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Sharma M, Sharma S, Paavan, Gupta M, Goyal S, Talukder D, Akhtar MS, Kumar R, Umar A, Alkhanjaf AAM, Baskoutas S. Mechanisms of microbial resistance against cadmium - a review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2024; 22:13-30. [PMID: 38887775 PMCID: PMC11180082 DOI: 10.1007/s40201-023-00887-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
The escalating cadmium influx from industrial activities and anthropogenic sources has raised serious environmental concerns due to its toxic effects on ecosystems and human health. This review delves into the intricate mechanisms underlying microbial resistance to cadmium, shedding light on the multifaceted interplay between microorganisms and this hazardous heavy metal. Cadmium overexposure elicits severe health repercussions, including renal carcinoma, mucous membrane degradation, bone density loss, and kidney stone formation in humans. Moreover, its deleterious impact extends to animal and plant metabolism. While physico-chemical methods like reverse osmosis and ion exchange are employed to mitigate cadmium contamination, their costliness and incomplete efficacy necessitate alternative strategies. Microbes, particularly bacteria and fungi, exhibit remarkable resilience to elevated cadmium concentrations through intricate resistance mechanisms. This paper elucidates the ingenious strategies employed by these microorganisms to combat cadmium stress, encompassing metal ion sequestration, efflux pumps, and enzymatic detoxification pathways. Bioremediation emerges as a promising avenue for tackling cadmium pollution, leveraging microorganisms' ability to transform toxic cadmium forms into less hazardous derivatives. Unlike conventional methods, bioremediation offers a cost-effective, environmentally benign, and efficient approach. This review amalgamates the current understanding of microbial cadmium resistance mechanisms, highlighting their potential for sustainable remediation strategies. By unraveling the intricate interactions between microorganisms and cadmium, this study contributes to advancing our knowledge of bioremediation approaches, thereby paving the way for safer and more effective cadmium mitigation practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monu Sharma
- Department of Biosciences and Technology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, 133207 Haryana India
| | - Sonu Sharma
- Department of Biosciences and Technology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, 133207 Haryana India
| | - Paavan
- Department of Biotechnology, Ambala College of Engineering and Applied Research, Devsthali, Ambala, 133101 Haryana India
| | - Mahiti Gupta
- Department of Biosciences and Technology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, 133207 Haryana India
| | - Soniya Goyal
- Department of Biosciences and Technology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, 133207 Haryana India
| | - Daizee Talukder
- Department of Biosciences and Technology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, 133207 Haryana India
| | - Mohd. Sayeed Akhtar
- Department of Botany, Gandhi Faiz-E-Aam College, Shahjahanpur, 242001 Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Raman Kumar
- Department of Biosciences and Technology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, 133207 Haryana India
| | - Ahmad Umar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and ArtsPromising Centre for Sensors and Electronic Devices (PCSED), Najran University, Najran, 11001 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Abdulrab Ahmed M. Alkhanjaf
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, 11001 Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sotirios Baskoutas
- Department of Materials Science, University of Patras, 26500 Patras, Greece
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2
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Cui J, Wang Y. Premature ovarian insufficiency: a review on the role of tobacco smoke, its clinical harm, and treatment. J Ovarian Res 2024; 17:8. [PMID: 38191456 PMCID: PMC10775475 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-023-01330-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is a condition in which the quantity of follicles and the quality of oocytes gradually decrease. This results in an estrogen secretion disorder and abnormal follicle development, which can lead to related diseases, early onset of menopause, sexual dysfunction, and an increased risk of cardiovascular issues, osteoporosis, and depression, among others. This disease significantly impacts the physical and mental health and overall quality of life of affected women. Factors such as genetic abnormalities, oophorectomy, radiotherapy for malignancy, idiopathic conditions, and an unhealthy lifestyle, including smoking, can accelerate the depletion of the follicular pool and the onset of menopause. Extensive research has been conducted on the detrimental effects of tobacco smoke on the ovaries. This article aims to review the advancements in understanding the impact of tobacco smoke on POI, both in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, we explore the potential adverse effects of common toxicants found in tobacco smoke, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), heavy metals like cadmium, alkaloids like nicotine and its major metabolite cotinine, benzo[a]pyrene, and aromatic amines. In addition to discussing the toxicants, this article also reviews the complications associated with POI and the current state of research and application of treatment methods. These findings will contribute to the development of more precise treatments for POI, offering theoretical support for enhancing the long-term quality of life for women affected by this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghan Cui
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110004, China.
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Toxic Effects of Cadmium on the Female Reproductive Organs a Review. FOLIA VETERINARIA 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/fv-2022-0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a common environmental pollutant present in soil and associated with many modern industrial processes. Cadmium may adversely influence the health of experimental animals and humans and exert significant effects on the reproductive tract morphology and physiology. During embryonic development, cadmium suppresses the normal growth and development of the ovaries, and in adults it disrupts the morphology and function of the ovaries and uterus. The exposure to cadmium has adverse effects on the oocyte meiotic maturation affecting the structure of ovarian tissue. The distribution of follicles and corpus luteum in the ovarian tissues has been shown to be disrupted, affecting the normal growth and development of the follicles. In the ovarian cortex, the number of follicles at different stages of maturation decreased, and the number of atretic follicles increased. In the medulla, oedema and ovarian haemorrhage and necrosis appears at higher doses. Granulosa cells exposed to cadmium exhibited morphological alterations. Oocyte development was inhibited and the amount of oocyte apoptosis was higher. Cadmium exposure also caused changes in the structure of the ovarian blood vessels with reduction in the vascular area. Cadmium effects included increased uterine weight, hyperplasia and hypertrophy of the endometrial lining. Exposure to cadmium had specific effects on gonadal steroidogenesis by suppressing steroid biosynthesis of the ovarian granulosa cells and luteal cells. Progesterone, follicle stimulating hormone, and luteinizing hormone decreased significantly after CdCl2 administration. Cadmium can suppress the female’s ovulation process and cause temporary infertility.
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Dutta S, Gorain B, Choudhury H, Roychoudhury S, Sengupta P. Environmental and occupational exposure of metals and female reproductive health. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:62067-62092. [PMID: 34558053 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16581-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Untainted environment promotes health, but the last few decades experienced steep upsurge in environmental contaminants posing detrimental physiological impact. The responsible factors mainly include the exponential growth of human population, havoc rise in industrialization, poorly planned urbanization, and slapdash environment management. Environmental degradation can increase the likelihood of human exposure to heavy metals, resulting in health consequences such as reproductive problems. As a result, research into metal-induced causes of reproductive impairment at the genetic, epigenetic, and biochemical levels must be strengthened further. These metals impact upon the female reproduction at all strata of its regulation and functions, be it development, maturation, or endocrine functions, and are linked to an increase in the causes of infertility in women. Chronic exposures to the heavy metals may lead to breast cancer, endometriosis, endometrial cancer, menstrual disorders, and spontaneous abortions, as well as pre-term deliveries, stillbirths. For example, endometriosis, endometrial cancer, and spontaneous abortions are all caused by the metalloestrogen cadmium (Cd); lead (Pb) levels over a certain threshold can cause spontaneous abortion and have a teratogenic impact; toxic amounts of mercury (Hg) have an influence on the menstrual cycle, which can lead to infertility. Impact of environmental exposure to heavy metals on female fertility is therefore a well-known fact. Thus, the underlying mechanisms must be explained and periodically updated, given the growing evidence on the influence of increasing environmental heavy metal load on female fertility. The purpose of this review is to give a concise overview of how heavy metal affects female reproductive health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulagna Dutta
- Department of Oral Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, MAHSA University, Jenjarom, Malaysia
| | - Bapi Gorain
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia
| | - Hira Choudhury
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Pallav Sengupta
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Jenjarom, Malaysia.
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Khatun J, Intekhab A, Dhak D. Effect of uncontrolled fertilization and heavy metal toxicity associated with arsenic(As), lead(Pb) and cadmium (Cd), and possible remediation. Toxicology 2022; 477:153274. [PMID: 35905945 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2022.153274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this growing age of population,agriculture plays a significant role by providing food and employment to millions of people. But to meet the growing need of food day by day the demand of fast and quality plant production becomes a must. Fertilization is one of such activities which are people accustomed to do for this purpose from a very long time. But the excessive uses of chemical fertilizers are showing negative influence on the environmental and public health. The paper mainly focuses on how the excessive use of chemical fertilizers are affecting the soil health as well as the water bodies by accumulating heavy metals (HMs) and other chemical elements present in them and the possible remediation measures.In adequate levels, all heavy metals are hazardous. However, some of them e.g., arsenic (As), lead (Pb) and Cadmium (Cd) are of particular relevance due to their environmental concentrations. The paper also provides a comprehensive discussion of the sources, uses, toxicity, and remediation of these particular HMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julekha Khatun
- Nanomaterials Research Lab, Department of Chemistry, Sidho-Kanho-Birsha University, Purulia -723104, India
| | - Ashad Intekhab
- Department of Civil Engineering, Swami Vivekananda University, Kolkata -700121, India
| | - Debasis Dhak
- Nanomaterials Research Lab, Department of Chemistry, Sidho-Kanho-Birsha University, Purulia -723104, India.
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Dias de Farias DS, Rossi S, da Costa Bomfim A, Lima Fragoso AB, Santos-Neto EB, José de Lima Silva F, Lailson-Brito J, Navoni JA, Gavilan SA, Souza do Amaral V. Bioaccumulation of total mercury, copper, cadmium, silver, and selenium in green turtles (Chelonia mydas) stranded along the Potiguar Basin, northeastern Brazil. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 299:134331. [PMID: 35339524 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Sea turtles face several threats and pollution has become a major concern for their conservation worldwide. We analyzed samples of the liver, muscles, and kidneys of 38 Chelonia mydas stranded along the Potiguar Basin, northeastern Brazil, between 2015 and 2018 to determine the total Hg concentration (THg), as well as the concentrations of Cu, Cd, Ag, and Se. The relation between turtle size and element concentrations revealed a negative correlation for THg and Se (liver, muscles, and kidneys), Cu and Cd (liver and kidneys) and a positive correlation for Ag in the three organs analyzed. Concentrations of THg, Cu, Ag, and Se were high in the liver, highlighting the Cu concentration (median = 25.1150 μg g-1 w.w.), while the kidneys had the highest Cd levels (median = 12.2200 μg g-1 w.w.). There was significant difference between element concentrations and the three organs analyzed, except for Ag and Se concentrations in the muscle and kidney samples. Our study showed that green turtles found in Potiguar Basin, northeastern Brasil, have bioaccumulated inorganic elements which indicate the need of further investigations on the environmental quality of the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Solon Dias de Farias
- Programa de Doutorado em Desenvolvimento e Meio Ambiente - DDMA, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil; Projeto Cetáceos da Costa Branca - Universidade do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte (PCCB-UERN), Campus Central, CEP 59600-000, Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil; Centro de Estudos e Monitoramento Ambiental (CEMAM), CEP 59655-000, Areia Branca/Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil; Laboratório de Morfofisiologia de Vertebrados, Departamento de Morfologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Silmara Rossi
- Laboratório de Morfofisiologia de Vertebrados, Departamento de Morfologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Aline da Costa Bomfim
- Programa de Doutorado em Desenvolvimento e Meio Ambiente - DDMA, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil; Projeto Cetáceos da Costa Branca - Universidade do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte (PCCB-UERN), Campus Central, CEP 59600-000, Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil; Centro de Estudos e Monitoramento Ambiental (CEMAM), CEP 59655-000, Areia Branca/Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil; Laboratório de Morfofisiologia de Vertebrados, Departamento de Morfologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Ana Bernadete Lima Fragoso
- Projeto Cetáceos da Costa Branca - Universidade do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte (PCCB-UERN), Campus Central, CEP 59600-000, Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil; Centro de Estudos e Monitoramento Ambiental (CEMAM), CEP 59655-000, Areia Branca/Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Elitieri Batista Santos-Neto
- Laboratório de Mamíferos Aquáticos e Bioindicadores "Profa. Izabel Gurgel" (MAQUA), Faculdade de Oceanografia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Flávio José de Lima Silva
- Projeto Cetáceos da Costa Branca - Universidade do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte (PCCB-UERN), Campus Central, CEP 59600-000, Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil; Centro de Estudos e Monitoramento Ambiental (CEMAM), CEP 59655-000, Areia Branca/Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - José Lailson-Brito
- Laboratório de Mamíferos Aquáticos e Bioindicadores "Profa. Izabel Gurgel" (MAQUA), Faculdade de Oceanografia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Julio Alejandro Navoni
- Programa de Doutorado em Desenvolvimento e Meio Ambiente - DDMA, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Uso Sustentável de Recursos Naturais do Instituto Federal do Rio Grande do Norte/ IFRN, Brazil
| | - Simone Almeida Gavilan
- Projeto Cetáceos da Costa Branca - Universidade do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte (PCCB-UERN), Campus Central, CEP 59600-000, Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil; Centro de Estudos e Monitoramento Ambiental (CEMAM), CEP 59655-000, Areia Branca/Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil; Laboratório de Morfofisiologia de Vertebrados, Departamento de Morfologia, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), Natal, RN, Brazil
| | - Viviane Souza do Amaral
- Programa de Doutorado em Desenvolvimento e Meio Ambiente - DDMA, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN). Laboratório de Genética Toxicológica. Departamento de Biologia e Genética, Avenida Senador Salgado Filho, 3000, Lagoa Nova, Natal, Campus Central, RN, Brazil.
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Reproductive toxicity of heavy metals in fallow deer in vitro. ACTA VET BRNO 2021. [DOI: 10.2754/avb202190030277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Sertoli cells play a crucial role in male fertility through boosting and regulating the differentiation of spermatogonial stem cells into mature sperm during spermatogenesis. Female ovarian follicles are responsible for the production of mature ova and control of ovarian steroidogenesis. Disruption of these structures through exposure to environmental pollutants is critical for reproductive health. Here, we derived primary cell cultures of Sertoli cells and ovarian follicles from fallow deer (Dama dama). Cells were used as in vitro models to explore reproductive toxicity of heavy metals in wild species. Adverse effects of cadmium (CdCl2), methylmercury (MeHgCl2), and lead (PbCl2) were investigated through a range of equal molar concentrations (0, 15, 30, 60, 125, 250 µM). We found both concentration-dependent and independent cytotoxic patterns (P < 0.01, P < 0.05) in cells exposed to CdCl2, MeHgCl2, and PbCl2. Based on generation of lipid hydroperoxides, significant levels of cell oxidative perturbation were detected in the CdCl2 (P = 0.0001), PbCl2 (P = 0.001), and MeHgCl2 (P = 0.003) groups. Likewise, the antioxidant enzymes catalase and glutathione peroxidase were inhibited in all metal-treated groups (P < 0.01). Genotoxic DNA damage (single-strand break) was also observed (MeHgCl2 group, P = 0.002; CdCl2 and PbCl2 groups, P = 0.004). Increased activity of superoxide dismutase (P = 0.0002 and P = 0.01) was observed in MeHgCl2 and CdCl2, respectively. Cell apoptosis was detected in all the PbCl2 and CdCl2 (P = 0.00007) and MeHgCl2 (P = 0.001) groups. The results of this study can be used to characterize the responsiveness of fallow deer gonadal cells to the stress of toxic metal exposure.
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Amegah AK, Sewor C, Jaakkola JJK. Cadmium exposure and risk of adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of cohort and cohort-based case-control studies. JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE & ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 2021; 31:299-317. [PMID: 33510430 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-021-00289-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are several inconsistencies in the epidemiological literature on the strength of the association between cadmium exposure and adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes, and the threshold dose of adverse effect. OBJECTIVES We therefore conducted a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis to evaluate the available evidence to influence clinical decision making and better tailor public health interventions. METHODS PubMed and Scopus databases were searched up to January, 2019. Eighteen prospective studies satisfied the inclusion criteria. Random effects model was used to compute summary-effect estimates. RESULTS Cadmium exposure resulted in 42.11 g (95% confidence interval [CI]: -69.03, -15.18) reduction in birth weight, and 0.105 cm (95% CI: -0.181, -0.029) reduction in head circumference per 1 µg/l increment in blood/urine cadmium levels. Cadmium exposure also resulted in 21% (RR = 1.21; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.43), 32% (RR = 1.32; 95% CI: 1.05, 1.67) and 10% (RR = 1.10; 95% CI: 0.96, 1.27) increased risk of low birth weight (LBW), preterm birth (PTB), and small-for-gestational age (SGA), respectively. Risk for all outcomes decreased with decreasing exposure. In fixed effects dose-response meta-regression analyses, we found no evidence of association of cadmium exposure with LBW and SGA. For PTB, a 1 µg/l increment in cadmium exposure corresponded to 0.5% (OR = 1.005, 95% CI: 1.003, 1.007) increase in PTB risk. CONCLUSIONS Cadmium exposure was associated with risk of adverse birth outcomes. Regarding PTB, the formal dose-response meta-analyses suggests a causal association.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kofi Amegah
- Public Health Research Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana.
| | - Christian Sewor
- Public Health Research Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Jouni J K Jaakkola
- Center for Environmental and Respiratory Health Research (CERH), University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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Saedi S, Shirazi MRJ, Zamiri MJ, Totonchi M, Dadpasand M, Sedaghati F. Impaired follicular development and endocrine disorders in female rats by prepubertal exposure to toxic doses of cadmium. Toxicol Ind Health 2021; 36:63-75. [PMID: 32279652 DOI: 10.1177/0748233720912060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) has been associated with several physiological problems including reproductive and endocrine system dysfunction resulting in temporary infertility. The principal objective of this project was to investigate the effects of prepubertal exposure to toxic doses of Cd on puberty onset, the endocrine system, and follicular development. For this purpose, 16 female Sprague-Dawley rats weaned on postnatal day (PND) 21 were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 4 per group). The treatments were as follows: 0, 25, 50, and 75 mg/kg/day of cadmium chloride (CdCl2) by oral gavage from PND 21 to observation of first vaginal opening (VO). The results demonstrated that prepubertal exposure to different doses of CdCl2 delays the age of VO, first diestrus, and first proestrus via altering the concentrations of estradiol and progesterone. The low level of these steroid hormones contributed to lower differentiation and maturation of follicles and it finally led to reduced ovarian reservoir of follicles and impaired follicular development. The number of atretic follicles and secondary follicles with premature cavity increased in rats that received a high dose of CdCl2, whereas the number of secondary follicles and corpora luteum decreased in the same circumstances. Taken together, these data suggest that prepubertal exposure to toxic doses of Cd delays the onset of puberty via disorderliness in the concentration of steroid hormones and reduces the ovarian reservoir of follicles, as well as folliculogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saman Saedi
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Javad Zamiri
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Totonchi
- Department of Genetics, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Dadpasand
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sedaghati
- Department of Chemistry, Estahban Higher Education Center, Estahban, Iran
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Rehman AU, Nazir S, Irshad R, Tahir K, ur Rehman K, Islam RU, Wahab Z. Toxicity of heavy metals in plants and animals and their uptake by magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Liu J, Zeng L, Zhuang S, Zhang C, Li Y, Zhu J, Zhang W. Cadmium exposure during prenatal development causes progesterone disruptors in multiple generations via steroidogenic enzymes in rat ovarian granulosa cells. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 201:110765. [PMID: 32497815 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to the heavy metal cadmium (Cd) in the environment is linked to adverse health. To fully understand the adverse effects of this important endocrine-disrupting compound (EDC) requires studies that address multigenerational effects and epigenetic mechanisms. The present study orally dosed pregnant SD rats with Cd from gestation day 1 until birth. First filial generation (F1) female rats were mated with untreated males to generate the secondary filial generation (F2). Ovarian granulosa cells (OGCs) were collected at postnatal day (PND) 56 from both generations after prenatal Cd exposure, and hormone secretion examinations showed a progesterone disorder. Significant decreases in steroidogenic enzymes (steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) and P450 cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme (CYP11A1)) were observed in F1 and F2 rats. However, F1 and F2 rats had different patterns of mRNA and protein expression of steroidogenic factor 1 (SF-1). We also found that microRNAs were significantly changed using a microarray, and miR-10b-5p and miR-27a-3p were upregulated in F1 and F2 rats. The COV434 cell line microRNA-knockdown model showed that these two important microRNAs regulated the StAR-induced Cd effect on progesterone secretion. Overall, the results of this study indicate that prenatal Cd exposure causes cytotoxicity problems, progesterone disorder and microRNAs expression changed in a multigenerational manner. And progesterone disorder may interfere with the steroidogenic enzymes in offspring. The present study also revealed that environmental pollution produces multigenerational effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Liu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Cancer, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Xueyan Road No. 1, Minhou Coudslanty, Fuzhou, 350108, China.
| | - Lingfeng Zeng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Cancer, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Xueyan Road No. 1, Minhou Coudslanty, Fuzhou, 350108, China; School Key Discipline of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Public Health School, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, China.
| | - Siqi Zhuang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Cancer, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Xueyan Road No. 1, Minhou Coudslanty, Fuzhou, 350108, China.
| | - Chenyun Zhang
- Department of Health Law and Policy, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Xueyan Road No. 1, Minhou County, Fuzhou, 350108, China.
| | - Yuchen Li
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Cancer, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Xueyan Road No. 1, Minhou Coudslanty, Fuzhou, 350108, China.
| | - Jianlin Zhu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Cancer, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Xueyan Road No. 1, Minhou Coudslanty, Fuzhou, 350108, China.
| | - Wenchang Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Cancer, Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Xueyan Road No. 1, Minhou Coudslanty, Fuzhou, 350108, China.
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12
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Looking Inside the World of Granulosa Cells: The Noxious Effects of Cigarette Smoke. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8090309. [PMID: 32867029 PMCID: PMC7555008 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8090309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The detrimental implications of tobacco smoke on systemic health have been widely established during the past few decades. Nonetheless, increasing evidence has begun to shed more light on the serious impact that smoke exposure could also have on mammal reproductive health in terms of overall ovarian dysfunction and gestation. A variety of these complications seem to be causally related to specific chemical substances contained in cigarette smoke and their possible effects on ovarian tissues and cells, such as granulosa cells. Granulosa cells represent the functional unit of the ovary and are able to establish a bidirectional cross-talk relationship with the oocyte during folliculogenesis, which makes them vital for its correct growth and development. Based on these premises, the current review focuses on the presence of related smoke-induced damages in granulosa cells. Data have been grouped according to the studied tobacco constituents and the molecular pathways involved, in order to synthesize their impact on granulosa cells and fertility. Attention is further brought to the correlation between electronic cigarettes and female reproduction, although there have been no investigations so far regarding e-cigarette-related granulosa cell exposure. We summarize how tobacco constituents are able to cause alterations in the "life" of granulosa cells, ranging from luteal steroidogenesis and follicular loss to granulosa cell apoptosis and activation of the autophagic machinery. Further studies have been conducted to elucidate the relationship between lifestyle and fertility as to reduce the morbidity connected with infertility.
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Su H, Yang Y, Zou J, Cheng Y, Yang Y, Wu J, Pollak P, Yang Y. Transcriptome analysis of the ovary of beet armyworm Spodoptera exigua under different exposures of cadmium stress. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 251:126372. [PMID: 32169707 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal pollution is becoming an increasingly serious problem globally, and cadmium pollution ranks first in the world. Reproduction in insects is affected by cadmium stress in a dose-dependent manner. However, no previous studies have examined the molecular mechanisms underlying the influence of cadmium exposure on insect reproduction. In this study, RNA-Seq was used to investigate changes in ovary gene expression in newly emerged female beet army worms. The beet armyworms were reared under 4 cadmium concentrations: 0 mg/kg (control), low 0.2 mg/kg (L), medium 12.8 mg/kg (M) and high 51.2 mg/kg (H). Compared with the control (CK), a total of 3453 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in L cadmium stress, including 1791 up-regulated and 1662 down-regulated candidates; in L versus M groups, 982 up-regulated and 658 down-regulated DEGs; and in M versus H groups, 6508 up-regulated and 2000 down-regulated DEGs were identified and the expression patterns of ten genes were verified by q PCR. Many of the identified DEGs were relevant to juvenile hormone and molting hormone biosynthesis, insulin secretion, estrogen signaling, amino acid metabolism and lipid biosynthesis. These data will provide a molecular prospective to understand the ecological risk of heavy metal pollution and are a resource for selecting key genes as targets in gene-editing/silencing technologies for sustainable pest management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honghua Su
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China.
| | - Yang Yang
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China
| | - Jincheng Zou
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China
| | - Yuqing Cheng
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China
| | - Yong Yang
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China
| | - Jiaojiao Wu
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China
| | - Patrick Pollak
- Entomology Department, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Yizhong Yang
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, PR China.
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14
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Güner Ö, Güner A, Yavaşoğlu A, Karabay Yavaşoğlu NÜ, Kavlak O. Ameliorative effect of edible Halopteris scoparia against cadmium-induced reproductive toxicity in male mice: A biochemical and histopathologic study. Andrologia 2020; 52:e13591. [PMID: 32320493 DOI: 10.1111/and.13591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic metal affecting the reproductive system. Halopteris scoparia (brown algae) is generally consumed as a salad in the Far East countries. This study was conducted to compare and determine the possible protective effects of H. scoparia and vitamin E and C combination (VEC) against cadmium chloride (CdCl2 )-induced reproductive toxicity. A total of 36 male mice were equally divided into as control, CdCl2 (2 mg/kg), CdCl2 + H. scoparia (900 mg/kg), CdCl2 + VEC (200 mg/kg), H. scoparia alone and VEC alone groups. Blood and testis samples were taken for biochemical, histochemical and immunohistochemical analyses. H. scoparia was also examined for antioxidant activity (by DPPH assay) and mineral/trace element content (by ICP-MS method). CdCl2 exposure caused a significant deterioration in body weight, sperm parameters (count, motility, viability and morphology) (p < .001), histopathology, immunoreactivity and testosterone levels. However, H. scoparia improved CdCl2 -induced deterioration effects more successfully than VEC-treated group. The present study suggests that edible H. scoparia can be used as a natural protective agent against Cd-induced testicular damage by possibly enhancing essential element levels or increasing antioxidant defence system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Özlem Güner
- Department of Nursing, Sinop University School of Health, Sinop, Turkey
| | - Adem Güner
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Giresun University, Giresun, Turkey
| | - Altuğ Yavaşoğlu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | | | - Oya Kavlak
- Department of Gynecologic and Obstetric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
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15
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Subchronic Exposure to Cadmium Causes Persistent Changes in the Reproductive System in Female Wistar Rats. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:6490820. [PMID: 31949881 PMCID: PMC6935823 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6490820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 09/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is an environmental toxicant and endocrine disruptor in humans and animals, and recent studies have illustrated that the uterus is exceedingly sensitive to Cd toxicity. The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of subchronic (90 days) oral Cd exposure in daily doses of 0.09-4.5 mg/kg b.w. on the balance of sex hormones by estimating estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P) concentrations in the uterus and plasma in comparison with the effects of 17β-E2. Additionally, the uterine weight, histopathological changes in the uterus and ovaries, the regularity of the estrous cycle, Cd bioaccumulation in uterine tissue, and selected biochemical parameters of oxidative stress were determined. A long period of observation (three and six months following the administration period) was used to assess whether the existing effects are reversible. The lowest dose of Cd caused effects similar to 17β-E2: an increase of E2 concentration in the uterus, endometrial epithelium thickness, and disturbed estrous cycle with estrus phase prolongation. The obtained results suggest that Cd causes nonlinear response. Higher doses of Cd caused a significant decrease in E2 concentration in the uterus and plasma, estrous cycle disturbances, endometrium atrophy, and structural damage in the ovaries. This dose additionally induces lipid peroxidation in the uterine tissues. It is noteworthy that a prolonged time of observation after terminating the exposure showed persistent changes in the concentration of E2 in uterine tissue, as well as alterations in estrous cycle phases, and an increase in lipid peroxidation in the uterus. Moreover, significant positive correlations between the plasma E2 concentration and endometrial epithelium thickness in all studied groups were found. In summary, subchronic oral Cd exposure of female rats may result in impaired fertility processes.
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16
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Karaer A, Tuncay G, Tanrikut E, Ozgul O. Blood Cadmium Concentrations in Women with Ectopic Pregnancy. Biol Trace Elem Res 2018; 184:42-46. [PMID: 28990142 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-017-1179-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the blood level of cadmium and the occurrence of ectopic pregnancy. Forty-one (41) case patients with ectopic pregnancy and 41 uncomplicated intrauterine pregnant patients as controls were recruited. The concentrations of cadmium (Cd) were measured from blood samples using atomic absorption spectrometry. The cases and controls were similar in age, body mass index, and smoking habits. The median blood level of Cd was 0.32 μg/l (interquartile range [IQR] 0.00-0.71) in the women with ectopic pregnancies and 0.34 μg/l (IQR 0.09-0.59) in the controls. There was no significant association between blood cadmium levels and ectopic pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Karaer
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Inonu University, School of Medicine, 44315, Malatya, Turkey.
| | - Gorkem Tuncay
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Inonu University, School of Medicine, 44315, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Emrullah Tanrikut
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Malatya State Hospital, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Onur Ozgul
- Laboratory of Atomic Absorption Spectrometry, Scientific and Technological Research Center, Inonu University, Malatya, Turkey
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17
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Talio MC, Alesso M, Acosta M, Wills VS, Fernández LP. Sequential determination of nickel and cadmium in tobacco, molasses and refill solutions for e-cigarettes samples by molecular fluorescence. Talanta 2017; 174:221-227. [PMID: 28738572 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a new procedure was developed for separation and preconcentration of nickel(II) and cadmium(II) in several and varied tobacco samples. Tobacco samples were selected considering the main products consumed by segments of the population, in particular the age (youth) and lifestyle of the consumer. To guarantee representative samples, a randomized strategy of sampling was used. In the first step, a chemofiltration on nylon membrane is carried out employing eosin (Eo) and carbon nanotubes dispersed in sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) solution (phosphate buffer pH 7). In this condition, Ni(II) was selectively retained on the solid support. After that, the filtrate liquid with Cd(II) was re-conditioned with acetic acid /acetate buffer solution (pH 5) and followed by detection. A spectrofluorimetric determination of both metals was carried out, on the solid support and the filtered aqueous solution, for Ni(II) and Cd(II), respectively. The solid surface fluorescence (SSF) determination was performed at λem = 545nm (λex = 515nm) for Ni(II)-Eo complex and the fluorescence of Cd(II)-Eo was quantified in aqueous solution using λem = 565nm (λex = 540nm). The calibration graphs resulted linear in a range of 0.058-29.35μgL-1 for Ni(II) and 0.124-56.20μgL-1 for Cd(II), with detection limits of 0.019 and 0.041μgL-1 (S/N = 3). The developed methodology shows good sensitivity and adequate selectivity, and it was successfully applied to the determination of trace amounts of nickel and cadmium present in tobacco samples (refill solutions for e-cigarettes, snuff used in narguille (molasses) and traditional tobacco) with satisfactory results. The new methodology was validated by ICP-MS with adequate agreement. The proposed methodology represents a novel fluorescence application to Ni(II) and Cd(II) quantification with sensitivity and accuracy similar to atomic spectroscopies, introducing for the first time the quenching effect on SSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Carolina Talio
- Instituto de Química de San Luis (INQUISAL-CONICET), Chacabuco y Pedernera, 5700 San Luis, Argentina
| | - Magdalena Alesso
- Área de Química Analítica, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Mariano Acosta
- Instituto de Química de San Luis (INQUISAL-CONICET), Chacabuco y Pedernera, 5700 San Luis, Argentina
| | | | - Liliana P Fernández
- Área de Química Analítica, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de San Luis, San Luis, Argentina; Instituto de Química de San Luis (INQUISAL-CONICET), Chacabuco y Pedernera, 5700 San Luis, Argentina.
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18
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Budani MC, Tiboni GM. Ovotoxicity of cigarette smoke: A systematic review of the literature. Reprod Toxicol 2017; 72:164-181. [PMID: 28684319 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2017.06.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 06/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This study reviews the scientific literature on the noxious effects of cigarette smoke on the ovarian follicle, and the cumulative data on the impact of smoking on in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycle outcome. There is a close association between tobacco smoke and accelerated follicle loss, abnormal follicle growth and impairment of oocyte morphology and maturation. There is an increasing amount of evidence indicating that smoke can directly derange folliculogenesis. Increased cellular apoptosis or autophagy, DNA damage and abnormal crosstalk between oocyte and granulosa cells have been implicated in the demise of ovarian follicles. It becomes increasingly clear that maternal smoking can exert multigenerational effects on the ovarian function of the progeny. Growing evidence suggests that cigarette smoke is associated with decreased results after IVF. Further research is needed to better define the molecular mechanisms behind smoking-induced ovarian disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cristina Budani
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Italy
| | - Gian Mario Tiboni
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Italy.
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19
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Shakir SK, Azizullah A, Murad W, Daud MK, Nabeela F, Rahman H, Ur Rehman S, Häder DP. Toxic Metal Pollution in Pakistan and Its Possible Risks to Public Health. REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2017; 242:1-60. [PMID: 27464847 DOI: 10.1007/398_2016_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Environmental pollution has increased many folds in recent years and in some places has reached levels that are toxic to living things. Among pollutant types, toxic heavy metals and metalloids are among the chemicals that pose the highest threat to biological systems (Jjemba 2004). Unlike organic pollutants, which are biodegradable, heavy metals are not degraded into less hazardous end products (Gupta et al. 2001). Low concentrations of some heavy metals are essential for life, but some of them like Hg, As, Pb and Cd are biologically non-essential and very toxic to living organisms. Even the essential metals may become toxic if they are present at a concentration above the permissible level (Puttaiah and Kiran 2008). For example, exposure to Zn and Fe oxides produce gastric disorder and vomiting, irritation of the skin and mucous membranes. Intake of Ni, Cr, Pb, Cd and Cu causes heart problems, leukemia and cancer, while Co and Mg can cause anemia and hypertension (Drasch et al. 2006). Similarly, various studies indicated that overexposure to heavy metals in air can cause cardiovascular disorders (Miller et al. 2007; Schwartz 2001), asthma (Wiwatanadate and Liwsrisakun 2011), bronchitis/emphysema (Pope 2000), and other respiratory diseases (Dominici et al. 2006).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shakirullah Khan Shakir
- Department of Botany, Kohat University of Sciences and Technology (KUST), 26000, Kohat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Azizullah Azizullah
- Department of Botany, Kohat University of Sciences and Technology (KUST), 26000, Kohat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
| | - Waheed Murad
- Department of Botany, Kohat University of Sciences and Technology (KUST), 26000, Kohat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad K Daud
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, 26000, Pakistan
| | - Farhat Nabeela
- Department of Botany, Kohat University of Sciences and Technology (KUST), 26000, Kohat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Hazir Rahman
- Department of Microbiology, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat, 26000, Pakistan
| | - Shafiq Ur Rehman
- Department of Botany, Kohat University of Sciences and Technology (KUST), 26000, Kohat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
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20
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Izaguirry AP, Soares MB, Vargas LM, Spiazzi CC, Dos Santos Brum D, Noremberg S, Mendez ASL, Santos FW. Blueberry (Vaccinium ashei Reade) extract ameliorates ovarian damage induced by subchronic cadmium exposure in mice: Potential δ-ALA-D involvement. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2017; 32:188-196. [PMID: 26663770 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Females are born with a finite number of oocyte-containing follicles and ovary damage results in reduced fertility. Cadmium accumulates in the reproductive system, damaging it, and the cigarette smoke is a potential exposure route. Natural therapies are relevant to health benefits and disease prevention. This study verified the effect of cadmium exposure on the ovaries of mice and the blueberry extract as a potential therapy. Blueberry therapy was effective in restoring reactive species levels and δ-aminolevulinate dehydratase activity, and partially improved the viability of cadmium-disrupted follicles. This therapy was not able to restore the 17 β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity. Extract HPLC evaluation indicated the presence of quercetin, quercitrin, isoquercetin, and ascorbic acid. Ascorbic acid was the major substance and its concentration was 620.24 µg/mL. Thus, cadmium accumulates in the ovaries of mice after subchronic exposure, inducing cellular damage, and the blueberry extract possesses antioxidant properties that could protect, at least in part, the ovarian tissue from cadmium toxicity. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 188-196, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aryele Pinto Izaguirry
- Laboratório De Biotecnologia Da Reprodução (Biotech), Campus Uruguaiana, Universidade Federal Do Pampa, CEP 97500-970, Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Melina Bucco Soares
- Laboratório De Biotecnologia Da Reprodução (Biotech), Campus Uruguaiana, Universidade Federal Do Pampa, CEP 97500-970, Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Laura Musacchio Vargas
- Laboratório De Biotecnologia Da Reprodução (Biotech), Campus Uruguaiana, Universidade Federal Do Pampa, CEP 97500-970, Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Cristiano Chiapinotto Spiazzi
- Laboratório De Biotecnologia Da Reprodução (Biotech), Campus Uruguaiana, Universidade Federal Do Pampa, CEP 97500-970, Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Daniela Dos Santos Brum
- Laboratório De Biotecnologia Da Reprodução (Biotech), Campus Uruguaiana, Universidade Federal Do Pampa, CEP 97500-970, Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Simone Noremberg
- Laboratório De Biotecnologia Da Reprodução (Biotech), Campus Uruguaiana, Universidade Federal Do Pampa, CEP 97500-970, Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Departamento De Química, Centro De Ciências Naturais E Exatas, Universidade Federal De Santa Maria, CEP 97105-900, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Andreas Sebastian Loureiro Mendez
- Laboratório De Desenvolvimento E Controle De Qualidade De Medicamentos (LDCQ), Campus Uruguaiana, Universidade Federal Do Pampa, CEP 97500-970, Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Faculdade De Farmácia, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Av. Ipiranga 2752, CEP 90610-000, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Francielli Weber Santos
- Laboratório De Biotecnologia Da Reprodução (Biotech), Campus Uruguaiana, Universidade Federal Do Pampa, CEP 97500-970, Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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21
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Nagata C, Konishi K, Goto Y, Tamura T, Wada K, Hayashi M, Takeda N, Yasuda K. Associations of urinary cadmium with circulating sex hormone levels in pre- and postmenopausal Japanese women. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2016; 150:82-87. [PMID: 27268972 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to cadmium has been suspected as a risk factor for breast cancer. The present study examined the associations between urinary cadmium levels and circulating sex hormone levels that are linked to breast cancer risk in healthy women. METHODS The study subjects were 396 premenopausal Japanese women who had regular menstrual cycles less than 40 days long and 207 postmenopausal Japanese women. Urinary cadmium was measured using spot urine samples. Plasma estradiol, testosterone, and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate were measured. Additionally, the follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and sex hormone-binding globulin were measured for premenopausal women. RESULTS In premenopausal women, the urinary cadmium level either expressed in μg per liter or per g of urine creatinine was significantly inversely associated with total and free testosterone levels after controlling for age, body mass index, smoking status, alcohol intake, and the phase of the menstrual cycle. Total and free testosterone levels were 14.6% and 15.0% lower, respectively, in women in the highest quartile of urinary cadmium per g creatinine in those in the lowest quartile. In postmenopausal women, the urinary cadmium in μg per liter as well as per g creatinine was significantly inversely associated with the estradiol level after controlling for covariates. The estradiol level was 25.8% lower in women in the highest tertile of urinary cadmium per g creatinine than in those in the lowest tertile. CONCLUSIONS The data suggest inverse associations between urinary cadmium and the plasma estradiol or testosterone level in Japanese women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chisato Nagata
- Department of Epidemiology & Preventive Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan.
| | - Kie Konishi
- Department of Epidemiology & Preventive Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yuko Goto
- Department of Epidemiology & Preventive Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Takashi Tamura
- Department of Epidemiology & Preventive Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Keiko Wada
- Department of Epidemiology & Preventive Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Makoto Hayashi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Matsunami General Hospital, Gifu, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Takeda
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Murakami Memorial Hospital, Asahi University, Gifu, Japan
| | - Keigo Yasuda
- Department of Internal Medicine, Matsunami General Hospital, Gifu, Japan
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22
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Zhang LH, Luo Z, Song YF, Shi X, Pan YX, Fan YF, Xu YH. Effects and mechanisms of waterborne copper exposure influencing ovary development and related hormones secretion in yellow catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 178:88-98. [PMID: 27472784 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The present study was conducted to determine the effects and mechanism of waterborne copper (Cu) exposure influencing ovary development and related hormones secretion in yellow catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco. To this end, two experiments were conducted. In Exp. 1, the partial cDNA sequences of three steroidogenesis-related genes (androgen receptor (ar), steroidogenic factor 1 (sf-1) and steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (star)) were firstly characterized from P. fulvidraco. The predicted amino acid sequences for the P. fulvidraco ar, sf-1 and star contained the main structural features characteristic in other species. In Exp. 2, P. fulvidraco were exposed to three waterborne Cu concentrations (control, 30μg/l and 60μg/l, respectively) for 56days. Sampling occurred on day 28 and day 56, respectively. On day 28, the levels of serum sex-steroid hormones (FSH and LH) and the mRNA levels of steroidogenesis-related genes (3β-hsd, cyp11a1, cyp17, cyp19a, sf-1 and star) were significantly increased in ovary of P. fulvidraco exposed to 30μg Cu/l. The immunohistochemical analysis showed the positive reaction of ER, VTG and aromatase in low dose exposure group. These indicated that in low dose and relative short-term exposure, Cu was beneficial. In contrast, 60μg Cu/l exposure significantly reduced the levels of serum FSH, LH, E2 and P, and the mRNA levels of ovarian 20β-hsd, cyp19a and erα in P. fulvidraco. On day 56, waterborne Cu concentration exposure reduced the levels of serum gonadotropins and sex hormones, and down-regulated the mRNA levels of steroidogenesis-related genes, indicating long-term Cu exposure had toxic effect on the secretion of sex-steroid hormone in P. fulvidraco. For the first time, our study cloned cDNA sequences of ar, sf-1 and star in P. fulvidraco, and demonstrated the effects and mechanism of waterborne Cu exposure influencing hormones secretion and synthesis in dose- and time-dependent manner in P. fulvidraco, which will help to understand the Cu-induced reproductive toxicity at both protein and transcriptional levels in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Han Zhang
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Feed for Aquatic Economic Animals, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovative Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhi Luo
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Feed for Aquatic Economic Animals, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovative Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Yu-Feng Song
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Feed for Aquatic Economic Animals, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovative Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xi Shi
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Feed for Aquatic Economic Animals, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovative Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ya-Xiong Pan
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Feed for Aquatic Economic Animals, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovative Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yao-Fang Fan
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Feed for Aquatic Economic Animals, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovative Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yi-Huan Xu
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Feed for Aquatic Economic Animals, Fishery College, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovative Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China
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Genomic approach to understand association between single nucleotide polymorphisms and risk of Korean serous ovarian cancer at stage IIIc. Mol Cell Toxicol 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-016-0004-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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24
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Chouchene L, Pellegrini E, Gueguen MM, Hinfray N, Brion F, Piccini B, Kah O, Saïd K, Messaoudi I, Pakdel F. Inhibitory effect of cadmium on estrogen signaling in zebrafish brain and protection by zinc. J Appl Toxicol 2016; 36:863-71. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.3285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lina Chouchene
- Génétique, Biodiversité et Valorisation des Bioressources; Université de Monastir, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir; Tunisia
| | - Elisabeth Pellegrini
- Neuroendocrine Effects of Endocrine Disruptors; University of Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu; France
| | - Marie-Madeleine Gueguen
- Neuroendocrine Effects of Endocrine Disruptors; University of Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu; France
| | - Nathalie Hinfray
- Unité d'Ecotoxicologie in vitro et in vivo, Direction des Risques Chroniques; Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Verneuil-en-Halatte; France
| | - François Brion
- Unité d'Ecotoxicologie in vitro et in vivo, Direction des Risques Chroniques; Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Verneuil-en-Halatte; France
| | - Benjamin Piccini
- Unité d'Ecotoxicologie in vitro et in vivo, Direction des Risques Chroniques; Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Verneuil-en-Halatte; France
| | - Olivier Kah
- Neuroendocrine Effects of Endocrine Disruptors; University of Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu; France
| | - Khaled Saïd
- Génétique, Biodiversité et Valorisation des Bioressources; Université de Monastir, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir; Tunisia
| | - Imed Messaoudi
- Génétique, Biodiversité et Valorisation des Bioressources; Université de Monastir, Institut Supérieur de Biotechnologie de Monastir; Tunisia
| | - Farzad Pakdel
- Transcription, Environnement et Cancer; Institut de Recherche en Santé-Environnement-Travail (Irset), Inserm UMR 1085, Université de Rennes 1; France
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25
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Knazicka Z, Forgacs Z, Lukacova J, Roychoudhury S, Massanyi P, Lukac N. Endocrine disruptive effects of cadmium on steroidogenesis: human adrenocortical carcinoma cell line NCI-H295R as a cellular model for reproductive toxicity testing. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2015; 50:348-56. [PMID: 25723060 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2015.987520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a known endocrine disruptor with the ability to affect the production of hormones involved in the regulation of reproductive processes. In this study human adrenocortical carcinoma cell line NCI-H295R was used as an in vitro biological model to study the effect of cadmium (CdCl2) on steroidogenesis. The cell cultures were exposed to different concentrations of CdCl2 (1.90, 3.90, 7.80, 15.60, 31.20 and 62.50 μM) and compared to control (medium without CdCl2). Cell viability was measured by the metabolic activity (MTT) assay for estimation of mitochondria structural integrity. Quantification of sexual steroid production directly from aliquots of the medium was performed by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Following 48 h culture of the cells in the presence of CdCl2 a concentration-dependent depletion in progesterone production was observed at the lower concentrations of CdCl2. The lowest amount of progesterone was significantly detected in groups with the higher doses (≥ 31.20 μM) of CdCl2, which elicited significant (P < 0.01) cytotoxic action, too. Cadmium decreased testosterone release in the whole applied range even at the lower concentration of CdCl2. The release of 17β-estradiol decreased as well, but the decline was less pronounced compared to decrease of progesterone and testosterone. The cytotoxic effect was significantly (P < 0.01) detected at all concentrations of CdCl2 (1.90-62.50 μM) used in the study. However, the cell viability remained relatively high (>75%) up to 7.80 μM of CdCl2 and significantly (P < 0.01) decreased at 15.60 μM and higher concentrations of CdCl2. These results suggest that cadmium has endocrine disruptive effects on sexual steroid synthesis even at very low concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Knazicka
- a Department of Animal Physiology , Slovak University of Agriculture , Nitra , Slovak Republic
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26
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Park SY, Gomes C, Oh SD, Soh J. Cadmium up-regulates transcription of the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) gene through phosphorylated CREB rather than SF-1 in K28 cells. J Toxicol Sci 2015; 40:151-61. [DOI: 10.2131/jts.40.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Yun Park
- Biosafety Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Korea
| | - Cynthia Gomes
- University of South Carolina, Department of Biology, USA
| | - Sung-Dug Oh
- Biosafety Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Korea
| | - Jaemog Soh
- Hormone Research Center and School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Chonnam National University, Korea
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27
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Cortés-Gómez AA, Fuentes-Mascorro G, Romero D. Metals and metalloids in whole blood and tissues of Olive Ridley turtles (Lepidochelys olivacea) from La Escobilla Beach (Oaxaca, Mexico). MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2014; 89:367-375. [PMID: 25301056 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Revised: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Concentrations of eight metals and metalloids (Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn, Mn, Se, Ni and As) were evaluated from 41 nesting females (blood) and 13 dead (tissues) Olive Ridley turtles (Lepidochelys olivacea), a species classified as vulnerable and also listed in Appendix I of the Convention of International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES). The mean blood, liver and kidney lead concentration were 0.02 ± 0.01, 0.11 ± 0.08 and 0.06 ± 0.03 μ gg(-1) ww respectively, values lower than other turtle species and locations, which it could be due to the gradual disuse of leaded gasoline in Mexico and Central America since the 1990s. Mean concentration of cadmium was 0.17 ± 0.08 (blood), 82.88 ± 36.65 (liver) and 150.88 ± 110.9 9μg g(-1) (kidney). To our knowledge, the mean renal cadmium levels found is the highest ever reported worldwide for any sea turtle species, while other six elements showed a concentration similar to other studies in sea turtles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana A Cortés-Gómez
- Área de Toxicología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia, Campus Espinardo, E-30071 Murcia, Spain.
| | - Gisela Fuentes-Mascorro
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Reproducción Animal (LIRA), Universidad Autónoma Benito Juárez, Oaxaca, Mexico.
| | - Diego Romero
- Área de Toxicología, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Murcia, Campus Espinardo, E-30071 Murcia, Spain.
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28
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Sengupta P, Banerjee R, Nath S, Das S, Banerjee S. Metals and female reproductive toxicity. Hum Exp Toxicol 2014; 34:679-97. [PMID: 25425549 DOI: 10.1177/0960327114559611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Research into occupational exposure of metals and consequences of reproductive systems has made imperative scientific offerings in the preceding few decades. Early research works focused on possible effects on the reproductive functions rather than the complete reproductive health of the woman. Later, it was realized that metals, as reproductive toxins, may also induce hormonal changes affecting other facets of reproductive health such as the menstrual cycle, ovulation, and fertility. Concern is now shifting from considerations for the pregnant woman to the entire spectrum of occupational health threats and thus reproductive health among women.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Sengupta
- Department of Physiology, Vidyasagar College for Women, University of Calcutta
| | - R Banerjee
- Department of Physiology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - S Nath
- Department of Genetics, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - S Das
- Department of Physiology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - S Banerjee
- Department of Physiology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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29
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Ali I, Engström A, Vahter M, Skerfving S, Lundh T, Lidfeldt J, Samsioe G, Halldin K, Åkesson A. Associations between cadmium exposure and circulating levels of sex hormones in postmenopausal women. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2014; 134:265-269. [PMID: 25173093 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2014.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Revised: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Recent epidemiological as well as in vivo and in vitro studies collectively suggest that the metalloestrogen cadmium (Cd) could be a potential risk factor for hormone-related cancers in particularly breast cancer. Assessment of the association between Cd exposure and levels of endogenous sex hormones is of pivotal importance, as increased levels of such have been associated with a higher risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women. The present study investigated the perceived relationship (multivariable-adjusted linear regression analyses) between Cd exposure [blood Cd (B-Cd) and urinary Cd (U-Cd)], and serum levels of androstenedione, testosterone, estradiol, and sex-hormone binding globulin (SHBG), in 438 postmenopausal Swedish women without hormone replacement therapy (HRT). A significant positive association between B-Cd (median 3.4 nmol/L) and serum testosterone levels, as well as a significant inverse association between B-Cd and serum estradiol levels and with the estradiol/testosterone ratio were encountered. However, U-Cd (median 0.69 nmol/mmol creatinine) was inversely associated with serum estradiol levels only. Our data may suggest that Cd interferes with the levels of testosterone and estradiol in postmenopausal women, which might have implications for breast cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Ali
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Annette Engström
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marie Vahter
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Staffan Skerfving
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Thomas Lundh
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jonas Lidfeldt
- Department of Community Health, Malmö University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Göran Samsioe
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Krister Halldin
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Agneta Åkesson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
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30
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Mikolić A, Piasek M, Sulimanec Grgec A, Varnai VM, Stasenko S, Kralik Oguić S. Oral cadmium exposure during rat pregnancy: assessment of transplacental micronutrient transport and steroidogenesis at term. J Appl Toxicol 2014; 35:508-19. [PMID: 25256609 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Revised: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Diet is the main source of cadmium (Cd) exposure. Gastrointestinal absorption increases during pregnancy. Cadmium accumulated in the placenta may interfere with nutrient transport to the foetus. Data on the potential of Cd to act as a steroid disruptor of pregnancy are limited. We evaluated the effects of oral Cd exposure during pregnancy on placental function in micronutrient transfer to the foetus and steroidogenesis in Wistar rats (regular 4-day cyclers) that mated with unexposed males. Pregnant rats were randomly assigned to a Cd group exposed orally to 50 mg Cd l(-1) (CdCl(2)xH2O dissolved in demineralized water), ≈ 7.5 mg Cd kg(-1) a day, during 20 days of gestation and control (supplied with demineralized water). Non-pregnant rats were treated under the same experimental conditions. On day 20, all of the rats were killed and samples were taken for element analyses (by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry). Progesterone and testosterone were measured in serum and placenta-derived samples (by immunoenzymometric assay and/or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). In the exposed rats, Cd increased in blood and organs, more in pregnant rats, and in placenta and foetus whereas zinc increased in liver. Iron decreased in maternal organs and in foetus, whereas zinc decreased in maternal kidney and placenta. Liver copper was lower and kidney copper higher in all pregnant vs. non-pregnant rats. Steroids in serum and placenta did not change. In conclusion, oral Cd exposure during rat pregnancy does not affect progesterone and testosterone at term. Transplacental iron and zinc handover are disrupted, which may put at risk the maintenance of foetal nutrition and viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Mikolić
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
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31
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Rana SVS. Perspectives in endocrine toxicity of heavy metals--a review. Biol Trace Elem Res 2014; 160:1-14. [PMID: 24898714 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-014-0023-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An attempt has been made to review the endocrine/hormonal implications of a few environmentally significant metals, viz, lead, mercury, cadmium, copper, arsenic and nickel, in man and animals. Special emphasis has been given to the adrenals, thyroid, testis, ovary and pancreas. Toxic metals can cause structural and functional changes in the adrenal glands. Their effects on steroidogenesis have been reviewed. It has been reported that thyroid hormone kinetics are affected by a number of metallic compounds. Occupational exposure to a few of these metals can cause testicular injury and sex hormone disturbances. Protective effects of a few antioxidants on their reproductive toxicity have also been discussed. Information gathered on female reproductive toxicity of heavy metals shows that exposure to these metals can lead to disturbances in reproductive performance in exposed subjects. Certain metals can cause injury to the endocrine pancreas. Exposure to them can cause diabetes mellitus and disturb insulin homeostasis. The need to develop molecular markers of endocrine toxicity of heavy metals has been suggested. Overall information described in this review is expected to be helpful in planning future studies on endocrine toxicity of heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- S V S Rana
- Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, C. C. S. University, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, 250 004, India,
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32
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Lafuente A. The hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis is target of cadmium toxicity. An update of recent studies and potential therapeutic approaches. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 59:395-404. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Revised: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Wang C, Ma W, Su Y. NF-κB pathway contributes to cadmium-induced apoptosis of porcine granulosa cells. Biol Trace Elem Res 2013; 153:403-10. [PMID: 23575899 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-013-9650-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2012] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
To better understand the mechanism of cadmium (Cd)-induced apoptosis of porcine granulosa cells, we examined the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) p65 subunits intracellular translocation and the expression of some downstream apoptotic-related genes. Apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in porcine granulosa cells exposed to cadmium chloride (CdCl2) were determined by acridine orange/ethidium bromide double staining and 2,7-dichlorodihydro-fluorescein-diacetate oxidation staining, respectively. The results showed that the apoptosis of porcine granulosa cells induced by CdCl2 significantly increased in a time- and dose-dependent manner along with the increasing of ROS production, and 10 μM parthenolide, an inhibitor NF-κB, can accelerate the process of apoptosis. Moreover, immunofluorescence and western blot results showed that CdCl2 could stimulate the translocation of p65 into nucleus in porcine granulosa cells. Furthermore, CdCl2 also significantly stimulate the expression of Bcl-2 proteins in porcine granulosa cells than that in the control. In contrast, we did not find any change of Bax expression in granulosa cells upon exposure of cadmium. Taken together, these results demonstrate that the activation of NF-κB pathway may play a crucial role in cadmium-induced apoptosis of porcine granulosa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunqiang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Liaoning Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121001, People's Republic of China
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34
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Das S, Mukherjee D. Effect of cadmium chloride on secretion of 17β-estradiol by the ovarian follicles of common carp, Cyprinus carpio. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2013; 181:107-14. [PMID: 23146792 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2012.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2012] [Revised: 10/05/2012] [Accepted: 10/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd(2+)) is a common environmental pollutant present in wastes associated with mining, smelting and electroplating. It is a major constituent of the tobacco smoke. Exposure of this heavy metal has been linked to wide range of detrimental effects on mammalian reproduction particularly on ovarian steroidogenesis. Low doses of Cd(2+) are reported to stimulate ovarian luteal progesterone synthesis whereas high doses inhibited it. Cd(2+) exposure is also reported to inhibit gonadal function in fish. In the present study the effects of cadmium chloride (CdCl(2)) on the secretion of gonadotropin-induced 17β-estradiol was examined in female common carp Cyprinus carpio. Vitellogenic stage fish were exposed to physiological safe dose of CdCl(2) for 0, 24, 48 and 96 h and serum and ovarian 17β-estradiol levels were estimated. In the in vitro experiments, vitellogenic follicles were incubated with CdCl(2) and a dose- and time-dependent effects on steroid production were estimated induced by LH. Exposure of fish with CdCl(2) gradually attenuated serum and ovarian 17β-estradiol levels with increasing time and maximum inhibition was noticed after 96 h. Administration of CdCl(2) to the incubations significantly inhibited LH-induced release of 17β-estradiol in vitro. To clarify the mechanism of attenuated production of 17β-estradiol, in vitro effects of CdCl(2) on LH induced P450 aromatase activity (conversion of testosterone to 17β-estradiol) and cytochrome P450arom gene expression in carp ovarian follicles were evaluated. Results show that LH-stimulated P450 aromatase activity and P450arom gene expression in ovarian follicles were significantly inhibited by CdCl(2). The present study further demonstrated that LH-induced stimulation of ovarian steroidogenic factor-1 (SF-1) which activates aromatase enzyme, is strongly inhibited by cadmium chloride treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumana Das
- Department of Zoology, Maulana Azad College, Kolkata 700013, West Bengal, India.
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35
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Interplay of early biochemical manifestations by cadmium insult in sertoli–germ coculture: An in vitro study. Toxicology 2011; 287:46-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2011.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2011] [Revised: 05/20/2011] [Accepted: 05/23/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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36
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Cadmium-induced ovarian pathophysiology is mediated by change in gene expression pattern of zinc transporters in zebrafish (Danio rerio). Chem Biol Interact 2011; 193:172-9. [PMID: 21756885 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2011.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2011] [Revised: 06/23/2011] [Accepted: 06/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This study explored the potential for expression pattern of genes encoding zinc (Zn) transporters to be involved in the cadmium (Cd)-induced reproductive toxicity in female of zebrafish. For this purpose, oocytes maturity and ovarian histology as well as Cd, Zn and metallothioneins (MTs) accumulation and expression of genes encoding Zrt-,Irt-related protein 10 (ZIP10), Zn transporter 1 (ZnT1) and zebrafish metallothionein (zMT) were examined in ovaries of adult zebrafish exposed to 0.4 mg/L Cd in water and supplemented with Zn (5 mgkg(-1)) in their diet for 21 days. Cd-exposure decreased the expression of ZnT1 and caused up-regulation of ZIP10 and zMT gene expression. These changes were accompanied by increased Cd and MTs accumulation, decreased Zn contents as well as by histopathological damages in ovarian tissues. The co-exposure of fish to Cd and Zn abolished ZnT1 down-regulation and rendered a persistently increased ZIP10 mRNA level. This treatment also decreased Cd and MTs accumulation, reversed Cd-induced Zn depletion and partially restored Cd-induced histological changes in ovarian tissues. These results imply that the downregulation of ZnT1 as well as the overexpression of ZIP10, in responses to the ovarian Zn depletion induced by Cd, play a major role in Cd accumulation and consequently in its toxicity. The protective effect of dietary Zn supplementation against Cd-induced toxicity is mediated, at least in part, by the increase of Zn availability and subsequently the induction of ZnT1 gene expression.
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37
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Dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase and cAMP are associated with cadmium-mediated Leydig cell damage. Toxicol Lett 2011; 205:183-9. [PMID: 21699967 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2011] [Revised: 06/03/2011] [Accepted: 06/04/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) directly inhibits testosterone production in Leydig cells, but its mechanism is still unclear. To further explore the signaling pathway of Cd-mediated toxicity to Leydig cells, various concentrations of Cd were cultured with R2C cells for 24h, and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE)-based proteomics profiling was used to analyze the change of protein expressions. Cd caused a concentration-dependent inhibition of cell viability with IC(25), IC(50) and IC(75) of 2.42×10(-5)M, 4.83×10(-5)M and 7.39×10(-5)M, respectively. Cd significantly reduced progesterone production and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨ(m)) in a concentration-dependent manner. 2DE-based proteomics showed 34 protein spots with altered expression by 2-folds or more, and dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (DLD) was the hub in the network of these altered proteins. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blotting showed that Cd downregulated the expression of DLD. Cd also decreased intracellular levels of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). The results suggest that DLD and cAMP may be key elements related to Cd toxicity to Leydig cells.
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Stasenko S, Bradford EM, Piasek M, Henson MC, Varnai VM, Jurasović J, Kusec V. Metals in human placenta: focus on the effects of cadmium on steroid hormones and leptin. J Appl Toxicol 2010; 30:242-53. [PMID: 19847775 DOI: 10.1002/jat.1490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium and other metallic ions can act as metalloestrogens and endocrine disruptors of reproductive tissues and fetal development in mammals, including humans. The detrimental effects occur with respect to the synthesis of both steroid and polypeptide hormones in the placenta. Leptin is produced by the trophoblast and may regulate fetal organogenesis and development. In human term placentas, concentrations of toxic metals and their effects on steroidogenesis were assessed in healthy parturients (109 non-smokers and 99 smokers) in relation to tobacco smoking. Trace elements (cadmium, lead, iron, zinc and copper) were analyzed in placentas using atomic absorption spectroscopy, and steroid hormones (progesterone and estradiol) were assayed in placental samples by an enzyme-immunometric method. Cadmium concentrations were doubled in placentas of smokers as compared with non-smokers, and placental lead and zinc concentrations increased significantly. Placental concentrations of iron, copper, progesterone and estradiol did not differ. In addition, human trophoblast cells were co-cultured with 0, 5, 10 or 20 microm CdCl(2) for 96 h and leptin mRNA assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Leptin mRNA declined dose-responsively as a result of CdCl(2) exposure. Collectively, the results confirm that human placental tissue offers a unique opportunity to biomonitor cadmium exposure in both the maternal and the internal fetal environments. In addition, the results strongly suggest that cadmium may cause a decline in placental leptin synthesis, as we have previously shown for placental progesterone production. This may constitute further evidence of the endocrine-disrupting effects of cadmium, as a constituent of tobacco smoke, on reproduction in women.
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Iavicoli I, Fontana L, Bergamaschi A. The effects of metals as endocrine disruptors. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2009; 12:206-23. [PMID: 19466673 DOI: 10.1080/10937400902902062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 295] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
This review reports current knowledge regarding the roles that cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), arsenic (As), lead (PB), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn) play as endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). The influence of these metals on the endocrine system, possible mechanisms of action, and consequent health effects were correlated between experimental animals and humans. Analysis of the studies prompted us to identify some critical issues related to this area and showed the need for more rigorous and innovative studies. Consequently, it was recommended that future studies need to: (1) identify the mechanisms of action, because at the present time only a few have been elucidated-in this context, the possible presence of hormesis need to be determined, as currently this was reported only for exposure Cd and As; (2) study the possible additive, synergistic, or antagonistic effects on the endocrine system following exposure to a mixture of metals since there is a lack of these studies available, and in general or occupational environments, humans are simultaneously exposed to different classes of xenobiotics, including metals, but also to organic compounds that might also be EDCs; (3) assess the potential adverse effects on the endocrine system of low-level exposures to metals, as most of the information currently available on EDCs originates from studies in which exposure levels were particularly high; and (4) assess the effects on the endocrine and reproductive systems of other metals that are present in the general and occupational environment that have not yet been evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo Iavicoli
- Institute of Occupational Medicine, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
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Tomei G, Ciarrocca M, Fiore P, Rosati MV, Pimpinella B, Anzani MF, Giubilati R, Cangemi C, Tomao E, Tomei F. Exposure to urban stressor and effects on free testosterone in female workers. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2008; 392:198-202. [PMID: 18206211 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2007] [Revised: 11/23/2007] [Accepted: 12/05/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the study is to evaluate if occupational exposure to chemical, physical and psycho-social urban stressor could cause alterations in plasma free testosterone (T) levels and related diseases in female traffic police vs. control group. PATIENTS AND METHODS The research was carried out on initial sample of 468 female Municipal Police employees (209 traffic police and 259 controls). After excluding the principal confounding factors, traffic police were matched with controls by age, working life, menstrual cycle day, BMI, drinking habit, cigarette smoking habit, liquorice and soy intake in diet, habitual consumption of Italian coffee. There were 96 female traffic police and 96 controls included in the study. RESULTS T mean levels were significantly higher in female traffic police compared to controls (p=0.000). The distribution of T values in traffic police and in controls was significant (p=0.000). No significant differences were found comparing the percentage in traffic police and controls concerning dystocial, premature and post-term birth. An increase in mental health disorders was found in traffic police compared to controls but the difference was not significant. CONCLUSION The increase in T plasma levels observed in traffic police vs. controls can be due to a chronic working exposure to low doses of environmental chemical urban stressor. According to our previous researches T could be used as an early biological marker even before the onset of the related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianfranco Tomei
- University of Rome Sapienza, Department of Psychiatric Science and Psychological Medicine, Rome, Italy
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41
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Zhang W, Jia H. Effect and mechanism of cadmium on the progesterone synthesis of ovaries. Toxicology 2007; 239:204-12. [PMID: 17719163 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2007.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2007] [Revised: 07/02/2007] [Accepted: 07/09/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The paper presents results of the effect of cadmium on the progesterone synthesis of ovaries. In the current study, we investigated whether Cd also disrupts progesterone synthesis via steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) and P450 cholesterol side-chain cleavage (P450scc), which play important roles in progesterone synthesis. The Wistar rats were exposed to cadmium in vivo (at 2.5, 5, 7.5mg/kg, as a single s.c. dose). We showed that the serum P(4) and granule cells P(4) of rats were significantly lower than control group. Ovaries granule cells were incubated in Dulbecco-modified Eagle medium +15% fetal bovine serum with 0, 10, 20, or 40 microM CdCl(2) in vitro, progesterone levels were declined in a dose-dependent manner. Our data showed that the expression of StAR and P450scc in vivo or in vitro were inhibited when treated with CdCl(2) (p<0.05). Coculture with 8-bromo-cAMP enhanced progesterone secretion in untreated cultures and reversed the decline in progesterone secretion induced by CdCl(2) treatment; the expression of StAR mRNA and P450scc mRNA in 8-Br-cAMP+40 microM CdCl(2) were significantly higher than 40 microM CdCl(2), and were lower than control group. We concluded that StAR, which delivers cholesterol to the inner mitochondrial membrane, is one site at which Cd interferes with progesterone production in cultured rats ovarian granule cells; P450scc, which conveys cholesterol to pregnenolone, is anther site. The mechanisms were mainly controlled by the cAMP-dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenchang Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Major in Reproduction Toxicology and Enviroment Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals, Fujian, China.
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Om AS, Shim JY. Effect of daidzein in rats on cadmium excretion. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2007; 78:485-8. [PMID: 17541485 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-007-9098-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2006] [Accepted: 03/15/2007] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ae-Son Om
- Department of Food & Nutrition, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, Korea.
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43
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Godt J, Scheidig F, Grosse-Siestrup C, Esche V, Brandenburg P, Reich A, Groneberg DA. The toxicity of cadmium and resulting hazards for human health. J Occup Med Toxicol 2006; 1:22. [PMID: 16961932 PMCID: PMC1578573 DOI: 10.1186/1745-6673-1-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 576] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2005] [Accepted: 09/10/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) has been in industrial use for a long period of time. Its serious toxicity moved into scientific focus during the middle of the last century. In this review, we discuss historic and recent developments of toxicological and epidemiological questions, including exposition sources, resorption pathways and organ damage processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Godt
- Department for Paediatric Pneumology and Immunology, Charité – School of Medicine, Free University and Humboldt University of Berlin, Germany
| | - Franziska Scheidig
- Institute of Occupational Medicine, Charité – School of Medicine, Free University and Humboldt University of Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Grosse-Siestrup
- Department of Comparative Medicine and Experimental Animal Sciences, Charité – School of Medicine, Free University and Humboldt University of Berlin, Germany
| | - Vera Esche
- Department of Comparative Medicine and Experimental Animal Sciences, Charité – School of Medicine, Free University and Humboldt University of Berlin, Germany
| | - Paul Brandenburg
- Department of Comparative Medicine and Experimental Animal Sciences, Charité – School of Medicine, Free University and Humboldt University of Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea Reich
- Department of Comparative Medicine and Experimental Animal Sciences, Charité – School of Medicine, Free University and Humboldt University of Berlin, Germany
| | - David A Groneberg
- Institute of Occupational Medicine, Charité – School of Medicine, Free University and Humboldt University of Berlin, Germany
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Pillet S, D'Elia M, Bernier J, Bouquegneau JM, Fournier M, Cyr DG. Immunomodulatory Effects of Estradiol and Cadmium in Adult Female Rats. Toxicol Sci 2006; 92:423-32. [PMID: 16675514 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfl005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A wide range of toxic effects has been associated with cadmium (Cd) exposure in mammals. However, the physiological factors that modulate these effects have received limited attention. We have previously demonstrated that neonatal exposure of rats to Cd during lactation results in sex-specific immunotoxic effects in both juvenile and adult rats. The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of 17beta-estradiol (E(2)) on the immunotoxicity of Cd in female rats. We compared the effects of 28 days of exposure to 0, 5, and 25 ppm cadmium chloride (CdCl(2)) through drinking water on ovariectomized Sprague-Dawley rats and on ovariectomized rats with E(2) implant which mimicked the physiological level of E(2) in female rat. Our results clarify the control of important immune functions by E(2) at physiological level and demonstrate significant interactions between Cd and E(2) effects on the cytotoxic activity of natural killer cells and phagocytosis of splenic cells as well as on the total number of thymocytes and of the four subpopulations of the thymocytes as defined by the expression of the cell-surface markers CD4 and CD8. Cd and E(2) share several mechanisms of action that may account for these interactions. The estrogenic potential of Cd could also account for some of the observed effects. These interactions have to be taken into consideration in evaluating the risk of Cd immunotoxicity and the possible interactions with hormonal treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Pillet
- INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec, Pointe-Claire, Montréal, Quebec, Canada H9R 1G6
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Nampoothiri LP, Gupta S. Simultaneous effect of lead and cadmium on granulosa cells: a cellular model for ovarian toxicity. Reprod Toxicol 2005; 21:179-85. [PMID: 16159707 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2005.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2005] [Revised: 07/06/2005] [Accepted: 07/21/2005] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) are known reproductive toxicants, which accumulate in granulosa cells of the ovary. Female Charles foster rats were treated with sodium acetate (control), lead acetate and cadmium acetate either alone or in combination at a dose 0.05 mg/kg body weight intra-peritoneally for 15 days daily. Animals were killed at proestrous stage and granulosa cells were isolated from the ovaries. Binding of (125)I-luteinizing hormone ((125)I-LH), (125)I-follicle stimulating hormone ((125)I-FSH) and 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity were measured. As these receptors are localized on the surface of the cell membrane, we also estimated the membrane parameters of these cells. Our results demonstrated that both lead and cadmium caused a significant reduction in gonadotropin binding, which altered steroidogenic enzyme activity of granulosa cells. These changes exhibited a positive correlation with membrane changes of the granulosa cells.
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Storelli MM, Storelli A, D'Addabbo R, Marano C, Bruno R, Marcotrigiano GO. Trace elements in loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) from the eastern Mediterranean Sea: overview and evaluation. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2005; 135:163-170. [PMID: 15701403 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2004.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2003] [Accepted: 09/08/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Concentrations of trace elements (Hg, Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu, Fe, and Se) in different organs and tissues (liver, kidney, muscle tissue, spleen, heart, lung, and fat tissue) of loggerhead turtles Caretta caretta from eastern Mediterranean Sea were determined. The highest levels of mercury and cadmium were found in liver (Hg: 0.43 microg g(-1) wet weight; Cd: 3.36 microg g(-1) wet weight) and kidney (Hg: 0.16 microg g(-1) wet weight; Cd: 8.35 microg g(-1) wet weight). For lead the overall concentrations were low and often below the limit of detection. Copper and selenium tended to be higher in liver than in other tissues and organs, while for zinc the concentrations were quite homogenous in the different organs and tissues, except fat tissue (64.7 microg g(-1) wet weight) which showed a higher accumulation of this element. For iron the greatest concentrations were observed in liver (409 microg g(-1) wet weight) and spleen (221 microg g(-1) wet weight).
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Storelli
- Pharmacological-Biological Department, Chemistry and Biochemistry Section, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, University of Bari, Strada Prov. le per Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano (Ba), Italy
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47
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Hoyer PB. Damage to ovarian development and function. Cell Tissue Res 2005; 322:99-106. [PMID: 15856308 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-005-1083-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2004] [Accepted: 01/17/2005] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian function in women can be compromised by exposure to toxic environmental factors. Chemicals that affect ovarian function can act through direct effects on hormone action (ovary) or by interference with steroid hormone action (hypothalamus and/or pituitary). These effects can cause problems in the form of infertility. Alternatively, ovarian toxicants can directly cause ovarian failure by extensive follicular destruction. This targeting can result in loss of ovarian steroid hormones, eventual ovarian failure (menopause), and ultimate disruption of neuroendocrine feedback causing increased levels of FSH and LH. This article provides an overview of chemicals that in animal studies have been identified to cause disrupted ovarian function with a focus on the sites of targeting by which these disruptions occur. In predicting the impact of environmental factors on reproductive function in women, it is critical to gain a better appreciation of the physiological consequences resulting from the potential variety of mechanisms by which toxicants can disrupt ovarian function. This article attempts to provide such a perspective within the context of specific chemicals for which ovarian sites of toxicity have been identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia B Hoyer
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA.
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Nagata C, Nagao Y, Shibuya C, Kashiki Y, Shimizu H. Urinary cadmium and serum levels of estrogens and androgens in postmenopausal Japanese women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2005; 14:705-8. [PMID: 15767353 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-04-0619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent laboratory studies have suggested that cadmium is an estrogenic compound and may be a potential risk factor for breast cancer. METHODS We investigated the relationship between urinary cadmium concentrations and serum concentrations of estrone, testosterone, and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate in 164 postmenopausal Japanese women. RESULTS There was a significant positive association between the urinary cadmium and serum testosterone levels after controlling for age and body mass index. The mean testosterone level was 28% higher in women with high urinary cadmium (> or = 3.00 microg/g creatinine) than in those with low urinary cadmium (< 2.00 microg/g creatinine). Urinary cadmium was not significantly associated with serum estrone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate levels. Additional adjustment for smoking, alcohol and reproductive factors including known risk factors for breast cancer did not substantially alter the results. CONCLUSION Data suggested that cadmium exposure is associated with increased testosterone levels. As high testosterone levels have been associated with the risk of breast cancer, the involvement of cadmium exposure in breast cancer risk should be evaluated in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chisato Nagata
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan.
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49
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Henson MC, Chedrese PJ. Endocrine disruption by cadmium, a common environmental toxicant with paradoxical effects on reproduction. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2004; 229:383-92. [PMID: 15096650 DOI: 10.1177/153537020422900506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 283] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd(2+)) is a common environmental pollutant and a major constituent of tobacco smoke. Exposure to this heavy metal, which has no known beneficial physiological role, has been linked to a wide range of detrimental effects on mammalian reproduction. Intriguingly, depending on the identity of the steroidogenic tissue involved and the dosage used, it has been reported to either enhance or inhibit the biosynthesis of progesterone, a hormone that is inexorably linked to both normal ovarian cyclicity and the maintenance of pregnancy. Thus, Cd(2+) has been shown to exert significant effects on ovarian and reproductive tract morphology, with extremely low dosages reported to stimulate ovarian luteal progesterone biosynthesis and high dosages inhibiting it. In addition, Cd(2+) exposure during human pregnancy has been linked to decreased birth weights and premature birth, with the enhanced levels of placental Cd(2+) resulting from maternal exposure to industrial wastes or tobacco smoke being associated with decreased progesterone biosynthesis by the placental trophoblast. The stimulatory effects of Cd(2+) on ovarian progesterone synthesis, as revealed by the results of studies using stable porcine granulosa cells, appear centered on the enhanced conversion of cholesterol to pregnenolone by the cytochrome P450 side chain cleavage (P450scc). However, in the placenta, the Cd(2+)-induced decline in progesterone synthesis is commensurate with a decrease in P450scc. Additionally, placental low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDL-R) mRNA declines in response to Cd(2+) exposure, suggesting an inhibition in the pathway that provides cholesterol precursor from the maternal peripheral circulation. Potential mechanisms by which Cd(2+) may affect steroidogenesis include interference with the DNA binding zinc (Zn(2+))-finger motif through the substitution of Cd(2+) for Zn(2+) or by taking on the role of an endocrine disrupting chemical (EDC) that could mimic or inhibit the actions of endogenous estrogens. Divergent, tissue-specific (ovary vs. placenta) effects of Cd(2+) also cannot be ruled out. Therefore, in consideration of the data currently available and in light of the potentially serious consequences of environmental Cd(2+) exposure to human reproduction, we propose that priority should be given to studies dedicated to further elucidating the mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Henson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and the Interdisciplinary Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA.
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50
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Choi SM, Yoo SD, Lee BM. Toxicological characteristics of endocrine-disrupting chemicals: developmental toxicity, carcinogenicity, and mutagenicity. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2004; 7:1-24. [PMID: 14681080 DOI: 10.1080/10937400490253229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
It is generally accepted that endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) play a role in a variety of adverse health effects in an intact organism or its progeny as a consequence of changes in the endocrine system. Primary toxic effects of EDCs were reported to be related to infertility, reduction in sperm count, and teratogenicity, but other important toxic effects of EDCs such as carcinogenicity and mutagenicity have also been demonstrated. The aim of the present study was to systematically analyze the toxicological characteristics of EDCs in pesticides, industrial chemicals, and metals. A comprehensive literature survey on the 48 EDCs classified by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) was conducted using a number of databases which included Medline, Toxline, and Toxnet. The survey results revealed that toxicological characteristics of EDCs were shown to produce developmental toxicity (81%), carcinogenicity (79%, when positive in at least one animal species; 48%, when classified based on IARC evaluation), mutagenicity (79%), immunotoxicity (52%), and neurotoxicity (50%). Regarding the hormone-modulating effects of the 48 EDCs, estrogenic effects were the most predominant in pesticides, while effects on thyroid hormone were found for heavy metals. EDCs showing estrogen-modulating effects were closely related to carcinogenicity or mutagenicity with a high degree of sensitivity. Systematic information on the toxicological characteristics of the EDCs will be useful for future research directions on EDCs, the development of new screening methods, legal regulation, and for investigations of their mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seul Min Choi
- Division of Toxicology/Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Kyonggi-do, South Korea
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