1
|
Kataura T, Saiki S, Ishikawa KI, Akamatsu W, Sasazawa Y, Hattori N, Imoto M. BRUP-1, an intracellular bilirubin modulator, exerts neuroprotective activity in a cellular Parkinson's disease model. J Neurochem 2020; 155:81-97. [PMID: 32128811 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Bilirubin, the end product of heme redox metabolism, has cytoprotective properties and is an essential metabolite associated with cardiovascular disease, inflammatory bowel disease, type 2 diabetes, and neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson's disease (PD). PD is characterized by progressive degeneration of nigral dopaminergic neurons and is associated with elevated oxidative stress due to mitochondrial dysfunction. In this study, using a ratiometric bilirubin probe, we revealed that the mitochondrial inhibitor, rotenone, which is widely used to create a PD model, significantly decreased intracellular bilirubin levels in HepG2 cells. Chemical screening showed that BRUP-1 was a top hit that restored cellular bilirubin levels that were lowered by rotenone. We found that BRUP-1 up-regulated the expression level of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), one of the rate-limiting enzyme of bilirubin production via nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activation. In addition, we demonstrated that this Nrf2 activation was due to a direct inhibition of the interaction between Nrf2 and Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) by BRUP-1. Both HO-1 up-regulation and bilirubin restoration by BRUP-1 treatment were significantly abrogated by Nrf2 silencing. In neuronal PC12D cells, BRUP-1 also activated the Nrf2-HO-1 axis and increased bilirubin production, resulted in the suppression of neurotoxin-induced cell death, reactive oxygen species production, and protein aggregation, which are hallmarks of PD. Furthermore, BRUP-1 showed neuroprotective activity against rotenone-treated neurons derived from induced pluripotent stem cells. These findings provide a new member of Keap1-Nrf2 direct inhibitors and suggest that chemical modulation of heme metabolism using BRUP-1 may be beneficial for PD treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tetsushi Kataura
- Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Keio University, Yokohama, Japan.,Research Fellow, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Chiyoda, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinji Saiki
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kei-Ichi Ishikawa
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Center for Genomic and Regenerative Medicine, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wado Akamatsu
- Center for Genomic and Regenerative Medicine, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukiko Sasazawa
- Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Keio University, Yokohama, Japan.,Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Hattori
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaya Imoto
- Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Keio University, Yokohama, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
The sinister face of heme oxygenase-1 in brain aging and disease. Prog Neurobiol 2019; 172:40-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2018.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
3
|
Sullivan B, Robison G, Osborn J, Kay M, Thompson P, Davis K, Zakharova T, Antipova O, Pushkar Y. On the nature of the Cu-rich aggregates in brain astrocytes. Redox Biol 2017; 11:231-239. [PMID: 28012438 PMCID: PMC5198742 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2016.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Fulfilling a bevy of biological roles, copper is an essential metal for healthy brain function. Cu dyshomeostasis has been demonstrated to be involved in some neurological conditions including Menkes and Alzheimer's diseases. We have previously reported localized Cu-rich aggregates in astrocytes of the subventricular zone (SVZ) in rodent brains with Cu concentrations in the hundreds of millimolar. Metallothionein, a cysteine-rich protein critical to metal homeostasis and known to participate in a variety of neuroprotective and neuroregenerative processes, was proposed as a binding protein. Here, we present an analysis of metallothionein(1,2) knockout (MTKO) mice and age-matched controls using X-ray fluorescence microscopy. In large structures such as the corpus callosum, cortex, and striatum, there is no significant difference in Cu, Fe, or Zn concentrations in MTKO mice compared to age-matched controls. In the astrocyte-rich subventricular zone where Cu-rich aggregates reside, approximately 1/3 as many Cu-rich aggregates persist in MTKO mice resulting in a decrease in periventricular Cu concentration. Aggregates in both wild-type and MTKO mice show XANES spectra characteristic of CuxSy multimetallic clusters and have similar [S]/[Cu] ratios. Consistent with assignment as a CuxSy multimetallic cluster, the astrocyte-rich SVZ of both MTKO and wild-type mice exhibit autofluorescent bodies, though MTKO mice exhibit fewer. Furthermore, XRF imaging of Au-labeled lysosomes and ubiquitin demonstrates a lack of co-localization with Cu-rich aggregates suggesting they are not involved in a degradation pathway. Overall, these data suggest that Cu in aggregates is bound by either metallothionein-3 or a yet unknown protein similar to metallothionein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brendan Sullivan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, 525 Northwestern Ave., West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - Gregory Robison
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, 525 Northwestern Ave., West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - Jenna Osborn
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, 525 Northwestern Ave., West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - Martin Kay
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, 525 Northwestern Ave., West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - Peter Thompson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, 525 Northwestern Ave., West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - Katherine Davis
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, 525 Northwestern Ave., West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - Taisiya Zakharova
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, 525 Northwestern Ave., West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States
| | - Olga Antipova
- BioCAT, Advanced Photon Source, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Ave., Argonne, IL 60439, United States; XSD, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Ave., Argonne, IL 60439, United States
| | - Yulia Pushkar
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Purdue University, 525 Northwestern Ave., West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ayuso P, Martínez C, Pastor P, Lorenzo-Betancor O, Luengo A, Jiménez-Jiménez FJ, Alonso-Navarro H, Agúndez JAG, García-Martín E. An association study between Heme oxygenase-1 genetic variants and Parkinson's disease. Front Cell Neurosci 2014; 8:298. [PMID: 25309329 PMCID: PMC4173932 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2014.00298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) supplies brain tissues with nutrients, filters harmful compounds from the brain back to the bloodstream, and plays a key role in iron homeostasis in the human brain. Disruptions of the BBB are associated with several neurodegenerative conditions including Parkinson's disease (PD). Oxidative stress, iron deposition and mitochondrial impaired function are considered as risk factors for degeneration of the central nervous system. Heme oxygenase (HMOX) degrades heme ring to biliverdin, free ferrous iron and carbon monoxide being the rate-limiting activity in heme catabolism. The isoform HMOX1 is highly inducible in response to reactive oxygen species, which induce an increase in BBB permeability and impair its pathophysiology. Consequently, an over- expression of this enzyme may contribute to the marked iron deposition found in PD. We analyzed the HMOX1 SNPs rs2071746, rs2071747, and rs9282702, a microsatellite (GT)n polymorphism and copy number variations in 691 patients suffering from PD and 766 healthy control individuals. Copy number variations in the HMOX1 gene exist, but these do not seem to be associated with PD risk. In contrast two polymorphisms that modify the transcriptional activity of the gene, namely a VNTR (GT)n and the SNP rs2071746, are strongly associated with PD risk, particularly with the classic PD phenotype and with early onset of the disease. This study indicates that HMOX1 gene variants are associated to the risk of developing some forms of PD, thus adding new information that supports association of HMOX gene variations with PD risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Ayuso
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Genetic, University of Extremadura Cáceres, Spain ; Redes Temáticas de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud (RIRAAF/RETICS), Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Martínez
- Redes Temáticas de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud (RIRAAF/RETICS), Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid, Spain ; Department of Pharmacology, University of Extremadura Cáceres, Spain
| | - Pau Pastor
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Division of Neurosciences, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra Pamplona, Spain ; Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra Pamplona, Spain ; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid, Spain
| | - Oswaldo Lorenzo-Betancor
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, Division of Neurosciences, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra Pamplona, Spain ; Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra Pamplona, Spain
| | - Antonio Luengo
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Extremadura Cáceres, Spain
| | | | | | - José A G Agúndez
- Redes Temáticas de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud (RIRAAF/RETICS), Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid, Spain ; Department of Pharmacology, University of Extremadura Cáceres, Spain
| | - Elena García-Martín
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Genetic, University of Extremadura Cáceres, Spain ; Redes Temáticas de Investigación Cooperativa en Salud (RIRAAF/RETICS), Instituto de Salud Carlos III Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Song W, Zukor H, Lin SH, Liberman A, Tavitian A, Mui J, Vali H, Fillebeen C, Pantopoulos K, Wu TD, Guerquin-Kern JL, Schipper HM. Unregulated brain iron deposition in transgenic mice over-expressing HMOX1 in the astrocytic compartment. J Neurochem 2012; 123:325-36. [PMID: 22881289 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2012.07914.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Revised: 08/03/2012] [Accepted: 08/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms responsible for pathological iron deposition in the aging and degenerating mammalian CNS remain poorly understood. The stress protein, HO-1 mediates the degradation of cellular heme to biliverdin/bilirubin, free iron, and CO and is up-regulated in the brains of persons with Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. HO-1 induction in primary astroglial cultures promotes deposition of non-transferrin iron, mitochondrial damage and macroautophagy, and predisposes cocultured neuronal elements to oxidative injury. To gain a better appreciation of the role of glial HO-1 in vivo, we probed for aberrant brain iron deposition using Perls' method and dynamic secondary ion mass spectrometry in novel, conditional GFAP.HMOX1 transgenic mice that selectively over-express human HO-1 in the astrocytic compartment. At 48 weeks, the GFAP.HMOX1 mice exhibited increased deposits of glial iron in hippocampus and other subcortical regions without overt changes in iron-regulatory and iron-binding proteins relative to age-matched wild-type animals. Dynamic secondary ion mass spectrometry revealed abundant FeO⁻ signals in the transgenic, but not wild-type, mouse brain that colocalized to degenerate mitochondria and osmiophilic cytoplasmic inclusions (macroautophagy) documented by TEM. Sustained up-regulation of HO-1 in astrocytes promotes pathological brain iron deposition and oxidative mitochondrial damage characteristic of Alzheimer's disease-affected neural tissues. Curtailment of glial HO-1 hyperactivity may limit iron-mediated cytotoxicity in aging and degenerating neural tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Song
- Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Nam IH, Kim DW, Song HJ, Kim S, Lee KS, Lee YH. Association of Corpora Amylacea Formation with Astrocytes and Cerebrospinal Fluid in the Aged Human Brain. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.11637/kjpa.2012.25.4.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- In Hye Nam
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Korea
| | - Dong Woon Kim
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Korea
| | - Hee-Jung Song
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Korea
| | - Sooil Kim
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Korea
| | - Keon Su Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Korea
| | - Young Ho Lee
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Schipper HM, Song W, Zukor H, Hascalovici JR, Zeligman D. Heme oxygenase-1 and neurodegeneration: expanding frontiers of engagement. J Neurochem 2009; 110:469-85. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2009.06160.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
8
|
Zukor H, Song W, Liberman A, Mui J, Vali H, Fillebeen C, Pantopoulos K, Wu TD, Guerquin-Kern JL, Schipper HM. HO-1-mediated macroautophagy: a mechanism for unregulated iron deposition in aging and degenerating neural tissues. J Neurochem 2009; 109:776-91. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2009.06007.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
9
|
Balea IA, Illes P, Schobert R. Affinity of corpora amylacea for oligonucleotides: sequence dependency and proteinaceous binding motif. Neuropathology 2006; 26:277-82. [PMID: 16961062 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1789.2006.00695.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Corpora amylacea (CA) have an affinity to nucleic acids as shown by in situ hybridization experiments. However, little is known about the specificity of this interaction, as well as the mechanism involved. We investigated the ability of different probes of digoxigenin-labeled oligonucleotides corresponding to some specific neuronal receptors, both sense and antisense, to bind to CA from human autopsy brain tissue. The bound nucleotides were detected with antidigoxigenin antibody and the signal was further amplified using the tyramide signal amplification system. The affinity of binding varies with the sequence of nucleotides. The most intense signal is produced by the adenosine-2A receptor antisense probe and the least intense signal is produced by the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor sense probe. The affinity of binding for the same probe does not depend on the localization of CA in the central nervous system. Complete staining loss by proteinase K pretreatment in higher concentrations shows that the binding motif is partially proteinaceous. The circumferential but not the punctate internal staining is diminished by mild amylglucosidase pretreatment, suggesting a process of progressive apposition and condensation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ioan A Balea
- Department of Neuropathology, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abubakr A, Wambacq I, Donahue JE, Zappulla R. The presence of polyglucosan bodies in temporal lobe epilepsy: its role and significance. J Clin Neurosci 2005; 12:911-4. [PMID: 16246565 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2004.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2004] [Accepted: 12/06/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS) is an important pathology in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and often associated with good surgical outcome, however prognostic factors for surgical outcome are conflicting. The authors examine seizure outcome after surgery for TLE due to MTS, with focus on the presence of polyglucosan bodies (PGBs), and its relation to the epileptogenic process. METHODS Records of 44 consecutive patients with intractable TLE who underwent anterior temporal lobectomy (ATL) at JFK medical center between 1994-2001 were reviewed. Details of clinical, electrophysiological evaluation, and outcome were collected. All slides were reviewed for the presence of MTS. In twenty-one patients with MTS, detailed histology of surgical specimens was reviewed and relative concentration of PGBs was assessed. The postoperative follow-up duration ranges between 28-74 months. Surgical outcome was evaluated according to Engel's classification. RESULTS Data of fourteen females (mean age 32.8 years) and 7 males (mean age 34.2) were analyzed. PBGs were identified in 10 patients (8 females and 2 males). All 10 patients had good surgical outcome, with 6 patients (60%) being seizure free (class 1) and 4 patients as class 2. While 11 patients (6 males and 5 females) with absent PGB, 72.8% had good surgical outcome. Of these, 7 (63.8%) had class 1, 1 patient had class 2, and 3 patients had class 3&4. Assessing several risk factors, the only significant difference between the two groups was epilepsy duration, which was significantly longer in patients with PGBs (P = 0.011). CONCLUSION The histological presence of PGB is associated with long duration of epilepsy and could be the consequence of epilepsy. Despite prolonged duration of epilepsy, the surgical outcome in PGBs +ve is similar to PGBs -ve patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abuhuziefa Abubakr
- New Jersey Neuroscience Institute, Seton Hall University for Graduate Medical Education. 65 James Street Edison New Jersey 08818, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Andree C, Sedivy R. Discovery of a letter from Rokitansky to Virchow about subependymal corpora amylacea. Virchows Arch 2004; 446:177-80. [PMID: 15583930 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-004-1154-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2004] [Accepted: 10/06/2004] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Until recently, Rokitansky and Virchow were thought to have never exchanged letters. Recently, however, a letter from Rokitansky to Virchow dated 1853 was discovered. In this letter, Rokitansky commented on Virchow's discovery of subependymal corpora amylacea. This report comprises an English translation of this letter together with a historical appraisal and a short comment on the importance of corpora amylacea in the brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Andree
- Institute for History of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Kiel, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Schipper HM. Brain iron deposition and the free radical-mitochondrial theory of ageing. Ageing Res Rev 2004; 3:265-301. [PMID: 15231237 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2004.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2004] [Accepted: 02/13/2004] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The central hypothesis of this paper states that oxidative stress, augmented iron deposition, and mitochondrial insufficiency in the ageing and degenerating CNS constitute a single neuropathological 'lesion', and that the advent of one component of this triad obligates the appearance of the others. Evidence in support of this unifying perspective is adduced from human neuropathological studies, experimental paradigms of ageing-associated neurological disorders, and a comprehensive model of astroglial senescence. A pivotal role for the enzyme, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in consolidating this tripartite lesion in the ageing and diseased CNS is emphasized. The data are discussed in the context of a revised 'free radical-mitochondrial-metal' theory of brain ageing, and some scientific and clinical implications of the latter are considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyman M Schipper
- Centre for Neurotranslational Research and Bloomfield Centre for Research in Ageing, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Que., Canada. hyman@
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Erdamar S, Zhu ZQ, Hamilton WJ, Armstrong DL, Grossman RG. Corpora amylacea and heat shock protein 27 in Ammon's horn sclerosis. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2000; 59:698-706. [PMID: 10952060 DOI: 10.1093/jnen/59.8.698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased numbers of corpora amylacea have been observed in the resected mesial temporal lobe of many patients with complex partial seizures (CPS) and Ammon's horn sclerosis (AHS). Several heat shock proteins (HSPs) are induced by seizures and have been suggested as an etiologic factor in the formation corpora amylacea. We quantified corpora amylacea and HSP27-immunoreactive astrocytes in temporal lobe specimens from patients with CPS (28 AHS; 10 non-AHS) and in 5 autopsy controls. Corpora amylacea were increased in each sector of Ammon's horn in the AHS group, significantly so in CA1 and CA3 (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.0097, respectively), compared with the non-AHS group, although there was considerable variability among the specimens. We found HSP27 to be significantly but nonspecifically increased in the resected temporal lobe specimens from all patients with CPS, regardless of the underlying pathology. HSP27 was not, however, expressed within the corpora amylacea, and did not correlate with the number of corpora amylacea in any of the 9 mesial and lateral temporal lobe areas examined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Erdamar
- Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Cavanagh JB. Corpora-amylacea and the family of polyglucosan diseases. BRAIN RESEARCH. BRAIN RESEARCH REVIEWS 1999; 29:265-95. [PMID: 10209236 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-0173(99)00003-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The history, characters, composition and topography of corpora amylacea (CA) in man and the analogous polyglucosan bodies (PGB) in other species are documented, noting particularly the wide variation in the numbers found with age and in neurological disease. Their origins from both neurons and glia and their probable migrations and ultimate fate are discussed. Their presence is also noted in other organs, particularly in the heart. The occurrence in isolated cases of occasional 'massive' usually focal accumulations of similar polyglucosan bodies in association with certain chronic neurological diseases is noted and the specific conditions Adult Polyglucosan body disease and type IV glycogenosis where they are found throughout the nervous system in great excess is discussed. The distinctive differences of CA from the PGB of Lafora body disease and Bielschowsky body disease are emphasised. When considering their functional roles, a parallel is briefly drawn on the one hand between normal CA and the bodies in the polyglucosan disorders and on the other with the lysosomal system and its associated storage diseases. It is suggested that these two systems are complementary ways by which large, metabolically active cells such as neurons, astrocytes, cardiac myocytes and probably many other cell types, dispose of the products of stressful metabolic events throughout life and the continuing underlying process of aging and degradation of long lived cellular proteins. Each debris disposal system must be regulated in its own way and must inevitably, a priori, be heir to metabolic defects that give rise in each to its own set of metabolic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J B Cavanagh
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigny Avenue, London SE5 8AF, UK
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
This review contributes to a new vision of the most important findings in the aging cerebral cortex as elucidated by modern histology and histochemistry. It includes an overview of the macroscopic and microscopic changes involved, not only in normal aging, but also in the main age-related neurodegenerative diseases. Finally, the most accepted theories about aging as well as the implications of nitric oxide in this process are described.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M A Peinado
- Department of Cellular Biology, School of Experimental Sciences, University of Jaén, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|