1
|
M.tb-Rv2462c of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Shows Chaperone-like Activity and Plays a Role in Stress Adaptation and Immunomodulation. BIOLOGY 2022; 12:biology12010069. [PMID: 36671761 PMCID: PMC9855790 DOI: 10.3390/biology12010069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb)-encoded factors protect it against host-generated stresses and support its survival in the hostile host environment. M.tb possesses two peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerases and a probable trigger factor encoded by Rv2462c which has an FKBP-like PPIase domain. PPIases are known to assist the folding of peptidyl-prolyl bonds and are involved in various cellular processes important for bacterial survival in host-generated stresses. In this study, we aim to functionally characterize Rv2462c of M.tb. Our data suggest that the trigger factor of M.tb exhibits chaperone activity both in vitro and in vivo. Heterologous expression of M.tb-Rv2462c locus into Mycobacterium smegmatis enhanced its survival within macrophages, adaptation to oxidative stress and biofilm formation. M.tb-trigger factor has strong immunomodulatory potential and modifies the cytokine profile of the host towards the proinflammatory axis.
Collapse
|
2
|
Borah K, Xu Y, McFadden J. Dissecting Host-Pathogen Interactions in TB Using Systems-Based Omic Approaches. Front Immunol 2021; 12:762315. [PMID: 34795672 PMCID: PMC8593131 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.762315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a devastating infectious disease that kills over a million people every year. There is an increasing burden of multi drug resistance (MDR) and extensively drug resistance (XDR) TB. New and improved therapies are urgently needed to overcome the limitations of current treatment. The causative agent, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is one of the most successful pathogens that can manipulate host cell environment for adaptation, evading immune defences, virulence, and pathogenesis of TB infection. Host-pathogen interaction is important to establish infection and it involves a complex set of processes. Metabolic cross talk between the host and pathogen is a facet of TB infection and has been an important topic of research where there is growing interest in developing therapies and drugs that target these interactions and metabolism of the pathogen in the host. Mtb scavenges multiple nutrient sources from the host and has adapted its metabolism to survive in the intracellular niche. Advancements in systems-based omic technologies have been successful to unravel host-pathogen interactions in TB. In this review we discuss the application and usefulness of omics in TB research that provides promising interventions for developing anti-TB therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khushboo Borah
- School of Biosciences and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Johnjoe McFadden
- School of Biosciences and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Miyamoto Y, Tsukamoto Y, Maeda Y, Tamura T, Mukai T, Ato M, Makino M. Production of antibiotic resistance gene-free urease-deficient recombinant BCG that secretes antigenic protein applicable for practical use in tuberculosis vaccination. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2021; 129:102105. [PMID: 34186276 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2021.102105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium bovis BCG has been the only practical vaccine for tuberculosis. However, BCG cannot fully prevent adult pulmonary tuberculosis. Therefore, the improvement of BCG vaccine is necessary. We previously produced recombinant (r) BCG (BCG-PEST) for the better control of tuberculosis. BCG-PEST was developed by introducing PEST-Heat Shock Protein (HSP)70-Major Membrane Protein (MMP)-II-PEST fusion gene into urease-deficient rBCG using antibiotic-resistant gene for the selection of rBCG. HSP70-MMPII fusion protein is highly immunogenic and PEST sequence was added to enhance processing of the fusion protein. Although BCG-PEST effectively inhibited intrapulmonary growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), BCG with antibiotic-resistant gene is not appropriate for human use. Therefore, we produced antibiotic-resistant gene-free rBCG. We generated leucine-biosynthetic gene (leuD)-deficient BCG and introduced the fusion gene with leuD as the selection marker and named this rBCG as BCG-LeuPH. BCG-LeuPH activated human naïve T cells of both CD4 and CD8 subsets and efficiently inhibited aerosol-challenged MTB in mice. These results indicate that leuD can replace antibiotic-resistant gene for the selection of vaccine candidates of rBCG for human use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Miyamoto
- Department of Mycobacteriology, Leprosy Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-2-1 Aobacho, Higashimurayama, Tokyo, 189-0002, Japan
| | - Yumiko Tsukamoto
- Department of Mycobacteriology, Leprosy Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-2-1 Aobacho, Higashimurayama, Tokyo, 189-0002, Japan.
| | - Yumi Maeda
- Department of Mycobacteriology, Leprosy Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-2-1 Aobacho, Higashimurayama, Tokyo, 189-0002, Japan
| | - Toshiki Tamura
- Department of Mycobacteriology, Leprosy Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-2-1 Aobacho, Higashimurayama, Tokyo, 189-0002, Japan
| | - Tetsu Mukai
- Department of Mycobacteriology, Leprosy Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-2-1 Aobacho, Higashimurayama, Tokyo, 189-0002, Japan
| | - Manabu Ato
- Department of Mycobacteriology, Leprosy Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-2-1 Aobacho, Higashimurayama, Tokyo, 189-0002, Japan
| | - Masahiko Makino
- Department of Mycobacteriology, Leprosy Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-2-1 Aobacho, Higashimurayama, Tokyo, 189-0002, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kim JS, Cho E, Mun SJ, Kim S, Kim SY, Kim DG, Son W, Jeon HI, Kim HK, Jeong YJ, Jang S, Kim HS, Yang CS. Multi-Functional MPT Protein as a Therapeutic Agent against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9050545. [PMID: 34068051 PMCID: PMC8152475 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9050545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB), avoids the host immune system through its virulence factors. MPT63 and MPT64 are the virulence factors secreted by MTB which regulate host proteins for the survival and proliferation of MTB in the host. Here, we found that MPT63 bound directly with TBK1 and p47phox, whereas MPT64 interacted with TBK1 and HK2. We constructed a MPT63/64-derived multifunctional recombinant protein (rMPT) that was able to interact with TBK1, p47phox, or HK2. rMPT was shown to regulate IFN-β levels and increase inflammation and concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS), while targeting macrophages and killing MTB, both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, the identification of the role of rMPT against MTB was achieved via vaccination in a mouse model. Taken together, we here present rMPT, which, by regulating important immune signaling systems, can be considered an effective vaccine or therapeutic agent against MTB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Sung Kim
- Department of Bionano Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul 04673, Korea; (J.-S.K.); (E.C.); (S.-J.M.); (S.-Y.K.)
- Institute of Natural Science & Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Korea
| | - Euni Cho
- Department of Bionano Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul 04673, Korea; (J.-S.K.); (E.C.); (S.-J.M.); (S.-Y.K.)
- Center for Bionano Intelligence Education and Research, Ansan 15588, Korea; (W.S.); (H.-I.J.); (H.-K.K.); (Y.-J.J.); (S.J.)
| | - Seok-Jun Mun
- Department of Bionano Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul 04673, Korea; (J.-S.K.); (E.C.); (S.-J.M.); (S.-Y.K.)
- Center for Bionano Intelligence Education and Research, Ansan 15588, Korea; (W.S.); (H.-I.J.); (H.-K.K.); (Y.-J.J.); (S.J.)
| | - Sojin Kim
- Department of Molecular and Life Science, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Korea; (S.K.); (D.-G.K.)
| | - Sun-Young Kim
- Department of Bionano Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul 04673, Korea; (J.-S.K.); (E.C.); (S.-J.M.); (S.-Y.K.)
| | - Dong-Gyu Kim
- Department of Molecular and Life Science, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Korea; (S.K.); (D.-G.K.)
| | - Wooic Son
- Center for Bionano Intelligence Education and Research, Ansan 15588, Korea; (W.S.); (H.-I.J.); (H.-K.K.); (Y.-J.J.); (S.J.)
- Department of Molecular and Life Science, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Korea; (S.K.); (D.-G.K.)
| | - Hye-In Jeon
- Center for Bionano Intelligence Education and Research, Ansan 15588, Korea; (W.S.); (H.-I.J.); (H.-K.K.); (Y.-J.J.); (S.J.)
- Department of Molecular and Life Science, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Korea; (S.K.); (D.-G.K.)
| | - Hyo-Keun Kim
- Center for Bionano Intelligence Education and Research, Ansan 15588, Korea; (W.S.); (H.-I.J.); (H.-K.K.); (Y.-J.J.); (S.J.)
- Department of Molecular and Life Science, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Korea; (S.K.); (D.-G.K.)
| | - Young-Jin Jeong
- Center for Bionano Intelligence Education and Research, Ansan 15588, Korea; (W.S.); (H.-I.J.); (H.-K.K.); (Y.-J.J.); (S.J.)
- Department of Molecular and Life Science, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Korea; (S.K.); (D.-G.K.)
| | - Sein Jang
- Center for Bionano Intelligence Education and Research, Ansan 15588, Korea; (W.S.); (H.-I.J.); (H.-K.K.); (Y.-J.J.); (S.J.)
- Department of Molecular and Life Science, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Korea; (S.K.); (D.-G.K.)
| | - Hyun-Sung Kim
- Department of Pathology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul 04673, Korea;
| | - Chul-Su Yang
- Center for Bionano Intelligence Education and Research, Ansan 15588, Korea; (W.S.); (H.-I.J.); (H.-K.K.); (Y.-J.J.); (S.J.)
- Department of Molecular and Life Science, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Korea; (S.K.); (D.-G.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-400-5519; Fax: +82-31-436-8153
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Macalino SJY, Billones JB, Organo VG, Carrillo MCO. In Silico Strategies in Tuberculosis Drug Discovery. Molecules 2020; 25:E665. [PMID: 32033144 PMCID: PMC7037728 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a serious threat to global public health, responsible for an estimated 1.5 million mortalities in 2018. While there are available therapeutics for this infection, slow-acting drugs, poor patient compliance, drug toxicity, and drug resistance require the discovery of novel TB drugs. Discovering new and more potent antibiotics that target novel TB protein targets is an attractive strategy towards controlling the global TB epidemic. In silico strategies can be applied at multiple stages of the drug discovery paradigm to expedite the identification of novel anti-TB therapeutics. In this paper, we discuss the current TB treatment, emergence of drug resistance, and the effective application of computational tools to the different stages of TB drug discovery when combined with traditional biochemical methods. We will also highlight the strengths and points of improvement in in silico TB drug discovery research, as well as possible future perspectives in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephani Joy Y. Macalino
- Chemistry Department, De La Salle University, 2401 Taft Avenue, Manila 0992, Philippines;
- OVPAA-EIDR Program, “Computer-Aided Discovery of Compounds for the Treatment of Tuberculosis in the Philippines”, Department of Physical Sciences and Mathematics, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila 1000, Philippines; (V.G.O.); (M.C.O.C.)
| | - Junie B. Billones
- OVPAA-EIDR Program, “Computer-Aided Discovery of Compounds for the Treatment of Tuberculosis in the Philippines”, Department of Physical Sciences and Mathematics, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila 1000, Philippines; (V.G.O.); (M.C.O.C.)
| | - Voltaire G. Organo
- OVPAA-EIDR Program, “Computer-Aided Discovery of Compounds for the Treatment of Tuberculosis in the Philippines”, Department of Physical Sciences and Mathematics, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila 1000, Philippines; (V.G.O.); (M.C.O.C.)
| | - Maria Constancia O. Carrillo
- OVPAA-EIDR Program, “Computer-Aided Discovery of Compounds for the Treatment of Tuberculosis in the Philippines”, Department of Physical Sciences and Mathematics, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila 1000, Philippines; (V.G.O.); (M.C.O.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Luo L, Li X, Hu X, Hu C, Tang W, Deng S, Feng J. Anaphylatoxins Enhance Recruitment of Nonclassical Monocytes via Chemokines Produced by Pleural Mesothelial Cells in Tuberculous Pleural Effusion. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2019; 60:454-464. [PMID: 30422670 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2018-0075oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we sought to elucidate the mechanisms by which monocytes migrate into the pleural space in the presence of anaphylatoxins in tuberculous pleural effusion (TPE). Monocytes in both pleural effusion and blood were counted, and their phenotypic characteristics were analyzed. Activation of the complement system was detected in TPE. The effects of Mpt64 and anaphylatoxins on the production of chemokines in pleural mesothelial cells (PMCs) were measured. The chemoattractant activity of chemokines produced by PMCs for monocytes was observed. Levels of CD14+CD16+ monocytes were significantly higher in TPE than in blood. Three pathways of the complement system were activated in TPE. C3a-C3aR1, C5a-C5aR1, CCL2-CCR2, CCL7-CCR2, and CX3CL1-CX3CR1 were coexpressed in PMCs and monocytes isolated from TPE. Moreover, we initially found that Mpt64 stimulated the expression of C3a and C5a in PMCs. C3a and C5a not only induced CCL2, CCL7, and CX3CL1 expression in PMCs but also stimulated production of IL-1β, IL-17, and IL-27 in monocytes. C3a and C5a stimulated PMCs to secrete CCL2, CCL7, and CX3CL1, which recruited CD14+CD16+ monocytes to the pleural cavity. As a result, the infiltration of CD14+CD16+ monocytes engaged in the pathogenesis of TPE by excessive production of inflammatory cytokines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisha Luo
- 1 Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Site of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; and
| | - Xiaozhao Li
- 2 Department of Nephrology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xinyue Hu
- 1 Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Site of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; and
| | - Chengping Hu
- 1 Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Site of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; and
| | - Wei Tang
- 1 Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Site of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; and
| | - Shuanglinzi Deng
- 1 Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Site of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; and
| | - Juntao Feng
- 1 Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Site of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; and
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Meza AN, Cambui CCN, Moreno ACR, Fessel MR, Balan A. Mycobacterium tuberculosis CysA2 is a dual sulfurtransferase with activity against thiosulfate and 3-mercaptopyruvate and interacts with mammalian cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16791. [PMID: 31727914 PMCID: PMC6856128 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53069-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyanide is a toxic compound that is converted to the non-toxic thiocyanate by a rhodanese enzyme. Rhodaneses belong to the family of transferases (sulfurtransferases), which are largely studied. The sulfur donor defines the subfamily of these enzymes as thiosulfate:cyanide sulfurtransferases or rhodaneses (TSTs) or 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransfeases (MSTs). In Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis, the gene Rv0815c encodes the protein CysA2, a putative uncharacterized thiosulfate:cyanide sulfurtransferase that belongs to the essential sulfur assimilation pathway in the bacillus and is secreted during infection. In this work, we characterized the functional and structural properties of CysA2 and its kinetic parameters. The recombinant CysA2 is a α/β protein with two rhodanese-like domains that maintains the functional motifs and a catalytic cysteine. Sulfurtransferase activity was determined using thiosulfate and 3-mercaptopyruvate as sulfur donors. The assays showed Km values of 2.89 mM and 7.02 mM for thiosulfate and 3-mercaptopyruvate, respectively, indicating the protein has dual activity as TST and MST. Immunological assays revealed that CysA2 interacted with pulmonary cells, and it was capable to activate macrophages and dendritic cells, indicating the stimulation of the immune response, which is important for its use as an antigen for vaccine development and immunodiagnostic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A N Meza
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Applied Structural Biology Laboratory, LBEA, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Institute of Biology, Post-graduate Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - C C N Cambui
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Applied Structural Biology Laboratory, LBEA, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - A C R Moreno
- Department of Microbiology, Vaccine Development Laboratory, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - M R Fessel
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Applied Structural Biology Laboratory, LBEA, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - A Balan
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Applied Structural Biology Laboratory, LBEA, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Aspatwar A, Kairys V, Rala S, Parikka M, Bozdag M, Carta F, Supuran CT, Parkkila S. Mycobacterium tuberculosis β-Carbonic Anhydrases: Novel Targets for Developing Antituberculosis Drugs. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20205153. [PMID: 31627429 PMCID: PMC6834203 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20205153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The genome of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) encodes three β-carbonic anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1) that are crucial for the life cycle of the bacterium. The Mtbβ-CAs have been cloned and characterized, and the catalytic activities of the enzymes have been studied. The crystal structures of two of the enzymes have been resolved. In vitro inhibition studies have been conducted using different classes of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAIs). In vivo inhibition studies of pathogenic bacteria containing β-CAs showed that β-CA inhibitors effectively inhibited the growth of pathogenic bacteria. The in vitro and in vivo studies clearly demonstrated that β-CAs of not only mycobacterial species, but also other pathogenic bacteria, can be targeted for developing novel antimycobacterial agents for treating tuberculosis and other microbial infections that are resistant to existing drugs. In this review, we present the molecular and structural data on three β-CAs of Mtb that will give us better insights into the roles of these enzymes in pathogenic bacterial species. We also present data from both in vitro inhibition studies using different classes of chemical compounds and in vivo inhibition studies focusing on M. marinum, a model organism and close relative of Mtb.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Aspatwar
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland.
| | - Visvaldas Kairys
- Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Biotechnology, Life Sciences Centre, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio al. 7, LT-10257 Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Sangeetha Rala
- Tampere University of Applied Sciences, Kuntokatu 3, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland.
| | - Mataleena Parikka
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland.
| | - Murat Bozdag
- Neurofarba Department, Sezione di Chimica Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via U. Schiff 6, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy.
| | - Fabrizio Carta
- Neurofarba Department, Sezione di Chimica Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via U. Schiff 6, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy.
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Neurofarba Department, Sezione di Chimica Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via U. Schiff 6, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy.
| | - Seppo Parkkila
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland.
- Fimlab Ltd. and Tampere University Hospital, FI-33520 Tampere, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Stamm CE, Pasko BL, Chaisavaneeyakorn S, Franco LH, Nair VR, Weigele BA, Alto NM, Shiloh MU. Screening Mycobacterium tuberculosis Secreted Proteins Identifies Mpt64 as a Eukaryotic Membrane-Binding Bacterial Effector. mSphere 2019; 4:e00354-19. [PMID: 31167949 PMCID: PMC6553557 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00354-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the causative agent of tuberculosis, is one of the most successful human pathogens. One reason for its success is that Mtb can reside within host macrophages, a cell type that normally functions to phagocytose and destroy infectious bacteria. However, Mtb is able to evade macrophage defenses in order to survive for prolonged periods of time. Many intracellular pathogens secrete virulence factors targeting host membranes and organelles to remodel their intracellular environmental niche. We hypothesized that Mtb secreted proteins that target host membranes are vital for Mtb to adapt to and manipulate the host environment for survival. Thus, we characterized 200 secreted proteins from Mtb for their ability to associate with eukaryotic membranes using a unique temperature-sensitive yeast screen and to manipulate host trafficking pathways using a modified inducible secretion screen. We identified five Mtb secreted proteins that both associated with eukaryotic membranes and altered the host secretory pathway. One of these secreted proteins, Mpt64, localized to the endoplasmic reticulum during Mtb infection of murine and human macrophages and impaired the unfolded protein response in macrophages. These data highlight the importance of secreted proteins in Mtb pathogenesis and provide a basis for further investigation into their molecular mechanisms.IMPORTANCE Advances have been made to identify secreted proteins of Mycobacterium tuberculosis during animal infections. These data, combined with transposon screens identifying genes important for M. tuberculosis virulence, have generated a vast resource of potential M. tuberculosis virulence proteins. However, the function of many of these proteins in M. tuberculosis pathogenesis remains elusive. We have integrated three cell biological screens to characterize nearly 200 M. tuberculosis secreted proteins for eukaryotic membrane binding, host subcellular localization, and interactions with host vesicular trafficking. In addition, we observed the localization of one secreted protein, Mpt64, to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) during M. tuberculosis infection of macrophages. Interestingly, although Mpt64 is exported by the Sec pathway, its delivery into host cells was dependent upon the action of the type VII secretion system. Finally, we observed that Mpt64 impairs the ER-mediated unfolded protein response in macrophages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea E Stamm
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Breanna L Pasko
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Sujittra Chaisavaneeyakorn
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Luis H Franco
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Center for Autophagy Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Vidhya R Nair
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Bethany A Weigele
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Neal M Alto
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Michael U Shiloh
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bisht D, Sharma D, Sharma D, Singh R, Gupta VK. Recent insights intoMycobacterium tuberculosisthrough proteomics and implications for the clinic. Expert Rev Proteomics 2019; 16:443-456. [DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2019.1608185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Bisht
- Department of Biochemistry, National JALMA Institute for Leprosy & Other Mycobacterial Diseases (ICMR), Agra, India
| | - Devesh Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, National JALMA Institute for Leprosy & Other Mycobacterial Diseases (ICMR), Agra, India
| | - Divakar Sharma
- Medical Microbiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Rananjay Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, National JALMA Institute for Leprosy & Other Mycobacterial Diseases (ICMR), Agra, India
| | - Vivek Kumar Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, National JALMA Institute for Leprosy & Other Mycobacterial Diseases (ICMR), Agra, India
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Dutta D. Advance in Research on Mycobacterium tuberculosis FabG4 and Its Inhibitor. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1184. [PMID: 29946302 PMCID: PMC6008564 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence from recent reports of drug-resistant mycobacterial strains poses a challenge worldwide. Drug-resistant strains often undergo mutations, adopt alternative pathways, and express drug efflux pumps to reduce or eliminate drug doses. Besides these intrinsic resistance mechanisms, bacteria can evade drug doses by forming biofilms. Biofilms are the concerted growth of adherent microorganisms, which can also be formed at the air-water interface. The growth is supported by the extracellular polymer matrix which is self-produced by the microorganisms. Reduced metabolic activity in a nutrient-deficient environment in the biofilm may cause the microorganisms to take alternative pathways that can make the microorganisms recalcitrant to the drug doses. Recent works have shown that Mycobacterium tuberculosis expresses several proteins during its growth in biofilm, those when deleted, did not show any effect on mycobacterial growth in normal nutrient-sufficient conditions. Studying these unconventional proteins in mycobacterial biofilms is therefore of utmost importance. In this article, I will discuss one such mycobacterial biofilm-related protein FabG4 that is recently shown to be important for mycobacterial survival in the presence of antibiotic stressors and limited nutrient condition. In an attempt to find more effective FabG4 inhibitors and its importance in biofilm forming M. tuberculosis, present knowledge about FabG4 and its known inhibitors are discussed. Based on the existing data, a putative role of FabG4 is also suggested.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Debajyoti Dutta
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Vollmer AC, Bark SJ. Twenty-Five Years of Investigating the Universal Stress Protein: Function, Structure, and Applications. ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2017; 102:1-36. [PMID: 29680123 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aambs.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Since the initial discovery of universal stress protein A (UspA) 25 years ago, remarkable advances in molecular and biochemical technologies have revolutionized our understanding of biology. Many studies using these technologies have focused on characterization of the uspA gene and Usp-type proteins. These studies have identified the conservation of Usp-like proteins across bacteria, archaea, plants, and even some invertebrate animals. Regulation of these proteins under diverse stresses has been associated with different stress-response genes including spoT and relA in the stringent response and the dosR two-component signaling pathways. These and other foundational studies suggest Usps serve regulatory and protective roles to enable adaptation and survival under external stresses. Despite these foundational studies, many bacterial species have multiple paralogs of genes encoding these proteins and ablation of the genes does not provide a distinct phenotype. This outcome has limited our understanding of the biochemical functions of these proteins. Here, we summarize the current knowledge of Usps in general and UspA in particular across different genera as well as conclusions about their functions from seminal studies in diverse organisms. Our objective has been to organize the foundational studies in this field to identify the significant impediments to further understanding of Usp functions at the molecular level. We propose ideas and experimental approaches that may overcome these impediments and drive future development of molecular approaches to understand and target Usps as central regulators of stress adaptation and survival. Despite the fact that the full functions of Usps are still not known, creative many applications have already been proposed, tested, and used. The complementary approaches of basic research and applications, along with new technology and analytic tools, may yield the elusive yet critical functions of universal stress proteins in diverse systems.
Collapse
|
13
|
Thakur H, Kaur N, Sareen D, Prabhakar N. Electrochemical determination of M. tuberculosis antigen based on Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) and functionalized carbon nanotubes hybrid platform. Talanta 2017; 171:115-123. [PMID: 28551117 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.04.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
An electrochemical DNA aptasensor for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) antigen MPT64, was developed using Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) doped with carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The biotinylated aptamer was immobilized onto streptavidin attached to -COOH functionalized CNTs via streptavidin-biotin interaction. Various characterization studies as FT-IR, FE-SEM, EIS and DPV were done to validate each fabrication step of the aptasensor. Optimization studies related to aptamer concentration and response time were performed. The electrochemical signal generated from the aptamer-target molecule interaction was monitored electrochemically by differential pulse voltammetry in the presence of [Fe(CN)6]3-/4- as a redox probe. The aptasensor exhibited limit of detection of 0.5±0.2fgmL-1 within 15min with stability of 27 days at 4°C and reusability of 7 times after repeated regeneration with 50mM NaOH. The potential application of the aptasensor was established by spike-in studies to obtain recovery in between (88-95)%.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Himkusha Thakur
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Navpreet Kaur
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Dipti Sareen
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Nirmal Prabhakar
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Pardeshi P, Rao KK, Balaji PV. Rv3634c from Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv encodes an enzyme with UDP-Gal/Glc and UDP-GalNAc 4-epimerase activities. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175193. [PMID: 28403215 PMCID: PMC5389812 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A bioinformatics study revealed that Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv (Mtb) contains sequence homologs of Campylobacter jejuni protein glycosylation enzymes. The ORF Rv3634c from Mtb was identified as a sequence homolog of C. jejuni UDP-Gal/GalNAc 4-epimerase. This study reports the cloning of Rv3634c and its expression as an N-terminal His-tagged protein. The recombinant protein was shown to have UDP-Gal/Glc 4-epimerase activity by GOD-POD assay and by reverse phase HPLC. This enzyme was shown to have UDP-GalNAc 4-epimerase activity also. Residues Ser121, Tyr146 and Lys150 were shown by site-directed mutagenesis to be important for enzyme activity. Mutation of Ser121 and Tyr146 to Ala and Phe, respectively, led to complete loss of activity whereas mutation of Lys150 to Arg led to partial loss of activity. There were no gross changes in the secondary structures of any of these three mutants. These results suggest that Ser121 and Tyr146 are essential for epimerase activity of Rv3634c. UDP-Gal/Glc 4-epimerases from other organisms also have a catalytic triad consisting of Ser, Tyr and Lys. The triad carries out proton transfer from nucleotide sugar to NAD+ and back, thus effecting the epimerization of the substrate. Addition of NAD+ to Lys150 significantly abrogates the loss of activity, suggesting that, as in other epimerases, NAD+ is associated with Rv3634c.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peehu Pardeshi
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai, Mumbai, India
| | - K. Krishnamurthy Rao
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai, Mumbai, India
- * E-mail: (KKR); (PVB)
| | - Petety V. Balaji
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai, Mumbai, India
- * E-mail: (KKR); (PVB)
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Rabodoarivelo MS, Aerts M, Vandamme P, Palomino JC, Rasolofo V, Martin A. Optimizing of a protein extraction method for Mycobacterium tuberculosis proteome analysis using mass spectrometry. J Microbiol Methods 2016; 131:144-147. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2016.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
16
|
Coscolla M, Copin R, Sutherland J, Gehre F, de Jong B, Owolabi O, Mbayo G, Giardina F, Ernst JD, Gagneux S. M. tuberculosis T Cell Epitope Analysis Reveals Paucity of Antigenic Variation and Identifies Rare Variable TB Antigens. Cell Host Microbe 2016; 18:538-48. [PMID: 26607161 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2015.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Revised: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Pathogens that evade adaptive immunity typically exhibit antigenic variation. By contrast, it appears that although the chronic human tuberculosis (TB)-causing pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis needs to counter host T cell responses, its T cell epitopes are hyperconserved. Here we present an extensive analysis of the T cell epitopes of M. tuberculosis. We combined population genomics with experimental immunology to determine the number and identity of T cell epitope sequence variants in 216 phylogenetically diverse strains of M. tuberculosis. Antigen conservation is indeed a hallmark of M. tuberculosis. However, our analysis revealed a set of seven variable antigens that were immunogenic in subjects with active TB. These findings suggest that M. tuberculosis uses mechanisms other than antigenic variation to evade T cells. T cell epitopes that exhibit sequence variation may not be subject to the same evasion mechanisms, and hence vaccines that include such variable epitopes may be more efficacious.
Collapse
|
17
|
Milewski MC, Broger T, Kirkpatrick J, Filomena A, Komadina D, Schneiderhan-Marra N, Wilmanns M, Parret AHA. A standardized production pipeline for high profile targets from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Proteomics Clin Appl 2016; 10:1049-1057. [PMID: 27400835 PMCID: PMC5095800 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201600033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Tuberculosis is still a major threat to global health. New tools and strategies to produce disease‐related proteins are quintessential for the development of novel vaccines and diagnostic markers. Experimental design To obtain recombinant proteins from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) for use in clinical applications, a standardized procedure was developed that includes subcloning, protein expression in Mycobacterium smegmatis and protein purification using chromatography. The potential for the different protein targets to serve as diagnostic markers for tuberculosis was established using multiplex immunoassays. Results Twelve soluble proteins from Mtb, including one protein complex, were purified to near‐homogeneity following recombinant expression in M. smegmatis. Protein purity was assessed both by size exclusion chromatography and MS. Multiplex serological testing of the final protein preparations showed that all but one protein displayed a clear antibody response in serum samples from 278 tuberculosis patients. Conclusion and clinical relevance The established workflow comprises a simple, cost‐effective, and scalable pipeline for production of soluble proteins from Mtb and can be used to prioritize immunogenic proteins suitable for use as diagnostic markers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Morlin C Milewski
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Hamburg Unit, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Broger
- Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics (FIND), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Joanna Kirkpatrick
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Proteomics Core Facility, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Angela Filomena
- Natural and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Dana Komadina
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Hamburg Unit, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Matthias Wilmanns
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Hamburg Unit, Hamburg, Germany.,University of Hamburg Clinical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Annabel H A Parret
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Hamburg Unit, Hamburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Yari S, Tasbiti AH, Ghanei M, Shokrgozar MA, Vaziri B, Mahdian R, Yari F, Bahrmand A. Proteomic analysis of sensitive and multi drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains. Microbiology (Reading) 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026261716030164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
|
19
|
Abstract
The emerging field of proteomics has contributed greatly to improving our understanding of the human pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis over the last two decades. In this chapter we provide a comprehensive overview of mycobacterial proteome research and highlight key findings. First, studies employing a combination of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry (MS) provided insights into the proteomic composition, initially of the whole bacillus and subsequently of subfractions, such as the cell wall, cytosol, and secreted proteins. Comparison of results obtained under various culture conditions, i.e., acidic pH, nutrient starvation, and low oxygen tension, aiming to mimic facets of the intracellular lifestyle of M. tuberculosis, provided initial clues to proteins relevant for intracellular survival and manipulation of the host cell. Further attempts were aimed at identifying the biological functions of the hypothetical M. tuberculosis proteins, which still make up a quarter of the gene products of M. tuberculosis, and at characterizing posttranslational modifications. Recent technological advances in MS have given rise to new methods such as selected reaction monitoring (SRM) and data-independent acquisition (DIA). These targeted, cutting-edge techniques combined with a public database of specific MS assays covering the entire proteome of M. tuberculosis allow the simple and reliable detection of any mycobacterial protein. Most recent studies attempt not only to identify but also to quantify absolute amounts of single proteins in the complex background of host cells without prior sample fractionation or enrichment. Finally, we will discuss the potential of proteomics to advance vaccinology, drug discovery, and biomarker identification to improve intervention and prevention measures for tuberculosis.
Collapse
|
20
|
Salina EG, Waddell SJ, Hoffmann N, Rosenkrands I, Butcher PD, Kaprelyants AS. Potassium availability triggers Mycobacterium tuberculosis transition to, and resuscitation from, non-culturable (dormant) states. Open Biol 2014; 4:140106. [PMID: 25320096 PMCID: PMC4221891 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.140106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dormancy in non-sporulating bacteria is an interesting and underexplored phenomenon with significant medical implications. In particular, latent tuberculosis may result from the maintenance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacilli in non-replicating states in infected individuals. Uniquely, growth of M. tuberculosis in aerobic conditions in potassium-deficient media resulted in the generation of bacilli that were non-culturable (NC) on solid media but detectable in liquid media. These bacilli were morphologically distinct and tolerant to cell-wall-targeting antimicrobials. Bacterial counts on solid media quickly recovered after washing and incubating bacilli in fresh resuscitation media containing potassium. This resuscitation of growth occurred too quickly to be attributed to M. tuberculosis replication. Transcriptomic and proteomic profiling through adaptation to, and resuscitation from, this NC state revealed a switch to anaerobic respiration and a shift to lipid and amino acid metabolism. High concordance with mRNA signatures derived from M. tuberculosis infection models suggests that analogous NC mycobacterial phenotypes may exist during disease and may represent unrecognized populations in vivo. Resuscitation of NC bacilli in potassium-sufficient media was characterized by time-dependent activation of metabolic pathways in a programmed series of processes that probably transit bacilli through challenging microenvironments during infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena G Salina
- Institution of the Russian Academy of Sciences A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - Simon J Waddell
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - Nadine Hoffmann
- Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ida Rosenkrands
- Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Philip D Butcher
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Arseny S Kaprelyants
- Institution of the Russian Academy of Sciences A.N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry RAS, Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wang Q, Liu S, Tang Y, Liu Q, Yao Y. MPT64 protein from Mycobacterium tuberculosis inhibits apoptosis of macrophages through NF-kB-miRNA21-Bcl-2 pathway. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100949. [PMID: 25000291 PMCID: PMC4085073 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
MPT64 is one of the secreted proteins from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Little is known about its role in infection by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In this study, we demonstrated that MPT64 could dose-dependently inhibit the apoptosis of RAW264.7 macrophages induced by PPD-BCG. Quantitative real-time PCR results showed that the expression of bcl-2 increased in macrophages treated with MPT64 compared with PPD-treated cells. Furthermore, the results provided strong evidence that bcl-2 up-regulation was positively controlled by miRNA-21. Finally, NF-κB was identified as the transcription factor for miRNA-21 using a ChIP assay. It can be concluded from our study that MPT64 could inhibit the apoptosis of RAW264.7 macrophages through the NF-κB-miRNA21-Bcl-2 pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingmin Wang
- Division of Aviation Medicine, Naval medical Research Institute, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Shupeng Liu
- Changhai Hospital, the Second Military medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Tang
- Division of Aviation Medicine, Naval medical Research Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiuhong Liu
- Division of Aviation Medicine, Naval medical Research Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongjie Yao
- Division of Aviation Medicine, Naval medical Research Institute, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Expression of the ARPC4 subunit of human Arp2/3 severely affects mycobacterium tuberculosis growth and suppresses immunogenic response in murine macrophages. PLoS One 2013; 8:e69949. [PMID: 23894563 PMCID: PMC3718739 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The search for molecules against Mycobacterium tuberculosis is urgent. The mechanisms facilitating the intra-macrophage survival of Mycobacterium tuberculosis are as yet not entirely understood. However, there is evidence showing the involvement of host cell cytoskeleton in every step of establishment and persistence of mycobacterial infection. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Here we show that expression of ARPC4, a subunit of the Actin related protein 2/3 (Arp2/3) protein complex, severely affects the pathogen's growth. TEM studies display shedding of the mycobacterial outer-coat. Furthermore, in infected macrophages, mycobacteria expressing ARPC4 were cleared off at a much faster rate, and were unable to mount a pro-inflammatory cytokine response. The translocation of ARPC4-expressing mycobacteria to the lysosome of the infected macrophage was also impaired. Additionally, the ARPC4 subunit was shown to interact with Rv1626, an essential secretory mycobacterial protein. Real-time PCR analysis showed that upon expression of ARPC4 in mycobacteria, Rv1626 expression is downregulated as much as six-fold. Rv1626 was found to also interact with mammalian cytoskeleton protein, Arp2/3, and enhance the rate of actin polymerization. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE With crystal structures for Rv1626 and ARPC4 subunit already known, our finding lays out the effect of a novel molecule on mycobacteria, and represents a viable starting point for developing potent peptidomimetics.
Collapse
|
23
|
Fullam E, Pojer F, Bergfors T, Jones TA, Cole ST. Structure and function of the transketolase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis and comparison with the human enzyme. Open Biol 2013; 2:110026. [PMID: 22645655 PMCID: PMC3352088 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.110026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2011] [Accepted: 12/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The transketolase (TKT) enzyme in Mycobacterium tuberculosis
represents a novel drug target for tuberculosis treatment and has low homology
with the orthologous human enzyme. Here, we report on the structural and kinetic
characterization of the transketolase from M. tuberculosis
(TBTKT), a homodimer whose monomers each comprise 700 amino acids. We show that
TBTKT catalyses the oxidation of donor sugars xylulose-5-phosphate and
fructose-6-phosphate as well as the reduction of the acceptor sugar
ribose-5-phosphate. An invariant residue of the TKT consensus sequence required
for thiamine cofactor binding is mutated in TBTKT; yet its catalytic activities
are unaffected, and the 2.5 Å resolution structure of full-length TBTKT
provides an explanation for this. Key structural differences between the human
and mycobacterial TKT enzymes that impact both substrate and cofactor
recognition and binding were uncovered. These changes explain the kinetic
differences between TBTKT and its human counterpart, and their differential
inhibition by small molecules. The availability of a detailed structural model
of TBTKT will enable differences between human and M.
tuberculosis TKT structures to be exploited to design selective
inhibitors with potential antitubercular activity.
Collapse
|
24
|
Zheng J, Ren X, Wei C, Yang J, Hu Y, Liu L, Xu X, Wang J, Jin Q. Analysis of the secretome and identification of novel constituents from culture filtrate of bacillus Calmette-Guerin using high-resolution mass spectrometry. Mol Cell Proteomics 2013; 12:2081-95. [PMID: 23616670 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m113.027318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious bacterial disease that causes morbidity and mortality, especially in developing countries. Although its efficacy against TB has displayed a high degree of variability (0%-80%) in different trials, Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) has been recognized as an important weapon for preventing TB worldwide for over 80 years. Because secreted proteins often play vital roles in the interaction between bacteria and host cells, the secretome of mycobacteria is considered to be an attractive reservoir of potential candidate antigens for the development of novel vaccines and diagnostic reagents. In this study, we performed a proteomic analysis of BCG culture filtrate proteins using SDS-PAGE and high-resolution Fourier transform mass spectrometry. In total, 239 proteins (1555 unique peptides) were identified, including 185 secreted proteins or lipoproteins. Furthermore, 17 novel protein products not annotated in the BCG database were detected and validated by means of RT-PCR at the transcriptional level. Additionally, the translational start sites of 52 proteins were confirmed, and 22 proteins were validated through extension of the translational start sites based on N-terminus-derived peptides. There are 103 secreted proteins that have not been reported in previous studies on BCG [corrected] secretome and are unique to our study. The physicochemical characteristics of the secreted proteins were determined. Major components from the culture supernatant, including low-molecular-weight antigens, lipoproteins, Pro-Glu and Pro-Pro-Glu family proteins, and Mce family proteins, are discussed; some components represent potential predominant antigens in the humoral and cellular immune responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Zheng
- MOH Key Laboratory of Systems Biology of Pathogens, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100176, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Baumann R, Kaempfer S, Chegou NN, Nene NF, Veenstra H, Spallek R, Bolliger CT, Lukey PT, van Helden PD, Singh M, Walzl G. Serodiagnostic markers for the prediction of the outcome of intensive phase tuberculosis therapy. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2013; 93:239-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2012.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2012] [Revised: 09/13/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
|
26
|
Albrethsen J, Agner J, Piersma SR, Højrup P, Pham TV, Weldingh K, Jimenez CR, Andersen P, Rosenkrands I. Proteomic profiling of Mycobacterium tuberculosis identifies nutrient-starvation-responsive toxin-antitoxin systems. Mol Cell Proteomics 2013; 12:1180-91. [PMID: 23345537 PMCID: PMC3650330 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m112.018846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to successfully enter the latent stage, Mycobacterium tuberculosis must adapt to conditions such as nutrient limitation and hypoxia. In vitro models that mimic latent infection are valuable tools for describing the changes in metabolism that occur when the bacterium exists in a non-growing form. We used two complementary proteomic approaches, label-free LC-MS/MS analysis and two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis, to determine the proteome profile of extracellular proteins from M. tuberculosis cultured under nutrient starvation. Through the label-free LC-MS/MS analysis of fractionated samples, 1176 proteins were identified from culture filtrates of log phase and nutrient-starved cultures, and the protein levels of 230 proteins were increased in nutrient-starved culture filtrates, whereas those of 208 proteins were decreased. By means of Gene Ontology clustering analysis, significant differences in the overall metabolism during nutrient starvation were detected. Notably, members of the toxin–antitoxin systems were present in larger quantities in nutrient-starved cultures, supporting a role for these global modules as M. tuberculosis switches its metabolism into dormancy. Decreased abundance of proteins involved in amino acid and protein synthesis was apparent, as well as changes in the lipid metabolism. Further analysis of the dataset identified increased abundance of lipoproteins and decreased abundance of ESAT-6 family proteins. Results from the two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis proteomics demonstrated overall agreement with the LC-MS/MS data and added complementary insights about protein degradation and modification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Albrethsen
- Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Commandeur S, van Meijgaarden KE, Prins C, Pichugin AV, Dijkman K, van den Eeden SJF, Friggen AH, Franken KLMC, Dolganov G, Kramnik I, Schoolnik GK, Oftung F, Korsvold GE, Geluk A, Ottenhoff THM. An unbiased genome-wide Mycobacterium tuberculosis gene expression approach to discover antigens targeted by human T cells expressed during pulmonary infection. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 190:1659-71. [PMID: 23319735 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1201593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis is responsible for almost 2 million deaths annually. Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin, the only vaccine available against tuberculosis (TB), induces highly variable protection against TB, and better TB vaccines are urgently needed. A prerequisite for candidate vaccine Ags is that they are immunogenic and expressed by M. tuberculosis during infection of the primary target organ, that is, the lungs of susceptible individuals. In search of new TB vaccine candidate Ags, we have used a genome-wide, unbiased Ag discovery approach to investigate the in vivo expression of 2170 M. tuberculosis genes during M. tuberculosis infection in the lungs of mice. Four genetically related but distinct mouse strains were studied, representing a spectrum of TB susceptibility controlled by the supersusceptibility to TB 1 locus. We used stringent selection approaches to select in vivo-expressed M. tuberculosis (IVE-TB) genes and analyzed their expression patterns in distinct disease phenotypes such as necrosis and granuloma formation. To study the vaccine potential of these proteins, we analyzed their immunogenicity. Several M. tuberculosis proteins were recognized by immune cells from tuberculin skin test-positive, ESAT6/CFP10-responsive individuals, indicating that these Ags are presented during natural M. tuberculosis infection. Furthermore, TB patients also showed responses toward IVE-TB Ags, albeit lower than tuberculin skin test-positive, ESAT6/CFP10-responsive individuals. Finally, IVE-TB Ags induced strong IFN-γ(+)/TNF-α(+) CD8(+) and TNF-α(+)/IL-2(+) CD154(+)/CD4(+) T cell responses in PBMC from long-term latently M. tuberculosis-infected individuals. In conclusion, these IVE-TB Ags are expressed during pulmonary infection in vivo, are immunogenic, induce strong T cell responses in long-term latently M. tuberculosis-infected individuals, and may therefore represent attractive Ags for new TB vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Commandeur
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Liu F, Lin Y, Li B, Wang M, Zhu J. The primary use in indirect ELISA of secreted proteins Mb1761c and Mb2277 of M. bovis. J Immunoassay Immunochem 2012; 33:269-74. [PMID: 22738650 DOI: 10.1080/15321819.2011.638408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Disease monitoring on bovine tuberculosis (BTB) has been proven to be a capable strategy to control this disease, which has significantly progressed in developed countries. However, such strategies require a prompt, accurate live animal test, which has thus far been lacking in developing countries, such as China. The two secreted proteins, Mb1761c and Mb2277, were selected from the complete genome of M. bovis by using a bioinformatics method. After having been proven by the reactogenicity by Western blot, the two expressed prokaryotic proteins served as coat antigens in ELISA plates to evaluate their ability to detect the antibodies against M. bovis. The results showed that the sensitivity of the indirect ELISA method coated with Mb2277 as antigen was as same as that coated with Mb1761c. To explore the possibility of increasing the sensitivity of the ELISA test, the two proteins were further mixed in a different ratio and coated as antigen in ELISA. The results showed that the sensitivity of the combination of the coated reconstructive proteins (1:1) was stronger than that of single coated protein.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Stent A, Every AL, Ng GZ, Chionh YT, Ong LS, Edwards SJ, Sutton P. Helicobacter pylori thiolperoxidase as a protective antigen in single- and multi-component vaccines. Vaccine 2012; 30:7214-20. [PMID: 23084846 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2012] [Revised: 09/02/2012] [Accepted: 10/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is an important pathogen of the human stomach, and the development of a protective vaccine has been an enticing goal for many years. The H. pylori antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (KatA) have been shown to be protective as vaccine antigens in mice, demonstrating that the organism's antioxidant enzyme system is a fruitful target for vaccine development. The research described here demonstrates that an additional antioxidant enzyme, thiolperoxidase (Tpx), is effective as a prophylactic vaccine antigen via both systemic and mucosal routes. The functional relationship between SOD, KatA and Tpx also provided an opportunity to investigate synergistic or additive effects when the three antigens were used in combination. Although the antigens still provided equivalent protection when administered in combination, no additional protection was observed. Moreover a decrease in antibody titres to the individual antigens was observed when delivered in combination via the nasal route, though not when injected subcutaneously. The findings of this paper demonstrate that the antioxidant system of H. pylori presents a particularly rich resource for vaccine development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Stent
- Centre for Animal Biotechnology, School of Veterinary Science, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Yang M, Chen Y, Zhou Y, Wang L, Zhang H, Bi LJ, Zhang XE. MSMEG_2731, an uncharacterized nucleic acid binding protein from Mycobacterium smegmatis, physically interacts with RPS1. PLoS One 2012; 7:e36666. [PMID: 22590585 PMCID: PMC3348880 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0036666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2011] [Accepted: 04/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
While the M. smegmatis genome has been sequenced, only a small portion of the genes have been characterized experimentally. Here, we purify and characterize MSMEG_2731, a conserved hypothetical alanine and arginine rich M. smegmatis protein. Using ultracentrifugation, we show that MSMEG_2731 is a monomer in vitro. MSMEG_2731 exists at a steady level throughout the M. smegmatis life-cycle. Combining results from pull-down techniques and LS-MS/MS, we show that MSMEG_2731 interacts with ribosomal protein S1. The existence of this interaction was confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation. We also show that MSMEG_2731 can bind ssDNA, dsDNA and RNA in vitro. Based on the interactions of MSMEG_2731 with RPS1 and RNA, we propose that MSMEG_2731 is involved in the transcription-translation process in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongtai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Jun Bi
- Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (L-JB); (X-EZ)
| | - Xian-En Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- * E-mail: (L-JB); (X-EZ)
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
van der Woude AD, Luirink J, Bitter W. Getting across the cell envelope: mycobacterial protein secretion. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2012; 374:109-34. [PMID: 23239236 DOI: 10.1007/82_2012_298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Protein secretion is an essential determinant of mycobacterial virulence. Mycobacterium tuberculosis has a unique cell envelope consisting of two lipid bilayers, which requires dedicated protein secretion pathways. The conserved general Sec and Tat translocation systems are responsible for protein transport across the inner membrane and are both essential. Additionally, the accessory Sec pathway specifically contributes to virulence. How transport of Sec/Tat substrates across the outer membrane is accomplished is currently an enigma. In addition to these pathways, M. tuberculosis also developed specialized secretion systems for protein transport across both membranes, the type VII or ESX secretion systems. Here, we discuss our current knowledge about the mechanisms and substrates of these different protein translocation systems and their role in mycobacterial physiology and virulence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aniek D van der Woude
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Bell C, Smith GT, Sweredoski MJ, Hess S. Characterization of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis Proteome by Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry-based Proteomics Techniques: A Comprehensive Resource for Tuberculosis Research. J Proteome Res 2011; 11:119-30. [DOI: 10.1021/pr2007939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Bell
- Proteome Exploration Laboratory, Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Geoffrey T. Smith
- Proteome Exploration Laboratory, Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Michael J. Sweredoski
- Proteome Exploration Laboratory, Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Sonja Hess
- Proteome Exploration Laboratory, Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Seshadri A, Samhita L, Gaur R, Malshetty V, Varshney U. Analysis of the fusA2 locus encoding EFG2 in Mycobacterium smegmatis. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2011; 89:453-64. [PMID: 19595631 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2009.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2009] [Revised: 06/01/2009] [Accepted: 06/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The translation elongation factor G (EFG) is encoded by the fusA gene. Several bacteria possess a second fusA-like locus, fusA2 which encodes EFG2. A comparison of EFG and EFG2 from various bacteria reveals that EFG2 preserves domain organization and maintains significant sequence homology with EFG, suggesting that EFG2 may function as an elongation factor. However, with the single exception of a recent study on Thermus thermophilus EFG2, this class of EFG-like factors has not been investigated. Here, we have characterized EFG2 (MSMEG_6535) from Mycobacterium smegmatis. Expression of EFG2 was detected in stationary phase cultures of M. smegmatis (Msm). Our in vitro studies show that while MsmEFG2 binds guanine nucleotides, it lacks the ribosome-dependent GTPase activity characteristic of EFGs. Furthermore, unlike MsmEFG (MSMEG_1400), MsmEFG2 failed to rescue an E. coli strain harboring a temperature-sensitive allele of EFG, for its growth at the non-permissive temperature. Subsequent experiments showed that the fusA2 gene could be disrupted in M. smegmatis mc(2)155 with Kan(R) marker. The M. smegmatis fusA2::kan strain was viable and showed growth kinetics similar to that of the parent strain (wild-type for fusA2). However, in the growth competition assays, the disruption of fusA2 was found to confer a fitness disadvantage to M. smegmatis, raising the possibility that EFG2 is of some physiological relevance to mycobacteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Seshadri
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, CNR Rao Circle, Bangalore 560012, India
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Mehaffy MC, Kruh-Garcia NA, Dobos KM. Prospective on Mycobacterium tuberculosis proteomics. J Proteome Res 2011; 11:17-25. [PMID: 21988637 DOI: 10.1021/pr2008658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis, remains one of the most prevalent human pathogens in the world. Knowledge regarding the bacilli's physiology as well as its mechanisms of virulence, immunogenicity, and pathogenesis has increased greatly in the last three decades. However, the function of about one-quarter of the Mtb coding genome and the precise activity and protein networks of most of the Mtb proteins are still unknown. Protein mass spectrometry and a new interest in research toward the field of functional proteomics have given a new light to the study of this bacillus and will be the focus of this review. We will also discuss new perspectives in the proteomics field, in particular targeted mass spectrometry methods and their potential applications in TB research and discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Carolina Mehaffy
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, 1619 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Interaction of Mycobacterium tuberculosis elongation factor Tu with GTP is regulated by phosphorylation. J Bacteriol 2011; 193:5347-58. [PMID: 21803988 DOI: 10.1128/jb.05469-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
During protein synthesis, translation elongation factor Tu (Ef-Tu) is responsible for the selection and binding of the cognate aminoacyl-tRNA to the acceptor site on the ribosome. The activity of Ef-Tu is dependent on its interaction with GTP. Posttranslational modifications, such as phosphorylation, are known to regulate the activity of Ef-Tu in several prokaryotes. Although a study of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis phosphoproteome showed Ef-Tu to be phosphorylated, the role of phosphorylation in the regulation of Ef-Tu has not been studied. In this report, we show that phosphorylation of M. tuberculosis Ef-Tu (MtbEf-Tu) by PknB reduced its interaction with GTP, suggesting a concomitant reduction in the level of protein synthesis. Overexpression of PknB in Mycobacterium smegmatis indeed reduced the level of protein synthesis. MtbEf-Tu was found to be phosphorylated by PknB on multiple sites, including Thr118, which is required for optimal activity of the protein. We found that kirromycin, an Ef-Tu-specific antibiotic, had a significant effect on the nucleotide binding of unphosphorylated MtbEf-Tu but not on the phosphorylated protein. Our results show that the modulation of the MtbEf-Tu-GTP interaction by phosphorylation can have an impact on cellular protein synthesis and growth. These results also suggest that phosphorylation can change the sensitivity of the protein to the specific inhibitors. Thus, the efficacy of an inhibitor can also depend on the posttranslational modification(s) of the target and should be considered during the development of the molecule.
Collapse
|
36
|
de Souza GA, Wiker HG. A proteomic view of mycobacteria. Proteomics 2011; 11:3118-27. [PMID: 21726049 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201100043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2011] [Revised: 03/25/2011] [Accepted: 04/19/2011] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis, the disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, remains a relevant public health issue. This is due mostly to the coepidemiology with HIV/AIDS, the appearance of multidrug-resistant strains globally, and failure of BCG (bacillus Calmette-Guerin) vaccination to confer complete protection. This bacterium was one of the first to have its genome sequenced, yet over a decade after the release of the genomic information, the characterization of its phylogenetic tree and of different strain variants inside this species revealed that much is still needed to be done for a full understanding of the M. tuberculosis genome and proteome. Current methods using LC-MS/MS and hybrid high-resolution mass spectrometers can identify 2400-2800 proteins of the 4000 predicted genes in M. tuberculosis. In this article, we review relevant details of this bacterium's pathology and immunology, describing articles where proteomics helped the community to tackle some of the organism biology, from understanding strain diversity, cellular structure composition, immunogenicity, and host-pathogen interactions. Finally, we will discuss the challenges yet to be fulfilled in order to better characterize M. tuberculosis by proteomics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo A de Souza
- The Gade Institute, Section for Microbiology and Immunology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Berrêdo-Pinho M, Kalume DE, Correa PR, Gomes LHF, Pereira MP, da Silva RF, Castello-Branco LRR, Degrave WM, Mendonça-Lima L. Proteomic profile of culture filtrate from the Brazilian vaccine strain Mycobacterium bovis BCG Moreau compared to M. bovis BCG Pasteur. BMC Microbiol 2011; 11:80. [PMID: 21507239 PMCID: PMC3094199 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-11-80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2010] [Accepted: 04/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) is currently the only available vaccine against tuberculosis (TB) and comprises a heterogeneous family of sub-strains with genotypic and phenotypic differences. The World Health Organization (WHO) affirms that the characterization of BCG sub-strains, both on genomic and proteomic levels, is crucial for a better comprehension of the vaccine. In addition, these studies can contribute in the development of a more efficient vaccine against TB. Here, we combine two-dimensional electrophoresis (2DE) and mass spectrometry to analyse the proteomic profile of culture filtrate proteins (CFPs) from M. bovis BCG Moreau, the Brazilian vaccine strain, comparing it to that of BCG Pasteur. CFPs are considered of great importance given their dominant immunogenicity and role in pathogenesis, being available for interaction with host cells since early infection. Results The 2DE proteomic map of M. bovis BCG Moreau CFPs in the pH range 3 - 8 allowed the identification of 158 spots corresponding to 101 different proteins, identified by MS/MS. Comparison to BCG Pasteur highlights the great similarity between these BCG strains. However, quantitative analysis shows a higher expression of immunogenic proteins such as Rv1860 (BCG1896, Apa), Rv1926c (BCG1965c, Mpb63) and Rv1886c (BCG1923c, Ag85B) in BCG Moreau when compared to BCG Pasteur, while some heat shock proteins, such as Rv0440 (BCG0479, GroEL2) and Rv0350 (BCG0389, DnaK), show the opposite pattern. Conclusions Here we report the detailed 2DE profile of CFPs from M. bovis BCG Moreau and its comparison to BCG Pasteur, identifying differences that may provide relevant information on vaccine efficacy. These findings contribute to the detailed characterization of the Brazilian vaccine strain against TB, revealing aspects that may lead to a better understanding of the factors leading to BCG's variable protective efficacy against TB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcia Berrêdo-Pinho
- Laboratório de Genômica Funcional e Bioinformática, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Avenida Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, CEP 21040 -900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Wang XM, Lu C, Soetaert K, S'Heeren C, Peirs P, Lanéelle MA, Lefèvre P, Bifani P, Content J, Daffé M, Huygen K, De Bruyn J, Wattiez R. Biochemical and immunological characterization of a cpn60.1 knockout mutant of Mycobacterium bovis BCG. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2010; 157:1205-1219. [PMID: 21127129 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.045120-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pathogenic mycobacteria possess two homologous chaperones encoded by cpn60.1 and cpn60.2. Cpn60.2 is essential for survival, providing the basic chaperone function, while Cpn60.1 is not. In the present study, we show that inactivation of the Mycobacterium bovis BCG cpn60.1 (Mb3451c) gene does not significantly affect bacterial growth in 7H9 broth, but that this knockout mutant (Δcpn60.1) forms smaller colonies on solid 7H11 medium than the parental and complemented strains. When growing on Sauton medium, the Δcpn60.1 mutant exhibits a thinner surface pellicle and is associated with higher culture filtrate protein content and, coincidentally, with less protein in its outermost cell envelope in comparison with the parental and complemented strains. Interestingly, in this culture condition, the Δcpn60.1 mutant is devoid of phthiocerol dimycocerosates, and its mycolates are two carbon atoms longer than those of the wild-type, a phenotype that is fully reversed by complementation. In addition, Δcpn60.1 bacteria are more sensitive to stress induced by H(2)O(2) but not by SDS, high temperature or acidic pH. Taken together, these data indicate that the cell wall of the Δcpn60.1 mutant is impaired. Analysis by 2D gel electrophoresis and MS reveals the upregulation of a few proteins such as FadA2 and isocitrate lyase in the cell extract of the mutant, whereas more profound differences are found in the composition of the mycobacterial culture filtrate, e.g. the well-known Hsp65 chaperonin Cpn60.2 is particularly abundant and increases about 200-fold in the filtrate of the Δcpn60.1 mutant. In mice, the Δcpn60.1 mutant is less persistent in lungs and, to a lesser extent, in spleen, but it induces a comparable mycobacteria-specific gamma interferon production and protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv challenge as do the parental and complemented BCG strains. Thus, by inactivating the cpn60.1 gene in M. bovis BCG we show that Cpn60.1 is necessary for the integrity of the bacterial cell wall, is involved in resistance to H(2)O(2)-induced stress but is not essential for its vaccine potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ming Wang
- Scientific Institute of Public Health, Operational Direction of Communicable and Infectious Diseases, Rue Engeland 642, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Changlong Lu
- Scientific Institute of Public Health, Operational Direction of Communicable and Infectious Diseases, Rue Engeland 642, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Karine Soetaert
- Scientific Institute of Public Health, Operational Direction of Communicable and Infectious Diseases, Rue Engeland 642, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Catherine S'Heeren
- Department of Proteomics and Microbiology, University of Mons, 20, place du Parc, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Priska Peirs
- Scientific Institute of Public Health, Operational Direction of Communicable and Infectious Diseases, Rue Engeland 642, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marie-Antoinette Lanéelle
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of the Mycobacterial Infections, Institute of Pharmacology and Structural Biology of CNRS and the University Paul Sabatier (UMR 5089), 205 route de Narbonne, Toulouse 31077 cedex 04, France
| | - Philippe Lefèvre
- Scientific Institute of Public Health, Operational Direction of Communicable and Infectious Diseases, Rue Engeland 642, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pablo Bifani
- Scientific Institute of Public Health, Operational Direction of Communicable and Infectious Diseases, Rue Engeland 642, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean Content
- Scientific Institute of Public Health, Operational Direction of Communicable and Infectious Diseases, Rue Engeland 642, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mamadou Daffé
- Department of Molecular Mechanisms of the Mycobacterial Infections, Institute of Pharmacology and Structural Biology of CNRS and the University Paul Sabatier (UMR 5089), 205 route de Narbonne, Toulouse 31077 cedex 04, France
| | - Kris Huygen
- Scientific Institute of Public Health, Operational Direction of Communicable and Infectious Diseases, Rue Engeland 642, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jacqueline De Bruyn
- Scientific Institute of Public Health, Operational Direction of Communicable and Infectious Diseases, Rue Engeland 642, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ruddy Wattiez
- Department of Proteomics and Microbiology, University of Mons, 20, place du Parc, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Wolfe LM, Mahaffey SB, Kruh NA, Dobos KM. Proteomic definition of the cell wall of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Proteome Res 2010; 9:5816-26. [PMID: 20825248 PMCID: PMC2995261 DOI: 10.1021/pr1005873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
![]()
The cell envelope of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is complex and diverse; composed of proteins intermingled in a matrix of peptidoglycan, mycolic acids, lipids, and carbohydrates. Proteomic studies of the Mtb cell wall have been limited; nonetheless, the characterization of resident and secreted proteins associated with the cell wall are critical to understanding bacterial survival and immune modulation in the host. In this study, the cell wall proteome was defined in order to better understand its unique biosynthetic and secretion processes. Mtb cell wall was subjected to extraction with organic solvents to remove noncovalently bound lipids and lipoglycans and remaining proteins were solubilized with either SDS, Guanidine-HCl, or TX-114. These extracts were analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass-spectrometry and resulted in the identification of 234 total proteins. The lipoproteome of Mtb, enriched in the TX-114 extract, was further resolved by multidimensional chromatography and mass spectrometry to identify an additional 294 proteins. A query of the 528 total protein identifications against Neural Network or Hidden Markov model algorithms predicted secretion signals in 87 proteins. Classification of these 528 proteins also demonstrated that 35% are involved in small molecule metabolism and 25% are involved in macromolecule synthesis and degradation building upon evidence that the Mtb cell wall is actively engaged in mycobacterial survival and remodeling. The cell envelope of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is a unique structure comprised of proteins within a matrix of carbohydrates, lipids, and mycolylarabinogalactan linked to peptidoglycan. In this study, the Mtb cell wall (CW) proteome was further defined, revealing 528 proteins, with 105 novel identifications. Classification of CW proteins by signal sequence and predicted function identified 87 secreted proteins, and demonstrated 60% of the proteome engaged in small- and macromolecule metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Wolfe
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Rahman A, Srivastava SS, Sneh A, Ahmed N, Krishnasastry MV. Molecular characterization of tlyA gene product, Rv1694 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: a non-conventional hemolysin and a ribosomal RNA methyl transferase. BMC BIOCHEMISTRY 2010; 11:35. [PMID: 20854656 PMCID: PMC2954847 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2091-11-35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2009] [Accepted: 09/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a virulent bacillus causing tuberculosis, a disease responsible for million deaths each year worldwide. In order to understand its mechanism of pathogenesis in humans and to help control tuberculosis, functions of numerous Mycobacterium tuberculosis genes are being characterized. In this study we report the dual functionality of tlyA gene product of Mycobacterium tuberculosis annotated as Rv1694, a 268 amino acid long basic protein. Results The recombinant purified Rv1694 protein was found to exhibit hemolytic activity in vitro. It showed concentration and time-dependent hemolysis of rabbit and human erythrocytes. Multiple oligomeric forms (dimers to heptamers) of this protein were seen on the membranes of the lysed erythrocytes. Like the oligomers of conventional, well-known, pore-forming toxins, the oligomers of Rv1694 were found to be resistant to heat and SDS, but were susceptible to reducing agents like β-mercaptoethanol as it had abolished the hemolytic activity of Rv1694 indicating the role of disulfide bond(s). The Rv1694 generated de novo by in vitro transcription and translation also exhibited unambiguous hemolysis confirming the self assembly and oligomerization properties of this protein. Limited proteolytic digestion of this protein has revealed that the amino terminus is susceptible while in solution but is protected in presence of membrane. Striking feature of Rv1694 is its presence on the cell wall of E. coli as visualized by confocal microscopy. The surface expression is consistent with the contact dependent haemolytic ability of E. coli expressing this protein. Also, immune serum specific to this protein inhibits the contact dependent hemolysis. Moreover, Rv1694 protein binds to and forms stable oligomers on the macrophage phagosomal membranes. In addition to all these properties, E. coli expressing Rv1694 was found to be susceptible to the antibiotic capreomycin as its growth was significantly slower than mock vector transformed E. coli. The S30 extract of E. coli expressing the Rv1694 had poor translational activity in presence of capreomycin, further confirming its methylation activity. Finally, incorporation of methyl group of [3H]-S-adenosylmethionine in isolated ribosomes also confirmed its methylation activity. Conclusions The Rv1694 has an unusual dual activity. It appears to contain two diverse functions such as haemolytic activity and ribosomal RNA methylation activity. It is possible that the haemolytic activity might be relevant to intra-cellular compartments such as phagosomes rather than cell lysis of erythrocytes and the self-assembly trait may have a potential role after successful entry into macrophages by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aejazur Rahman
- National Centre for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune - 411007, Maharashtra, India
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Mehaffy C, Hess A, Prenni JE, Mathema B, Kreiswirth B, Dobos KM. Descriptive proteomic analysis shows protein variability between closely related clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Proteomics 2010; 10:1966-84. [PMID: 20217870 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200900836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The use of isobaric tags such as iTRAQ allows the relative and absolute quantification of hundreds of proteins in a single experiment for up to eight different samples. More classical techniques such as 2-DE can offer a complimentary approach for the analysis of complex protein samples. In this study, the proteomes of secreted and cytosolic proteins of genetically closely related strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis were analyzed. Analysis of 2-D gels afforded 28 spots with variations in protein abundance between strains. These were identified by MS/MS. Meanwhile, a rigorous statistical analysis of iTRAQ data allowed the identification and quantification of 101 and 137 proteins in the secreted and cytosolic fractions, respectively. Interestingly, several differences in protein levels were observed between the closely related strains BE, C28 and H6. Seven proteins related to cell wall and cell processes were more abundant in BE, while enzymes related to metabolic pathways (GltA2, SucC, Gnd1, Eno) presented lower levels in the BE strain. Proteins involved in iron and sulfur acquisition (BfrB, ViuB, TB15.3 and SseC2) were more abundant in C28 and H6. In general, iTRAQ afforded rapid identification of fine differences between protein levels such as those presented between closely related strains. This provides a platform from which the relevance of these differences can be assessed further using complimentary proteomic and biological modeling methods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Mehaffy
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1682, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Shen H, Yang E, Wang F, Jin R, Xu S, Huang Q, Wang H. Altered protein expression patterns of Mycobacterium tuberculosis induced by ATB107. J Microbiol 2010; 48:337-46. [PMID: 20571952 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-010-9315-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2009] [Accepted: 03/15/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
ATB107 is a potent inhibitor of indole-3-glycerol phosphate synthase (IGPS). It can effectively inhibit the growth of clinical isolates of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains as well as M. tuberculosis H37Rv. To investigate the mechanism of ATB107 action in M. tuberculosis, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis coupled with MALDI-TOF-MS analysis (2-DE-MS) was performed to illustrate alterations in the protein expression profile in response to ATB107. Results show that ATB107 affected tryptophan biosynthesis by decreasing the expression of protein encoded by Rv3246c, the transcriptional regulatory protein of MtrA belonging to the MtrA-MtrB two-component regulatory system, in both drug-sensitive and drug-resistant virulent strains. ATB107 might present a stress condition similar to isoniazid (INH) or ethionamide for M. tuberculosis since the altered expression in response to ATB107 of some genes, such as Rv3140, Rv2243, and Rv2428, is consistent with INH or ethionamide treatment. After incubation with ATB107, the expression of 2 proteins encoded by Rv0685 and Rv2624c was down-regulated while that of protein encoded by Rv3140 was up-regulated in all M. tuberculosis strains used in this study. This may be the common response to tryptophan absence; however, relations to ATB107 are unknown and further evaluation is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hongbo Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, PR China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Sinha S, Arora S, Kosalai K, Namane A, Pym AS, Cole ST. Proteome analysis of the plasma membrane of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Comp Funct Genomics 2010; 3:470-83. [PMID: 18629250 PMCID: PMC2448412 DOI: 10.1002/cfg.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2002] [Accepted: 09/11/2002] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The plasma membrane of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is likely to contain proteins that could serve as novel drug targets, diagnostic probes or even components of a vaccine
against tuberculosis. With this in mind, we have undertaken proteome analysis of the
membrane of M. tuberculosis H37Rv. Isolated membrane vesicles were extracted with
either a detergent (Triton X114) or an alkaline buffer (carbonate) following two of the
protocols recommended for membrane protein enrichment. Proteins were resolved
by 2D-GE using immobilized pH gradient (IPG) strips, and identified by peptide
mass mapping utilizing the M. tuberculosis genome database. The two extraction
procedures yielded patterns with minimal overlap. Only two proteins, both HSPs,
showed a common presence. MALDI–MS analysis of 61 spots led to the identification
of 32 proteins, 17 of which were new to the M. tuberculosis proteome database.
We classified 19 of the identified proteins as ‘membrane-associated’; 14 of these
were further classified as ‘membrane-bound’, three of which were lipoproteins. The
remaining proteins included four heat-shock proteins and several enzymes involved
in energy or lipid metabolism. Extraction with Triton X114 was found to be more
effective than carbonate for detecting ‘putative’ M. tuberculosis membrane proteins.
The protocol was also found to be suitable for comparing BCG and M. tuberculosis
membranes, identifying ESAT-6 as being expressed selectively in M. tuberculosis.
While this study demonstrates for the first time some of the membrane proteins of
M. tuberculosis, it also underscores the problems associated with proteomic analysis
of a complex membrane such as that of a mycobacterium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sudhir Sinha
- Division of Biochemistry, Central Drug Research Institute, Chattar Manzil, Lucknow 226001, India.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Målen H, Pathak S, Søfteland T, de Souza GA, Wiker HG. Definition of novel cell envelope associated proteins in Triton X-114 extracts of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv. BMC Microbiol 2010; 10:132. [PMID: 20429878 PMCID: PMC2874799 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-10-132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2009] [Accepted: 04/29/2010] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Membrane- and membrane-associated proteins are important for the pathogenicity of bacteria. We have analysed the content of these proteins in virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv using Triton X-114 detergent-phase separation for extraction of lipophilic proteins, followed by their identification with high resolution mass spectrometry. Results In total, 1417 different proteins were identified. In silico analysis of the identified proteins revealed that 248 proteins had at least one predicted trans-membrane region. Also, 64 of the identified proteins were predicted lipoproteins, and 54 proteins were predicted as outer membrane proteins. Three-hundred-and-ninety-five of the observed proteins, including 91 integral membrane proteins were described for the first time. Comparison of abundance levels of the identified proteins was performed using the exponentially modified protein abundance index (emPAI) which takes into account the number of the observable peptides to the number of experimentally observed peptide ions for a given protein. The outcome showed that among the membrane-and membrane-associated proteins several proteins are present with high relative abundance. Further, a close examination of the lipoprotein LpqG (Rv3623) which is only detected in the membrane fractions of M. tuberculosis but not in M. bovis, revealed that the homologous gene in M. bovis lack the signal peptide and lipobox motif, suggesting impaired export to the membrane. Conclusions Altogether, we have identified a substantial proportion of membrane- and membrane-associated proteins of M. tuberculosis H37Rv, compared the relative abundance of the identified proteins and also revealed subtle differences between the different members of the M. tuberculosis complex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiwa Målen
- Section for Microbiology and Immunology, the Gade Institute, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Nogueira L, Cardoso FC, Mattos AM, Bordignon J, Figueiredo CP, Dahlstrom P, Frota CC, Duarte Dos Santos CN, Chalhoub M, Cavada BS, Teixeira HC, Oliveira SC, Barral-Netto M, Báfica A. Mycobacterium tuberculosis Rv1419 encodes a secreted 13 kDa lectin with immunological reactivity during human tuberculosis. Eur J Immunol 2010; 40:744-53. [PMID: 20017196 DOI: 10.1002/eji.200939747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we have identified a secreted 13 kDa lectin from Mtb (Mtb, Mycobacterium tuberculosis; sMTL-13) by homology search of a non-redundant lectin database. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that sMTL-13 belongs to the ricin-type beta-trefoil family of proteins containing a Sec-type signal peptide present in Mtb complex species, but not in non-tuberculous mycobacteria. Following heterologous expression of sMTL-13 and generation of an mAb (clone 276.B7/IgG1kappa), we confirmed that this lectin is present in culture filtrate proteins from Mtb H37Rv, but not in non-tuberculous mycobacteria-derived culture filtrate proteins. In addition, sMTL-13 leads to an increased IFN-gamma production by PBMC from active tuberculosis (ATB) patients. Furthermore, sera from ATB patients displayed high titers of IgG Ab against sMTL-13, a response found to be decreased following successful anti-tuberculosis therapy. Together, our findings reveal a secreted 13 kDa ricin-like lectin from Mtb, which is immunologically recognized during ATB and could serve as a biomarker of disease treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Nogueira
- Laboratório de Imunologia e Doenças Infecciosas, Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina-SC, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Zhang G, Zhang L, Zhang M, Pan L, Wang F, Huang J, Li G, Yu J, Hu S. Screening and assessing 11 Mycobacterium tuberculosis proteins as potential serodiagnostical markers for discriminating TB patients from BCG vaccinees. GENOMICS PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS 2010; 7:107-15. [PMID: 19944383 PMCID: PMC5054411 DOI: 10.1016/s1672-0229(08)60039-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Purified protein derivative (PPD) skin tests often yield poor specificity, so that to develop new serological antigens for distinguishing between Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccination is a priority, especially for developing countries like China. We predicted the antigenicity for selected open reading frames (ORFs) based on the genome sequences of M. tuberculosis H37Rv and M. bovis BCG, as well as their functions and differences of expression under different stimulus. The candidate ORFs were cloned from H37Rv sequences and expressed as recombinant proteins in Escherichia coli. We studied the serodiagnostic potential of 11 purified recombinants by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and involving a cohort composed of 58 TB patients (34 males and 24 females), 8 healthy volunteers and 50 PPD-negative individuals before and after BCG vaccination. For all the 11 antigens, the median OD values for the sera from TB patients were statistically significantly higher than those for PPD-negative individuals before or after BCG vaccination (P<0.01). They had at least 92% specificity in healthy controls and six seroantigens (Rv0251c, Rv1973, Rv2376c, Rv2537c, Rv2785c and Rv3873A) were never reported with seroantigenicities previously. Thus the approach combining comparative genomics, bioinformatics and ELISA techniques can be employed to identify new seroantigens distinguishing M. tuberculosis infection from BCG vaccination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiang Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Deenadayalan A, Heaslip D, Rajendiran AA, Velayudham BV, Frederick S, Yang HL, Dobos K, Belisle JT, Raja A. Immunoproteomic identification of human T cell antigens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis that differentiate healthy contacts from tuberculosis patients. Mol Cell Proteomics 2009; 9:538-49. [PMID: 20031926 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m900299-mcp200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens inducing cellular immune responses is required to improve the diagnosis of and vaccine development against tuberculosis. To identify the antigens of M. tuberculosis that differentiated between tuberculosis (TB) patients and healthy contacts based on T cell reactivity, the culture filtrate of in vitro grown M. tuberculosis was fractionated by two-dimensional liquid phase electrophoresis and tested for the ability to stimulate T cells in a whole blood assay. This approach separated the culture filtrate into 350 fractions with sufficient protein quantity (at least 200 microg of protein) for mass spectrometry and immunological analyses. High levels of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) secretion were induced by 105 fractions in healthy contacts compared with TB patients (p < 0.05). Most interesting was the identification of 10 fractions that specifically induced strong IFN-gamma production in the healthy contact population but not in TB patients. Other immunological measurements showed 42 fractions that induced significant lymphocyte proliferative responses in the healthy contact group compared with the TB patients. The tumor necrosis factor-alpha response for most of the fractions did not significantly differ in the tested groups, and the interleukin-4 response was below the detectable range for all fractions and both study groups. Proteomic characterization of the 105 fractions that induced a significant IFN-gamma response in the healthy contacts compared with the TB patients led to the identification of 59 proteins of which 24 represented potentially novel T cell antigens. Likewise, the protein identification in the 10 healthy "contact-specific fractions" revealed 16 proteins that are key candidates as vaccine or diagnostic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anbarasu Deenadayalan
- Tuberculosis Research Centre, Indian Council of Medical Research, Mayor V. R. Ramanathan Road, Chetput, Chennai 600 031, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Gupta MK, Subramanian V, Yadav JS. Immunoproteomic Identification of Secretory and Subcellular Protein Antigens and Functional Evaluation of the Secretome Fraction of Mycobacterium immunogenum, a Newly Recognized Species of the Mycobacterium chelonae−Mycobacterium abscessus Group. J Proteome Res 2009; 8:2319-30. [DOI: 10.1021/pr8009462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manish K. Gupta
- Microbial Pathogenesis Laboratory, Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267-0056
| | - Venkataramanan Subramanian
- Microbial Pathogenesis Laboratory, Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267-0056
| | - Jagjit S. Yadav
- Microbial Pathogenesis Laboratory, Department of Environmental Health, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267-0056
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Rodríguez-Alvarez M, Mendoza-Hernández G, Encarnación S, Calva JJ, López-Vidal Y. Phenotypic differences between BCG vaccines at the proteome level. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2009; 89:126-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2008.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2008] [Revised: 10/28/2008] [Accepted: 12/14/2008] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
50
|
González-Zamorano M, Mendoza-Hernández G, Xolalpa W, Parada C, Vallecillo AJ, Bigi F, Espitia C. Mycobacterium tuberculosis Glycoproteomics Based on ConA-Lectin Affinity Capture of Mannosylated Proteins. J Proteome Res 2009; 8:721-33. [DOI: 10.1021/pr800756a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Margarita González-Zamorano
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, C.P. 04510, México, D.F. México, Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, C.P. 04510, México, and Instituto de Biotecnología, CICVyA-INTA Castelar, Los Reseros y Las Cabañas B1712WAA Hurlingham, Argentina
| | - Guillermo Mendoza-Hernández
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, C.P. 04510, México, D.F. México, Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, C.P. 04510, México, and Instituto de Biotecnología, CICVyA-INTA Castelar, Los Reseros y Las Cabañas B1712WAA Hurlingham, Argentina
| | - Wendy Xolalpa
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, C.P. 04510, México, D.F. México, Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, C.P. 04510, México, and Instituto de Biotecnología, CICVyA-INTA Castelar, Los Reseros y Las Cabañas B1712WAA Hurlingham, Argentina
| | - Cristina Parada
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, C.P. 04510, México, D.F. México, Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, C.P. 04510, México, and Instituto de Biotecnología, CICVyA-INTA Castelar, Los Reseros y Las Cabañas B1712WAA Hurlingham, Argentina
| | - Antonio J. Vallecillo
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, C.P. 04510, México, D.F. México, Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, C.P. 04510, México, and Instituto de Biotecnología, CICVyA-INTA Castelar, Los Reseros y Las Cabañas B1712WAA Hurlingham, Argentina
| | - Fabiana Bigi
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, C.P. 04510, México, D.F. México, Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, C.P. 04510, México, and Instituto de Biotecnología, CICVyA-INTA Castelar, Los Reseros y Las Cabañas B1712WAA Hurlingham, Argentina
| | - Clara Espitia
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, C.P. 04510, México, D.F. México, Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, C.P. 04510, México, and Instituto de Biotecnología, CICVyA-INTA Castelar, Los Reseros y Las Cabañas B1712WAA Hurlingham, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|