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van der Mijle AE, Woestenberg PJ, Kosse LJ, van Puijenbroek EP. The Dutch Pregnancy Drug Register: Suitable to Study Paternal Drug Exposures? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:7107. [PMID: 38063537 PMCID: PMC10706075 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20237107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Paternal medication use around the time of conception is common, but information about its effects on pregnancy outcome and the health of the child is generally limited. The aim of this study is to examine the feasibility of studying paternal exposure in the Dutch Pregnancy Drug Register by using immunosuppressants as a proof of concept. In 113 of 15,959 pregnancies, long-term paternal immunosuppressant use was reported 3 months before conception. In total, 134 immunosuppressants were used. Pregnancy outcome was known for 54 cases and was in accordance with previous findings. Two spontaneous abortions, two premature births, six small for gestational age babies, and two major congenital malformations were reported. Time to pregnancy (TTP) was known for 9548 pregnancies, including 89 with paternal immunosuppressant use. TTP analysis did not show a difference in pregnancies with paternal immunosuppressant use compared to the control group. Moreover, the number of fertility treatments in the paternal immunosuppressant group was similar to the control group. In our opinion, it is feasible to use the Dutch Pregnancy Drug Register to study the effects of paternal exposure on pregnancy outcome. However, to study the potential effects on fertility, more information is needed, particularly since the beginning of pregnancy attempts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annerose E. van der Mijle
- Netherlands Pharmacovigilance Centre Lareb, 5237 MH Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands; (P.J.W.); (L.J.K.); (E.P.v.P.)
| | - Petra J. Woestenberg
- Netherlands Pharmacovigilance Centre Lareb, 5237 MH Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands; (P.J.W.); (L.J.K.); (E.P.v.P.)
| | - Leanne J. Kosse
- Netherlands Pharmacovigilance Centre Lareb, 5237 MH Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands; (P.J.W.); (L.J.K.); (E.P.v.P.)
| | - Eugène P. van Puijenbroek
- Netherlands Pharmacovigilance Centre Lareb, 5237 MH Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands; (P.J.W.); (L.J.K.); (E.P.v.P.)
- Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, PharmacoTherapy—Epidemiology & Economics, University of Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
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2
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Ghidei L, Sullivan J, Valero Carrion RJ, Schammel J, Lipshultz L, McKenzie LJ. Current Gaps in Fertility Preservation for Men: How Can We do Better? J Clin Oncol 2022; 40:2524-2529. [PMID: 35724344 DOI: 10.1200/jco.21.02714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Luwam Ghidei
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX
| | - John Sullivan
- Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX
| | | | - Joshua Schammel
- Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX
| | - Larry Lipshultz
- Department of Urology, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX
| | - Laurie J McKenzie
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Baylor College of Medicine, One Baylor Plaza, Houston, TX.,Department of Gynecology Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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3
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Veras M, Waked D, Saldiva P. Safe in the womb? Effects of air pollution to the unborn child and neonates. J Pediatr (Rio J) 2022; 98 Suppl 1:S27-S31. [PMID: 34740534 PMCID: PMC9510928 DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2021.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this brief review, the authors focus on the effects of gestational exposures to urban air pollution on fetal development and neonatal outcomes. SOURCE OF DATA In this review the authors used PubMed, Web of Science and SciELO research platforms, analyzing papers from the last 30 years. SUMMARY OF THE FINDINGS Epidemiological and experimental evidence agree that gestational exposure to air pollution in urban increases the risks for low birth weight, preterm birth, congenital malformation, intrauterine growth restriction, and neonatal mortality. Furthermore, exposures are associated with increased risks for preeclampsia, hypertension, gestational diabetes. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, it is time for greater involvement and engagement of the health sector in the discussion of public policies that may affect the quality of the environment, and that directly or indirectly impact the health of those who were not yet born.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Veras
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas, Laboratório de Patologia Ambiental e Experimental (LIM05), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Dunia Waked
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas, Laboratório de Patologia Ambiental e Experimental (LIM05), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo Saldiva
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das Clínicas, Laboratório de Patologia Ambiental e Experimental (LIM05), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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4
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Choudhuri S, Kaur T, Jain S, Sharma C, Asthana S. A review on genotoxicity in connection to infertility and cancer. Chem Biol Interact 2021; 345:109531. [PMID: 34058178 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Genotoxicity has been identified as the main cause of infertility and a variety of cancers. The mechanisms affect the structure, quality of the information or the segregation of DNA and are not inherently correlated with mutagenicity. The concept of genotoxicity, the chemical classes that cause genetic damage and the associated mechanisms of action are discussed here. Hazardous effects of pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, agrochemicals, industrial compounds, food additives, natural toxins and nanomaterials are, in large part, identified by genotoxicity and mutagenicity tests. These are critical and early steps in industrial and regulatory health assessment. Though several in vitro experiments are commonly used and approval by regulatory agencies for commercial licensing of drugs, their accuracy in human predictions for genotoxic and mutagenic effects is frequently questioned. Treatment of real and functional genetic toxicity problems depends in detail on the knowledge of mechanisms of DNA damage in the molecular, subcellular, cellular and tissue or organ system levels. Current strategies for risk assessment of human health need revisions to achieve robust and reliable results for optimizing their effectiveness. Additionally, computerized methods, neo-biomarkers leveraging '-omics' approaches, all of which can provide a convincing genotoxicity evaluation to reduce infertility and cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharmistha Choudhuri
- Department of Biochemistry, R. G. Kar Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Taruneet Kaur
- Animal Biochemistry Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, India
| | - Sapna Jain
- Multidisciplinary Clinical Translational Research, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Chandresh Sharma
- Multidisciplinary Clinical Translational Research, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India.
| | - Shailendra Asthana
- Non-Communicable Disease, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad, Haryana, India.
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5
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Brannigan RE, Fantus RJ, Halpern JA. Fertility preservation in men: a contemporary overview and a look toward emerging technologies. Fertil Steril 2021; 115:1126-1139. [PMID: 33933174 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2021.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cancer and oncologic therapies can have significant adverse effects on male reproductive potential, leaving many men permanently infertile. Fertility preservation has emerged as a key survivorship issue over the past 20 years, and numerous professional societies have published guidelines calling for fertility preservation to become a routine component of oncologic care. Most males with cancer are able to produce a semen specimen for fertility preservation, but numerous other methods of sperm procurement are available for patients who cannot provide a sufficient sample. Despite these options, fertility preservation will remain a challenge for prepubertal boys and men without sperm production. For these patients, experimental and investigational approaches offer the hope that one day they will translate to the clinical arena, offering additional pathways for successful fertility preservation care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert E Brannigan
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.
| | - Richard J Fantus
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Joshua A Halpern
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
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6
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Jensen NB, Justesen SD, Larsen A, Ernst E, Pedersen LH. A systematic overview of the spermatotoxic and genotoxic effects of methotrexate, ganciclovir and mycophenolate mofetil. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2021; 100:1557-1580. [PMID: 33755191 DOI: 10.1111/aogs.14151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Immunosuppressant drugs are increasingly being used in the reproductive years. Theoretically, such medications could affect fetal health either through changes in the sperm DNA or through fetal exposure caused by a presence in the seminal fluid. This systematic overview summarizes existing literature on the spermatotoxic and genotoxic potentials of methotrexate (MTX), a drug widely used to treat rheumatic and dermatologic diseases, and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), which alone or supplemented with ganciclovir (GCV) may be crucial for the survival of organ transplants. MATERIAL AND METHODS The systematic overview was performed in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines: A systematic literature search of the MEDLINE and Embase databases was done using a combination of relevant terms to search for studies on spermatotoxic or genotoxic changes related to treatment with MTX, GCV or MMF. The search was restricted to English language literature, and to in vivo animal studies (mammalian species) and clinical human studies. RESULTS A total of 102 studies were identified, hereof 25 human and 77 animal studies. For MTX, human studies of immunosuppressive dosages show transient effect on sperm quality parameters, which return to reference values within 3 months. No human studies have investigated the sperm DNA damaging effect of MTX, but in other organs the genotoxic effects of immunosuppressive doses of MTX are fluctuating. In animals, immunosuppressive and cytotoxic doses of MTX adversely affect sperm quality parameters and show widespread genotoxic damages in various organs. Cytotoxic doses transiently change the DNA material in all cell stages of spermatogenesis in rodents. For GCV and MMF, data are limited and the results are indeterminate, for which reason spermatotoxic and genotoxic potentials cannot be excluded. CONCLUSIONS Data from human and animal studies indicate transient spermatotoxic and genotoxic potentials of immunosuppressive and cytotoxic doses of MTX. There are a limited number of studies investigating GCV and MMF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Agnete Larsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Erik Ernst
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Laboratory for Reproduction, Institute of Anatomy, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lars H Pedersen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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7
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The effects of sacubitril/valsartan and ramipril on the male fertility in hypertensive rats. North Clin Istanb 2020; 7:425-432. [PMID: 33163876 PMCID: PMC7603857 DOI: 10.14744/nci.2020.30906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Renin angiotensinogen system (RAS) inhibitors, ramipril and sacubitril/valsartan are frequently used in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Although they are known as contraindicated during pregnancy in hypertensive women, there is not any outcome of their safety in male fertility after exposure to ramipril or sacubitril/valsartan. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of ramipril and sacubitril/valsartan to highlight their safety in the male fertility in normotensive and hypertensive rats. METHODS: Adult male normotensive and dexamethasone-induced hypertensive rats were treated with sacubitril/valsartan, ramipril and saline for 18 days. Arterial blood pressures were verified using carotid artery cannulation. Male fertility parameters, including the testis weights, histopathologic scoring of the testis, sperm count, sperm motility, morphology, and serum testosterone levels, were analyzed in treated and nontreated normotensive/hypertensive rats. RESULTS: Sacubitril/valsartan or ramipril treatments did not reveal a significant difference in sperm production, testicular morphology, and radioimmunoassay of serum testosterone levels compared to the control group. However, sperm motility was significantly reduced in rats under RAS inhibition. CONCLUSION: This finding was likely mediated by the identification of Ang receptors in the tails of rat sperm given that Ang receptors may play a role in the modulation of sperm motility. Identification of RAS-related proteins involved in sperm motility may help to explain their roles in motility. Our data provide general safety evidence for the male fertilization ability after paternal sacubitril/valsartan and ramipril exposure.
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8
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Tomson T, Muraca G, Razaz N. Paternal exposure to antiepileptic drugs and offspring outcomes: a nationwide population-based cohort study in Sweden. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2020; 91:907-913. [PMID: 32651245 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2020-323028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the association between paternal use of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) and adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes and major congenital malformations (MCM) in the offspring. METHODS Using nationwide Swedish registries, we included 1 144 795 births to 741 726 fathers without epilepsy and 4544 births to 2955 fathers with epilepsy. Of these, 2087 (45.9%) were born to fathers with epilepsy who had dispensed an AED during the conception period. Children who had both parents with epilepsy were excluded. The incidence rate of MCM, autism spectrum disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and intellectual disability in offspring was analysed. RESULTS Offspring of fathers exposed to AEDs did not show an increased risk of MCM (adjusted OR 0.9, 95% CI 0.7 to 1.2), autism (adjusted HR (aHR) 0.9, 95% CI 0.5 to 1.7), ADHD (aHR 1.1, 95% CI 0.7 to 1.9) or intellectual disability (aHR 1.3, 95% CI 0.6 to 2.8) compared with offspring of fathers with epilepsy not exposed to AEDs. Among offspring of fathers with epilepsy who used valproate in monotherapy during conception, rates of autism (2.9/1000 child-years) and intellectual disability (1.4/1000 child-years) were slightly higher compared with the offspring of fathers with epilepsy who did not use AEDs during conception (2.1/1000 child-years autism, 0.9/1000 child-years intellectual disability), but in the propensity-score adjusted analyses, no statistically significant increased risk of adverse outcomes was found. CONCLUSIONS Paternal AED use during conception is not associated with adverse outcomes in the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torbjörn Tomson
- Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Giulia Muraca
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Neda Razaz
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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9
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Bermas BL. Paternal safety of anti-rheumatic medications. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2020; 64:77-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2019.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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10
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Nørgård BM, Jølving LR, Larsen MD, Friedman S. Parental IBD and Long-term Health Outcomes in the Offspring. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2019; 25:1339-1348. [PMID: 30624631 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izy396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
For decades, the research on reproductive consequences in women with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has focused on short-term outcomes, including adverse pregnancy outcomes (eg, abruptio placenta, placenta previa, preeclampsia/eclampsia) and adverse birth outcomes (eg, small for gestational age, preterm birth, and congenital malformations). The long-term health outcomes of the children of parents with IBD have been studied to a much lesser extent, and there is a critical research gap in understanding the influence of parental IBD on long-term outcomes. In this review, we propose the reasons for this lack of evidence and highlight the weakest areas of the research on the impact of parental IBD on offspring health. We will focus on health outcomes in children of parents with IBD from an age of 1 year through childhood, adolescence, and adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bente Mertz Nørgård
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology, Odense University Hospital and Research Unit of Clinical Epidemiology, Odense Denmark.,Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense Denmark.,Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Line Riis Jølving
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology, Odense University Hospital and Research Unit of Clinical Epidemiology, Odense Denmark
| | - Michael Due Larsen
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology, Odense University Hospital and Research Unit of Clinical Epidemiology, Odense Denmark
| | - Sonia Friedman
- Center for Clinical Epidemiology, Odense University Hospital and Research Unit of Clinical Epidemiology, Odense Denmark.,Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense Denmark.,Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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11
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Mian HR, Hu G, Hewage K, Rodriguez MJ, Sadiq R. Prioritization of unregulated disinfection by-products in drinking water distribution systems for human health risk mitigation: A critical review. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 147:112-131. [PMID: 30308371 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.09.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Water disinfection involves the use of different types of disinfectants, which are oxidizing agents that react with natural organic matter (NOM) to form disinfection by-products (DBPs). The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) has established threshold limits on some DBPs, which are known as regulated DBPs (R-DBPs). The human health risks associated with R-DBPs in drinking water distribution systems (DWDSs) and application of stricter regulations have led water utilities to switch from conventional disinfectant (i.e., chlorination) to alternative disinfectants. However, the use of alternative disinfectants causes formation of a new suit of DBPs known as unregulated DBPs (UR-DBPs), which in many cases can be more toxic. There is a growing concern of UR-DBPs formation in drinking water. This review prioritizes some commonly occurring UR-DBP groups and species in DWDSs based on their concentration level, reported frequency, and toxicity using an indexing method. There are nine UR-DBPs group and 36 species that have been identified based on recent published peer-reviewed articles. Haloacetonitriles (HANs) and haloacetaldehydes (HALs) are identified as important UR-DBP groups. Dichloroacetonitrile (DCAN) and trichloroacetaldehye (TCAL) are identified as critical UR-DBPs species. The outcomes of this review can help water regulators to identify the most critical UR-DBPs species in the context of drinking water safety and provide them with useful information to develop guidelines or threshold limits for UR-DBPs. The outcomes can also help water utilities in selecting water treatment processes for the mitigation of human health risk posed by UR-DBPs through drinking water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haroon R Mian
- School of Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Okanagan 3333 University Way, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Guangji Hu
- School of Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Okanagan 3333 University Way, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Kasun Hewage
- School of Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Okanagan 3333 University Way, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Manuel J Rodriguez
- École Supérieure D'aménagement du Territoire et Développement Régional (ESAD), 2325, allée des Bibliothèque Université Laval, Québec City, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Rehan Sadiq
- School of Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Okanagan 3333 University Way, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada.
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12
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Paternal exposure to antirheumatic drugs—What physicians should know: Review of the literature. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2018; 48:343-355. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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13
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Agarwal A, Cho CL, Esteves SC, Majzoub A. Current limitation and future perspective of sperm DNA fragmentation tests. Transl Androl Urol 2017; 6:S549-S552. [PMID: 29082971 PMCID: PMC5643678 DOI: 10.21037/tau.2017.05.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Agarwal
- American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Chak-Lam Cho
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Kwong Wah Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sandro C Esteves
- ANDROFERT, Andrology and Human Reproduction Clinic, Referral Center for Male Reproduction, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Ahmad Majzoub
- Department of Urology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
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14
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Agarwal A, Cho CL, Majzoub A, Esteves SC. Sperm DNA fragmentation testing is the safe and economical way to go. Transl Androl Urol 2017; 6:S446-S447. [PMID: 29082936 PMCID: PMC5643623 DOI: 10.21037/tau.2017.03.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Agarwal
- American Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Chak-Lam Cho
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Kwong Wah Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Ahmad Majzoub
- Department of Urology, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sandro C Esteves
- ANDROFERT, Andrology and Human Reproduction Clinic, Referral Center for Male Reproduction, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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15
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Pooriamehr A, Sabahi P, Miladi-Gorji H. Effects of environmental enrichment during abstinence in morphine dependent parents on anxiety, depressive-like behaviors and voluntary morphine consumption in rat offspring. Neurosci Lett 2017; 656:37-42. [PMID: 28729075 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2017.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Chronic morphine exposure during puberty increased morphine-induced rewarding effects and sensitization in the next generation. Given the well-known beneficial effects of environmental enrichment on the severity of physical and psychological dependence on morphine, we examined effects of enriched environment during morphine abstinence in morphine dependent parental rats before mating on the anxiety and depressive-like behaviors, and voluntary morphine consumption in their offspring. Paternal and/or maternal rats were injected with bi-daily doses (10mg/kg, 12h intervals) of morphine for 14days followed by rearing in a standard environment (SE) or enriched environment (EE) during 30days of morphine abstinence before mating. The pubertal male and female rat offspring were tested for anxiety (the elevated plus maze- EPM) and depression (sucrose preference test-SPT), and voluntary morphine consumption using a two-bottle choice (TBC) paradigm. The results showed that EE experience in morphine-dependent both parents result in an increase in the percentage of time spent into open arms/time spent on both arms using EPM in male offspring, higher levels of sucrose preference in female offspring and lower levels of voluntary morphine consumption in male and female offspring. Thus, EE experience in morphine-dependent both parents reduced anxiety, depressive-like behavior and also the voluntary morphine consumption in their offspring during puberty which may prevent the vulnerability of the next generation to drug abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Pooriamehr
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Semnan, Semnan, Iran
| | - Parviz Sabahi
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Semnan, Semnan, Iran
| | - Hossein Miladi-Gorji
- Laboratory of Animal Addiction Models, Research Center and Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
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16
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Hrubec TC, Melin VE, Shea CS, Ferguson EE, Garofola C, Repine CM, Chapman TW, Patel HR, Razvi RM, Sugrue JE, Potineni H, Magnin-Bissel G, Hunt PA. Ambient and Dosed Exposure to Quaternary Ammonium Disinfectants Causes Neural Tube Defects in Rodents. Birth Defects Res 2017; 109:1166-1178. [PMID: 28618200 PMCID: PMC5905424 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Quaternary ammonium compounds are a large class of chemicals used for their antimicrobial and antistatic properties. Two common quaternary ammonium compounds, alkyldimethylbenzyl ammonium chloride (ADBAC) and didecyldimethyl ammonium chloride (DDAC), are combined in common cleaners and disinfectants. Introduction of a cleaner containing ADBAC+DDAC in the vivarium caused neural tube defects (NTDs) in mice and rats. Methods To further evaluate this finding, male and female mice were dosed in the feed at 60 or 120 mg/kg/day, or by oral gavage at 7.5, 15, or 30 mg/kg ADBAC+DDAC. Mice also received ambient exposure to ADBAC+DDAC from the disinfectant used in the mouse room. Embryos were evaluated on gestational day 10 for NTDs, and fetuses were evaluated on gestational day 18 for gross and skeletal malformations. Results We found increased NTDs with exposure to ADBAC+DDAC in both rats and mice. The NTDs persisted for two generations after cessation of exposure. Notably, male exposure alone was sufficient to cause NTDs. Equally significant, ambient exposure from disinfectant use in the vivarium, influenced the levels of NTDs to a greater extent than oral dosing. No gross or significant axial skeletal malformations were observed in late gestation fetuses. Placental abnormalities and late gestation fetal deaths were increased at 120 mg/kg/day, which might explain the lack of malformations observed in late gestation fetuses. Conclusion These results demonstrate that ADBAC+DDAC in combination are teratogenic to rodents. Given the increased use of these disinfectants, further evaluation of their safety in humans and their contribution to health and disease is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry C Hrubec
- E. Via College of Osteopathic Medicine - Virginia Campus, Blacksburg, Virginia.,Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, VA-MD College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Vanessa E Melin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, VA-MD College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Caroline S Shea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, VA-MD College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Elizabeth E Ferguson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, VA-MD College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Craig Garofola
- E. Via College of Osteopathic Medicine - Virginia Campus, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Claire M Repine
- E. Via College of Osteopathic Medicine - Virginia Campus, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Tyler W Chapman
- E. Via College of Osteopathic Medicine - Virginia Campus, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Hiral R Patel
- E. Via College of Osteopathic Medicine - Virginia Campus, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Reza M Razvi
- E. Via College of Osteopathic Medicine - Virginia Campus, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Jesse E Sugrue
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, VA-MD College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Haritha Potineni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, VA-MD College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Geraldine Magnin-Bissel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, VA-MD College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Patricia A Hunt
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
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Garritsen F, van den Broek M, van Zuilen A, Fidder H, de Bruin-Weller M, Spuls P. Pregnancy and fetal outcomes after paternal exposure to azathioprine, methotrexate or mycophenolic acid: a critically appraised topic. Br J Dermatol 2017; 176:866-877. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.15320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F.M. Garritsen
- Department of Dermatology; University Medical Center Utrecht; the Netherlands
| | - M.P.H. van den Broek
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy; University Medical Center Utrecht; the Netherlands
| | - A.D. van Zuilen
- Department of Nephrology; University Medical Center Utrecht; the Netherlands
| | - H.H. Fidder
- Department of Gastroenterology; University Medical Center Utrecht; the Netherlands
| | | | - P.I. Spuls
- Department of Dermatology; Academic Medical Center; University of Amsterdam; the Netherlands
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The Influence of Methotrexate Treatment on Male Fertility and Pregnancy Outcome After Paternal Exposure. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2017; 23:561-569. [PMID: 28267049 DOI: 10.1097/mib.0000000000001064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease incidence peaks during the reproductive years. Methotrexate (MTX) is frequently used for inflammatory bowel disease, but its use during pregnancy is contraindicated in women because of teratogenic effects. The aim of this review is to investigate the influence of MTX on male fertility and pregnancy outcomes after paternal MTX exposure. METHODS A systematic literature search was performed by applying 2 focus areas, "methotrexate" and "male fertility or pregnancy outcome." Terms and keywords were used both as MeSH terms and free-text searches. Pertinent articles were searched for additional relevant references. RESULTS In animal studies, MTX induces aberrations in sperm DNA that have not been identified in humans. The effects of MTX on human sperm quality have only been described in case reports. A transient adverse effect on sperm quality with low-dose MTX has been reported, but several other cases have not found harmful effects of MTX. MTX has not been measured in human sperm ejaculates; yet, the risk of a direct toxic effect on the fetus through MTX-contaminated seminal plasma seems negligible. Until now, 284 pregnancies with paternal MTX exposure have been reported. The outcomes were 248 live births and a total of 13 malformations, with no overt indication of MTX embryopathy. CONCLUSIONS This review reveals the lack of studies on the safety of MTX with regard to male reproduction. It is not clear whether MTX transiently influences male fertility and sperm DNA integrity, and more studies are needed. Comparative cohort studies found no increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes.
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Albrecht J, Nast A. Paternal drug exposure: plenty of confounders, few conclusions. Br J Dermatol 2017; 176:847-848. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.15213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Albrecht
- Division of Dermatology; Department of Medicine; J.H. Stroger Hospital of Cook County; Chicago IL U.S.A
- Department of Dermatology; Rush Medical College; Chicago IL U.S.A
| | - A. Nast
- Division of Evidence-Based Medicine (dEBM); Department of Dermatology; Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Berlin Germany
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Heinrich P, Petschick LL, Northcott GL, Tremblay LA, Ataria JM, Braunbeck T. Assessment of cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) induction in sediment extracts from New Zealand urban estuaries. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2017; 26:211-226. [PMID: 28083773 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-016-1756-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Sediments represent a major sink for contaminants resulting from industrial and agricultural activities - especially lipophilic substances. This study exclusively used in vitro methodologies to characterize specific toxicity effects of contaminants in sediment extracts from two urban New Zealand estuaries. Sediment extracts were prepared and tested for a range of biological endpoints. The micronucleus and comet assays in V79 cells were used to assess genotoxicity. Induction of 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase in piscine RTL-W1 cells was determined to estimate dioxin-like toxicity. Cytotoxic potentials were analyzed by neutral red uptake and MTT reduction. There was evidence of strong dioxin-like toxicity and moderate cytotoxicity. Genotoxicity was distinct in the micronucleus assay, but low in the comet assay. The results indicate the presence of chemicals in the sediments with the potential to pose a risk through multiple mechanisms of toxicity, the identities and amounts of which will be disclosed in a parallel study alongside with in vivo toxicity data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Heinrich
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Section, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 504, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Lara L Petschick
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Section, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 504, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Grant L Northcott
- Northcott Research Consultants Ltd, 20 River Oaks Place, Hamilton, 3200, New Zealand
| | - Louis A Tremblay
- Cawthron Institute, 98 Halifax St E, The Wood, Nelson, 7010, New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - James M Ataria
- Cawthron Institute, 98 Halifax St E, The Wood, Nelson, 7010, New Zealand
| | - Thomas Braunbeck
- Aquatic Ecology and Toxicology Section, Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 504, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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Irgens Å, Grønning M, Irgens LM. Pregnancy outcome in partners of male professional divers in Norway. Occup Med (Lond) 2016; 66:600-606. [PMID: 27412429 DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqw087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diving is associated with both acute and long-term effects in several organ systems. Reduced semen quality after extreme diving and a reduced proportion of males in the offspring of divers have previously been reported. AIMS To study pregnancy outcomes in partners of professional male divers. METHODS The cohort of divers registered with the Norwegian Inshore Diving Registry was linked to the Medical Birth Registry of Norway (MBRN). RESULTS In total, 6186 male divers had 10395 children registered in the MBRN during the study period. Of these, 52% were boys, compared to 51% in the general population. The partners of a subgroup of divers who were most likely to be occupationally exposed at the time of conception reported that early miscarriage was more frequent (27%) than in the general population (21%; relative risk 1.21, 95% confidence interval 1.05-1.39). Otherwise, there was a lower risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes such as preterm birth, stillbirth, low birthweight, small for gestational age and low Apgar score compared to the general population. Birthweight above 4000g was more frequent. CONCLUSIONS We observed no reduced sex ratio in the offspring of occupational divers. Except for an increase in self-reported early miscarriage in the partners of exposed divers, we observed no excess risk of any of the adverse perinatal pregnancy outcomes studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Å Irgens
- Occupational Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - M Grønning
- Clinical Medicine (K1), University of Bergen, N-5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - L M Irgens
- Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, N-5018 Bergen, Norway
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Preconception Care: A New Standard of Care within Maternal Health Services. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:6150976. [PMID: 27314031 PMCID: PMC4903143 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6150976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Emerging research suggests that much pediatric affliction has origins in the vulnerable phase of fetal development. Prenatal factors including deficiency of various nutrients and exposure to assorted toxicants are major etiological determinants of myriad obstetrical complications, pediatric chronic diseases, and perhaps some genetic mutations. With recent recognition that modifiable environmental determinants, rather than genetic predestination, are the etiological source of most chronic illness, modification of environmental factors prior to conception offers the possibility of precluding various mental and physical health conditions. Environmental and lifestyle modification through informed patient choice is possible but evidence confirms that, with little to no training in clinical nutrition, toxicology, or environmental exposures, most clinicians are ill-equipped to counsel patients about this important area. With the totality of available scientific evidence that now exists on the potential to modify disease-causing gestational determinants, failure to take necessary precautionary action may render members of the medical community collectively and individually culpable for preventable illness in children. We advocate for environmental health education of maternity health professionals and the widespread adoption and implementation of preconception care. This will necessitate the translation of emerging knowledge from recent research literature, to health professionals, to reproductive-aged women, and to society at large.
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Silver SR, Pinkerton LE, Rocheleau CM, Deddens JA, Michalski AM, Van Zutphen AR. Birth defects in infants born to employees of a microelectronics and business machine manufacturing facility. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 106:696-707. [PMID: 27224896 DOI: 10.1002/bdra.23520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Concerns about solvent releases from a microelectronics/business machine manufacturing facility in upstate New York led to interest in the health of former workers, including this investigation of birth defects in children of male and female employees. METHODS Children born 1983 to 2001 to facility employees were enumerated and matched to New York State's Congenital Malformations Registry. Reported structural birth defects were compared with numbers expected from state rates (excluding New York City), generating standardized prevalence ratios (SPRs). Exposure assessors classified employees as ever/never potentially exposed at the facility to metals, chlorinated hydrocarbons, and other hydrocarbons during windows critical to organogenesis (female workers) or spermatogenesis (male workers). Among workers, adjusted prevalence ratios were generated to evaluate associations between potential exposures and specific birth defects. RESULTS External comparisons for structural defects were at expectation for infants of male workers (SPR = 1.01; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.77-1.29; n = 60) and lower for births to female workers (SPR = 0.84; 95% CI, 0.50-1.33; n = 18). Among full-term infants of male workers, ventricular septal defects (VSDs) were somewhat elevated compared with the general population (SPR = 1.58; 95% CI, 0.99-2.39; n = 22). Within the cohort, potential paternal metal exposure was associated with increased VSD risk (adjusted prevalence ratio = 2.70; 95% CI, = 1.09-6.67; n = 7). CONCLUSION While overall SPRs were near expectation, paternal exposure to metals (primarily lead) appeared to be associated with increased VSD risk in infants. Take-home of occupational exposures, nonoccupational exposures, and chance could not be ruled out as causes. Case numbers for many defects were small, limiting assessment of the role of occupational exposures. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 106:696-707, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon R Silver
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations and Field Studies, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Lynne E Pinkerton
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations and Field Studies, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Carissa M Rocheleau
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations and Field Studies, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - James A Deddens
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Surveillance, Hazard Evaluations and Field Studies, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Adrian M Michalski
- New York State Department of Health, Bureau of Environmental and Occupational Epidemiology, Albany, New York
| | - Alissa R Van Zutphen
- New York State Department of Health, Bureau of Environmental and Occupational Epidemiology, Albany, New York
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Gould J, Callis CM, Dolan DG, Stanard B, Weideman PA. Special endpoint and product specific considerations in pharmaceutical acceptable daily exposure derivation. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2016; 79 Suppl 1:S79-93. [PMID: 27233924 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2016.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Recently, a guideline has been published by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) on setting safe limits, permitted daily exposures (PDE) [also called acceptable daily exposures (ADE)], for medicines manufactured in multi-product facilities. The ADE provides a safe exposure limit for inadvertent exposure of a drug due to cross-contamination in manufacturing. The ADE determination encompasses a standard risk assessment, requiring an understanding of the toxicological and pharmacological effects, the mechanism of action, drug compound class, and the dose-response as well as the pharmacokinetic properties of the compound. While the ADE concept has broad application in pharmaceutical safety there are also nuances and specific challenges associated with some toxicological endpoints or drug product categories. In this manuscript we discuss considerations for setting ADEs when the following specific adverse health endpoints may constitute the critical effect: genotoxicity, developmental and reproductive toxicity (DART), and immune system modulation (immunostimulation or immunosuppression), and for specific drug classes, including antibody drug conjugates (ADCs), emerging medicinal therapeutic compounds, and compounds with limited datasets. These are challenging toxicological scenarios that require a careful evaluation of all of the available information in order to establish a health-based safe level.
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Stanard B, Dolan DG, Hanneman W, Legare M, Bercu JP. Threshold of toxicological concern (TTC) for developmental and reproductive toxicity of anticancer compounds. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2015; 72:602-9. [PMID: 26025210 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2015.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Revised: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical companies develop specialized therapies to treat late stage cancer. In order to accelerate life-saving treatments and reduce animal testing, compounds to treat life-threatening malignancies are allowed modified requirements for preclinical toxicology testing. Limited data packages in early drug development can present product quality challenges at multi-product manufacturing facilities. The present analysis established an endpoint-specific threshold of toxicological concern (TTC) for developmental and reproductive toxicity (DART) for anticancer compounds. A comprehensive database was created consisting of over 300 no-observed adverse effect levels (NOAELs) for DART of 108 anticancer compounds. The 5th percentile NOAEL for developmental and reproductive toxicity was 0.005 mg/kg/day (300 μg/day), resulting in a human exposure threshold of 3 μg/day assuming standard uncertainty factors and a 60 kg human bodyweight. The analysis shows this threshold is protective for developmental and reproductive toxicity of highly potent groups of anticancer compounds. There were similar TTC values calculated for direct-acting and indirect-acting anticancer compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brad Stanard
- MedImmune, One MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA; Colorado State University, Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Ft. Collins, CO 80523, USA.
| | - David G Dolan
- Amgen, Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, MS 28-1A, Thousand Oaks, CA 91360, USA
| | - William Hanneman
- Colorado State University, Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Ft. Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Marie Legare
- Colorado State University, Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Ft. Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | - Joel P Bercu
- Amgen, Inc., One Amgen Center Drive, MS 28-1A, Thousand Oaks, CA 91360, USA
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Dursun A, Yurdakok K, Yalcin SS, Tekinalp G, Aykut O, Orhan G, Morgil GK. Maternal risk factors associated with lead, mercury and cadmium levels in umbilical cord blood, breast milk and newborn hair. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2015; 29:954-61. [PMID: 25835381 DOI: 10.3109/14767058.2015.1026255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Lead (Pb), mercury (Hg) and cadmium (Cd) are environmental pollutants that are wide spread throughout the world. The present study aimed to investigate the level of exposure to Pb, Hg and Cd during the prenatal period, and the possible routes of maternal exposure to these toxic heavy metals. PARTICIPANTS The study included 123 mothers and their newborns. Umbilical cord blood samples were collected immediately after delivery, and breast milk and newborn hair samples were collected between postpartum d 3 and 10. RESULTS Among the 121 cord blood samples that were analyzed, Pb was present in 120 (99.2%) and the mean level was 1.66 ± 1.60 µg dL(-1) (range: <detection limit-12.50 µg dL(-1)), whereas Hg was noted in only 2 (1.7%) (15.74 and 33.20 µgL(-1)) and Cd was detected in 24 (19.8%) (range: < detection limit-6.71 µgL(-1)). The level of Pb in cord blood was ≥2 µg dL(-1) in 29% of the samples. Pb, Hg and Cd were detectable in all the newborn hair samples. DISCUSSION Among the 107 breast milk samples analyzed, 89 (83.2%) had a detectable level of Pb and the mean level was 14.56 ± 12.13 µgL(-1). Detection rate of Cd in breast milk was higher in women who resided near to city waste disposal site. Detection rate of Cd in cord blood was significantly higher in the women who consumed ≥2 servings of fish weekly. Maternal exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) resulted in elevated levels of Pb and Cd in newborn hair samples. CONCLUSION Most of the study samples had detectable levels of Pb, Hg and Cd, indicating that there was long-term maternal exposure prior to and during pregnancy, and a considerable number of the cord and breast milk samples had levels that exceeded the present accepted safety level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arzu Dursun
- a Unit of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics , Dr. Sami Ulus Maternity and Children's Health and Diseases Training and Research Hospital , Ankara , Turkey
| | | | | | - Gulsevin Tekinalp
- c Unit of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics , Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine , Ankara , Turkey , and
| | - Osman Aykut
- d Analytic Toxicology Laboratory , Refik Saydam National Public Health Agency , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Gunnur Orhan
- d Analytic Toxicology Laboratory , Refik Saydam National Public Health Agency , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Goksel Koc Morgil
- d Analytic Toxicology Laboratory , Refik Saydam National Public Health Agency , Ankara , Turkey
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Pecori C, Giannini M, Portaccio E, Ghezzi A, Hakiki B, Pastò L, Razzolini L, Sturchio A, De Giglio L, Pozzilli C, Paolicelli D, Trojano M, Marrosu MG, Patti F, Mancardi GL, Solaro C, Totaro R, Tola MR, De Luca G, Lugaresi A, Moiola L, Martinelli V, Comi G, Amato MP. Paternal therapy with disease modifying drugs in multiple sclerosis and pregnancy outcomes: a prospective observational multicentric study. BMC Neurol 2014; 14:114. [PMID: 24884599 PMCID: PMC4059028 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2377-14-114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Most of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) patients undergo disease modifying drug (DMD) therapy at childbearing age. The objective of this prospective, collaborative study, was to assess outcomes of pregnancies fathered by MS patients undergoing DMD. Methods Structured interviews on pregnancies fathered by MS patients gathered in the Italian Pregnancy Dataset were collected; pregnancies were divided according to father exposure or unexposure to DMD at time of procreation. Treatment were compared with multivariable logistic and linear models. Results Seventy-eight pregnancies fathered by MS patients were tracked. Forty-five patients were taking DMD at time of conception (39 beta-interferons, 6 glatiramer acetate), while 33 pregnancies were unexposed to DMD. Seventy-five pregnancies ended in live-births, 44 in the exposed and 31 in the unexposed group. No significant differences between the two groups were found in the risk of spontaneous abortion or malformations (p > 0.454), mean gestational age (p = 0.513), frequency of cesarean delivery (p = 0.644), birth weight (p = 0.821) and birth length (p = 0.649). In comparison with data of the Italian general population, the proportion of spontaneous abortion and caesarean delivery in exposed pregnancies fell within the estimates, while the proportion of pre-term delivery in the exposed group was higher than expected. Conclusions Our data indicate no association between paternal DMD exposure at time of conception and risk of spontaneous abortion, adverse fetal outcomes and congenital malformations. Further studies clarifying the role of DMD fathers intake prior and during pregnancy are desirable, to supply guidelines for clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Maria Pia Amato
- Department of NEUROFARBA, Section Neurosciences, University of Florence, Largo Brambilla 3, 50134 Florence, Italy.
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Choy JT, Brannigan RE. The determination of reproductive safety in men during and after cancer treatment. Fertil Steril 2013; 100:1187-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2013.07.1974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Jones A, Clary MJ, McDermott E, Coscia LA, Constantinescu S, Moritz MJ, Armenti VT. Outcomes of Pregnancies Fathered by Solid-Organ Transplant Recipients Exposed to Mycophenolic Acid Products. Prog Transplant 2013; 23:153-7. [DOI: 10.7182/pit2013636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Context In women, exposure to mycophenolic acid products during pregnancy results in an increase in both miscarriages and birth defects in the live born. Objective To describe the outcomes of pregnancies fathered by transplant recipients who were being maintained on mycophenolic acid products at the estimated time of conception and compare these pregnancies with pregnancies in the general population. Methods Data were collected by the National Transplantation Pregnancy Registry via questionnaires, telephone interviews, and medical records. Results One hundred fifty-two male transplant recipients with exposure to mycophenolic acid products fathered 205 pregnancies (208 outcomes, including 3 pairs of twins). Pregnancy outcomes included 194 live births with a prematurity rate of 10.8%, 14 spontaneous abortions, and no therapeutic abortions or stillbirths. Among the live births, 6 malformations were reported, for an incidence of 3.1%. No pattern of malformations was identified. Conclusion The outcomes of pregnancies fathered by transplant recipients treated with mycophenolic acid products appear similar to outcomes in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa Jones
- Thomas Jefferson University (AJ, MJC, EM), Gift of Life Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (LAC, VTA), Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (SC), University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida (MJM)
| | - Megan J. Clary
- Thomas Jefferson University (AJ, MJC, EM), Gift of Life Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (LAC, VTA), Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (SC), University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida (MJM)
| | - Erin McDermott
- Thomas Jefferson University (AJ, MJC, EM), Gift of Life Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (LAC, VTA), Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (SC), University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida (MJM)
| | - Lisa A. Coscia
- Thomas Jefferson University (AJ, MJC, EM), Gift of Life Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (LAC, VTA), Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (SC), University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida (MJM)
| | - Serban Constantinescu
- Thomas Jefferson University (AJ, MJC, EM), Gift of Life Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (LAC, VTA), Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (SC), University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida (MJM)
| | - Michael J. Moritz
- Thomas Jefferson University (AJ, MJC, EM), Gift of Life Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (LAC, VTA), Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (SC), University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida (MJM)
| | - Vincent T. Armenti
- Thomas Jefferson University (AJ, MJC, EM), Gift of Life Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (LAC, VTA), Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (SC), University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida (MJM)
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Birth Outcomes Among Military Personnel After Exposure to Documented Open-Air Burn Pits Before and During Pregnancy. J Occup Environ Med 2012; 54:689-97. [DOI: 10.1097/jom.0b013e31824fe154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Crijns I, Bos J, Knol M, Straus S, de Jong-van den Berg L. Paternal drug use: before and during pregnancy. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2012; 11:513-8. [PMID: 22439857 DOI: 10.1517/14740338.2012.674109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Exploratory investigation on drug use by fathers before and during pregnancy with regard to the number of pregnancies. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Data of Dutch community pharmacies were used in which fathers were linked to children. The prevalence of the 15 most prescribed drug groups were calculated per trimester for one trimester preconception and three trimesters during pregnancy. Drugs with possible harmful effect on the semen and/or embryo based on recent safety issues were analyzed for two trimesters before conception. Descriptive statistics was used. RESULTS During the four trimesters, fathers had used one or more drugs in 73% of the pregnancies. Per trimester, drug use ranged from 35 to 39%, with the highest prevalence in the third trimester, statistically significant for the use of one or two drugs. Drugs used most frequently belong to 'anti-inflammatory and antirheumatic products'. Drugs such as SSRIs with possible harmful effect on the semen and/or embryo are used in 1.4% by fathers before conception. CONCLUSION A proportion of 73% of fathers used drugs before and during pregnancy, increasing toward the third trimester. To increase the knowledge on possible effects, organizations like EUROCAT and (EN)(O)TIS might be encouraged to also collect paternal drug use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ineke Crijns
- University of Groningen, Department of PharmacoEpidemiology & PharmacoEconomics, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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DNA fragmentation of normal spermatozoa negatively impacts embryo quality and intracytoplasmic sperm injection outcome. Fertil Steril 2010; 94:549-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2009.02.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2008] [Revised: 02/02/2009] [Accepted: 02/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Abstract
Despite the advancements in diagnostic techniques and therapeutic interventions, medical science has failed to keep the incidence of congenital malformations under control. Ayurveda, the ancient Indian medical system has given due emphasis on this and postulated various measures to minimize the risks. These measures start well before conception. According to Ayurvedic principles, proper preparation of the parents is an essential prerequisite for a healthy progeny. Pre-conception care is a set of interventions that identifies biomedical behavioral and social risks to the health of the mother and the baby. It includes both-prevention and management, emphasizing health issues that require action before conception, very early in pregnancy, for maximal impact. For meeting the objective of healthy progeny, Ayurveda scholars felt the importance of six procreative factors (Shadgarbhkarabhavas) such as Matrija, Pitrija, Aatmaja, Rasaja, Satmyaja, and Sattvaja. The conglomeration of these procreative factors is must for healthy progeny. The physical, mental, social, and spiritual well-being of the person, proper nutrition of the mother during pregnancy, and practice of a wholesome regimen, play a prime role in achieving a healthy offspring, thus structuring a healthy family, society, and nation. Negligence toward any of these factors becomes a cause for unhealthy and defective child birth. The present literary / conceptual study, thus focuses mainly on interpreting these observations, on the basis of modern scientific knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamini Dhiman
- Department of Prasutitantra and Striroga, R. G. Government Postgraduate Ayurveda College, Paprola, District Kangra, Himachal Pradesh, India
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Keegan GM, Learmonth ID, Case C. A Systematic Comparison of the Actual, Potential, and Theoretical Health Effects of Cobalt and Chromium Exposures from Industry and Surgical Implants. Crit Rev Toxicol 2008; 38:645-74. [DOI: 10.1080/10408440701845534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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De Santis M, Cesari E, Cavaliere A, Ligato MS, Nobili E, Visconti D, Caruso A. Paternal exposure and counselling: Experience of a Teratology Information Service. Reprod Toxicol 2008; 26:42-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2008.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2008] [Revised: 06/04/2008] [Accepted: 06/05/2008] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Verhofstad N, Linschooten JO, van Benthem J, Dubrova YE, van Steeg H, van Schooten FJ, Godschalk RWL. New methods for assessing male germ line mutations in humans and genetic risks in their offspring. Mutagenesis 2008; 23:241-7. [DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gen022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Engeland A, Bramness JG, Daltveit AK, Rønning M, Skurtveit S, Furu K. Prescription drug use among fathers and mothers before and during pregnancy. A population-based cohort study of 106,000 pregnancies in Norway 2004-2006. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2008; 65:653-60. [PMID: 18294334 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2008.03102.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS SUBJECT Mothers are using medicines during pregnancies; the extent varies across the world and is generally difficult to compare. In this registry-based study, we examined more than 100,000 Norwegian pregnancies and described the drug prescription pattern of both fathers and mothers around conception and during pregnancy (mothers). WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS In every trimester of pregnancy, about 30% of the mothers was dispensed a drug. The total drug exposure did not seem to diminish throughout pregnancy. One-quarter of the fathers was dispensed drugs during the last 3 months prior to conception. AIMS The primary aim of this study was to describe the use of prescribed drugs in both mothers and fathers before and during pregnancy in Norway. METHODS This population-based cohort study was based on data retrieved from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway and the Norwegian Prescription Database. These registries cover the entire population of Norway. Information on >100,000 births during 2004-2006 in the birth registry was linked to prescription data. Prescriptions issued to mothers just prior to, during and after the pregnancies as well as prescriptions to fathers just prior to conception were identified. RESULTS Among mothers, 83% were prescribed drugs during the period 3 months prior to estimated conception until 3 months after giving birth. The mothers who received drugs were prescribed on average 3.3 different Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) codes (range 1-38). During pregnancy, 57% were prescribed drugs. In the first trimester, 33% of mothers were dispensed drugs, while the figure was 29% for mothers in the last trimester. Among fathers, 25% used prescribed drugs during the 3 months prior to conception, with on average 1.9 different ATC codes (range 1-22). CONCLUSION Large proportions of both fathers and mothers were dispensed drugs prior to conception or during pregnancy. While there is a high awareness of the issues involved in maternal drug use in pregnancy, possible teratogenic effects of drug use in fathers shortly before conception should be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Engeland
- Department of Pharmacoepidemiology, Division of Epidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
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Cordier S. Evidence for a Role of Paternal Exposures in Developmental Toxicity. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2008; 102:176-81. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2007.00162.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Babcock M. Substance-Using Mothers: Bias in Culture and Research. J Addict Nurs 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/10884600802111671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Infante-Rivard C, El-Zein M. Parental alcohol consumption and childhood cancers: a review. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2007; 10:101-29. [PMID: 18074306 DOI: 10.1080/10937400601034597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The etiology of childhood cancers remains generally unknown. Given that the metabolites of alcohol are likely carcinogens and that leukemia, the most frequent childhood cancer, can arise in utero, the study of alcohol consumption as a potential risk factor for the development of childhood cancer is justified. This article summarizes the epidemiological evidence on the association between parental exposure to alcohol and the risk of childhood cancers. To do this, a thorough search of the literature from 1960 to 2003 using the PubMed database was carried out. It yielded 33 case-control studies published between 1982 and 2003, including 13 studies that considered paternal exposure in the preconceptional period. In 10 of the 33 studies at least 1 statistically significant risk increase was reported in relation with parental alcohol consumption; in 7 of these studies the increase was related to maternal consumption, whereas in 3 studies, it was related to paternal consumption. The cancers most often found associated with parental drinking were leukemia, brain tumors, and neuroblastoma. A few studies also reported a protective effect with maternal exposure at modest levels. Inconsistencies in the results and the low risks reported do not suggest an association between childhood cancer and parental consumption of alcohol. However, before reaching any definitive conclusions, methodological issues need to be addressed in future studies, as well as the role of genetic susceptibility. Moreover, subtypes of specific cancers need to be studied separately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Infante-Rivard
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
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Magnusson LL, Bodin L, Wennborg H. Adverse pregnancy outcomes in offspring of fathers working in biomedical research laboratories. Am J Ind Med 2006; 49:468-73. [PMID: 16691607 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.20317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Laboratory work may constitute a possible health hazard for workers as well as for their offspring, and involves a wide range of exposures, such as organic solvents, carcinogenic agents, ionizing radiation, and/or microbiological agents. Adverse pregnancy outcomes in the offspring of male employees in biomedical research laboratories are examined. METHODS Offspring to males employed 1970-1989 at four Swedish universities were identified via the Medical Birth Register (MBR), along with other pregnancy parameters. Offspring of fathers with laboratory work (n = 2,281) is considered exposed, and of non-laboratory employees unexposed (n = 1,909). Exposure data were obtained by questionnaires to research group leaders. Logistic regression analysis estimated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS Paternal laboratory work in general showed no statistically significant increased ORs concerning birth weight and/or gestational age, but work specifically with radioactive isotopes gave OR 1.8 (CI 1.0-3.2) for high birth weight and a relative risk of 1.2 (CI 1.0-1.4) for sex ratio (male/female). CONCLUSIONS There was no clear association between periconceptional paternal laboratory work and adverse reproductive outcomes, but use of radioactive isotopes showed increased OR for high birth weight in offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda L Magnusson
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition at Novum, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.
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Lewis SEM, Aitken RJ. DNA damage to spermatozoa has impacts on fertilization and pregnancy. Cell Tissue Res 2005; 322:33-41. [PMID: 15912407 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-005-1097-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 309] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2004] [Accepted: 02/09/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
DNA damage in the male germ line has been associated with poor semen quality, low fertilization rates, impaired preimplantation development, increased abortion and an elevated incidence of disease in the offspring, including childhood cancer. The causes of this DNA damage are still uncertain but the major candidates are oxidative stress and aberrant apoptosis. The weight of evidence currently favours the former and, in keeping with this conclusion, positive results have been reported for antioxidant therapy both in vivo and in vitro. Resolving the causes of DNA damage in the male germ line will be essential if we are to prevent the generation of genetically damaged human embryos, particularly in the context of assisted conception therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E M Lewis
- School of Medicine, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Queen's University, Belfast BT12 6BJ, UK
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Magnusson LL, Bonde JP, Olsen J, Möller L, Bingefors K, Wennborg H. Paternal Laboratory Work and Congenital Malformations. J Occup Environ Med 2004; 46:761-7. [PMID: 15300126 DOI: 10.1097/01.jom.0000135550.47632.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Animal studies indicate male-mediated teratogenicity for certain carcinogens/mutagens. Nevertheless, paternal occupational determinants of malformations in humans have been sparsely investigated. Data on male employees at Swedish universities from 1970 to 1989 were linked to the Medical Birth Register. The relationship between major malformations and exposure to laboratory work and to specific laboratory agents/techniques before the third trimester were analyzed using logistic regression. For major malformations, "laboratory work in general" (n = 3237) gave an adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 1.3 (95% CI = 0.8-2.1) and carcinogenic solvent use (n = 2489) of 2.0 (95% CI = 0.8-4.9) around the time of conception. For carcinogenic solvents and neural crest malformations, OR was 4.9 (95% CI =1.5-15.8). In conclusion, the prevalence of congenital malformations was not increased in offspring of males with laboratory work in general (1970-1989). Paternal work with agents such as carcinogens could, however, be of concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda L Magnusson
- Unit of Environmental Medicine, Department of Biosciences at Novum, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden.
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Friedman JM. Implications of research in male-mediated developmental toxicity to clinical counsellors, regulators, and occupational safety officers. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2004; 518:219-26. [PMID: 12817690 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-9190-4_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
In closing, let me return to the somewhat irreverent question that I asked at the beginning: Apart from what we learn about fundamentally important biological processes, does male-mediated developmental toxicity make any practical difference? The answer is no, yes, and we don't know. No: The risk of serious birth defects in the future children of a man who is concerned about exposure to radiation or chemicals in the remote past does not appear to be measurably increased in comparison to the background. Yes: Male-mediated developmental toxicity may be of sufficient concern to restrict certain exposures in the population as a whole, but in order for male-mediated developmental toxicity to be determinative, these conditions will have to be otherwise non-toxic. To date, no exposures have been identified that produce substantial male-mediated developmental toxicity in the complete absence of other kinds of toxicity. We don't know how big a problem male-mediated developmental toxicity really is because we have not studied a large enough number and variety of exposures. We don't know if our perspective will change as we begin to understand the importance of individual susceptibility better. We don't know all of the mechanisms that may be involved in male-mediated developmental toxicity or their general biological importance. We don't know more than we do know about male-mediated developmental toxicity, and we are anxious to learn more.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Friedman
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z3.
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Silbergeld EK, Quintanilla-Vega B, Gandley RE. Mechanisms of male mediated developmental toxicity induced by lead. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2004; 518:37-48. [PMID: 12817675 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-9190-4_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ellen K Silbergeld
- University of Maryland Baltimore, Department of Epidemiology & Preventive Medicine, 10 South Pine Street, MSTF 9-34, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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Araneta MRG, Schlangen KM, Edmonds LD, Destiche DA, Merz RD, Hobbs CA, Flood TJ, Harris JA, Krishnamurti D, Gray GC. Prevalence of birth defects among infants of Gulf War veterans in Arkansas, Arizona, California, Georgia, Hawaii, and Iowa, 1989-1993. BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH. PART A, CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY 2003; 67:246-60. [PMID: 12854660 DOI: 10.1002/bdra.10033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiologic studies of birth defects among infants of Gulf War veterans (GWV) have been limited to military hospitals, anomalies diagnosed among newborns, or self-reported data. This study was conducted to measure the prevalence of birth defects among infants of GWVs and nondeployed veterans (NDV) in states that conducted active case ascertainment of birth defects between 1989-93. METHODS Military records of 684,645 GWVs and 1,587,102 NDVs were electronically linked with 2,314,908 birth certficates from Arizona, Hawaii, Iowa, and selected counties of Arkansas, California, and Georgia; 11,961 GWV infants and 33,052 NDV infants were identified. Of these, 450 infants had mothers who served in the Gulf War, and 3966 had NDV mothers. RESULTS Infants conceived postwar to male GWVs had significantly higher prevalence of tricuspid valve insufficicieny (relative risk [RR], 2.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1-6.6; p = 0.039) and aortic valve stenosis (RR, 6.0; 95% CI, 1.2-31.0; p = 0.026) compared to infants conceived postwar to NDV males. Among infants of male GWVs, aortic valve stenosis (RR, 163; 95% CI, 0.09-294; p = 0.011) and renal agenesis or hypoplasia (RR, 16.3; 95% CI, 0.09-294; p = 0.011) were significantly higher among infants conceived postwar than prewar. Hypospadias was significantly higher among infant sons conceived postwar to GWV women compared to NDV women (RR, 6.3; 95% CI, 1.5-26.3; p = 0.015). CONCLUSION We observed a higher prevalence of tricuspid valve insufficiency, aortic valve stenosis, and renal agenesis or hypoplasia among infants conceived postwar to GWV men, and a higher prevalence of hypospadias among infants conceived postwar to female GWVs. We did not have the ability to determine if the excess was caused by inherited or environmental factors, or was due to chance because of myriad reasons, including multiple comparisons. Although the statistical power was sufficient to compare the combined birth defects prevalence, larger sample sizes were needed for less frequent individual component defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rosario G Araneta
- Department of Defense Center for Deployment Health Research, Naval Health Research, Center, San Diego, California, USA.
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Weiss J, Päpke O, Bignert A, Jensen S, Greyerz E, Agostoni C, Besana R, Riva E, Giovannini M, Zetterström R. Concentrations of dioxins and other organochlorines (PCBs, DDTs, HCHs) in human milk from Seveso, Milan and a Lombardian rural area in Italy: a study performed 25 years after the heavy dioxin exposure in Seveso. Acta Paediatr 2003; 92:467-72. [PMID: 12801115 DOI: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.2003.tb00580.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate whether those who were exposed to high levels of the dioxin TCDD 25 years ago in Seveso, northern Italy still have higher than the expected levels of dioxins in their fat stores, and to investigate the concentrations of dioxins in the breast milk of mothers in Seveso and in two other regions in Italy. The load of vertically transmitted dioxins to the next generation, if being breastfed, was also investigated. METHODS As there may be a synergistic effect of mixtures of organic chlorines, the concentrations of pesticides such as DDTs and PCBs have also been studied in the same human milk samples. Breast milk from 12 mothers from Seveso, Central Milan and a Lombardian village was collected for analysis during the first week and 1 and 3 mo after delivery. Individual samples were used for the analysis of pesticides and PCBs, whereas dioxins were analysed in pooled samples from all 12 mothers on each occasion. RESULTS In human milk from Seveso, the TCDD concentration in fat calculated on a fresh weight basis was more than twice as high as the level in the other two regions, whereas the concentrations of investigated other toxins were lower in Seveso possible due to induction of the enzyme cytochrome P4501A, which means that the total level of dioxins was the same in all three locations. The congener profile, measured as mean toxic equivalency (TEQ) values, was the same in the Italian samples as previously reported from Stockholm. The calculations are based on the most recent WHO TCDD equivalency factors (TEF). The DDE concentration was higher in the samples from Milan than in the samples from the other two Italian regions, which may be due to the fact that, to a greater extent than in the other regions, Milanese food is imported from countries where DDT is still used as a pesticide. CONCLUSION Twenty-five years after the dioxin catastrophe, human milk from mothers in Seveso has concentrations of the highly toxic dioxin congener TCDD that are more than twice as high as those in central Milan and a Lombardian village. This means that breastfed infants in Seveso still store an appreciable amount of TCDD in their body fat. The health consequences of this fact remain to be elucidated. The effect of the high load of DDTs in central Milan also has to be considered
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Affiliation(s)
- J Weiss
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Stockholm University, Sweden
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Al-Gazali LI, Bakir M, Hamid Z, Varady E, Varghes M, Haas D, Bener A, Padmanabhan R, Abdulrrazzaq YM, Dawadu A, Abdulrrazzzaq YM, Dawodu AK. Birth prevalence and pattern of osteochondrodysplasias in an inbred high risk population. BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH. PART A, CLINICAL AND MOLECULAR TERATOLOGY 2003; 67:125-32. [PMID: 12769508 DOI: 10.1002/bdra.10009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Define the pattern and birth prevalence of the different types of osteochondrodysplasias in newborn infants in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) population, which is highly inbred and where termination of pregnancy is not accepted. METHODS All infants with a birth weight of 500 gm and above in the three hospitals in Al Ain Medical District of the UAE were studied prospectively over a period of 5 years. For each live birth or stillbirth with suspected skeletal dysplasia, a detailed clinical and radiological examination was carried out. Pregnancy history and information regarding parental age, ethnic origin, family history, and level of consanguinity were obtained and a pedigree was constructed. RESULTS Among the 38,048 births during the study period, 36 (9.46/10,000 births) had some type of skeletal dysplasia. Eighteen cases were attributed to autosomal recessive genes (4.7/10,000 births), 10 were due to apparent new dominant mutations (2.62/10,000), five were autosomal dominant type (1.3/10,000) and one was X-linked dominant type (0.26/10,000). In three cases, inheritance was unknown. The most common recessive type of skeletal dysplasia in our series was fibrochondrogenesis (1.05/10,000), followed by chondrodysplasia punctata (0.78/10,000). The birth prevalence rate of skeletal dysplasia doubled in the last 2 years of the 5-year observation period (6.74/10,000 in 1996 vs. 12.86/10,000 in 1999, and 13.45/10,000 in 2000). This increase involved cases caused by new dominant mutations, and occurred mainly in the first half of 1999. CONCLUSION This prospective study has identified a high birth prevalence of skeletal dysplasia, and risk factors are postulated. These findings represent an accurate birthprevalence figure and a useful baseline for this group of birth defects in the UAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihadh I Al-Gazali
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
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