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Doucet MR, Laevski AM, Doiron JA, Boudreau LH, Surette ME. Locomotor activity as an effective measure of the severity of inflammatory arthritis in a mouse model. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0291399. [PMID: 38232088 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mouse models are valuable in preclinical studies of inflammatory arthritis. However, current methods for measuring disease severity or responses to treatment are not optimal. In this study a smart cage system using multiple sensors to measure locomotor activity was evaluated in the K/BxN serum transfer model of inflammatory arthritis. METHODS Arthritis was induced in C57BL/6 mice with injections of K/BxN serum. Clinical index and ankle thickness were measured for 14 days. Locomotor activity was measured in smart cages for 23 h periods on Days 0, 7, and 13. The same measurements were taken in mice consuming diets supplemented or not with fish oil to evaluate a preventative treatment. RESULTS Initiation, peak and resolution phases of disease could be measured with the smart cages. Locomotor activity including speed, travel distance, number of active movements and rear movements were all significantly lower on Days 7-8 of illness (peak) compared to Days 0 and 13-14 (resolution) (one-way repeated measures analyses, p<0.05). The clinical index and ankle thickness measurements did not capture differences between dietary groups. Significantly increased activity was measured in most of the locomotor parameters in the fish oil group compared to the control mice at both Days 8 and 14 (2-way repeated measures ANOVA, p<0.05). CONCLUSION The measurement of locomotor activity provided a more detailed evaluation of the impact of inflammatory arthritis on animal well-being and mobility than that provided by measuring clinical index and ankle thickness, and could be a valuable tool in preclinical studies of inflammatory arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélina R Doucet
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, New Brunswick Centre for Precision Medicine, Université de Moncton, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Angela M Laevski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, New Brunswick Centre for Precision Medicine, Université de Moncton, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Jérémie A Doiron
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, New Brunswick Centre for Precision Medicine, Université de Moncton, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Luc H Boudreau
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, New Brunswick Centre for Precision Medicine, Université de Moncton, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada
| | - Marc E Surette
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, New Brunswick Centre for Precision Medicine, Université de Moncton, Moncton, New Brunswick, Canada
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2
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He ZH, Zou JT, Chen X, Gong JS, Chen Y, Jin L, Liu YW, Rao SS, Yin H, Tan YJ, Wang Z, Du W, Li HM, Qian YX, Wang ZX, Wang YY, Wan TF, Luo Y, Zhu H, Chen CY, Xie H. Ångstrom-scale silver particles ameliorate collagen-induced and K/BxN-transfer arthritis in mice via the suppression of inflammation and osteoclastogenesis. Inflamm Res 2023; 72:2053-2072. [PMID: 37816881 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-023-01778-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Nanoparticles (NPs) hold a great promise in combating rheumatoid arthritis, but are often compromised by their toxicities because the currently used NPs are usually synthesized by chemical methods. Our group has previously fabricated Ångstrom-scale silver particles (AgÅPs) and demonstrated the anti-tumor and anti-sepsis efficacy of fructose-coated AgÅPs (F-AgÅPs). This study aimed to uncover the efficacy and mechanisms of F-AgÅPs for arthritis therapy. METHODS We evaluated the efficacy of F-AgÅPs in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mice. We also compared the capacities of F-AgÅPs, the commercial AgNPs, and the clinical drug methotrexate (MTX) in protecting against K/BxN serum-transfer arthritis (STA) mice. Moreover, we evaluated the effects of F-AgÅPs and AgNPs on inflammation, osteoclast formation, synoviocytes migration, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) production in vitro and in vivo. Meanwhile, the toxicities of F-AgÅPs and AgNPs in vitro and in vivo were also tested. RESULTS F-AgÅPs significantly prevented bone erosion, synovitis, and cartilage damage, attenuated rheumatic pain, and improved the impaired motor function in mouse models of CIA or STA, the anti-rheumatic effects of which were comparable or stronger than AgNPs and MTX. Further studies revealed that F-AgÅPs exhibited similar or greater inhibitory abilities than AgNPs to suppress inflammation, osteoclast formation, synoviocytes migration, and MMPs production. No obvious toxicities were observed in vitro and in vivo after F-AgÅPs treatment. CONCLUSIONS F-AgÅPs can effectively alleviate arthritis without notable toxicities and their anti-arthritic effects are associated with the inhibition of inflammation, osteoclastogenesis, synoviocytes migration, and MMPs production. Our study suggests the prospect of F-AgÅPs as an efficient and low-toxicity agent for arthritis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Hui He
- Department of Orthopedics, Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Angmedicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Angmedicine Research Center, Central south university, Changsha, China
| | - Jing-Tao Zou
- Department of Orthopedics, Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Angmedicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Angmedicine Research Center, Central south university, Changsha, China
| | - Xia Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jiang-Shan Gong
- Department of Orthopedics, Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Angmedicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Angmedicine Research Center, Central south university, Changsha, China
| | - Ya Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Angmedicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Angmedicine Research Center, Central south university, Changsha, China
| | - Ling Jin
- Department of Orthopedics, Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Angmedicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Angmedicine Research Center, Central south university, Changsha, China
| | - Yi-Wei Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Angmedicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Angmedicine Research Center, Central south university, Changsha, China
| | - Shan-Shan Rao
- Department of Orthopedics, Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Angmedicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Angmedicine Research Center, Central south university, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hao Yin
- Department of Orthopedics, Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Angmedicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Angmedicine Research Center, Central south university, Changsha, China
| | - Yi-Juan Tan
- Department of Orthopedics, Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Angmedicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Angmedicine Research Center, Central south university, Changsha, China
| | - Zun Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Du
- Department of Orthopedics, Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Rehabilitation, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Hong-Ming Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Angmedicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Angmedicine Research Center, Central south university, Changsha, China
| | - Yu-Xuan Qian
- Department of Orthopedics, Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Angmedicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Angmedicine Research Center, Central south university, Changsha, China
| | - Zhen-Xing Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Angmedicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Angmedicine Research Center, Central south university, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yi-Yi Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Angmedicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Angmedicine Research Center, Central south university, Changsha, China
| | - Teng-Fei Wan
- Department of Orthopedics, Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Angmedicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Angmedicine Research Center, Central south university, Changsha, China
| | - Yi Luo
- Department of Orthopedics, Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Angmedicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Angmedicine Research Center, Central south university, Changsha, China
| | - Hao Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Angmedicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Angmedicine Research Center, Central south university, Changsha, China
| | - Chun-Yuan Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Angmedicine, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Angmedicine Research Center, Central south university, Changsha, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Hui Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Angmedicine, Changsha, Hunan, China.
- Angmedicine Research Center, Central south university, Changsha, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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3
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Zlatar L, Mahajan A, Muñoz-Becerra M, Weidner D, Bila G, Bilyy R, Titze J, Hoffmann MH, Schett G, Herrmann M, Steffen U, Muñoz LE, Knopf J. Suppression of neutrophils by sodium exacerbates oxidative stress and arthritis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1174537. [PMID: 37600805 PMCID: PMC10433750 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1174537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Typical Western diet, rich in salt, contributes to autoimmune disease development. However, conflicting reports exist about the effect of salt on neutrophil effector functions, also in the context of arthritis. Methods We investigated the effect of sodium chloride (NaCl) on neutrophil viability and functions in vitro, and in vivo employing the murine K/BxN-serum transfer arthritis (STA) model. Results and discussion The effects of NaCl and external reactive oxygen species (H2O2) were further examined on osteoclasts in vitro. Hypertonic sodium-rich media caused primary/secondary cell necrosis, altered the nuclear morphology, inhibited phagocytosis, degranulation, myeloperoxidase (MPO) peroxidation activity and neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation, while increasing total ROS production, mitochondrial ROS production, and neutrophil elastase (NE) activity. High salt diet (HSD) aggravated arthritis by increasing inflammation, bone erosion, and osteoclast differentiation, accompanied by increased NE expression and activity. Osteoclast differentiation was decreased with 25 mM NaCl or 100 nM H2O2 addition to isotonic media. In contrast to NaCl, external H2O2 had pro-resorptive effects in vitro. We postulate that in arthritis under HSD, increased bone erosion can be attributed to an enhanced oxidative milieu maintained by infiltrating neutrophils, rather than a direct effect of NaCl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticija Zlatar
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 – Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Aparna Mahajan
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 – Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Marco Muñoz-Becerra
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 – Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Daniela Weidner
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 – Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Galyna Bila
- Department of Histology, Cytology, Embryology, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Rostyslav Bilyy
- Department of Histology, Cytology, Embryology, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, Ukraine
| | - Jens Titze
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Programme in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Markus H. Hoffmann
- Department of Dermatology, Allergology, and Venereology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Georg Schett
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 – Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Martin Herrmann
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 – Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ulrike Steffen
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 – Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Luis E. Muñoz
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 – Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jasmin Knopf
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 – Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
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4
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Fauteux-Daniel S, Merlo Pich LM, Girard-Guyonvarc’h C, Caruso A, Rodriguez E, Gabay C. The role of interleukin-18 and interleukin-18 binding protein in K/BxN serum transfer-induced arthritis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1215364. [PMID: 37415987 PMCID: PMC10320286 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1215364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Interleukin-18 is a proinflammatory cytokine, the activity of which is regulated by its natural inhibitor, IL-18 binding protein (IL-18BP). Elevated circulating levels of IL-18 have been observed in patients with systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (sJIA) and adult-onset Still's disease (AOSD), two conditions associated with dysregulated innate immune responses. This study examines the expression and function of IL-18 and IL-18BP in K/BxN serum transfer arthritis (STA), a model that is uniquely dependent on innate immune responses. Methods Naïve and serum transfer-induced arthritis (STA) wild-type (WT) mice were used to examine the articular levels of IL-18 and IL-18BP mRNA by RT-qPCR. The cellular sources of IL-18BP in the joints were determined by using Il18bp-tdTomato reporter knock-in mice. The incidence and severity of arthritis, including mRNA levels of different cytokines, were compared in IL-18BP or IL-18 knock-out (KO) mice and their WT littermates. Results IL-18 and IL-18BP mRNA levels were significantly increased in arthritic as compared to normal joints. Synovial neutrophils, macrophages, and endothelial cells represented the cellular sources of IL-18BP in arthritic joints, whereas IL-18BP production was limited to endothelial cells in non-inflamed joints. The incidence and severity of arthritis were similar in IL-18BP KO and IL-18 KO compared to their WT littermates. Transcript levels of different inflammatory cytokines were not different in the two KO mouse lines compared to WT mice. Conclusion Although IL-18 and IL-18BP levels were increased in arthritic joints, our results show that the IL-18/IL-18BP balance is not involved in the regulation of STA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastien Fauteux-Daniel
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
- Geneva Centre for Inflammation Research, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Laura M. Merlo Pich
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
- Geneva Centre for Inflammation Research, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Charlotte Girard-Guyonvarc’h
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
- Geneva Centre for Inflammation Research, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Assunta Caruso
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
- Geneva Centre for Inflammation Research, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Emiliana Rodriguez
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
- Geneva Centre for Inflammation Research, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Cem Gabay
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
- Geneva Centre for Inflammation Research, Geneva, Switzerland
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5
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Faragher JL, Auger JL, Osinski V, Meier LA, Engelson BJ, Firulyova MM, Gonzalez-Torres MI, Brombacher F, Zaitsev K, Marath A, Binstadt BA. Autoimmune Valvular Carditis Requires Endothelial Cell TNFR1 Expression. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2023; 43:943-957. [PMID: 37021574 PMCID: PMC10213135 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.122.319025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation is a key driver of cardiovascular pathology, and many systemic autoimmune/rheumatic diseases are accompanied by increased cardiac risk. In the K/B.g7 mouse model of coexisting systemic autoantibody-mediated arthritis and valvular carditis, valve inflammation depends on macrophage production of TNF (tumor necrosis factor) and IL-6 (interleukin-6). Here, we sought to determine if other canonical inflammatory pathways participate and to determine whether TNF signaling through TNFR1 (tumor necrosis factor receptor 1) on endothelial cells is required for valvular carditis. METHODS We first asked if type 1, 2, or 3 inflammatory cytokine systems (typified by IFNγ, IL-4, and IL-17, respectively) were critical for valvular carditis in K/B.g7 mice, using a combination of in vivo monoclonal antibody blockade and targeted genetic ablation studies. To define the key cellular targets of TNF, we conditionally deleted its main proinflammatory receptor, TNFR1, in endothelial cells. We analyzed how the absence of endothelial cell TNFR1 affected valve inflammation, lymphangiogenesis, and the expression of proinflammatory genes and molecules. RESULTS We found that typical type 1, 2, and 3 inflammatory cytokine systems were not required for valvular carditis, apart from a known initial requirement of IL-4 for autoantibody production. Despite expression of TNFR1 on a wide variety of cell types in the cardiac valve, deleting TNFR1 specifically on endothelial cells protected K/B.g7 mice from valvular carditis. This protection was accompanied by reduced expression of VCAM-1 (vascular cell adhesion molecule), fewer valve-infiltrating macrophages, reduced pathogenic lymphangiogenesis, and diminished proinflammatory gene expression. CONCLUSIONS TNF and IL-6 are the main cytokines driving valvular carditis in K/B.g7 mice. The interaction of TNF with TNFR1 specifically on endothelial cells promotes cardiovascular pathology in the setting of systemic autoimmune/rheumatic disease, suggesting that therapeutic targeting of the TNF:TNFR1 interaction could be beneficial in this clinical context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica L. Faragher
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Jennifer L Auger
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Victoria Osinski
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Lee A Meier
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
- Department of Surgery, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO
| | - Brianna J Engelson
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Maria M. Firulyova
- Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
- Computer Technologies Laboratory, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Frank Brombacher
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Konstantin Zaitsev
- Computer Technologies Laboratory, ITMO University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Bryce A Binstadt
- Center for Immunology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
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6
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Li Q, Yue T, Du X, Tang Z, Cui J, Wang W, Xia W, Ren B, Kan S, Li C, Wu C, Niu X, Li B, Lin K, Luo J, Chen G, Wang Z. HSC70 mediated autophagic degradation of oxidized PRL2 is responsible for osteoclastogenesis and inflammatory bone destruction. Cell Death Differ 2023; 30:647-659. [PMID: 36182990 PMCID: PMC9984420 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-022-01068-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation leads to systemic osteoporosis or local bone destruction, however, the underlying molecular mechanisms are still poorly understood. In this study, we report that PRL2 is a negative regulator of osteoclastogenesis and bone absorption. Mice with PRL2 deficiency exhibit a decrease in bone volume and an increase in osteoclast numbers. PRL2 negatively regulates RANKL-induced reactive oxygen species production through the activation of RAC1, thus PRL2 deficient osteoclast precursors have both increased osteoclast differentiation ability and bone resorptive capacity. During inflammation, oxidized PRL2 is a selected substrate of HSC70 and conditions of oxidative stress trigger rapid degradation of PRL2 by HSC70 mediated endosomal microautophagy and chaperone-mediated autophagy. Ablation of PRL2 in mouse models of inflammatory bone disease leads to an increase in the number of osteoclasts and exacerbation of bone damage. Moreover, reduced PRL2 protein levels in peripheral myeloid cells are highly correlated with bone destruction in a mouse arthritis model and in human rheumatoid arthritis, while the autophagy inhibitor hydroxychloroquine blocked inflammation-induced PRL2 degradation and bone destruction in vivo. Therefore, our findings identify PRL2 as a new regulator in osteoimmunity, providing a link between inflammation and osteoporosis. As such, PRL2 is a potential therapeutic target for inflammatory bone disease and inhibition of HSC70 mediated autophagic degradation of PRL2 may offer new therapeutic tools for the treatment of inflammatory bone disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Tao Yue
- Department of Rheumatology, Guanghua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200052, China
| | - Xinyue Du
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Zaiming Tang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jinjie Cui
- Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Weifeng Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, Guanghua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200052, China
| | - Wenjie Xia
- Department of Rheumatology, Guanghua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200052, China
| | - Baiyang Ren
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Shuo Kan
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Chang Li
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Chenyun Wu
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xiaoyin Niu
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Kaili Lin
- Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Jian Luo
- Yangzhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 201619, China
| | - Guangjie Chen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Zhaojun Wang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
- Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, China; School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
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7
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Murayama MA, Shimizu J, Miyabe C, Yudo K, Miyabe Y. Chemokines and chemokine receptors as promising targets in rheumatoid arthritis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1100869. [PMID: 36860872 PMCID: PMC9968812 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1100869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease that commonly causes inflammation and bone destruction in multiple joints. Inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6 and TNF-α, play important roles in RA development and pathogenesis. Biological therapies targeting these cytokines have revolutionized RA therapy. However, approximately 50% of the patients are non-responders to these therapies. Therefore, there is an ongoing need to identify new therapeutic targets and therapies for patients with RA. In this review, we focus on the pathogenic roles of chemokines and their G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in RA. Inflamed tissues in RA, such as the synovium, highly express various chemokines to promote leukocyte migration, tightly controlled by chemokine ligand-receptor interactions. Because the inhibition of these signaling pathways results in inflammatory response regulation, chemokines and their receptors could be promising targets for RA therapy. The blockade of various chemokines and/or their receptors has yielded prospective results in preclinical trials using animal models of inflammatory arthritis. However, some of these strategies have failed in clinical trials. Nonetheless, some blockades showed promising results in early-phase clinical trials, suggesting that chemokine ligand-receptor interactions remain a promising therapeutic target for RA and other autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori A Murayama
- Department of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Institute of Biomedical Science, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jun Shimizu
- Department of Immunology and Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Chie Miyabe
- Department of Frontier Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kazuo Yudo
- Department of Frontier Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yoshishige Miyabe
- Department of Immunology and Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
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8
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Šteigerová M, Šíma M, Slanař O. Pathogenesis of Collagen-Induced Arthritis: Role of Immune Cells with Associated Cytokines and Antibodies, Comparison with Rheumatoid Arthritis. Folia Biol (Praha) 2023; 69:41-49. [PMID: 38063000 DOI: 10.14712/fb2023069020041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Collagen-induced arthritis is the most com-mon in vivo model of rheumatoid arthritis used for investigation of new potential therapies in preclinical research. Rheumatoid arthritis is a systemic inflammatory and autoimmune disease affecting joints, accompanied by significant extra-articular symptoms. The pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis and collagen-induced arthritis involves a so far properly unexplored network of immune cells, cytokines, antibodies and other factors. These agents trigger the autoimmune response leading to polyarthritis with cell infiltration, bone and cartilage degeneration and synovial cell proliferation. Our review covers the knowledge about cytokines present in the rat collagen-induced arthritis model and the factors affecting them. In addition, we provide a comparison with rheumatoid arthritis and a description of their important effects on the development of both diseases. We discuss the crucial roles of various immune cells (subtypes of T and B lymphocytes, dendritic cells, monocytes, macrophages), fibroblast-like synoviocy-tes, and their related cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IL-17, IL-23, GM-CSF, TGF-β). Finally, we also focus on key antibodies (rheu-matoid factor, anti-citrullinated protein antibodies, anti-collagen II antibodies) and tissue-degrading enzymes (matrix metalloproteinases).
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Šteigerová
- Institute of Pharmacology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Martin Šíma
- Institute of Pharmacology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Slanař
- Institute of Pharmacology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Czech Republic
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9
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Cheng YC, Zhang X, Lin SC, Li S, Chang YK, Chen HH, Lin CC. Echinocystic Acid Ameliorates Arthritis in SKG Mice by Suppressing Th17 Cell Differentiation and Human Rheumatoid Arthritis Fibroblast-Like Synoviocytes Inflammation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:16176-16187. [PMID: 36516328 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c05802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Echinocystic acid (EA), a pentacyclic triterpene, exhibits anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and analgesic activities to counteract pathological effects in various diseases. Here, we aimed to determine the immunomodulatory effect of EA on zymosan-induced arthritis in SKG mice and how it would influence Th17 differentiation and human rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synoviocytes inflammation. Our results showed that EA (10 and 25 mg/kg) attenuated arthritis symptoms, including high arthritis scores, infiltrating inflammatory cells, synovial hyperplasia, bone erosion, and the high levels of proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1β in paw tissues, and reduced the number of splenic Th17 cells. Mechanistically, we found that in vitro treatment of EA inhibited both IL-6- and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)-induced Th17 cell differentiation by suppressing the phosphorylation of signal transducers and transcriptional activators, especially STAT3. In line with the in vivo result, EA significantly reduced the protein and mRNA expression of IL-6 and IL-1β in human RA-FLA cells, MH7A cells. Furthermore, the production of both cytokines was confirmed with the downregulation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathways under the stimulation of TNF-α. In conclusion, these findings revealed that EA was capable of amelioration of arthritic disorders in SKG mice through inhibiting Th17 cell differentiation and synovial fibroblast inflammation, supporting that EA is a promising therapeutic candidate for treating RA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chieh Cheng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Tungs' Taichung Metro Harbor Hospital, Taichung 433, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Science, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm SE-171 77, Sweden
| | - Shih-Chao Lin
- Bachelor Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202, Taiwan
| | - Shiming Li
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901-8554, United States
| | - Yu-Kang Chang
- Department of Medical Research, Tungs' Taichung Metro Harbor Hospital, Taichung 433, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Hua Chen
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung City 40705, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei City 30010, Taiwan
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Enterprise Information, Tunghai University, Taichung City 407224, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Science, the iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chien Lin
- Institute of Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, Chung Hsing University, Taichung City 402, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Science, the iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
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10
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Brzezicka KA, Arlian BM, Wang S, Olmer M, Lotz M, Paulson JC. Suppression of Autoimmune Rheumatoid Arthritis with Hybrid Nanoparticles That Induce B and T Cell Tolerance to Self-Antigen. ACS NANO 2022; 16:20206-20221. [PMID: 36418226 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c05643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases affect over 4% of the world's population. Treatments are generally palliative or use broad spectrum immunosuppressants to reduce symptoms and disease progression. In some diseases, antibodies generated to a single autoantigen are the major cause of pathogenic inflammation, suggesting that treatments to induce tolerance to the autoantigen could be therapeutic. Here we report the development of hybrid nanoparticles (NPs) that induce tolerance in both T cells and B cells. The NPs comprise a lipid monolayer encapsulating a PLGA core loaded with rapamycin that promotes development of regulatory T cells (Tregs). The lipid monolayer displays the protein antigen and a ligand of the B cell inhibitory co-receptor CD22 (CD22L) that act together to suppress activation of B cells recognizing the antigen. We demonstrate that the hybrid NPs decorated with ovalbumin (OVA) elicit tolerance to OVA in naı̈ve mice, as judged by low OVA-specific antibody titers after the challenge. In the K/BxN mouse model of rheumatoid arthritis caused by B and T cell-dependent responses to the self-antigen glucose-6-phosphate-isomerase (GPI), we show that GPI hybrid NPs delay development of disease, with some treated mice remaining arthritis-free for 300 days. We provide evidence that the mechanism of rheumatoid arthritis suppression involves induction of B cell tolerance, as measured by low anti-GPI antibodies and decreased plasma cell populations, and T cell tolerance, as measured by increased Tregs. The results show the potential of this versatile NP platform for inducing immune tolerance to a self-antigen and suppressing autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna A Brzezicka
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Britni M Arlian
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Shengyang Wang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Merissa Olmer
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Martin Lotz
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - James C Paulson
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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11
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Attur M, Scher JU, Abramson SB, Attur M. Role of Intestinal Dysbiosis and Nutrition in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Cells 2022; 11:2436. [PMID: 35954278 PMCID: PMC9368368 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic systemic immune-mediated disease caused by genetic and environmental factors. It is often characterized by the generation of autoantibodies that lead to synovial inflammation and eventual multi-joint destruction. A growing number of studies have shown significant differences in the gut microbiota composition of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients compared to healthy controls. Environmental factors, and changes in diet and nutrition are thought to play a role in developing this dysbiosis. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge of intestinal dysbiosis, the role of nutritional factors, and its implications in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis and autoimmunity. The future direction focuses on developing microbiome manipulation therapeutics for RA disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malavikalakshmi Attur
- Drexel University College of Medicine, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
| | - Jose U Scher
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Steven B. Abramson
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Mukundan Attur
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY 10003, USA
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12
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Demarco B, Danielli S, Fischer FA, Bezbradica JS. How Pyroptosis Contributes to Inflammation and Fibroblast-Macrophage Cross-Talk in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Cells 2022; 11:1307. [PMID: 35455985 PMCID: PMC9028325 DOI: 10.3390/cells11081307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
About thirty years ago, a new form of pro-inflammatory lytic cell death was observed and termed pyroptosis. Only in 2015, gasdermins were defined as molecules that create pores at the plasma membrane and drive pyroptosis. Today, we know that gasdermin-mediated death is an important antimicrobial defence mechanism in bacteria, yeast and mammals as it destroys the intracellular niche for pathogen replication. However, excessive and uncontrolled cell death also contributes to immunopathology in several chronic inflammatory diseases, including arthritis. In this review, we discuss recent findings where pyroptosis contributes to tissue damage and inflammation with a main focus on injury-induced and autoimmune arthritis. We also review novel functions and regulatory mechanisms of the pyroptotic executors gasdermins. Finally, we discuss possible models of how pyroptosis may contribute to the cross-talk between fibroblast and macrophages, and also how this cross-talk may regulate inflammation by modulating inflammasome activation and pyroptosis induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Demarco
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK; (S.D.); (F.A.F.)
| | | | | | - Jelena S. Bezbradica
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK; (S.D.); (F.A.F.)
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13
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Hungnes IN, Al-Salemee F, Gawne PJ, Eykyn T, Atkinson RA, Terry SYA, Clarke F, Blower PJ, Pringle PG, Ma MT. One-step, kit-based radiopharmaceuticals for molecular SPECT imaging: a versatile diphosphine chelator for 99mTc radiolabelling of peptides. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:16156-16165. [PMID: 34704995 PMCID: PMC8594432 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03177e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Radiotracers labelled with technetium-99m (99mTc) enable accessible diagnostic imaging of disease, provided that radiotracer preparation is simple. Whilst 99mTc radiopharmaceuticals for imaging perfusion are routinely prepared from kits, and regularly used in healthcare, there are no 99mTc-labelled receptor-targeted radiopharmaceuticals in widespread clinical use. This is in part due to the multistep radiosyntheses required for the latter. We demonstrate that the diphosphine, 2,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)maleic anhydride (BMA), is an excellent platform for preparation of kit-based, receptor-targeted 99mTc-labelled radiotracers: its conjugates are simple to prepare and can be easily labelled with 99mTc using one-step, kit-based protocols. Here, reaction of BMA with the αvβ3-integrin receptor targeted cyclic peptide, Arg-Gly-Asp-DPhe-Lys (RGD), provided the first diphosphine-peptide conjugate, DP-RGD. DP-RGD was incorporated into a "kit", and addition of a saline solution containing 99mTcO4- to this kit, followed by heating, furnished the radiotracer [99mTcO2(DP-RGD)2]+ in consistently high radiochemical yields (>90%). The analogous [ReO2(DP-RGD)2]+ compound was prepared and characterised, revealing that both [99mTcO2(DP-RGD)2]+ and [ReO2(DP-RGD)2]+ consist of a mixture of cis and trans geometric isomers. Finally, [99mTcO2(DP-RGD)2]+ exhibited high metabolic stability, and selectively targeted αvβ3-integrin receptors, enabling in vivo SPECT imaging of αvβ3-integrin receptor expression in mice.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/diagnostic imaging
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/metabolism
- Chelating Agents/administration & dosage
- Chelating Agents/chemistry
- Chelating Agents/pharmacokinetics
- Female
- Humans
- Integrin alphaVbeta3/chemistry
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Transgenic
- Peptides, Cyclic/administration & dosage
- Peptides, Cyclic/chemistry
- Peptides, Cyclic/pharmacokinetics
- Phosphines/administration & dosage
- Phosphines/chemistry
- Phosphines/pharmacokinetics
- Radiopharmaceuticals/administration & dosage
- Radiopharmaceuticals/chemistry
- Radiopharmaceuticals/pharmacokinetics
- Technetium/administration & dosage
- Technetium/chemistry
- Technetium/pharmacokinetics
- Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingebjørg N Hungnes
- King's College London, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, 4th Floor Lambeth Wing, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK.
| | - Fahad Al-Salemee
- King's College London, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, 4th Floor Lambeth Wing, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK.
| | - Peter J Gawne
- King's College London, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, 4th Floor Lambeth Wing, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK.
| | - Thomas Eykyn
- King's College London, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, 4th Floor Lambeth Wing, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK.
| | - R Andrew Atkinson
- King's College London, Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, and Centre for Biomolecular Spectroscopy, London, UK
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Samantha Y A Terry
- King's College London, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, 4th Floor Lambeth Wing, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK.
| | - Fiona Clarke
- King's College London, Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, London, UK
| | - Philip J Blower
- King's College London, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, 4th Floor Lambeth Wing, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK.
| | - Paul G Pringle
- University of Bristol, School of Chemistry, Cantock's Close, Bristol, UK
| | - Michelle T Ma
- King's College London, School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, 4th Floor Lambeth Wing, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK.
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14
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Wong M, Jia Loon C, Rajasoorya C. An Atypical Presentation of Rheumatoid Arthritis as an Asymmetrical Arthropathy. Cureus 2021; 13:e18452. [PMID: 34745777 PMCID: PMC8561669 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.18452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a rare entity of distinctly asymmetrical rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in a 71-year-old Chinese lady with a history of cervical radiculopathy secondary to trauma sustained during childhood. The joints on the side of the paresis were spared from severe clinical and radiological manifestations of RA. We review the plausible mechanisms that could explain the link between neurological impairment and rheumatoid joint involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Wong
- Internal Medicine, Sengkang General Hospital, Singapore, SGP
| | - Chong Jia Loon
- Internal Medicine, Sengkang General Hospital, Singapore, SGP
| | - C Rajasoorya
- Internal Medicine, Sengkang General Hospital, Singapore, SGP
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15
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Noto CN, Hoft SG, DiPaolo RJ. Mast Cells as Important Regulators in Autoimmunity and Cancer Development. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:752350. [PMID: 34712668 PMCID: PMC8546116 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.752350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mast cells are an essential part of the immune system and are best known as important modulators of allergic and anaphylactic immune responses. Upon activation, mast cells release a multitude of inflammatory mediators with various effector functions that can be both protective and damage-inducing. Mast cells can have an anti-inflammatory or pro-inflammatory immunological effect and play important roles in regulating autoimmune diseases including rheumatoid arthritis, type 1 diabetes, and multiple sclerosis. Importantly, chronic inflammation and autoimmunity are linked to the development of specific cancers including pancreatic cancer, prostate cancer, colorectal cancer, and gastric cancer. Inflammatory mediators released from activated mast cells regulate immune responses and promote vascular permeability and the recruitment of immune cells to the site of inflammation. Mast cells are present in increased numbers in tissues affected by autoimmune diseases as well as in tumor microenvironments where they co-localize with T regulatory cells and T effector cells. Mast cells can regulate immune responses by expressing immune checkpoint molecules on their surface, releasing anti-inflammatory cytokines, and promoting vascularization of solid tumor sites. As a result of these immune modulating activities, mast cells have disease-modifying roles in specific autoimmune diseases and cancers. Therefore, determining how to regulate the activities of mast cells in different inflammatory and tumor microenvironments may be critical to discovering potential therapeutic targets to treat autoimmune diseases and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine N Noto
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Stella G Hoft
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Richard J DiPaolo
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, United States
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16
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Tsen SWD, Springer LE, Sharmah Gautam K, Tang R, Liang K, Sudlow G, Kucharski A, Pham CTN, Achilefu S. Non-invasive monitoring of arthritis treatment response via targeting of tyrosine-phosphorylated annexin A2 in chondrocytes. Arthritis Res Ther 2021; 23:265. [PMID: 34696809 PMCID: PMC8543875 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-021-02643-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development and optimization of therapies for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is currently hindered by a lack of methods for early non-invasive monitoring of treatment response. Annexin A2, an inflammation-associated protein whose presence and phosphorylation levels are upregulated in RA, represents a potential molecular target for tracking RA treatment response. METHODS LS301, a near-infrared dye-peptide conjugate that selectively targets tyrosine 23-phosphorylated annexin A2 (pANXA2), was evaluated for its utility in monitoring disease progression, remission, and early response to drug treatment in mouse models of RA by fluorescence imaging. The intraarticular distribution and localization of LS301 relative to pANXA2 was determined by histological and immunohistochemical methods. RESULTS In mouse models of spontaneous and serum transfer-induced inflammatory arthritis, intravenously administered LS301 showed selective accumulation in regions of joint pathology including paws, ankles, and knees with positive correlation between fluorescent signal and disease severity by clinical scoring. Whole-body near-infrared imaging with LS301 allowed tracking of spontaneous disease remission and the therapeutic response after dexamethasone treatment. Histological analysis showed preferential accumulation of LS301 within the chondrocytes and articular cartilage in arthritic mice, and colocalization was observed between LS301 and pANXA2 in the joint tissue. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate that fluorescence imaging with LS301 can be used to monitor the progression, remission, and early response to drug treatment in mouse models of RA. Given the ease of detecting LS301 with portable optical imaging devices, the agent may become a useful early treatment response reporter for arthritis diagnosis and drug evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaw-Wei D Tsen
- Departments of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Luke E Springer
- Division of Rheumatology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Krishna Sharmah Gautam
- Departments of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Rui Tang
- Departments of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Kexian Liang
- Departments of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Gail Sudlow
- Departments of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Amir Kucharski
- Departments of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Christine T N Pham
- Division of Rheumatology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
| | - Samuel Achilefu
- Departments of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
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17
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Srivastava A, Arlian BM, Pang L, Kishimoto TK, Paulson JC. Tolerogenic Nanoparticles Impacting B and T Lymphocyte Responses Delay Autoimmune Arthritis in K/BxN Mice. ACS Chem Biol 2021; 16:1985-1993. [PMID: 34037371 PMCID: PMC8526371 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.1c00212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Current treatments for unwanted antibody responses largely rely on immunosuppressive drugs compromising overall immunity. New approaches to achieve antigen-specific tolerance are desirable to avoid unwanted side effects. Several nanoparticle-based approaches that utilize different mechanisms to tolerize the B or T cell arms of the humoral immune response have shown promise for induction of antigen-specific tolerance, raising the possibility that they could work synergistically if combined. Earlier we showed that Siglec-engaging tolerance-inducing antigenic liposomes (STALs) that display both an antigen (Ag) and glycan ligands of the inhibitory co-receptor CD22 (CD22L) lead to robust antigen-specific B cell tolerance to protein antigens in naive mice. In another approach, administration of free Ag with poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)-rapamycin nanoparticles (PLGA-R) induced robust antigen-specific tolerance through production of regulatory T cells. Here we illustrate that coadministration of STALs together with PLGA-R to naive mice induced more robust tolerance to multiple antigen challenges than either nanoparticle alone. Moreover, in K/BxN mice that develop spontaneous autoimmune arthritis to the self-antigen glucose-6-phosphate-isomerase (GPI), co-delivery of GPI-LP-CD22L and PLGA-R delayed onset of disease and in some mice prevented the disease indefinitely. The results show synergy between B cell-tolerizing STALs and T cell-tolerizing PLGA-R and the potential to induce tolerance in early stage autoimmune disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Srivastava
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Britni M. Arlian
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Lijuan Pang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | | | - James C. Paulson
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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18
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BCL-XL antagonism selectively reduces neutrophil life span within inflamed tissues without causing neutropenia. Blood Adv 2021; 5:2550-2562. [PMID: 34100903 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020004139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils help to clear pathogens and cellular debris, but can also cause collateral damage within inflamed tissues. Prolonged neutrophil residency within an inflammatory niche can exacerbate tissue pathology. Using both genetic and pharmacological approaches, we show that BCL-XL is required for the persistence of neutrophils within inflammatory sites in mice. We demonstrate that a selective BCL-XL inhibitor (A-1331852) has therapeutic potential by causing apoptosis in inflammatory human neutrophils ex vivo. Moreover, in murine models of acute and chronic inflammatory disease, it reduced inflammatory neutrophil numbers and ameliorated tissue pathology. In contrast, there was minimal effect on circulating neutrophils. Thus, we show a differential survival requirement in activated neutrophils for BCL-XL and reveal a new therapeutic approach to neutrophil-mediated diseases.
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19
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HIF2α is a direct regulator of neutrophil motility. Blood 2021; 137:3416-3427. [PMID: 33619535 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020007505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Orchestrated recruitment of neutrophils to inflamed tissue is essential during the initiation of inflammation. Inflamed areas are usually hypoxic, and adaptation to reduced oxygen pressure is typically mediated by hypoxia pathway proteins. However, it remains unclear how these factors influence the migration of neutrophils to and at the site of inflammation during their transmigration through the blood-endothelial cell barrier, as well as their motility in the interstitial space. Here, we reveal that activation of hypoxia-inducible factor 2 (HIF2α) as a result of a deficiency in HIF prolyl hydroxylase domain protein 2 (PHD2) boosts neutrophil migration specifically through highly confined microenvironments. In vivo, the increased migratory capacity of PHD2-deficient neutrophils resulted in massive tissue accumulation in models of acute local inflammation. Using systematic RNA sequencing analyses and mechanistic approaches, we identified RhoA, a cytoskeleton organizer, as the central downstream factor that mediates HIF2α-dependent neutrophil motility. Thus, we propose that the novel PHD2-HIF2α-RhoA axis is vital to the initial stages of inflammation because it promotes neutrophil movement through highly confined tissue landscapes.
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20
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Teufel S, Köckemann P, Fabritius C, Wolff LI, Bertrand J, Pap T, Hartmann C. Loss of the WNT9a ligand aggravates the rheumatoid arthritis-like symptoms in hTNF transgenic mice. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:494. [PMID: 33990546 PMCID: PMC8121832 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03786-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Agonists and antagonists of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway are modulators of pathological aspects of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Their activity is primarily modifying bone loss and bone formation, as shown in animal models of RA. More recently, modulation of Wnt signaling by the antagonist Sclerostin has also been shown to influence soft-tissue-associated inflammatory aspects of the disease pointing towards a role of Wnt signaling in soft-tissue inflammation as well. Yet, nothing is known experimentally about the role of Wnt ligands in RA. Here we provide evidence that altering Wnt signaling at the level of a ligand affects all aspects of the rheumatoid arthritic disease. WNT9a levels are increased in the pannus tissue of RA patients, and stimulation of synovial fibroblasts (SFB) with tumor necrosis factor (TNF) leads to increased transcription of Wnt9a. Loss of Wnt9a in a chronic TNF-dependent RA mouse model results in an aggravation of disease progression with enhanced pannus formation and joint destruction. Yet, loss of its activity in the acute K/BxN serum-transfer induced arthritis (STIA) mouse model, which is independent of TNF signaling, has no effect on disease severity or progression. Thus, suggesting a specific role for WNT9a in TNF-triggered RA. In synovial fibroblasts, WNT9a can activate the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway, but it can also activate P38- and downregulate NFκB signaling. Based on in vitro data, we propose that loss of Wnt9a creates a slight proinflammatory and procatabolic environment that boosts the TNF-mediated inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Teufel
- Department of Bone and Skeletal Research, Institute of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Medical Faculty of the Westphalian Wilhelm University, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Petra Köckemann
- Department of Bone and Skeletal Research, Institute of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Medical Faculty of the Westphalian Wilhelm University, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Christine Fabritius
- Department of Bone and Skeletal Research, Institute of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Medical Faculty of the Westphalian Wilhelm University, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Lena I Wolff
- Department of Bone and Skeletal Research, Institute of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Medical Faculty of the Westphalian Wilhelm University, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Jessica Bertrand
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Pap
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Medical Faculty of the Westphalian Wilhelm University, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Christine Hartmann
- Department of Bone and Skeletal Research, Institute of Musculoskeletal Medicine, Medical Faculty of the Westphalian Wilhelm University, 48149, Münster, Germany.
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21
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Hubbard JJ, Pyzik M, Rath T, Kozicky LK, Sand KMK, Gandhi AK, Grevys A, Foss S, Menzies SC, Glickman JN, Fiebiger E, Roopenian DC, Sandlie I, Andersen JT, Sly LM, Baker K, Blumberg RS. FcRn is a CD32a coreceptor that determines susceptibility to IgG immune complex-driven autoimmunity. J Exp Med 2021; 217:151942. [PMID: 32658257 PMCID: PMC7537387 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20200359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
IgG immune complexes (ICs) promote autoimmunity through binding fragment crystallizable (Fc) γ-receptors (FcγRs). Of these, the highly prevalent FcγRIIa (CD32a) histidine (H)-131 variant (CD32aH) is strongly linked to human autoimmune diseases through unclear mechanisms. We show that, relative to the CD32a arginine (R)-131 (CD32aR) variant, CD32aH more avidly bound human (h) IgG1 IC and formed a ternary complex with the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) under acidic conditions. In primary human and mouse cells, both CD32a variants required FcRn to induce innate and adaptive immune responses to hIgG1 ICs, which were augmented in the setting of CD32aH. Conversely, FcRn induced responses to IgG IC independently of classical FcγR, but optimal responses required FcRn and FcγR. Finally, FcRn blockade decreased inflammation in a rheumatoid arthritis model without reducing circulating autoantibody levels, providing support for FcRn’s direct role in IgG IC-associated inflammation. Thus, CD32a and FcRn coregulate IgG IC-mediated immunity in a manner favoring the CD32aH variant, providing a novel mechanism for its disease association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan J Hubbard
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endoscopy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Michal Pyzik
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endoscopy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Timo Rath
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endoscopy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Lisa K Kozicky
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endoscopy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Kine M K Sand
- Department of Biosciences, Centre for Immune Regulation, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Immunology, Centre for Immune Regulation, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Amit K Gandhi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endoscopy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Algirdas Grevys
- Department of Biosciences, Centre for Immune Regulation, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Immunology, Centre for Immune Regulation, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stian Foss
- Department of Biosciences, Centre for Immune Regulation, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Immunology, Centre for Immune Regulation, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Susan C Menzies
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jonathan N Glickman
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Edda Fiebiger
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - Inger Sandlie
- Department of Biosciences, Centre for Immune Regulation, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Immunology, Centre for Immune Regulation, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan Terje Andersen
- Department of Biosciences, Centre for Immune Regulation, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Immunology, Centre for Immune Regulation, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Laura M Sly
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kristi Baker
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endoscopy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Richard S Blumberg
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Endoscopy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Harvard Digestive Diseases Center, Boston, MA
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22
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Zarantonello A, Pedersen H, Laursen NS, Andersen GR. Nanobodies Provide Insight into the Molecular Mechanisms of the Complement Cascade and Offer New Therapeutic Strategies. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11020298. [PMID: 33671302 PMCID: PMC7922070 DOI: 10.3390/biom11020298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The complement system is part of the innate immune response, where it provides immediate protection from infectious agents and plays a fundamental role in homeostasis. Complement dysregulation occurs in several diseases, where the tightly regulated proteolytic cascade turns offensive. Prominent examples are atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria and Alzheimer’s disease. Therapeutic intervention targeting complement activation may allow treatment of such debilitating diseases. In this review, we describe a panel of complement targeting nanobodies that allow modulation at different steps of the proteolytic cascade, from the activation of the C1 complex in the classical pathway to formation of the C5 convertase in the terminal pathway. Thorough structural and functional characterization has provided a deep mechanistic understanding of the mode of inhibition for each of the nanobodies. These complement specific nanobodies are novel powerful probes for basic research and offer new opportunities for in vivo complement modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Zarantonello
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; (A.Z.); (H.P.)
| | - Henrik Pedersen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; (A.Z.); (H.P.)
| | - Nick S. Laursen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark;
| | - Gregers R. Andersen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; (A.Z.); (H.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +45-30256646
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23
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Huffman KM, Andonian BJ, Abraham DM, Bareja A, Lee DE, Katz LH, Huebner JL, Kraus WE, White JP. Exercise protects against cardiac and skeletal muscle dysfunction in a mouse model of inflammatory arthritis. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2021; 130:853-864. [PMID: 33411638 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00576.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic inflammatory arthritis impacting primarily joints and cardiac and skeletal muscle. RA's distinct impact on cardiac and skeletal muscle tissue is suggested by studies showing that new RA pharmacologic agents strongly improve joint inflammation, but have little impact on RA-associated mortality, cardiovascular disease, and sarcopenia. Thus, the objective is to understand the distinct effects of RA on cardiac and skeletal muscle, and to therapeutically target these tissues through endurance-based exercise as a way to improve RA mortality and morbidity. We utilize the well-characterized RA mouse model, the K/BxN mouse, to investigate cardiac and skeletal muscle pathologies, including the use of wheel-running exercise to mitigate these pathologies. Strikingly, we found that K/BxN mice, like patients with RA, also exhibit both cardiac and skeletal muscle myopathies that were correlated with circulating IL-6 levels. Three months of wheel-running exercise significantly improved K/BxN joint swelling and reduced systemic IL-6 concentrations. Importantly, there were morphological, gene expression, and functional improvements in both the skeletal muscle and cardiac myopathies with exercise. The K/BxN mouse model of RA recapitulated important RA clinical comorbidities, including altered joint, cardiac and skeletal muscle function. These morphological, molecular, and functional alterations were mitigated with regular exercise, thus suggesting exercise as a potential therapeutic intervention to lessen disease activity in the joint and the peripheral tissues, including the heart and skeletal muscle.NEW & NOTEWORTHY RA, even when controlled, is associated with skeletal muscle weakness and greater risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Using exercise as a therapeutic against, the progression of RA is often avoided due to fear of worsening RA pathology. We introduce the K/BxN mouse as an RA model to study both myocardial and skeletal muscle dysfunction. We show that endurance exercise can improve joint, cardiac, and skeletal muscle function in K/BxN mice, suggesting exercise may be beneficial for patients with RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim M Huffman
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina.,Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina.,Duke Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Brian J Andonian
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina.,Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Dennis M Abraham
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Akshay Bareja
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina.,Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - David E Lee
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina.,Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Lauren H Katz
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina.,Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina.,UNC Adams School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Janet L Huebner
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - William E Kraus
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina.,Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina.,Duke Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - James P White
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina.,Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina.,Duke Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
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24
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Louis C, Souza-Fonseca-Guimaraes F, Yang Y, D'Silva D, Kratina T, Dagley L, Hediyeh-Zadeh S, Rautela J, Masters SL, Davis MJ, Babon JJ, Ciric B, Vivier E, Alexander WS, Huntington ND, Wicks IP. NK cell-derived GM-CSF potentiates inflammatory arthritis and is negatively regulated by CIS. J Exp Med 2020; 217:133838. [PMID: 32097462 PMCID: PMC7201918 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20191421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite increasing recognition of the importance of GM-CSF in autoimmune disease, it remains unclear how GM-CSF is regulated at sites of tissue inflammation. Using GM-CSF fate reporter mice, we show that synovial NK cells produce GM-CSF in autoantibody-mediated inflammatory arthritis. Synovial NK cells promote a neutrophilic inflammatory cell infiltrate, and persistent arthritis, via GM-CSF production, as deletion of NK cells, or specific ablation of GM-CSF production in NK cells, abrogated disease. Synovial NK cell production of GM-CSF is IL-18–dependent. Furthermore, we show that cytokine-inducible SH2-containing protein (CIS) is crucial in limiting GM-CSF signaling not only during inflammatory arthritis but also in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE), a murine model of multiple sclerosis. Thus, a cellular cascade of synovial macrophages, NK cells, and neutrophils mediates persistent joint inflammation via production of IL-18 and GM-CSF. Endogenous CIS provides a key brake on signaling through the GM-CSF receptor. These findings shed new light on GM-CSF biology in sterile tissue inflammation and identify several potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Louis
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia.,Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Fernando Souza-Fonseca-Guimaraes
- Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.,Molecular Immunology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia.,University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Yuyan Yang
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia.,Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Damian D'Silva
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia.,Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Tobias Kratina
- Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.,Molecular Immunology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
| | - Laura Dagley
- Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.,Systems Biology and Personalized Medicine Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
| | - Soroor Hediyeh-Zadeh
- Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.,Bioinformatics Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
| | - Jai Rautela
- Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.,Molecular Immunology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia.,Biomedicine Discovery Institute and the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Seth Lucian Masters
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia.,Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Melissa J Davis
- Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.,Bioinformatics Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
| | - Jeffrey J Babon
- Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.,Structural Biology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
| | - Bogoljub Ciric
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University. Philadelphia, PA
| | - Eric Vivier
- Innate Pharma Research Labs, Innate Pharma, Marseille, France.,Aix Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Marseille, France.,Service d'Immunologie, Marseille Immunopole, Hôpital de la Timone, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Warren S Alexander
- Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.,Blood Cells and Blood Cancer Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
| | - Nicholas D Huntington
- Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.,Biomedicine Discovery Institute and the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
| | - Ian P Wicks
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia.,Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.,Rheumatology Unit, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Australia
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25
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Zhang H, Zahid A, Ismail H, Tang Y, Jin T, Tao J. An overview of disease models for NLRP3 inflammasome over-activation. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2020; 16:429-446. [PMID: 33131335 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2021.1844179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Inflammatory reactions, including those mediated by the NLRP3 inflammasome, maintain the body's homeostasis by removing pathogens, repairing damaged tissues, and adapting to stressed environments. However, uncontrolled activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome tends to cause various diseases using different mechanisms. Recently, many inhibitors of the NLRP3 inflammasome have been reported and many are being developed. In order to assess their efficacy, specificity, and mechanism of action, the screening process of inhibitors requires various types of cell and animal models of NLRP3-associated diseases.Areas covered: In the following review, the authors give an overview of the cell and animal models that have been used during the research and development of various inhibitors of the NLRP3 inflammasome.Expert opinion: There are many NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitors, but most of the inhibitors have poor specificity and often influence other inflammatory pathways. The potential risk for cross-reaction is high; therefore, the development of highly specific inhibitors is essential. The selection of appropriate cell and animal models, and combined use of different models for the evaluation of these inhibitors can help to clarify the target specificity and therapeutic effects, which is beneficial for the development and application of drugs targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongliang Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Ayesha Zahid
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Hazrat Ismail
- MOE Key Laboratory for Cellular Dynamics & Anhui Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science. Hefei National Science Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale. University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yujie Tang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Tengchuan Jin
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Division of Molecular Medicine, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinhui Tao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, the First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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26
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Ercan A. Sex effect on the correlation of immunoglobulin G glycosylation with rheumatoid arthritis disease activity. Turk J Biol 2020; 44:406-416. [PMID: 33402867 PMCID: PMC7759195 DOI: 10.3906/biy-2005-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease which affects females more than males with a presence of autoantibodies. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) produced by adaptive arm has 2 functional domains, Fc and Fab. The Fc domain binds Fc gamma receptors and C1q proteins of the innate arm. Therefore, the IgG Fc domain serves as a bridge between the innate and adaptive arms and is regulated by an evolutionarily conserved N-glycosylation with variable structures. These glycans are classified as agalactosylated G0, monogalactosylated G1, and digalactosylated G2, which are further modified by core-fucosylation (F) and bisecting N-acetylglucosamine (B) moieties such as G0F and G0FB. Interestingly, proinflammatory G0F is shown to be regulated by estrogen in vivo. Here, it is hypothesized that the regulation of G0F by estrogen contributes to sex dichotomy in RA by setting up the level of IgG-dependent inflammation and therefore, RA disease activity (Das28-CRP3). To investigate this hypothesis, IgG glycosylation was characterized in serum samples from active RA patients (n = 232) and healthy controls (n = 232) by serum N-glycan analysis using the high performance liquid chromatography. According to the results, the IgG Fc glycan phenotype originates predominantly from the structure of G0F, and both G0F and G0FB correlate with Das28-CRP3 in females, but not in males. In conclusion, IgG G0F-dependent inflammation differs in males and females, and these differences point to the differential regulation of inflammation by sex hormone estrogen via IgG glycosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Altan Ercan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Life and Natural Sciences, Abdullah Gül University, Kayseri Turkey
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27
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Suppression of inflammatory arthritis in human serum paraoxonase 1 transgenic mice. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16848. [PMID: 33033318 PMCID: PMC7546628 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74016-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Paraoxonase 1(PON1) is an HDL-associated protein, which metabolizes inflammatory, oxidized lipids associated with atherosclerotic plaque development. Because oxidized lipid mediators have also been implicated in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), we evaluated the role of PON1 in murine inflammatory arthritis. K/BxN serum transfer (STIA) or collagen antibody transfer (CAIA) was used for arthritis induction in B6 mice homozygous for the PON1 human transgene [PON1Tg], PON1 knock-out mice [PON1KO], and wild type littermate control mice [WT]. Experiments were also performed in K/BxN mice with chronic arthritis, and in RA patients and healthy controls. Arthritis activity in K/BxN mice was associated with a marked dyslipidemia, lower PON1 activity and higher bioactive lipid mediators (BLM), as well as a dysregulated hepatic lipid gene expression profile. Higher serum PON1 activity correlated with lower BLM and lower arthritis activity in both K/BxN mice and RA patients. Overexpression of the human PON1 transgene was associated with reduced inflammatory arthritis, which correlated strongly with higher circulating PON1 activity, upregulation of the hepatic glutathione pathway, and reduction of circulating BLM. These results implicate PON1 as a potential novel therapeutic target for joint disease in RA with potential for vascular benefit, which warrants further investigation.
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28
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Synergy between 15-lipoxygenase and secreted PLA 2 promotes inflammation by formation of TLR4 agonists from extracellular vesicles. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:25679-25689. [PMID: 32973091 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2005111117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Damage-associated endogenous molecules induce innate immune response, thus making sterile inflammation medically relevant. Stress-derived extracellular vesicles (stressEVs) released during oxidative stress conditions were previously found to activate Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), resulting in expression of a different pattern of immune response proteins in comparison to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), underlying the differences between pathogen-induced and sterile inflammation. Here we report that synergistic activities of 15-lipoxygenase (15-LO) and secreted phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) are needed for the formation of TLR4 agonists, which were identified as lysophospholipids (lysoPLs) with oxidized unsaturated acyl chain. Hydroxy, hydroperoxy, and keto products of 2-arachidonoyl-lysoPI oxidation by 15-LO were identified by mass spectrometry (MS), and they activated the same gene pattern as stressEVs. Extracellular PLA2 activity was detected in the synovial fluid from rheumatoid arthritis and gout patients. Furthermore, injection of sPLA2 promoted K/BxN serum-induced arthritis in mice, whereby ankle swelling was partially TLR4 dependent. Results confirm the role of oxidized lysoPL of stressEVs in sterile inflammation that promotes chronic diseases. Both 15-LO and sPLA2 enzymes are induced during inflammation, which opens the opportunity for therapy without compromising innate immunity against pathogens.
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Miyabe Y, Miyabe C, Iwai Y, Luster AD. Targeting the Chemokine System in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Vasculitis. JMA J 2020; 3:182-192. [PMID: 33150252 PMCID: PMC7590389 DOI: 10.31662/jmaj.2020-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Arrest of circulating leukocytes and subsequent diapedesis is a fundamental component of inflammation. In general, the leukocyte migration cascade is tightly regulated by chemoattractants, such as chemokines. Chemokines, small secreted chemotactic cytokines, as well as their G-protein-coupled seven transmembrane spanning receptors, control the migratory patterns, positioning and cellular interactions of immune cells. Increased levels of chemokines and their receptors are found in the blood and within inflamed tissue in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and vasculitis. Chemokine ligand-receptor interactions regulate the recruitment of leukocytes into tissue, thus contributing in important ways to the pathogenesis of RA and vasculitis. Despite the fact that blockade of chemokines and chemokine receptors in animal models have yielded promising results, human clinical trials in RA using inhibitors of chemokines and their receptors have generally failed to show clinical benefits. However, recent early phase clinical trials suggest that strategies blocking specific chemokines may have clinical benefits in RA, demonstrating that the chemokine system remains a promising therapeutic target for rheumatic diseases, such as RA and vasuculitis and requires further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshishige Miyabe
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chie Miyabe
- Department of Dermatology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Iwai
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute for Advanced Medical Sciences, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Andrew D Luster
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
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Lewis BJ, Branch DR. Mouse Models of Rheumatoid Arthritis for Studies on Immunopathogenesis and Preclinical Testing of Fc Receptor-Targeting Biologics. Pharmacology 2020; 105:618-629. [DOI: 10.1159/000508239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
<b><i>Background:</i></b> Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease that causes inflammation, swelling, and pain in the joints and involves systemic complications. Mouse models of RA have been extensively used to model the pathogenesis of RA and to develop effective therapies. Although many components of the immune system have been studied in these models, the role of crystallizable fragment (Fc) gamma receptors (FcγRs) in RA has been sorely neglected. The aim of this review was to introduce the different mouse models of RA and to describe the different drug development strategies that have been tested in these models to target FcγR function, with the focus being on drugs that have been made from the Fc of immunoglobulin G (IgG). <b><i>Summary:</i></b> Evidence suggests that FcγRs play a major role in immune complex-induced inflammation in autoimmune diseases, such as RA. However, there is limited knowledge on the importance of FcγRs in the human disease even though there has been extensive work in mouse models of RA. Numerous mouse models of RA are available, with each model depicting certain aspects of the disease. Induced models of RA have nonspecific immune activation with cartilage-directed autoimmunity, whereas spontaneous models of RA develop without immunization, which results in a more chronic form of arthritis. These models have been used to test FcγR-targeting monoclonal antibodies, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg), subcutaneously administered IVIg, and recombinant Fcs for their ability to interact with and modify FcγR function. Recombinant Fcs avidly bind FcγRs and exhibit enhanced therapeutic efficacy in mouse models of RA. <b><i>Key Message:</i></b> The therapeutic utility of targeting FcγRs with recombinant Fcs is great and should be explored in human clinical trials for autoimmune diseases, such as RA.
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Svensson MND, Zoccheddu M, Yang S, Nygaard G, Secchi C, Doody KM, Slowikowski K, Mizoguchi F, Humby F, Hands R, Santelli E, Sacchetti C, Wakabayashi K, Wu DJ, Barback C, Ai R, Wang W, Sims GP, Mydel P, Kasama T, Boyle DL, Galimi F, Vera D, Tremblay ML, Raychaudhuri S, Brenner MB, Firestein GS, Pitzalis C, Ekwall AKH, Stanford SM, Bottini N. Synoviocyte-targeted therapy synergizes with TNF inhibition in arthritis reversal. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaba4353. [PMID: 32637608 PMCID: PMC7319753 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aba4353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) are joint-lining cells that promote rheumatoid arthritis (RA) pathology. Current disease-modifying antirheumatic agents (DMARDs) operate through systemic immunosuppression. FLS-targeted approaches could potentially be combined with DMARDs to improve control of RA without increasing immunosuppression. Here, we assessed the potential of immunoglobulin-like domains 1 and 2 (Ig1&2), a decoy protein that activates the receptor tyrosine phosphatase sigma (PTPRS) on FLS, for RA therapy. We report that PTPRS expression is enriched in synovial lining RA FLS and that Ig1&2 reduces migration of RA but not osteoarthritis FLS. Administration of an Fc-fusion Ig1&2 attenuated arthritis in mice without affecting innate or adaptive immunity. Furthermore, PTPRS was down-regulated in FLS by tumor necrosis factor (TNF) via a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-mediated pathway, and TNF inhibition enhanced PTPRS expression in arthritic joints. Combination of ineffective doses of TNF inhibitor and Fc-Ig1&2 reversed arthritis in mice, providing an example of synergy between FLS-targeted and immunosuppressive DMARD therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattias N. D. Svensson
- Department of Medicine, Altman Clinical and Translational Research Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Division of Cellular Biology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Martina Zoccheddu
- Department of Medicine, Altman Clinical and Translational Research Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Shen Yang
- Department of Medicine, Altman Clinical and Translational Research Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Gyrid Nygaard
- Department of Medicine, Altman Clinical and Translational Research Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Christian Secchi
- Department of Medicine, Altman Clinical and Translational Research Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Division of Cellular Biology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, University of Sassari Medical School, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Karen M. Doody
- Division of Cellular Biology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Kamil Slowikowski
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Partners HealthCare Personalized Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Technical Institute and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Bioinformatics and Integrative Genomics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Fumitaka Mizoguchi
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
| | - Frances Humby
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, John Vane Science Centre, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Rebecca Hands
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, John Vane Science Centre, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Eugenio Santelli
- Department of Medicine, Altman Clinical and Translational Research Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Division of Cellular Biology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Cristiano Sacchetti
- Department of Medicine, Altman Clinical and Translational Research Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Division of Cellular Biology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Kuninobu Wakabayashi
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - Dennis J. Wu
- Department of Medicine, Altman Clinical and Translational Research Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Christopher Barback
- Department of Radiology, University of California, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- UCSD Molecular Imaging Program, University of California, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Rizi Ai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Gary P. Sims
- Respiratory, Inflammation and Autoimmunity, Biopharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Piotr Mydel
- Broegelmann Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, The Laboratory Building, 5th Floor, 5021 Bergen, Norway
- Department of Microbiology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Tsuyoshi Kasama
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, 1-5-8 Hatanodai, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8555, Japan
| | - David L. Boyle
- Department of Medicine, Altman Clinical and Translational Research Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Francesco Galimi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, University of Sassari Medical School, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - David Vera
- Department of Radiology, University of California, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- UCSD Molecular Imaging Program, University of California, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Michel L. Tremblay
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 1A3, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 1A3, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Soumya Raychaudhuri
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Genetics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Partners HealthCare Personalized Medicine, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Technical Institute and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Rheumatology Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm S-171 76, Sweden
- Institute of Inflammation and Repair, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Michael B. Brenner
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gary S. Firestein
- Department of Medicine, Altman Clinical and Translational Research Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Costantino Pitzalis
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, John Vane Science Centre, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Anna-Karin H. Ekwall
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Stephanie M. Stanford
- Department of Medicine, Altman Clinical and Translational Research Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Division of Cellular Biology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Nunzio Bottini
- Department of Medicine, Altman Clinical and Translational Research Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Division of Cellular Biology, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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Wei K, Korsunsky I, Marshall JL, Gao A, Watts GFM, Major T, Croft AP, Watts J, Blazar PE, Lange JK, Thornhill TS, Filer A, Raza K, Donlin LT, Siebel CW, Buckley CD, Raychaudhuri S, Brenner MB. Notch signalling drives synovial fibroblast identity and arthritis pathology. Nature 2020; 582:259-264. [PMID: 32499639 PMCID: PMC7841716 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2222-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 261] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The synovium is a mesenchymal tissue composed mainly of fibroblasts with a lining and sublining that surrounds the joints. In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the synovial tissue undergoes marked hyperplasia, becomes inflamed and invasive and destroys the joint1,2. Recently, we and others found that a subset of fibroblasts located in the sublining undergoes major expansion in RA and is linked to disease activity3,4,5. However, the molecular mechanism by which these fibroblasts differentiate and expand in RA remains unknown. Here, we identified a critical role for NOTCH3 signaling in the differentiation of perivascular and sublining CD90(THY1)+ fibroblasts. Using single cell RNA-sequencing and synovial tissue organoids, we found that NOTCH3 signaling drives both transcriptional and spatial gradients in fibroblasts emanating from vascular endothelial cells outward. In active RA, NOTCH3 and NOTCH target genes are markedly upregulated in synovial fibroblasts. Importantly, genetic deletion of Notch3 or monoclonal antibody-blockade of NOTCH3 signaling attenuates inflammation and prevents joint damage in inflammatory arthritis. Our results indicate that synovial fibroblasts exhibit positional identity regulated by endothelium-derived Notch signaling and that this stromal crosstalk pathway underlies inflammation and pathology in inflammatory arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Wei
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ilya Korsunsky
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Center for Data Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer L Marshall
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute for Inflammation and Ageing, NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Center and Clinical Research Facility, University of Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Anqi Gao
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gerald F M Watts
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Triin Major
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute for Inflammation and Ageing, NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Center and Clinical Research Facility, University of Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Adam P Croft
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute for Inflammation and Ageing, NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Center and Clinical Research Facility, University of Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jordan Watts
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Philip E Blazar
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey K Lange
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thomas S Thornhill
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew Filer
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute for Inflammation and Ageing, NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Center and Clinical Research Facility, University of Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Karim Raza
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute for Inflammation and Ageing, NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Center and Clinical Research Facility, University of Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Laura T Donlin
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Christian W Siebel
- Department of Discovery Oncology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Christopher D Buckley
- Rheumatology Research Group, Institute for Inflammation and Ageing, NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Center and Clinical Research Facility, University of Birmingham, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Birmingham, UK.,The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Soumya Raychaudhuri
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. .,Center for Data Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. .,Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. .,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA. .,Centre for Genetics and Genomics Versus Arthritis, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Michael B Brenner
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Lasrado N, Yalaka B, Reddy J. Triggers of Inflammatory Heart Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:192. [PMID: 32266270 PMCID: PMC7105865 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory heart disease (IHD) is a group of diseases that includes pericarditis, myocarditis, and endocarditis. Although males appear to be more commonly affected than females, IHD can be seen in any age group. While the disease can be self-limiting leading to full recovery, affected individuals can develop chronic disease, suggesting that identification of primary triggers is critical for successful therapies. Adding to this complexity, however, is the fact that IHD can be triggered by a variety of infectious and non-infectious causes that can also occur as secondary events to primary insults. In this review, we discuss the immunological insights into the development of IHD as well as a mechanistic understanding of the disease process in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ninaad Lasrado
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Bharathi Yalaka
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
- Bristol-Myers Squibb – Hopewell, Pennington, NJ, United States
| | - Jay Reddy
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska–Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
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Lewis BJB, Ville J, Blacquiere M, Cen S, Spirig R, Zuercher AW, Käsermann F, Branch DR. Using the K/BxN mouse model of endogenous, chronic, rheumatoid arthritis for the evaluation of potential immunoglobulin-based therapeutic agents, including IVIg and Fc-μTP-L309C, a recombinant IgG1 Fc hexamer. BMC Immunol 2019; 20:44. [PMID: 31801459 PMCID: PMC6894239 DOI: 10.1186/s12865-019-0328-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-dose intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg), and more recently, subcutaneously-delivered Ig (SCIg), are used to treat a variety of autoimmune diseases; however, there are challenges associated with product production, availability, access and efficacy. These challenges have provided incentives to develop a human recombinant Fc as a more potent alternative to IVIg and SCIg for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Recently, a recombinant human IgG1 Fc hexamer (Fc-μTP-L309C) was shown to be more efficacious than IVIg in a variety of autoimmune mouse models. We have now examined its efficacy compared to IVIg and SCIg in the K/BxN mouse model of endogenous, chronic rheumatoid arthritis (RA). RESULT Using the serum-transfer K/BxN model and the endogenous autoimmune model, amelioration of the arthritis was achieved. Effective treatment required high and frequent doses of IVIg, SCIg and Fc-μTP-L309C. However, Fc-μTP-L309C was efficacious at 10-fold lower doses that IVIg/SCIg. Also, arthritis could be prevented when Fc-μTP-L309C was given prior to onset of the arthritis in both the endogenous model and in the serum transfer model. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that Fc-μTP-L309C is a powerful treatment for the prevention and amelioration of severe, chronic arthritis in a true autoimmune mouse model of RA. Thus, the K/BxN endogenous arthritis model should be useful for testing potential therapeutics for RA. Our findings provide rationale for further examination of the treatment efficacy of immunoglobulin-based therapeutics in rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonnie J B Lewis
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, 67 College St., Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2M1, Canada.,Centre for Innovation, Canadian Blood Services, 67 College St., Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2M1, Canada
| | - Jade Ville
- Centre for Innovation, Canadian Blood Services, 67 College St., Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2M1, Canada.,School for Biology-Biochemistry-Biotechnology, Catholic University of Lyon, 10 place des Archives, 69288, Lyon Cedex 02, France
| | - Megan Blacquiere
- Centre for Innovation, Canadian Blood Services, 67 College St., Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2M1, Canada
| | - Selena Cen
- Centre for Innovation, Canadian Blood Services, 67 College St., Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2M1, Canada
| | - Rolf Spirig
- CSL Behring, Research, CSL Biologics Research Center, Wankdorfstrasse 10, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Adrian W Zuercher
- CSL Behring, Research, CSL Biologics Research Center, Wankdorfstrasse 10, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Fabian Käsermann
- CSL Behring, Research, CSL Biologics Research Center, Wankdorfstrasse 10, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Donald R Branch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, 67 College St., Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2M1, Canada. .,Centre for Innovation, Canadian Blood Services, 67 College St., Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2M1, Canada. .,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, 67 College St., Toronto, Ontario, M5G 2M1, Canada.
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Chemokines in rheumatic diseases: pathogenic role and therapeutic implications. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2019; 15:731-746. [PMID: 31705045 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-019-0323-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Chemokines, a family of small secreted chemotactic cytokines, and their G protein-coupled seven transmembrane spanning receptors control the migratory patterns, positioning and cellular interactions of immune cells. The levels of chemokines and their receptors are increased in the blood and within inflamed tissue of patients with rheumatic diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis, vasculitis or idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. Chemokine ligand-receptor interactions control the recruitment of leukocytes into tissue, which are central to the pathogenesis of these rheumatic diseases. Although the blockade of various chemokines and chemokine receptors has yielded promising results in preclinical animal models of rheumatic diseases, human clinical trials have, in general, been disappointing. However, there have been glimmers of hope from several early-phase clinical trials that suggest that sufficiently blocking the relevant chemokine pathway might in fact have clinical benefits in rheumatic diseases. Hence, the chemokine system remains a promising therapeutic target for rheumatic diseases and requires further study.
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36
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Macrophage M1/M2 polarization and rheumatoid arthritis: A systematic review. Autoimmun Rev 2019; 18:102397. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2019.102397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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37
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Flammier S, Peyruchaud O, Bourguillault F, Duboeuf F, Davignon JL, Norman DD, Isaac S, Marotte H, Tigyi G, Machuca-Gayet I, Coury F. Osteoclast-Derived Autotaxin, a Distinguishing Factor for Inflammatory Bone Loss. Arthritis Rheumatol 2019; 71:1801-1811. [PMID: 31162832 DOI: 10.1002/art.41005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The severity of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) correlates directly with bone erosions arising from osteoclast (OC) hyperactivity. Despite the fact that inflammation may be controlled in patients with RA, those in a state of sustained clinical remission or low disease activity may continue to accrue erosions, which supports the need for treatments that would be suitable for long-lasting inhibition of OC activity without altering the physiologic function of OCs in bone remodeling. Autotaxin (ATX) contributes to inflammation, but its role in bone erosion is unknown. METHODS ATX was targeted by inhibitory treatment with pharmacologic drugs and also by conditional inactivation of the ATX gene Ennp2 in murine OCs (ΔATXC tsk ). Arthritic and erosive diseases were studied in human tumor necrosis factor-transgenic (hTNF+/- ) mice and mice with K/BxN serum transfer-induced arthritis. Systemic bone loss was also analyzed in mice with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation and estrogen deprivation. Joint inflammation and bone erosion were assessed by histology and micro-computed tomography. The role of ATX in RA was also examined in OC differentiation and activity assays. RESULTS OCs present at sites of inflammation overexpressed ATX. Pharmacologic inhibition of ATX in hTNF+/- mice, as compared to vehicle-treated controls, significantly mitigated focal bone erosion (36% decrease; P < 0.05) and systemic bone loss (43% decrease; P < 0.05), without affecting synovial inflammation. OC-derived ATX was revealed to be instrumental in OC bone resorptive activity and was up-regulated by the inflammation elicited in the presence of TNF or LPS. Specific loss of ATX in OCs from mice subjected to ovariectomy significantly protected against the systemic bone loss and erosion that had been induced with LPS and K/BxN serum treatments (30% reversal of systemic bone loss [P < 0.01]; 55% reversal of erosion [P < 0.001]), without conferring bone-protective properties. CONCLUSION Our results identify ATX as a novel OC factor that specifically controls inflammation-induced bone erosions and systemic bone loss. Therefore, ATX inhibition offers a novel therapeutic approach for potentially preventing bone erosion in patients with RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sacha Flammier
- INSERM UMR 1033 LYOS and University of Lyon I, Lyon, France
| | | | | | | | - Jean-Luc Davignon
- University of Paul Sabatier Toulouse III, INSERM-CNRS U1043, CPTP, CHU Purpan, and Pierre Paul Riquet Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Derek D Norman
- University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | | | - Hubert Marotte
- SAINBIOSE, INSERM, U1059, LBTO, University of Lyon, and University Hospital of St. Étienne, St. Étienne, France
| | - Gabor Tigyi
- University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center, Memphis, Tennessee
| | | | - Fabienne Coury
- INSERM UMR 1033 LYOS and University of Lyon I, Lyon, France, and Lyon Sud Hospital, Pierre-Bénite, France
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38
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Culemann S, Grüneboom A, Krönke G. Origin and function of synovial macrophage subsets during inflammatory joint disease. Adv Immunol 2019; 143:75-98. [PMID: 31607368 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ai.2019.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Mononuclear phagocytes, including monocytes and macrophages, are a central component of the host's innate immune system designated to protect against invading pathogens. However, these cells do not only interact with various parts of the innate and adaptive immune system, but also fulfill indispensable duties during the control of tissue homeostasis and organ function. Moreover, macrophages are crucially involved in tissue remodeling and repair in response to damage. Simultaneously, mononuclear phagocytes might also contribute to the pathogenesis of various inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. In particular, their potential role in inflammatory joint diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has drawn increasing attention and substantially shaped our general understanding of the role of monocytes and macrophages during health and disease. This review summarizes our current knowledge about the origin and function of mononuclear phagocytes within the joint and addresses their involvement in joint inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Culemann
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.; Nikolaus Fiebiger Center of Molecular Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anika Grüneboom
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.; Nikolaus Fiebiger Center of Molecular Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gerhard Krönke
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.; Nikolaus Fiebiger Center of Molecular Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany.
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39
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Chan MM, Yang X, Wang H, Saaoud F, Sun Y, Fong D. The Microbial Metabolite Trimethylamine N-Oxide Links Vascular Dysfunctions and the Autoimmune Disease Rheumatoid Arthritis. Nutrients 2019; 11:E1821. [PMID: 31394758 PMCID: PMC6723051 DOI: 10.3390/nu11081821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 07/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet and microbiota each have a direct impact on many chronic, inflammatory, and metabolic diseases. As the field develops, a new perspective is emerging. The effects of diet may depend on the microbiota composition of the intestine. A diet that is rich in choline, red meat, dairy, or egg may promote the growth, or change the composition, of microbial species. The microbiota, in turn, may produce metabolites that increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. This article reviews our current understanding of the effects of the molecule trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) obtained from food or produced by the microbiota. We review the mechanisms of actions of TMAO, and studies that associate it with cardiovascular and chronic kidney diseases. We introduce a novel concept: TMAO is one among a group of selective uremic toxins that may rise to high levels in the circulation or accumulate in various organs. Based on this information, we evaluate how TMAO may harm, by exacerbating inflammation, or may protect, by attenuating amyloid formation, in autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion M Chan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Center for Inflammation, Translational and Clinical Lung Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Fatma Saaoud
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Yu Sun
- Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Dunne Fong
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
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40
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Duchez AC, Boudreau LH, Naika GS, Rousseau M, Cloutier N, Levesque T, Gelb MH, Boilard E. Respective contribution of cytosolic phospholipase A2α and secreted phospholipase A 2 IIA to inflammation and eicosanoid production in arthritis. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2019; 143:106340. [PMID: 31129176 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2019.106340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Phospholipase A2s (PLA2) play a key role in generation of eicosanoids. Cytosolic PLA2α (cPLA2α) is constitutively expressed in most cells, whereas IIA secreted PLA2 (sPLA2-IIA) is induced during inflammation and is present at high levels in the synovial fluid of rheumatoid arthritis patients. In mice, both cPLA2α and sPLA2-IIA have been implicated in autoimmune arthritis; however, the respective contribution of these two enzymes to the pathogenesis and production of eicosanoids is unknown. We evaluated the respective role of cPLA2α and sPLA2-IIA with regard to arthritis and eicosanoid profile in an in vivo model of arthritis. While arthritis was most severe in mice expressing both enzymes, it was abolished when both cPLA2α and sPLA2-IIA were lacking. cPLA2α played a dominant role in the severity of arthritis, although sPLA2-IIA sufficed to significantly contribute to the disease. Several eicosanoids were modulated during the course of arthritis and numerous species involved sPLA2-IIA expression. This study confirms the critical role of PLA2s in arthritis and unveils the distinct contribution of cPLA2α and sPLA2-IIA to the eicosanoid profile in arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Claire Duchez
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Faculté de Médecine de l'Université Laval, Département de microbiologie et immunologie, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Luc H Boudreau
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Faculté de Médecine de l'Université Laval, Département de microbiologie et immunologie, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, Moncton, E1A 3E9, Canada
| | - Gajendra S Naika
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Matthieu Rousseau
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Faculté de Médecine de l'Université Laval, Département de microbiologie et immunologie, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Nathalie Cloutier
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Faculté de Médecine de l'Université Laval, Département de microbiologie et immunologie, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Tania Levesque
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Faculté de Médecine de l'Université Laval, Département de microbiologie et immunologie, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Michael H Gelb
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Eric Boilard
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec, Faculté de Médecine de l'Université Laval, Département de microbiologie et immunologie, Québec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada; Canadian National Transplantation Research Program, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
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41
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Solouki S, August A, Huang W. Non-receptor tyrosine kinase signaling in autoimmunity and therapeutic implications. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 201:39-50. [PMID: 31082431 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases are characterized by impaired immune tolerance towards self-antigens, leading to enhanced immunity to self by dysfunctional B cells and/or T cells. The activation of these cells is controlled by non-receptor tyrosine kinases (NRTKs), which are critical mediators of antigen receptor and cytokine receptor signaling pathways. NRTKs transduce, amplify and sustain activating signals that contribute to autoimmunity, and are counter-regulated by protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs). The function of and interaction between NRTKs and PTPs during the development of autoimmunity could be key points of therapeutic interference against autoimmune diseases. In this review, we summarize the current state of knowledge of the functions of NRTKs and PTPs involved in B cell receptor (BCR), T cell receptor (TCR), and cytokine receptor signaling pathways that contribute to autoimmunity, and discuss their targeting for therapeutic approaches against autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Solouki
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Avery August
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Weishan Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
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42
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Hannemann N, Cao S, Eriksson D, Schnelzer A, Jordan J, Eberhardt M, Schleicher U, Rech J, Ramming A, Uebe S, Ekici A, Cañete JD, Chen X, Bäuerle T, Vera J, Bogdan C, Schett G, Bozec A. Transcription factor Fra-1 targets arginase-1 to enhance macrophage-mediated inflammation in arthritis. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:2669-2684. [PMID: 30990796 DOI: 10.1172/jci96832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The polarization of macrophages is regulated by transcription factors such as nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and activator protein 1 (AP-1). In this manuscript, we delineated the role of the transcription factor Fos-related antigen 1 (Fra-1) during macrophage activation and development of arthritis. Network level interaction analysis of microarray data derived from Fra-1- or Fra-2-deficient macrophages revealed a central role of Fra-1, but not of Fra-2 in orchestrating the expression of genes related to wound response, toll-like receptor activation and interleukin signaling. Chromatin-immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-sequencing and standard ChIP analyses of macrophages identified arginase 1 (Arg1) as a target of Fra-1. Luciferase reporter assays revealed that Fra-1 down-regulated Arg1 expression by direct binding to the promoter region. Using macrophage-specific Fra-1- or Fra-2- deficient mice, we observed an enhanced expression and activity of Arg1 and a reduction of arthritis in the absence of Fra-1, but not of Fra-2. This phenotype was reversed by treatment with the arginase inhibitor Nω-hydroxy-nor-L-arginine, while ʟ-arginine supplementation increased arginase activity and alleviated arthritis, supporting the notion that reduced arthritis in macrophage-specific Fra-1-deficient mice resulted from enhanced Arg1 expression and activity. Moreover, patients with active RA showed increased Fra-1 expression in the peripheral blood and elevated Fra-1 protein in synovial macrophages compared to RA patients in remission. In addition, the Fra-1/ARG1 ratio in synovial macrophages was related to RA disease activity. In conclusion, these data suggest that Fra-1 orchestrates the inflammatory state of macrophages by inhibition of Arg1 expression and thereby impedes the resolution of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shan Cao
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology
| | - Daniel Eriksson
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology
| | - Anne Schnelzer
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology
| | - Jutta Jordan
- Institute of Radiology, Preclinical Imaging Platform Erlangen (PIPE)
| | - Martin Eberhardt
- Laboratory of Systems Tumor Immunology, Department of Dermatology
| | - Ulrike Schleicher
- Mikrobiologisches Institut-Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, and
| | - Jürgen Rech
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology
| | - Andreas Ramming
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology
| | - Steffen Uebe
- Institute of Human Genetics, FAU and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Arif Ekici
- Institute of Human Genetics, FAU and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Juan D Cañete
- Departamento de Reumatología, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona e IDIBAPS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xiaoxiang Chen
- Department of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tobias Bäuerle
- Institute of Radiology, Preclinical Imaging Platform Erlangen (PIPE)
| | - Julio Vera
- Laboratory of Systems Tumor Immunology, Department of Dermatology
| | - Christian Bogdan
- Mikrobiologisches Institut-Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, and
| | - Georg Schett
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology
| | - Aline Bozec
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology
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43
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Felix KM, Teng F, Bates NA, Ma H, Jaimez IA, Sleiman KC, Tran NL, Wu HJJ. P2RX7 Deletion in T Cells Promotes Autoimmune Arthritis by Unleashing the Tfh Cell Response. Front Immunol 2019; 10:411. [PMID: 30949163 PMCID: PMC6436202 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease that affects ~1% of the world's population. B cells and autoantibodies play an important role in the pathogenesis of RA. The P2RX7 receptor is an ATP-gated cation channel and its activation results in the release of pro-inflammatory molecules. Thus, antagonists of P2RX7 have been considered to have potential as novel anti-inflammatory therapies. Although originally identified for its role in innate immunity, P2RX7 has recently been found to negatively control Peyer's patches (PP) T follicular helper cells (Tfh), which specialize in helping B cells, under homeostatic conditions. We have previously demonstrated that PP Tfh cells are required for the augmentation of autoimmune arthritis mediated by gut commensal segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB). Thus, we hypothesized that P2RX7 is required to control autoimmune disease by keeping the Tfh cell response in check. To test our hypothesis, we analyzed the impact of P2RX7 deficiency in vivo using both the original K/BxN autoimmune arthritis model and T cell transfers in the K/BxN system. We also examined the impact of P2RX7 ablation on autoimmune development in the presence of the gut microbiota SFB. Our data illustrate that contrary to exerting an anti-inflammatory effect, P2RX7 deficiency actually enhances autoimmune arthritis. Interestingly, SFB colonization can negate the difference in disease severity between WT and P2RX7-deficient mice. We further demonstrated that P2RX7 ablation in the absence of SFB caused reduced apoptotic Tfh cells and enhanced the Tfh response, leading to an increase in autoantibody production. It has been shown that activation of TIGIT, a well-known T cell exhaustion marker, up-regulates anti-apoptotic molecules and promotes T cell survival. We demonstrated that the reduced apoptotic phenotype of P2rx7−/− Tfh cells is associated with their increased expression of TIGIT. This suggested that while P2RX7 was regulating the Tfh population by promoting cell death, TIGIT may have been opposing P2RX7 by inhibiting cell death. Together, these results demonstrated that systemic administration of general P2RX7 antagonists may have detrimental effects in autoimmune therapies, especially in Tfh cell-dependent autoimmune diseases, and cell-specific targeting of P2RX7 should be considered in order to achieve efficacy for P2RX7-related therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krysta M Felix
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Fei Teng
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Nicholas A Bates
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Heqing Ma
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Ivan A Jaimez
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Kiah C Sleiman
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Nhan L Tran
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Hsin-Jung Joyce Wu
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States.,Arizona Arthritis Center, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
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44
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Zachs DP, Offutt SJ, Graham RS, Kim Y, Mueller J, Auger JL, Schuldt NJ, Kaiser CRW, Heiller AP, Dutta R, Guo H, Alford JK, Binstadt BA, Lim HH. Noninvasive ultrasound stimulation of the spleen to treat inflammatory arthritis. Nat Commun 2019; 10:951. [PMID: 30862842 PMCID: PMC6414603 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08721-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeted noninvasive control of the nervous system and end-organs may enable safer and more effective treatment of multiple diseases compared to invasive devices or systemic medications. One target is the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway that consists of the vagus nerve to spleen circuit, which has been stimulated with implantable devices to improve autoimmune conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis. Here we report that daily noninvasive ultrasound (US) stimulation targeting the spleen significantly reduces disease severity in a mouse model of inflammatory arthritis. Improvements are observed only with specific parameters, in which US can provide both protective and therapeutic effects. Single cell RNA sequencing of splenocytes and experiments in genetically-immunodeficient mice reveal the importance of both T and B cell populations in the anti-inflammatory pathway. These findings demonstrate the potential for US stimulation of the spleen to treat inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P Zachs
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, 55455, MN, USA.
| | - Sarah J Offutt
- Restorative Therapies Group, Medtronic plc, Minneapolis, 55432, MN, USA
| | - Rachel S Graham
- Center for Immunology and Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, 55455, MN, USA
| | - Yohan Kim
- Restorative Therapies Group, Medtronic plc, Minneapolis, 55432, MN, USA
| | - Jerel Mueller
- Restorative Therapies Group, Medtronic plc, Minneapolis, 55432, MN, USA
| | - Jennifer L Auger
- Center for Immunology and Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, 55455, MN, USA
| | - Nathaniel J Schuldt
- Center for Immunology and Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, 55455, MN, USA
| | - Claire R W Kaiser
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, 55455, MN, USA
| | - Abigail P Heiller
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, 55455, MN, USA
| | - Raini Dutta
- Center for Immunology and Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, 55455, MN, USA
| | - Hongsun Guo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, 55455, MN, USA
| | - Jamu K Alford
- Restorative Therapies Group, Medtronic plc, Minneapolis, 55432, MN, USA
| | - Bryce A Binstadt
- Center for Immunology and Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, 55455, MN, USA
| | - Hubert H Lim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, 55455, MN, USA.
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, 55455, MN, USA.
- Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, 55455, MN, USA.
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45
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Svensson MN, Doody KM, Schmiedel BJ, Bhattacharyya S, Panwar B, Wiede F, Yang S, Santelli E, Wu DJ, Sacchetti C, Gujar R, Seumois G, Kiosses WB, Aubry I, Kim G, Mydel P, Sakaguchi S, Kronenberg M, Tiganis T, Tremblay ML, Ay F, Vijayanand P, Bottini N. Reduced expression of phosphatase PTPN2 promotes pathogenic conversion of Tregs in autoimmunity. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:1193-1210. [PMID: 30620725 DOI: 10.1172/jci123267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic variants at the PTPN2 locus, which encodes the tyrosine phosphatase PTPN2, cause reduced gene expression and are linked to rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and other autoimmune diseases. PTPN2 inhibits signaling through the T cell and cytokine receptors, and loss of PTPN2 promotes T cell expansion and CD4- and CD8-driven autoimmunity. However, it remains unknown whether loss of PTPN2 in FoxP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) plays a role in autoimmunity. Here we aimed to model human autoimmune-predisposing PTPN2 variants, the presence of which results in a partial loss of PTPN2 expression, in mouse models of RA. We identified that reduced expression of Ptpn2 enhanced the severity of autoimmune arthritis in the T cell-dependent SKG mouse model and demonstrated that this phenotype was mediated through a Treg-intrinsic mechanism. Mechanistically, we found that through dephosphorylation of STAT3, PTPN2 inhibits IL-6-driven pathogenic loss of FoxP3 after Tregs have acquired RORγt expression, at a stage when chromatin accessibility for STAT3-targeted IL-17-associated transcription factors is maximized. We conclude that PTPN2 promotes FoxP3 stability in mouse RORγt+ Tregs and that loss of function of PTPN2 in Tregs contributes to the association between PTPN2 and autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattias Nd Svensson
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.,Division of Cellular Biology, and
| | | | - Benjamin J Schmiedel
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Sourya Bhattacharyya
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Bharat Panwar
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Florian Wiede
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shen Yang
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Eugenio Santelli
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Dennis J Wu
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.,Division of Cellular Biology, and
| | - Cristiano Sacchetti
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.,Division of Cellular Biology, and
| | - Ravindra Gujar
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Gregory Seumois
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - William B Kiosses
- Core Microscopy, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Isabelle Aubry
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gisen Kim
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Piotr Mydel
- Clinical Science, Broegelmann Research Laboratory, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Microbiology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Shimon Sakaguchi
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Japan.,Department of Experimental Pathology, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mitchell Kronenberg
- Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Tony Tiganis
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, and.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michel L Tremblay
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ferhat Ay
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Pandurangan Vijayanand
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Nunzio Bottini
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.,Division of Cellular Biology, and
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46
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Stoll ML, Pierce MK, Watkins JA, Zhang M, Weiss PF, Weiss JE, Elson CO, Cron RQ, Kumar R, Morrow CD, Schoeb TR. Akkermansia muciniphila is permissive to arthritis in the K/BxN mouse model of arthritis. Genes Immun 2019; 20:158-166. [PMID: 29599513 PMCID: PMC6153082 DOI: 10.1038/s41435-018-0024-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Studies have identified abnormalities in the microbiota of patients with arthritis. To evaluate the pathogenicity of human microbiota, we performed fecal microbial transplantation from children with spondyloarthritis and controls to germ-free KRN/B6xNOD mice. Ankle swelling was equivalent in those that received patient vs. control microbiota. Principal coordinates analysis revealed incomplete uptake of the human microbiota with over-representation of two genera (Bacteroides and Akkermansia) among the transplanted mice. The microbiota predicted the extent of ankle swelling (R2 = 0.185, p = 0.018). The abundances of Bacteroides (r = -0.510, p = 0.010) inversely and Akkermansia (r = 0.367, p = 0.078) directly correlated with ankle swelling. Addition of Akkermansia muciniphila to Altered Schaedler's Flora (ASF) resulted in small but statistically significant increased ankle swelling as compared to mice that received ASF alone (4.0 mm, 3.9-4.1 vs. 3.9 mm, IQR 3.6-4.0, p = 0.041), as did addition of A. muciniphila cultures to transplanted human microbiota as compared to mice that received transplanted human microbiota alone (4.5 mm, IQR 4.3-5.5 vs. 4.1 mm, IQR 3.9-4.3, p = 0.019). This study supports previous findings of an association between A. muciniphila and arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew L Stoll
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - M Kathy Pierce
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jordan A Watkins
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Mingce Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Pamela F Weiss
- Department of Rheumatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jennifer E Weiss
- Department of Pediatrics, Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack, NJ, USA
| | - Charles O Elson
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Randy Q Cron
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Ranjit Kumar
- Department of the Center For Clinical & Translational Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Casey D Morrow
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Trenton R Schoeb
- Genetics Research Division, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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47
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Schlenner S, Pasciuto E, Lagou V, Burton O, Prezzemolo T, Junius S, Roca CP, Seillet C, Louis C, Dooley J, Luong K, Van Nieuwenhove E, Wicks IP, Belz G, Humblet-Baron S, Wouters C, Liston A. NFIL3 mutations alter immune homeostasis and sensitise for arthritis pathology. Ann Rheum Dis 2018; 78:342-349. [PMID: 30552177 PMCID: PMC6390028 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2018-213764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Revised: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES NFIL3 is a key immunological transcription factor, with knockout mice studies identifying functional roles in multiple immune cell types. Despite the importance of NFIL3, little is known about its function in humans. METHODS Here, we characterised a kindred of two monozygotic twin girls with juvenile idiopathic arthritis at the genetic and immunological level, using whole exome sequencing, single cell sequencing and flow cytometry. Parallel studies were performed in a mouse model. RESULTS The patients inherited a novel p.M170I in NFIL3 from each of the parents. The mutant form of NFIL3 demonstrated reduced stability in vitro. The potential contribution of this mutation to arthritis susceptibility was demonstrated through a preclinical model, where Nfil3-deficient mice upregulated IL-1β production, with more severe arthritis symptoms on disease induction. Single cell sequencing of patient blood quantified the transcriptional dysfunctions present across the peripheral immune system, converging on IL-1β as a pivotal cytokine. CONCLUSIONS NFIL3 mutation can sensitise for arthritis development, in mice and humans, and rewires the innate immune system for IL-1β over-production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Schlenner
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KUL - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Emanuela Pasciuto
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KUL - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Vasiliki Lagou
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KUL - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Oliver Burton
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KUL - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Teresa Prezzemolo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KUL - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Steffie Junius
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KUL - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Carlos P Roca
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KUL - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Cyril Seillet
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Cynthia Louis
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - James Dooley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KUL - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kylie Luong
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Erika Van Nieuwenhove
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KUL - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ian P Wicks
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gabrielle Belz
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stéphanie Humblet-Baron
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KUL - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium .,VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Carine Wouters
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KUL - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium .,Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Adrian Liston
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KUL - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium .,VIB Center for Brain and Disease Research, Leuven, Belgium
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48
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Read MN, Alden K, Timmis J, Andrews PS. Strategies for calibrating models of biology. Brief Bioinform 2018; 21:24-35. [PMID: 30239570 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bby092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Computational and mathematical modelling has become a valuable tool for investigating biological systems. Modelling enables prediction of how biological components interact to deliver system-level properties and extrapolation of biological system performance to contexts and experimental conditions where this is unknown. A model's value hinges on knowing that it faithfully represents the biology under the contexts of use, or clearly ascertaining otherwise and thus motivating further model refinement. These qualities are evaluated through calibration, typically formulated as identifying model parameter values that align model and biological behaviours as measured through a metric applied to both. Calibration is critical to modelling but is often underappreciated. A failure to appropriately calibrate risks unrepresentative models that generate erroneous insights. Here, we review a suite of strategies to more rigorously challenge a model's representation of a biological system. All are motivated by features of biological systems, and illustrative examples are drawn from the modelling literature. We examine the calibration of a model against distributions of biological behaviours or outcomes, not only average values. We argue for calibration even where model parameter values are experimentally ascertained. We explore how single metrics can be non-distinguishing for complex systems, with multiple-component dynamic and interaction configurations giving rise to the same metric output. Under these conditions, calibration is insufficiently constraining and the model non-identifiable: multiple solutions to the calibration problem exist. We draw an analogy to curve fitting and argue that calibrating a biological model against a single experiment or context is akin to curve fitting against a single data point. Though useful for communicating model results, we explore how metrics that quantify heavily emergent properties may not be suitable for use in calibration. Lastly, we consider the role of sensitivity and uncertainty analysis in calibration and the interpretation of model results. Our goal in this manuscript is to encourage a deeper consideration of calibration, and how to increase its capacity to either deliver faithful models or demonstrate them otherwise.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Paul S Andrews
- SimOmics Ltd, Suite 10 IT Centre, Innovation Way, York, UK
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49
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Abboud G, Choi SC, Kanda N, Zeumer-Spataro L, Roopenian DC, Morel L. Inhibition of Glycolysis Reduces Disease Severity in an Autoimmune Model of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1973. [PMID: 30233578 PMCID: PMC6130222 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The K/BxN mouse is a spontaneous model of arthritis driven by T cell receptor transgenic CD4+ T cells from the KRN strain that are activated by glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI) peptides presented by the H-2g7 allele from the NOD strain. It is a model of autoimmune seropositive arthritis because the production of anti-GPI IgG is necessary and sufficient for joint pathology. The production of high levels of anti-GPI IgG requires on the expansion of CD4+ follicular helper T (Tfh) cells. The metabolic requirements of this expansion have never been characterized. Based on the therapeutic effects of the combination of metformin and 2-deoxyglucose (2DG) in lupus models that normalized the expansion of effector CD4+ T cells. We showed that the CD4+ T cells and to a lesser extent, the B cells from K/BxN mice are more metabolically active than the KRN controls. Accordingly, preventive inhibition of glycolysis with 2DG significantly reduced joint inflammation and the activation of both adaptive and innate immune cells, as well as the production of pathogenic autoantibodies. However, contrary to the lupus-prone mice, the addition of metformin had little beneficial effect, suggesting that glycolysis is the major driver of immune activation in this model. We propose that K/BxN mice are another model in which autoreactive Tfh cells are highly glycolytic and that their function can be limited by inhibiting glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georges Abboud
- Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Seung-Chul Choi
- Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Nathalie Kanda
- Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Leilani Zeumer-Spataro
- Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | | | - Laurence Morel
- Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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50
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Fischer A, Abdollahi‐Roodsaz S, Böhm C, Niederreiter B, Meyer B, Yau ACY, Lönnblom E, Joosten LAB, Koenders M, Lehmann CHK, Dudziak D, Krönke G, Holmdahl R, Steiner G. The involvement of Toll-like receptor 9 in the pathogenesis of erosive autoimmune arthritis. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:4399-4409. [PMID: 29992753 PMCID: PMC6111819 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Endogenous nucleic acids and their receptors may be involved in the initiation of systemic autoimmune diseases including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). As the role of the DNA sensing Toll-like receptor (TLR) 9 in RA is unclear, we aimed to investigate its involvement in the pathogenesis of autoimmune arthritis using three different experimental models of RA. The data obtained revealed involvement of TLR9 in the T cell-dependent phase of inflammatory arthritis. In rats with pristane-induced arthritis (PIA), TLR9 inhibition before disease onset reduced arthritis significantly and almost completely abolished bone erosion. Accordingly, serum levels of IL-6, α-1-acid-glycoprotein and rheumatoid factor were reduced. Moreover, in TLR9-/- mice, streptococcal cell wall (SCW)-induced arthritis was reduced in the T cell-dependent phase, whereas T cell-independent serum-transfer arthritis was not affected. Remarkably, while TLR7 expression did not change during in vitro osteoclastogenesis, TLR9 expression was higher in precursor cells than in mature osteoclasts and partial inhibition of osteoclastogenesis was achieved only by the TLR9 antagonist. These results demonstrate a pivotal role for TLR9 in the T cell-dependent phases of inflammatory arthritis and additionally suggest some role during osteoclastogenesis. Hence, endogenous DNA seems to be crucially involved in the pathophysiology of inflammatory autoimmune arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Fischer
- Division of RheumatologyInternal Medicine IIIMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Shahla Abdollahi‐Roodsaz
- Department of RheumatologyRadboud University Nijmegen Medical CentreNijmegenThe Netherlands
- Division of RheumatologyDepartment of MedicineNew York University School of MedicineNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Christina Böhm
- Division of RheumatologyInternal Medicine IIIMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Birgit Niederreiter
- Division of RheumatologyInternal Medicine IIIMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Brigitte Meyer
- Division of RheumatologyInternal Medicine IIIMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Anthony C. Y. Yau
- Medical Inflammation ResearchDepartment of Medical Biochemistry and BiophysicsKarolinska InstituteStockholmSweden
| | - Erik Lönnblom
- Medical Inflammation ResearchDepartment of Medical Biochemistry and BiophysicsKarolinska InstituteStockholmSweden
| | - Leo A. B. Joosten
- Department of RheumatologyRadboud University Nijmegen Medical CentreNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Marije Koenders
- Department of RheumatologyRadboud University Nijmegen Medical CentreNijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Christian H. K. Lehmann
- Department of DermatologyUniversity Hospital ErlangenFriedrich‐Alexander University of Erlangen‐NürnbergErlangenGermany
| | - Diana Dudziak
- Department of DermatologyUniversity Hospital ErlangenFriedrich‐Alexander University of Erlangen‐NürnbergErlangenGermany
| | - Gerhard Krönke
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 ‐ Rheumatology and ImmunologyFriedrich‐Alexander‐University Erlangen‐Nürnberg (FAU)ErlangenGermany
| | - Rikard Holmdahl
- Medical Inflammation ResearchDepartment of Medical Biochemistry and BiophysicsKarolinska InstituteStockholmSweden
| | - Günter Steiner
- Division of RheumatologyInternal Medicine IIIMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster for Arthritis and RehabilitationViennaAustria
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