, and Schwann cells and astrocytes failed to integrate. In sharp contrast with the acutely bridge-repaired cord, in the chronically repaired cord only low levels of serotonergic axons regenerated into the graft, with no evidence of re-entry back into the spinal cord. The failure of axons to regenerate was strongly correlated with a dramatic increase of SOCS3 expression. While regeneration was more limited overall than at acute stages, our combinatorial strategy in the chronically injured animals prevented a decline in locomotor behavior and bladder physiology outcomes associated with an invasive repair strategy. These results indicate that PNG+aFGF+ChABC treatment of the chronically contused spinal cord can provide a permissive substrate for the regeneration of certain neuronal populations that retain a growth potential over time, and lead to functional improvements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc A DePaul
- Case Western Reserve Univ., Dept. of Neurosciences, 10900 Euclid Ave., SOM E654, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Ching-Yi Lin
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, 44195, USA
| | - Jerry Silver
- Case Western Reserve Univ., Dept. of Neurosciences, 10900 Euclid Ave., SOM E654, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Yu-Shang Lee
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, 44195, USA.
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Zhang J, Bai W, Wang W, Jiang H, Jin B, Liu Y, Liu S, Wang K, Jia J, Qin L. Mechanisms underlying alterations in norepinephrine levels in the locus coeruleus of ovariectomized rats: Modulation by estradiol valerate and black cohosh. Neuroscience 2017; 354:110-121. [PMID: 28457819 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 04/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Hot flushes are common in menopause. Norepinephrine (NE), primarily synthesized in the locus coeruleus (LC), plays a major role in central thermoregulation. Furthermore, we previously observed decreased dopamine beta hydroxylase (DβH), a key enzyme in NE synthesis, in LC neurons following ovariectomy. In this study, we explore the mechanisms underlying decreased NE levels in the LC (LC-NE) in ovariectomized (OVX) rats, and the modulating effects of estradiol valerate (E2) and black cohosh (ICR). We used high-performance liquid chromatography to detect LC-NE in SHAM, OVX, OVX-E2, and OVX-ICR groups. Western blotting and immunohistochemistry were performed to investigate the expression of NE metabolic enzymes, the NE reuptake transporter (NET), and estrogen receptors (ERs) in the LC. We observed significant LC-NE decreases in the OVX group. E2 and ICR enhanced LC-NE but did not restore them to SHAM levels. Ovariectomy affected NE synthesis, degradation, and reuptake. Levels of NE catabolic enzymes monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) and catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) decreased, while NET expression increased. E2 restored MAOA and COMT to SHAM levels but had no effect on NET. ICR restored COMT and NET to SHAM levels but had no effect on MAOA. Moreover, the OVX group also exhibited decreased expression of ERα and ERβ. E2 enhanced the expression of ERα and ERβ, while ICR only enhanced ERβexpression. Taken together, reduced NE in OVX rats resulted from reduced synthesis and increased degradation and reuptake. E2 and ICR may regulate these processes in different ways through various ERs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Anatomy and Embryology Department, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wenpei Bai
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Wenjuan Wang
- Anatomy and Embryology Department, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Hai Jiang
- Anatomy and Embryology Department, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Biao Jin
- Anatomy and Embryology Department, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yao Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Shuya Liu
- Department of Stomatology, General Hospital of Armed Police, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Anatomy and Embryology Department, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jing Jia
- Department of Stomatology, General Hospital of Armed Police, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Lihua Qin
- Anatomy and Embryology Department, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.
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Florczak-Wyspianska J, Rozycka A, Wolny L, Lianeri M, Kozubski W, Dorszewska J. Polymorphisms of COMT (c.649G>A), MAO-A (c.1460C>T), NET (c.1287G>A) Genes and the Level of Catecholamines, Serotonin in Patients with Parkinson's Disease. DNA Cell Biol 2017; 36:501-512. [PMID: 28418735 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2016.3569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the concentration of plasma norepinephrine (NE), epinephrine (E), and serotonin (5-HT) in two collections, after a 30-min supine (I) and 5-min upright position (II), and polymorphisms of genes, COMT (c.649G>A), MAO-A (c.1460C>T), and NET (c.1287G>A), in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and other degenerative parkinsonism and controls. The study was performed in 49 PD patients, 19 parkinsonism patients, and 48 controls. The level of NE, E, and 5-HT was determined by HPLC/EC. PCR-RFLP was conducted to analyze the COMT, MAO-A, and NET polymorphisms. Genotypes of COMT, MAO-A, and NET genes occurred with different frequencies in patients with movement disorders and controls. NET AA occurred 4.8 times more frequently in patients with parkinsonism than in PD (p < 0.05). COMT AA genotype was associated with increased E levels [E (I) p < 0.01, E (II) p < 0.05] in PD compared to controls. Patients with parkinsonism with MAO-A TT genotype have a significantly higher level of 5-HT [5-HT (II), p < 0.05] compared to controls. Moreover, PD patients with NET GA genotype have the lowest level of NE (p < 0.05) compared to controls. It appears that COMT, MAO-A, and NET polymorphisms and levels of NE, E, and 5-HT are involved in pathogenesis of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Agata Rozycka
- 2 Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Division of Perinatology and Women's Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences , Poznan, Poland .,3 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences , Poznan, Poland
| | - Lukasz Wolny
- 4 Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences , Poznan, Poland
| | - Margarita Lianeri
- 4 Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences , Poznan, Poland
| | - Wojciech Kozubski
- 1 Chair and Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences , Poznan, Poland
| | - Jolanta Dorszewska
- 4 Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences , Poznan, Poland
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Mowinckel AM, Alnæs D, Pedersen ML, Ziegler S, Fredriksen M, Kaufmann T, Sonuga-Barke E, Endestad T, Westlye LT, Biele G. Increased default-mode variability is related to reduced task-performance and is evident in adults with ADHD. Neuroimage Clin 2017; 16:369-382. [PMID: 28861338 PMCID: PMC5568884 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Insufficient suppression and connectivity of the default mode network (DMN) is a potential mediator of cognitive dysfunctions across various disorders, including attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, it remains unclear if alterations in sustained DMN suppression, variability and connectivity during prolonged cognitive engagement are implicated in adult ADHD pathophysiology, and to which degree methylphenidate (MPH) remediates any DMN abnormalities. This randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, cross-over clinical trial of MPH (clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01831622) explored large-scale brain network dynamics in 20 adults with ADHD on and off MPH, compared to 27 healthy controls, while performing a reward based decision-making task. DMN task-related activation, variability, and connectivity were estimated and compared between groups and conditions using independent component analysis, dual regression, and Bayesian linear mixed models. The results show that the DMN exhibited more variable activation patterns in unmedicated patients compared to healthy controls. Group differences in functional connectivity both between and within functional networks were evident. Further, functional connectivity between and within attention and DMN networks was sensitive both to task performance and case-control status. MPH altered within-network connectivity of the DMN and visual networks, but not between-network connectivity or temporal variability. This study thus provides novel fMRI evidence of reduced sustained DMN suppression in adults with ADHD during value-based decision-making, a pattern that was not alleviated by MPH. We infer from multiple analytical approaches further support to the default mode interference hypothesis, in that higher DMN activation variability is evident in adult ADHD and associated with lower task performance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dag Alnæs
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Mads L. Pedersen
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, 0373 Oslo, Norway
- Intervention Center, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, 0372 Oslo, Norway
| | - Sigurd Ziegler
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, 0373 Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, P.O. box 1171, Blindern, 0318 Oslo, Norway
| | - Mats Fredriksen
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Vestfold Hospital Trust, 3103 Tønsberg, Norway
| | - Tobias Kaufmann
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Edmund Sonuga-Barke
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience Kings College London, United Kingdom
| | - Tor Endestad
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, 0373 Oslo, Norway
| | - Lars T. Westlye
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, 0373 Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway
| | - Guido Biele
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, 0373 Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Division of Mental Health, 0403 Oslo, Norway
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Sung U, Binda F, Savchenko V, Owens WA, Daws LC. Ca 2+ dependent surface trafficking of norepinephrine transporters depends on threonine 30 and Ca 2+ calmodulin kinases. J Chem Neuroanat 2016; 83-84:19-35. [PMID: 28017803 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The antidepressant-sensitive norepinephrine (NE) transporter (NET) inactivates NE released during central and peripheral neuronal activity by transport into presynaptic cells. Altered NE clearance due to dysfunction of NET has been associated with the development of mental illness and cardiovascular diseases. NET activity in vivo is influenced by stress, neuronal activity, hormones and drugs. We investigated the mechanisms of Ca2+ regulation of NET and found that Ca2+ influenced both Vmax and Km for NE transport into cortical synaptosomes. Changes in extracellular Ca2+ triggered rapid and bidirectional surface trafficking of NET expressed in cultured cells. Deletion of residues 28-47 in the NET NH2-terminus abolished the Ca2+ effect on surface trafficking. Mutagenesis studies identified Thr30 in this region as the essential residue for both Ca2+- dependent phosphorylation and trafficking of NET. Depolarization of excitable cells increased surface NET in a Thr30 dependent manner. A proteomic analysis, RNA interference, and pharmacological inhibition supported roles of CaMKI and CaMKII in Ca2+-modulated NE transport and NET trafficking. Depolarization of primary noradrenergic neurons in culture with elevated K+ increased NET surface expression in a process that required external Ca2+ and depended on CaMK activity. Hippocampal NE clearance in vivo was also stimulated by depolarization, and inhibitors of CaMK signaling prevented this stimulation. In summary, Ca2+ signaling influenced surface trafficking of NET through a CaMK-dependent mechanism requiring Thr30.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uhna Sung
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-8548, United States.
| | - Francesca Binda
- Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, CNRS, Strasbourg, France
| | - Valentina Savchenko
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-8548, United States
| | - William A Owens
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, United States
| | - Lynette C Daws
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229-3900, United States.
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Hernaus D, Mehta M. Prefrontal cortex dopamine release measured in vivo with positron emission tomography: Implications for the stimulant paradigm. Neuroimage 2016; 142:663-667. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.06.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
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