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Peñate L, Carrillo-Beltrán D, Spichiger C, Cuevas-Zhbankova A, Torres-Arévalo Á, Silva P, Richter HG, Ayuso-Sacido Á, San Martín R, Quezada-Monrás C. The Impact of A3AR Antagonism on the Differential Expression of Chemoresistance-Related Genes in Glioblastoma Stem-like Cells. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:579. [PMID: 38794149 PMCID: PMC11124321 DOI: 10.3390/ph17050579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GB) is the most aggressive and common primary malignant tumor of the brain and central nervous system. Without treatment, the average patient survival time is about six months, which can be extended to fifteen months with multimodal therapies. The chemoresistance observed in GB is, in part, attributed to the presence of a subpopulation of glioblastoma-like stem cells (GSCs) that are characterized by heightened tumorigenic capacity and chemoresistance. GSCs are situated in hypoxic tumor niches, where they sustain and promote the stem-like phenotype and have also been correlated with high chemoresistance. GSCs have the particularity of generating high levels of extracellular adenosine (ADO), which causes the activation of the A3 adenosine receptor (A3AR) with a consequent increase in the expression and activity of genes related to chemoresistance. Therefore, targeting its components is a promising alternative for treating GB. This analysis determined genes that were up- and downregulated due to A3AR blockades under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions. In addition, possible candidates associated with chemoresistance that were positively regulated by hypoxia and negatively regulated by A3AR blockades in the same condition were analyzed. We detected three potential candidate genes that were regulated by the A3AR antagonist MRS1220 under hypoxic conditions: LIMD1, TRIB2, and TGFB1. Finally, the selected markers were correlated with hypoxia-inducible genes and with the expression of adenosine-producing ectonucleotidases. In conclusion, we detected that hypoxic conditions generate extensive differential gene expression in GSCs, increasing the expression of genes associated with chemoresistance. Furthermore, we observed that MRS1220 could regulate the expression of LIMD1, TRIB2, and TGFB1, which are involved in chemoresistance and correlate with a poor prognosis, hypoxia, and purinergic signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuba Peñate
- Laboratorio de Biología Tumoral, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
| | - Diego Carrillo-Beltrán
- Laboratorio de Biología Tumoral, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
- Laboratorio de Virología Molecular, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
| | - Carlos Spichiger
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular Aplicada, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
| | - Alexei Cuevas-Zhbankova
- Laboratorio de Biología Tumoral, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
| | - Ángelo Torres-Arévalo
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria Y Recursos Naturales, Sede Talca, Universidad Santo Tomás, Talca 347-3620, Chile
| | - Pamela Silva
- Laboratorio de Biología Tumoral, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
| | - Hans G Richter
- Laboratorio de Cronobiología del Desarrollo, Instituto de Anatomía, Histología y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
| | - Ángel Ayuso-Sacido
- Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223 Madrid, Spain
- Brain Tumour Laboratory, Fundación Vithas, Grupo Hospitales Vithas, 28043 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rody San Martín
- Laboratorio de Patología Molecular, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
| | - Claudia Quezada-Monrás
- Laboratorio de Biología Tumoral, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
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Bibbò F, Asadzadeh F, Boccia A, Sorice C, Bianco O, Saccà CD, Majello B, Donofrio V, Bifano D, De Martino L, Quaglietta L, Cristofano A, Covelli EM, Cinalli G, Ferrucci V, De Antonellis P, Zollo M. Targeting Group 3 Medulloblastoma by the Anti-PRUNE-1 and Anti-LSD1/KDM1A Epigenetic Molecules. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3917. [PMID: 38612726 PMCID: PMC11011515 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) is a highly malignant childhood brain tumor. Group 3 MB (Gr3 MB) is considered to have the most metastatic potential, and tailored therapies for Gr3 MB are currently lacking. Gr3 MB is driven by PRUNE-1 amplification or overexpression. In this paper, we found that PRUNE-1 was transcriptionally regulated by lysine demethylase LSD1/KDM1A. This study aimed to investigate the therapeutic potential of inhibiting both PRUNE-1 and LSD1/KDM1A with the selective inhibitors AA7.1 and SP-2577, respectively. We found that the pharmacological inhibition had a substantial efficacy on targeting the metastatic axis driven by PRUNE-1 (PRUNE-1-OTX2-TGFβ-PTEN) in Gr3 MB. Using RNA seq transcriptomic feature data in Gr3 MB primary cells, we provide evidence that the combination of AA7.1 and SP-2577 positively affects neuronal commitment, confirmed by glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-positive differentiation and the inhibition of the cytotoxic components of the tumor microenvironment and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by the down-regulation of N-Cadherin protein expression. We also identified an impairing action on the mitochondrial metabolism and, consequently, oxidative phosphorylation, thus depriving tumors cells of an important source of energy. Furthermore, by overlapping the genomic mutational signatures through WES sequence analyses with RNA seq transcriptomic feature data, we propose in this paper that the combination of these two small molecules can be used in a second-line treatment in advanced therapeutics against Gr3 MB. Our study demonstrates that the usage of PRUNE-1 and LSD1/KDM1A inhibitors in combination represents a novel therapeutic approach for these highly aggressive metastatic MB tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Bibbò
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnological DMMBM, University Federico II of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy; (F.B.); (V.F.); (P.D.A.)
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate “Franco Salvatore”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (F.A.); (A.B.); (C.S.); (O.B.)
| | - Fatemeh Asadzadeh
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate “Franco Salvatore”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (F.A.); (A.B.); (C.S.); (O.B.)
- SEMM European School of Molecular Medicine, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Angelo Boccia
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate “Franco Salvatore”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (F.A.); (A.B.); (C.S.); (O.B.)
| | - Carmen Sorice
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate “Franco Salvatore”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (F.A.); (A.B.); (C.S.); (O.B.)
| | - Orazio Bianco
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate “Franco Salvatore”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (F.A.); (A.B.); (C.S.); (O.B.)
| | - Carmen Daniela Saccà
- Department of Biology, University Federico II of Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy; (C.D.S.); (B.M.)
| | - Barbara Majello
- Department of Biology, University Federico II of Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy; (C.D.S.); (B.M.)
| | - Vittoria Donofrio
- Department of Pathology, Santobono-Pausilipon Children’s Hospital, AORN, 80129 Naples, Italy; (V.D.); (D.B.)
| | - Delfina Bifano
- Department of Pathology, Santobono-Pausilipon Children’s Hospital, AORN, 80129 Naples, Italy; (V.D.); (D.B.)
| | - Lucia De Martino
- Pediatric Neuro-Oncology, Santobono-Pausilipon Children’s Hospital, AORN, 80129 Naples, Italy; (L.D.M.); (L.Q.)
| | - Lucia Quaglietta
- Pediatric Neuro-Oncology, Santobono-Pausilipon Children’s Hospital, AORN, 80129 Naples, Italy; (L.D.M.); (L.Q.)
| | - Adriana Cristofano
- Pediatric Neuroradiology, Santobono-Pausilipon Children’s Hospital, AORN, 80129 Naples, Italy; (A.C.); (E.M.C.)
| | - Eugenio Maria Covelli
- Pediatric Neuroradiology, Santobono-Pausilipon Children’s Hospital, AORN, 80129 Naples, Italy; (A.C.); (E.M.C.)
| | - Giuseppe Cinalli
- Pediatric Neurosurgery, Santobono-Pausilipon Children’s Hospital, AORN, 80129 Naples, Italy;
| | - Veronica Ferrucci
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnological DMMBM, University Federico II of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy; (F.B.); (V.F.); (P.D.A.)
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate “Franco Salvatore”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (F.A.); (A.B.); (C.S.); (O.B.)
| | - Pasqualino De Antonellis
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnological DMMBM, University Federico II of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy; (F.B.); (V.F.); (P.D.A.)
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate “Franco Salvatore”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (F.A.); (A.B.); (C.S.); (O.B.)
| | - Massimo Zollo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnological DMMBM, University Federico II of Naples, 80131 Naples, Italy; (F.B.); (V.F.); (P.D.A.)
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate “Franco Salvatore”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (F.A.); (A.B.); (C.S.); (O.B.)
- DAI Medicina di Laboratorio e Trasfusionale, ‘AOU Federico II Policlinico’, 80131 Naples, Italy
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Hong ES, Wang SZ, Ponti AK, Hajdari N, Lee J, Mulkearns-Hubert EE, Volovetz J, Kay KE, Lathia JD, Dhawan A. miR-644a is a tumor cell-intrinsic mediator of sex bias in glioblastoma. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.11.584443. [PMID: 38559056 PMCID: PMC10979950 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.11.584443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Background Biological sex is an important risk factor for glioblastoma (GBM), with males having a higher incidence and poorer prognosis. The mechanisms for this sex bias are thought to be both tumor intrinsic and tumor extrinsic. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), key post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression, have been previously linked to sex differences in various cell types and diseases, but their role in the sex bias of GBM remains unknown. Methods We leveraged previously published paired miRNA and mRNA sequencing of 39 GBM patients (22 male, 17 female) to identify sex-biased miRNAs. We further interrogated a separate single-cell RNA sequencing dataset of 110 GBM patients to examine whether differences in miRNA target gene expression were tumor cell intrinsic or tumor cell extrinsic. Results were validated in a panel of patient-derived cell models. Results We identified 10 sex-biased miRNAs (adjusted < 0.1), of which 3 were more highly expressed in males and 7 more highly expressed in females. Of these, miR-644a was higher in females, and increased expression of miR-644a target genes was significantly associated with decreased overall survival (HR 1.3, p = 0.02). Furthermore, analysis of an independent single-cell RNA sequencing dataset confirmed sex-specific expression of miR-644a target genes in tumor cells (p < 10-15). Among patient derived models, miR-644a was expressed a median of 4.8-fold higher in females compared to males. Conclusions Our findings implicate miR-644a as a candidate tumor cell-intrinsic regulator of sex-biased gene expression in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen S. Hong
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program (MSTP), School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Sabrina Z. Wang
- Medical Scientist Training Program (MSTP), School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - András K. Ponti
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Nicole Hajdari
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Juyeun Lee
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Erin E. Mulkearns-Hubert
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Josephine Volovetz
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Kristen E. Kay
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Justin D. Lathia
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Rose Ella Burkhardt Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Andrew Dhawan
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Rose Ella Burkhardt Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- School of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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4
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Kay KE, Lee J, Hong ES, Beilis J, Dayal S, Wesley E, Mitchell S, Wang SZ, Silver DJ, Volovetz J, Johnson S, McGraw M, Grabowski MM, Lu T, Freytag L, Narayana V, Freytag S, Best SA, Whittle JR, Wang Z, Reizes O, Yu JS, Hazen SL, Brown JM, Bayik D, Lathia JD. Tumor cell-derived spermidine promotes a pro-tumorigenic immune microenvironment in glioblastoma via CD8+ T cell inhibition. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.14.567048. [PMID: 38014234 PMCID: PMC10680681 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.14.567048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
The glioblastoma microenvironment is enriched in immunosuppressive factors that potently interfere with the function of cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Cancer cells can directly impact the immune system, but the mechanisms driving these interactions are not completely clear. Here we demonstrate that the polyamine metabolite spermidine is elevated in the glioblastoma tumor microenvironment. Exogenous administration of spermidine drives tumor aggressiveness in an immune-dependent manner in pre-clinical mouse models via reduction of CD8+ T cell frequency and phenotype. Knockdown of ornithine decarboxylase, the rate-limiting enzyme in spermidine synthesis, did not impact cancer cell growth in vitro but did result in extended survival. Furthermore, glioblastoma patients with a more favorable outcome had a significant reduction in spermidine compared to patients with a poor prognosis. Our results demonstrate that spermidine functions as a cancer cell-derived metabolite that drives tumor progression by reducing CD8+T cell number and function.
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Shao X, Saito R, Sato A, Okuno S, Saigusa D, Saito R, Uruno A, Osada Y, Kanamori M, Tominaga T. Local Delivery of Nimustine Hydrochloride against Brain Tumors: Basic Characterization Study. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2023; 261:187-194. [PMID: 37635063 DOI: 10.1620/tjem.2023.j069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Convection-enhanced delivery (CED) delivers agents directly into tumors and the surrounding parenchyma. Although a promising concept, clinical applications are often hampered by insufficient treatment efficacy. Toward developing an effective CED-based strategy for delivering drugs with proven clinical efficacy, we performed a basic characterization study to explore the locally delivered characteristics of the water soluble nitrosourea nimustine hydrochloride (ACNU). First, ACNU distribution after CED in rodent brain was studied using mass spectrometry imaging. Clearance of 14C-labeled ACNU after CED in striatum was also studied. ACNU was robustly distributed in rodent brain similar to the distribution of the hydrophilic dye Evans blue after CED, and locally delivered ACNU was observed for over 24 h at the delivery site. Subsequently, to investigate the potential of ACNU to induce an immunostimulative microenvironment, Fas and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) was assessed in vitro. We found that ACNU significantly inhibited TGF-β1 secretion and reduced Fas expression. Further, after CED of ACNU in 9L-derived intracranial tumors, the infiltration of CD4/CD8 lymphocytes in tumors was evaluated by immunofluorescence.CED of ACNU in xenografted intracranial tumors induced tumor infiltration of CD4/CD8 lymphocytes. ACNU has a robust distribution in rodent brain by CED, and delayed clearance of the drug was observed at the local infusion site. Further, local delivery of ACNU affects the tumor microenvironment and induces immune cell migration in tumor. These characteristics make ACNU a promising agent for CED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Shao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Ryuta Saito
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Aya Sato
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Saori Okuno
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Daisuke Saigusa
- Faculty of Pharma-Science, Teikyo University
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
- Department of Integrative Genomics, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University
| | - Ritsumi Saito
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
- Department of Integrative Genomics, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University
| | - Akira Uruno
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
- Department of Integrative Genomics, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University
| | - Yoshinari Osada
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Masayuki Kanamori
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Teiji Tominaga
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine
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Zhang D, Sun R, Di C, Li L, Zhao F, Han Y, Zhang W. Microdissection of cancer-associated fibroblast infiltration subtypes unveils the secreted SERPINE2 contributing to immunosuppressive microenvironment and immuotherapeutic resistance in gastric cancer: A large-scale study integrating bulk and single-cell transcriptome profiling. Comput Biol Med 2023; 166:107406. [PMID: 37729702 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.107406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
In the era of immunotherapy, the suboptimal response rate and the development of acquired resistance among the initial beneficiaries continue to present significant challenges across multiple malignancies, including gastric cancer (GC). Considering that the interactions of tumor stroma, especially the cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), with immune and tumor cells, play indispensable roles in tumor progression, tumor microenvironment remodeling and therapeutic responsiveness, in-depth exploration on the roles of CAFs and pivotal mediators of their functions may provide novel clues to increase the effectiveness of current immunotherapeutic drugs and further achieve synergistic antitumor response. Herein, through the consensus clustering of canonical biomarkers, three GC subclasses with different abundance of CAFs were virtually microdissected in four integrated bulk cohorts encompassing 2148 GC patients from 11 independent datasets. An extensive immunogenomic analysis revealed that tumors with high CAFs infiltration were characterized with unfavorable outcomes, aggressive phenotypes, decreased tumor immunogenicity, high risk of immune evasion and thus immunotherapeutic resistance. By leveraging large-scale single-cell transcriptomic profiling, a series of CAF-secreted proteins were identified, among which the SERPINE2 was confirmed to be restrictively enriched in stromal fibroblasts of GC tissues and contribute to promoting a protumor milieu and fostering an immunosuppressive microenvironment via bioinformatics computations and tissue microarray analysis. Moreover, pan-cancer investigations generalized the immunological roles of SERPINE2, especially in pan-gastrointestinal malignancies, with multiple real-world immunotherapy cohorts further confirming its implications on predicting immunotherapeutic efficacy. In conclusion, these findings suggest that the CAF-derived SERPINE2 is a promising immune-oncology target with therapeutic implications to further synergize the immunotherapeutic combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Zhang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, General Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China; Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, General Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250021, China; Department of Breast Surgery, General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China; Department of Clinical Medicine, The First Clinical College, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China.
| | - Rui Sun
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The First Clinical College, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Chenyu Di
- Department of Breast Surgery, General Surgery, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China; Department of Clinical Medicine, The First Clinical College, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250000, China
| | - Faming Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yu Han
- Department of Pathology, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying, Shandong, 257000, China
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250011, China; Department of General Surgery, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250011, China.
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7
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Liu ZL, Chen HH, Zheng LL, Sun LP, Shi L. Angiogenic signaling pathways and anti-angiogenic therapy for cancer. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:198. [PMID: 37169756 PMCID: PMC10175505 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01460-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 94.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels, is a complex and dynamic process regulated by various pro- and anti-angiogenic molecules, which plays a crucial role in tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis. With the advances in molecular and cellular biology, various biomolecules such as growth factors, chemokines, and adhesion factors involved in tumor angiogenesis has gradually been elucidated. Targeted therapeutic research based on these molecules has driven anti-angiogenic treatment to become a promising strategy in anti-tumor therapy. The most widely used anti-angiogenic agents include monoclonal antibodies and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) targeting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway. However, the clinical benefit of this modality has still been limited due to several defects such as adverse events, acquired drug resistance, tumor recurrence, and lack of validated biomarkers, which impel further research on mechanisms of tumor angiogenesis, the development of multiple drugs and the combination therapy to figure out how to improve the therapeutic efficacy. Here, we broadly summarize various signaling pathways in tumor angiogenesis and discuss the development and current challenges of anti-angiogenic therapy. We also propose several new promising approaches to improve anti-angiogenic efficacy and provide a perspective for the development and research of anti-angiogenic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Ling Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, 210009, Nanjing, China
| | - Huan-Huan Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, 210009, Nanjing, China
| | - Li-Li Zheng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, 210009, Nanjing, China
| | - Li-Ping Sun
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, 210009, Nanjing, China.
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, 210009, Nanjing, China.
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8
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Behrooz AB, Latifi-Navid H, Nezhadi A, Świat M, Los M, Jamalpoor Z, Ghavami S. Molecular mechanisms of microRNAs in glioblastoma pathogenesis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2023; 1870:119482. [PMID: 37146725 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2023.119482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is human's most prevalent and severe brain cancer. Epigenetic regulators, micro(mi)RNAs, significantly impact cellular health and disease because of their wide range of targets and functions. The "epigenetic symphony" in which miRNAs perform is responsible for orchestrating the transcription of genetic information. The discovery of regulatory miRNA activities in GBM biology has shown that various miRNAs play a vital role in disease onset and development. Here, we summarize our current understanding of the current state-of-the-art and latest findings regarding the interactions between miRNAs and molecular mechanisms commonly associated with GBM pathogenesis. Moreover, by literature review and reconstruction of the GBM gene regulatory network, we uncovered the connection between miRNAs and critical signaling pathways such as cell proliferation, invasion, and cell death, which provides promising hints for identifying potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of GBM. In addition, the role of miRNAs in GBM patient survival was investigated. The present review, which contains new analyses of the previous literature, may lead to new avenues to explore in the future for the development of multitargeted miRNA-based therapies for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hamid Latifi-Navid
- Department of Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Akram Nezhadi
- Cognitive Neuroscience Research Center, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maciej Świat
- Faculty of Medicine in Zabrze, University of Technology in Katowice, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Marek Los
- Biotechnology Center, Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Zahra Jamalpoor
- Trauma Research Center, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Saeid Ghavami
- Faculty of Medicine in Zabrze, University of Technology in Katowice, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland; Research Institute of Oncology and Hematology, Cancer Care Manitoba-University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba College of Medicine, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
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9
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Decraene B, Vanmechelen M, Clement P, Daisne JF, Vanden Bempt I, Sciot R, Garg AD, Agostinis P, De Smet F, De Vleeschouwer S. Cellular and molecular features related to exceptional therapy response and extreme long-term survival in glioblastoma. Cancer Med 2023. [PMID: 36776000 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.5681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) remains the most common malignant primary brain tumor with a dismal prognosis that rarely exceeds beyond 2 years despite extensive therapy, which consists of maximal safe surgical resection, radiotherapy, and/or chemotherapy. Recently, it has become clear that GBM is not one homogeneous entity and that both intra-and intertumoral heterogeneity contributes significantly to differences in tumoral behavior which may consequently be responsible for differences in survival. Strikingly and in spite of its dismal prognosis, small fractions of GBM patients seem to display extremely long survival, defined as surviving over 10 years after diagnosis, compared to the large majority of patients. Although the underlying mechanisms for this peculiarity remain largely unknown, emerging data suggest that still poorly characterized both cellular and molecular factors of the tumor microenvironment and their interplay probably play an important role. We hereby give an extensive overview of what is yet known about these cellular and molecular features shaping extreme long survival in GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Decraene
- KU Leuven, Laboratory for Precision Cancer Medicine, Translational Cell and Tissue Research Unit, Leuven, Belgium.,KU Leuven Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurosurgery and Neuroanatomy Research Group, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - M Vanmechelen
- KU Leuven, Laboratory for Precision Cancer Medicine, Translational Cell and Tissue Research Unit, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of General Medical Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - P Clement
- Department of General Medical Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - J F Daisne
- Radiation Oncology Department, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - I Vanden Bempt
- Department of Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - R Sciot
- Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - A D Garg
- KU Leuven, VIB Center for Cancer Biology Research, Leuven, Belgium
| | - P Agostinis
- KU Leuven, Laboratory of Cell Stress & Immunity (CSI), Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, Leuven, Belgium
| | - F De Smet
- KU Leuven, Laboratory for Precision Cancer Medicine, Translational Cell and Tissue Research Unit, Leuven, Belgium
| | - S De Vleeschouwer
- KU Leuven Department of Neurosciences, Experimental Neurosurgery and Neuroanatomy Research Group, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,KU Leuven, Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), Leuven, Belgium
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10
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The Tumor Immune Microenvironment in Primary CNS Neoplasms: A Review of Current Knowledge and Therapeutic Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032020. [PMID: 36768342 PMCID: PMC9917056 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary CNS neoplasms are responsible for considerable mortality and morbidity, and many therapies directed at primary brain tumors have proven unsuccessful despite their success in preclinical studies. Recently, the tumor immune microenvironment has emerged as a critical aspect of primary CNS neoplasms that may affect their malignancy, prognosis, and response to therapy across patients and tumor grades. This review covers the tumor microenvironment of various primary CNS neoplasms, with a focus on glioblastoma and meningioma. Additionally, current therapeutic strategies based on elements of the tumor microenvironment, including checkpoint inhibitor therapy and immunotherapeutic vaccines, are discussed.
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11
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Mechanical Properties of the Extracellular Environment of Human Brain Cells Drive the Effectiveness of Drugs in Fighting Central Nervous System Cancers. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12070927. [PMID: 35884733 PMCID: PMC9313046 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12070927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The evaluation of nanomechanical properties of tissues in health and disease is of increasing interest to scientists. It has been confirmed that these properties, determined in part by the composition of the extracellular matrix, significantly affect tissue physiology and the biological behavior of cells, mainly in terms of their adhesion, mobility, or ability to mutate. Importantly, pathophysiological changes that determine disease development within the tissue usually result in significant changes in tissue mechanics that might potentially affect the drug efficacy, which is important from the perspective of development of new therapeutics, since most of the currently used in vitro experimental models for drug testing do not account for these properties. Here, we provide a summary of the current understanding of how the mechanical properties of brain tissue change in pathological conditions, and how the activity of the therapeutic agents is linked to this mechanical state.
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12
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Garima G, Thanvi S, Singh A, Verma V. Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Variant III Mutation, an Emerging Molecular Marker in Glioblastoma Multiforme Patients: A Single Institution Study on the Indian Population. Cureus 2022; 14:e26412. [PMID: 35911278 PMCID: PMC9335135 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.26412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Glioblastoma is the most frequent and the most aggressive primary malignant brain tumor in adults. Standard treatment includes surgical removal of the tumor followed by concomitant chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Temozolomide, an oral alkylating agent, is currently the most commonly used chemotherapy. However, the median survival of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) patients remains very low. Epidermal growth factor receptor variant III (EGFRvIII) is a novel marker for GBM patients of Indian origin as very few studies have been done on this molecular marker in our country. This is the first study utilizing this molecular marker among GBM patients in Rajasthan, India. This was a single institutional study that aimed to estimate the proportion of EGFRvIII mutation in GBM patients of Indian origin. Methodology This was a non-randomized, ambispective, single institutional observational study done on 35 brain tissue biopsies of histopathologically diagnosed and confirmed cases of GBM based on the World Health Organization 2007 Classification received in the pathology department of Dr. Sampurnanand Medical College, Jodhpur from 2015 to 2020 after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria. Molecular study of the EGFRvIII marker was conducted in all cases of GBM in the same institution on the RNA extracted from selected biopsy samples. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS version 22.0 software package (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY USA). The correlation between age and gender with EGFR-positive cases was analyzed, and EGFR positivity compared with previous studies. Results The occurrence of the EGFRvIII mutation was found to be 17.4% (6/35 cases). The mean age of presentation of a tumor with this mutation was estimated to be 54.3 years. Males were more commonly found to be affected (66.6%, 4/6 cases). Conclusions Thus, the identification of this mutation would segregate patients who may benefit from newer therapeutic approaches. In the future, personalized treatment may be advised for GBM patients depending on the presence of the EGFRvIII mutation.
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13
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Wu W, Wang Y, Xiang J, Li X, Wahafu A, Yu X, Bai X, Yan G, Wang C, Wang N, Du C, Xie W, Wang M, Wang J. A Novel Multi-Omics Analysis Model for Diagnosis and Survival Prediction of Lower-Grade Glioma Patients. Front Oncol 2022; 12:729002. [PMID: 35646656 PMCID: PMC9133344 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.729002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Lower-grade gliomas (LGGs) are characterized by remarkable genetic heterogeneity and different clinical outcomes. Classification of LGGs is improved by the development of molecular stratification markers including IDH mutation and 1p/19q chromosomal integrity, which are used as a hallmark of survival and therapy sensitivity of LGG patients. However, the reproducibility and sensitivity of the current classification remain ambiguous. This study aimed to construct more accurate risk-stratification approaches. Methods According to bioinformatics, the sequencing profiles of methylation and transcription and imaging data derived from LGG patients were analyzed and developed predictable risk score and radiomics score. Moreover, the performance of predictable models was further validated. Results In this study, we determined a cluster of 6 genes that were correlated with IDH mutation/1p19q co-deletion status. Risk score model was calculated based on 6 genes and showed gratifying sensitivity and specificity for survival prediction and therapy response of LGG patients. Furthermore, a radiomics risk score model was established to noninvasively assist judgment of risk score in pre-surgery. Taken together, a predictable nomogram that combined transcriptional signatures and clinical characteristics was established and validated to be preferable to the histopathological classification. Our novel multi-omics nomograms showed a satisfying performance. To establish a user-friendly application, the nomogram was further developed into a web-based platform: https://drw576223193.shinyapps.io/Nomo/, which could be used as a supporting method in addition to the current histopathological-based classification of gliomas. Conclusions Our novel multi-omics nomograms showed the satisfying performance of LGG patients and assisted clinicians to draw up individualized clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Center of Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yichang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Center of Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jianyang Xiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Center of Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Center of Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Alafate Wahafu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Center of Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiao Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaobin Bai
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ge Yan
- Department of Medical Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chunbao Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Changwang Du
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wanfu Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Maode Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Center of Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jia Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.,Center of Brain Science, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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14
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Bioinformatics analysis of LMAN1 expression, clinical characteristics, and its effects on cell proliferation and invasion in glioma. Brain Res 2022; 1789:147952. [PMID: 35623391 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2022.147952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Glioma is the most common primary central nervous system malignant tumor with high heterogeneity and poor prognosis. So far, the complex pathological process of glioma has not been fully elucidated, and there is a lack of effective biomarkers for the diagnosis and molecular targeted therapy of glioma. Using bioinformatics methods, 77 upregulated and 89 downregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected by intersection analysis in different gene expression datasets of glioma cases from public databases. Then, GO and KEGG pathway analysis revealed that the biological functions of these upregulated DEGs were mainly focused on immune response, and the signaling pathways were mainly enriched in integrin family cell surface interactions. The overexpression of the LMAN1 gene of interest was then confirmed using the TCGA dataset and further verified by qRT-PCR in 29 clinical samples and 5 glioma cell lines. Furthermore, high expression of LMAN1 was found to be associated with higher WHO grade, IDH status, and 1p/19q co-deletion. Survival analysis showed that high expression of LMAN1 was associated with poor prognosis in glioma. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) indicated that many cancer-related pathways were associated with LMAN1-high phenotype. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis revealed significant interaction between LMAN1 and MCFD2, F8, and TMED10. Finally, cell experiments showed that LMAN1 knockdown significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion and promoted apoptosis in glioma cells. This study highlighted the malignant role of LMAN1 in gliomas and provided a potentially valuable biomarker for prognosis evaluation and molecular targeted therapy of glioma.
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15
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The Protein L-Isoaspartyl (D-Aspartyl) Methyltransferase Regulates Glial-to-Mesenchymal Transition and Migration Induced by TGF-β1 in Human U-87 MG Glioma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105698. [PMID: 35628507 PMCID: PMC9146343 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The enzyme PIMT methylates abnormal aspartyl residues in proteins. U-87 MG cells are commonly used to study the most frequent brain tumor, glioblastoma. Previously, we reported that PIMT isoform I possessed oncogenic features when overexpressed in U-87 MG and U-251 MG glioma cells. Higher levels of wild-type PIMT stimulated migration and invasion in both glioma cell lines. Conversely, PIMT silencing reduced these migratory abilities of both cell lines. These results indicate that PIMT could play a critical role in glioblastoma growth. Here, we investigated for the first time, molecular mechanisms involving PIMT in the regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) upon TGF-β1 treatments. Gene array analyses indicated that EMT genes but not PIMT gene were regulated in U-87 MG cells treated with TGF-β1. Importantly, PIMT silencing by siRNA inhibited in vitro migration in U-87 MG cells induced by TGF-β1. In contrast, overexpressed wild-type PIMT and TGF-β1 had additive effects on cell migration. When PIMT was inhibited by siRNA, this prevented Slug induction by TGF-β1, while Snail stimulation by TGF-β1 was increased. Indeed, overexpression of wild-type PIMT led to the opposite effects on Slug and Snail expression dependent on TGF-β1. These data highlighted the importance of PIMT in the EMT response dependent on TGF-β1 in U-87 MG glioma cells by an antagonist regulation in the expression of transcription factors Slug and Snail, which are critical players in EMT.
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16
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Shamshiripour P, Nikoobakht M, Mansourinejad Z, Ahmadvand D, Akbarpour M. A comprehensive update to DC therapy for glioma; a systematic review and meta-analysis. Expert Rev Vaccines 2022; 21:513-531. [DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2022.2027759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Shamshiripour
- Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of medical imaging technology and molecular imaging, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Nikoobakht
- Department of Neurosurgery, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - zahra Mansourinejad
- Department of systems biology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Davoud Ahmadvand
- Department of medical imaging technology and molecular imaging, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahzad Akbarpour
- Advanced Cellular Therapeutics Facility, David and Etta Jonas Center for Cellular Therapy, Hematopoietic Cellular Therapy Program, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago 60637 IL, USA
- Immunology Board for Transplantation and Cell-Based Therapeutics (Immuno-TACT), Universal Science and Education Research Network (USERN), Chicago, USA
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17
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Sun S, Li X, Qu B, Xie K, Li J, Miao J. Association of the VEGFR2 single nucleotide polymorphism rs2305948 with glioma risk. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e28454. [PMID: 35029892 PMCID: PMC8735747 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000028454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many studies have reported a relationship between the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs2305948 and glioma, but their conclusions have been controversial. A meta-analysis was performed to assess the association between rs2305948 and glioma susceptibility. METHODS Inclusion criteria and a strategy for screening of original literature were created. Eligible articles on the correlation between the SNP rs2305948 and glioma were identified in the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CNKI and Wanfang databases. After extracting the data, Stata 12. 0 software was used to perform statistical analysis under 5 genetic models and to calculate the combined odds ratio (OR) value and its 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS Four case-control studies including 1595 cases and 1657 controls were entered into the study. The overall analysis showed that no obvious association existed between rs2305948 and glioma risk (allele: OR = 1.20, 95% CI = 0.93-1.54, P = .162; dominant: OR = 1.17, 95% CI = 0.93-1.46, P = .174; recessive: OR = 1.72, 95% CI = 0.94-3.15, P = .076; heterozygous: OR = 1.11, 95% CI = 0.94-1.30, P = .226; homozygous: OR = 1.74, 95% CI = 0.92-3.29, P = .088). The subgroup analysis suggested that the SNP rs2305948 was related to glioma susceptibility under allele, dominant, recessive and homozygote models in the Asian population (allele: OR = 1.34, 95% CI = 1.16-1.55, P < .001; recessive: OR = 2.24, 95% CI = 1.49-3.36, P < .001; homozygous: OR = 2.32, 95% CI = 1.54-3.50, P < .001). CONCLUSION The vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 rs2305948 gene polymorphism may be related to glioma susceptibility in the Asian population. However, the association is not clear in non-Asian populations, for which there has been less research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shushu Sun
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Xiaotian Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Bingkun Qu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Kunming Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Jinlei Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, China
| | - Junjie Miao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Weifang People's Hospital, Weifang, China
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Djediai S, Gonzalez Suarez N, El Cheikh-Hussein L, Rodriguez Torres S, Gresseau L, Dhayne S, Joly-Lopez Z, Annabi B. MT1-MMP Cooperates with TGF-β Receptor-Mediated Signaling to Trigger SNAIL and Induce Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal-like Transition in U87 Glioblastoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13006. [PMID: 34884812 PMCID: PMC8657819 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222313006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) recapitulates metastasis and can be induced in vitro through transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signaling. A role for MMP activity in glioblastoma multiforme has been ascribed to EMT, but the molecular crosstalk between TGF-β signaling and membrane type 1 MMP (MT1-MMP) remains poorly understood. Here, the expression of common EMT biomarkers, induced through TGF-β and the MT1-MMP inducer concanavalin A (ConA), was explored using RNA-seq analysis and differential gene arrays in human U87 glioblastoma cells. TGF-β triggered SNAIL and fibronectin expressions in 2D-adherent and 3D-spheroid U87 glioblastoma cell models. Those inductions were antagonized by the TGF-β receptor kinase inhibitor galunisertib, the JAK/STAT inhibitors AG490 and tofacitinib, and by the diet-derived epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). Transient gene silencing of MT1-MMP prevented the induction of SNAIL by ConA and abrogated TGF-β-induced cell chemotaxis. Moreover, ConA induced STAT3 and Src phosphorylation, suggesting these pathways to be involved in the MT1-MMP-mediated signaling axis that led to SNAIL induction. Our findings highlight a new signaling axis linking MT1-MMP to TGF-β-mediated EMT-like induction in glioblastoma cells, the process of which can be prevented by the diet-derived EGCG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souad Djediai
- Laboratoire d’Oncologie Moléculaire, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succ. Centre-ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada; (S.D.); (N.G.S.); (L.E.C.-H.); (S.R.T.); (L.G.)
- Département de Chimie, and CERMO-FC, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada; (S.D.); (Z.J.-L.)
| | - Narjara Gonzalez Suarez
- Laboratoire d’Oncologie Moléculaire, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succ. Centre-ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada; (S.D.); (N.G.S.); (L.E.C.-H.); (S.R.T.); (L.G.)
- Département de Chimie, and CERMO-FC, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada; (S.D.); (Z.J.-L.)
| | - Layal El Cheikh-Hussein
- Laboratoire d’Oncologie Moléculaire, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succ. Centre-ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada; (S.D.); (N.G.S.); (L.E.C.-H.); (S.R.T.); (L.G.)
- Département de Chimie, and CERMO-FC, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada; (S.D.); (Z.J.-L.)
| | - Sahily Rodriguez Torres
- Laboratoire d’Oncologie Moléculaire, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succ. Centre-ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada; (S.D.); (N.G.S.); (L.E.C.-H.); (S.R.T.); (L.G.)
- Département de Chimie, and CERMO-FC, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada; (S.D.); (Z.J.-L.)
| | - Loraine Gresseau
- Laboratoire d’Oncologie Moléculaire, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succ. Centre-ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada; (S.D.); (N.G.S.); (L.E.C.-H.); (S.R.T.); (L.G.)
- Département de Chimie, and CERMO-FC, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada; (S.D.); (Z.J.-L.)
| | - Sheraz Dhayne
- Département de Chimie, and CERMO-FC, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada; (S.D.); (Z.J.-L.)
| | - Zoé Joly-Lopez
- Département de Chimie, and CERMO-FC, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada; (S.D.); (Z.J.-L.)
| | - Borhane Annabi
- Laboratoire d’Oncologie Moléculaire, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Succ. Centre-ville, Montreal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada; (S.D.); (N.G.S.); (L.E.C.-H.); (S.R.T.); (L.G.)
- Département de Chimie, and CERMO-FC, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3P8, Canada; (S.D.); (Z.J.-L.)
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Singh K, Hotchkiss KM, Patel KK, Wilkinson DS, Mohan AA, Cook SL, Sampson JH. Enhancing T Cell Chemotaxis and Infiltration in Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:5367. [PMID: 34771532 PMCID: PMC8582389 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is an immunologically 'cold' tumor, which are characterized by absent or minimal numbers of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). For those tumors that have been invaded by lymphocytes, they are profoundly exhausted and ineffective. While many immunotherapy approaches seek to reinvigorate immune cells at the tumor, this requires TILs to be present. Therefore, to unleash the full potential of immunotherapy in glioblastoma, the trafficking of lymphocytes to the tumor is highly desirable. However, the process of T cell recruitment into the central nervous system (CNS) is tightly regulated. Naïve T cells may undergo an initial licensing process to enter the migratory phenotype necessary to enter the CNS. T cells then must express appropriate integrins and selectin ligands to interact with transmembrane proteins at the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Finally, they must interact with antigen-presenting cells and undergo further licensing to enter the parenchyma. These T cells must then navigate the tumor microenvironment, which is rich in immunosuppressive factors. Altered tumoral metabolism also interferes with T cell motility. In this review, we will describe these processes and their mediators, along with potential therapeutic approaches to enhance trafficking. We also discuss safety considerations for such approaches as well as potential counteragents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirit Singh
- Duke Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; (K.M.H.); (K.K.P.); (D.S.W.); (A.A.M.); (S.L.C.)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - John H. Sampson
- Duke Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA; (K.M.H.); (K.K.P.); (D.S.W.); (A.A.M.); (S.L.C.)
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20
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Mitchell D, Shireman J, Sierra Potchanant EA, Lara-Velazquez M, Dey M. Neuroinflammation in Autoimmune Disease and Primary Brain Tumors: The Quest for Striking the Right Balance. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:716947. [PMID: 34483843 PMCID: PMC8414998 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.716947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
According to classical dogma, the central nervous system (CNS) is defined as an immune privileged space. The basis of this theory was rooted in an incomplete understanding of the CNS microenvironment, however, recent advances such as the identification of resident dendritic cells (DC) in the brain and the presence of CNS lymphatics have deepened our understanding of the neuro-immune axis and revolutionized the field of neuroimmunology. It is now understood that many pathological conditions induce an immune response in the CNS, and that in many ways, the CNS is an immunologically distinct organ. Hyperactivity of neuro-immune axis can lead to primary neuroinflammatory diseases such as multiple sclerosis and antibody-mediated encephalitis, whereas immunosuppressive mechanisms promote the development and survival of primary brain tumors. On the therapeutic front, attempts are being made to target CNS pathologies using various forms of immunotherapy. One of the most actively investigated areas of CNS immunotherapy is for the treatment of glioblastoma (GBM), the most common primary brain tumor in adults. In this review, we provide an up to date overview of the neuro-immune axis in steady state and discuss the mechanisms underlying neuroinflammation in autoimmune neuroinflammatory disease as well as in the development and progression of brain tumors. In addition, we detail the current understanding of the interactions that characterize the primary brain tumor microenvironment and the implications of the neuro-immune axis on the development of successful therapeutic strategies for the treatment of CNS malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Mitchell
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Jack Shireman
- Dey Malignant Brain Tumor Laboratory, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
| | | | - Montserrat Lara-Velazquez
- Dey Malignant Brain Tumor Laboratory, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Mahua Dey
- Dey Malignant Brain Tumor Laboratory, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
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21
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Liu X, Chen JY, Chien Y, Yang YP, Chen MT, Lin LT. Overview of the molecular mechanisms of migration and invasion in glioblastoma multiforme. J Chin Med Assoc 2021; 84:669-677. [PMID: 34029218 DOI: 10.1097/jcma.0000000000000552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most devastating cancers, with an approximate median survival of only 16 months. Although some new insights into the fantastic heterogeneity of this kind of brain tumor have been revealed in recent studies, all subclasses of GBM still demonstrate highly aggressive invasion properties to the surrounding parenchyma. This behavior has become the main obstruction to current curative therapies as invasive GBM cells migrate away from these foci after surgical therapies. Therefore, this review aimed to provide a relatively comprehensive study of GBM invasion mechanisms, which contains an intricate network of interactions and signaling pathways with the extracellular matrix (ECM). Among these related molecules, TGF-β, the ECM, Akt, and microRNAs are most significant in terms of cellular procedures related to GBM motility and invasion. Moreover, we also review data indicating that Musashi-1 (MSI1), a neural RNA-binding protein (RBP), regulates GBM motility and invasion, maintains stem cell populations in GBM, and promotes drug-resistant GBM phenotypes by stimulating necessary oncogenic signaling pathways through binding and regulating mRNA stability. Importantly, these necessary oncogenic signaling pathways have a close connection with TGF-β, ECM, and Akt. Thus, it appears promising to find MSI-specific inhibitors or RNA interference-based treatments to prevent the actions of these molecules despite using RBPs, which are known as hard therapeutic targets. In summary, this review aims to provide a better understanding of these signaling pathways to help in developing novel therapeutic approaches with better outcomes in preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Liu
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ju-Yu Chen
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yueh Chien
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Ping Yang
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Ming-Teh Chen
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Medical Education & Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Liang-Ting Lin
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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22
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Chaudhary R, Morris RJ, Steinson E. The multifactorial roles of microglia and macrophages in the maintenance and progression of glioblastoma. J Neuroimmunol 2021; 357:577633. [PMID: 34153803 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2021.577633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The functional characteristics of glial cells, in particular microglia, have attained considerable importance in several diseases, including glioblastoma, the most hostile and malignant type of intracranial tumor. Microglia performs a highly significant role in the brain's inflammatory response mechanism. They exhibit anti-tumor properties via phagocytosis and the activation of a number of different cytotoxic substances. Some tumor-derived factors, however, transform these microglial cells into immunosuppressive and tumor-supportive, facilitating survival and progression of tumorigenic cells. Glioma-associated microglia and/or macrophages (GAMs) accounts for a large proportion of glioma infiltrating cells. Once within the tumor, GAMs exhibit a distinct phenotype of initiation that subsequently supports the growth and development of tumorigenic cells, angiogenesis and stimulates the infiltration of healthy brain regions. Interventions that suppress or prohibit the induction of GAMs at the tumor site or attenuate their immunological activities accommodating anti-tumor actions are likely to exert positive impact on glioblastoma treatment. In the present paper, we aim to summarize the most recent knowledge of microglia and its physiology, as well as include a very brief description of different molecular factors involved in microglia and glioblastoma interplay. We further address some of the major signaling pathways that regulate the baseline motility of glioblastoma progression. Finally, we discussed a number of therapeutic approaches regarding glioblastoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishabh Chaudhary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Vidya Vihar, Raebareli Road, Lucknow, India.
| | - Rhianna J Morris
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3QT, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Steinson
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
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23
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Zhu D, Trinh P, Li J, Grant GA, Yang F. Gradient hydrogels for screening stiffness effects on patient-derived glioblastoma xenograft cellfates in 3D. J Biomed Mater Res A 2021; 109:1027-1035. [PMID: 32862485 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Brain cancer is a devastating disease given its extreme invasiveness and intricate location. Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most common forms of brain cancer, and cancer progression is often correlated with significantly altered tissue stiffness. To elucidate the effect of matrix stiffness on GBM cell fates, previous research is largely limited to 2D studies using immortalized cell lines, which has limited physiological relevance. The objective of the study is to develop gradient hydrogels with brain-mimicking stiffness range as a 3Din vitro GBM model for screening of the effects of matrix stiffness on GBM. To increase the physiological relevance, patient-derived tumor xenograft (PDTX) GBM cells were used. Our gradient platform allows formation of cell-containing hydrogels with stiffness ranging from 40 Pa to 1,300 Pa within a few minutes. By focusing on a brain-mimicking stiffness range, this gradient hydrogel platform is designed for investigating brain cancer. Increasing stiffness led to decreased GBM proliferation and less spreading, which is accompanied by downregulation of matrix-metalloproteinases (MMPs). Using temozolomide (TMZ) as a model drug, we demonstrate that increasing stiffness led to higher drug resistance by PDTX GBM cells in 3D, suggesting matrix stiffness can directly modulate how GBM cells respond to drug treatment. While the current study focuses on stiffness gradient, the setup may also be adapted for screening other cancer niche cues such as how biochemical ligand gradient modulates brain cancer progression and drug responses using reduced materials and time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danqing Zhu
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Pavin Trinh
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Jianfeng Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Gerry A Grant
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Fan Yang
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
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24
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Mitchell K, Troike K, Silver DJ, Lathia JD. The evolution of the cancer stem cell state in glioblastoma: emerging insights into the next generation of functional interactions. Neuro Oncol 2021; 23:199-213. [PMID: 33173943 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noaa259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular heterogeneity is a hallmark of advanced cancers and has been ascribed in part to a population of self-renewing, therapeutically resistant cancer stem cells (CSCs). Glioblastoma (GBM), the most common primary malignant brain tumor, has served as a platform for the study of CSCs. In addition to illustrating the complexities of CSC biology, these investigations have led to a deeper understanding of GBM pathogenesis, revealed novel therapeutic targets, and driven innovation towards the development of next-generation therapies. While there continues to be an expansion in our knowledge of how CSCs contribute to GBM progression, opportunities have emerged to revisit this conceptual framework. In this review, we will summarize the current state of CSCs in GBM using key concepts of evolution as a paradigm (variation, inheritance, selection, and time) to describe how the CSC state is subject to alterations of cell intrinsic and extrinsic interactions that shape their evolutionarily trajectory. We identify emerging areas for future consideration, including appreciating CSCs as a cell state that is subject to plasticity, as opposed to a discrete population. These future considerations will not only have an impact on our understanding of this ever-expanding field but will also provide an opportunity to inform future therapies to effectively treat this complex and devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Mitchell
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.,Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Katie Troike
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case, Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Daniel J Silver
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Justin D Lathia
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.,Rose Ella Burkhardt Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
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25
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Olatz C, Patricia GG, Jon L, Iker B, Carmen DLH, Fernando U, Gaskon I, Ramon PJ. Is There Such a Thing as a Genuine Cancer Stem Cell Marker? Perspectives from the Gut, the Brain and the Dental Pulp. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9120426. [PMID: 33260962 PMCID: PMC7760753 DOI: 10.3390/biology9120426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The conversion of healthy stem cells into cancer stem cells (CSCs) is believed to underlie tumor relapse after surgical removal and fuel tumor growth and invasiveness. CSCs often arise from the malignant transformation of resident multipotent stem cells, which are present in most human tissues. Some organs, such as the gut and the brain, can give rise to very aggressive types of cancers, contrary to the dental pulp, which is a tissue with a very remarkable resistance to oncogenesis. In this review, we focus on the similarities and differences between gut, brain and dental pulp stem cells and their related CSCs, placing a particular emphasis on both their shared and distinctive cell markers, including the expression of pluripotency core factors. We discuss some of their similarities and differences with regard to oncogenic signaling, telomerase activity and their intrinsic propensity to degenerate to CSCs. We also explore the characteristics of the events and mutations leading to malignant transformation in each case. Importantly, healthy dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) share a great deal of features with many of the so far reported CSC phenotypes found in malignant neoplasms. However, there exist literally no reports about the contribution of DPSCs to malignant tumors. This raises the question about the particularities of the dental pulp and what specific barriers to malignancy might be present in the case of this tissue. These notable differences warrant further research to decipher the singular properties of DPSCs that make them resistant to transformation, and to unravel new therapeutic targets to treat deadly tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crende Olatz
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain; (C.O.); (G.-G.P.); (L.J.); (B.I.); (d.l.H.C.); (U.F.)
| | - García-Gallastegui Patricia
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain; (C.O.); (G.-G.P.); (L.J.); (B.I.); (d.l.H.C.); (U.F.)
| | - Luzuriaga Jon
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain; (C.O.); (G.-G.P.); (L.J.); (B.I.); (d.l.H.C.); (U.F.)
| | - Badiola Iker
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain; (C.O.); (G.-G.P.); (L.J.); (B.I.); (d.l.H.C.); (U.F.)
| | - de la Hoz Carmen
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain; (C.O.); (G.-G.P.); (L.J.); (B.I.); (d.l.H.C.); (U.F.)
| | - Unda Fernando
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain; (C.O.); (G.-G.P.); (L.J.); (B.I.); (d.l.H.C.); (U.F.)
| | - Ibarretxe Gaskon
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain; (C.O.); (G.-G.P.); (L.J.); (B.I.); (d.l.H.C.); (U.F.)
- Correspondence: (I.G.); (P.J.R.); Tel.: +34-946-013-218 (I.G.); +34-946-012-426 (P.J.R.)
| | - Pineda Jose Ramon
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain; (C.O.); (G.-G.P.); (L.J.); (B.I.); (d.l.H.C.); (U.F.)
- Achucarro Basque Center for Neuroscience Fundazioa, 48940 Leioa, Spain
- Correspondence: (I.G.); (P.J.R.); Tel.: +34-946-013-218 (I.G.); +34-946-012-426 (P.J.R.)
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26
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Pearson JRD, Cuzzubbo S, McArthur S, Durrant LG, Adhikaree J, Tinsley CJ, Pockley AG, McArdle SEB. Immune Escape in Glioblastoma Multiforme and the Adaptation of Immunotherapies for Treatment. Front Immunol 2020; 11:582106. [PMID: 33178210 PMCID: PMC7594513 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.582106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most frequently occurring primary brain tumor and has a very poor prognosis, with only around 5% of patients surviving for a period of 5 years or more after diagnosis. Despite aggressive multimodal therapy, consisting mostly of a combination of surgery, radiotherapy, and temozolomide chemotherapy, tumors nearly always recur close to the site of resection. For the past 15 years, very little progress has been made with regards to improving patient survival. Although immunotherapy represents an attractive therapy modality due to the promising pre-clinical results observed, many of these potential immunotherapeutic approaches fail during clinical trials, and to date no immunotherapeutic treatments for GBM have been approved. As for many other difficult to treat cancers, GBM combines a lack of immunogenicity with few mutations and a highly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Unfortunately, both tumor and immune cells have been shown to contribute towards this immunosuppressive phenotype. In addition, current therapeutics also exacerbate this immunosuppression which might explain the failure of immunotherapy-based clinical trials in the GBM setting. Understanding how these mechanisms interact with one another, as well as how one can increase the anti-tumor immune response by addressing local immunosuppression will lead to better clinical results for immune-based therapeutics. Improving therapeutic delivery across the blood brain barrier also presents a challenge for immunotherapy and future therapies will need to consider this. This review highlights the immunosuppressive mechanisms employed by GBM cancers and examines potential immunotherapeutic treatments that can overcome these significant immunosuppressive hurdles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua R. D. Pearson
- The John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Centre for Health, Ageing and Understanding Disease (CHAUD), School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Stefania Cuzzubbo
- Université de Paris, PARCC, INSERM U970, Paris, France
- Laboratoire de Recherches Biochirurgicales (Fondation Carpentier), Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Simon McArthur
- Institute of Dentistry, Barts & the London School of Medicine & Dentistry, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lindy G. Durrant
- Scancell Ltd, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jason Adhikaree
- Academic Oncology, Nottingham University NHS Trusts, City Hospital Campus, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Chris J. Tinsley
- The John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Centre for Health, Ageing and Understanding Disease (CHAUD), School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - A. Graham Pockley
- The John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Centre for Health, Ageing and Understanding Disease (CHAUD), School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Stephanie E. B. McArdle
- The John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Centre for Health, Ageing and Understanding Disease (CHAUD), School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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27
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Li Y, Wu H, Chen G, Wei X, Wang C, Zhou S, Huang A, Zhang Z, Zhan C, Wu Y, Ying T. Arming Anti-EGFRvIII CAR-T With TGFβ Trap Improves Antitumor Efficacy in Glioma Mouse Models. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1117. [PMID: 32974124 PMCID: PMC7461942 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive malignancy with poor prognosis. New therapeutic strategies for GBM are urgently needed. Although clinical studies have demonstrated the feasibility and safety of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy for GBM, its efficacy has not been that impressive. The major limitation for anti-tumor efficacy of CAR-Ts is the immunosuppressive milieu of the GBM tumor microenvironment (TME). TGFβ, a substantial component in GBM, compromises the immune response and contributes to immune evasion and tumor progression. To overcome this limitation and improve the efficacy of CAR-T cells for GBM, we optimized an EGFRvIII-specific CAR construct with TGFRII ectodomain as a TGFβ-trap and generated TGFβ-resistant CAR-Ts for GBM therapy. We demonstrated that this TGFβ-trapped architecture enhanced anti-tumor efficacy of EGFRvIII-specific CAR-T and prolonged the survival of mice bearing GBM. In addition, the GBM-infiltrated microglia, typically considered tumorigenic, showed increased expression of M1 polarization markers after treatment with the TGFβ-trap CAR-Ts group, indicating that these microglia were polarized toward a pro-inflammatory and anti-tumorigenic phenotype. Overall, these results indicated that arming CAR-T cells with a TGFβ-trap diminishes the immunosuppressive effect and is a potential strategy to improve CAR-T efficacy for GBM therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Li
- MOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huifang Wu
- MOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Chen
- MOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaofan Wei
- School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunyu Wang
- MOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shanshan Zhou
- MOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ailing Huang
- MOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Changyou Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanling Wu
- MOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianlei Ying
- MOE/NHC/CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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28
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DeCordova S, Shastri A, Tsolaki AG, Yasmin H, Klein L, Singh SK, Kishore U. Molecular Heterogeneity and Immunosuppressive Microenvironment in Glioblastoma. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1402. [PMID: 32765498 PMCID: PMC7379131 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive primary brain tumor in adults, with a poor prognosis, despite surgical resection combined with radio- and chemotherapy. The major clinical obstacles contributing to poor GBM prognosis are late diagnosis, diffuse infiltration, pseudo-palisading necrosis, microvascular proliferation, and resistance to conventional therapy. These challenges are further compounded by extensive inter- and intra-tumor heterogeneity and the dynamic plasticity of GBM cells. The complex heterogeneous nature of GBM cells is facilitated by the local inflammatory tumor microenvironment, which mostly induces tumor aggressiveness and drug resistance. An immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment of GBM provides multiple pathways for tumor immune evasion. Infiltrating immune cells, mostly tumor-associated macrophages, comprise much of the non-neoplastic population in GBM. Further understanding of the immune microenvironment of GBM is essential to make advances in the development of immunotherapeutics. Recently, whole-genome sequencing, epigenomics and transcriptional profiling have significantly helped improve the prognostic and therapeutic outcomes of GBM patients. Here, we discuss recent genomic advances, the role of innate and adaptive immune mechanisms, and the presence of an established immunosuppressive GBM microenvironment that suppresses and/or prevents the anti-tumor host response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syreeta DeCordova
- Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Abhishek Shastri
- Central and North West London NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony G Tsolaki
- Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hadida Yasmin
- Immunology and Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Cooch Behar Panchanan Barma University, Cooch Behar, India
| | - Lukas Klein
- Department of Gastroenterology and Gastroenterology Oncology, University Medical Centre, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Shiv K Singh
- Department of Gastroenterology and Gastroenterology Oncology, University Medical Centre, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Uday Kishore
- Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, United Kingdom
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29
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Alban TJ, Bayik D, Otvos B, Rabljenovic A, Leng L, Jia-Shiun L, Roversi G, Lauko A, Momin AA, Mohammadi AM, Peereboom DM, Ahluwalia MS, Matsuda K, Yun K, Bucala R, Vogelbaum MA, Lathia JD. Glioblastoma Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cell Subsets Express Differential Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor Receptor Profiles That Can Be Targeted to Reduce Immune Suppression. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1191. [PMID: 32625208 PMCID: PMC7315581 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of tumor immunotherapy to glioblastoma (GBM) is limited by an unprecedented degree of immune suppression due to factors that include high numbers of immune suppressive myeloid cells, the blood brain barrier, and T cell sequestration to the bone marrow. We previously identified an increase in immune suppressive myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in GBM patients, which correlated with poor prognosis and was dependent on macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF). Here we examine the MIF signaling axis in detail in murine MDSC models, GBM-educated MDSCs and human GBM. We found that the monocytic subset of MDSCs (M-MDSCs) expressed high levels of the MIF cognate receptor CD74 and was localized in the tumor microenvironment. In contrast, granulocytic MDSCs (G-MDSCs) expressed high levels of the MIF non-cognate receptor CXCR2 and showed minimal accumulation in the tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, targeting M-MDSCs with Ibudilast, a brain penetrant MIF-CD74 interaction inhibitor, reduced MDSC function and enhanced CD8 T cell activity in the tumor microenvironment. These findings demonstrate the MDSC subsets differentially express MIF receptors and may be leveraged for specific MDSC targeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler J. Alban
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Defne Bayik
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Balint Otvos
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Cleveland Clinic, Department of Neurosurgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Anja Rabljenovic
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Lin Leng
- Departments of Medicine, Pathology, and Epidemiology & Public Health, Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Leu Jia-Shiun
- Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Gustavo Roversi
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Adam Lauko
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Arbaz A. Momin
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Alireza M. Mohammadi
- Rose Ella Burkhardt Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - David M. Peereboom
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Rose Ella Burkhardt Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Manmeet S. Ahluwalia
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Rose Ella Burkhardt Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | | | - Kyuson Yun
- Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, United States
| | - Richard Bucala
- Departments of Medicine, Pathology, and Epidemiology & Public Health, Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | | | - Justin D. Lathia
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Rose Ella Burkhardt Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
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Matrix protease production, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition marker expression and invasion of glioblastoma cells in response to osmotic or hydrostatic pressure. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2634. [PMID: 32060379 PMCID: PMC7021835 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59462-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Both hydrostatic and osmotic pressures are altered in the tumour microenvironment. Glioblastoma (GBM) is a brain tumour with high invasiveness and poor prognosis. We hypothesized that physical and osmotic forces regulate glioblastoma (GBM) invasiveness. The osmotic pressure of GBM cell culture medium was adjusted using sodium chloride or water. Alternatively, cells were subjected to increased hydrostatic force. The proteolytic profile and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) were investigated using zymography and real-time qPCR. The EMT markers assessed were Snail-1, Snail-2, N-cadherin, Twist and vimentin. Invasion was investigated in vitro using extracellular matrix-coated Transwell inserts. In response to osmotic and mechanical pressure, GBM cell lines U87 and U251 and patient-derived neural oncospheres upregulated the expression of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and/or matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) as well as some of the EMT markers tested. The adherent cell lines invaded more when placed in media of increased osmolality. Therefore, GBM respond to osmotic or mechanical pressure by increasing matrix degrading enzyme production, and adopting a phenotype reminiscent of EMT. Better understanding the molecular and cellular mechanisms by which increased pressure promotes GBM invasiveness may help to develop innovative therapeutic approaches.
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Kaminska B, Cyranowski S. Recent Advances in Understanding Mechanisms of TGF Beta Signaling and Its Role in Glioma Pathogenesis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1202:179-201. [PMID: 32034714 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-30651-9_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signaling is involved in the regulation of proliferation, differentiation and survival/or apoptosis of many cells, including glioma cells. TGF-β acts via specific receptors activating multiple intracellular pathways resulting in phosphorylation of receptor-regulated Smad2/3 proteins that associate with the common mediator, Smad4. Such complex translocates to the nucleus, binds to DNA and regulates transcription of many genes. Furthermore, TGF-β-activated kinase-1 (TAK1) is a component of TGF-β signaling and activates mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades. Negative regulation of TGF-β/Smad signaling may occur through the inhibitory Smad6/7. While genetic alterations in genes related to TGF-β signaling are relatively rare in gliomas, the altered expression of those genes is a frequent event. The increased expression of TGF-β1-3 correlates with a degree of malignancy of human gliomas. TGF-β may contribute to tumor pathogenesis in many ways: by direct support of tumor growth, by maintaining self-renewal of glioma initiating stem cells and inhibiting anti-tumor immunity. Glioma initiating cells are dedifferentiated cells that retain many stem cell-like properties, play a role in tumor initiation and contribute to its recurrence. TGF-β1,2 stimulate expression of the vascular endothelial growth factor as well as the plasminogen activator inhibitor and some metalloproteinases that are involved in vascular remodeling, angiogenesis and degradation of the extracellular matrix. Inhibitors of TGF-β signaling reduce viability and invasion of gliomas in animal models and show a great promise as novel, potential anti-tumor therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bozena Kaminska
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Neurobiology Center, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland. .,Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Salwador Cyranowski
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Neurobiology Center, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.,Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Warsaw Medical University, Warsaw, Poland
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32
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Xiang Y, Zhang Q, Wei S, Huang C, Li Z, Gao Y. Paeoniflorin: a monoterpene glycoside from plants of Paeoniaceae family with diverse anticancer activities. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 72:483-495. [PMID: 31858611 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.13204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Paeoniflorin, a representative pinane monoterpene glycoside in plants of Paeoniaceae family, possesses promising anticancer activities on diverse tumours. This paper summarized the advance of Paeoniflorin on cancers in vivo and in vitro, discussed the related molecular mechanisms, as well as suggested some perspectives of the future investigations. KEY FINDINGS Anticancer activities of paeoniflorin have been comprehensively investigated, including liver cancer, gastric cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, colorectal cancer, glioma, bladder cancer and leukaemia. Furthermore, the potential molecular mechanisms corresponding to the antitumour effects of Paeoniflorin might be related to the following aspects: inhibition of tumour cell proliferation and neovascularization, induction apoptosis, and inhibition of tumour invasion and metastasis. SUMMARY Paeoniflorin has wide spectrum antitumour activities; however, in vivo and clinical investigations on antitumour effect of Paeoniflorin are lacking which should be focused on further studies. Our present review on antitumour effects of Paeoniflorin would be beneficial for the further molecular mechanisms study, candidate antitumour drug development and clinical research of Paeoniflorin in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjing Xiang
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Shujun Wei
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Cong Huang
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhengsheng Li
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Yongxiang Gao
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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Bang-Christensen SR, Pedersen RS, Pereira MA, Clausen TM, Løppke C, Sand NT, Ahrens TD, Jørgensen AM, Lim YC, Goksøyr L, Choudhary S, Gustavsson T, Dagil R, Daugaard M, Sander AF, Torp MH, Søgaard M, Theander TG, Østrup O, Lassen U, Hamerlik P, Salanti A, Agerbæk MØ. Capture and Detection of Circulating Glioma Cells Using the Recombinant VAR2CSA Malaria Protein. Cells 2019; 8:E998. [PMID: 31466397 PMCID: PMC6769911 DOI: 10.3390/cells8090998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Diffuse gliomas are the most common primary malignant brain tumor. Although extracranial metastases are rarely observed, recent studies have shown the presence of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in the blood of glioma patients, confirming that a subset of tumor cells are capable of entering the circulation. The isolation and characterization of CTCs could provide a non-invasive method for repeated analysis of the mutational and phenotypic state of the tumor during the course of disease. However, the efficient detection of glioma CTCs has proven to be challenging due to the lack of consistently expressed tumor markers and high inter- and intra-tumor heterogeneity. Thus, for this field to progress, an omnipresent but specific marker of glioma CTCs is required. In this article, we demonstrate how the recombinant malaria VAR2CSA protein (rVAR2) can be used for the capture and detection of glioma cell lines that are spiked into blood through binding to a cancer-specific oncofetal chondroitin sulfate (ofCS). When using rVAR2 pull-down from glioma cells, we identified a panel of proteoglycans, known to be essential for glioma progression. Finally, the clinical feasibility of this work is supported by the rVAR2-based isolation and detection of CTCs from glioma patient blood samples, which highlights ofCS as a potential clinical target for CTC isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara R Bang-Christensen
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department for Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Disease, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- VarCT Diagnostics, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rasmus S Pedersen
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department for Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Disease, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marina A Pereira
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department for Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Disease, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas M Clausen
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department for Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Disease, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Caroline Løppke
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department for Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Disease, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nicolai T Sand
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department for Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Disease, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Theresa D Ahrens
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department for Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Disease, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Amalie M Jørgensen
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department for Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Disease, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yi Chieh Lim
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Louise Goksøyr
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department for Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Disease, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Swati Choudhary
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department for Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Disease, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tobias Gustavsson
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department for Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Disease, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Robert Dagil
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department for Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Disease, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mads Daugaard
- Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, and Vancouver Prostate Centre, BC V6H 3Z6 Vancouver, Canada
| | - Adam F Sander
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department for Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Disease, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mathias H Torp
- Centre for Genomic Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Max Søgaard
- ExpreS2ion Biotechnologies, SCION-DTU Science Park, 2970 Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Thor G Theander
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department for Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Disease, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Olga Østrup
- Centre for Genomic Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ulrik Lassen
- Department of Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Petra Hamerlik
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ali Salanti
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department for Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Disease, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Mette Ø Agerbæk
- Centre for Medical Parasitology at Department for Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen and Department of Infectious Disease, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Dong J, Meng X, Li S, Chen Q, Shi L, Jiang C, Cai J. Risk of Adverse Vascular Events in Patients with Malignant Glioma Treated with Bevacizumab Plus Irinotecan: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. World Neurosurg 2019; 130:e236-e243. [PMID: 31203059 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2019.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bevacizumab plus irinotecan is a new beneficial chemotherapy strategy for patients with malignant glioma. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to comprehensively assess the risk of adverse vascular events in adults with malignant glioma treated with bevacizumab plus irinotecan. METHODS The Cochrane Library, Embase and PubMed were searched, and relevant trials were identified up to June 2018. Two investigators screened all titles and abstracts for possible inclusion and extracted data independently. Six studies were included, and 5 of them in the control group using bevacizumab alone or bevacizumab with temozolomide. Three systems were used to assess the quality of evidence and the level of recommendation. The Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine Levels of Evidence (2009) system was used to classify the evidence into 5 levels (classes I-V). The star system from the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to assess methodological quality. The GRADE profiler was used to evaluate the overall body of evidence. RESULTS Our data show that bevacizumab plus irinotecan therapy does not significantly affect the risk of systemic adverse events (odds ratio [OR], 1.17; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.43-3.18). Patients treated with bevacizumab plus irinotecan had a similar risk of hematotoxicity (OR, 1.06; 95% CI, 0.26-4.38), thrombocytopenia (OR, 1.07; 95% CI, 0.25-4.63), and hypertension (OR, 1.34; 95% CI, 0.28-6.36) compared with the control group (those treated without irinotecan). Thrombosis occurred more frequently in patients treated with bevacizumab plus irinotecan compared with the control group (OR, 3.23; 95% CI, 1.47-7.12). CONCLUSIONS The risk of systemic adverse events was not significantly different between patients with malignant glioma treated with bevacizumab plus irinotecan and the control group. The risks of hematotoxicity, thrombocytopenia, and hypertension were similar in the 2 groups. The risk of thrombosis was higher in patients treated with bevacizumab plus irinotecan. Monitoring for thrombosis and administering anticoagulant therapy as necessary merit promotion for patients with malignant glioma receiving treatment with bevacizumab plus irinotecan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Neuroscience Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Xiangqi Meng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Neuroscience Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Siyi Li
- Department of Mining and Materials Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Qun Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lei Shi
- Department of Health Management, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Chuanlu Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Neuroscience Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Jinquan Cai
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Neuroscience Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, China.
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Gabriely G, Quintana FJ. Role of AHR in the control of GBM-associated myeloid cells. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 64:13-18. [PMID: 31128300 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive and incurable brain tumor; its malignancy has been associated with the activity of tumor infiltrating myeloid cells. Myeloid cells play important roles in the tumor control by the immune response, but also in tumor progression. Indeed, GBM exploits multiple mechanisms to recruit and modulate myeloid cells. The Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AHR) is a ligand activated transcription factor implicated in the regulation of myeloid cells. In this review, we will summarize current knowledge on the AHR role in the control of myeloid cells and its impact on GBM pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina Gabriely
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Francisco J Quintana
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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36
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Sadeghi Y, Tabatabaei Irani P, Rafiee L, Tajadini M, Amouheidari A, Javanmard SH. Evaluation of rs1982073 polymorphism of transforming growth factor-β1 in glioblastoma. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN MEDICAL SCIENCES 2019; 24:40. [PMID: 31160907 PMCID: PMC6540769 DOI: 10.4103/jrms.jrms_850_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and invasive form of primary malignant brain tumors, with a survival rate of about 1 year. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) plays a very important role in tissue homeostasis and cancers. It seems that polymorphism of T29C (L10P, rs1982073, or rs1800470), which has been studied in various cancers such as breast and colon, creates the significant differences plays an important role in GBM prognosis and treatment. In this study, we evaluated the effect of T29C (rs1982073) polymorphism of TGF-β1 gene in GBM. Materials and Methods This study was conducted on 100 cases of GBM including 47 paraffin-embedded brain tissue samples and 53 blood samples from another 53 GBM patients, who was under therapy, and 150 were controls. The TGF-β rs1982073 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was identified by the NCBI and genotyping was performed by high-resolution melt (HRM) assay. Melt curves from HRM which suspected to SNP were selected and subjected to direct sequencing. Finally, the collected data were entered into the SPSS software (Version. 20) and mean ± standard deviation or n (%) was used to show the data. Results The mean age in GBM group was 51.63 ± 13.27 years. Accordingly, the two groups were matched in terms of age and gender (P > 0.05). The frequency of GG genotype was significantly higher in GBM patients. In contrast, although the frequency of AG genotype was higher in GBM group, it was not statistically significant. Furthermore, the presence of G allele was significantly more frequent than A allele in GBM patients. Conclusion Findings of the present study supports that the Pro10Leu, rs1982073, or rs1800470 SNP in TGF-β1 is found to be expressed significantly more in GBM patients as it was found in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasaman Sadeghi
- General Medicine, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Pouya Tabatabaei Irani
- General Medicine, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Laleh Rafiee
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan, Iran.,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohamadhasan Tajadini
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Alireza Amouheidari
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan, Iran.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Isfahan Milad Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shaghayegh Haghjooy Javanmard
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan, Iran.,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Golyan FF, Abbaszadegan MR, Forghanifard MM. TWIST1, MMP-21, and HLAG-1 co-overexpression is associated with ESCC aggressiveness. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:14838-14846. [PMID: 31016793 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most aggressive types of cancer, requiring reliable biomarkers for prognosis and therapeutic responsiveness. TWIST1, as an important factor responsible for metastasis of several cancers, is involved in tumor invasion and metastasis through indirectly regulation of MMP-21 expression. On the other hand, NF-ĸβ which is a regulator of HLAG-1 has direct interaction with TWIST1 protein. In this retrospective study we investigated the clinical significance of TWIST1, MMP-21, and HLAG-1 expression in ESCC, and the possible correlation between these genes and progression of the disease. The gene expression analyses of TWIST1, MMP-21, and HLA-G1 were performed by relative comparative real-time polymerase chain reaction in 58 ESCCs compared with corresponding margin-normal esophageal tissues. Significant overexpression of HLAG-1, TWIST1, and MMP-21 messenger RNA was observed in 22.4%, 41.4%, and 60.3% of tumor samples, respectively. Concomitant overexpression of TWIST1/MMP-21 and TWIST1/HLAG-1 were significantly correlated to each other in various clinicopathological features, including depth of tumor invasion, stage of tumor progression, lymphatic invasion, and grade of tumor cell differentiation ( P < 0.05). The current study is the first report of coexpression of TWIST1, MMP-21, and HLAG-1 in ESCC. Such findings suggest an oncogenic role for concomitant expression of these genes in ESCC invasion and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Fardi Golyan
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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38
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A Characterization of Dendritic Cells and Their Role in Immunotherapy in Glioblastoma: From Preclinical Studies to Clinical Trials. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11040537. [PMID: 30991681 PMCID: PMC6521200 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11040537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and fatal primary central nervous system malignancy in adults with a median survival of less than 15 months. Surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy are the standard of care and provide modest benefits in survival, but tumor recurrence is inevitable. The poor prognosis of GBM has made the development of novel therapies targeting GBM of paramount importance. Immunotherapy via dendritic cells (DCs) has garnered attention and research as a potential strategy to boost anti-tumor immunity in recent years. As the “professional” antigen processing and presenting cells, DCs play a key role in the initiation of anti-tumor immune responses. Pre-clinical studies in GBM have shown long-term tumor survival and immunological memory in murine models with stimulation of DC activity with various antigens and costimulatory molecules. Phase I and II clinical trials of DC vaccines in GBM have demonstrated some efficacy in improving the median overall survival with minimal to no toxicity with promising initial results from the first Phase III trial. However, there remains no standardization of vaccines in terms of which antigens are used to pulse DCs ex vivo, sites of DC injection, and optimal adjuvant therapies. Future work with DC vaccines aims to elucidate the efficacy of DC-based therapy alone or in combination with other immunotherapy adjuvants in additional Phase III trials.
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Neferine inhibits proliferation, migration and invasion of U251 glioma cells by down-regulation of miR-10b. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 109:1032-1040. [PMID: 30551353 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.10.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioma is a common brain tumor, which is a serious threat to the life and health of human with high mortality rate. Recently, neferine (NEF) has been reported to play an important role in various cancers. In the study, we aimed to investigate the effect of NEF on human glioma cell line U251. METHODS U251 cells were pre-treated with different concentrations of NEF, and then CCK-8, BrdU, flow cytometry and transwell assays were used to test cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion. Subsequently, the expression vectors of miR-10b mimic and miR-10b inhibitor were transfected into U251 cells, and the relative expression of miR-10b was examined by qRT-PCR. The main proteins of CyclinD1/p53/p16, pro-Caspase-3/-9, cleaved-Caspase-3/-9, MMP-9, Vimentin, PTEN/PI3K/AKT and p38MAPK signal pathways were determined by western blot assay. RESULTS NEF significantly suppressed cell proliferation, and induced apoptosis, as well as regulated CyclinD1, p53, p16 and cleaved-Caspase-3/-9 expressions in U251 cells. Moreover, NEF inhibited cell migration, invasion and decreased MMP-9 and Vimentin expression in U251 cells. Additionally, miR-10b expression was down-regulated in NEF-stimulated cells, and overexpression of miR-10b reversed the regulatory effects of NEF on U251 cells proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis. Additionally, we found that PTEN was a direct target of miR-10b in U251 cells. Besides, NEF deactivated PTEN/PI3K/AKT and p38MAPK signal pathways by down-regulation of miR-10b in U251 cells. CONCLUSIONS These results suggested that NEF exerted anti-tumor effect by down-regulation of miR-10b and deactivation of PTEN/PI3K/AKT and p38MAPK signal pathways in glioma cells. These findings might provide a novel therapeutic strategy for glioma.
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Yang HC, Wang JY, Bu XY, Yang B, Wang BQ, Hu S, Yan ZY, Gao YS, Han SY, Qu MQ. Resveratrol restores sensitivity of glioma cells to temozolamide through inhibiting the activation of Wnt signaling pathway. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:6783-6800. [PMID: 30317578 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Malignant gliomas are aggressive primary neoplasms that originate in the glial cells of the brain or the spine with notable resistance to standard treatment options. We carried out the study with the aim to shed light on the sensitization of resveratrol to temozolomide (TMZ) against glioma through the Wnt signaling pathway. Initially, glioma cell lines with strong resistance to TMZ were selected by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Then, the glioma cells were subjected to resveratrol, TMZ, Wnt signaling pathway inhibitors, and activators. Cell survival rate and inhibitory concentration at half maximum value were detected by MTT, apoptosis by flow cytometry, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling staining, in vitro proliferation by hanging drop method and β-catenin translocation into nuclei by TOP/FOP-FLASH assay. The expressions of the Wnt signaling pathway-related and apoptosis-related factors were determined by western blot analysis. Nude mice with glioma xenograft were established to detect tumorigenic ability. Glioma cell lines T98G and U138 which were highly resistant to TMZ were selected for subsequent experiments. Resveratrol increased the efficacy of TMZ by restraining cell proliferation, tumor growth, and promoting cell apoptosis in glioma cells. Resveratrol inhibited Wnt2 and β-catenin expressions yet elevated GSK-3β expression. Moreover, the Wnt signaling pathway participates in the sensitivity enhancing of resveratrol to TMZ via regulating O 6 -methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) expression. Resveratrol sensitized TMZ-induced glioma cell apoptosis by repressing the activation of the Wnt signaling pathway and downregulating MGMT expression, which may confer new thoughts to the chemotherapy of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Chao Yang
- School of Basic Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jun-Yi Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xing-Yao Bu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital (People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University), Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bin Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital (People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University), Zhengzhou, China
| | - Bang-Qing Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital (People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University), Zhengzhou, China
| | - Sen Hu
- School of Basic Medicine, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhao-Yue Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital (People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University), Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yu-Shuai Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital (People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University), Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shuang-Yin Han
- Department of Gastroenterology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital (People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University), Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ming-Qi Qu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henan Provincial People's Hospital (People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University), Zhengzhou, China
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Ordoni Aval F, Askarian Amiri S, Azadmehr A, Oladnabi M, Saadat P, Ebrahimi H, Baradaran B, Mansoori B, Pourabdolhossein F, Torabian P, Hajiahmadi M. Gene Silencing of TGFβRII Can Inhibit Glioblastoma Cell Growth. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2018; 19:2681-2686. [PMID: 30256570 PMCID: PMC6249455 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2018.19.9.2681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most malignant and aggressive type of glioma, associated with a high rate
of mortality. The transforming growth factor-β receptor II (TGFβ RII) is involved in glioma initiation and progression.
On the other hand, TGFβ RII silencing is critical to the inhibition of GBM. Therefore, we aimed to determine the
effects of specific TGFβ RII siRNA on the survival of U-373MG cells. Methods: TGFβ RII siRNA was transfected,
and qRT-PCR was performed to examine TGFβ RII mRNA expression. Cell survival was determined using colorimetric
MTT assay, and platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) level was measured in the culture supernatant using
ELISA assay. Result: Our findings indicated that specific siRNAs could dose-dependently suppress TGFβ RII mRNA
expression after 48 hours. In addition, treatment with TGFβ RII siRNA significantly reduced tumor cell survival and
decreased the amount of PDGF-BB protein in the cell culture supernatant. Conclusion: Our results suggest that TGFβ
RII silencing can be a promising complementary treatment for glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzane Ordoni Aval
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Also owing to the limited efficacy of targeted therapies, there has been a renewed interest in targeting gliomas with immunotherapy. But despite considerable efforts using sophisticated approaches, proof of efficacy beyond case studies is still lacking. The purpose of this review is to summarize and discuss current immunotherapeutic approaches and efforts to understand mechanisms of response and resistance. RECENT FINDINGS The recent failure of large randomized clinical trials using targeted vaccines and checkpoint inhibitors to improve clinical outcome have underlined the grand challenges in this therapeutic arena and illustrated the necessity to understand the biology of immunotherapeutic interventions before conducting large randomized studies. However, these failures should not distract us from continuing to optimize immunotherapeutic concepts. The recent developments in transgenic T cell technologies and personalized vaccines but also rational combinatorial approaches offer tremendous opportunities and should be exploited carefully in early scientifically driven clinical trials. SUMMARY A profound understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of response and resistance to immunotherapy to be gained from these thoroughly designed clinical trials will be essential to carve out successful strategies in selected patient populations.
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Li X, Lan X, Wang G, Liu Y, Zhao K, Lu SZ, Xu XX, Shi GG, Ye K, Zhang BR, Zhao YM, Han HQ, Du CG, Ichim TE, Wang H. Skin Allografting Activates Anti-tumor Immunity and Suppresses Growth of Colon Cancer in Mice. Transl Oncol 2018; 11:890-899. [PMID: 29793087 PMCID: PMC6041562 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2018.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: The tumor cells could escape from the immune elimination through the immunoediting mechanisms including the generation of immunosuppressive or immunoregulative cells. By contrast, allograft transplantation could activate the immune system and induce a strong allogenic response. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of allogenic skin transplantation in the inhibition of tumor growth through the activation of allogenic immune response. METHODS: Full-thickness skin transplantation was performed from C57BL/6 (H-2b) donors to BALB/c (H-2d) recipients that were receiving subcutaneous injection of isogenic CT26 colon cancer cells (2 × 106 cells) at the same time. The tumor size and pathological changes, cell populations and cytokine profiles were evaluated at day 14 post-transplantation. RESULTS: The results showed that as compared to non-transplant group, the allogenic immune response in the skin-grafting group inhibited the growth of tumors, which was significantly associated with increased numbers of intra-tumor infiltrating lymphocytes, increased populations of CD11c+MHC-classII+CD86+ DCs, CD3+CD4+ T cells, CD3+CD8+ T cells, and CD19+ B cells, as well as decreased percentage of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T cells in the spleens. In addition, the levels of serum IgM and IgG, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interferon (IFN)-γ were significantly higher within the tumor in skin transplant groups than that in non-transplant group. CONCLUSIONS: Allogenic skin transplantation suppresses the tumor growth through activating the allogenic immune response, and it may provide a new immunotherapy option for the clinical refractory tumor treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Xu Lan
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Grace Wang
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Genetics, College of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ke Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Shan-Zheng Lu
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, People's Hospital of Hunan Province, First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xiao-Xi Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Gang-Gang Shi
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Kui Ye
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin, China; Department of Vascular Surgery, Tianjin Fourth Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Bao-Ren Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Yi-Ming Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Hong-Qiu Han
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Cai-Gan Du
- Department of Urologic Sciences, the University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Immunity and Infection Research Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Hao Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; Tianjin General Surgery Institute, Tianjin, China.
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Mesenchymal stem cells enhance tumorigenic properties of human glioblastoma through independent cell-cell communication mechanisms. Oncotarget 2018; 9:24766-24777. [PMID: 29872504 PMCID: PMC5973871 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) display tumor tropism and have been addressed as vehicles for delivery of anti-cancer agents. As cellular components of the tumor microenvironment, MSC also influence tumor progression. However, the contribution of MSC in brain cancer is not well understood since either oncogenic or tumor suppressor effects have been reported for these cells. Here, MSC were found capable of stimulating human Glioblastoma (GBM) cell proliferation through a paracrine effect mediated by TGFB1. Moreover, when in direct cell-cell contact with GBM cells, MSC elicited an increased proliferative and invasive tumor cell behavior under 3D conditions, as well as accelerated tumor development in nude mice, independently of paracrine TGFB1. A secretome profiling of MSC-GBM co-cultures identified 126 differentially expressed proteins and 10 proteins exclusively detected under direct cell-cell contact conditions. Most of these proteins are exosome cargos and are involved in cell motility and tissue development. These results indicate a dynamic interaction between MSC and GBM cells, favoring aggressive tumor cell traits through alternative and independent mechanisms. Overall, these findings indicate that MSC may exert pro-tumorigenic effects when in close contact with tumor cells, which must be carefully considered when employing MSC in targeted cell therapy protocols against cancer.
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Migration/Invasion of Malignant Gliomas and Implications for Therapeutic Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19041115. [PMID: 29642503 PMCID: PMC5979613 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) are among cancers with the poorest prognosis, indicated by their association with tumors of high-level morbidity and mortality. Gliomas, the most common primary CNS tumors that arise from neuroglial stem or progenitor cells, have estimated annual incidence of 6.6 per 100,000 individuals in the USA, and 3.5 per 100,000 individuals in Taiwan. Tumor invasion and metastasis are the major contributors to the deaths in cancer patients. Therapeutic goals including cancer stem cells (CSC), phenotypic shifts, EZH2/AXL/TGF-β axis activation, miRNAs and exosomes are relevant to GBM metastasis to develop novel targeted therapeutics for GBM and other brain cancers. Herein, we highlight tumor metastasis in our understanding of gliomas, and illustrate novel exosome therapeutic approaches in glioma, thereby paving the way towards innovative therapies in neuro-oncology.
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46
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Paeoniflorin Inhibits Migration and Invasion of Human Glioblastoma Cells via Suppression Transforming Growth Factor β-Induced Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition. Neurochem Res 2018; 43:760-774. [PMID: 29423667 PMCID: PMC5842263 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-018-2478-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Paeoniflorin (PF) is a polyphenolic compound derived from Radix Paeoniae Alba thathas anti-cancer activities in a variety of human malignancies including glioblastoma. However, the underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), characterized as losing cell polarity, plays an essential role in tumor invasion and metastasis. TGFβ, a key member of transforming growth factors, has been demonstrated to contribute to glioblastoma aggressiveness through inducing EMT. Therefore, the present studies aim to investigate whether PF suppresses the expression of TGFβ and inhibits EMT that plays an important role in anti-glioblastoma. We found that PF dose-dependently downregulates the expression of TGFβ, enhances apoptosis, reduces cell proliferation, migration and invasion in three human glioblastoma cell lines (U87, U251, T98G). These effects are enhanced in TGFβ siRNA treated cells and abolished in cells transfected with TGFβ lentiviruses. In addition, other EMT markers such as snail, vimentin and N-cadherin were suppressed by PF in these cell lines and in BALB/c nude mice injected with U87 cells. The expression of MMP2/9, EMT markers, are also dose-dependently reduced in PF treated cells and in U87 xenograft mouse model. Moreover, the tumor sizes are reduced by PF treatment while there is no change in body weight. These results indicate that PF is a potential novel drug target for the treatment of glioblastoma by suppression of TGFβ signaling pathway and inhibition of EMT.
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47
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Mehta S, Lo Cascio C. Developmentally regulated signaling pathways in glioma invasion. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:385-402. [PMID: 28821904 PMCID: PMC5765207 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2608-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Malignant gliomas are the most common, infiltrative, and lethal primary brain tumors affecting the adult population. The grim prognosis for this disease is due to a combination of the presence of highly invasive tumor cells that escape surgical resection and the presence of a population of therapy-resistant cancer stem cells found within these tumors. Several studies suggest that glioma cells have cleverly hijacked the normal developmental program of neural progenitor cells, including their transcriptional programs, to enhance gliomagenesis. In this review, we summarize the role of developmentally regulated signaling pathways that have been found to facilitate glioma growth and invasion. Furthermore, we discuss how the microenvironment and treatment-induced perturbations of these highly interconnected signaling networks can trigger a shift in cellular phenotype and tumor subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shwetal Mehta
- Division of Neurobiology, Barrow Brain Tumor Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA.
| | - Costanza Lo Cascio
- Division of Neurobiology, Barrow Brain Tumor Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, AZ, 85013, USA
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48
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Kamran N, Alghamri MS, Nunez FJ, Shah D, Asad AS, Candolfi M, Altshuler D, Lowenstein PR, Castro MG. Current state and future prospects of immunotherapy for glioma. Immunotherapy 2018; 10:317-339. [PMID: 29421984 PMCID: PMC5810852 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2017-0122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a large unmet need for effective therapeutic approaches for glioma, the most malignant brain tumor. Clinical and preclinical studies have enormously expanded our knowledge about the molecular aspects of this deadly disease and its interaction with the host immune system. In this review we highlight the wide array of immunotherapeutic interventions that are currently being tested in glioma patients. Given the molecular heterogeneity, tumor immunoediting and the profound immunosuppression that characterize glioma, it has become clear that combinatorial approaches targeting multiple pathways tailored to the genetic signature of the tumor will be required in order to achieve optimal therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Kamran
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Michigan School of Medicine, MSRB II, RM 4570C, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5689, USA
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, The University of Michigan School of Medicine, MSRB II, RM 4570C, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5689, USA
| | - Mahmoud S Alghamri
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Michigan School of Medicine, MSRB II, RM 4570C, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5689, USA
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, The University of Michigan School of Medicine, MSRB II, RM 4570C, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5689, USA
| | - Felipe J Nunez
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Michigan School of Medicine, MSRB II, RM 4570C, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5689, USA
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, The University of Michigan School of Medicine, MSRB II, RM 4570C, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5689, USA
| | - Diana Shah
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Michigan School of Medicine, MSRB II, RM 4570C, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5689, USA
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, The University of Michigan School of Medicine, MSRB II, RM 4570C, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5689, USA
| | - Antonela S Asad
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marianela Candolfi
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CONICET-UBA), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - David Altshuler
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Michigan School of Medicine, MSRB II, RM 4570C, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5689, USA
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, The University of Michigan School of Medicine, MSRB II, RM 4570C, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5689, USA
| | - Pedro R Lowenstein
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Michigan School of Medicine, MSRB II, RM 4570C, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5689, USA
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, The University of Michigan School of Medicine, MSRB II, RM 4570C, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5689, USA
| | - Maria G Castro
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Michigan School of Medicine, MSRB II, RM 4570C, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5689, USA
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, The University of Michigan School of Medicine, MSRB II, RM 4570C, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5689, USA
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Daoud G, Monzer A, Bahmad H, Chamaa F, Hamdar L, Mouhieddine TH, Shayya S, Eid A, Kobeissy F, Liu YN, Abou-Kheir W. Primary versus castration-resistant prostate cancer: modeling through novel murine prostate cancer cell lines. Oncotarget 2018; 7:28961-75. [PMID: 27036046 PMCID: PMC5045370 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell lines representing the progression of prostate cancer (PC) from an androgen-dependent to an androgen-independent state are scarce. In this study, we used previously characterized prostate luminal epithelial cell line (Plum), under androgen influence, to establish cellular models of PC progression. Cells derived from orthotopic tumors have been isolated to develop an androgen-dependent (PLum-AD) versus an androgen-independent (PLum-AI) model. Upon immunofluorescent, qRT-PCR and Western blot analyses, PLum-AD cells mostly expressed prostate epithelial markers while PLum-AI cells expressed mesenchymal cell markers. Interestingly, both cell lines maintained a population of stem/progenitor cells. Furthermore, our data suggest that both cell lines are tumorigenic; PLum-AD resulted in an adenocarcinoma whereas PLum-AI resulted in a sarcomatoid carcinoma when transplanted subcutaneously in NOD-SCID mice. Finally, gene expression profiles showed enrichment in functions involved in cell migration, apoptosis, as well as neoplasm invasiveness and metastasis in PLum-AI cells. In conclusion, these data suggest that the newly isolated cell lines represent a new in vitro model of androgen-dependent and –independent PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georges Daoud
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Alissar Monzer
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hisham Bahmad
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Farah Chamaa
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Layal Hamdar
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Tarek H Mouhieddine
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Sami Shayya
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Assaad Eid
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Firas Kobeissy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Yen-Nien Liu
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wassim Abou-Kheir
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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50
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Caponegro MD, Miyauchi JT, Tsirka SE. Contributions of immune cell populations in the maintenance, progression, and therapeutic modalities of glioma. AIMS ALLERGY AND IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 2:24-44. [PMID: 32914058 PMCID: PMC7480949 DOI: 10.3934/allergy.2018.1.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapies are becoming a promising strategy for malignant disease. Selectively directing host immune responses to target cancerous tissue is a milestone of human health care. The roles of the innate and adaptive immune systems in both cancer progression and elimination are now being realized. Defining the immune cell environment and identifying the contributions of each sub-population of these cells has lead to an understanding of the immunotherapeutic processes, and demonstrated the potential of the immune system to drive cancer shrinkage and sustained immunity against disease. Poorly treated diseases, such as high-grade glioma, suffer from lack of therapeutic efficacy and rapid progression. Immunotherapeutic success in other solid malignancies, such as melanoma, now provides the principals for which this treatment paradigm can be adapted for primary brain cancers. The central nervous system is complex, and relative contributions of immune sub-populations to high grade glioma progression are not fully characterized. Here, we summarize recent research in both animal and humans which add to the knowledge base of how innate and adaptive immune cells contribute to glioma progression, and outline work which has demonstrated their potential to elicit anti-tumorigenic responses. Additionally, we highlight Neuropilin 1, a cell surface receptor protein, describe its signaling functions in the context of immunity, and point to its potential to slow glioma progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Caponegro
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, BioMedical Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Jeremy Tetsuo Miyauchi
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, BioMedical Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Stella E Tsirka
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, BioMedical Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
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