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Mirjat D, Kashif M, Roberts CM. Shake It Up Baby Now: The Changing Focus on TWIST1 and Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition in Cancer and Other Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17539. [PMID: 38139368 PMCID: PMC10743446 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
TWIST1 is a transcription factor that is necessary for healthy neural crest migration, mesoderm development, and gastrulation. It functions as a key regulator of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a process by which cells lose their polarity and gain the ability to migrate. EMT is often reactivated in cancers, where it is strongly associated with tumor cell invasion and metastasis. Early work on TWIST1 in adult tissues focused on its transcriptional targets and how EMT gave rise to metastatic cells. In recent years, the roles of TWIST1 and other EMT factors in cancer have expanded greatly as our understanding of tumor progression has advanced. TWIST1 and related factors are frequently tied to cancer cell stemness and changes in therapeutic responses and thus are now being viewed as attractive therapeutic targets. In this review, we highlight non-metastatic roles for TWIST1 and related EMT factors in cancer and other disorders, discuss recent findings in the areas of therapeutic resistance and stemness in cancer, and comment on the potential to target EMT for therapy. Further research into EMT will inform novel treatment combinations and strategies for advanced cancers and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dureali Mirjat
- Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA
| | - Muhammad Kashif
- Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA
| | - Cai M. Roberts
- Department of Pharmacology, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA
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2
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Khotib J, Marhaeny HD, Miatmoko A, Budiatin AS, Ardianto C, Rahmadi M, Pratama YA, Tahir M. Differentiation of osteoblasts: the links between essential transcription factors. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:10257-10276. [PMID: 36420663 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2148749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Osteoblasts, cells derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in the bone marrow, are cells responsible for bone formation and remodeling. The differentiation of osteoblasts from MSCs is triggered by the expression of specific genes, which are subsequently controlled by pro-osteogenic pathways. Mature osteoblasts then differentiate into osteocytes and are embedded in the bone matrix. Dysregulation of osteoblast function can cause inadequate bone formation, which leads to the development of bone disease. Various key molecules are involved in the regulation of osteoblastogenesis, which are transcription factors. Previous studies have heavily examined the role of factors that control gene expression during osteoblastogenesis, both in vitro and in vivo. However, the systematic relationship of these transcription factors remains unknown. The involvement of ncRNAs in this mechanism, particularly miRNAs, lncRNAs, and circRNAs, has been shown to influence transcriptional factor activity in the regulation of osteoblast differentiation. Here, we discuss nine essential transcription factors involved in osteoblast differentiation, including Runx2, Osx, Dlx5, β-catenin, ATF4, Ihh, Satb2, and Shn3. In addition, we summarize the role of ncRNAs and their relationship to these essential transcription factors in order to improve our understanding of the transcriptional regulation of osteoblast differentiation. Adequate exploration and understanding of the molecular mechanisms of osteoblastogenesis can be a critical strategy in the development of therapies for bone-related diseases.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junaidi Khotib
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Honey Dzikri Marhaeny
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Andang Miatmoko
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Aniek Setiya Budiatin
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Chrismawan Ardianto
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Mahardian Rahmadi
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Yusuf Alif Pratama
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Tahir
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Kulliyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Pahang, Malaysia
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3
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Toriumi K, Onodera Y, Takehara T, Mori T, Hasei J, Shigi K, Iwawaki N, Ozaki T, Akagi M, Nakanishi M, Teramura T. LRRC15 expression indicates high level of stemness regulated by TWIST1 in mesenchymal stem cells. iScience 2023; 26:106946. [PMID: 37534184 PMCID: PMC10391581 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are used as a major source for cell therapy, and its application is expanding in various diseases. On the other hand, reliable method to evaluate quality and therapeutic properties of MSC is limited. In this study, we focused on TWIST1 that is a transcription factor regulating stemness of MSCs and found that the transmembrane protein LRRC15 tightly correlated with the expression of TWIST1 and useful to expect TWIST1-regulated stemness of MSCs. The LRRC15-positive MSC populations in human and mouse bone marrow tissues highly expressed stemness-associated transcription factors and therapeutic cytokines, and showed better therapeutic effect in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis model mice. This study provides evidence for the important role of TWIST1 in the MSC stemness, and for the utility of the LRRC15 protein as a marker to estimate stem cell quality in MSCs before cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensuke Toriumi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-sayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuta Onodera
- Institute of Advanced Clinical Medicine, Kindai University Hospital, Osaka-sayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Takehara
- Institute of Advanced Clinical Medicine, Kindai University Hospital, Osaka-sayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tatsufumi Mori
- Life Science Institute, Kindai University, Osaka-sayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Joe Hasei
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Okayama University Faculty of Medicine, Okayama, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kanae Shigi
- Institute of Advanced Clinical Medicine, Kindai University Hospital, Osaka-sayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Natsumi Iwawaki
- Institute of Advanced Clinical Medicine, Kindai University Hospital, Osaka-sayama, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Ozaki
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Okayama University Faculty of Medicine, Okayama, Okayama, Japan
| | - Masao Akagi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-sayama, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Takeshi Teramura
- Institute of Advanced Clinical Medicine, Kindai University Hospital, Osaka-sayama, Osaka, Japan
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4
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Vesuna F, Penet MF, Mori N, Bhujwalla ZM, Raman V. Twist alters the breast tumor microenvironment via choline kinase to facilitate an aggressive phenotype. Mol Cell Biochem 2023; 478:939-948. [PMID: 36136285 PMCID: PMC11299248 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04555-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Twist (TWIST1) is a gene required for cell fate specification in embryos and its expression in mammary epithelium can initiate tumorigenesis through the epithelial-mesenchymal transition. To identify downstream target genes of Twist in breast cancer, we performed microarray analysis on the transgenic breast cancer cell line, MCF-7/Twist. One of the targets identified was choline kinase whose upregulation resulted in increased cellular phosphocholine and total choline containing compounds-a characteristic observed in highly aggressive metastatic cancers. To study the interactions between Twist, choline kinase, and their effect on the microenvironment, we used 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy and found significantly higher phosphocholine and total choline, as well as increased phosphocholine/glycerophosphocholine ratio in MCF-7/Twist cells. We also observed significant increases in extracellular glucose, lactate, and [H +] ion concentrations in the MCF-7/Twist cells. Magnetic resonance imaging of MCF-7/Twist orthotopic breast tumors showed a significant increase in vascular volume and permeability surface area product compared to control tumors. In addition, by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, we discovered that Twist upregulated choline kinase expression in estrogen receptor negative breast cancer cell lines through FOXA1 downregulation. Moreover, using The Cancer Genome Atlas database, we observed a significant inverse relationship between FOXA1 and choline kinase expression and propose that it could act as a modulator of the Twist/choline kinase axis. The data presented indicate that Twist is a driver of choline kinase expression in breast cancer cells via FOXA1 resulting in the generation of an aggressive breast cancer phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Vesuna
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Marie-France Penet
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Noriko Mori
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Zaver M Bhujwalla
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Venu Raman
- Division of Cancer Imaging Research, Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
- Department of Pharmacology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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5
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Lai HH, Hung LY, Yen CJ, Hung HC, Chen RY, Ku YC, Lo HT, Tsai HW, Lee YP, Yang TH, Chen YY, Huang YS, Huang W. NEIL3 promotes hepatoma epithelial-mesenchymal transition by activating the BRAF/MEK/ERK/TWIST signaling pathway. J Pathol 2022; 258:339-352. [PMID: 36181299 DOI: 10.1002/path.6001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is among the most prevalent visceral neoplasms. So far, reliable biomarkers for predicting HCC recurrence in patients undergoing surgery are far from adequate. In the aim of searching for genetic biomarkers involved in HCC development, we performed analyses of cDNA microarrays and found that the DNA repair gene NEIL3 was remarkably overexpressed in tumors. NEIL3 belongs to the Fpg/Nei protein superfamily, which contains DNA glycosylase activity required for the base excision repair for DNA lesions. Notably, the other Fpg/Nei family proteins NEIL1 and NEIL2, which have the same glycosylase activity as NEIL3, were not elevated in HCC; NEIL3 was specifically induced to participate in HCC development independently of its glycosylase activity. Using RNA-seq and invasion/migration assays, we found that NEIL3 elevated the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) factors, including the E/N-cadherin switch and the transcription of MMP genes, and promoted the invasion, migration, and stemness phenotypes of HCC cells. Moreover, NEIL3 directly interacted with the key EMT player TWIST1 to enhance invasion and migration activities. In mouse orthotopic HCC studies, NEIL3 overexpression also caused a prominent E-cadherin decrease, tumor volume increase, and lung metastasis, indicating that NEIL3 led to EMT and tumor metastasis in mice. We further found that NEIL3 induced the transcription of MDR1 (ABCB1) and BRAF genes through the canonical E-box (CANNTG) promoter region, which the TWIST1 transcription factor recognizes and binds to, leading to the BRAF/MEK/ERK pathway-mediated cell proliferation as well as anti-cancer drug resistance, respectively. In the HCC cohort, the tumor NEIL3 level demonstrated a high positive correlation with disease-free and overall survival after surgery. In conclusion, NEIL3 activated the BRAF/MEK/ERK/TWIST pathway-mediated EMT and therapeutic resistances, leading to HCC progression. Targeted inhibition of NEIL3 in HCC individuals with NEIL3 induction is a promising therapeutic approach. © 2022 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Huang Lai
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Yi Hung
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Jui Yen
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hsu-Chin Hung
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ruo-Yu Chen
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Biosignal Transduction, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chao Ku
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hang-Tat Lo
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Wen Tsai
- Department of Pathology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Ping Lee
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Tz-Hsuan Yang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Yu Chen
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Shuian Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wenya Huang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Institute of Bioinformatics and Biosignal Transduction, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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6
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Liang Y, Shakya A, Liu X. Biomimetic Tubular Matrix Induces Periodontal Ligament Principal Fiber Formation and Inhibits Osteogenic Differentiation of Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:36451-36461. [PMID: 35938610 PMCID: PMC10041666 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c09420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Periodontal ligament (PDL) is assembled from highly organized collagen fiber bundles (PDL principal fibers) that are crucial in supporting teeth and buffering mechanical force. Therefore, regeneration of PDL needs to reconstruct these well-ordered fiber bundles to restore PDL functions. However, the formation of PDL principal fibers has long been a challenge due to the absence of an effective three-dimensional (3D) matrix to guide the growth of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) and to inhibit the osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs during the PDL principal fibers deposition. In this work, we designed and fabricated a bio-inspired tubular 3D matrix to guide the migration and growth of human PDLSCs and form well-aligned PDL principal fibers. As a biomimetic 3D template, the tubular matrix controlled PDLSCs migration inside the tubules and aligned the cells to the designated direction. Inside the tubular matrix, the PDLSCs expressed PDL markers and formed oriented fiber bundles with the same size and density as those of natural PDL principal fibers. Furthermore, the tubular matrix downregulated the osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs. A mechanism study revealed that the Yap1/Twist1 signaling pathway was involved in the inhibition of PDLSCs osteogenesis within the tubular matrix. This work provides an effective approach to induce PDLSCs to form principal fibers and gives insight into the underlying mechanism of inhibiting the osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs in biomimetic tubular matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxi Liang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas 75246, United States
| | - Ajay Shakya
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas 75246, United States
| | - Xiaohua Liu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas 75246, United States
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7
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Romanelli Tavares VL, Guimarães-Ramos SL, Zhou Y, Masotti C, Ezquina S, Moreira DDP, Buermans H, Freitas RS, Den Dunnen JT, Twigg SRF, Passos-Bueno MR. New locus underlying auriculocondylar syndrome (ARCND): 430 kb duplication involving TWIST1 regulatory elements. J Med Genet 2021; 59:895-905. [PMID: 34750192 PMCID: PMC9411924 DOI: 10.1136/jmedgenet-2021-107825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Auriculocondylar syndrome (ARCND) is a rare genetic disease that affects structures derived from the first and second pharyngeal arches, mainly resulting in micrognathia and auricular malformations. To date, pathogenic variants have been identified in three genes involved in the EDN1-DLX5/6 pathway (PLCB4, GNAI3 and EDN1) and some cases remain unsolved. Here we studied a large unsolved four-generation family. Methods We performed linkage analysis, resequencing and Capture-C to investigate the causative variant of this family. To test the pathogenicity of the CNV found, we modelled the disease in patient craniofacial progenitor cells, including induced pluripotent cell (iPSC)-derived neural crest and mesenchymal cells. Results This study highlights a fourth locus causative of ARCND, represented by a tandem duplication of 430 kb in a candidate region on chromosome 7 defined by linkage analysis. This duplication segregates with the disease in the family (LOD score=2.88) and includes HDAC9, which is located over 200 kb telomeric to the top candidate gene TWIST1. Notably, Capture-C analysis revealed multiple cis interactions between the TWIST1 promoter and possible regulatory elements within the duplicated region. Modelling of the disease revealed an increased expression of HDAC9 and its neighbouring gene, TWIST1, in neural crest cells. We also identified decreased migration of iPSC-derived neural crest cells together with dysregulation of osteogenic differentiation in iPSC-affected mesenchymal stem cells. Conclusion Our findings support the hypothesis that the 430 kb duplication is causative of the ARCND phenotype in this family and that deregulation of TWIST1 expression during craniofacial development can contribute to the phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yan Zhou
- Clinical Genetics Group, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Cibele Masotti
- Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Universidade de São Paulo Instituto de Biociências, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Molecular Oncology Center, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Suzana Ezquina
- Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Universidade de São Paulo Instituto de Biociências, Sao Paulo, Brazil.,Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Danielle de Paula Moreira
- Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Universidade de São Paulo Instituto de Biociências, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Henk Buermans
- Leiden Genome Technology Center, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Renato S Freitas
- Centro de Atendimento Integral ao Fissurado Lábio Palatal, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Johan T Den Dunnen
- Leiden Genome Technology Center, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Stephen R F Twigg
- Clinical Genetics Group, MRC Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Maria Rita Passos-Bueno
- Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Universidade de São Paulo Instituto de Biociências, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Liang H, Dong J, Cheng Z, Li Q, Feng D, Ling B. B-cell receptor-associated protein 31 promotes migration and invasion in ovarian cancer cells. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:858. [PMID: 34178131 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
B cell receptor associated protein 31 (BAP31) is a member of the B cell receptor that functions as a transporter for numerous types of newly formed proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus. Previous studies found that that BAP31 serves an important role in the pathogenesis of malignancy but its specific effect on ovarian cancer is not clear. The present study aimed to investigate whether BAP31 affects ovarian cancer and its underlying mechanism. In the present study, ovarian cancer tissue, human ovarian normal epithelial cell line IOSE80 and five ovarian cancer cell lines (A2780, Hey-T30, COC1, SKOV3 and OVCAR3) underwent reverse transcription-quantitative PCR, western blotting, Cell Counting Kit-8, Transwell and co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) assay and transcriptome sequencing. Previous studies showed that compared with healthy tissues, the expression level of BAP31 protein was found to be significantly higher in various types of cancer tissues, implying that BAP31 may serve an important role in the pathogenesis of cancer. The present study found that BAP31 expression was upregulated in five ovarian cancer cell lines and ovarian cancer tissue, such that BAP31 knockdown [performed using two short hairpin (sh)RNA plasmids] decreased proliferation, invasion and migration. In addition, BAP31 knockdown was found to downregulate the expression of N-cadherin and upregulate the expression of E-cadherin on transcriptional level by controlling the nuclear aggregation of TWIST1, a transcriptional regulator of N-cadherin and E-cadherin. There was no interaction between BAP31 and E-cadherin or N-cadherin using Co-IP detection, while BAP31, E-cadherin and N-cadherin interacted with TWIST1 protein. E-cadherin and N-cadherin expression levels recovered when TWIST1 was overexpressed in the shBCAP31 cells. These results suggest that BAP31 can regulate the migration and invasion of ovarian cancer cells through the epithelial-mesenchymal transition pathway at the transcriptional level, which may be beneficial for the identification of potentially novel targets for ovarian cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Liang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Jiqiao Dong
- GeneX Health Life Co., Ltd., Beijing 100195, P.R. China
| | - Ziyan Cheng
- The Experimental High School Attached To Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100032, P.R. China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Dingqing Feng
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
| | - Bin Ling
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, P.R. China
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9
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Twist activates miR-22 to suppress estrogen receptor alpha in breast cancer. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:2295-2306. [PMID: 33582945 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04065-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
TWIST1 (Twist) is a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor that is overexpressed in many cancers and promotes tumor cell invasion, metastasis, and recurrence. In this study, we demonstrate that Twist upregulates expression of microRNA 22 (miR-22) which, in turn, downregulates estrogen receptor alpha (ER) expression in breast cancer. Initial analysis of miR-22 and Twist expression in a panel of breast cancer cell lines showed a direct correlation between Twist and miR-22 levels with miR-22 being highly expressed in ER negative cell lines. Overexpressing Twist caused increased miR-22 levels while downregulating it led to decreased miR-22 expression. To characterize the upstream promoter region of miR-22, we utilized rapid amplification of cDNA ends and identified the transcription start site and the putative promoter region of miR-22. Mechanistically, we determined that Twist, in combination with HDAC1 and DNMT3B, transcriptionally upregulates miR-22 expression by binding to E-boxes in the proximal miR-22 promoter. We also established that miR-22 causes an increase in growth in 3D but not 2D cultures. Importantly, we observed a direct correlation between increased breast cancer grade and Twist and miR-22 expression. We also identified two potential miR-22 binding sites in the 3'-UTR region of ER and confirmed by promoter assays that miR-22 regulates ER expression by binding to both target sites. These results reveal a novel pathway of ER suppression by Twist through miR-22 activation that could potentially promote the ER negative phenotype in breast cancers.
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10
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Transcriptional activators YAP/TAZ and AXL orchestrate dedifferentiation, cell fate, and metastasis in human osteosarcoma. Cancer Gene Ther 2021; 28:1325-1338. [PMID: 33408328 PMCID: PMC8636268 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-020-00281-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a molecularly heterogeneous, aggressive, poorly differentiated pediatric bone cancer that frequently spreads to the lung. Relatively little is known about phenotypic and epigenetic changes that promote lung metastases. To identify key drivers of metastasis, we studied human CCH-OS-D OS cells within a previously described rat acellular lung (ACL) model that preserves the native lung architecture, extracellular matrix, and capillary network. This system identified a subset of cells—termed derived circulating tumor cells (dCTCs)—that can migrate, intravasate, and spread within a bioreactor-perfused capillary network. Remarkably, dCTCs highly expressed epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-associated transcription factors (EMT-TFs), such as ZEB1, TWIST, and SOX9, which suggests that they undergo cellular reprogramming toward a less differentiated state by coopting the same epigenetic machinery used by carcinomas. Since YAP/TAZ and AXL tightly regulate the fate and plasticity of normal mesenchymal cells in response to microenvironmental cues, we explored whether these proteins contributed to OS metastatic potential using an isogenic pair of human OS cell lines that differ in AXL expression. We show that AXL inhibition significantly reduced the number of MG63.2 pulmonary metastases in murine models. Collectively, we present a laboratory-based method to detect and characterize a pure population of dCTCs, which provides a unique opportunity to study how OS cell fate and differentiation contributes to metastatic potential. Though the important step of clinical validation remains, our identification of AXL, ZEB1, and TWIST upregulation raises the tantalizing prospect that EMT-TF-directed therapies might expand the arsenal of therapies used to combat advanced-stage OS.
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11
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Dhanasekaran R, Baylot V, Kim M, Kuruvilla S, Bellovin DI, Adeniji N, Rajan Kd A, Lai I, Gabay M, Tong L, Krishnan M, Park J, Hu T, Barbhuiya MA, Gentles AJ, Kannan K, Tran PT, Felsher DW. MYC and Twist1 cooperate to drive metastasis by eliciting crosstalk between cancer and innate immunity. eLife 2020; 9:50731. [PMID: 31933479 PMCID: PMC6959993 DOI: 10.7554/elife.50731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is a major cause of cancer mortality. We generated an autochthonous transgenic mouse model whereby conditional expression of MYC and Twist1 enables hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) to metastasize in >90% of mice. MYC and Twist1 cooperate and their sustained expression is required to elicit a transcriptional program associated with the activation of innate immunity, through secretion of a cytokinome that elicits recruitment and polarization of tumor associated macrophages (TAMs). Systemic treatment with Ccl2 and Il13 induced MYC-HCCs to metastasize; whereas, blockade of Ccl2 and Il13 abrogated MYC/Twist1-HCC metastasis. Further, in 33 human cancers (n = 9502) MYC and TWIST1 predict poor survival (p=4.3×10−10), CCL2/IL13 expression (p<10−109) and TAM infiltration (p<10−96). Finally, in the plasma of patients with HCC (n = 25) but not cirrhosis (n = 10), CCL2 and IL13 were increased and IL13 predicted invasive tumors. Therefore, MYC and TWIST1 generally appear to cooperate in human cancer to elicit a cytokinome that enables metastasis through crosstalk between cancer and immune microenvironment. Cancer develops when cells in the body gain mutations that allow them to grow and divide rapidly and uncontrollably. As the disease progresses these cancer cells develop the ability to spread around the body. This process of spreading, called metastasis, is responsible for most cancer-related deaths in humans, but no current treatments target it. Mutations that increase the levels of two proteins known as MYC and TWIST1 in cells cause many human cancers. In healthy adult cells, normal levels of MYC and TWIST1 act as key regulators that switch thousands of genes on or off. TWIST1 is known to control the movement and spread of cells in the embryo. However, it is not known how MYC and TWIST1 work together to promote the metastasis of cancer cells. To address this question, Dhanasekaran, Baylot et al. used mice to investigate the roles of MYC and TWIST1 in the metastasis of cancer cells. The experiments showed that these two proteins work together to reprogram mouse cancer cells to release signal molecules known as cytokines. These molecules convert immune cells known as macrophages to a tumor-friendly state that allows cancers cells to spread around the body. Inhibiting two cytokines known as CCL2 and IL13 prevented the cancer cells from moving. Further experiments analyzed tumor samples from around 10,000 human patients with 33 different cancers. This revealed that patients that had higher levels of MYC and TWIST1 proteins in their tumors also had increased levels of CCL2 and IL13, more activated macrophages and were less likely to recover from their cancer. The findings of Dhanasekaran, Baylot et al. suggest that MYC and TWIST1 may instigate metastasis in many human cancers, and therapies targeting specific cytokines may prevent these cancers from spreading around the body. Furthermore, screening blood for the levels of cytokines may help to identify the cancer patients who would benefit from such therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renumathy Dhanasekaran
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University, Stanford, United States
| | - Virginie Baylot
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, United States.,Division of Oncology, Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, United States
| | - Minsoon Kim
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, United States.,Division of Oncology, Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, United States
| | - Sibu Kuruvilla
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, United States.,Division of Oncology, Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, United States
| | - David I Bellovin
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, United States.,Division of Oncology, Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, United States
| | - Nia Adeniji
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, United States.,Division of Oncology, Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, United States
| | - Anand Rajan Kd
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, United States
| | - Ian Lai
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, United States.,Division of Oncology, Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, United States
| | - Meital Gabay
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, United States.,Division of Oncology, Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, United States
| | - Ling Tong
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, United States.,Division of Oncology, Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, United States
| | - Maya Krishnan
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, United States.,Division of Oncology, Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, United States
| | - Jangho Park
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, United States.,Division of Oncology, Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, United States
| | - Theodore Hu
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, United States.,Division of Oncology, Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, United States
| | - Mustafa A Barbhuiya
- Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States.,The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States.,The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States.,Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Andrew J Gentles
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Informatics), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States.,Department of Biomedical Data Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, United States
| | - Kasthuri Kannan
- Department of Pathology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, United States.,Genome Technology Center, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, United States
| | - Phuoc T Tran
- Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States.,The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States.,The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States.,Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Dean W Felsher
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, United States.,Division of Oncology, Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, United States
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12
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Wang D, Gilbert JR, Zhang X, Zhao B, Ker DFE, Cooper GM. Calvarial Versus Long Bone: Implications for Tailoring Skeletal Tissue Engineering. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2019; 26:46-63. [PMID: 31588853 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2018.0353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Tissue-engineered graft substitutes have shown great potential to treat large bone defects. While we usually assume that therapeutic approaches developed for appendicular bone healing could be similarly translated for application in craniofacial reconstruction and vice versa, this is not necessarily accurate. In addition to those more well-known healing-associated factors, such as age, lifestyle (e.g., nutrition and smoking), preexisting disease (e.g., diabetes), medication, and poor blood supply, the developmental origins and surrounding tissue of the wound sites can largely affect the fracture healing outcome as well as designed treatments. Therefore, the strategies developed for long bone fracture repair might not be suitable or directly applicable to skull bone repair. In this review, we discuss aspects of development, healing process, structure, and tissue engineering considerations between calvarial and long bones to assist in designing the tailored bone repair strategies. Impact Statement We summarized, in this review, the existing body of knowledge between long bone and calvarial bone with regard to their development and healing, tissue structure, and consideration of current tissue engineering strategies. By highlighting their similarities and differences, we propose that tailored tissue engineering strategies, such as scaffold features, growth factor usage, and the source of cells for tissue or region-specific bone repair, are necessary to ensure an optimized healing outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - James R Gilbert
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Xu Zhang
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bingkun Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, China.,Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Dai Fei Elmer Ker
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gregory M Cooper
- Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Oral Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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13
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The Structure of the Periostin Gene, Its Transcriptional Control and Alternative Splicing, and Protein Expression. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1132:7-20. [PMID: 31037620 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-6657-4_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Although many studies have described the role of periostin in various diseases, the functions of periostin derived from alternative splicing and proteinase cleavage at its C-terminus remain unknown. Further experiments investigating the periostin structures that are relevant to diseases are essential for an in-depth understanding of their functions, which would accelerate their clinical applications by establishing new approaches for curing intractable diseases. Furthermore, this understanding would enhance our knowledge of novel functions of periostin related to stemness and response to mechanical stress .
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14
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Twist1 Suppresses Cementoblast Differentiation. Dent J (Basel) 2018; 6:dj6040057. [PMID: 30336637 PMCID: PMC6313437 DOI: 10.3390/dj6040057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor Twist1 is known to be closely associated with the formation of bone by mesenchymal stem cells and osteoblasts; however, the role of Twist1 in cementogenesis has not yet been determined. This study was undertaken to elucidate the roles of Twist1 in cementoblast differentiation by means of the gain- or loss-of-function method. We used alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and alizarin red S staining and quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) to determine whether the forced transient expression or knock-down of Twist1 in a mouse cementoblast cell line, OCCM-30, could affect cementogenic differentiation. Silencing Twist1 with small interference RNA (siRNA) enhanced the formation of mineralized tissue. The expression of several cementogenesis markers, such as bone sialoprotein (BSP), osteopontin (OPN), dentin matrix protein1 (DMP1), and dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) mRNA, were upregulated. Transient Twist1 overexpression in OCCM-30 consistently suppressed mineralization capacity and downregulated the differentiation markers. These results suggest that the Twist1 transcription factor may play a role in regulating cementoblast differentiation.
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15
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Yeo SY, Lee KW, Shin D, An S, Cho KH, Kim SH. A positive feedback loop bi-stably activates fibroblasts. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3016. [PMID: 30069061 PMCID: PMC6070563 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05274-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Although fibroblasts are dormant in normal tissue, they exhibit explosive activation during wound healing and perpetual activation in pathologic fibrosis and cancer stroma. The key regulatory network controlling these fibroblast dynamics is still unknown. Here, we report that Twist1, a key regulator of cancer-associated fibroblasts, directly upregulates Prrx1, which, in turn, increases the expression of Tenascin-C (TNC). TNC also increases Twist1 expression, consequently forming a Twist1-Prrx1-TNC positive feedback loop (PFL). Systems biology studies reveal that the Twist1-Prrx1-TNC PFL can function as a bistable ON/OFF switch and regulates fibroblast activation. This PFL can be irreversibly activated under pathologic conditions, leading to perpetual fibroblast activation. Sustained activation of the Twist1-Prrx1-TNC PFL reproduces fibrotic nodules similar to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in vivo and is implicated in fibrotic disease and cancer stroma. Considering that this PFL is specific to activated fibroblasts, Twist1-Prrx1-TNC PFL may be a fibroblast-specific therapeutic target to deprogram perpetually activated fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Young Yeo
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun-Woo Lee
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongkwan Shin
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sugyun An
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Hyun Cho
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seok-Hyung Kim
- Department of Health Science and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, 06351, Republic of Korea. .,Single Cell Network Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwona, Gyeonggi-do, 16419, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Schmidt L, Taiyab A, Melvin VS, Jones KL, Williams T. Increased FGF8 signaling promotes chondrogenic rather than osteogenic development in the embryonic skull. Dis Model Mech 2018; 11:dmm031526. [PMID: 29752281 PMCID: PMC6031357 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.031526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The bones of the cranial vault are formed directly from mesenchymal cells through intramembranous ossification rather than via a cartilage intermediate. Formation and growth of the skull bones involves the interaction of multiple cell-cell signaling pathways, with fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) and their receptors exerting a prominent influence. Mutations within the FGF signaling pathway are the most frequent cause of craniosynostosis, which is a common human craniofacial developmental abnormality characterized by the premature fusion of the cranial sutures. Here, we have developed new mouse models to investigate how different levels of increased FGF signaling can affect the formation of the calvarial bones and associated sutures. Whereas moderate Fgf8 overexpression resulted in delayed ossification followed by craniosynostosis of the coronal suture, higher Fgf8 levels promoted a loss of ossification and favored cartilage over bone formation across the skull. By contrast, endochondral bones were still able to form and ossify in the presence of increased levels of Fgf8, although the growth and mineralization of these bones were affected to varying extents. Expression analysis demonstrated that abnormal skull chondrogenesis was accompanied by changes in the genes required for Wnt signaling. Moreover, further analysis indicated that the pathology was associated with decreased Wnt signaling, as the reduction in ossification could be partially rescued by halving Axin2 gene dosage. Taken together, these findings indicate that mesenchymal cells of the skull are not fated to form bone, but can be forced into a chondrogenic fate through the manipulation of FGF8 signaling. These results have implications for evolution of the different methods of ossification as well as for therapeutic intervention in craniosynostosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linnea Schmidt
- Program of Reproductive Sciences and Integrated Physiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Aftab Taiyab
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Vida Senkus Melvin
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Kenneth L Jones
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Trevor Williams
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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17
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Abstract
Background Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common chronic disorder of joints; however, the key genes and transcription factors (TFs) associated with OA are still unclear. Through bioinformatics tools, the study aimed to understand the mechanism of genes associated with the development of OA. Methods Four gene expression profiling datasets were used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between OA and healthy control samples by a meta-analysis. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses were performed with Multifaceted Analysis Tool for Human Transcriptome (MATHT). Subsequently, a protein–protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed for these DEGs. Significant network modules were identified using ReactomeFIViz, and the pathway of each module was enriched using MATHT. In addition, TFs in the DEGs were identified. Results In total, 690 DEGs were identified between OA and healthy control samples, including 449 upregulated and 241 downregulated DEGs. Additionally, 622 nodes and 2752 interactions constituted the PPI network, including 401 upregulated and 221 downregulated DEGs. Among them, FOS, TWIST1, POU2F1, SMARCA4, and CREBBP were also identified as TFs. RT-PCR results showed that the expression levels of Fos, Twist1, Pou2f1, Smarca4, and Crebbp decreased in mice with OA. In addition, FOS, TWIST1, SMARCA4, and CREBBP were involved in the positive regulation of transcription from the RNA polymerase II promoter. Conclusions TWIST1, POU2F1, SMARCA4, and CREBBP may play an important role in OA pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglai Tian
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 16369 Jingshi Road, Lixia District, Jinan City, Shandong, 250014, China.
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18
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Kudo A. Introductory review: periostin-gene and protein structure. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:4259-4268. [PMID: 28884327 PMCID: PMC11107487 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2643-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Although many studies have described the role of periostin in various diseases, the function of the periostin protein structures derived from alternative splicing and proteinase cleavage at the C-terminal remain unknown. Further experiments revealing the protein structures that are highly related to diseases are essential to understand the function of periostin in depth, which would accelerate its clinical application by establishing new approaches for curing intractable diseases. Furthermore, this understanding would enhance our knowledge of novel functions of periostin related to stemness and response to mechanical stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Kudo
- International Frontier, Tokyo Institute of Technology, S3-8, 2-12-1 Oookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan.
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Tokyo, 142-8555, Japan.
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19
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Guo J, Cai H, Liu X, Zheng J, Liu Y, Gong W, Chen J, Xi Z, Xue Y. Long Non-coding RNA LINC00339 Stimulates Glioma Vasculogenic Mimicry Formation by Regulating the miR-539-5p/TWIST1/MMPs Axis. MOLECULAR THERAPY-NUCLEIC ACIDS 2017; 10:170-186. [PMID: 29499931 PMCID: PMC5751969 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2017.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Glioma is recognized as a highly angiogenic malignant brain tumor. Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) greatly restricts the therapeutic effect of anti-angiogenic tumor therapy for glioma patients. However, the molecular mechanisms of VM formation in glioma remain unclear. Here, we demonstrated that LINC00339 was upregulated in glioma tissue as well as in glioma cell lines. The expression of LINC00339 in glioma tissues was positively correlated with glioma VM formation. Knockdown of LINC00339 inhibited glioma cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and tube formation, meanwhile downregulating the expression of VM-related molecular MMP-2 and MMP-14. Furthermore, knockdown of LINC00339 significantly increased the expression of miR-539-5p. Both bioinformatics and luciferase reporter assay revealed that LINC00339 regulated the above effects via binding to miR-539-5p. Besides, overexpression of miR-539-5p resulted in decreased expression of TWIST1, a transcription factor known to play an oncogenic role in glioma and identified as a direct target of miR-539-5p. TWIST1 upregulated the promoter activities of MMP-2 and MMP-14. The in vivo study showed that nude mice carrying tumors with knockdown of LINC00339 and overexpression of miR-539-5p exhibited the smallest tumor volume through inhibiting VM formation. In conclusion, LINC00339 may be used as a novel therapeutic target for VM formation in glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqing Guo
- Department of Neurobiology, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health of China, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of China, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Heng Cai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China; Liaoning Research Center for Translational Medicine in Nervous System Disease, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobai Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China; Liaoning Research Center for Translational Medicine in Nervous System Disease, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China; Liaoning Research Center for Translational Medicine in Nervous System Disease, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunhui Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China; Liaoning Research Center for Translational Medicine in Nervous System Disease, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Gong
- Department of Neurobiology, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health of China, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of China, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiajia Chen
- Department of Neurobiology, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health of China, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of China, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuo Xi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China; Liaoning Research Center for Translational Medicine in Nervous System Disease, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yixue Xue
- Department of Neurobiology, College of Basic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health of China, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education of China, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China.
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20
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Abstract
Craniosynostosis is the premature fusion of the calvarial sutures that is associated with a number of physical and intellectual disabilities spanning from pediatric to adult years. Over the past two decades, techniques in molecular genetics and more recently, advances in high-throughput DNA sequencing have been used to examine the underlying pathogenesis of this disease. To date, mutations in 57 genes have been identified as causing craniosynostosis and the number of newly discovered genes is growing rapidly as a result of the advances in genomic technologies. While contributions from both genetic and environmental factors in this disease are increasingly apparent, there remains a gap in knowledge that bridges the clinical characteristics and genetic markers of craniosynostosis with their signaling pathways and mechanotransduction processes. By linking genotype to phenotype, outlining the role of cell mechanics may further uncover the specific mechanotransduction pathways underlying craniosynostosis. Here, we present a brief overview of the recent findings in craniofacial genetics and cell mechanics, discussing how this information together with animal models is advancing our understanding of craniofacial development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Al-Rekabi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, 3900 E Stevens Way NE, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, 1900 9 Ave, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA
| | - Michael L. Cunningham
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, 1900 9 Ave, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Craniofacial Medicine and the, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St., Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Nathan J. Sniadecki
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Washington, 3900 E Stevens Way NE, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, 3720 15 Ave NE, Seattle WA, 98105, USA
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21
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Kasahara Y, Usumi-Fujita R, Hosomichi J, Kaneko S, Ishida Y, Shibutani N, Shimizu Y, Okito A, Oishi S, Kuma Y, Yamaguchi H, Ono T. Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound reduces periodontal atrophy in occlusal hypofunctional teeth. Angle Orthod 2017; 87:709-716. [PMID: 28463085 DOI: 10.2319/121216-893.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To clarify whether low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) exposure has recovery effects on the hypofunctional periodontal ligament (PDL) and interradicular alveolar bone (IRAB). MATERIALS AND METHODS Twelve-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups (n = 5 each): a normal occlusion (C) group, an occlusal hypofunction (H) group, and an occlusal hypofunction group subjected to LIPUS (HL) treatment. Hypofunctional occlusion of the maxillary first molar (M1) of the H and HL groups was induced by the bite-raising technique. Only the HL group was irradiated with LIPUS for 5 days. The IRAB and PDL of M1 were examined by microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) analysis. To quantify mRNA expression of cytokines involved in PDL proliferation and development, real-time reverse transcription quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) was performed for twist family bHLH transcription factor 1 (Twist1), periostin, and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) in the PDL samples. RESULTS Micro-CT analysis showed that the PDL volume was decreased in the H group compared with that of the C and HL groups. Both bone volume per tissue volume (BV/TV) of IRAB was decreased in the H group compared with that in the C group. LIPUS exposure restored BV/TV in the IRAB of the HL group. qRT-PCR analysis showed that Twist1, periostin, and CTGF mRNA levels were decreased in the H group and increased in the HL group. CONCLUSION LIPUS exposure reduced the atrophic changes of alveolar bone by inducing the upregulation of periostin and CTGF expression to promote PDL healing after induction of occlusal hypofunction.
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22
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Luo Y, Cui Y, Cao X, Li X, Chen A, Zhang J, Chen X, Cao J. 8-Bromo-7-methoxychrysin-blocked STAT3/Twist axis inhibits the stemness of cancer stem cell-like cell originated from SMMC-7721 cells. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2017; 49:458-464. [PMID: 28369327 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmx025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is a member of the family of latent cytoplasmic transcriptional factors that could regulate cell proliferation, survival, and development. It has been reported that Twist is a target gene of STAT3, and STAT3/Twist signaling plays an important role in regulating cancer progress. Here, to explore whether 8-bromo-7-methoxychrysin (BrMC) inhibits liver cancer stem-like cell (LCSLC) properties via disrupting STAT3/Twist signaling, we cultured SMMC-7721 cells in vitro, and evaluated the effects of BrMC on the stemness of spheroids by determining the sphere-forming capability and migration. The sphere formation assay results showed a concentration-dependent decrease of sphere-forming capacity in LCSLCs (P < 0.05) treated with different concentrations of BrMC. Wound-healing assays results demonstrated a concentration-dependent decline in cell migration of LCSLCs treated with different concentrations of BrMC. In addition, CD133, CD44, and ALDH1 levels were decreased in LCSLCs treated with BrMC. Treatment with different concentrations of BrMC also reduced the expressions of p-STAT3 and Twist1 proteins. The effect of BrMC was substantially enhanced by co-treatment with JSI-124, a specific inhibitor of STAT3. Ectopic expression of Twist1 attenuated the inhibitory effects of BrMC on sphere formation, migration, and expression of the markers in LCSLCs. However, it had no affect on p-STAT3 expression in LCSLCs. These results demonstrated that BrMC inhibits the stemness of LCSLCs originated from SMMC-7721 cell line by inhibiting STAT3/Twist signal axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimin Luo
- Cancer Institute, Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang 421001, China
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular & Molecular Pathology, University of South China, engyang 421001, China
- Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drug Study, Hengyang, 421001, China
| | - Yinghong Cui
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha410013, China
| | - Xiaocheng Cao
- Laboratory of Molecular and Statistical Genetics, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha410013, China
| | - A Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha410013, China
| | - Jiansong Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha410013, China
| | - Xiangding Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular and Statistical Genetics, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Jianguo Cao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha410013, China
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23
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Hasei J, Teramura T, Takehara T, Onodera Y, Horii T, Olmer M, Hatada I, Fukuda K, Ozaki T, Lotz MK, Asahara H. TWIST1 induces MMP3 expression through up-regulating DNA hydroxymethylation and promotes catabolic responses in human chondrocytes. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42990. [PMID: 28220902 PMCID: PMC5318945 DOI: 10.1038/srep42990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective was to investigate the levels of TWIST1 in normal and OA cartilage and examine its role in regulating gene expression in chondrocytes. Human cartilage tissues and chondrocytes were obtained at autopsy from normal knee joints and from OA-affected joints at the time of total knee arthroplasty. TWIST1 expression was increased in human OA knee cartilage compared to normal knee cartilage. TWIST1 induced matrix metalloproteinase 3 (MMP3) expression without direct binding to MMP3 promoter and increased the 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) level at the MMP3 promoter. The effect of TWIST1 on expression of TET family (TET1, 2 and 3) was measured in stable TWIST1 transfected TC28 cells, and TET1 expression was up-regulated. TWIST1 dependent upregulation of Mmp3 expression was suppressed in Tet triple KO fibroblast derived from mouse ES cells. Increased TWIST1 expression is a feature of OA-affected cartilage. We identified a novel mechanism of catabolic reaction where TWIST1 up-regulates MMP3 expression by enriching 5hmC levels at the MMP3 promoter via TET1 induction. These findings implicate TWIST1 as an important factor regulating OA related gene expression. Clarifying epigenetic mechanisms of 5hmC induced by TWIST1 is a critical molecule to understanding OA pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe Hasei
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Takeshi Teramura
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Division of Cell Biology for Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Advanced Clinical Medicine, Kindai University, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Takehara
- Division of Cell Biology for Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Advanced Clinical Medicine, Kindai University, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuta Onodera
- Division of Cell Biology for Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Advanced Clinical Medicine, Kindai University, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takuro Horii
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Merissa Olmer
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Izuho Hatada
- Laboratory of Genome Science, Biosignal Genome Resource Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Kanji Fukuda
- Division of Cell Biology for Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Advanced Clinical Medicine, Kindai University, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kindai University, Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Ozaki
- Science of Functional Recovery and Reconstruction, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Martin K. Lotz
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Hiroshi Asahara
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Systems BioMedicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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24
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Middelkamp S, van Heesch S, Braat AK, de Ligt J, van Iterson M, Simonis M, van Roosmalen MJ, Kelder MJE, Kruisselbrink E, Hochstenbach R, Verbeek NE, Ippel EF, Adolfs Y, Pasterkamp RJ, Kloosterman WP, Kuijk EW, Cuppen E. Molecular dissection of germline chromothripsis in a developmental context using patient-derived iPS cells. Genome Med 2017; 9:9. [PMID: 28126037 PMCID: PMC5270341 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-017-0399-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Germline chromothripsis causes complex genomic rearrangements that are likely to affect multiple genes and their regulatory contexts. The contribution of individual rearrangements and affected genes to the phenotypes of patients with complex germline genomic rearrangements is generally unknown. Methods To dissect the impact of germline chromothripsis in a relevant developmental context, we performed trio-based RNA expression analysis on blood cells, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and iPSC-derived neuronal cells from a patient with de novo germline chromothripsis and both healthy parents. In addition, Hi-C and 4C-seq experiments were performed to determine the effects of the genomic rearrangements on transcription regulation of genes in the proximity of the breakpoint junctions. Results Sixty-seven genes are located within 1 Mb of the complex chromothripsis rearrangements involving 17 breakpoints on four chromosomes. We find that three of these genes (FOXP1, DPYD, and TWIST1) are both associated with developmental disorders and differentially expressed in the patient. Interestingly, the effect on TWIST1 expression was exclusively detectable in the patient’s iPSC-derived neuronal cells, stressing the need for studying developmental disorders in the biologically relevant context. Chromosome conformation capture analyses show that TWIST1 lost genomic interactions with several enhancers due to the chromothripsis event, which likely led to deregulation of TWIST1 expression and contributed to the patient’s craniosynostosis phenotype. Conclusions We demonstrate that a combination of patient-derived iPSC differentiation and trio-based molecular profiling is a powerful approach to improve the interpretation of pathogenic complex genomic rearrangements. Here we have applied this approach to identify misexpression of TWIST1, FOXP1, and DPYD as key contributors to the complex congenital phenotype resulting from germline chromothripsis rearrangements. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13073-017-0399-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sjors Middelkamp
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Division Biomedical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, Utrecht, 3584CG, The Netherlands
| | - Sebastiaan van Heesch
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Division Biomedical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, Utrecht, 3584CG, The Netherlands.,Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine (MDC) in the Helmholtz Association, Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, Berlin, 13125, Germany
| | - A Koen Braat
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine and Regenerative Medicine Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Uppsalalaan 6, Utrecht, 3584CT, The Netherlands
| | - Joep de Ligt
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Division Biomedical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, Utrecht, 3584CG, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten van Iterson
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, Leiden, 2333ZC, The Netherlands
| | - Marieke Simonis
- Cergentis B.V., Yalelaan 62, Utrecht, 3584CM, The Netherlands
| | - Markus J van Roosmalen
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Division Biomedical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, Utrecht, 3584CG, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn J E Kelder
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Evelien Kruisselbrink
- Department of Pediatric Pulmonology & Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre, Lundlaan 6, Utrecht, 3584EA, The Netherlands
| | - Ron Hochstenbach
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Division Biomedical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, Utrecht, 3584CG, The Netherlands
| | - Nienke E Verbeek
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Lundlaan 6, Utrecht, 3584EA, The Netherlands
| | - Elly F Ippel
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Lundlaan 6, Utrecht, 3584EA, The Netherlands
| | - Youri Adolfs
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, Utrecht, 3584CG, The Netherlands
| | - R Jeroen Pasterkamp
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, Utrecht, 3584CG, The Netherlands
| | - Wigard P Kloosterman
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Division Biomedical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, Utrecht, 3584CG, The Netherlands
| | - Ewart W Kuijk
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Division Biomedical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, Utrecht, 3584CG, The Netherlands.
| | - Edwin Cuppen
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Division Biomedical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, Utrecht, 3584CG, The Netherlands.
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25
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Camp E, Anderson PJ, Zannettino ACW, Gronthos S. Tyrosine kinase receptor c-ros-oncogene 1 mediates TWIST-1 regulation of human mesenchymal stem cell lineage commitment. Bone 2017; 94:98-107. [PMID: 27669657 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2016.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The TWIST-1 gene encodes a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor important in mediating skeletal and head mesodermal tissue development. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (BMSC), express high levels of TWIST-1, which is down regulated during ex vivo expansion. Cultured BMSC over-expressing TWIST-1 display decreased capacity for osteogenic differentiation and an enhanced capacity to undergo adipogenesis, suggesting that TWIST-1 is a mediator of lineage commitment. However, little is known regarding the mechanism(s) by which TWIST-1 mediates cell fate determination. In this study, microarray analysis was used to identify a novel downstream TWIST-1 target, tyrosine kinase receptor c-ros-oncogene 1 (C-ROS-1), which was down regulated in TWIST-1 over-expressing BMSC. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis showed that TWIST-1 directly bound to two E-box binding sites on the proximal C-ROS-1 promoter. Knock-down of C-ROS-1 in human BMSC and cranial bone cells resulted in a decreased capacity for osteogenic differentiation in vitro. Conversely, suppression of C-ROS-1 in BMSC resulted in an enhanced capacity to undergo adipogenesis. Furthermore, reduced C-ROS-1 levels led to activation of different components of the PI3K/AKT/mTORC1 signalling pathway during osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation. Collectively, these data suggest that C-ROS-1 is involved in BMSC fate switching between osteogenesis and adipogenesis, mediated via PI3K/AKT/mTORC1 signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Camp
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Laboratory, Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Cancer Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Peter J Anderson
- Australian Craniofacial Unit, Women's and Children's Hospital, North Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Andrew C W Zannettino
- Cancer Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Myeloma Research Laboratory, Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Stan Gronthos
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Laboratory, Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Cancer Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
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Craniosynostosis: A multidisciplinary approach based on medical, social and demographic factors in a developing country. REVISTA MÉDICA DEL HOSPITAL GENERAL DE MÉXICO 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hgmx.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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27
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Rodriguez Y, Gonzalez-Mendez RR, Cadilla CL. Evolution of the Twist Subfamily Vertebrate Proteins: Discovery of a Signature Motif and Origin of the Twist1 Glycine-Rich Motifs in the Amino-Terminus Disordered Domain. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161029. [PMID: 27556926 PMCID: PMC4996418 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Twist proteins belong to the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) family of multifunctional transcriptional factors. These factors are known to use domains other than the common bHLH in protein-protein interactions. There has been much work characterizing the bHLH domain and the C-terminus in protein-protein interactions but despite a few attempts more focus is needed at the N-terminus. Since the region of highest diversity in Twist proteins is the N-terminus, we analyzed the conservation of this region in different vertebrate Twist proteins and study the sequence differences between Twist1 and Twist2 with emphasis on the glycine-rich regions found in Twist1. We found a highly conserved sequence motif in all Twist1 (SSSPVSPADDSLSNSEEE) and Twist2 (SSSPVSPVDSLGTSEEE) mammalian species with unknown function. Through sequence comparison we demonstrate that the Twist protein family ancestor was “Twist2-like” and the two glycine-rich regions found in Twist1 sequences were acquired late in evolution, apparently not at the same time. The second glycine-rich region started developing first in the fish vertebrate group, while the first glycine region arose afterwards within the reptiles. Disordered domain and secondary structure predictions showed that the amino acid sequence and disorder feature found at the N-terminus is highly evolutionary conserved and could be a functional site that interacts with other proteins. Detailed examination of the glycine-rich regions in the N-terminus of Twist1 demonstrate that the first region is completely aliphatic while the second region contains some polar residues that could be subject to post-translational modification. Phylogenetic and sequence space analysis showed that the Twist1 subfamily is the result of a gene duplication during Twist2 vertebrate fish evolution, and has undergone more evolutionary drift than Twist2. We identified a new signature motif that is characteristic of each Twist paralog and identified important residues within this motif that can be used to distinguish between these two paralogs, which will help reduce Twist1 and Twist2 sequence annotation errors in public databases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yacidzohara Rodriguez
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico, United States of America
| | - Ricardo R. Gonzalez-Mendez
- Department of Radiological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico, United States of America
| | - Carmen L. Cadilla
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan, Puerto Rico, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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28
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Zhang HJ, Tao J, Sheng L, Hu X, Rong RM, Xu M, Zhu TY. RETRACTED: Twist2 promotes kidney cancer cell proliferation and invasion via regulating ITGA6 and CD44 expression in the ECM-Receptor-Interaction pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 81:453-459. [PMID: 27261625 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.02.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Twist2 is a member of the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) family and plays a critical role in tumorigenesis. Growing evidence proves that Twist2 involves in tumor progression; however, the role of Twist2 in human kidney cancer and its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. RT-PCR and Western blot analysis were used to detect the expression of Twist2 in kidney cancer cells and tissues. Cell proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis, migration and invasion assay was measured by the Cell Count Kit-8 (CCK8), flow cytometry, wound healing and transwell analysis, respectively. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was used to identify correlation of Twist2 with ECM-Receptor-Interaction pathway. In this report, we show that Twist2 up-regulated in human kidney cancer tissues compared with normal kidney tissues. Twist2 promotes cell proliferation, inhibits cell apoptosis, augments cell migration and invasion in human kidney cancer-derived cell in vitro, and promotes tumor growth in vivo. Moreover, we found that knockdown of Twist2 decreased the levels of ITGA6 and CD44 which contribute to cell migration and invasion correlated with ECM-Receptor-Interaction pathway. This result indicates Twist2 may promote migration and invasion of kidney cancer cells by regulating ITGA6 and CD44 expression. Therefore, our data demonstrated that Twist2 involves in kidney cancer progression. The identification of the role Twist2 on the migration and invasion of kidney cancer provides a potential appropriate treatment after radical nephrectomy to get a better prognosis that reducing recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Jie Zhang
- Department of Urology, Fudan University, Huadong Hospital, Shanghai 200040, China; Department of Urology, Fudan University, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jing Tao
- Department of Urology, Fudan University, Huadong Hospital, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Lu Sheng
- Department of Urology, Fudan University, Huadong Hospital, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Xin Hu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Rui-Ming Rong
- Department of Urology, Fudan University, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ming Xu
- Department of Urology, Fudan University, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Tong-Yu Zhu
- Department of Urology, Fudan University, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai 200032, China
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29
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Inhibiting DNA methylation switches adipogenesis to osteoblastogenesis by activating Wnt10a. Sci Rep 2016; 6:25283. [PMID: 27136753 PMCID: PMC4853709 DOI: 10.1038/srep25283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Both adipocytes and osteoblasts share the mesodermal lineage that derives from mesenchymal stem cells. Most studies investigating the mechanisms underlying the regulation of adipogenic or osteoblastogenic development focus on transcriptional pathways; little is known about the epigenetic mechanisms in this process. We thus determined the role of 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine (5-Aza-dC), an inhibitor of DNA methylation, in the lineage determination between adipogenesis and osteoblastogenesis. Inhibiting DNA methylation in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes by 5-Aza-dC significantly inhibited adipogenesis whereas promoted osteoblastogenesis. This dual effect of 5-Aza-dC was associated with up-regulation of Wnt10a, a key factor determining the fate of the mesenchymal lineage towards osteoblasts. Consistently, IWP-2, an inhibitor of Wnt proteins, was found to prevent the anti-adipogenic effect of 5-Aza-dC in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and block the osteoblastogenic effect of 5-Aza-dC in ST2 mesenchymal stem cell line. Finally, the Wnt10a 5′-region is enriched with CpG sites, whose methylation levels were markedly reduced by 5-Aza-dC. Thus we conclude that inhibiting DNA methylation by 5-Aza-dC mutual-exclusively regulates the lineage determination of adipogenesis and osteoblastogenesis by demethylating Wnt10a gene and upregulating its expression. Our study defines DNA methylation as a novel mechanism underlying adipocyte and bone cell development.
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30
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Zhang HJ, Tao J, Sheng L, Hu X, Rong RM, Xu M, Zhu TY. Twist2 promotes kidney cancer cell proliferation and invasion by regulating ITGA6 and CD44 expression in the ECM-receptor interaction pathway. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:1801-12. [PMID: 27099513 PMCID: PMC4821395 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s96535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Twist2 is a member of the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) family and plays a critical role in tumorigenesis. Growing evidence has proven that Twist2 is involved in tumor progression; however, the role of Twist2 in human kidney cancer and its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis were used to detect the expression of Twist2 in kidney cancer cells and tissues. Cell proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis, migration, and invasion assay were analyzed using the Cell Count Kit-8, flow cytometry, wound healing, and Transwell analysis, respectively. In this study, we showed that Twist2 was upregulated in human kidney cancer tissues compared with normal kidney tissues. Twist2 promoted cell proliferation, inhibited cell apoptosis, and augmented cell migration and invasion in human kidney-cancer-derived cells in vitro. Twist2 also promoted tumor growth in vivo. Moreover, we found that the knockdown of Twist2 decreased the levels of ITGA6 and CD44 expression. This result indicates that Twist2 may promote migration and invasion of kidney cancer cells by regulating ITGA6 and CD44 expression. Therefore, our data demonstrated that Twist2 is involved in kidney cancer progression. The identification of the role of Twist2 in the migration and invasion of kidney cancer provides a potential appropriate treatment for human kidney cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Jie Zhang
- Department of Urology, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Tao
- Department of Urology, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Sheng
- Department of Urology, Huadong Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Hu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui-Ming Rong
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Xu
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong-Yu Zhu
- Department of Urology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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31
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Osteopontin-A Master Regulator of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition. J Clin Med 2016; 5:jcm5040039. [PMID: 27023622 PMCID: PMC4850462 DOI: 10.3390/jcm5040039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 02/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) plays an important functional role in both physiologic and pathologic states. OPN is implicated in the progression of fibrosis, cancer, and metastatic disease in several organ systems. The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), first described in embryology, is increasingly being recognized as a significant contributor to fibrotic phenotypes and tumor progression. Several well-established transcription factors regulate EMT and are conserved across tissue types and organ systems, including TWIST, zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox (ZEB), and SNAIL-family members. Recent literature points to an important relationship between OPN and EMT, implicating OPN as a key regulatory component of EMT programs. In this review, OPN’s interplay with traditional EMT activators, both directly and indirectly, will be discussed. Also, OPN’s ability to restructure the tissue and tumor microenvironment to indirectly modify EMT will be reviewed. Together, these diverse pathways demonstrate that OPN is able to modulate EMT and provide new targets for directing therapeutics.
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32
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Arthur A, Cakouros D, Cooper L, Nguyen T, Isenmann S, Zannettino ACW, Glackin CA, Gronthos S. Twist-1 Enhances Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Support of Hematopoiesis by Modulating CXCL12 Expression. Stem Cells 2015; 34:504-9. [PMID: 26718114 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Twist-1 encodes a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor, known to contribute to mesodermal and skeletal tissue development. We have reported previously that Twist-1 maintains multipotent human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (BMSC) in an immature state, enhances their life-span, and influences cell fate determination. In this study, human BMSC engineered to express high levels of Twist-1 were found to express elevated levels of the chemokine, CXCL12. Analysis of the CXCL12 proximal promoter using chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis identified several E-box DNA sites bound by Twist-1. Functional studies using a luciferase reporter construct showed that Twist-1 increased CXCL12 promoter activity in a dose dependent manner. Notably, Twist-1 over-expressing BMSC exhibited an enhanced capacity to maintain human CD34 + hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) in long-term culture-initiating cell (LTC-IC) assays. Moreover, the observed increase in HSC maintenance by Twist-1 over-expressing BMSC was blocked in the presence of the CXCL12 inhibitor, AMD3100. Supportive studies, using Twist-1 deficient heterozygous mice demonstrated a significant decrease in the frequency of stromal progenitors and increased numbers of osteoblasts within the bone. These observations correlated to a decreased incidence in the number of clonogenic stromal progenitors (colony forming unit-fibroblasts) and lower levels of CXCL12 in Twist-1 mutant mice. Furthermore, Twist-1 deficient murine stromal feeder layers, exhibited a significant decrease in CXCL12 levels and lower numbers of hematopoietic colonies in LTC-IC assays, compared with wild type controls. These findings demonstrate that Twist-1, which maintains BMSC at an immature state, endows them with an increased capacity for supporting hematopoiesis via direct activation of CXCL12 gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Arthur
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Laboratory, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Department of Haematology, SA Pathology, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Dimitrios Cakouros
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Laboratory, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Lachlan Cooper
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Laboratory, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Thao Nguyen
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Laboratory, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sandra Isenmann
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Laboratory, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Andrew C W Zannettino
- Myeloma Research Laboratory, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Carlotta A Glackin
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, California, USA
| | - Stan Gronthos
- Mesenchymal Stem Cell Laboratory, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Goodnough LH, Dinuoscio GJ, Atit RP. Twist1 contributes to cranial bone initiation and dermal condensation by maintaining Wnt signaling responsiveness. Dev Dyn 2015; 245:144-56. [PMID: 26677825 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Specification of cranial bone and dermal fibroblast progenitors in the supraorbital arch mesenchyme is Wnt/β-catenin signaling-dependent. The mechanism underlying how these cells interpret instructive signaling cues and differentiate into these two lineages is unclear. Twist1 is a target of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and is expressed in cranial bone and dermal lineages. RESULTS Here, we show that onset of Twist1 expression in the mouse cranial mesenchyme is dependent on ectodermal Wnts and mesenchymal β-catenin activity. Conditional deletion of Twist1 in the supraorbital arch mesenchyme leads to cranial bone agenesis and hypoplastic dermis, as well as craniofacial malformation of eyes and palate. Twist1 is preferentially required for cranial bone lineage commitment by maintaining Wnt responsiveness. In the conditional absence of Twist1, the cranial dermis fails to condense and expand apically leading to extensive cranial dermal hypoplasia with few and undifferentiated hair follicles. CONCLUSIONS Thus, Twist1, a target of canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling, also functions to maintain Wnt responsiveness and is a key effector for cranial bone fate selection and dermal condensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Henry Goodnough
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Gregg J Dinuoscio
- Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Radhika P Atit
- Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
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Quarto N, Senarath-Yapa K, Renda A, Longaker MT. TWIST1 silencing enhances in vitro and in vivo osteogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells by triggering activation of BMP-ERK/FGF signaling and TAZ upregulation. Stem Cells 2015; 33:833-47. [PMID: 25446627 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Revised: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) show promise for cellular therapy and regenerative medicine. Human adipose tissue-derived stem cells (hASCs) represent an attractive source of seed cells in bone regeneration. How to effectively improve osteogenic differentiation of hASCs in the bone tissue engineering has become a very important question with profound translational implications. Numerous regulatory pathways dominate osteogenic differentiation of hASCs involving transcriptional factors and signaling molecules. However, how these factors combine with each other to regulate hASCs osteogenic differentiation still remains to be illustrated. The highly conserved developmental proteins TWIST play key roles for transcriptional regulation in mesenchymal cell lineages. This study investigates TWIST1 function in hASCs osteogenesis. Our results show that TWIST1 shRNA silencing increased the osteogenic potential of hASCs in vitro and their skeletal regenerative ability when applied in vivo. We demonstrate that the increased osteogenic capacity observed with TWIST1 knockdown in hASCs is mediated through endogenous activation of BMP and ERK/FGF signaling leading, in turn, to upregulation of TAZ, a transcriptional modulator of MSCs differentiation along the osteoblast lineage. Inhibition either of BMP or ERK/FGF signaling suppressed TAZ upregulation and the enhanced osteogenesis in shTWIST1 hASCs. Cosilencing of both TWIST1 and TAZ abrogated the effect elicited by TWIST1 knockdown thus, identifying TAZ as a downstream mediator through which TWIST1 knockdown enhanced osteogenic differentiation in hASCs. Our functional study contributes to a better knowledge of molecular mechanisms governing the osteogenic ability of hASCs, and highlights TWIST1 as a potential target to facilitate in vivo bone healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalina Quarto
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Stanford University, School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA; Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche Avanzate, Universita' degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italy
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35
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Chen L, Chen R, Kemper S, Charrier A, Brigstock DR. Suppression of fibrogenic signaling in hepatic stellate cells by Twist1-dependent microRNA-214 expression: Role of exosomes in horizontal transfer of Twist1. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2015; 309:G491-9. [PMID: 26229009 PMCID: PMC4572411 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00140.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
A hallmark of liver fibrosis is the activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSC), which results in their production of fibrotic molecules, a process that is largely regulated by connective tissue growth factor (CCN2). CCN2 is increasingly expressed during HSC activation because of diminished expression of microRNA-214 (miR-214), a product of dynamin 3 opposite strand (DNM3os) that directly suppresses CCN2 mRNA. We show that an E-box in the miR-214 promoter binds the basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor, Twist1, which drives miR-214 expression and results in CCN2 suppression. Twist1 expression was suppressed in HSC of fibrotic livers or in cultured HSC undergoing activation in vitro or after treatment with ethanol. Furthermore, Twist1 decreasingly interacted with DNM3os as HSC underwent activation in vitro. Nanovesicular exosomes secreted by quiescent but not activated HSC contained high levels of Twist1, thus reflecting the suppression of cellular Twist1 during HSC activation. Exosomal Twist1 was intercellularly shuttled between HSC and stimulated expression of miR-214 in the recipient cells, causing expression of CCN2 and its downstream effectors to be suppressed. Additionally, the miR-214 E-box in HSC was also regulated by hepatocyte-derived exosomes, showing that functional transfer of exosomal Twist1 occurs between different cell types. Finally, the levels of Twist1, miR-214, or CCN2 in circulating exosomes from fibrotic mice reflected fibrosis-induced changes in the liver itself, highlighting the potential utility of these and other constituents in serum exosomes as novel circulating biomarkers for liver fibrosis. These findings reveal a unique function for cellular or exosomal Twist1 in CCN2-dependent fibrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- 1The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio;
| | - Ruju Chen
- 1The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio;
| | - Sherri Kemper
- 1The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio;
| | - Alyssa Charrier
- 1The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio; ,2Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio;
| | - David R. Brigstock
- 1The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio; ,2Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio; ,3Department of Surgery, Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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36
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Nuti SV, Mor G, Li P, Yin G. TWIST and ovarian cancer stem cells: implications for chemoresistance and metastasis. Oncotarget 2015; 5:7260-71. [PMID: 25238494 PMCID: PMC4202121 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor TWIST1 is a highly evolutionally conserved basic Helix-Loop-Helix (bHLH) transcription factor that functions as a master regulator of gastrulation and mesodermal development. Although TWIST1 was initially associated with embryo development, an increasing number of studies have shown TWIST1 role in the regulation of tissue homeostasis, primarily as a regulator of inflammation. More recently, TWIST1 has been found to be involved in the process of tumor metastasis through the regulation of Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition (EMT). The objective of this review is to examine the normal functions of TWIST1 and its role in tumor development, with a particular focus on ovarian cancer. We discuss the potential role of TWIST1 in the context of ovarian cancer stem cells and its influence in the process of tumor formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhakar V Nuti
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Gil Mor
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Peiyao Li
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Gang Yin
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Lee C, Richtsmeier JT, Kraft RH. A computational analysis of bone formation in the cranial vault in the mouse. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2015; 3:24. [PMID: 25853124 PMCID: PMC4365500 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2015.00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bones of the cranial vault are formed by the differentiation of mesenchymal cells into osteoblasts on a surface that surrounds the brain, eventually forming mineralized bone. Signaling pathways causative for cell differentiation include the actions of extracellular proteins driven by information from genes. We assume that the interaction of cells and extracellular molecules, which are associated with cell differentiation, can be modeled using Turing's reaction-diffusion model, a mathematical model for pattern formation controlled by two interacting molecules (activator and inhibitor). In this study, we hypothesize that regions of high concentration of an activator develop into primary centers of ossification, the earliest sites of cranial vault bone. In addition to the Turing model, we use another diffusion equation to model a morphogen (potentially the same as the morphogen associated with formation of ossification centers) associated with bone growth. These mathematical models were solved using the finite volume method. The computational domain and model parameters are determined using a large collection of experimental data showing skull bone formation in mouse at different embryonic days in mice carrying disease causing mutations and their unaffected littermates. The results show that the relative locations of the five ossification centers that form in our model occur at the same position as those identified in experimental data. As bone grows from these ossification centers, sutures form between the bones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanyoung Lee
- The Penn State Computational Biomechanics Group, Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Joan T. Richtsmeier
- Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Reuben H. Kraft
- The Penn State Computational Biomechanics Group, Department of Mechanical and Nuclear Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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38
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Andisheh-Tadbir A, Pardis S, Ranjbaran P. Twist expression in dentigerous cyst, odontogenic keratocyst, and ameloblastoma. Oral Maxillofac Surg 2015; 19:103-107. [PMID: 25088731 DOI: 10.1007/s10006-014-0459-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a process which is associated with a loss of intercellular adhesion, acquired mesenchymal shape, and increased motility by epithelial cells. Twist is one of the key regulators of EMT.In view of the distinct clinical behavior of odontogenic lesions, the objective of the present study was to investigate the immunohistochemical expression of Twist in these lesions. In this study, 70 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue blocks of odontogenic lesion consisting of 16 unicystic ameloblastomas (UA), 17 solid ameloblastomas (SA), 18 odontogenic keratocysts (OKC), and 19 dentigerous cysts (DC) were reviewed using immunohistochemistry for Twist staining. In this study, Twist immunostaining was evident in all groups of the specimens except the dentigerous cyst group. Twist expression was seen in 58.8 % (10/17) of SA, 50 % (8/16) of UA, and 44.4 % (8/18) of OKCs. 23.5 % of SA, 18.8 % of UA, and 16.7 % of OKCs showed Twist expression in more than 50 % of cells. Statistical analysis showed that Twist expression levels were significantly higher in ameloblastomas (SA and UA) and OKCs than dentigerous cysts (P = 0.002). There were no significant differences between Twist expression in SAs, UAs, and OKCs (P > 0.05). The results of this study propose that the high expression rate of Twist plays a role in the pathogenesis of ameloblastomas and OKCs and might be one of the reasons for the aggressive behavior of ameloblastomas and high recurrence of OKCs and could reinforce the classification of OKC as an odontogenic tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Andisheh-Tadbir
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, School of Dentistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran,
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Sanui T, Tanaka U, Fukuda T, Toyoda K, Taketomi T, Atomura R, Yamamichi K, Nishimura F. Mutation of Spry2 Induces Proliferation and Differentiation of Osteoblasts but Inhibits Proliferation of Gingival Epithelial Cells. J Cell Biochem 2015; 116:628-39. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Terukazu Sanui
- Department of Periodontology; Division of Oral Rehabilitation; Faculty of Dental Science; Kyushu University; Fukuoka Japan
| | - Urara Tanaka
- Department of Periodontology; Division of Oral Rehabilitation; Faculty of Dental Science; Kyushu University; Fukuoka Japan
| | - Takao Fukuda
- Department of Periodontology; Division of Oral Rehabilitation; Faculty of Dental Science; Kyushu University; Fukuoka Japan
| | - Kyosuke Toyoda
- Department of Periodontology; Division of Oral Rehabilitation; Faculty of Dental Science; Kyushu University; Fukuoka Japan
| | - Takaharu Taketomi
- Dental and Oral Medical Center; Kurume University School of Medicine; Kurume Fukuoka Japan
| | - Ryo Atomura
- Department of Periodontology; Division of Oral Rehabilitation; Faculty of Dental Science; Kyushu University; Fukuoka Japan
| | - Kensuke Yamamichi
- Department of Periodontology; Division of Oral Rehabilitation; Faculty of Dental Science; Kyushu University; Fukuoka Japan
| | - Fusanori Nishimura
- Department of Periodontology; Division of Oral Rehabilitation; Faculty of Dental Science; Kyushu University; Fukuoka Japan
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40
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Maxhimer JB, Bradley JP, Lee JC. Signaling pathways in osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis: Lessons from cranial sutures and applications to regenerative medicine. Genes Dis 2015; 2:57-68. [PMID: 25961069 PMCID: PMC4425620 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2014.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the simplest models for examining the interplay between bone formation and resorption is the junction between the cranial bones. Although only roughly a quarter of patients diagnosed with craniosynostosis have been linked to known genetic disturbances, the molecular mechanisms elucidated from these studies have provided basic knowledge of bone homeostasis. This work has translated to methods and advances in bone tissue engineering. In this review, we examine the current knowledge of cranial suture biology derived from human craniosynostosis syndromes and discuss its application to regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin B. Maxhimer
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, CA, USA
| | - James P. Bradley
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Temple University/St. Christopher's Hospital for Children, PA, USA
| | - Justine C. Lee
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, CA, USA
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Greater Los Angeles VA Healthcare System, USA
- Corresponding author. UCLA Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, 200 UCLA Medical Plaza, Suite 465, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. Tel.: +1 310 794 7616; fax: +1 310 206 6833.
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Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) are key contributors to malignant progression, but their critical regulators remain largely unknown. In this study, we examined the role of Twist1, a central regulator of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in carcinoma cells, in the transdifferentiation of normal quiescent fibroblasts to CAF and we defined its upstream controls and downstream effectors. Primary human gastric fibroblast and CAF cultures were established from gastrectomy specimens and validated as nontumor cells by somatic mutation analyses. In these cultures, exposure to the proinflammatory cytokine IL6 commonly expressed in tumors was sufficient to induce Twist1 expression in normal fibroblasts and transdifferentiate them into CAFs via STAT3 phosphorylation. In xenograft models, tumor infiltration of Twist1-expressing CAFs was enhanced strongly by ectopic IL6 expression in gastric or breast cancer cells. We found that Twist1 expression was necessary and sufficient for CAF transdifferentiation. Enforced expression of Twist1 in normal fibroblasts was also sufficient to drive CAF marker expression and malignant character in gastric cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. Conversely, silencing the expression of Twist1 in CAFs abrogated their tumor-promoting properties. Downstream of Twist1, we defined the chemokine CXCL12 as a transcriptional target. Clinically, CXCL12 and Twist1 expression were correlated in CAFs present in gastric tumor specimens. Finally, ectopic expression of Twist1 in normal fibroblasts suppressed premature senescence, whereas Twist1 attenuation accelerated senescence in CAFs. Our findings define Twist1 as a compelling target to deprogram the tumor-supporting features of the cancer microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keun-Woo Lee
- Department of Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Department of Health Science and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Young Yeo
- Department of Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Department of Health Science and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Ohk Sung
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Hyung Kim
- Department of Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. Department of Health Science and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Zhang XW, Zhang BY, Wang SW, Gong DJ, Han L, Xu ZY, Liu XH. Twist-related protein 1 negatively regulated osteoblastic transdifferentiation of human aortic valve interstitial cells by directly inhibiting runt-related transcription factor 2. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2014; 148:1700-1708.e1. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2014.02.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2013] [Revised: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Developmental pathways hijacked by osteosarcoma. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 804:93-118. [PMID: 24924170 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-04843-7_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cancer of any type often can be described by an arrest, alteration or disruption in the normal development of a tissue or organ, and understanding of the normal counterpart's development can aid in understanding the malignant state. This is certainly true for osteosarcoma and the normal developmental pathways that guide osteoblast development that are changed in the genesis of osteogenic sarcoma. A carefully regulated crescendo-decrescendo expression of RUNX2 accompanies the transition from mesenchymal stem cell to immature osteoblast to mature osteoblast. This pivotal role is controlled by several pathways, including bone morphogenic protein (BMP), Wnt/β-catenin, fibroblast growth factor (FGF), and protein kinase C (PKC). The HIPPO pathway and its downstream target YAP help to regulate proliferation of immature osteoblasts and their maturation into non-proliferating mature osteoblasts. This pathway also helps regulate expression of the mature osteoblast protein osteocalcin. YAP also regulates expression of MT1-MMP, a membrane-bound matrix metalloprotease responsible for remodeling the extracellular matrix surrounding the osteoblasts. YAP, in turn, can be regulated by the ERBB family protein Her-4. Osteosarcoma may be thought of as a cell held at the immature osteoblast stage, retaining some of the characteristics of that developmental stage. Disruptions of several of these pathways have been described in osteosarcoma, including BMP, Wnt/b-catenin, RUNX2, HIPPO/YAP, and Her-4. Further, PKC can be activated by several receptor tyrosine kinases implicated in osteosarcoma, including the ERBB family (EGFR, Her-2 and Her-4 in osteosarcoma), IGF1R, FGF, and others. Understanding these functions may aid in the understanding the mechanisms underpinning clinical observations in osteosarcoma, including both the lytic and blastic phenotypes of tumors, the invasiveness of the disease, and the tendency for treated tumors to ossify rather than shrink. Through a better understanding of the relationship between normal osteoblast development and osteosarcoma, we may gain insights into novel therapeutic avenues and improved outcomes.
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Huang Y, Meng T, Wang S, Zhang H, Mues G, Qin C, Feng JQ, D'Souza RN, Lu Y. Twist1- and Twist2-haploinsufficiency results in reduced bone formation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e99331. [PMID: 24971743 PMCID: PMC4074031 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Twist1 and Twist2 are highly homologous bHLH transcription factors that exhibit extensive highly overlapping expression profiles during development. While both proteins have been shown to inhibit osteogenesis, only Twist1 haploinsufficiency is associated with the premature synostosis of cranial sutures in mice and humans. On the other hand, biallelic Twist2 deficiency causes only a focal facial dermal dysplasia syndrome or additional cachexia and perinatal lethality in certain mouse strains. It is unclear how these proteins cooperate to synergistically regulate bone formation. Methods Twist1 floxed mice (Twist1f/f) were bred with Twist2-Cre knock-in mice (Twist2Cre/+) to generate Twist1 and Twist2 haploinsufficient mice (Twist1f/+; Twist2Cre/+). X-radiography, micro-CT scans, alcian blue/alizarin red staining, trap staining, BrdU labeling, immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridizations, real-time PCR and dual luciferase assay were employed to investigate the overall skeletal defects and the bone-associated molecular and cellular changes of Twist1f/+;Twist2Cre/+ mice. Results Twist1 and Twist2 haploinsufficient mice did not present with premature ossification and craniosynostosis; instead they displayed reduced bone formation, impaired proliferation and differentiation of osteoprogenitors. These mice exhibited decreased expressions of Fgf2 and Fgfr1–4 in bone, resulting in a down-regulation of FGF signaling. Furthermore, in vitro studies indicated that both Twist1 and Twist2 stimulated 4.9 kb Fgfr2 promoter activity in the presence of E12, a Twist binding partner. Conclusion These data demonstrated that Twist1- and Twist2-haploinsufficiency caused reduced bone formation due to compromised FGF signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyu Huang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Craniofacial Research and Diagnosis, Texas A&M University Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tian Meng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Craniofacial Research and Diagnosis, Texas A&M University Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Suzhen Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Craniofacial Research and Diagnosis, Texas A&M University Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Craniofacial Research and Diagnosis, Texas A&M University Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Gabriele Mues
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Craniofacial Research and Diagnosis, Texas A&M University Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Chunlin Qin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Craniofacial Research and Diagnosis, Texas A&M University Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jian Q. Feng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Craniofacial Research and Diagnosis, Texas A&M University Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Rena N. D'Souza
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Craniofacial Research and Diagnosis, Texas A&M University Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
- The University of Utah School of Dentistry, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | - Yongbo Lu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Center for Craniofacial Research and Diagnosis, Texas A&M University Baylor College of Dentistry, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Lee KW, Sung CO, Kim JH, Kang M, Yoo HY, Kim HH, Um SH, Kim SH. CD10 expression is enhanced by Twist1 and associated with poor prognosis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma with facilitating tumorigenicity in vitro and in vivo. Int J Cancer 2014; 136:310-21. [PMID: 24895167 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
CD10 expression was identified as a contributor to cancer progression in several cancers; however, the exact biological significance and mechanism of CD10 expression remains unclear. In addition, CD10 expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) has not been studied. We investigated the relationship between CD10 and Twist1. Furthermore, we examined the effect of CD10 on tumorigenicity using in vivo and in vitro systems as well as establishing the clinical significance of CD10 expression in ESCC using large clinical samples. CD10 expression was upregulated by Twist1 and there was a strong correlation between mRNA and protein expression. Twist1 can specifically upregulate CD10 at the transcriptional level via an interaction with the promoter region of CD10 and the proximal E-box CAGGTG in the CD10 promoter was identified as a binding site for Twist1. CD10 is frequently expressed in ESCC cell lines and silencing CD10 suppresses migration/invasion and anchorage-independent tumor growth of ESCC cells. Knockdown of CD10 inhibits the growth of ESCC xenograft in nude mice, suggesting that CD10 plays a role in enhancing the tumorigenesis of ESCC. From among 153 ESCC samples, 46 (30.0%) showed varying degrees of CD10 expression in cancer cells. In addition, stromal fibroblasts also showed varying amounts of CD10 expression in 92 (60.9%) tumor samples. CD10 overexpression in cancer cells as well as in stromal fibroblasts was an independent poor prognostic factor in both overall survival and disease-free survival. CD10 could be a promising target for the treatment of ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keun-Woo Lee
- Department of Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
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46
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Abstract
Regulated transcription controls the diversity, developmental pathways and spatial organization of the hundreds of cell types that make up a mammal. Using single-molecule cDNA sequencing, we mapped transcription start sites (TSSs) and their usage in human and mouse primary cells, cell lines and tissues to produce a comprehensive overview of mammalian gene expression across the human body. We find that few genes are truly 'housekeeping', whereas many mammalian promoters are composite entities composed of several closely separated TSSs, with independent cell-type-specific expression profiles. TSSs specific to different cell types evolve at different rates, whereas promoters of broadly expressed genes are the most conserved. Promoter-based expression analysis reveals key transcription factors defining cell states and links them to binding-site motifs. The functions of identified novel transcripts can be predicted by coexpression and sample ontology enrichment analyses. The functional annotation of the mammalian genome 5 (FANTOM5) project provides comprehensive expression profiles and functional annotation of mammalian cell-type-specific transcriptomes with wide applications in biomedical research.
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Manokawinchoke J, Pimkhaokhum A, Everts V, Pavasant P. Prostaglandin E2 inhibits in-vitro
mineral deposition by human periodontal ligament cells via modulating the expression of TWIST1 and RUNX2. J Periodontal Res 2014; 49:777-84. [DOI: 10.1111/jre.12162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Manokawinchoke
- Mineralized Tissue Research Unit; Faculty of Dentistry; Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok Thailand
| | - A. Pimkhaokhum
- Department of Surgery; Faculty of Dentistry; Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok Thailand
| | - V. Everts
- Department of Oral Cell Biology; Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA); University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam; MOVE Research Institute; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - P. Pavasant
- Mineralized Tissue Research Unit; Faculty of Dentistry; Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok Thailand
- Department of Anatomy; Faculty of Dentistry; Chulalongkorn University; Bangkok Thailand
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Di Ieva A, Bruner E, Davidson J, Pisano P, Haider T, Stone SS, Cusimano MD, Tschabitscher M, Grizzi F. Cranial sutures: a multidisciplinary review. Childs Nerv Syst 2013; 29:893-905. [PMID: 23471493 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-013-2061-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Progress in cranial suture research is shaping our current understanding of the topic; however, emphasis has been placed on individual contributing components rather than the cranial sutural system as a whole. Improving our holistic view helps further guide clinicians who treat cranial sutural abnormalities as well as researchers who study them. MATERIALS AND METHODS Information from anatomy, anthropology, surgery, and computed modeling was integrated to provide a perspective to interpret suture formation and variability within the cranial functional and structural system. RESULTS Evidence from experimental settings, simulations, and evolution suggest a multifactorial morphogenetic process associated with functions and morphology of the sutures. Despite molecular influences, the biomechanical cranial environment has a main role in both the ontogenetic and phylogenetic suture dynamics. CONCLUSIONS Furthering our holistic understanding of the intricate cranial sutural system promises to expand our knowledge and enhance our ability to treat associated anomalies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Di Ieva
- Division of Neurosurgery, St. Michael's Hospital, 30 Bond Street, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Grassi F, Cattini L, Gambari L, Manferdini C, Piacentini A, Gabusi E, Facchini A, Lisignoli G. T cell subsets differently regulate osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stromal cells in vitro. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2013; 10:305-14. [PMID: 23653421 DOI: 10.1002/term.1727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2012] [Revised: 10/18/2012] [Accepted: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
T lymphocytes play a key role in the regulation of bone homeostasis and bone healing. The inflammatory response at the site of bone injury is essential to the initiation of the bone repair program; however, an uncontrolled exposure to inflammatory environment has a negative effect on tissue regeneration - indeed, activated T cells were shown to inhibit osteogenic differentiation on human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). Whether resting T cells can induce osteogenic differentiation of MSCs and what role specific T cells subset play in this process is still elusive. In this study, we sought to analyse the osteogenic gene expression profile of whole T cells, CD4 and CD8 T cells isolated from healthy donors and investigated whether secreted factors from each group modulate osteogenic differentiation of human MSCs. Gene expression profiling identified a pool of 51 genes involved at various stages in bone growth which are expressed above detectable levels in CD4 and CD8 T cells. Most genes of this pool were expressed at higher levels in the CD4 subset. In vitro mineralization assays revealed that conditioned medium from CD4 T cells, but not from CD8 cells, significantly increased mineralization in osteogenic cultures of human MSCs; furthermore, mRNA expression of Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX-2), osteocalcin (OC), bone sialoprotein (BSP) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in MSCs was significantly upregulated in the presence of CD4-conditioned medium but not with that obtained from CD8. The results show a differential role for CD4 and CD8 T cells in supporting bone formation and identify an osteogenic gene signature of each subset.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luca Cattini
- S. C. Laboratorio di Immunoreumatologia e Rigenerazione Tissutale, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Gambari
- S. C. Laboratorio di Immunoreumatologia e Rigenerazione Tissutale, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Cristina Manferdini
- S. C. Laboratorio di Immunoreumatologia e Rigenerazione Tissutale, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Anna Piacentini
- S. C. Laboratorio di Immunoreumatologia e Rigenerazione Tissutale, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elena Gabusi
- Laboratorio RAMSES, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Facchini
- S. C. Laboratorio di Immunoreumatologia e Rigenerazione Tissutale, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gina Lisignoli
- S. C. Laboratorio di Immunoreumatologia e Rigenerazione Tissutale, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
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50
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Bouard C, Terreux R, Hope J, Chemelle JA, Puisieux A, Ansieau S, Payen L. Interhelical loops within the bHLH domain are determinant in maintaining TWIST1-DNA complexes. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2013; 32:226-41. [PMID: 23527594 PMCID: PMC3869052 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2012.762722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor TWIST1 is essential to embryonic development, and hijacking of its function contributes to the development of numerous cancer types. It forms either a homodimer or a heterodimeric complex with an E2A or HAND partner. These functionally distinct complexes display sometimes antagonistic functions during development, so that alterations in the balance between them lead to pronounced morphological alterations, as observed in mice and in Saethre–Chotzen syndrome patients. We, here, describe the structures of TWIST1 bHLH–DNA complexes produced in silico through molecular dynamics simulations. We highlight the determinant role of the interhelical loops in maintaining the TWIST1–DNA complex structures and provide a structural explanation for the loss of function associated with several TWIST1 mutations/insertions observed in Saethre–Chotzen syndrome patients. An animated interactive 3D complement (I3DC) is available in Proteopedia at http://proteopedia.org/w/Journal:JBSD:27
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Bouard
- a Centre de Recherche en Cancerologie de Lyon , Lyon , F-69000 , France
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