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Sullivan MA, Fritch HA, Slotnick SD. Spatial memory encoding is associated with the anterior and posterior hippocampus: An fMRI activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis. Hippocampus 2024. [PMID: 39150234 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
It has been hypothesized that differential processing occurs along the longitudinal (anterior-posterior) axis of the hippocampus. One hypothesis is that spatial memory (during both encoding and retrieval) is associated with the posterior hippocampus. An alternative hypothesis is that memory encoding (either spatial or nonspatial) is associated with the anterior hippocampus and memory retrieval is associated with the posterior hippocampus. Of importance, during spatial memory encoding, the spatial-posterior hypothesis predicts posterior hippocampal involvement, whereas the encoding-retrieval hypothesis predicts anterior hippocampal involvement. To distinguish between these hypotheses, we conducted a coordinate-based fMRI activation likelihood estimation (ALE) meta-analysis of 26 studies (with a total of 435 participants) that reported hippocampal activity during spatial memory encoding and/or spatial memory retrieval. Both spatial memory encoding and spatial memory retrieval produced extensive activity along the longitudinal axis of the hippocampus as well as the entorhinal cortex, the perirhinal cortex, and the parahippocampal cortex. Critically, the contrast of spatial memory encoding and spatial memory retrieval produced activations in both the anterior hippocampus and the posterior hippocampus. That spatial memory encoding produced activity in both the anterior and posterior hippocampus can be taken to reject strict forms of the spatial-posterior hypothesis, which stipulates that all forms of spatial memory produce activity in the posterior hippocampus, and the encoding-retrieval hypothesis, which stipulates that all forms of encoding versus retrieval produce activity in only the anterior hippocampus. Our results indicate that spatial memory encoding can involve the anterior hippocampus and the posterior hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline A Sullivan
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Haley A Fritch
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Scott D Slotnick
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, USA
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2
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Junco-Muñoz ML, Mejía-Rodríguez O, Cervantes-Alfaro JM, Téllez-Anguiano ADC, López-Vázquez MÁ, Olvera-Cortés ME. Correlates of Theta and Gamma Activity during Visuospatial Incidental/Intentional Encoding and Retrieval Indicate Differences in Processing in Young and Elderly Healthy Participants. Brain Sci 2024; 14:786. [PMID: 39199479 PMCID: PMC11352628 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14080786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Incidental visuospatial learning acquired under incidental conditions is more vulnerable to aging than in the intentional case. The theta and gamma correlates of the coding and retrieval of episodic memory change during aging. Based on the vulnerability of incidental coding to aging, different theta and gamma correlates could occur under the incidental versus intentional coding and retrieval of visuospatial information. Theta and gamma EEG was recorded from the frontotemporal regions, and incidental/intentional visuospatial learning was evaluated in young (25-60 years old) and elderly (60-85 years old) participants. The EEG recorded during encoding and retrieval was compared between incidental low-demand, incidental high-demand, and intentional conditions through an ANCOVA considering the patient's gender, IQ, and years of schooling as covariates. Older adults exhibited worse performances, especially in place-object associations. After the intentional study, older participants showed a further increase in false-positive errors. Higher power at the theta and gamma bands was observed for frontotemporal derivations in older participants for both encoding and retrieval. Under retrieval, only young participants had lower power in terms of errors compared with correct responses. In conclusion, the different patterns of power and coherence support incidental and intentional visuospatial encoding and retrieval in young and elderly individuals. The correlates of power with behavior are sensitive to age and performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Lizeth Junco-Muñoz
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología Clínica y Experimental, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Michoacán, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Morelia 58060, Michoacán, Mexico;
- Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia 58194, Michoacán, Mexico
| | - Oliva Mejía-Rodríguez
- División de Investigación Clínica, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Michoacán, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Morelia 58060, Michoacán, Mexico;
| | - José Miguel Cervantes-Alfaro
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias, División de Estudios de Posgrado, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas “Dr. Ignacio Chávez”, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia 58194, Michoacán, Mexico;
| | | | - Miguel Ángel López-Vázquez
- Laboratorio de Neuroplasticidad, División de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Michoacán, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Morelia 58060, Michoacán, Mexico;
| | - María Esther Olvera-Cortés
- Laboratorio de Neurofisiología Clínica y Experimental, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Michoacán, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Morelia 58060, Michoacán, Mexico;
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3
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Oliva G, Giustiniani A, Danesin L, Burgio F, Arcara G, Conte P. Cognitive impairment following breast cancer treatments: an umbrella review. Oncologist 2024; 29:e848-e863. [PMID: 38723166 PMCID: PMC11224991 DOI: 10.1093/oncolo/oyae090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cancer-related cognitive impairment (CRCI) refers to a cognitive decline associated with cancer or its treatments. While research into CRCI is expanding, evidence remains scattered due to differences in study designs, methodologies, and definitions. The present umbrella review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current evidence regarding the impact of different breast cancer therapies on cognitive functioning, with a particular focus on the interplay among objective cognitive deficits (ie, measured with standardized tests), subjective cognitive concerns, (ie, self-reported), and other mediating psycho-physical factors. METHODS The search was made in Pubmed, Embase, and Scopus for articles published until July 2023, following the guidelines of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis protocol. RESULTS Chemotherapy and endocrine therapy appear consistently associated with CRCI in patients with breast cancer, primarily affecting memory, attention/concentration, executive functioning, and processing speed. Subjective cognitive concerns were often found weakly or not associated with neuropsychological test results, while overall CRCI seemed consistently associated with psychological distress, fatigue, sleep quality, and inflammatory and biological factors. CONCLUSION Current evidence suggests that CRCI is common after chemotherapy and endocrine therapy for breast cancer. However, heterogeneity in study designs and the scarcity of studies on more recent treatments such as targeted therapies and immunotherapies, highlight the need for more systematic and harmonized studies, possibly taking into account the complex and multifactorial etiology of CRCI. This may provide valuable insights into CRCI's underlying mechanisms and potential new ways to treat it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Oliva
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology (DiSCOG), University of Padua, 35124 Padova, Italy
- IRCCS San Camillo Hospital, 30126 Venice, Italy
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Shao X, Shou Q, Felix K, Ojogho B, Jiang X, Gold BT, Herting MM, Goldwaser EL, Kochunov P, Hong LE, Pappas I, Braskie M, Kim H, Cen S, Jann K, Wang DJJ. Age-Related Decline in Blood-Brain Barrier Function is More Pronounced in Males than Females in Parietal and Temporal Regions. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.12.575463. [PMID: 38293052 PMCID: PMC10827081 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.12.575463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) plays a pivotal role in protecting the central nervous system (CNS), shielding it from potential harmful entities. A natural decline of BBB function with aging has been reported in both animal and human studies, which may contribute to cognitive decline and neurodegenerative disorders. Limited data also suggest that being female may be associated with protective effects on BBB function. Here we investigated age and sex-dependent trajectories of perfusion and BBB water exchange rate (kw) across the lifespan in 186 cognitively normal participants spanning the ages of 8 to 92 years old, using a non-invasive diffusion prepared pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling (DP-pCASL) MRI technique. We found that the pattern of BBB kw decline with aging varies across brain regions. Moreover, results from our DP-pCASL technique revealed a remarkable decline in BBB kw beginning in the early 60s, which was more pronounced in males. In addition, we observed sex differences in parietal and temporal regions. Our findings provide in vivo results demonstrating sex differences in the decline of BBB function with aging, which may serve as a foundation for future investigations into perfusion and BBB function in neurodegenerative and other brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingfeng Shao
- USC Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California
| | - Qinyang Shou
- USC Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California
| | - Kimberly Felix
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California
| | - Brandon Ojogho
- USC Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California
| | - Xuejuan Jiang
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California
- Department of Ophthalmology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California
| | - Brian T. Gold
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky
| | - Megan M Herting
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California
| | - Eric L Goldwaser
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine
- Interventional Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medicine
| | - Peter Kochunov
- Louis A. Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | - L. Elliot Hong
- Louis A. Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | - Ioannis Pappas
- USC Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California
| | - Meredith Braskie
- USC Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California
| | - Hosung Kim
- USC Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California
| | - Steven Cen
- Department of Radiology and Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California
| | - Kay Jann
- USC Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California
| | - Danny JJ Wang
- USC Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California
- Department of Radiology and Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California
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Lopez FV, O'Shea A, Huo Z, DeKosky ST, Trouard TP, Alexander GE, Woods AJ, Bowers D. Frontal-temporal regional differences in brain energy metabolism and mitochondrial function using 31P MRS in older adults. GeroScience 2024; 46:3185-3195. [PMID: 38225480 PMCID: PMC11009166 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-01046-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging is a major risk for cognitive decline and transition to dementia. One well-known age-related change involves decreased brain efficiency and energy production, mediated in part by changes in mitochondrial function. Damaged or dysfunctional mitochondria have been implicated in the pathogenesis of age-related neurodegenerative conditions like Alzheimer's disease (AD). The aim of the current study was to investigate mitochondrial function over frontal and temporal regions in a sample of 70 cognitively normal older adults with subjective memory complaints and a first-degree family history of AD. We hypothesized cerebral mitochondrial function and energy metabolism would be greater in temporal as compared to frontal regions based on the high energy consumption in the temporal lobes (i.e., hippocampus). To test this hypothesis, we used phosphorous (31P) magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) which is a non-invasive and powerful method for investigating in vivo mitochondrial function via high energy phosphates and phospholipid metabolism ratios. We used a single voxel method (left temporal and bilateral prefrontal) to achieve optimal sensitivity. Results of separate repeated measures analyses of variance showed 31P MRS ratios of static energy, energy reserve, energy consumption, energy demand, and phospholipid membrane metabolism were greater in the left temporal than bilateral prefrontal voxels. Our findings that all 31P MRS ratios were greater in temporal than bifrontal regions support our hypothesis. Future studies are needed to determine whether findings are related to cognition in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca V Lopez
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, PO Box 100165, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
| | - Andrew O'Shea
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Zhiguang Huo
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health and Health Professions and College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Steven T DeKosky
- Department of Neurology, Fixel Center for Neurological Diseases, College of Medicine, and Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Theodore P Trouard
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, and Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona and Alzheimer's Disease Consortium, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Gene E Alexander
- Department of Psychology and Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Neuroscience and Physiological Sciences Graduate Interdisciplinary Programs, and BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona and Arizona Alzheimer's Disease Consortium, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Adam J Woods
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, PO Box 100165, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Dawn Bowers
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, PO Box 100165, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
- Department of Neurology, Fixel Center of Neurological Diseases, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Meyer P, Baeuchl C, Hoppstädter M. Insights from simultaneous EEG-fMRI and patient data illuminate the role of the anterior medial temporal lobe in N400 generation. Neuropsychologia 2024; 193:108762. [PMID: 38142959 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2023.108762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
The N400, a negative event-related potential (ERP) peaking approximately 400 ms after stimulus onset, is known to reflect the processing of semantic information. While scalp recordings have contributed to understanding the psychological processes underlying the N400, they have been limited in identifying its neural basis. However, recent intracranial ERP recordings and fMRI studies have shed light on the crucial role of the anterior medial temporal lobe (AMTL) in semantic information processing. These findings suggest that the N400 partially represents activity in the AMTL structures. To investigate the neural underpinnings of the N400 effect, we simultaneously recorded ERPs and event-related fMRI during a semantic priming paradigm in a sample of 12 young, healthy subjects. Additionally, we collected ERPs and structural brain data from older healthy adults and patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), a population characterized by neurodegenerative changes in the AMTL. In our fMRI results, we identified bilateral loci in the AMTL as the global maxima. Employing an EEG-informed fMRI analysis, we explored trial-to-trial fluctuations in semantic processing by linking single-trial N400 amplitudes to the Blood Oxygen Level Dependent (BOLD) signal. This approach provided the first direct evidence linking the N400 recorded at the scalp level to the corresponding BOLD signal in the AMTL. Consistent with these findings, patients with aMCI exhibited a diminished N400 effect compared to healthy older adults. Furthermore, voxel-based morphometry analysis revealed a correlation between the magnitude of the N400 effect and the integrity of the AMTL. By integrating data from simultaneous EEG-fMRI, and patient studies, our research advances our understanding of the neural substrate of the N400 and highlights the critical involvement of the AMTL in semantic processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patric Meyer
- SRH University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany; Department for General and Applied Linguistics, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Christian Baeuchl
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; Faculty of Psychology, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Hoppstädter
- Department of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
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7
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Lee AJ, Stark JH, Hayes SM. Baseline Frontoparietal Gray Matter Volume Predicts Executive Function Performance in Aging and Mild Cognitive Impairment at 24-Month Follow-Up. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 100:357-374. [PMID: 38875035 DOI: 10.3233/jad-231468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Background Executive dysfunction in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) has been associated with gray matter atrophy. Prior studies have yielded limited insight into associations between gray matter volume and executive function in early and late amnestic MCI (aMCI). Objective To examine the relative importance of predictors of executive function at 24 months and relationships between baseline regional gray matter volume and executive function performance at 24-month follow-up in non-demented older adults. Methods 147 participants from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (mean age = 70.6 years) completed brain magnetic resonance imaging and neuropsychological testing and were classified as cognitively normal (n = 49), early aMCI (n = 60), or late aMCI (n = 38). Analyses explored the importance of demographic, APOEɛ4, biomarker (p-tau/Aβ42, t-tau/Aβ42), and gray matter regions-of-interest (ROI) variables to 24-month executive function, whether ROIs predicted executive function, and whether relationships varied by baseline diagnostic status. Results Across all participants, baseline anterior cingulate cortex and superior parietal lobule volumes were the strongest predictors of 24-month executive function performance. In early aMCI, anterior cingulate cortex volume was the strongest predictor and demonstrated a significant interaction such that lower volume related to worse 24-month executive function in early aMCI. Educational attainment and inferior frontal gyrus volume were the strongest predictors of 24-month executive function performance for cognitively normal and late aMCI groups, respectively. Conclusions Baseline frontoparietal gray matter regions were significant predictors of executive function performance in the context of aMCI and may identify those at risk of Alzheimer's disease. Anterior cingulate cortex volume may predict executive function performance in early aMCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann J Lee
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jessica H Stark
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Scott M Hayes
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Chronic Brain Injury Initiative, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Angeli PA, DiNicola LM, Saadon-Grosman N, Eldaief MC, Buckner RL. Specialization of the Human Hippocampal Long Axis Revisited. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.19.572264. [PMID: 38187548 PMCID: PMC10769203 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.19.572264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
The hippocampus possesses anatomical differences along its long axis. Here the functional specialization of the human hippocampal long axis was explored using network-anchored precision functional MRI (N = 11) paired with behavioral analyses (N=266). Functional connectivity analyses demonstrated that the anterior hippocampus was preferentially correlated with a cerebral network associated with remembering, while the posterior hippocampus was correlated with a distinct network associated with behavioral salience. Seed regions placed within the hippocampus recapitulated the distinct cerebral networks. Functional characterization using task data within the same intensively sampled individuals discovered a functional double dissociation between the anterior and posterior hippocampal regions. The anterior hippocampal region was sensitive to remembering and imagining the future, specifically tracking the process of scene construction, while the posterior hippocampal region displayed transient responses to targets in an oddball detection task and to transitions between task blocks. These findings suggest specialization along the long axis of the hippocampus with differential responses reflecting the functional properties of the partner cerebral networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A Angeli
- Department of Psychology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Lauren M DiNicola
- Department of Psychology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Noam Saadon-Grosman
- Department of Psychology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Mark C Eldaief
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Randy L Buckner
- Department of Psychology, Center for Brain Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
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Yang E, Milisav F, Kopal J, Holmes AJ, Mitsis GD, Misic B, Finn ES, Bzdok D. The default network dominates neural responses to evolving movie stories. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4197. [PMID: 37452058 PMCID: PMC10349102 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39862-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroscientific studies exploring real-world dynamic perception often overlook the influence of continuous changes in narrative content. In our research, we utilize machine learning tools for natural language processing to examine the relationship between movie narratives and neural responses. By analyzing over 50,000 brain images of participants watching Forrest Gump from the studyforrest dataset, we find distinct brain states that capture unique semantic aspects of the unfolding story. The default network, associated with semantic information integration, is the most engaged during movie watching. Furthermore, we identify two mechanisms that underlie how the default network liaises with the amygdala and hippocampus. Our findings demonstrate effective approaches to understanding neural processes in everyday situations and their relation to conscious awareness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enning Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, TheNeuro-Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI), McConnell Brain Imaging Centre (BIC), McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Mila-Quebec Artificial Intelligence Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Filip Milisav
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, TheNeuro-Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI), McConnell Brain Imaging Centre (BIC), McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jakub Kopal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, TheNeuro-Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI), McConnell Brain Imaging Centre (BIC), McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Mila-Quebec Artificial Intelligence Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Avram J Holmes
- Department of Psychology and Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Georgios D Mitsis
- Department of Bioengineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Bratislav Misic
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, TheNeuro-Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI), McConnell Brain Imaging Centre (BIC), McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Emily S Finn
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Danilo Bzdok
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, TheNeuro-Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI), McConnell Brain Imaging Centre (BIC), McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Mila-Quebec Artificial Intelligence Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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Miyakoshi M, Archer JA, Wu CY, Nakai T, Chen SHA. Age-Related Changes in Episodic Processing of Scenes: A Functional Activation and Connectivity Study. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 23:4107. [PMID: 37112449 PMCID: PMC10141112 DOI: 10.3390/s23084107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The posterior-to-anterior shift in aging (PASA) effect is seen as a compensatory model that enables older adults to meet increased cognitive demands to perform comparably as their young counterparts. However, empirical support for the PASA effect investigating age-related changes in the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), hippocampus, and parahippocampus has yet to be established. 33 older adults and 48 young adults were administered tasks sensitive to novelty and relational processing of indoor/outdoor scenes in a 3-Tesla MRI scanner. Functional activation and connectivity analyses were applied to examine the age-related changes on the IFG, hippocampus, and parahippocampus among low/high-performing older adults and young adults. Significant parahippocampal activation was generally found in both older (high-performing) and young adults for novelty and relational processing of scenes. Younger adults had significantly greater IFG and parahippocampal activation than older adults, and greater parahippocampal activation compared to low-performing older adults for relational processing-providing partial support for the PASA model. Observations of significant functional connectivity within the medial temporal lobe and greater negative left IFG-right hippocampus/parahippocampus functional connectivity for young compared to low-performing older adults for relational processing also supports the PASA effect partially.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Miyakoshi
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA;
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
- Department of Gerontechnology, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Ohbu 474-8511, Aichi, Japan
| | | | - Chiao-Yi Wu
- Centre for Research in Child Development, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637616, Singapore;
| | - Toshiharu Nakai
- Department of Gerontechnology, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Ohbu 474-8511, Aichi, Japan
- Department of Dental Radiology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan;
- Institute of NeuroImaging & Informatics, Ohbu 474-8511, Aichi, Japan
| | - Shen-Hsing Annabel Chen
- School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639818, Singapore;
- Centre for Research and Development in Learning, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637335, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 308232, Singapore
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Coughlan G, Bouffard NR, Golestani A, Thakral PP, Schacter DL, Grady C, Moscovitch M. Transcranial magnetic stimulation to the angular gyrus modulates the temporal dynamics of the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:3255-3264. [PMID: 36573400 PMCID: PMC10016030 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) delivered to the angular gyrus (AG) affects hippocampal function and associated behaviors (Thakral PP, Madore KP, Kalinowski SE, Schacter DL. Modulation of hippocampal brain networks produces changes in episodic simulation and divergent thinking. 2020a. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 117:12729-12740). Here, we examine if functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)-guided TMS disrupts the gradient organization of temporal signal properties, known as the temporal organization, in the hippocampus (HPC) and entorhinal cortex (ERC). For each of 2 TMS sessions, TMS was applied to either a control site (vertex) or to a left AG target region (N = 18; 14 females). Behavioral measures were then administered, and resting-state scans were acquired. Temporal dynamics were measured by tracking change in the fMRI signal (i) "within" single voxels over time, termed single-voxel autocorrelation and (ii) "between" different voxels over time, termed intervoxel similarity. TMS reduced AG connectivity with the hippocampal target and induced more rapid shifting of activity in single voxels between successive time points, lowering the single-voxel autocorrelation, within the left anteromedial HPC and posteromedial ERC. Intervoxel similarity was only marginally affected by TMS. Our findings suggest that hippocampal-targeted TMS disrupts the functional properties of the target site along the anterior/posterior axis. Further studies should examine the consequences of altering the temporal dynamics of these medial temporal areas to the successful processing of episodic information under task demand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian Coughlan
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, 3560 Bathurst St, North York, Ontario M6A 2E1, Canada
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 15 Parkman St, Boston, MA 02114, United States
| | - Nichole R Bouffard
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, 3560 Bathurst St, North York, Ontario M6A 2E1, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, 27 King's College Cir, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G3, Canada
| | - Ali Golestani
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, 27 King's College Cir, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G3, Canada
| | - Preston P Thakral
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, 33 Kirkland St, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Boston College, 140 Commonwealth Ave, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, United States
| | - Daniel L Schacter
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, 33 Kirkland St, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States
| | - Cheryl Grady
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, 3560 Bathurst St, North York, Ontario M6A 2E1, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 250 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Morris Moscovitch
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Health Sciences, 3560 Bathurst St, North York, Ontario M6A 2E1, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, 27 King's College Cir, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G3, Canada
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12
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Utz KS, Kohl Z, Marterstock DC, Doerfler A, Winkler J, Schmidt M, Regensburger M. Neuropsychology and MRI correlates of neurodegeneration in SPG11 hereditary spastic paraplegia. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2022; 17:301. [PMID: 35906604 PMCID: PMC9336101 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-022-02451-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background SPG11-linked hereditary spastic paraplegia is characterized by multisystem neurodegeneration leading to a complex clinical and yet incurable phenotype of progressive spasticity and weakness. Severe cognitive symptoms are present in the majority of SPG11 patients, but a systematic and multidimensional analysis of the neuropsychological phenotype in a larger cohort is lacking. While thinning of the corpus callosum is a well-known structural hallmark observed in SPG11 patients, the neuroanatomical pattern of cortical degeneration is less understood. We here aimed to integrate neuropsychological and brain morphometric measures in SPG11. Methods We examined the neuropsychological profile in 16 SPG11 patients using a defined neuropsychological testing battery. Long-term follow up testing was performed in 7 patients. Cortical and subcortical degeneration was analyzed using an approved, artificial intelligence based magnetic resonance imaging brain morphometry, comparing patients to established reference values and to matched controls. Results In SPG11 patients, verbal fluency and memory as well as frontal-executive functions were severely impaired. Later disease stages were associated with a global pattern of impairments. Interestingly, reaction times correlated significantly with disease progression. Brain morphometry showed a significant reduction of cortical and subcortical parenchymal volume following a rostro-caudal gradient in SPG11. Whereas performance in memory tasks correlated with white matter damage, verbal fluency measures showed strong associations with frontal and parietal cortical volumes.
Conclusions The present data will help define neuropsychological and imaging read out parameters in early as well as in advanced clinical stages for future interventional trials in SPG11. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13023-022-02451-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin S Utz
- Department of Neurology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Zacharias Kohl
- Department of Molecular Neurology, FAU, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.,Center for Rare Diseases (ZSEER), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Arnd Doerfler
- Department of Neuroradiology, FAU, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Winkler
- Department of Molecular Neurology, FAU, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.,Center for Rare Diseases (ZSEER), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Martin Regensburger
- Department of Neurology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany. .,Department of Molecular Neurology, FAU, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany. .,Center for Rare Diseases (ZSEER), University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.
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13
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Future Prospects of Positron Emission Tomography–Magnetic Resonance Imaging Hybrid Systems and Applications in Psychiatric Disorders. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15050583. [PMID: 35631409 PMCID: PMC9147426 DOI: 10.3390/ph15050583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A positron emission tomography (PET)–magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) hybrid system has been developed to improve the accuracy of molecular imaging with structural imaging. However, the mismatch in spatial resolution between the two systems hinders the use of the hybrid system. As the magnetic field of the MRI increased up to 7.0 tesla in the commercial system, the performance of the MRI system largely improved. Several technical attempts in terms of the detector and the software used with the PET were made to improve the performance. As a result, the high resolution of the PET–MRI fusion system enables quantitation of metabolism and molecular information in the small substructures of the brainstem, hippocampus, and thalamus. Many studies on psychiatric disorders, which are difficult to diagnose with medical imaging, have been accomplished using various radioligands, but only a few studies have been conducted using the PET–MRI fusion system. To increase the clinical usefulness of medical imaging in psychiatric disorders, a high-resolution PET–MRI fusion system can play a key role by providing important information on both molecular and structural aspects in the fine structures of the brain. The development of high-resolution PET–MR systems and their potential roles in clinical studies of psychiatric disorders were reviewed as prospective views in future diagnostics.
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14
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Wynn SC, Nyhus E. Brain activity patterns underlying memory confidence. Eur J Neurosci 2022; 55:1774-1797. [PMID: 35304774 PMCID: PMC9314063 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The primary aim of this review is to examine the brain activity patterns that are related to subjectively perceived memory confidence. We focus on the main brain regions involved in episodic memory: the medial temporal lobe (MTL), prefrontal cortex (PFC), and posterior parietal cortex (PPC), and relate activity in their subregions to memory confidence. How this brain activity in both the encoding and retrieval phase is related to (subsequent) memory confidence ratings will be discussed. Specifically, encoding related activity in MTL regions and ventrolateral PFC mainly shows a positive linear increase with subsequent memory confidence, while dorsolateral and ventromedial PFC activity show mixed patterns. In addition, encoding-related PPC activity seems to only have indirect effects on memory confidence ratings. Activity during retrieval in both the hippocampus and parahippocampal cortex increases with memory confidence, especially during high-confident recognition. Retrieval-related activity in the PFC and PPC show mixed relationships with memory confidence, likely related to post-retrieval monitoring and attentional processes, respectively. In this review, these MTL, PFC, and PPC activity patterns are examined in detail and related to their functional roles in memory processes. This insight into brain activity that underlies memory confidence is important for our understanding of brain-behaviour relations and memory-guided decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syanah C Wynn
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Bowdoin College, Brunswick, ME, United States
| | - Erika Nyhus
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Bowdoin College, Brunswick, ME, United States
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15
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Deshpande G, Zhao X, Robinson J. Functional Parcellation of the Hippocampus based on its Layer-specific Connectivity with Default Mode and Dorsal Attention Networks. Neuroimage 2022; 254:119078. [PMID: 35276366 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent neuroimaging evidence suggests that there might be an anterior-posterior functional differentiation of the hippocampus along the long-axis. The HERNET (hippocampal encoding/retrieval and network) model proposed an encoding/retrieval dichotomy with the anterior hippocampus more connected to the dorsal attention network (DAN) during memory encoding, and the posterior portions more connected to the default mode network (DMN) during retrieval. Evidence both for and against the HERNET model has been reported. In this study, we test the validity of the HERNET model non-invasively in humans by computing functional connectivity (FC) in layer-specific cortico-hippocampal microcircuits. This was achieved by acquiring sub-millimeter functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data during encoding/retrieval tasks at 7T. Specifically, FC between infra-granular output layers of DAN with hippocampus during encoding and FC between supra-granular input layers of DMN with hippocampus during retrieval were computed to test the predictions of the HERNET model. Our results support some predictions of the HERNET model including anterior-posterior gradient along the long axis of the hippocampus. While preferential relationships between the entire hippocampus and DAN/DMN during encoding/retrieval, respectively, were observed as predicted, anterior-posterior specificity in these network relationships could not be confirmed. The strength and clarity of evidence for/against the HERNET model were superior with layer-specific data compared to conventional volume data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopikrishna Deshpande
- AU MRI Research Center, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Auburn University, 560 Devall Dr, Suite 266D, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; Department of Psychological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA; Alabama Advanced Imaging Consortium, Birmingham, AL, USA; Center for Neuroscience, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA; Key Laboratory for Learning and Cognition, School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China; Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India; Centre for Brain Research, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India.
| | - Xinyu Zhao
- AU MRI Research Center, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Auburn University, 560 Devall Dr, Suite 266D, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; Quora Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer Robinson
- AU MRI Research Center, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Auburn University, 560 Devall Dr, Suite 266D, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; Department of Psychological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA; Alabama Advanced Imaging Consortium, Birmingham, AL, USA; Center for Neuroscience, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
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16
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Castelhano J, Duarte I, Bernardino I, Pelle F, Francione S, Sales F, Castelo-Branco M. Intracranial recordings in humans reveal specific hippocampal spectral and dorsal vs. ventral connectivity signatures during visual, attention and memory tasks. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3488. [PMID: 35241722 PMCID: PMC8894428 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07225-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasive brain recordings using many electrodes across a wide range of tasks provide a unique opportunity to study the role of oscillatory patterning and functional connectivity. We used large-scale recordings (stereo EEG) within and beyond the human hippocampus to investigate the role of distinct frequency oscillations during real-time execution of visual, attention and memory tasks in eight epileptic patients. We found that activity patterns in the hippocampus showed task and frequency dependent properties. Importantly, we found distinct connectivity signatures, in particular concerning parietal-hippocampal connectivity, thus revealing large scale synchronization of networks involved in memory tasks. Comparing the power per frequency band, across tasks and hippocampal regions (anterior/posterior) we confirmed a main effect of frequency band (p = 0.002). Gamma band activity was higher for visuo-spatial memory tasks in the anterior hippocampus. Further, we found that alpha and beta band activity in posterior hippocampus had larger modulation for high memory load visual tasks (p = 0.004). Three functional connectivity task related networks were identified: (dorsal) parietal-hippocampus (visual attention and memory), ventral stream- hippocampus and hippocampal-frontal connections (mainly tasks involving face recognition or object based search). These findings support the critical role of oscillatory patterning in the hippocampus during visual and memory tasks and suggests the presence of task related spectral and functional connectivity signatures. These results show that the use of large scale human intracranial recordings can validate the role of oscillatory and functional connectivity patterns across a broad range of cognitive domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Castelhano
- ICNAS, University of Coimbra, Polo 3, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal.,CIBIT, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Isabel Duarte
- ICNAS, University of Coimbra, Polo 3, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Inês Bernardino
- ICNAS, University of Coimbra, Polo 3, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal.,CIBIT, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Federica Pelle
- Claudio Munari Epilepsy Surgery Center, Niguarda Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Francione
- Claudio Munari Epilepsy Surgery Center, Niguarda Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Miguel Castelo-Branco
- ICNAS, University of Coimbra, Polo 3, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Celas, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal. .,CIBIT, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
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17
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Haggstrom LR, Vardy JL, Carson EK, Segara D, Lim E, Kiely BE. Effects of Endocrine Therapy on Cognitive Function in Patients with Breast Cancer: A Comprehensive Review. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14040920. [PMID: 35205665 PMCID: PMC8870664 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14040920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Many persons diagnosed with breast cancer are treated with endocrine therapy and will experience the side effects of endocrine therapy. Cognitive adverse effects of endocrine therapy are increasingly being recognised, and can significantly affect quality of life, adherence and treatment outcome. This review aims to discuss the nature of cognitive dysfunction associated with endocrine therapy, the mechanisms underpinning its development, and evidence-based management strategies. Abstract Endocrine therapy forms the backbone of systemic therapy for the majority of persons with early and late-stage breast cancer. However, the side effects can negatively affect quality of life, and impact treatment adherence and overall oncological outcomes. Adverse effects on cognition are common, underreported and challenging to manage. We aim to describe the nature, incidence, risk factors and underlying mechanisms of endocrine therapy-induced cognitive dysfunction. We conducted a comprehensive literature review of the studies reporting on cognitive dysfunction associated with endocrine therapies for breast cancer. We also summarise prevention and treatment strategies, and ongoing research. Given that patients are taking endocrine therapies for longer durations than ever before, it is essential that these side effects are managed pro-actively within a multi-disciplinary team in order to promote adherence to endocrine therapy and improve patients’ quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy R. Haggstrom
- Campbelltown Hospital, Therry Road, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia; (L.R.H.); (E.-K.C.)
| | - Janette L. Vardy
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia;
- Concord Cancer Centre, Concord Repatriation and General Hospital, Concord, NSW 2139, Australia
| | - Emma-Kate Carson
- Campbelltown Hospital, Therry Road, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia; (L.R.H.); (E.-K.C.)
- Concord Clinical School, University of Sydney, Concord, NSW 2139, Australia
| | - Davendra Segara
- St Vincent’s Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia;
| | - Elgene Lim
- St Vincent’s Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia;
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia
- Correspondence: (E.L.); (B.E.K.)
| | - Belinda E. Kiely
- Campbelltown Hospital, Therry Road, Campbelltown, NSW 2560, Australia; (L.R.H.); (E.-K.C.)
- Concord Clinical School, University of Sydney, Concord, NSW 2139, Australia
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
- Correspondence: (E.L.); (B.E.K.)
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18
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Zajner C, Spreng RN, Bzdok D. Lacking Social Support is Associated With Structural Divergences in Hippocampus-Default Network Co-Variation Patterns. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2022; 17:802-818. [PMID: 35086149 PMCID: PMC9433851 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsac006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Elaborate social interaction is a pivotal asset of the human species. The complexity of people’s social lives may constitute the dominating factor in the vibrancy of many individuals’ environment. The neural substrates linked to social cognition thus appear especially susceptible when people endure periods of social isolation: here, we zoom in on the systematic inter-relationships between two such neural substrates, the allocortical hippocampus (HC) and the neocortical default network (DN). Previous human social neuroscience studies have focused on the DN, while HC subfields have been studied in most detail in rodents and monkeys. To bring into contact these two separate research streams, we directly quantified how DN subregions are coherently co-expressed with specific HC subfields in the context of social isolation. A two-pronged decomposition of structural brain scans from ∼40 000 UK Biobank participants linked lack of social support to mostly lateral subregions in the DN patterns. This lateral DN association co-occurred with HC patterns that implicated especially subiculum, presubiculum, CA2, CA3 and dentate gyrus. Overall, the subregion divergences within spatially overlapping signatures of HC–DN co-variation followed a clear segregation into the left and right brain hemispheres. Separable regimes of structural HC–DN co-variation also showed distinct associations with the genetic predisposition for lacking social support at the population level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Zajner
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre (BIC), Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI), Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal H3A2B4, Canada
| | - R Nathan Spreng
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre (BIC), Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI), Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal H3A2B4, Canada
| | - Danilo Bzdok
- Correspondence should be addressed to Danilo Bzdok, McConnell Brain Imaging Centre (BIC), Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI), Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal H3A2B4, Canada. E-mail:
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19
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Ge X, Zheng Y, Qiao Y, Pan N, Simon JP, Lee M, Jiang W, Kim H, Shi Y, Liu M. Hippocampal Asymmetry of Regional Development and Structural Covariance in Preterm Neonates. Cereb Cortex 2021; 32:4271-4283. [PMID: 34969086 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Premature birth is associated with a high prevalence of neurodevelopmental impairments in surviving infants. The hippocampus is known to be critical for learning and memory, yet the putative effects of hippocampal dysfunction remain poorly understood in preterm neonates. In particular, while asymmetry of the hippocampus has been well noted both structurally and functionally, how preterm birth impairs hippocampal development and to what extent the hippocampus is asymmetrically impaired by preterm birth have not been well delineated. In this study, we compared volumetric growth and shape development in the hippocampal hemispheres and structural covariance (SC) between hippocampal vertices and cortical thickness in cerebral cortex regions between two groups. We found that premature infants had smaller volumes of the right hippocampi only. Lower thickness was observed in the hippocampal head in both hemispheres for preterm neonates compared with full-term peers, though preterm neonates exhibited an accelerated age-related change of hippocampal thickness in the left hippocampi. The SC between the left hippocampi and the limbic lobe of the premature infants was severely impaired compared with the term-born neonates. These findings suggested that the development of the hippocampus during the third trimester may be altered following early extrauterine exposure with a high degree of asymmetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinting Ge
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Normal University, 250014 Jinan, China.,Department of Neurology, USC Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.,School of Medical Imaging, Xuzhou Medical University, 221004 Xuzhou, China
| | - Yuanjie Zheng
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Normal University, 250014 Jinan, China
| | - Yuchuan Qiao
- Department of Neurology, USC Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Ningning Pan
- School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Normal University, 250014 Jinan, China
| | - Julia Pia Simon
- Department of Neurology, USC Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Mitchell Lee
- Department of Neurology, USC Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Wenjuan Jiang
- College of Pharmacy, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Hosung Kim
- Department of Neurology, USC Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Yonggang Shi
- Department of Neurology, USC Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Mengting Liu
- Department of Neurology, USC Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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20
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Zaiser AK, Bader R, Meyer P. High feature overlap reveals the importance of anterior and medial temporal lobe structures for learning by means of fast mapping. Cortex 2021; 146:74-88. [PMID: 34839220 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2021.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Contrary to traditional theories of declarative memory, it has recently been shown that novel, arbitrary associations can rapidly and directly be integrated into cortical memory networks by means of a learning procedure called fast mapping (FM), possibly bypassing time-consuming hippocampal-neocortical consolidation processes. In the typical FM paradigm, a picture of a previously unknown item is presented next to a picture of a previously known item and participants answer a question referring to an unfamiliar label, thereby incidentally creating associations between the unknown item and the label. However, contradictory findings have been reported and factors moderating rapid cortical integration through FM yet need to be identified. Previous behavioral results showed that rapid semantic integration through FM was boosted if the unknown and the known item shared many features. In light of this, we propose that the perirhinal cortex might be especially qualified to support the rapid incorporation of these associations into cortical memory networks within the FM paradigm, due to its computational mechanisms during the processing of complex and particularly highly similar objects. We therefore expected that a high degree of feature overlap between the unknown and the known item would trigger strong engagement of the perirhinal cortex at encoding, which in turn might enhance rapid cortical integration of the novel picture-label associations. Within an fMRI experiment, we observed greater subsequent memory effects (i.e., stronger activation for subsequent hits than misses) during encoding in the perirhinal cortex and an associated anterior temporal network if the items shared many features than if they shared few features. This indicates that the perirhinal cortex indeed contributes to the acquisition of novel associations by means of FM if feature overlap is high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Kathrin Zaiser
- Experimental Neuropsychology Unit, Department of Psychology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany; Department of Applied Psychology, SRH University Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Regine Bader
- Experimental Neuropsychology Unit, Department of Psychology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Patric Meyer
- Department of Applied Psychology, SRH University Heidelberg, Germany; Network Aging Research (NAR), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
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21
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Strýček O, Lamoš M, Rektor I. Memory retrieval in temporal lobe epilepsy is related to functional segregation of the mesiotemporal structures. Epilepsy Behav 2021; 122:108196. [PMID: 34256340 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2021.108196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We analyzed the impact of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) with hippocampal sclerosis (HS) on functional connectivity (FC) between mesiotemporal structures. Functional connectivity modifications related to word retrieval were investigated. METHODS High-density EEG of 21 patients with TLE with HS (12 left TLE and 9 right TLE) and 10 healthy controls (HCs) were recorded during a verbal subsequent memory paradigm. Electroencephalography data were reconstructed into the source space and FC was calculated from the source activity of regions of interest. RESULTS A significant decrease in FC between the right- and left-sided mesiotemporal structures in TLE was observed. The decrease was significant only with words that were correctly recognized. The decrease in interhemispheric FC between mesiotemporal structures was found in the 8- to 20-Hz frequency range in both left and right TLE. SIGNIFICANCE The decreased FC between the mesiotemporal structures in TLE is a condition for successful performance of a memory retrieval task. The successful memory retrieval in TLE is related to functional segregation of lesional from nonlesional mesiotemporal structures. This decrease was absent in non-successful responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondřej Strýček
- First Department of Neurology, St. Anne's University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Brain and Mind Research Program, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Lamoš
- Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Brain and Mind Research Program, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Rektor
- First Department of Neurology, St. Anne's University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Brain and Mind Research Program, Brno, Czech Republic.
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22
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Wang X, Chen Q, Li Y, Ding K, Qiu J. The brain functional connectivity in the default mode network is associated with self-efficacy in young adults. Brain Imaging Behav 2021; 16:107-117. [PMID: 34424443 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-021-00480-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Self-efficacy is a subjective belief that depends on self-related past experience, and is a strong predictor for individual future performance. To the aim of promoting one's future performance, it is necessary to gain better knowledge of it's cognitive process and brain mechanism. The present research sought to investigate the functional connectivity basis of self-efficacy by using the resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging data of a large sample of young adults (536 participants). Multiple regression analysis was performed to examine the relationship between self-efficacy integrated score and brain functional connectivity measures. Gender, age, mean framewise displacement and grey matter volume were used as nuisance covariates. The whole-brain analysis revealed an association between self-efficacy and the functional connectivity of several regions within the default mode network. These regions included the right anterior cingulate cortex, the left posterior cingulate cortex/precuneus and bilateral parahippocampal cortex. Our findings suggest that the default mode network plays a crucial role in self-efficacy, and hold the view that episodic memory and self-related processing have influence on self-efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Wang
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Qunlin Chen
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Li
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Ke Ding
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiang Qiu
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China. .,Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China.
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23
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Huizeling E, Wang H, Holland C, Kessler K. Changes in theta and alpha oscillatory signatures of attentional control in older and middle age. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 54:4314-4337. [PMID: 33949008 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent behavioural research has reported age-related changes in the costs of refocusing attention from a temporal (rapid serial visual presentation) to a spatial (visual search) task. Using magnetoencephalography, we have now compared the neural signatures of attention refocusing between three age groups (19-30, 40-49 and 60+ years) and found differences in task-related modulation and cortical localisation of alpha and theta oscillations. Efficient, faster refocusing in the youngest group compared to both middle age and older groups was reflected in parietal theta effects that were significantly reduced in the older groups. Residual parietal theta activity in older individuals was beneficial to attentional refocusing and could reflect preserved attention mechanisms. Slowed refocusing of attention, especially when a target required consolidation, in the older and middle-aged adults was accompanied by a posterior theta deficit and increased recruitment of frontal (middle-aged and older groups) and temporal (older group only) areas, demonstrating a posterior to anterior processing shift. Theta but not alpha modulation correlated with task performance, suggesting that older adults' stronger and more widely distributed alpha power modulation could reflect decreased neural precision or dedifferentiation but requires further investigation. Our results demonstrate that older adults present with different alpha and theta oscillatory signatures during attentional control, reflecting cognitive decline and, potentially, also different cognitive strategies in an attempt to compensate for decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Huizeling
- Aston Research Centre for Healthy Ageing, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
- Institute of Health and Neurodevelopment, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
- Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Hongfang Wang
- Institute of Health and Neurodevelopment, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Carol Holland
- Aston Research Centre for Healthy Ageing, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
- Centre for Ageing Research, Division of Health Research, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Klaus Kessler
- Aston Research Centre for Healthy Ageing, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
- Institute of Health and Neurodevelopment, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
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24
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Blest-Hopley G, O'Neill A, Wilson R, Giampietro V, Bhattacharyya S. Disrupted parahippocampal and midbrain function underlie slower verbal learning in adolescent-onset regular cannabis use. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2021; 238:1315-1331. [PMID: 31814047 PMCID: PMC8062355 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-019-05407-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Prolonged use of cannabis, the most widely used illicit drug worldwide, has been consistently associated with impairment in memory and verbal learning. Although the neurophysiological underpinnings of these impairments have been investigated previously using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), while performing memory tasks, the results of these studies have been inconsistent and no clear picture has emerged yet. Furthermore, no previous studies have investigated trial-by-trial learning. OBJECTIVES We aimed to investigate the neural underpinnings of impaired verbal learning in cannabis users as estimated over repeated learning trials. METHODS We studied 21 adolescent-onset regular cannabis users and 21 non-users using fMRI performed at least 12 h after last cannabis use, while they performed a paired associate verbal learning task that allowed us to examine trial-by-trial learning. Brain activation during repeated verbal encoding and recall conditions of the task was indexed using the blood oxygen level-dependent haemodynamic response fMRI signal. RESULTS There was a significant improvement in recall score over repeated trials indicating learning occurring across the two groups of participants. However, learning was significantly slower in cannabis users compared to non-users (p = 0.032, partial eta-squared = 0.108). While learning verbal stimuli over repeated encoding blocks, non-users displayed progressive increase in recruitment of the midbrain, parahippocampal gyrus and thalamus (p = 0.00939, partial eta-squared = 0.180). In contrast, cannabis users displayed a greater but disrupted activation pattern in these regions, which showed a stronger correlation with new word-pairs learnt over the same blocks in cannabis users than in non-users. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that disrupted medial temporal and midbrain function underlie slower learning in adolescent-onset cannabis users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Blest-Hopley
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Aisling O'Neill
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Robin Wilson
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Vincent Giampietro
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Sagnik Bhattacharyya
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK.
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, Camberwell, London, UK.
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25
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Dugré JR, Dumais A, Tikasz A, Mendrek A, Potvin S. Functional connectivity abnormalities of the long-axis hippocampal subregions in schizophrenia during episodic memory. NPJ SCHIZOPHRENIA 2021; 7:19. [PMID: 33658524 PMCID: PMC7930183 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-021-00147-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Past evidence suggests that hippocampal subregions, namely the anterior and posterior parts, may be engaged in distinct networks underlying the memory functions which may be altered in patients with schizophrenia. However, of the very few studies that have investigated the hippocampal longitudinal axis subdivisions functional connectivity in patients with schizophrenia, the majority was based on resting-state data, and yet, none aimed to examine these during an episodic memory task. A total of 41 patients with schizophrenia and 45 healthy controls were recruited for a magnetic resonance imaging protocol in which they performed an explicit memory task. Seed-based functional connectivity analysis was employed to assess connectivity abnormalities between hippocampal subregions and voxel-wise connectivity targets in patients with schizophrenia. We observed a significantly reduced connectivity between the posterior hippocampus and regions from the default mode network, but increased connectivity with the primary visual cortex, in patients with schizophrenia compared to healthy subjects. Increased connectivity between the anterior hippocampus and anterior temporal regions also characterized patients with schizophrenia. In the current study, we provided evidence and support for studying hippocampal subdivisions along the longitudinal axis in schizophrenia. Our results suggest that the abnormalities in hippocampal subregions functional connectivity reflect deficits in episodic memory that may be implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jules R Dugré
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Alexandre Dumais
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Institut National de Psychiatrie Légale Philippe-Pinel, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Andras Tikasz
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Adriana Mendrek
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Bishop's University, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Stéphane Potvin
- Centre de Recherche de l'Institut Universitaire en Santé Mentale de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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26
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Should context hold a special place in hippocampal memory? PSYCHOLOGY OF LEARNING AND MOTIVATION 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.plm.2021.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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27
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Hatzipantelis C, Langiu M, Vandekolk TH, Pierce TL, Nithianantharajah J, Stewart GD, Langmead CJ. Translation-Focused Approaches to GPCR Drug Discovery for Cognitive Impairments Associated with Schizophrenia. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2020; 3:1042-1062. [PMID: 33344888 PMCID: PMC7737210 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.0c00117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
There are no effective therapeutics for cognitive impairments associated with schizophrenia (CIAS), which includes deficits in executive functions (working memory and cognitive flexibility) and episodic memory. Compounds that have entered clinical trials are inadequate in terms of efficacy and/or tolerability, highlighting a clear translational bottleneck and a need for a cohesive preclinical drug development strategy. In this review we propose hippocampal-prefrontal-cortical (HPC-PFC) circuitry underlying CIAS-relevant cognitive processes across mammalian species as a target source to guide the translation-focused discovery and development of novel, procognitive agents. We highlight several G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) enriched within HPC-PFC circuitry as therapeutic targets of interest, including noncanonical approaches (biased agonism and allosteric modulation) to conventional clinical targets, such as dopamine and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, along with prospective novel targets, including the orphan receptors GPR52 and GPR139. We also describe the translational limitations of popular preclinical cognition tests and suggest touchscreen-based assays that probe cognitive functions reliant on HPC-PFC circuitry and reflect tests used in the clinic, as tests of greater translational relevance. Combining pharmacological and behavioral testing strategies based in HPC-PFC circuit function creates a cohesive, translation-focused approach to preclinical drug development that may improve the translational bottleneck currently hindering the development of treatments for CIAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra
J. Hatzipantelis
- Drug
Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Monica Langiu
- Drug
Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Teresa H. Vandekolk
- Drug
Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Tracie L. Pierce
- Drug
Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Jess Nithianantharajah
- Florey
Institute of Neuroscience
and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Gregory D. Stewart
- Drug
Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Christopher J. Langmead
- Drug
Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
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28
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Fritch HA, Spets DS, Slotnick SD. Functional connectivity with the anterior and posterior hippocampus during spatial memory. Hippocampus 2020; 31:658-668. [DOI: 10.1002/hipo.23283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haley A. Fritch
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Boston College Chestnut Hill Massachusetts USA
| | - Dylan S. Spets
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Boston College Chestnut Hill Massachusetts USA
| | - Scott D. Slotnick
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Boston College Chestnut Hill Massachusetts USA
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29
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Hung J, Wang X, Wang X, Bi Y. Functional subdivisions in the anterior temporal lobes: a large scale meta-analytic investigation. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 115:134-145. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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30
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Chen W, Liu B, Li X, Wang P, Wang B. Sex Differences in Spatial Memory. Neuroscience 2020; 443:140-147. [PMID: 32710913 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Spatial memory is an essential ability for living. Some studies have demonstrated the finding of sex differences in spatial memory. However, the results are diverse, ranging from "significant difference" to "no difference". In this study, we sought to determine the underlying sex differences observed during spatial memory by examining neurofunctional differences in the distinct cortical regions that lay within the spatial memory network. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to measure neural responses while healthy young adults were engaged in spatial memory tasks with different levels of memory load. Our results not only illustrate consistent spatial memory networks between the female and male groups but also find a functional interaction between sex and difficulty in left superior frontal gyrus (lSFG) during the encoding phase. In addition, sex divergences in spatial memory appear when task difficulty increases. In sum, our study supports the existence of sex differences in spatial memory and demonstrates the role of task-difficulty expressed in terms of spatial memory involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenfei Chen
- College of Intelligence and Computing, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cognitive Computing and Application, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Baolin Liu
- School of Computer and Communication Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Xianglin Li
- Medical Imaging Research Institute, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, PR China
| | - Peiyuan Wang
- Department of Radiology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, PR China
| | - Bin Wang
- Medical Imaging Research Institute, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, PR China
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31
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Seok JW, Cheong C. Functional dissociation of hippocampal subregions corresponding to memory types and stages. J Physiol Anthropol 2020; 39:15. [PMID: 32616078 PMCID: PMC7331241 DOI: 10.1186/s40101-020-00225-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The hippocampus reportedly plays a crucial role in memory. However, examining individual human hippocampal-subfield function remains challenging because of their small sizes and convoluted structures. Here, we identified hippocampal subregions involved in memory types (implicit and explicit memory) and stages (encoding and retrieval). Methods We modified the serial reaction time task to examine four memory types, i.e. implicit encoding, explicit encoding, implicit retrieval, and explicit retrieval. During this task, 7-T functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to compare brain activity evoked by these memory types. Results We found hippocampal activation according to all memory types and stages and identified that the hippocampus subserves both implicit and explicit memory processing. Moreover, we confirmed that cornu ammonis (CA) regions 1–3 were implicated in both memory encoding and retrieval, whereas the subiculum was implicated only in memory retrieval. We also found that CA 1–3 was activated more for explicit than implicit memory. Conclusions These results elucidate human hippocampal-subfield functioning underlying memory and may support future investigations into hippocampal-subfield functioning in health and neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Woo Seok
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,Department of Rehabilitation Counseling Psychology, Seoul Hanyoung University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chaejoon Cheong
- Center for Research Equipment, Korea Basic Science Institute, 162 Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang, Cheongju, 28119, Chungbook, Republic of Korea.
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32
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Fritch HA, MacEvoy SP, Thakral PP, Jeye BM, Ross RS, Slotnick SD. The anterior hippocampus is associated with spatial memory encoding. Brain Res 2020; 1732:146696. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.146696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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33
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Renoult L, Rugg MD. An historical perspective on Endel Tulving's episodic-semantic distinction. Neuropsychologia 2020; 139:107366. [PMID: 32007511 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2020.107366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The distinction between episodic and semantic memory, proposed by Endel Tulving in 1972, remains a key concept in contemporary Cognitive Neuroscience. Here we review how this distinction evolved in Tulving's writings over the years. Crucially, from 1972 onward, he argued that the two forms of memory were inter-dependent and that their interaction was an essential feature of normal episodic memory function. Moreover, later elaborations of the theory clearly proposed that these interactions formed the basis of normal declarative memory functioning. A later but crucial aspect of Tulving's contribution was his stress on the importance of subjective experience, which, according to him, "should be the ultimate object of interest, the central aspect of remembering that is to be explained and understood". We relate these and his numerous other ideas to current perspectives about the organization and function of human memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Renoult
- School of Psychology, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.
| | - Michael D Rugg
- School of Psychology, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Center for Vital Longevity and School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, University of Texas, Dallas, USA
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34
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Martial C, Cassol H, Laureys S, Gosseries O. Near-Death Experience as a Probe to Explore (Disconnected) Consciousness. Trends Cogn Sci 2020; 24:173-183. [PMID: 31982302 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2019.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Forty-five years ago, the first evidence of near-death experience (NDE) during comatose state was provided, setting the stage for a new paradigm for studying the neural basis of consciousness in unresponsive states. At present, the state of consciousness associated with NDEs remains an open question. In the common view, consciousness is said to disappear in a coma with the brain shutting down, but this is an oversimplification. We argue that a novel framework distinguishing awareness, wakefulness, and connectedness is needed to comprehend the phenomenon. Classical NDEs correspond to internal awareness experienced in unresponsive conditions, thereby corresponding to an episode of disconnected consciousness. Our proposal suggests new directions for NDE research, and more broadly, consciousness science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Martial
- Coma Science Group, GIGA-Consciousness, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; Centre du Cerveau (Centre intégré pluridisciplinaire de l'étude du cerveau, de la cognition et de la conscience), University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
| | - Héléna Cassol
- Coma Science Group, GIGA-Consciousness, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; Centre du Cerveau (Centre intégré pluridisciplinaire de l'étude du cerveau, de la cognition et de la conscience), University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Steven Laureys
- Coma Science Group, GIGA-Consciousness, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; Centre du Cerveau (Centre intégré pluridisciplinaire de l'étude du cerveau, de la cognition et de la conscience), University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Olivia Gosseries
- Coma Science Group, GIGA-Consciousness, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; Centre du Cerveau (Centre intégré pluridisciplinaire de l'étude du cerveau, de la cognition et de la conscience), University Hospital of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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35
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Tsitsiklis M, Miller J, Qasim SE, Inman CS, Gross RE, Willie JT, Smith EH, Sheth SA, Schevon CA, Sperling MR, Sharan A, Stein JM, Jacobs J. Single-Neuron Representations of Spatial Targets in Humans. Curr Biol 2020; 30:245-253.e4. [PMID: 31902728 PMCID: PMC6981010 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2019.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The hippocampus and surrounding medial-temporal-lobe (MTL) structures are critical for both memory and spatial navigation, but we do not fully understand the neuronal representations used to support these behaviors. Much research has examined how the MTL neurally represents spatial information, such as with "place cells" that represent an animal's current location or "head-direction cells" that code for an animal's current heading. In addition to behaviors that require an animal to attend to the current spatial location, navigating to remote destinations is a common part of daily life. To examine the neural basis of these behaviors, we recorded single-neuron activity from neurosurgical patients playing Treasure Hunt, a virtual-reality spatial-memory task. By analyzing how the activity of these neurons related to behavior in Treasure Hunt, we found that the firing rates of many MTL neurons during navigation significantly changed depending on the position of the current spatial target. In addition, we observed neurons whose firing rates during navigation were tuned to specific heading directions in the environment, and others whose activity changed depending on the timing within the trial. By showing that neurons in our task represent remote locations rather than the subject's own position, our results suggest that the human MTL can represent remote spatial information according to task demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melina Tsitsiklis
- Doctoral Program in Neurobiology and Behavior, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Jonathan Miller
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Salman E Qasim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Cory S Inman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Robert E Gross
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Jon T Willie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Elliot H Smith
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Sameer A Sheth
- Department of Neurosurgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Catherine A Schevon
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Michael R Sperling
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Ashwini Sharan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Joel M Stein
- Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Joshua Jacobs
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA.
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36
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Chu S, Thavabalasingam S, Hamel L, Aashat S, Tay J, Ito R, Lee ACH. Exploring the interaction between approach-avoidance conflict and memory processing. Memory 2019; 28:141-156. [PMID: 31795819 DOI: 10.1080/09658211.2019.1696827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The medial temporal lobe (MTL) has been implicated in approach-avoidance (AA) conflict processing, which arises when a stimulus is imbued with both positive and negative valences. Notably, since the MTL has been traditionally viewed as a mnemonic brain region, a pertinent question is how AA conflict and memory processing interact with each other behaviourally. We conducted two behavioural experiments to examine whether increased AA conflict processing has a significant impact on incidental mnemonic encoding and inferential reasoning. In Experiment 1, participants first completed a reward and punishment AA task and were subsequently administered a surprise recognition memory test for stimuli that were presented during high and no AA conflict trials. In Experiment 2, participants completed a reward and punishment task in which they learned the valences of objects presented in pairs (AB, BC pairs). Next, we assessed their ability to integrate information across these pairs (infer A-C relationships) and examined whether inferential reasoning was more challenging across objects with conflicting compared to non-conflicting incentive values. We observed that increased motivational conflict did not significantly impact encoding or inferential reasoning. Potential explanations for these findings are considered, including the possibility that AA conflict and memory processing are not necessarily intertwined behaviourally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Chu
- Department of Psychological Clinical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Laurie Hamel
- Department of Psychology (Scarborough), University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Supreet Aashat
- Department of Psychology (Scarborough), University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jonathan Tay
- Department of Psychology (Scarborough), University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Rutsuko Ito
- Department of Psychological Clinical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Psychology (Scarborough), University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Andy C H Lee
- Department of Psychological Clinical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Psychology (Scarborough), University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.,Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Centre, Toronto, Canada
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Kranzler EC, Schmälzle R, Pei R, Hornik RC, Falk EB. Message-Elicited Brain Response Moderates the Relationship Between Opportunities for Exposure to Anti-Smoking Messages and Message Recall. THE JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION 2019; 69:589-611. [PMID: 32009669 PMCID: PMC6977712 DOI: 10.1093/joc/jqz035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Campaign success is contingent on adequate exposure; however, exposure opportunities (e.g., ad reach/frequency) are imperfect predictors of message recall. We hypothesized that the exposure-recall relationship would be contingent on message processing. We tested moderation hypotheses using 3 data sets pertinent to "The Real Cost" anti-smoking campaign: past 30-day ad recall from a rolling national survey of adolescents aged 13-17 (n = 5,110); ad-specific target rating points (TRPs), measuring ad reach and frequency; and ad-elicited response in brain regions implicated in social processing and memory encoding, from a separate adolescent sample aged 14-17 (n = 40). Average ad-level brain activation in these regions moderates the relationship between national TRPs and large-scale recall (p < .001), such that the positive exposure-recall relationship is more strongly observed for ads that elicit high levels of social processing and memory encoding in the brain. Findings advance communication theory by demonstrating conditional exposure effects, contingent on social and memory processes in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elissa C Kranzler
- Wharton Risk Management and Decision Processes Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Ralf Schmälzle
- College of Communication Arts and Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Rui Pei
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Robert C Hornik
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Emily B Falk
- Annenberg School for Communication, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Wharton Marketing Department, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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Zhu J, Zhu DM, Zhang C, Wang Y, Yang Y, Yu Y. Quantitative prediction of individual cognitive flexibility using structural MRI. Brain Imaging Behav 2019; 13:781-788. [PMID: 29855990 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-018-9905-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive flexibility, a core dimension of executive functions, refers to one's ability to switch between multiple tasks and sets in a quick and flexible manner. However, whether objective neuroimaging can be used to quantitatively predict cognitive flexibility at the individual level remains largely unexplored. High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging data of 100 healthy young participants from the Human Connectome Project (HCP) dataset were used to calculate gray matter volume (GMV). Cognitive flexibility was assessed by the Dimensional Change Card Sort Test (DCCS). Using a multivariate machine learning technique known as relevance vector regression (RVR), we examined the relationship between GMV and cognitive flexibility performance. We found that the application of RVR to GMV allowed quantitative prediction of the DCCS scores with statistically significant accuracy (correlation = 0.41, P = 0.0001; mean squared error = 73.35, P = 0.0001). Accurate prediction was mainly based on GMV in the temporal regions. In addition, a univariate approach also revealed an inverse association between DCCS scores and GMV in the temporal areas. Our findings provide preliminary support to the development of neuroimaging techniques as a useful means to inform the cognitive assessment of individuals. Furthermore, the significant contribution of temporal regions suggests the prominent role of temporal cortex morphology in individual differences in cognitive flexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Zhu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218, Jixi Road, Shushan District, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Dao-Min Zhu
- Department of Sleep Disorders, Hefei Fourth People's Hospital, Hefei, 230022, China.,Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Cun Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218, Jixi Road, Shushan District, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Yajun Wang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218, Jixi Road, Shushan District, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218, Jixi Road, Shushan District, Hefei, 230022, China
| | - Yongqiang Yu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218, Jixi Road, Shushan District, Hefei, 230022, China.
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Involvement of hippocampal subfields and anterior-posterior subregions in encoding and retrieval of item, spatial, and associative memories: Longitudinal versus transverse axis. Neuroimage 2019; 191:568-586. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.01.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Ofen N, Tang L, Yu Q, Johnson EL. Memory and the developing brain: From description to explanation with innovation in methods. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2019; 36:100613. [PMID: 30630777 PMCID: PMC6529263 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2018.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in human cognitive neuroscience show great promise in extending our understanding of the neural basis of memory development. We briefly review the current state of knowledge, highlighting that most work has focused on describing the neural correlates of memory in cross-sectional studies. We then delineate three examples of the application of innovative methods in addressing questions that go beyond description, towards a mechanistic understanding of memory development. First, structural brain imaging and the harmonization of measurements across laboratories may uncover ways in which the maturation of the brain constrains the development of specific aspects of memory. Second, longitudinal designs and sophisticated modeling of the data may identify age-driven changes and the factors that determine individual developmental trajectories. Third, recording memory-related activity directly from the developing brain presents an unprecedented opportunity to examine how distinct brain structures support memory in real time. Finally, the growing prevalence of data sharing offers additional means to tackle questions that demand large-scale datasets, ambitious designs, and access to rare samples. We propose that the use of such innovative methods will move our understanding of memory development from a focus on describing trends to explaining the causal factors that shape behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noa Ofen
- Life-Span Cognitive Neuroscience Program, Institute of Gerontology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States; Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States; Merrill Palmer Skillman Institute for Child & Family Development, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States; Neurobiology Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
| | - Lingfei Tang
- Life-Span Cognitive Neuroscience Program, Institute of Gerontology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States; Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States
| | - Qijing Yu
- Life-Span Cognitive Neuroscience Program, Institute of Gerontology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States; Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States
| | - Elizabeth L Johnson
- Life-Span Cognitive Neuroscience Program, Institute of Gerontology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States; Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States
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41
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Foerster M, Thielens A, Joseph W, Eeftens M, Röösli M. A Prospective Cohort Study of Adolescents' Memory Performance and Individual Brain Dose of Microwave Radiation from Wireless Communication. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2018; 126:077007. [PMID: 30044230 PMCID: PMC6108834 DOI: 10.1289/ehp2427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The potential impact of microwave radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) emitted by wireless communication devices on neurocognitive functions of adolescents is controversial. In a previous analysis, we found changes in figural memory scores associated with a higher cumulative RF-EMF brain dose in adolescents. OBJECTIVE We aimed to follow-up our previous results using a new study population, dose estimation, and approach to controlling for confounding from media usage itself. METHODS RF-EMF brain dose for each participant was modeled. Multivariable linear regression models were fitted on verbal and figural memory score changes over 1 y and on estimated cumulative brain dose and RF-EMF related and unrelated media usage (n=669-676). Because of the hemispheric lateralization of memory, we conducted a laterality analysis for phone call ear preference. To control for the confounding of media use behaviors, a stratified analysis for different media usage groups was also conducted. RESULTS We found decreased figural memory scores in association with an interquartile range (IQR) increase in estimated cumulative RF-EMF brain dose scores: -0.22 (95% CI: -0.47, 0.03; IQR: 953 mJ/kg per day) in the whole sample, -0.39 (95% CI: -0.67, -0.10; IQR: 953 mJ/kg per day) in right-side users (n=532), and -0.26 (95% CI: -0.42, -0.10; IQR: 341 mJ/kg per day) when recorded network operator data were used for RF-EMF dose estimation (n=274). Media usage unrelated to RF-EMF did not show significant associations or consistent patterns, with the exception of consistent (nonsignificant) positive associations between data traffic duration and verbal memory. CONCLUSIONS Our findings for a cohort of Swiss adolescents require confirmation in other populations but suggest a potential adverse effect of RF-EMF brain dose on cognitive functions that involve brain regions mostly exposed during mobile phone use. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP2427.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Foerster
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Arno Thielens
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, Berkeley Wireless Research Center, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
- Interuniversity Microelectronics Centre (IMEC), Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wout Joseph
- Interuniversity Microelectronics Centre (IMEC), Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Information Technology, Waves research group, Ghent University
| | - Marloes Eeftens
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Röösli
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Time-dependent memory transformation along the hippocampal anterior-posterior axis. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1205. [PMID: 29572516 PMCID: PMC5865114 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03661-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
With time, memories undergo a neural reorganization that is linked to a transformation of detailed, episodic into more semantic, gist-like memory. Traditionally, this reorganization is thought to involve a redistribution of memory from the hippocampus to neocortical areas. Here we report a time-dependent reorganization within the hippocampus, along its anterior–posterior axis, that is related to the transformation of detailed memories into gist-like representations. We show that mnemonic representations in the anterior hippocampus are highly distinct and that anterior hippocampal activity is associated with detailed memory but decreases over time. Posterior hippocampal representations, however, are more gist-like at a later retention interval, and do not decline over time. These findings indicate that, in addition to the well-known systems consolidation from hippocampus to neocortex, there are changes within the hippocampus that are crucial for the temporal dynamics of memory. Detailed memories are transformed into gist-like memories over time. Here, the authors report that this change is linked to a time-dependent reorganization within the hippocampus, such that anterior activity supporting memory specificity declines over time while posterior activity patterns carrying gist representations remain more stable.
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43
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Henson R. A Mini-Review of fMRI Studies of Human Medial Temporal Lobe Activity Associated with Recognition Memory. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 58:340-60. [PMID: 16194973 DOI: 10.1080/02724990444000113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This review considers event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies of human recognition memory that have or have not reported activations within the medial temporal lobes (MTL). For comparisons both between items at study (encoding) and between items at test (recognition), MTL activations are characterized as left/right, anterior/posterior, and hippocampus/surrounding cortex, and as a function of the stimulus material and relevance of item/source information. Though no clear pattern emerges, there are trends suggesting differences between item and source information, and verbal and spatial information, and a role for encoding processes during recognition tests. Important future directions are considered.
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44
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Harrison TM, McLaren DG, Moody TD, Feusner JD, Bookheimer SY. Generalized Psychophysiological Interaction (PPI) Analysis of Memory Related Connectivity in Individuals at Genetic Risk for Alzheimer's Disease. J Vis Exp 2017. [PMID: 29286444 DOI: 10.3791/55394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In neuroimaging, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) measures the blood-oxygenation-level dependent (BOLD) signal in the brain. The degree of correlation of the BOLD signal in spatially independent regions of the brain defines the functional connectivity of those regions. During a cognitive fMRI task, a psychophysiological interaction (PPI) analysis can be used to examine changes in the functional connectivity during specific contexts defined by the cognitive task. An example of such a task is one that engages the memory system, asking participants to learn pairs of unrelated words (encoding) and recall the second word in a pair when presented with the first word (retrieval). In the present study, we used this type of associative memory task and a generalized PPI (gPPI) analysis to compare changes in hippocampal connectivity in older adults who are carriers of the Alzheimer's disease (AD) genetic risk factor apolipoprotein-E epsilon-4 (APOEε4). Specifically, we show that the functional connectivity of subregions of the hippocampus changes during encoding and retrieval, the two active phases of the associative memory task. Context-dependent changes in functional connectivity of the hippocampus were significantly different in carriers of APOEε4 compared to non-carriers. PPI analyses make it possible to examine changes in functional connectivity, distinct from univariate main effects, and to compare these changes across groups. Thus, a PPI analysis may reveal complex task effects in specific cohorts that traditional univariate methods do not capture. PPI analyses cannot, however, determine directionality or causality between functionally connected regions. Nevertheless, PPI analyses provide powerful means for generating specific hypotheses regarding functional relationships, which can be tested using causal models. As the brain is increasingly described in terms of connectivity and networks, PPI is an important method for analyzing fMRI task data that is in line with the current conception of the human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa M Harrison
- Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles;
| | | | - Teena D Moody
- Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Jamie D Feusner
- Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles
| | - Susan Y Bookheimer
- Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles
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45
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Thakral PP, Benoit RG, Schacter DL. Characterizing the role of the hippocampus during episodic simulation and encoding. Hippocampus 2017; 27:1275-1284. [PMID: 28843046 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.22796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2017] [Revised: 08/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The hippocampus has been consistently associated with episodic simulation (i.e., the mental construction of a possible future episode). In a recent study, we identified an anterior-posterior temporal dissociation within the hippocampus during simulation. Specifically, transient simulation-related activity occurred in relatively posterior portions of the hippocampus and sustained activity occurred in anterior portions. In line with previous theoretical proposals of hippocampal function during simulation, the posterior hippocampal activity was interpreted as reflecting a transient retrieval process for the episodic details necessary to construct an episode. In contrast, the sustained anterior hippocampal activity was interpreted as reflecting the continual recruitment of encoding and/or relational processing associated with a simulation. In the present study, we provide a direct test of these interpretations by conducting a subsequent memory analysis of our previously published data to assess whether successful encoding during episodic simulation is associated with the anterior hippocampus. Analyses revealed a subsequent memory effect (i.e., later remembered > later forgotten simulations) in the anterior hippocampus. The subsequent memory effect was transient and not sustained. Taken together, the current findings provide further support for a component process model of hippocampal function during simulation. That is, unique regions of the hippocampus support dissociable processes during simulation, which include the transient retrieval of episodic information, the sustained binding of such information into a coherent episode, and the transient encoding of that episode for later retrieval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preston P Thakral
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02138
| | - Roland G Benoit
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Daniel L Schacter
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02138
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46
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Reply to Csifcsák and Mittner: Fitting data to neural models of mind-wandering. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E6033. [PMID: 28705871 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1707780114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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47
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Lee SW, Choi J, Lee JS, Yoo JH, Kim KW, Kim D, Park H, Jeong B. Altered Function of Ventrolateral Prefrontal Cortex in Adolescents with Peer Verbal Abuse History. Psychiatry Investig 2017; 14:441-451. [PMID: 28845171 PMCID: PMC5561402 DOI: 10.4306/pi.2017.14.4.441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous studies showing the association of exposure to peer (PeVA) and parental verbal abuse in childhood with structural alterations in the young adult brain suggest functional changes in adolescence. In this functional MRI study, we investigated the effects of exposure to PeVA, during elementary and middle school periods, on brain response to emotional words, in high school students. METHODS An emotional Stroop task consisting of swear, negative, positive, and neutral words was performed during functional MRI scan for 23 subjects who were divided into low- and high exposure groups to PeVA. RESULTS High-PeVA group had a higher depression score, greater left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC) activity, and higher left VLPFC-left hippocampus connectivity in swear word conditions. The VLPFC activity and left VLPFC-left hippocampus connectivity was negatively related to the severity of anxiety and depressive symptoms, respectively. CONCLUSION These preliminary findings support the hypothesis that exposure to PeVA, during childhood, is an aversive stimulus associated with meaningful functional change in emotional regulation network, showing hypersensitivity to swear words, at middle adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Won Lee
- Computational Affective Neuroscience and Development Laboratory, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeewook Choi
- Department of Psychiatry, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Sun Lee
- Department of Psychology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hyun Yoo
- Computational Affective Neuroscience and Development Laboratory, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ko Woon Kim
- Computational Affective Neuroscience and Development Laboratory, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongchan Kim
- Department of Electrical Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - HyunWook Park
- Department of Electrical Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Bumseok Jeong
- Computational Affective Neuroscience and Development Laboratory, Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- KI for Health Science and Technology, KAIST Institute, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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48
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Hua J, Miao X, Agarwal S, Bettegowda C, Quiñones-Hinojosa A, Laterra J, Van Zijl PCM, Pekar JJ, Pillai JJ. Language Mapping Using T2-Prepared BOLD Functional MRI in the Presence of Large Susceptibility Artifacts-Initial Results in Patients With Brain Tumor and Epilepsy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 3:105-113. [PMID: 28804779 PMCID: PMC5552052 DOI: 10.18383/j.tom.2017.00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
At present, presurgical functional mapping is the most prevalent clinical application of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Signal dropouts and distortions caused by susceptibility effects in the current standard echo planar imaging (EPI)-based fMRI images are well-known problems and pose a major hurdle for the application of fMRI in several brain regions, many of which are related to language mapping in presurgical planning. Such artifacts are particularly problematic in patients with previous surgical resection cavities, craniotomy hardware, hemorrhage, and vascular malformation. A recently developed T2-prepared (T2prep) fMRI approach showed negligible distortion and dropouts in the entire brain even in the presence of large susceptibility effects. Here, we present initial results comparing T2prep- and multiband EPI-fMRI scans for presurgical language mapping using a sentence completion task in patients with brain tumor and epilepsy. In all patients scanned, T2prep-fMRI showed minimal image artifacts (distortion and dropout) and greater functional sensitivity than EPI-fMRI around the lesions containing blood products and in air-filled cavities. This enhanced sensitivity in T2prep-fMRI was also evidenced by the fact that functional activation during the sentence completion task was detected with T2prep-fMRI but not with EPI-fMRI in the affected areas with the same statistical threshold, whereas cerebrovascular reactivity during a breath-hold task was preserved in these same regions, implying intact neurovascular coupling in these patients. Although further investigations are required to validate these findings with invasive methods such as direct cortical stimulation mapping as the gold standard, this approach provides an alternative method for performing fMRI in brain regions with large susceptibility effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hua
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland.,Neurosection, Division of MRI Research, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Xinyuan Miao
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland.,Neurosection, Division of MRI Research, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Shruti Agarwal
- Division of Neuroradiology, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Chetan Bettegowda
- Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - John Laterra
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Peter C M Van Zijl
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland.,Neurosection, Division of MRI Research, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - James J Pekar
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland.,Neurosection, Division of MRI Research, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jay J Pillai
- Division of Neuroradiology, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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Josephs KA, Murray ME, Tosakulwong N, Whitwell JL, Knopman DS, Machulda MM, Weigand SD, Boeve BF, Kantarci K, Petrucelli L, Lowe VJ, Jack CR, Petersen RC, Parisi JE, Dickson DW. Tau aggregation influences cognition and hippocampal atrophy in the absence of beta-amyloid: a clinico-imaging-pathological study of primary age-related tauopathy (PART). Acta Neuropathol 2017; 133:705-715. [PMID: 28160067 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-017-1681-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We investigate whether there is any association between the Braak neurofibrillary tangle (NFT) stage and clinical and MRI features in definite primary age-related tauopathy (PART). We analysed 52 cases with a Braak NFT tangle stage >0 and ≤IV, and a Thal phase of 0 (no beta-amyloid present). Twenty-nine (56%) were female. Median age at death was 88 years (IQR 82-92 years). Fifteen (29%) were TDP-positive (75% TDP stage I), 16 (31%) had argyrophilic grain disease and three (6%) had alpha-synuclein-positive Lewy bodies. TDP-43 inclusion when present were rare and predominantly perivascular. Of the 15 with TDP-43, three showed a moderate number of inclusions and also had hippocampal sclerosis, neuronal intranuclear inclusions and fine neurites of the CA1 region of the hippocampus. Four cases (8%) had an apolipoprotein epsilon 4 (APOE4) allele. There was a significant correlation between age at death and Braak NFT stage (r = 0.32, p = 0.02). After accounting for age at clinical examination, there were significant associations between Braak NFT stage, and WAIS-R Block Design and Trail Making Tests A and B, with higher Braak stage associated with poorer performances. Thirty of the 52 cases had completed an antemortem volumetric head MRI. Two separate MRI analyses revealed an association between higher Braak NFT stage and grey matter atrophy in the head of the left hippocampus. There were no significant clinical or radiologic associations with TDP-43. Findings from this study demonstrate that aggregated tau distribution is associated with poorer cognitive performance, as well as atrophy, in the absence of beta-amyloid. These findings support the parcellation of definite PART as a useful construct. The relatively low frequencies of APOE4, TDP-43, Lewy bodies, and hippocampal sclerosis, and the rarity and morphology of TDP-43 lesions are noted contrasts to what is typically observed in Alzheimer's disease of the old.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith A Josephs
- Behavioral Neurology, Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
- Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA.
| | | | - Nirubol Tosakulwong
- Biostatistics, Department of Health Science Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jennifer L Whitwell
- Radiology Research, Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - David S Knopman
- Behavioral Neurology, Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Mary M Machulda
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Stephen D Weigand
- Biostatistics, Department of Health Science Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Bradley F Boeve
- Behavioral Neurology, Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Kejal Kantarci
- Radiology Research, Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Val J Lowe
- Radiology Research, Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Clifford R Jack
- Radiology Research, Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ronald C Petersen
- Behavioral Neurology, Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Joseph E Parisi
- Neuropathology, Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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Kim JH, Kim JH, Son YD, Joo YH, Lee SY, Kim HK, Woo MK. Altered interregional correlations between serotonin transporter availability and cerebral glucose metabolism in schizophrenia: A high-resolution PET study using [ 11C]DASB and [ 18F]FDG. Schizophr Res 2017; 182:55-65. [PMID: 27760700 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2016.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the patterns of interregional correlations of serotonin transporter (SERT) availability with glucose metabolism using 7-Tesla magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and high-resolution positron emission tomography (PET) with 11C-3-amino-4-(2-dimethylaminomethylphenylthio)benzonitrile ([11C]DASB) and [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG) in antipsychotic-free patients with schizophrenia in order to shed new light on the disrupted functional connectivity in schizophrenia. Nineteen patients with schizophrenia and 18 healthy controls underwent high-resolution PET and MRI. The binding potential (BPND) of [11C]DASB and standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR) of [18F]FDG were obtained. In SERT availability, the region of interest (ROI)-based analyses showed no significant group differences in any region, except for the anterior hippocampus where the SERT availability was lower in patients with schizophrenia than in controls. The ROI- and voxel-based analyses revealed that the [18F]FDG SUVR values were significantly lower in patients than in controls in the right superior frontal gyrus and medial part of the left superior frontal gyrus. Regarding the interregional correlations of [11C]DASB BPND with [18F]FDG SUVR, more widespread positive correlations across the brain regions were observed in control subjects than in patients with schizophrenia. Notably, the patients and control subjects showed statistically significant differences in correlations between the SERT availability in the parietal and temporal cortices and the glucose metabolism in the posterior cingulate cortex. These results suggest abnormal functional connectivity between the higher-order cortical regions in schizophrenia and a possible important role of the posterior cingulate gyrus and its related circuitry in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Hee Kim
- Research Institute for Advanced Industrial Technology, Korea University, Sejong, Republic of Korea; Neuroscience Research Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Hoon Kim
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea; Department of Psychiatry, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University School of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young-Don Son
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Health Science, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yo-Han Joo
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Yoon Lee
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea; Department of Radiological Science, College of Health Science, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hang-Keun Kim
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Health Science, Gachon University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Kyun Woo
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, USA
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