1
|
Hwang MS, Miller MS, Thirawatananond P, Douglass J, Wright KM, Hsiue EHC, Mog BJ, Aytenfisu TY, Murphy MB, Aitana Azurmendi P, Skora AD, Pearlman AH, Paul S, DiNapoli SR, Konig MF, Bettegowda C, Pardoll DM, Papadopoulos N, Kinzler KW, Vogelstein B, Zhou S, Gabelli SB. Structural engineering of chimeric antigen receptors targeting HLA-restricted neoantigens. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5271. [PMID: 34489470 PMCID: PMC8421441 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25605-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells have emerged as a promising class of therapeutic agents, generating remarkable responses in the clinic for a subset of human cancers. One major challenge precluding the wider implementation of CAR therapy is the paucity of tumor-specific antigens. Here, we describe the development of a CAR targeting the tumor-specific isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2) with R140Q mutation presented on the cell surface in complex with a common human leukocyte antigen allele, HLA-B*07:02. Engineering of the hinge domain of the CAR, as well as crystal structure-guided optimization of the IDH2R140Q-HLA-B*07:02-targeting moiety, enhances the sensitivity and specificity of CARs to enable targeting of this HLA-restricted neoantigen. This approach thus holds promise for the development and optimization of immunotherapies specific to other cancer driver mutations that are difficult to target by conventional means. Chimeric antigen receptor T cells in the clinic currently target cell-type-specific extracellular antigens on malignant cells. Here, authors engineer tumor-specific chimeric antigen receptor T cells that target human leukocyte antigen-presented neoantigens derived from mutant intracellular proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Hwang
- Ludwig Center, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA.,Lustgarten Laboratory for Pancreatic Cancer Research, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michelle S Miller
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA.,Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Puchong Thirawatananond
- Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jacqueline Douglass
- Ludwig Center, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA.,Lustgarten Laboratory for Pancreatic Cancer Research, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Katharine M Wright
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA.,Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Emily Han-Chung Hsiue
- Ludwig Center, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA.,Lustgarten Laboratory for Pancreatic Cancer Research, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Brian J Mog
- Ludwig Center, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA.,Lustgarten Laboratory for Pancreatic Cancer Research, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tihitina Y Aytenfisu
- Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - P Aitana Azurmendi
- Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andrew D Skora
- Ludwig Center, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA.,Lilly Biotechnology Center, Eli Lilly and Co, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Alexander H Pearlman
- Ludwig Center, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA.,Lustgarten Laboratory for Pancreatic Cancer Research, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Suman Paul
- Ludwig Center, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA.,Lustgarten Laboratory for Pancreatic Cancer Research, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sarah R DiNapoli
- Ludwig Center, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA.,Lustgarten Laboratory for Pancreatic Cancer Research, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Maximilian F Konig
- Ludwig Center, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA.,Lustgarten Laboratory for Pancreatic Cancer Research, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Chetan Bettegowda
- Ludwig Center, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Lustgarten Laboratory for Pancreatic Cancer Research, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Drew M Pardoll
- Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nickolas Papadopoulos
- Ludwig Center, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Lustgarten Laboratory for Pancreatic Cancer Research, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kenneth W Kinzler
- Ludwig Center, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Lustgarten Laboratory for Pancreatic Cancer Research, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Bert Vogelstein
- Ludwig Center, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA. .,Lustgarten Laboratory for Pancreatic Cancer Research, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Sol Goldman Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Shibin Zhou
- Ludwig Center, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Lustgarten Laboratory for Pancreatic Cancer Research, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Bloomberg~Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Sandra B Gabelli
- Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lanz AL, Masi G, Porciello N, Cohnen A, Cipria D, Prakaash D, Bálint Š, Raggiaschi R, Galgano D, Cole DK, Lepore M, Dushek O, Dustin ML, Sansom MSP, Kalli AC, Acuto O. Allosteric activation of T cell antigen receptor signaling by quaternary structure relaxation. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109375. [PMID: 34260912 PMCID: PMC8293630 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of T cell antigen receptor (TCR-CD3) signaling remains elusive. Here, we identify mutations in the transmembrane region of TCRβ or CD3ζ that augment peptide T cell antigen receptor (pMHC)-induced signaling not explicable by enhanced ligand binding, lateral diffusion, clustering, or co-receptor function. Using a biochemical assay and molecular dynamics simulation, we demonstrate that the gain-of-function mutations loosen the interaction between TCRαβ and CD3ζ. Similar to the activating mutations, pMHC binding reduces TCRαβ cohesion with CD3ζ. This event occurs prior to CD3ζ phosphorylation and at 0°C. Moreover, we demonstrate that soluble monovalent pMHC alone induces signaling and reduces TCRαβ cohesion with CD3ζ in membrane-bound or solubilised TCR-CD3. Our data provide compelling evidence that pMHC binding suffices to activate allosteric changes propagating from TCRαβ to the CD3 subunits, reconfiguring interchain transmembrane region interactions. These dynamic modifications could change the arrangement of TCR-CD3 boundary lipids to license CD3ζ phosphorylation and initiate signal propagation. Mutations in TCRβ and CD3ζ TMRs that reduce their interaction augment signaling pMHC and anti-CD3 binding to TCR-CD3 induce similar quaternary structure relaxation Soluble monovalent pMHC alone signals and reduces TCRαβ cohesion with CD3ζ Allosteric changes in TCR-CD3 dynamics instigate T cell activation
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Lisa Lanz
- T-cell signalling laboratory, Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Giulia Masi
- T-cell signalling laboratory, Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Nicla Porciello
- T-cell signalling laboratory, Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - André Cohnen
- T-cell signalling laboratory, Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Deborah Cipria
- T-cell signalling laboratory, Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Dheeraj Prakaash
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Štefan Bálint
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Roberto Raggiaschi
- T-cell signalling laboratory, Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Donatella Galgano
- T-cell signalling laboratory, Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - David K Cole
- Division Infection & Immunity, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK; Immunocore Ltd., Abingdon OX14 4RY, UK
| | | | - Omer Dushek
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Michael L Dustin
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Mark S P Sansom
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK.
| | - Antreas C Kalli
- Leeds Institute of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK; Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK.
| | - Oreste Acuto
- T-cell signalling laboratory, Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chiou SH, Tseng D, Reuben A, Mallajosyula V, Molina IS, Conley S, Wilhelmy J, McSween AM, Yang X, Nishimiya D, Sinha R, Nabet BY, Wang C, Shrager JB, Berry MF, Backhus L, Lui NS, Wakelee HA, Neal JW, Padda SK, Berry GJ, Delaidelli A, Sorensen PH, Sotillo E, Tran P, Benson JA, Richards R, Labanieh L, Klysz DD, Louis DM, Feldman SA, Diehn M, Weissman IL, Zhang J, Wistuba II, Futreal PA, Heymach JV, Garcia KC, Mackall CL, Davis MM. Global analysis of shared T cell specificities in human non-small cell lung cancer enables HLA inference and antigen discovery. Immunity 2021; 54:586-602.e8. [PMID: 33691136 PMCID: PMC7960510 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
To identify disease-relevant T cell receptors (TCRs) with shared antigen specificity, we analyzed 778,938 TCRβ chain sequences from 178 non-small cell lung cancer patients using the GLIPH2 (grouping of lymphocyte interactions with paratope hotspots 2) algorithm. We identified over 66,000 shared specificity groups, of which 435 were clonally expanded and enriched in tumors compared to adjacent lung. The antigenic epitopes of one such tumor-enriched specificity group were identified using a yeast peptide-HLA A∗02:01 display library. These included a peptide from the epithelial protein TMEM161A, which is overexpressed in tumors and cross-reactive epitopes from Epstein-Barr virus and E. coli. Our findings suggest that this cross-reactivity may underlie the presence of virus-specific T cells in tumor infiltrates and that pathogen cross-reactivity may be a feature of multiple cancers. The approach and analytical pipelines generated in this work, as well as the specificity groups defined here, present a resource for understanding the T cell response in cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Heng Chiou
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Diane Tseng
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Alexandre Reuben
- Department of Thoracic Head and Neck Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Vamsee Mallajosyula
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Irene S Molina
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Stephanie Conley
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Julie Wilhelmy
- Stanford Genome Technology Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Alana M McSween
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Xinbo Yang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology and Structural Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Daisuke Nishimiya
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology and Structural Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Rahul Sinha
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Barzin Y Nabet
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Chunlin Wang
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Joseph B Shrager
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery - Thoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Mark F Berry
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery - Thoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Leah Backhus
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery - Thoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Natalie S Lui
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery - Thoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Heather A Wakelee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Joel W Neal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sukhmani K Padda
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Gerald J Berry
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Alberto Delaidelli
- Department of Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Poul H Sorensen
- Department of Molecular Oncology, British Columbia Cancer Research Centre, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada
| | - Elena Sotillo
- Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Patrick Tran
- Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jalen A Benson
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery - Thoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Rebecca Richards
- Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Louai Labanieh
- Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Dorota D Klysz
- Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - David M Louis
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Steven A Feldman
- Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Maximilian Diehn
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Irving L Weissman
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Head and Neck Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Genomic Medicine, Division of Cancer Medicine, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ignacio I Wistuba
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - P Andrew Futreal
- Department of Genomic Medicine, Division of Cancer Medicine, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - John V Heymach
- Department of Thoracic Head and Neck Medical Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - K Christopher Garcia
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology and Structural Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Crystal L Mackall
- Center for Cancer Cell Therapy, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Mark M Davis
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Marchini T, Hansen S, Wolf D. ApoB-Specific CD4 + T Cells in Mouse and Human Atherosclerosis. Cells 2021; 10:446. [PMID: 33669769 PMCID: PMC7922692 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory condition of the arterial wall that leads to the formation of vessel-occluding plaques within the subintimal space of middle-sized and larger arteries. While traditionally understood as a myeloid-driven lipid-storage disease, growing evidence suggests that the accumulation of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) ignites an autoimmune response with CD4+ T-helper (TH) cells that recognize self-peptides from Apolipoprotein B (ApoB), the core protein of LDL-C. These autoreactive CD4+ T cells home to the atherosclerotic plaque, clonally expand, instruct other cells in the plaque, and induce clinical plaque instability. Recent developments in detecting antigen-specific cells at the single cell level have demonstrated that ApoB-reactive CD4+ T cells exist in humans and mice. Their phenotypes and functions deviate from classical immunological concepts of distinct and terminally differentiated TH immunity. Instead, ApoB-specific CD4+ T cells have a highly plastic phenotype, can acquire several, partially opposing and mixed transcriptional programs simultaneously, and transit from one TH subset into another over time. In this review, we highlight adaptive immune mechanisms in atherosclerosis with a focus on CD4+ T cells, introduce novel technologies to detect ApoB-specific CD4+ T cells at the single cell level, and discuss the potential impact of ApoB-driven autoimmunity in atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Timoteo Marchini
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg, Hugstetterstraße 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (T.M.); (S.H.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Breisacherstraße 153, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
- Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Instituto de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular (IBIMOL), Junín 954, C1113 AAD Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sophie Hansen
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg, Hugstetterstraße 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (T.M.); (S.H.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Breisacherstraße 153, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dennis Wolf
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University Heart Center Freiburg, Hugstetterstraße 55, 79106 Freiburg, Germany; (T.M.); (S.H.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Breisacherstraße 153, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lehmann AA, Zhang T, Reche PA, Lehmann PV. Discordance Between the Predicted Versus the Actually Recognized CD8+ T Cell Epitopes of HCMV pp65 Antigen and Aleatory Epitope Dominance. Front Immunol 2021; 11:618428. [PMID: 33633736 PMCID: PMC7900545 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.618428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CD8+ T cell immune monitoring aims at measuring the size and functions of antigen-specific CD8+ T cell populations, thereby providing insights into cell-mediated immunity operational in a test subject. The selection of peptides for ex vivo CD8+ T cell detection is critical because within a complex antigen exists a multitude of potential epitopes that can be presented by HLA class I molecules. Further complicating this task, there is HLA class I polygenism and polymorphism which predisposes CD8+ T cell responses towards individualized epitope recognition profiles. In this study, we compare the actual CD8+ T cell recognition of a well-characterized model antigen, human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) pp65 protein, with its anticipated epitope coverage. Due to the abundance of experimentally defined HLA-A*02:01-restricted pp65 epitopes, and because in silico epitope predictions are most advanced for HLA-A*02:01, we elected to focus on subjects expressing this allele. In each test subject, every possible CD8+ T cell epitope was systematically covered testing 553 individual peptides that walk the sequence of pp65 in steps of single amino acids. Highly individualized CD8+ T cell response profiles with aleatory epitope recognition patterns were observed. No correlation was found between epitopes' ranking on the prediction scale and their actual immune dominance. Collectively, these data suggest that accurate CD8+ T cell immune monitoring may necessitate reliance on agnostic mega peptide pools, or brute force mapping, rather than electing individual peptides as representative epitopes for tetramer and other multimer labeling of surface antigen receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander A. Lehmann
- Research and Development, Cellular Technology Ltd., Shaker Heights, OH, United States
| | - Ting Zhang
- Research and Development, Cellular Technology Ltd., Shaker Heights, OH, United States
| | - Pedro A. Reche
- Laboratorio de Inmunomedicina & Inmunoinformatica, Departamento de Immunologia & O2, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paul V. Lehmann
- Research and Development, Cellular Technology Ltd., Shaker Heights, OH, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sidney J, Peters B, Sette A. Epitope prediction and identification- adaptive T cell responses in humans. Semin Immunol 2020; 50:101418. [PMID: 33131981 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2020.101418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Epitopes, in the context of T cell recognition, are short peptides typically derived by antigen processing, and presented on the cell surface bound to MHC molecules (HLA molecules in humans) for TCR scrutiny. The identification of epitopes is a context-dependent process, with consideration given to, for example, the source pathogen and protein, the host organism, and state of the immune reaction (e.g., following natural infection, vaccination, etc.). In the following review, we consider the various approaches used to define T cell epitopes, including both bioinformatic and experimental approaches, and discuss the concepts of immunodominance and immunoprevalence. We also discuss HLA polymorphism and epitope restriction, and the resulting impact on the identification of, and potential population coverage afforded by, epitopes or epitope-based vaccines. Finally, some examples of the practical application of T cell epitope identification are provided, showing how epitopes have been valuable for deriving novel immunological insights in the context of the immune response to various pathogens and allergens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John Sidney
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Bjoern Peters
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bewarder M, Held G, Thurner L, Stilgenbauer S, Smola S, Preuss KD, Carbon G, Bette B, Christofyllakis K, Bittenbring JT, Felbel A, Hasse A, Murawski N, Kaddu-Mulindwa D, Neumann F. Characterization of an HLA-restricted and human cytomegalovirus-specific antibody repertoire with therapeutic potential. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2020; 69:1535-1548. [PMID: 32300857 PMCID: PMC7347513 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-020-02564-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
With an infection rate of 60-90%, the human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is very common among adults but normally causes no symptoms. When T cell-mediated immunity is compromised, HCMV reactivation can lead to increased morbidity and mortality. HCMV antigens are processed and presented as peptides on the cell surface via HLA I complexes to the T cell receptor (TCR) of T cells. The generation of antibodies against HCMV peptides presented on HLA complexes (TCR-like antibodies) has been described, but is without therapeutic applications to date due to the polygenic and polymorphic nature of HLA genes. We set out to obtain antibodies specific for HLA/HCMV-peptides, covering the majority of HLA alleles present in European populations. Using phage display technology, we selected 10 Fabs, able to bind to HCMV-peptides presented in the 6 different HLA class I alleles A*0101, A*0201, A*2402, B*0702, B*0801 and B*3501. We demonstrate specific binding of all selected Fabs to HLA-typed lymphoblastoid cell lines (EBV-transformed B cells) and lymphocytes loaded with HCMV-peptides. After infection with HCMV, 4/10 tetramerized Fabs restricted to the alleles HLA-A*0101, HLA-A*0201 and HLA-B*0702 showed binding to infected primary fibroblasts. When linked to the pseudomonas exotoxin A, these Fab antibodies induce highly specific cytotoxicity in HLA matched cell lines loaded with HCMV peptides. TCR-like antibody repertoires therefore represent a promising new treatment modality for viral infections and may also have applications in the treatment of cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Bewarder
- Internal Medicine I, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421, Homburg, Germany.
- José Carreras Center, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany.
| | - Gerhard Held
- Internal Medicine I, Westpfalz-Klinikum Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Lorenz Thurner
- Internal Medicine I, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421, Homburg, Germany
- José Carreras Center, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - Stephan Stilgenbauer
- Internal Medicine I, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421, Homburg, Germany
- José Carreras Center, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - Sigrun Smola
- Institute of Virology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | | | - Gabi Carbon
- José Carreras Center, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - Birgit Bette
- José Carreras Center, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Arne Felbel
- Internal Medicine I, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Hasse
- Internal Medicine I, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | - Niels Murawski
- Internal Medicine I, Saarland University Medical Center, 66421, Homburg, Germany
| | | | - Frank Neumann
- José Carreras Center, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Miller MS, Douglass J, Hwang MS, Skora AD, Murphy M, Papadopoulos N, Kinzler KW, Vogelstein B, Zhou S, Gabelli SB. An engineered antibody fragment targeting mutant β-catenin via major histocompatibility complex I neoantigen presentation. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:19322-19334. [PMID: 31690625 PMCID: PMC6916501 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.010251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in CTNNB1, the gene encoding β-catenin, are common in colon and liver cancers, the most frequent mutation affecting Ser-45 in β-catenin. Peptides derived from WT β-catenin have previously been shown to be presented on the cell surface as part of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I, suggesting an opportunity for targeting this common driver gene mutation with antibody-based therapies. Here, crystal structures of both the WT and S45F mutant peptide bound to HLA-A*03:01 at 2.20 and 2.45 Å resolutions, respectively, confirmed the accessibility of the phenylalanine residue for antibody recognition. Phage display was then used to identify single-chain variable fragment clones that selectively bind the S45F mutant peptide presented in HLA-A*03:01 and have minimal WT or other off-target binding. Following the initial characterization of five clones, we selected a single clone, E10, for further investigation. We developed a computational model of the binding of E10 to the mutant peptide-bound HLA-A3, incorporating data from affinity maturation as initial validation. In the future, our model may be used to design clones with maintained specificity and higher affinity. Such derivatives could be adapted into either cell-based (CAR-T) or protein-based (bispecific T-cell engagers) therapies to target cancer cells harboring the S45F mutation in CTNNB1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle S Miller
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287
| | - Jacqueline Douglass
- Ludwig Center, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287
| | - Michael S Hwang
- Ludwig Center, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287
| | - Andrew D Skora
- Ludwig Center, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287
| | - Michael Murphy
- GE Healthcare Life Sciences, Marlborough, Massachusetts 01752
| | - Nickolas Papadopoulos
- Ludwig Center, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287
| | - Kenneth W Kinzler
- Ludwig Center, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287
| | - Bert Vogelstein
- Ludwig Center, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287
| | - Shibin Zhou
- Ludwig Center, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287
| | - Sandra B Gabelli
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287 .,Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287.,Department of Biophysics and Biophysical Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Simultaneous Analysis of HCV-Specific CD4 + and CD8 + T Cells by Multicolor Flow Cytometry. Methods Mol Biol 2019. [PMID: 30593639 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8976-8_25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
CD4 T cell responses are key to effective control of HCV infection. However, their precise mechanisms of action and the molecular programs leading to effective T help versus CD4 T cell failure remain elusive. Direct visualization of HCV-specific CD4 T cells using HLA class II tetramers holds the promise to better define the function and phenotype of these cells and to isolate them for further molecular analysis. Here we describe how to utilize peptide-MHC (pMHC) class II tetramers in multicolor flow cytometry to define the expression of molecules on the surface and within HCV-specific CD4 T cells, how to analyze HCV-specific CD4 and CD8 T cells in the same tube, and how to sort live HCV-specific CD4 T cells as single cells or T cell populations for further analysis by RNAseq or other methods.
Collapse
|
10
|
Simoni Y, Fehlings M, Newell EW. Multiplex MHC Class I Tetramer Combined with Intranuclear Staining by Mass Cytometry. Methods Mol Biol 2019; 1989:147-158. [PMID: 31077105 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9454-0_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Antigen-specific CD8+ T cells play a crucial role in the host protective immune response against viruses, tumors, and other diseases. Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I tetramers allow for a direct detection of such antigen-specific CD8+ T cells. Using mass cytometry together with multiplex MHC class I tetramer staining, we are able to screen more than 1000 different antigen candidates simultaneously across tissues in health and disease, while retaining the possibility to deliver an in-depth characterization of antigen-specific CD8+ T cells and associated phenotypes. Here we describe the method for a MHC class I tetramer multiplexing approach together with intracellular antibody staining for a parallel phenotypic cell characterization using mass cytometry in human specimens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Simoni
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Singapore, Singapore. .,Fred Hutch Cancer Research Center, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | | | - Evan W Newell
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Singapore, Singapore. .,Fred Hutch Cancer Research Center, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Seattle, WA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ahmed M, Lopez-Albaitero A, Pankov D, Santich BH, Liu H, Yan S, Xiang J, Wang P, Hasan AN, Selvakumar A, O'Reilly RJ, Liu C, Cheung NKV. TCR-mimic bispecific antibodies targeting LMP2A show potent activity against EBV malignancies. JCI Insight 2018; 3:97805. [PMID: 29467338 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.97805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
EBV infection is associated with a number of malignancies of clinical unmet need, including Hodgkin lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, gastric cancer, and posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD), all of which express the EBV protein latent membrane protein 2A (LMP2A), an antigen that is difficult to target by conventional antibody approaches. To overcome this, we utilized phage display technology and a structure-guided selection strategy to generate human T cell receptor-like (TCR-like) monoclonal antibodies with exquisite specificity for the LMP2A-derived nonamer peptide, C426LGGLLTMV434 (CLG), as presented on HLA-A*02:01. Our lead construct, clone 38, closely mimics the native binding mode of a TCR, recognizing residues at position P3-P8 of the CLG peptide. To enhance antitumor potency, we constructed dimeric T cell engaging bispecific antibodies (DiBsAb) of clone 38 and an affinity-matured version clone 38-2. Both DiBsAb showed potent antitumor properties in vitro and in immunodeficient mice implanted with EBV transformed B lymphoblastoid cell lines and human T cell effectors. Clone 38 DiBsAb showed a stronger safety profile compared with its affinity-matured variant, with no activity against EBV- tumor cell lines and a panel of normal tissues, and was less cross-reactive against HLA-A*02:01 cells pulsed with a panel of CLG-like peptides predicted from a proteomic analysis. Clone 38 was also shown to recognize the CLG peptide on other HLA-A*02 suballeles, including HLA-A*02:02, HLA-A*02:04, and HLA-A*02:06, allowing for its potential use in additional populations. Clone 38 DiBsAb is a lead candidate to treat EBV malignancies with one of the strongest safety profiles documented for TCR-like mAbs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahiuddin Ahmed
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Andres Lopez-Albaitero
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Dmitry Pankov
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Brian H Santich
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Hong Liu
- Eureka Therapeutics, Emeryville, California, USA
| | - Su Yan
- Eureka Therapeutics, Emeryville, California, USA
| | - Jingyi Xiang
- Eureka Therapeutics, Emeryville, California, USA
| | - Pei Wang
- Eureka Therapeutics, Emeryville, California, USA
| | - Aisha N Hasan
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Annamalai Selvakumar
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Richard J O'Reilly
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Cheng Liu
- Eureka Therapeutics, Emeryville, California, USA
| | - Nai-Kong V Cheung
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Li K, Vorkas CK, Chaudhry A, Bell DL, Willis RA, Rudensky A, Altman JD, Glickman MS, Aubé J. Synthesis, stabilization, and characterization of the MR1 ligand precursor 5-amino-6-D-ribitylaminouracil (5-A-RU). PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191837. [PMID: 29401462 PMCID: PMC5798775 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are an abundant class of innate T cells restricted by the MHC I-related molecule MR1. MAIT cells can recognize bacterially-derived metabolic intermediates from the riboflavin pathway presented by MR1 and are postulated to play a role in innate antibacterial immunity through production of cytokines and direct bacterial killing. MR1 tetramers, typically stabilized by the adduct of 5-amino-6-D-ribitylaminouracil (5-A-RU) and methylglyoxal (MeG), are important tools for the study of MAIT cells. A long-standing problem with 5-A-RU is that it is unstable upon storage. Herein we report an efficient synthetic approach to the HCl salt of this ligand, which has improved stability during storage. We also show that synthetic 5-A-RU•HCl produced by this method may be used in protocols for the stimulation of human MAIT cells and production of both human and mouse MR1 tetramers for MAIT cell identification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelin Li
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Charles K. Vorkas
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Ashutosh Chaudhry
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Donielle L. Bell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Richard A. Willis
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Alexander Rudensky
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - John D. Altman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Michael S. Glickman
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
- Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, New York, United States of America
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey Aubé
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Alanio C, Barreira da Silva R, Michonneau D, Bousso P, Ingersoll MA, Albert ML. CXCR3/CXCL10 Axis Shapes Tissue Distribution of Memory Phenotype CD8 + T Cells in Nonimmunized Mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 200:139-146. [PMID: 29187588 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The preimmune repertoire consists of mature T lymphocytes that have not yet been stimulated in the periphery. Memory phenotype (MP) cells have been reported as part of the preimmune repertoire (i.e., T cells bearing memory markers despite lack of engagement with cognate Ag); however, little is known about their trafficking and function. In this study, we hypothesized that MP cells, naive to TCR stimulation, constitute a transient population that traffics to tissues during development. Using mutant and transgenic animals with a monospecific TCR, we discovered increased numbers of MP CD8+ T cells circulating in nonimmunized Cxcr3-/- and Cxcl10-/- mice compared with wild-type animals. Phenotypic differences included decreased numbers of preimmune MP Ag-specific T cells in the skin and thymus and a distinct pattern of activation upon TCR engagement. Our results show for the first time, to our knowledge, an important role for CXCR3 and CXCL10 in the tissue distribution of preimmune MP cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Alanio
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Immunology, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France.,Inserm U1223, 75015 Paris, France.,Center for Translational Research, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
| | | | - David Michonneau
- Inserm U1223, 75015 Paris, France.,Laboratory of Dynamics of Immune Responses, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Philippe Bousso
- Inserm U1223, 75015 Paris, France.,Laboratory of Dynamics of Immune Responses, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Molly A Ingersoll
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Immunology, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France.,Inserm U1223, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Matthew L Albert
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Immunology, Institut Pasteur, 75015 Paris, France; .,Inserm U1223, 75015 Paris, France.,Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080; and
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Leitman EM, Palmer CD, Buus S, Chen F, Riddell L, Sims S, Klenerman P, Sáez-Cirión A, Walker BD, Hess PR, Altfeld M, Matthews PC, Goulder PJR. Saporin-conjugated tetramers identify efficacious anti-HIV CD8+ T-cell specificities. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184496. [PMID: 29020090 PMCID: PMC5636067 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Antigen-specific T-cells are highly variable, spanning potent antiviral efficacy and damaging auto-reactivity. In virus infections, identifying the most efficacious responses is critical to vaccine design. However, current methods depend on indirect measures or on ex vivo expanded CTL clones. We here describe a novel application of cytotoxic saporin-conjugated tetramers to kill antigen-specific T-cells without significant off-target effects. The relative efficacy of distinct antiviral CD8+ T-cell specificity can be directly assessed via antigen-specific CD8+ T-cell depletion. The utility of these reagents is demonstrated here in identifying the CD8+ T-cell specificity most effective in preventing HIV progression in HIV-infected HLA-B*27-positive immune controllers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ellen M. Leitman
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Christine D. Palmer
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Søren Buus
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Fabian Chen
- Department of Sexual Health, Royal Berkshire Hospital, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Lynn Riddell
- Integrated Sexual Health Services, Northamptonshire Healthcare NHS Trust, Northampton, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart Sims
- Institute of Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Paul Klenerman
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Asier Sáez-Cirión
- Institut Pasteur, Unité HIV, Inflammation et Persistance, Paris, France
| | - Bruce D. Walker
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- HIV Pathogenesis Programme, The Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Paul R. Hess
- Immunology Program, Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Marcus Altfeld
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Virus Immunology Unit, Heinrich-Pette-Institut, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Philippa C. Matthews
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Philip J. R. Goulder
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- HIV Pathogenesis Programme, The Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Rühl G, Niedl AG, Patronov A, Siewert K, Pinkert S, Kalemanov M, Friese MA, Attfield KE, Antes I, Hohlfeld R, Dornmair K. Multiple sclerosis: Molecular mimicry of an antimyelin HLA class I restricted T-cell receptor. NEUROLOGY-NEUROIMMUNOLOGY & NEUROINFLAMMATION 2016; 3:e241. [PMID: 27231714 PMCID: PMC4871805 DOI: 10.1212/nxi.0000000000000241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify target antigens presented by human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A*02:01 to the myelin-reactive human T-cell receptor (TCR) 2D1, which was originally isolated from a CD8+ T-cell clone recognizing proteolipid protein (PLP) in the context of HLA-A*03:01, we employed a new antigen search technology. METHODS We used our recently developed antigen search technology that employs plasmid-encoded combinatorial peptide libraries and a highly sensitive single cell detection system to identify endogenous candidate peptides of mice and human origin. We validated candidate antigens by independent T-cell assays using synthetic peptides and refolded HLA:peptide complexes. A molecular model of HLA-A*02:01:peptide complexes was obtained by molecular dynamics simulations. RESULTS We identified one peptide from glycerolphosphatidylcholine phosphodiesterase 1, which is identical in mice and humans and originates from a protein that is expressed in many cell types. When bound to HLA-A*02:01, this peptide cross-stimulates the PLP-reactive HLA-A3-restricted TCR 2D1. Investigation of molecular details revealed that the peptide length plays a crucial role in its capacity to bind HLA-A*02:01 and to activate TCR 2D1. Molecular modeling illustrated the 3D structures of activating HLA:peptide complexes. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that our antigen search technology allows us to identify new candidate antigens of a presumably pathogenic, autoreactive, human CD8+ T-cell-derived TCR. They further illustrate how this TCR, which recognizes a myelin peptide bound to HLA-A*03:01, may cross-react with an unrelated peptide presented by the protective HLA class I allele HLA-A*02:01.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geraldine Rühl
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (G.R., A.G.N., K.S., R.H., K.D.) and Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.H., K.D.), Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Munich; Department of Life Sciences (A.P., M.K., I.A.), Technical University Munich, Freising; Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry (S.P.), Martinsried; Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis (M.A.F.), University Medical Centre, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; MRC Human Immunology Unit (K.E.A.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Weatherall, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, UK; and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM) (I.A.), Germany
| | - Anna G Niedl
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (G.R., A.G.N., K.S., R.H., K.D.) and Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.H., K.D.), Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Munich; Department of Life Sciences (A.P., M.K., I.A.), Technical University Munich, Freising; Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry (S.P.), Martinsried; Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis (M.A.F.), University Medical Centre, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; MRC Human Immunology Unit (K.E.A.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Weatherall, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, UK; and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM) (I.A.), Germany
| | - Atanas Patronov
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (G.R., A.G.N., K.S., R.H., K.D.) and Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.H., K.D.), Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Munich; Department of Life Sciences (A.P., M.K., I.A.), Technical University Munich, Freising; Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry (S.P.), Martinsried; Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis (M.A.F.), University Medical Centre, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; MRC Human Immunology Unit (K.E.A.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Weatherall, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, UK; and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM) (I.A.), Germany
| | - Katherina Siewert
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (G.R., A.G.N., K.S., R.H., K.D.) and Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.H., K.D.), Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Munich; Department of Life Sciences (A.P., M.K., I.A.), Technical University Munich, Freising; Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry (S.P.), Martinsried; Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis (M.A.F.), University Medical Centre, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; MRC Human Immunology Unit (K.E.A.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Weatherall, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, UK; and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM) (I.A.), Germany
| | - Stefan Pinkert
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (G.R., A.G.N., K.S., R.H., K.D.) and Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.H., K.D.), Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Munich; Department of Life Sciences (A.P., M.K., I.A.), Technical University Munich, Freising; Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry (S.P.), Martinsried; Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis (M.A.F.), University Medical Centre, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; MRC Human Immunology Unit (K.E.A.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Weatherall, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, UK; and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM) (I.A.), Germany
| | - Maria Kalemanov
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (G.R., A.G.N., K.S., R.H., K.D.) and Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.H., K.D.), Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Munich; Department of Life Sciences (A.P., M.K., I.A.), Technical University Munich, Freising; Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry (S.P.), Martinsried; Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis (M.A.F.), University Medical Centre, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; MRC Human Immunology Unit (K.E.A.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Weatherall, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, UK; and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM) (I.A.), Germany
| | - Manuel A Friese
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (G.R., A.G.N., K.S., R.H., K.D.) and Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.H., K.D.), Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Munich; Department of Life Sciences (A.P., M.K., I.A.), Technical University Munich, Freising; Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry (S.P.), Martinsried; Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis (M.A.F.), University Medical Centre, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; MRC Human Immunology Unit (K.E.A.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Weatherall, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, UK; and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM) (I.A.), Germany
| | - Kathrine E Attfield
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (G.R., A.G.N., K.S., R.H., K.D.) and Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.H., K.D.), Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Munich; Department of Life Sciences (A.P., M.K., I.A.), Technical University Munich, Freising; Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry (S.P.), Martinsried; Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis (M.A.F.), University Medical Centre, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; MRC Human Immunology Unit (K.E.A.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Weatherall, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, UK; and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM) (I.A.), Germany
| | - Iris Antes
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (G.R., A.G.N., K.S., R.H., K.D.) and Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.H., K.D.), Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Munich; Department of Life Sciences (A.P., M.K., I.A.), Technical University Munich, Freising; Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry (S.P.), Martinsried; Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis (M.A.F.), University Medical Centre, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; MRC Human Immunology Unit (K.E.A.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Weatherall, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, UK; and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM) (I.A.), Germany
| | - Reinhard Hohlfeld
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (G.R., A.G.N., K.S., R.H., K.D.) and Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.H., K.D.), Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Munich; Department of Life Sciences (A.P., M.K., I.A.), Technical University Munich, Freising; Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry (S.P.), Martinsried; Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis (M.A.F.), University Medical Centre, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; MRC Human Immunology Unit (K.E.A.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Weatherall, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, UK; and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM) (I.A.), Germany
| | - Klaus Dornmair
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology (G.R., A.G.N., K.S., R.H., K.D.) and Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy) (R.H., K.D.), Ludwig-Maximilian-University, Munich; Department of Life Sciences (A.P., M.K., I.A.), Technical University Munich, Freising; Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry (S.P.), Martinsried; Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis (M.A.F.), University Medical Centre, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; MRC Human Immunology Unit (K.E.A.), Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Weatherall, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, UK; and Center for Integrated Protein Science Munich (CIPSM) (I.A.), Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Anastasopoulou EA, Voutsas IF, Papamichail M, Baxevanis CN, Perez SA. MHC class II tetramer analyses in AE37-vaccinated prostate cancer patients reveal vaccine-specific polyfunctional and long-lasting CD4(+) T-cells. Oncoimmunology 2016; 5:e1178439. [PMID: 27622033 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2016.1178439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Realizing the basis for generating long-lasting clinical responses in cancer patients after therapeutic vaccinations provides the means to further ameliorate clinical efficacy. Peptide cancer vaccines stimulating CD4(+) T helper cells are often promising for inducing immunological memory and persistent CD8(+) cytotoxic T cell responses. Recent reports from our clinical trial with the AE37 vaccine, which is a HER2 hybrid polypeptide, documented its efficacy to induce CD4(+) T cell immunity, which was associated with clinical improvements preferentially among HLA-DRB1*11(+) prostate cancer patients. Here, we performed in-depth investigation of the CD4(+) T cell response against the AE37 vaccine. We used the DR11/AE37 tetramer in combination with multicolor flow cytometry to identify and characterize AE37-specific CD4(+) T cells regarding memory and Tregs phenotype in HLA-DRB1*11(+) vaccinated patients. To verify vaccine-specific immunological memory in vivo, we also assessed AE37-specific CD4(+) T cells in defined CD4(+) memory subsets by cell sorting. Finally, vaccine-induced AE37-specific CD4(+) T cells were assessed regarding their functional profile. AE37-specific memory CD4(+) T cells could be detected in peptide-stimulated cultures from prostate cancer patients following vaccination even 4 y post-vaccination. The vast majority of vaccine-induced AE37-specific CD4(+) T cells exhibited a multifunctional, mostly Th1 cytokine signature, with the potential of granzyme B production. In contrast, we found relatively low frequencies of Tregs among AE37-specific CD4(+) T cells. This is the first report on the identification of vaccine-induced HER2-specific multifunctional long-lasting CD4(+) T cells in vaccinated prostate cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ioannis F Voutsas
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Center, Saint Savas Cancer Hospital , Athens, Greece
| | - Michael Papamichail
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Center, Saint Savas Cancer Hospital , Athens, Greece
| | - Constantin N Baxevanis
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Center, Saint Savas Cancer Hospital , Athens, Greece
| | - Sonia A Perez
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Center, Saint Savas Cancer Hospital , Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Alanio C, Nicoli F, Sultanik P, Flecken T, Perot B, Duffy D, Bianchi E, Lim A, Clave E, van Buuren MM, Schnuriger A, Johnsson K, Boussier J, Garbarg-Chenon A, Bousquet L, Mottez E, Schumacher TN, Toubert A, Appay V, Heshmati F, Thimme R, Pol S, Mallet V, Albert ML. Bystander hyperactivation of preimmune CD8+ T cells in chronic HCV patients. eLife 2015; 4. [PMID: 26568315 PMCID: PMC4752008 DOI: 10.7554/elife.07916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic infection perturbs immune homeostasis. While prior studies have reported dysregulation of effector and memory cells, little is known about the effects on naïve T cell populations. We performed a cross-sectional study of chronic hepatitis C (cHCV) patients using tetramer-associated magnetic enrichment to study antigen-specific inexperienced CD8(+) T cells (i.e., tumor or unrelated virus-specific populations in tumor-free and sero-negative individuals). cHCV showed normal precursor frequencies, but increased proportions of memory-phenotype inexperienced cells, as compared to healthy donors or cured HCV patients. These observations could be explained by low surface expression of CD5, a negative regulator of TCR signaling. Accordingly, we demonstrated TCR hyperactivation and generation of potent CD8(+) T cell responses from the altered T cell repertoire of cHCV patients. In sum, we provide the first evidence that naïve CD8(+) T cells are dysregulated during cHCV infection, and establish a new mechanism of immune perturbation secondary to chronic infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Alanio
- Unités de Recherche Internationales Mixtes Pasteur, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Centre d'Immunologie Humaine, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Immunobiology of Dendritic Cells, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Francesco Nicoli
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, DNU FAST, CR7, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Paris, France.,Emory, , United States
| | - Philippe Sultanik
- Unités de Recherche Internationales Mixtes Pasteur, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Immunobiology of Dendritic Cells, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Tobias Flecken
- The University Medical Center Freiburg, Department of Internal Medicine II, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Freiberg, Germany
| | - Brieuc Perot
- Unités de Recherche Internationales Mixtes Pasteur, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Immunobiology of Dendritic Cells, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Darragh Duffy
- Unités de Recherche Internationales Mixtes Pasteur, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Centre d'Immunologie Humaine, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Immunobiology of Dendritic Cells, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | | | - Annick Lim
- Plateforme d'Immunoscope, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Clave
- Hôpital Saint-Louis, Assistance publique - hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Marit M van Buuren
- Department of Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aurélie Schnuriger
- Laboratoire de virologie, Hôpital Armand-Trousseau, Assistance publique - hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Kerstin Johnsson
- Mathematics, Faculty of Engineering, Lunds University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jeremy Boussier
- Unités de Recherche Internationales Mixtes Pasteur, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Centre d'Immunologie Humaine, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Immunobiology of Dendritic Cells, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Antoine Garbarg-Chenon
- Laboratoire de virologie, Hôpital Armand-Trousseau, Assistance publique - hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | | | - Estelle Mottez
- Centre d'Immunologie Humaine, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Ton N Schumacher
- Department of Immunology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Antoine Toubert
- Hôpital Saint-Louis, Assistance publique - hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Victor Appay
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, DNU FAST, CR7, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), Paris, France.,Emory, , United States
| | | | - Robert Thimme
- The University Medical Center Freiburg, Department of Internal Medicine II, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Freiberg, Germany
| | | | | | - Matthew L Albert
- Unités de Recherche Internationales Mixtes Pasteur, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Centre d'Immunologie Humaine, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,Immunobiology of Dendritic Cells, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Multiplex Identification of Antigen-Specific T Cell Receptors Using a Combination of Immune Assays and Immune Receptor Sequencing. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141561. [PMID: 26509579 PMCID: PMC4624875 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Monitoring antigen-specific T cells is critical for the study of immune responses and development of biomarkers and immunotherapeutics. We developed a novel multiplex assay that combines conventional immune monitoring techniques and immune receptor repertoire sequencing to enable identification of T cells specific to large numbers of antigens simultaneously. We multiplexed 30 different antigens and identified 427 antigen-specific clonotypes from 5 individuals with frequencies as low as 1 per million T cells. The clonotypes identified were validated several ways including repeatability, concordance with published clonotypes, and high correlation with ELISPOT. Applying this technology we have shown that the vast majority of shared antigen-specific clonotypes identified in different individuals display the same specificity. We also showed that shared antigen-specific clonotypes are simpler sequences and are present at higher frequencies compared to non-shared clonotypes specific to the same antigen. In conclusion this technology enables sensitive and quantitative monitoring of T cells specific for hundreds or thousands of antigens simultaneously allowing the study of T cell responses with an unprecedented resolution and scale.
Collapse
|
19
|
Massilamany C, Gangaplara A, Basavalingappa RH, Rajasekaran RA, Khalilzad-Sharghi V, Han Z, Othman S, Steffen D, Reddy J. Localization of CD8 T cell epitope within cardiac myosin heavy chain-α334-352 that induces autoimmune myocarditis in A/J mice. Int J Cardiol 2015; 202:311-21. [PMID: 26422020 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac myosin heavy chain-α (Myhc), an intracellular protein expressed in the cardiomyocytes, has been identified as a major autoantigen in cardiac autoimmunity. In our studies with Myhc334-352-induced experimental autoimmune myocarditis in A/J mice (H-2a), we discovered that Myhc334-352, supposedly a CD4 T cell epitope, also induced antigen-specific CD8 T cells that transfer disease to naive animals. METHODS AND RESULTS In our efforts to identify the CD8 T cell determinants, we localized Myhc338-348 within the full length-Myhc334-352, leading to four key findings. (1) By acting as a dual epitope, Myhc338-348 induces both CD4 and CD8 T cell responses. (2) In a major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-stabilization assay, Myhc338-348 was found to bind H-2Dd-but not H-2Kk or H-2Ld-alleles. (3) The CD8 T cell response induced by Myhc338-348 was antigen-specific, as evaluated by MHC class I/H-2Dd dextramer staining. The antigen-sensitized T cells predominantly produced interferon-γ, the critical cytokine of effector cytotoxic T lymphocytes. (4) Myhc338-348 was found to induce myocarditis in immunized animals as determined by histology and magnetic resonance microscopy imaging. CONCLUSIONS Our data provide new insights as to how different immune cells can recognize the same antigen and inflict damage through different mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chandirasegaran Massilamany
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, United States
| | - Arunakumar Gangaplara
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, United States
| | - Rakesh H Basavalingappa
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, United States
| | - Rajkumar A Rajasekaran
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, United States
| | - Vahid Khalilzad-Sharghi
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, United States
| | - Zhongji Han
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, United States
| | - Shadi Othman
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, United States
| | - David Steffen
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, United States
| | - Jay Reddy
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Tu TC, Brown NK, Kim TJ, Wroblewska J, Yang X, Guo X, Lee SH, Kumar V, Lee KM, Fu YX. CD160 is essential for NK-mediated IFN-γ production. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 212:415-29. [PMID: 25711213 PMCID: PMC4354368 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20131601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Tu et al. generated a novel CD160-deficient mouse and showed impaired NK cell–mediated tumor elimination and IFN-γ production. CD160+ NK cells are functionally distinct in secretion of IFN-γ from their CD160− NK cell counterparts. NK-derived cytokines play important roles for natural killer (NK) function, but how the cytokines are regulated is poorly understood. CD160 is expressed on activated NK or T cells in humans but its function is unknown. We generated CD160-deficient mice to probe its function. Although CD160−/− mice showed no abnormalities in lymphocyte development, the control of NK-sensitive tumors was severely compromised in CD160−/− mice. Surprisingly, the cytotoxicity of NK cells was not impaired, but interferon-γ (IFN-γ) secretion by NK cells was markedly reduced in CD160−/− mice. Functionally targeting CD160 signaling with a soluble CD160-Ig also impaired tumor control and IFN-γ production, suggesting an active role of CD160 signaling. Using reciprocal bone marrow transfer and cell culture, we have identified the intrinsic role of CD160 on NK cells, as well as its receptor on non-NK cells, for regulating cytokine production. To demonstrate sufficiency of the CD160+ NK cell subset in controlling NK-dependent tumor growth, intratumoral transfer of the CD160+ NK fraction led to tumor regression in CD160−/− tumor-bearing mice, indicating demonstrable therapeutic potential for controlling early tumors. Therefore, CD160 is not only an important biomarker but also functionally controls cytokine production by NK cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tony C Tu
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Nicholas K Brown
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Tae-Jin Kim
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 Global Research Lab, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 136-705, South Korea
| | - Joanna Wroblewska
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Xuanming Yang
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Xiaohuan Guo
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Seoyun Hyunji Lee
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 Global Research Lab, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 136-705, South Korea
| | - Vinay Kumar
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Kyung-Mi Lee
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 Global Research Lab, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 136-705, South Korea Department of Melanoma Medical Oncology and Immunology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054
| | - Yang-Xin Fu
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Paster W, Bruger AM, Katsch K, Grégoire C, Roncagalli R, Fu G, Gascoigne NRJ, Nika K, Cohnen A, Feller SM, Simister PC, Molder KC, Cordoba SP, Dushek O, Malissen B, Acuto O. A THEMIS:SHP1 complex promotes T-cell survival. EMBO J 2014; 34:393-409. [PMID: 25535246 PMCID: PMC4339124 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201387725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
THEMIS is critical for conventional T-cell development, but its precise molecular function remains elusive. Here, we show that THEMIS constitutively associates with the phosphatases SHP1 and SHP2. This complex requires the adapter GRB2, which bridges SHP to THEMIS in a Tyr-phosphorylation-independent fashion. Rather, SHP1 and THEMIS engage with the N-SH3 and C-SH3 domains of GRB2, respectively, a configuration that allows GRB2-SH2 to recruit the complex onto LAT. Consistent with THEMIS-mediated recruitment of SHP to the TCR signalosome, THEMIS knock-down increased TCR-induced CD3-ζ phosphorylation, Erk activation and CD69 expression, but not LCK phosphorylation. This generalized TCR signalling increase led to augmented apoptosis, a phenotype mirrored by SHP1 knock-down. Remarkably, a KI mutation of LCK Ser59, previously suggested to be key in ERK-mediated resistance towards SHP1 negative feedback, did not affect TCR signalling nor ligand discrimination in vivo. Thus, the THEMIS:SHP complex dampens early TCR signalling by a previously unknown molecular mechanism that favours T-cell survival. We discuss possible implications of this mechanism in modulating TCR output signals towards conventional T-cell development and differentiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Paster
- T Cell Signalling Laboratory, Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Annika M Bruger
- T Cell Signalling Laboratory, Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kristin Katsch
- T Cell Signalling Laboratory, Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Claude Grégoire
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, UM2 Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France INSERM U1104, Marseille, France CNRS UMR7280, Marseille, France
| | - Romain Roncagalli
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, UM2 Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France INSERM U1104, Marseille, France CNRS UMR7280, Marseille, France
| | - Guo Fu
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas R J Gascoigne
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA Department of Microbiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Konstantina Nika
- T Cell Signalling Laboratory, Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Andre Cohnen
- T Cell Signalling Laboratory, Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Stephan M Feller
- Biological Systems Architecture Group, Department of Oncology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK Tumor Biology Unit, Institute of Molecular Medicine, ZAMED, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Philip C Simister
- Biological Systems Architecture Group, Department of Oncology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kelly C Molder
- T Cell Signalling Laboratory, Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Shaun-Paul Cordoba
- Molecular Immunology Group, Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Omer Dushek
- Molecular Immunology Group, Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Bernard Malissen
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, UM2 Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France INSERM U1104, Marseille, France CNRS UMR7280, Marseille, France
| | - Oreste Acuto
- T Cell Signalling Laboratory, Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Tischer S, Dieks D, Sukdolak C, Bunse C, Figueiredo C, Immenschuh S, Borchers S, Stripecke R, Maecker-Kolhoff B, Blasczyk R, Eiz-Vesper B. Evaluation of suitable target antigens and immunoassays for high-accuracy immune monitoring of cytomegalovirus and Epstein–Barr virus-specific T cells as targets of interest in immunotherapeutic approaches. J Immunol Methods 2014; 408:101-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2014.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
23
|
Clambey ET, Davenport B, Kappler JW, Marrack P, Homann D. Molecules in medicine mini review: the αβ T cell receptor. J Mol Med (Berl) 2014; 92:735-41. [PMID: 24848996 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-014-1145-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Revised: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
As an integral part of the mammalian immune system, a distributed network of tissues, cells, and extracellular factors, T lymphocytes perform and control a multitude of activities that collectively contribute to the effective establishment, maintenance, and restoration of tissue and organismal integrity. Development and function of T cells is controlled by the T cell receptor (TCR), a heterodimeric cell surface protein uniquely expressed on T cells. During T cell development, the TCR undergoes extensive somatic diversification that generates a diverse T cell repertoire capable of recognizing an extraordinary range of protein and nonprotein antigens presented in the context of major histocompatibility complex molecules (MHC). In this review, we provide an introduction to the TCR, describing underlying principles that position this molecule as a central regulator of the adaptive immune system involved in responses ranging from tissue protection and preservation to pathology and autoimmunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric T Clambey
- Department of Anesthesiology, Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Mail Stop B112, Research Complex 2, 12700 East 19th Avenue, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA,
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Perica K, De León Medero A, Durai M, Chiu YL, Bieler JG, Sibener L, Niemöller M, Assenmacher M, Richter A, Edidin M, Oelke M, Schneck J. Nanoscale artificial antigen presenting cells for T cell immunotherapy. NANOMEDICINE : NANOTECHNOLOGY, BIOLOGY, AND MEDICINE 2014; 10:119-29. [PMID: 23891987 PMCID: PMC4114774 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2013.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Revised: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/30/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Artificial antigen presenting cells (aAPC), which deliver stimulatory signals to cytotoxic lymphocytes, are a powerful tool for both adoptive and active immunotherapy. Thus far, aAPC have been synthesized by coupling T cell activating proteins such as CD3 or MHC-peptide to micron-sized beads. Nanoscale platforms have different trafficking and biophysical interaction properties and may allow development of new immunotherapeutic strategies. We therefore manufactured aAPC based on two types of nanoscale particle platforms: biocompatible iron-dextran paramagnetic particles (50-100 nm in diameter) and avidin-coated quantum dot nanocrystals (~30 nm). Nanoscale aAPC induced antigen-specific T cell proliferation from mouse splenocytes and human peripheral blood T cells. When injected in vivo, both iron-dextran particles and quantum dot nanocrystals enhanced tumor rejection in a subcutaneous mouse melanoma model. This is the first description of nanoscale aAPC that induce antigen-specific T cell proliferation in vitro and lead to effective T cell stimulation and inhibition of tumor growth in vivo. FROM THE CLINICAL EDITOR Artifical antigen presenting cells could revolutionize the field of cancer-directed immunotherapy. This team of investigators have manufactured two types of nanoscale particle platform-based aAPCs and demonstrates that both iron-dextran particles and quantum dot nanocrystals enhance tumor rejection in a melanoma model, providing the first description of nanoscale aAPCs that lead to effective T cell stimulation and inhibition of tumor growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karlo Perica
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Departments of Pathology, Oncology, and Medicine. Institute of Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andrés De León Medero
- Departments of Pathology, Oncology, and Medicine. Institute of Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Malarvizhi Durai
- Departments of Pathology, Oncology, and Medicine. Institute of Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yen Ling Chiu
- Departments of Pathology, Oncology, and Medicine. Institute of Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joan Glick Bieler
- Departments of Pathology, Oncology, and Medicine. Institute of Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Leah Sibener
- Departments of Pathology, Oncology, and Medicine. Institute of Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | - Michael Edidin
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mathias Oelke
- Departments of Pathology, Oncology, and Medicine. Institute of Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jonathan Schneck
- Departments of Pathology, Oncology, and Medicine. Institute of Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Chen J, Yin H, Xu J, Wang Q, Edelblum KL, Sciammas R, Chong AS. Reversing endogenous alloreactive B cell GC responses with anti-CD154 or CTLA-4Ig. Am J Transplant 2013; 13:2280-92. [PMID: 23855587 PMCID: PMC3797532 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.12350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2013] [Revised: 05/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Alloantibodies mediate acute antibody-mediated rejection as well as chronic allograft rejection in clinical transplantation. To better understand the cellular dynamics driving antibody production, we focused on the activation and differentiation of alloreactive B cells in the draining lymph nodes and spleen following sensitization to allogeneic cells or hearts. We used a modified staining approach with a single MHC Class I tetramer (K(d)) bound to two different fluorochromes to discriminate between the Class I-binding and fluorochrome-streptavidin-binding B cells with a high degree of specificity and binding efficiency. By Day 7-8 postsensitization, there was a 1.5- to 3.2-fold increase in the total numbers of K(d) -binding B cells. Within this K(d) -binding B cell population, approximately half were IgD(low) , MHC Class II(high) and CD86(+), 30-45% expressed a germinal center (Fas(+) GL7(+)) phenotype and 3-12% were IRF4(hi) plasma cells. Remarkably, blockade with anti-CD40 or CTLA-4Ig, starting on Day 7 postimmunization for 1 or 4 weeks, completely dissolved established GCs and halted further development of the alloantibody response. Thus MHC Class I tetramers can specifically track the in vivo fate of endogenous, Class I-specific B cells and was used to demonstrate the ability of delayed treatment with anti-CD154 or CTLA-4Ig to halt established allo-B cell responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Chen
- Section of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
The advent of immunotherapies for cancer has resulted in robust clinical responses and confirmed that the immune system can significantly inhibit tumor progression. The recent success of adoptive cell therapy against melanoma suggests that endogenous T-cell responses have the potential to control cancer. However, the lack of responses in some patients receiving such therapy indicates a need for a better understanding of the host immune response to solid tumors. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the characteristics of adoptively transferred T cells associated with successful anti-melanoma immune responses in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Fermin Lee
- Dirks/Dougherty Laboratory for Cancer Research; Department of Translational Immunology; John Wayne Cancer Institute at Saint John’s Health Center; Santa Monica, CA USA
| | - Peter A. Sieling
- Dirks/Dougherty Laboratory for Cancer Research; Department of Translational Immunology; John Wayne Cancer Institute at Saint John’s Health Center; Santa Monica, CA USA
| | - Delphine J. Lee
- Dirks/Dougherty Laboratory for Cancer Research; Department of Translational Immunology; John Wayne Cancer Institute at Saint John’s Health Center; Santa Monica, CA USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Alanio C, Bouvier I, Jusforgues-Saklani H, Albert ML. Tracking antigen-specific CD8⁺ T cells using MHC class I multimers. Methods Mol Biol 2013; 960:309-326. [PMID: 23329496 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-218-6_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The tracking of epitope-specific T cells is a useful approach for the study of adaptive immune responses. This protocol describes how Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I (MHC-I) multimers can be used to stain, enrich, and enumerate (rare) populations of CD8(+) T cells specific for a given antigen. It provides the detailed steps for multimer labeling, magnetic enrichment, and cytometric analysis. Additionally, it provides informations for multiplexing experiments in order to achieve simultaneous detection of multiple antigenic specificities, and strategies for coupling the protocol with functional assays (e.g., intracellular cytokine staining). Future developments in cytometric systems (e.g., mass spectroscopy-based cytometry) and gene expression studies (e.g., single cell PCR) will extend these approaches and provide an unprecedented assessment of the immune repertoire.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Alanio
- Immunobiologie des cellules dendritiques, Unité Mixte Pasteur/Inserm U818, Institut Pasteur and Centre d'Immunologie Humaine, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Bouvier
- Immunobiologie des cellules dendritiques, Unité Mixte Pasteur/Inserm U818, Institut Pasteur and Centre d'Immunologie Humaine, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Hélène Jusforgues-Saklani
- Immunobiologie des cellules dendritiques, Unité Mixte Pasteur/Inserm U818, Institut Pasteur and Centre d'Immunologie Humaine, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Matthew L Albert
- Immunobiologie des cellules dendritiques, Unité Mixte Pasteur/Inserm U818, Institut Pasteur and Centre d'Immunologie Humaine, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Immune markers and correlates of protection for vaccine induced immune responses. Vaccine 2012; 30:4907-20. [PMID: 22658928 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.05.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2012] [Revised: 05/15/2012] [Accepted: 05/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Vaccines have been a major innovation in the history of mankind and still have the potential to address the challenges posed by chronic intracellular infections including tuberculosis, HIV and malaria which are leading causes of high morbidity and mortality across the world. Markers of an appropriate humoral response currently remain the best validated correlates of protective immunity after vaccination. Despite advancements in the field of immunology over the past few decades currently there are, however, no sufficiently validated immune correlates of vaccine induced protection against chronic infections in neither human nor veterinary medicine. Technological and conceptual advancements within cell-mediated immunology have led to a number of new immunological read-outs with the potential to emerge as correlates of vaccine induced protection. For T(H)1 type responses, antigen-specific production of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) has been promoted as a quantitative marker of protective cell-mediated immune responses over the past couple of decades. More recently, however, evidence from several infections has pointed towards the quality of the immune response, measured through increased levels of antigen-specific polyfunctional T cells capable of producing a triad of relevant cytokines, as a better correlate of sustained protective immunity against this type of infections. Also the possibilities to measure antigen-specific cytotoxic T cells (CTL) during infection or in response to vaccination, through recombinant major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I tetramers loaded with relevant peptides, has opened a new vista to include CTL responses in the evaluation of protective immune responses. Here, we review different immune markers and new candidates for correlates of a protective vaccine induced immune response against chronic infections and how successful they have been in defining the protective immunity in human and veterinary medicine.
Collapse
|
29
|
Varadarajan N, Kwon DS, Law KM, Ogunniyi AO, Anahtar MN, Richter JM, Walker BD, Love JC. Rapid, efficient functional characterization and recovery of HIV-specific human CD8+ T cells using microengraving. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:3885-90. [PMID: 22355106 PMCID: PMC3309713 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1111205109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The nature of certain clinical samples (tissue biopsies, fluids) or the subjects themselves (pediatric subjects, neonates) often constrain the number of cells available to evaluate the breadth of functional T-cell responses to infections or therapeutic interventions. The methods most commonly used to assess this functional diversity ex vivo and to recover specific cells to expand in vitro usually require more than 10(6) cells. Here we present a process to identify antigen-specific responses efficiently ex vivo from 10(4)-10(5) single cells from blood or mucosal tissues using dense arrays of subnanoliter wells. The approach combines on-chip imaging cytometry with a technique for capturing secreted proteins--called "microengraving"--to enumerate antigen-specific responses by single T cells in a manner comparable to conventional assays such as ELISpot and intracellular cytokine staining. Unlike those assays, however, the individual cells identified can be recovered readily by micromanipulation for further characterization in vitro. Applying this method to assess HIV-specific T-cell responses demonstrates that it is possible to establish clonal CD8(+) T-cell lines that represent the most abundant specificities present in circulation using 100- to 1,000-fold fewer cells than traditional approaches require and without extensive genotypic analysis a priori. This rapid (<24 h), efficient, and inexpensive process should improve the comparative study of human T-cell immunology across ages and anatomic compartments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Navin Varadarajan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Douglas S. Kwon
- The Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Harvard University, Charlestown, MA 02129; Divisions of
- Infectious Diseases and
| | - Kenneth M. Law
- The Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Harvard University, Charlestown, MA 02129; Divisions of
| | - Adebola O. Ogunniyi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Melis N. Anahtar
- The Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Harvard University, Charlestown, MA 02129; Divisions of
| | - James M. Richter
- Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114; and
| | - Bruce D. Walker
- The Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Harvard University, Charlestown, MA 02129; Divisions of
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815
| | - J. Christopher Love
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
- The Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Harvard University, Charlestown, MA 02129; Divisions of
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) is a potent target for GvHD prevention at different cellular levels. Leukemia 2012; 26:1617-29. [DOI: 10.1038/leu.2012.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
31
|
Participation of blood vessel cells in human adaptive immune responses. Trends Immunol 2011; 33:49-57. [PMID: 22030237 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2011.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2011] [Revised: 09/12/2011] [Accepted: 09/13/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Circulating T cells contact blood vessels either when they extravasate across the walls of microvessels into inflamed tissues or when they enter into the walls of larger vessels in inflammatory diseases such as atherosclerosis. The blood vessel wall is largely composed of three cell types: endothelial cells lining the entire vascular tree; pericytes supporting the endothelium of microvessels; and smooth muscle cells forming the bulk of large vessel walls. Each of these cell types interacts with and alters the behavior of infiltrating T cells in different ways, making these cells active participants in the processes of immune-mediated inflammation. In this review, we compare and contrast what is known about the nature of these interactions in humans.
Collapse
|
32
|
Corti D, Sallusto F, Lanzavecchia A. High throughput cellular screens to interrogate the human T and B cell repertoires. Curr Opin Immunol 2011; 23:430-5. [PMID: 21600751 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2011.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2011] [Revised: 04/14/2011] [Accepted: 04/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
There is growing consensus for an urgent need to develop efficient methods to analyze the human T and B cell response in order to understand its regulation, to unravel host-pathogen interactions and to design better vaccines. In this review we will consider different methods that have been developed to analyze human T and B cells and focus in particular on those based on high-throughput cell culture, such as memory B cell immortalization, plasma cell cultures and libraries of naïve or memory T cells. These culture-based methods can be used to interrogate with high efficiency the immune repertoires in order to characterize the frequency, function and specificity of naïve or memory T cells and to isolate potent and broadly neutralizing monoclonal antibodies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Davide Corti
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Via Vincenzo Vela 6, CH-6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
An anti-PR1/HLA-A2 T-cell receptor-like antibody mediates complement-dependent cytotoxicity against acute myeloid leukemia progenitor cells. Blood 2011; 117:4262-72. [PMID: 21296998 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2010-07-299248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PR1 (VLQELNVTV) is a human leukocyte antigen-A2 (HLA-A2)-restricted leukemia-associated peptide from proteinase 3 (P3) and neutrophil elastase (NE) that is recognized by PR1-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes that contribute to cytogenetic remission of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We report a novel T-cell receptor (TCR)-like immunoglobulin G2a (IgG2a) antibody (8F4) with high specific binding affinity (dissociation constant [K(D)] = 9.9nM) for a combined epitope of the PR1/HLA-A2 complex. Flow cytometry and confocal microscopy of 8F4-labeled cells showed significantly higher PR1/HLA-A2 expression on AML blasts compared with normal leukocytes (P = .046). 8F4 mediated complement-dependent cytolysis of AML blasts and Lin(-)CD34(+)CD38(-) leukemia stem cells (LSCs) but not normal leukocytes (P < .005). Although PR1 expression was similar on LSCs and hematopoietic stem cells, 8F4 inhibited AML progenitor cell growth, but not normal colony-forming units from healthy donors (P < .05). This study shows that 8F4, a novel TCR-like antibody, binds to a conformational epitope of the PR1/HLA-A2 complex on the cell surface and mediates specific lysis of AML, including LSCs. Therefore, this antibody warrants further study as a novel approach to targeting leukemia-initiating cells in patients with AML.
Collapse
|
34
|
Development of an MHC class I L(d)-restricted PSA peptide-loaded tetramer for detection of PSA-specific CD8+ T cells in the mouse. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2011; 14:118-21. [PMID: 21263453 PMCID: PMC3094480 DOI: 10.1038/pcan.2010.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Objectives We set out to develop a prostate specific antigen (PSA) peptide-loaded tetramer for enumeration of PSA-specific CD8+ T cells in the Balb/c mouse model. Methods A candidate MHC class I PSA peptide (HPQKVTKFML188–197) was selected based on its ability to restimulate PSA-specific CD8+ T cells to secrete IFN-γ in our assays. Next, H-2Ld-restricted peptide-loaded and fluorescently labeled tetramers were produced in conjunction with the NIH Tetramer Core Facility. This tetramer was then tested for staining specificity and optimized for detection of PSA-specific CD8+ T cells induced by our PSA-encoding adenovirus tumor vaccine. Results The MHC class I PSA peptide demonstrated successful restimulation of CD8+ T cells isolated from mice previously vaccinated with a PSA-encoding adenovirus tumor vaccine, with no restimulation observed in control vaccinated mice. The peptide-loaded H-2Ld tetramer exhibited the desired binding specificity and allowed for detection and frequency determination of PSA-specific CD8+ T cells by flow cytometry. Conclusions We have successfully designed and validated a PSA peptide tetramer for use in the Balb/c mouse model that can be used to test PSA-based prostate cancer vaccines. Until now, PSA-specific CD8+ T cells in the mouse have only been detectable via cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) assays or intracellular cytokine staining, which primarily assess Ag-specific functional activity, not their absolute number. This research tool provides laboratories the ability to directly quantitate CD8+ T cells elicited by PSA-specific immunotherapies and cancer vaccines that are tested in mouse models.
Collapse
|
35
|
Gründemann C, Schwartzkopff S, Koschella M, Schweier O, Peters C, Voehringer D, Pircher H. The NK receptor KLRG1 is dispensable for virus-induced NK and CD8+ T-cell differentiation and function in vivo. Eur J Immunol 2010; 40:1303-14. [PMID: 20201037 DOI: 10.1002/eji.200939771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The killer cell lectin-like receptor G1 (KLRG1) is expressed by NK and T-cell subsets and recognizes members of the classical cadherin family. KLRG1 is widely used as a lymphocyte differentiation marker in both humans and mice but the physiological role of KLRG1 in vivo is still unclear. Here, we generated KLRG1-deficient mice by homologous recombination and used several infection models for their characterization. The results revealed that KLRG1 deficiency did not affect development and function of NK cells examined under various conditions. KLRG1 was also dispensable for normal CD8+ T-cell differentiation and function after viral infections. Thus, KLRG1 is a marker for distinct NK and T-cell differentiation stages but it does not play a deterministic role in the generation and functional characteristics of these lymphocyte subsets. In addition, we demonstrate that E-cadherin expressed by K562 target cells inhibited NK-cell reactivity in transgenic mice over-expressing KLRG1 but not in KLRG1-deficient or WT mice. Hence, the inhibitory potential of KLRG1 in mice is rather weak and strong activation signals during viral infections may override the inhibitory signal in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Gründemann
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Division of Immunology, University of Freiburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Zaritskaya L, Shurin MR, Sayers TJ, Malyguine AM. New flow cytometric assays for monitoring cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Expert Rev Vaccines 2010; 9:601-16. [PMID: 20518716 PMCID: PMC2911950 DOI: 10.1586/erv.10.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The exact immunologic responses after vaccination that result in effective antitumor immunity have not yet been fully elucidated and the data from ex vivo T-cell assays have not yet defined adequate surrogate markers for clinical efficacy. A more detailed knowledge of the specific immune responses that correlate with positive clinical outcomes should help to develop better or novel strategies to effectively activate the immune system against tumors. Furthermore, clinically relevant material is often limited and, thus, precludes the ability to perform multiple assays. The two main assays currently used to monitor lymphocyte-mediated cytoxicity in cancer patients are the (51)Cr-release assay and IFN-gamma ELISpot assay. The former has a number of disadvantages, including low sensitivity, poor labeling and high spontaneous release of isotope from some tumor target cells. Additional problems with the (51)Cr-release assay include difficulty in obtaining autologous tumor targets, and biohazard and disposal problems for the isotope. The ELISpot assays do not directly measure cytotoxic activity and are, therefore, a surrogate marker of cyotoxic capacity of effector T cells. Furthermore, they do not assess cytotoxicity mediated by the production of the TNF family of death ligands by the cytotoxic cells. Therefore, assays that allow for the simultaneous measurement of several parameters may be more advantageous for clinical monitoring. In this respect, multifactor flow cytometry-based assays are a valid addition to the currently available immunologic monitoring assays. Use of these assays will enable detection and enumeration of tumor-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes and their specific effector functions and any correlations with clinical responses. Comprehensive, multifactor analysis of effector cell responses after vaccination may help to detect factors that determine the success or failure of a vaccine and its immunological potency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liubov Zaritskaya
- Applied and Developmental Research Support Program, SAIC-Frederick,
Inc., National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Michael R Shurin
- Departments of Pathology and Immunology, University of Pittsburgh
Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Thomas J Sayers
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., National
Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Anatoli M Malyguine
- Applied and Developmental Research Support Program, SAIC-Frederick,
Inc., National Cancer Institute at Frederick, Frederick, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|