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Chang H, Sun J, Ma J, Zhao Y, Guo T, Wei Y, Cong H, Yin L, Zhang X, Wang H. Decreased serum tryptophan levels in patients with MOGAD:a cross-sectional survey. Clin Chim Acta 2024; 558:119669. [PMID: 38599541 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2024.119669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder of central nervous system (CNS). Tryptophan indole catabolites have been reported to associate with the inflammatory diseases of the CNS. However, the roles of tryptophan indole catabolites have been rarely elucidated in MOGAD. METHODS This cross-sectional study enrolled forty MOGAD patients, twenty patients with other non-inflammatory neurological diseases (OND) and thirty-five healthy participants. Serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples of MOGAD and OND subjects during clinical attacks, serum samples of healthy participants were obtained. The concentrations of tryptophan, indoleacetic acid (IAA), indoleacrylic acid (IA) and indole-3-carboxylic acid (I-3-CA) were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). The correlations between tryptophan indole catabolites and maintenance immunotherapy, disease duration, overall numbers of attacks, short-term outcome in MOGAD patients were investigated. RESULTS Levels of serum tryptophan, IAA, IA and CSF tryptophan in MOGAD patients were significantly decreased, while levels of serum I-3-CA and CSF IA were markedly increased compared with OND patients and healthy controls. Levels of serum tryptophan, CSF tryptophan and IA were significantly decreased in MOGAD patients who had received maintenance immunotherapy within 6 months before the attack. In MOGAD patients, serum and CSF tryptophan conversely correlated with disease duration and overall numbers of attacks, and serum IA negatively correlated with disease duration. Furthermore, serum tryptophan in MOGAD patients negatively correlated with the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores at 3 months. CONCLUSION This study manifested decreased serum tryptophan levels and serum tryptophan may be the potential marker to predict the short-term outcome in MOGAD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoxiao Chang
- Neuroinfection and Neuroimmunology Center, Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Jiali Sun
- Neuroinfection and Neuroimmunology Center, Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Jia Ma
- Neuroinfection and Neuroimmunology Center, Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China; Department of Neurology, Beijing Shunyi Hospital, Beijing 101300, China
| | - Yaobo Zhao
- Neuroinfection and Neuroimmunology Center, Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Tianshu Guo
- Neuroinfection and Neuroimmunology Center, Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Yuzhen Wei
- Neuroinfection and Neuroimmunology Center, Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Hengri Cong
- Neuroinfection and Neuroimmunology Center, Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Linlin Yin
- Neuroinfection and Neuroimmunology Center, Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China
| | - Xinghu Zhang
- Neuroinfection and Neuroimmunology Center, Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China.
| | - Huabing Wang
- Neuroinfection and Neuroimmunology Center, Department of Neurology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, China.
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Sunon P, Ngokpho B, Kaewket K, Wannapaiboon S, Ngamchuea K. Copper(II) phthalocyanine as an electrocatalytic electrode for cathodic detection of urinary tryptophan. Analyst 2024; 149:3041-3051. [PMID: 38625079 DOI: 10.1039/d4an00418c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we introduce a novel method for tryptophan detection via a reduction reaction facilitated by its interaction with a copper(II) phthalocyanine (CuPc) electrocatalytic electrode. This method addresses challenges associated with the susceptibility of the oxidation response to interference from various species when measuring tryptophan in bodily fluids. The reduction currents exhibit a linear increase with tryptophan concentrations in two ranges: 0.0013-0.10 mM and 0.10-1.20 mM, with the sensitivities of 14.7 ± 0.5 μA mM-1 and 3.5 ± 0.1 μA mM-1, respectively. The limit of detection (LOD, 3SB/m) is determined to be 0.39 μM. The sensor exhibits excellent reproducibility, with the relative standard deviation of <5%. Application of the sensor to authentic urine samples yields a % recovery of 101 ± 4%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pachanuporn Sunon
- School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, 111 University Avenue, Suranaree, Muang, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand.
- Institute of Research and Development, Suranaree University of Technology, 111 University Avenue, Suranaree, Muang, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
| | - Busarakham Ngokpho
- School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, 111 University Avenue, Suranaree, Muang, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand.
| | - Keerakit Kaewket
- School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, 111 University Avenue, Suranaree, Muang, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand.
| | - Suttipong Wannapaiboon
- Synchrotron Light Research Institute, 111 University Avenue, Suranaree, Muang, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
| | - Kamonwad Ngamchuea
- School of Chemistry, Institute of Science, Suranaree University of Technology, 111 University Avenue, Suranaree, Muang, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand.
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Tian H, Huang D, Wang J, Li H, Gao J, Zhong Y, Xia L, Zhang A, Lin Z, Ke X. The role of the "gut microbiota-mitochondria" crosstalk in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1404995. [PMID: 38741740 PMCID: PMC11089144 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1404995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a neurologic autoimmune disease whose exact pathophysiologic mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Recent studies have shown that the onset and progression of MS are associated with dysbiosis of the gut microbiota. Similarly, a large body of evidence suggests that mitochondrial dysfunction may also have a significant impact on the development of MS. Endosymbiotic theory has found that human mitochondria are microbial in origin and share similar biological characteristics with the gut microbiota. Therefore, gut microbiota and mitochondrial function crosstalk are relevant in the development of MS. However, the relationship between gut microbiota and mitochondrial function in the development of MS is not fully understood. Therefore, by synthesizing previous relevant literature, this paper focuses on the changes in gut microbiota and metabolite composition in the development of MS and the possible mechanisms of the crosstalk between gut microbiota and mitochondrial function in the progression of MS, to provide new therapeutic approaches for the prevention or reduction of MS based on this crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Tian
- School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Dunbing Huang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huaqiang Li
- School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiaxin Gao
- School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yue Zhong
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Libin Xia
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Anren Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhonghua Lin
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Provincial Center for Geriatrics, Fujian Provincia Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaohua Ke
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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Williams LM, Cao S. Harnessing and delivering microbial metabolites as therapeutics via advanced pharmaceutical approaches. Pharmacol Ther 2024; 256:108605. [PMID: 38367866 PMCID: PMC10985132 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2024.108605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Microbial metabolites have emerged as key players in the interplay between diet, the gut microbiome, and host health. Two major classes, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and tryptophan (Trp) metabolites, are recognized to regulate inflammatory, immune, and metabolic responses within the host. Given that many human diseases are associated with dysbiosis of the gut microbiome and consequent reductions in microbial metabolite production, the administration of these metabolites represents a direct, multi-targeted treatment. While a multitude of preclinical studies showcase the therapeutic potential of both SCFAs and Trp metabolites, they often rely on high doses and frequent dosing regimens to achieve systemic effects, thereby constraining their clinical applicability. To address these limitations, a variety of pharmaceutical formulations approaches that enable targeted, delayed, and/or sustained microbial metabolite delivery have been developed. These approaches, including enteric encapsulations, esterification to dietary fiber, prodrugs, and nanoformulations, pave the way for the next generation of microbial metabolite-based therapeutics. In this review, we first provide an overview of the roles of microbial metabolites in maintaining host homeostasis and outline how compromised metabolite production contributes to the pathogenesis of inflammatory, metabolic, autoimmune, allergic, infectious, and cancerous diseases. Additionally, we explore the therapeutic potential of metabolites in these disease contexts. Then, we provide a comprehensive and up-to-date review of the pharmaceutical strategies that have been employed to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of microbial metabolites, with a focus on SCFAs and Trp metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey M Williams
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States
| | - Shijie Cao
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, United States.
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Jank L, Bhargava P. Relationship Between Multiple Sclerosis, Gut Dysbiosis, and Inflammation: Considerations for Treatment. Neurol Clin 2024; 42:55-76. [PMID: 37980123 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncl.2023.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is associated with gut dysbiosis, marked by changes in the relative abundances of specific microbes, circulating gut-derived metabolites, and altered gut permeability. This gut dysbiosis promotes disease pathology by increasing circulating proinflammatory bacterial factors, reducing tolerogenic factors, inducing molecular mimicry, and changing microbial nutrient metabolism. Beneficial antiinflammatory effects of the microbiome can be harnessed in therapeutic interventions. In the future, it is essential to assess the efficacy of these therapies in randomized controlled clinical trials to help make dietary and gut dysbiosis management an integral part of multiple sclerosis care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Jank
- Division of Neuroimmunology and Neurological Infections, Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Meyer 6-144, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Pavan Bhargava
- Division of Neuroimmunology and Neurological Infections, Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Meyer 6-144, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
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Ladakis DC, Harrison KL, Smith MD, Solem K, Gadani S, Jank L, Hwang S, Farhadi F, Dewey BE, Fitzgerald KC, Sotirchos ES, Saidha S, Calabresi PA, Bhargava P. Bile acid metabolites predict multiple sclerosis progression and supplementation is safe in progressive disease. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.01.17.24301393. [PMID: 38293182 PMCID: PMC10827276 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.17.24301393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Background Bile acid metabolism is altered in multiple sclerosis (MS) and tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) supplementation ameliorated disease in mouse models of MS. Methods Global metabolomics was performed in an observational cohort of people with MS followed by pathway analysis to examine relationships between baseline metabolite levels and subsequent brain and retinal atrophy. A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, was completed in people with progressive MS (PMS), randomized to receive either TUDCA (2g daily) or placebo for 16 weeks. Participants were followed with serial clinical and laboratory assessments. Primary outcomes were safety and tolerability of TUDCA, and exploratory outcomes included changes in clinical, laboratory and gut microbiome parameters. Results In the observational cohort, higher primary bile acid levels at baseline predicted slower whole brain, brain substructure and specific retinal layer atrophy. In the clinical trial, 47 participants were included in our analyses (21 in placebo arm, 26 in TUDCA arm). Adverse events did not significantly differ between arms (p=0.77). The TUDCA arm demonstrated increased serum levels of multiple bile acids. No significant differences were noted in clinical or fluid biomarker outcomes. Central memory CD4+ and Th1/17 cells decreased, while CD4+ naïve cells increased in the TUDCA arm compared to placebo. Changes in the composition and function of gut microbiota were also noted in the TUDCA arm compared to placebo. Conclusion Bile acid metabolism in MS is linked with brain and retinal atrophy. TUDCA supplementation in PMS is safe, tolerable and has measurable biological effects that warrant further evaluation in larger trials with a longer treatment duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios C. Ladakis
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Baltimore, United States
| | - Kimystian L. Harrison
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Baltimore, United States
| | - Matthew D. Smith
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Baltimore, United States
| | - Krista Solem
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Baltimore, United States
| | - Sachin Gadani
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Baltimore, United States
| | - Larissa Jank
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Baltimore, United States
| | - Soonmyung Hwang
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Baltimore, United States
| | - Farzaneh Farhadi
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Baltimore, United States
| | - Blake E. Dewey
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Baltimore, United States
| | - Kathryn C. Fitzgerald
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Baltimore, United States
| | - Elias S. Sotirchos
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Baltimore, United States
| | - Shiv Saidha
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Baltimore, United States
| | - Peter A. Calabresi
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Baltimore, United States
| | - Pavan Bhargava
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Neurology, Baltimore, United States
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Nisar S, Haris M. Neuroimaging genetics approaches to identify new biomarkers for the early diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:4995-5008. [PMID: 37069342 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02060-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
Autism-spectrum disorders (ASDs) are developmental disabilities that manifest in early childhood and are characterized by qualitative abnormalities in social behaviors, communication skills, and restrictive or repetitive behaviors. To explore the neurobiological mechanisms in ASD, extensive research has been done to identify potential diagnostic biomarkers through a neuroimaging genetics approach. Neuroimaging genetics helps to identify ASD-risk genes that contribute to structural and functional variations in brain circuitry and validate biological changes by elucidating the mechanisms and pathways that confer genetic risk. Integrating artificial intelligence models with neuroimaging data lays the groundwork for accurate diagnosis and facilitates the identification of early diagnostic biomarkers for ASD. This review discusses the significance of neuroimaging genetics approaches to gaining a better understanding of the perturbed neurochemical system and molecular pathways in ASD and how these approaches can detect structural, functional, and metabolic changes and lead to the discovery of novel biomarkers for the early diagnosis of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabah Nisar
- Laboratory of Molecular and Metabolic Imaging, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Mohammad Haris
- Laboratory of Molecular and Metabolic Imaging, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar.
- Center for Advanced Metabolic Imaging in Precision Medicine, Department of Radiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Laboratory Animal Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
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Zhou Y, Chen Y, He H, Peng M, Zeng M, Sun H. The role of the indoles in microbiota-gut-brain axis and potential therapeutic targets: A focus on human neurological and neuropsychiatric diseases. Neuropharmacology 2023; 239:109690. [PMID: 37619773 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
At present, a large number of relevant studies have suggested that the changes in gut microbiota are related to the course of nervous system diseases, and the microbiota-gut-brain axis is necessary for the proper functioning of the nervous system. Indole and its derivatives, as the products of the gut microbiota metabolism of tryptophan, can be used as ligands to regulate inflammation and autoimmune response in vivo. In recent years, some studies have found that the levels of indole and its derivatives differ significantly between patients with central nervous system diseases and healthy individuals, suggesting that they may be important mediators for the involvement of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in the disease course. Tryptophan metabolites produced by gut microbiota are involved in multiple physiological reactions, take indole for example, it participates in the process of inflammation and anti-inflammatory effects through various cellular physiological activities mediated by aromatic hydrocarbon receptors (AHR), which can influence a variety of neurological and neuropsychiatric diseases. This review mainly explores and summarizes the relationship between indoles and human neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders, including ischemic stroke, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, cognitive impairment, depression and anxiety, and puts forward that the level of indoles can be regulated through various direct or indirect ways to improve the prognosis of central nervous system diseases and reverse the dysfunction of the microbiota-gut-brain axis. This article is part of the Special Issue on "Microbiome & the Brain: Mechanisms & Maladies".
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhou
- Clinical Biobank Center, Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital and the Second Clinical Medical College, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China; Neurosurgery Center, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Clinical Biobank Center, Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital and the Second Clinical Medical College, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China; Neurosurgery Center, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China
| | - Hui He
- Clinical Biobank Center, Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital and the Second Clinical Medical College, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China; Neurosurgery Center, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China
| | - Meichang Peng
- Clinical Biobank Center, Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital and the Second Clinical Medical College, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China; Neurosurgery Center, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China
| | - Meiqin Zeng
- Clinical Biobank Center, Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital and the Second Clinical Medical College, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China; Neurosurgery Center, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China
| | - Haitao Sun
- Clinical Biobank Center, Microbiome Medicine Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital and the Second Clinical Medical College, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China; Neurosurgery Center, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510282, China; Key Laboratory of Mental Health of the Ministry of Education, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China.
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Shi Y, Qi C, Bai Y. The immunometabolic landscape of bone marrow cells in multiple sclerosis. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23267. [PMID: 37878265 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202300694r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
In multiple sclerosis (MS), the bone marrow hematopoietic system supplies immune cells to orchestrate central nervous system (CNS) inflammation and autoimmunity. Understanding the metabolic processes within the bone marrow is essential for unraveling the phenotype and function of immune cells. However, a comprehensive exploration of the metabolic landscape and its association with systemic immune response in MS at the single-cell level has yet to be elucidated. Herein, we conducted an analysis of 70 289 bone marrow cells obtained from seven patients with MS and seven health controls (referenced as HRA001783) to address this question. Our focus was primarily on investigating the metabolic preferences of diverse immune cell populations and delineating their metabolic manifestations in the bone marrow microenvironment of MS. Through our analysis, we observed the activation of carbohydrate and amino acid metabolic pathways in the bone marrow cells of MS patients. Notably, we discovered significant metabolic alterations in cell-cell communication within the plasma cell population in the MS bone marrow. These findings shed light on the complex metabolic landscape within the bone marrow niche during MS and highlight the distinctive metabolic characteristics of plasma cells in this context, which may provoke novel understanding of MS pathogenesis and promote future design of immune therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Shi
- Department of Neurology, Dalian University Affiliated Xinhua Hospital, Dalian, China
| | - Caiyun Qi
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Bai
- Department of Neurology, Dalian University Affiliated Xinhua Hospital, Dalian, China
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Yadav SK, Ito K, Dhib-Jalbut S. Interaction of the Gut Microbiome and Immunity in Multiple Sclerosis: Impact of Diet and Immune Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14756. [PMID: 37834203 PMCID: PMC10572709 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The bidirectional communication between the gut and central nervous system (CNS) through microbiota is known as the microbiota-gut-brain axis. The brain, through the enteric neural innervation and the vagus nerve, influences the gut physiological activities (motility, mucin, and peptide secretion), as well as the development of the mucosal immune system. Conversely, the gut can influence the CNS via intestinal microbiota, its metabolites, and gut-homing immune cells. Growing evidence suggests that gut immunity is critically involved in gut-brain communication during health and diseases, including multiple sclerosis (MS). The gut microbiota can influence the development and function of gut immunity, and conversely, the innate and adaptive mucosal immunity can influence microbiota composition. Gut and systemic immunity, along with gut microbiota, are perturbed in MS. Diet and disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) can affect the composition of the gut microbial community, leading to changes in gut and peripheral immunity, which ultimately affects MS. A high-fat diet is highly associated with gut dysbiosis-mediated inflammation and intestinal permeability, while a high-fiber diet/short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) can promote the development of Foxp3 Tregs and improvement in intestinal barrier function, which subsequently suppress CNS autoimmunity in the animal model of MS (experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis or EAE). This review will address the role of gut immunity and its modulation by diet and DMTs via gut microbiota during MS pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhir Kumar Yadav
- Department of Neurology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; (S.K.Y.); (K.I.)
| | - Kouichi Ito
- Department of Neurology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; (S.K.Y.); (K.I.)
| | - Suhayl Dhib-Jalbut
- Department of Neurology, Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA; (S.K.Y.); (K.I.)
- Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07101, USA
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Shaw C, Hess M, Weimer BC. Microbial-Derived Tryptophan Metabolites and Their Role in Neurological Disease: Anthranilic Acid and Anthranilic Acid Derivatives. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1825. [PMID: 37512997 PMCID: PMC10384668 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11071825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome provides the host access to otherwise indigestible nutrients, which are often further metabolized by the microbiome into bioactive components. The gut microbiome can also shift the balance of host-produced compounds, which may alter host health. One precursor to bioactive metabolites is the essential aromatic amino acid tryptophan. Tryptophan is mostly shunted into the kynurenine pathway but is also the primary metabolite for serotonin production and the bacterial indole pathway. Balance between tryptophan-derived bioactive metabolites is crucial for neurological homeostasis and metabolic imbalance can trigger or exacerbate neurological diseases. Alzheimer's, depression, and schizophrenia have been linked to diverging levels of tryptophan-derived anthranilic, kynurenic, and quinolinic acid. Anthranilic acid from collective microbiome metabolism plays a complex but important role in systemic host health. Although anthranilic acid and its metabolic products are of great importance for host-microbe interaction in neurological health, literature examining the mechanistic relationships between microbial production, host regulation, and neurological diseases is scarce and at times conflicting. This narrative review provides an overview of the current understanding of anthranilic acid's role in neurological health and disease, with particular focus on the contribution of the gut microbiome, the gut-brain axis, and the involvement of the three major tryptophan pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Shaw
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, 100K Pathogen Genome Project, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Matthias Hess
- Department of Animal Science, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Bart C Weimer
- Department of Population Health and Reproduction, 100K Pathogen Genome Project, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Virupakshaiah A, Ladakis DC, Nourbakhsh B, Bhargava P, Dilwali S, Schoeps V, Borkowski K, Newman JW, Waubant E. Several serum lipid metabolites are associated with relapse risk in pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2023; 29:936-944. [PMID: 37199529 PMCID: PMC10524330 DOI: 10.1177/13524585231171517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The circulating metabolome is altered in multiple sclerosis (MS), but its prognostic capabilities have not been extensively explored. Lipid metabolites might be of particular interest due to their multiple roles in the brain, as they can serve as structural components, energy sources, and bioactive molecules. Gaining a deeper understanding of the disease may be possible by examining the lipid metabolism in the periphery, which serves as the primary source of lipids for the brain. OBJECTIVE To determine if altered serum lipid metabolites are associated with the risk of relapse and disability in children with MS. METHODS We collected serum samples from 61 participants with pediatric-onset MS within 4 years of disease onset. Prospective longitudinal relapse data and cross-sectional disability measures (Expanded Disability Status Scale [EDSS]) were collected. Serum metabolomics was performed using untargeted liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. Individual lipid metabolites were clustered into pre-defined pathways. The associations between clusters of metabolites and relapse rate and EDSS score were estimated utilizing negative binomial and linear regression models, respectively. RESULTS We found that serum acylcarnitines (relapse rate: normalized enrichment score [NES] = 2.1, q = 1.03E-04; EDSS: NES = 1.7, q = 0.02) and poly-unsaturated fatty acids (relapse rate: NES = 1.6, q = 0.047; EDSS: NES = 1.9, q = 0.005) were associated with higher relapse rates and EDSS, while serum phosphatidylethanolamines (relapse rate: NES = -2.3, q = 0.002; EDSS: NES = -2.1, q = 0.004), plasmalogens (relapse rate: NES = -2.5, q = 5.81E-04; EDSS: NES = -2.1, q = 0.004), and primary bile acid metabolites (relapse rate: NES = -2.0, q = 0.02; EDSS: NES = -1.9, q = 0.02) were associated with lower relapse rates and lower EDSS. CONCLUSION This study supports the role of some lipid metabolites in pediatric MS relapses and disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akash Virupakshaiah
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Dimitrios C Ladakis
- Division of Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Bardia Nourbakhsh
- Division of Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Pavan Bhargava
- Division of Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sonam Dilwali
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Vinicius Schoeps
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kamil Borkowski
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - John W Newman
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Western Human Nutrition Research Center, Davis, CA, USA Department of Nutrition, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Emmanuelle Waubant
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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13
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Mitra S, Munni YA, Dash R, Sadhu T, Barua L, Islam MA, Chowdhury D, Bhattacharjee D, Mazumder K, Moon IS. Gut Microbiota in Autophagy Regulation: New Therapeutic Perspective in Neurodegeneration. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13040957. [PMID: 37109487 PMCID: PMC10144697 DOI: 10.3390/life13040957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota and the brain are related via a complex bidirectional interconnective network. Thus, intestinal homeostasis is a crucial factor for the brain, as it can control the environment of the central nervous system and play a significant role in disease progression. The link between neuropsychological behavior or neurodegeneration and gut dysbiosis is well established, but many involved pathways remain unknown. Accumulating studies showed that metabolites derived from gut microbiota are involved in the autophagy activation of various organs, including the brain, one of the major pathways of the protein clearance system that is essential for protein aggregate clearance. On the other hand, some metabolites are evidenced to disrupt the autophagy process, which can be a modulator of neurodegeneration. However, the detailed mechanism of autophagy regulation by gut microbiota remains elusive, and little research only focused on that. Here we tried to evaluate the crosstalk between gut microbiota metabolites and impaired autophagy of the central nervous system in neurodegeneration and the key to future research regarding gut dysbiosis and compromised autophagy in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarmistha Mitra
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeasmin Akter Munni
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Raju Dash
- Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Toma Sadhu
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Asian University for Women, Chittagong 4000, Bangladesh
| | - Largess Barua
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Republic of Korea
| | - Md. Ariful Islam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka 1229, Bangladesh
| | - Dipannita Chowdhury
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong 4381, Bangladesh
| | - Debpriya Bhattacharjee
- Faculty of Environment and Natural Sciences, Brandenburg Technical University Cottbus Senftenberg, D-03013 Cottbus, Germany
| | - Kishor Mazumder
- Department of Pharmacy, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore 7408, Bangladesh
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Il Soo Moon
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea
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14
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Zhang Y, Chen R, Zhang D, Qi S, Liu Y. Metabolite interactions between host and microbiota during health and disease: Which feeds the other? Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 160:114295. [PMID: 36709600 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolites produced by the host and microbiota play a crucial role in how human bodies develop and remain healthy. Most of these metabolites are produced by microbiota and hosts in the digestive tract. Metabolites in the gut have important roles in energy metabolism, cellular communication, and host immunity, among other physiological activities. Although numerous host metabolites, such as free fatty acids, amino acids, and vitamins, are found in the intestine, metabolites generated by gut microbiota are equally vital for intestinal homeostasis. Furthermore, microbiota in the gut is the sole source of some metabolites, including short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Metabolites produced by microbiota, such as neurotransmitters and hormones, may modulate and significantly affect host metabolism. The gut microbiota is becoming recognized as a second endocrine system. A variety of chronic inflammatory disorders have been linked to aberrant host-microbiota interplays, but the precise mechanisms underpinning these disturbances and how they might lead to diseases remain to be fully elucidated. Microbiome-modulated metabolites are promising targets for new drug discovery due to their endocrine function in various complex disorders. In humans, metabolotherapy for the prevention or treatment of various disorders will be possible if we better understand the metabolic preferences of bacteria and the host in specific tissues and organs. Better disease treatments may be possible with the help of novel complementary therapies that target host or bacterial metabolism. The metabolites, their physiological consequences, and functional mechanisms of the host-microbiota interplays will be highlighted, summarized, and discussed in this overview.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Department of Anethesiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, People's Republic of China.
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, People's Republic of China.
| | - DuoDuo Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province 130021, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shuang Qi
- Department of Anethesiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Yang Y, Wang N, Xu L, Liu Y, Huang L, Gu M, Wu Y, Guo W, Sun H. Aryl hydrocarbon receptor dependent anti-inflammation and neuroprotective effects of tryptophan metabolites on retinal ischemia/reperfusion injury. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:92. [PMID: 36754954 PMCID: PMC9908897 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05616-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Glaucoma is the major cause of irreversible blindness in the world characterized by progressive retinal neurodegeneration, in which local inflammation in retina is involved in persistent loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). In order to explore whether aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and its agonists tryptophan metabolites are involved in the development of glaucoma, we collected serum and retinas from non-glaucoma controls and patients with glaucoma. Results showed altered serum tryptophan metabolism and reduced retinal AhR expression in glaucoma patients. We also showed intraperitoneally injection of tryptophan metabolite 2-(1'H-indole-3'-carbonyl)-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid methyl ester (ITE) down-regulated retinal local inflammation and protected RGC apoptosis from retinal ischemia/reperfusion (IR) injury via AhR activation. We further revealed that ITE could inhibit inflammation in BV2 microglia and alleviate the neurotoxicity of microglial conditioned medium to RGCs under IR. Finally, we illustrated the possible mechanism that ITE limited ERK and NFκB dependent microglial inflammation. In summary, these findings suggest the critical role of tryptophan metabolism and retinal AhR signaling in modulating local inflammation mediated by microglia in glaucoma, and provide a novel avenue to targeting the intrinsically altered AhR signaling resulted from disturbed tryptophan metabolism for glaucoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijie Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yixin Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Lulu Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengyang Gu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenyi Guo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai 9th People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, China.
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16
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Ladakis DC, Bhargava P. The Role of Gut Dysbiosis and Potential Approaches to Target the Gut Microbiota in Multiple Sclerosis. CNS Drugs 2023; 37:117-132. [PMID: 36690786 DOI: 10.1007/s40263-023-00986-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
It has now been established that a perturbation in gut microbiome composition exists in multiple sclerosis (MS) and its interplay with the immune system and brain could potentially contribute to the development of the disease and influence its course. The effects of the gut microbiota on the disease may be mediated by direct interactions between bacteria and immune cells or through interactions of products of bacterial metabolism with immune and CNS cells. In this review article we summarize the ways in which the gut microbiome of people with MS differs from controls and how bacterial metabolites can potentially play a role in MS pathogenesis, and examine approaches to alter the composition of the gut microbiota potentially alleviating gut dysbiosis and impacting the course of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios C Ladakis
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N Wolfe St, Pathology 627, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Pavan Bhargava
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N Wolfe St, Pathology 627, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
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17
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Peng F, She H, Wang Y, Xu L, Shan Y, Chang Y, Zhong X, Li R, Qiu W, Shu Y, Tan S. Decreased kynurenine in cerebrospinal fluid and potential role in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder. J Neurochem 2023; 165:259-267. [PMID: 36718502 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Tryptophan (Trp) metabolism has been implicated in neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative disorders, but its relationship with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is unclear. In this pilot study, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was prospectively collected from 26 NMOSD patients in relapse and 16 controls with noninflammatory diseases and 6 neurometabolites in the tryptophan metabolic pathway, including 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), kynurenine (KYN), melatonin (MLT), 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5HIAA), 3-hydroxy-o-aminobenzoic acid (3-HAA), and kynurenic acid (KYA), were measured by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). The association of Trp metabolites with NMOSD and its clinical parameters was evaluated. The role of KYN, which is a Trp metabolite involved in the binding of NMOSD-IgG antibody to aquaporin 4 (AQP4), was also evaluated in vitro. CSF KYN was significantly decreased in patients with relapsing NMOSD compared to controls, and CSF KYN was associated with CSF white blood cells in NMOSD. In vitro experiments showed that NMOSD-IgG specifically recognized KYN, which reversed the NMOSD-IgG-induced downregulation of AQP4 expression. Our results show that abnormal Trp metabolism occurs in NMOSD and that KYN might be a potential target for the treatment of AQP4-IgG-positive NMOSD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuhua Peng
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Mental and Neurological Diseases Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongda She
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Mental and Neurological Diseases Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuge Wang
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Mental and Neurological Diseases Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Xu
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Mental and Neurological Diseases Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yilong Shan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanyu Chang
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Mental and Neurological Diseases Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaonan Zhong
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Mental and Neurological Diseases Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Li
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Mental and Neurological Diseases Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Qiu
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Mental and Neurological Diseases Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaqing Shu
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Mental and Neurological Diseases Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sha Tan
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Mental and Neurological Diseases Research Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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18
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Lorefice L, Pitzalis M, Murgia F, Fenu G, Atzori L, Cocco E. Omics approaches to understanding the efficacy and safety of disease-modifying treatments in multiple sclerosis. Front Genet 2023; 14:1076421. [PMID: 36793897 PMCID: PMC9922720 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1076421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
From the perspective of precision medicine, the challenge for the future is to improve the accuracy of diagnosis, prognosis, and prediction of therapeutic responses through the identification of biomarkers. In this framework, the omics sciences (genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics) and their combined use represent innovative approaches for the exploration of the complexity and heterogeneity of multiple sclerosis (MS). This review examines the evidence currently available on the application of omics sciences to MS, analyses the methods, their limitations, the samples used, and their characteristics, with a particular focus on biomarkers associated with the disease state, exposure to disease-modifying treatments (DMTs), and drug efficacies and safety profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Lorefice
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Binaghi Hospital, ASL Cagliari, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
- *Correspondence: Lorena Lorefice,
| | - Maristella Pitzalis
- Institute for Genetic and Biomedical Research, National Research Council, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Federica Murgia
- Dpt of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Fenu
- Department of Neurosciences, ARNAS Brotzu, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Luigi Atzori
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Binaghi Hospital, ASL Cagliari, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Eleonora Cocco
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Binaghi Hospital, ASL Cagliari, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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19
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Devolder L, Pauwels A, Van Remoortel A, Falony G, Vieira-Silva S, Nagels G, De Keyser J, Raes J, D’Hooghe MB. Gut microbiome composition is associated with long-term disability worsening in multiple sclerosis. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2180316. [PMID: 36803643 PMCID: PMC9980703 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2180316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Predicting the long-term outcome of multiple sclerosis (MS) remains an important challenge to this day. As the gut microbiota is emerging as a potential player in MS, we investigated in this study whether gut microbial composition at baseline is related to long-term disability worsening in a longitudinal cohort of 111 MS patients. Fecal samples and extensive host metadata were collected at baseline and 3 months post-baseline, with additional repeated neurological measurements performed over (median) 4.4 y. Worsening (with EDSS-Plus) occurred in 39/95 patients (outcome undetermined for 16 individuals). The inflammation-associated, dysbiotic Bacteroides 2 enterotype (Bact2) was detected at baseline in 43.6% of worsened patients, while only 16.1% of non-worsened patients harbored Bact2. This association was independent of identified confounders, and Bact2 was more strongly associated with EDSS-Plus than neurofilament light chain (NfL) plasma levels. Furthermore, using fecal sampling performed 3 months post-baseline, we observed Bact2 to be relatively stable, suggesting its potential use as a prognostic biomarker in MS clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay Devolder
- Laboratory of Molecular Bacteriology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium,Center for Microbiology, VIB Center for Microbiology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium,Center for Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Jette, Belgium
| | - Ayla Pauwels
- Laboratory of Molecular Bacteriology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium,Center for Microbiology, VIB Center for Microbiology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium,Center for Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Jette, Belgium,Department of Neurology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Jette, Belgium,National Multiple Sclerosis Center, Melsbroek, Belgium
| | | | - Gwen Falony
- Laboratory of Molecular Bacteriology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium,Center for Microbiology, VIB Center for Microbiology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium,Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sara Vieira-Silva
- Laboratory of Molecular Bacteriology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium,Center for Microbiology, VIB Center for Microbiology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium,Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Medical Center, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Guy Nagels
- Center for Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Jette, Belgium,Department of Neurology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Jette, Belgium,St. Edmund Hall, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jacques De Keyser
- Center for Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Jette, Belgium,Department of Neurology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Jette, Belgium
| | - Jeroen Raes
- Laboratory of Molecular Bacteriology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium,Center for Microbiology, VIB Center for Microbiology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium,CONTACT Jeroen Raes Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marie B. D’Hooghe
- Center for Neurosciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Jette, Belgium,Department of Neurology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Jette, Belgium,National Multiple Sclerosis Center, Melsbroek, Belgium,Marie B. D’hooghe National Multiple Sclerosis Center, Melsbroek, Belgium
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20
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Montgomery TL, Eckstrom K, Lile KH, Caldwell S, Heney ER, Lahue KG, D'Alessandro A, Wargo MJ, Krementsov DN. Lactobacillus reuteri tryptophan metabolism promotes host susceptibility to CNS autoimmunity. MICROBIOME 2022; 10:198. [PMID: 36419205 PMCID: PMC9685921 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-022-01408-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysregulation of gut microbiota-associated tryptophan metabolism has been observed in patients with multiple sclerosis. However, defining direct mechanistic links between this apparent metabolic rewiring and individual constituents of the gut microbiota remains challenging. We and others have previously shown that colonization with the gut commensal and putative probiotic species, Lactobacillus reuteri, unexpectedly enhances host susceptibility to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a murine model of multiple sclerosis. To identify underlying mechanisms, we characterized the genome of commensal L. reuteri isolates, coupled with in vitro and in vivo metabolomic profiling, modulation of dietary substrates, and gut microbiota manipulation. RESULTS The enzymes necessary to metabolize dietary tryptophan into immunomodulatory indole derivatives were enriched in the L. reuteri genomes, including araT, fldH, and amiE. Moreover, metabolite profiling of L. reuteri monocultures and serum of L. reuteri-colonized mice revealed a depletion of kynurenines and production of a wide array of known and novel tryptophan-derived aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) agonists and antagonists, including indole acetate, indole-3-glyoxylic acid, tryptamine, p-cresol, and diverse imidazole derivatives. Functionally, dietary tryptophan was required for L. reuteri-dependent EAE exacerbation, while depletion of dietary tryptophan suppressed disease activity and inflammatory T cell responses in the CNS. Mechanistically, L. reuteri tryptophan-derived metabolites activated the AhR and enhanced T cell production of IL-17. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggests that tryptophan metabolism by gut commensals, such as the putative probiotic species L. reuteri, can unexpectedly enhance autoimmunity, inducing broad shifts in the metabolome and immunological repertoire. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa L Montgomery
- Department of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05401, USA
| | - Korin Eckstrom
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05401, USA
| | - Katarina H Lile
- Department of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05401, USA
| | - Sydney Caldwell
- Department of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05401, USA
| | - Eamonn R Heney
- Department of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05401, USA
| | - Karolyn G Lahue
- Department of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05401, USA
| | - Angelo D'Alessandro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Matthew J Wargo
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05401, USA
| | - Dimitry N Krementsov
- Department of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05401, USA.
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21
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Gut Microbiota Regulation of AHR Signaling in Liver Disease. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12091244. [PMID: 36139083 PMCID: PMC9496174 DOI: 10.3390/biom12091244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver health plays a vital role in human health and disease. Emerging evidence has shown the importance of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) in liver diseases such as alcoholic liver disease, fatty liver disease, and liver failure. As a ligand-activated transcription factor, AHR can be activated by endogenous ligands of microbial metabolites such as tryptophan (Trp), kynurenine (Kyn) or indole derivatives locally or distantly. However, the therapeutic effects of the gut microbiota-regulated AHR pathway remain to be clarified. In this review, we summarize recent progress and examine the role of AHR signaling as a target for gut microbiota intervention in liver diseases. The focus on AHR signaling will identify a promising target in the gut microbiota for better understanding and therapeutic opportunities in liver diseases.
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22
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Rebeaud J, Peter B, Pot C. How Microbiota-Derived Metabolites Link the Gut to the Brain during Neuroinflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231710128. [PMID: 36077526 PMCID: PMC9456539 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231710128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbiota-derived metabolites are important molecules connecting the gut to the brain. Over the last decade, several studies have highlighted the importance of gut-derived metabolites in the development of multiple sclerosis (MS). Indeed, microbiota-derived metabolites modulate the immune system and affect demyelination. Here, we discuss the current knowledge about microbiota-derived metabolites implications in MS and in different mouse models of neuroinflammation. We focus on the main families of microbial metabolites that play a role during neuroinflammation. A better understanding of the role of those metabolites may lead to new therapeutical avenues to treat neuroinflammatory diseases targeting the gut–brain axis.
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23
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Bierhansl L, Hartung HP, Aktas O, Ruck T, Roden M, Meuth SG. Thinking outside the box: non-canonical targets in multiple sclerosis. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2022; 21:578-600. [PMID: 35668103 PMCID: PMC9169033 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-022-00477-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated disease of the central nervous system that causes demyelination, axonal degeneration and astrogliosis, resulting in progressive neurological disability. Fuelled by an evolving understanding of MS immunopathogenesis, the range of available immunotherapies for clinical use has expanded over the past two decades. However, MS remains an incurable disease and even targeted immunotherapies often fail to control insidious disease progression, indicating the need for new and exceptional therapeutic options beyond the established immunological landscape. In this Review, we highlight such non-canonical targets in preclinical MS research with a focus on five highly promising areas: oligodendrocytes; the blood-brain barrier; metabolites and cellular metabolism; the coagulation system; and tolerance induction. Recent findings in these areas may guide the field towards novel targets for future therapeutic approaches in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bierhansl
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Hartung
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Orhan Aktas
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tobias Ruck
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael Roden
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center of Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sven G Meuth
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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24
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Ntranos A, Park HJ, Wentling M, Tolstikov V, Amatruda M, Inbar B, Kim-Schulze S, Frazier C, Button J, Kiebish MA, Lublin F, Edwards K, Casaccia P. Bacterial neurotoxic metabolites in multiple sclerosis cerebrospinal fluid and plasma. Brain 2022; 145:569-583. [PMID: 34894211 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of intestinal dysbiosis in patients with neurological and psychiatric disorders has highlighted the importance of gut-brain communication, and yet the question regarding the identity of the components responsible for this cross-talk remains open. We previously reported that relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis patients treated with dimethyl fumarate have a prominent depletion of the gut microbiota, thereby suggesting that studying the composition of plasma and CSF samples from these patients may help to identify microbially derived metabolites. We used a functional xenogeneic assay consisting of cultured rat neurons exposed to CSF samples collected from multiple sclerosis patients before and after dimethyl fumarate treatment to assess neurotoxicity and then conducted a metabolomic analysis of plasma and CSF samples to identify metabolites with differential abundance. A weighted correlation network analysis allowed us to identify groups of metabolites, present in plasma and CSF samples, whose abundance correlated with the neurotoxic potential of the CSF. This analysis identified the presence of phenol and indole group metabolites of bacterial origin (e.g. p-cresol sulphate, indoxyl sulphate and N-phenylacetylglutamine) as potentially neurotoxic and decreased by treatment. Chronic exposure of cultured neurons to these metabolites impaired their firing rate and induced axonal damage, independent from mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress, thereby identifying a novel pathway of neurotoxicity. Clinical, radiological and cognitive test metrics were also collected in treated patients at follow-up visits. Improved MRI metrics, disability and cognition were only detected in dimethyl fumarate-treated relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis patients. The levels of the identified metabolites of bacterial origin (p-cresol sulphate, indoxyl sulphate and N-phenylacetylglutamine) were inversely correlated to MRI measurements of cortical volume and directly correlated to the levels of neurofilament light chain, an established biomarker of neurodegeneration. Our data suggest that phenol and indole derivatives from the catabolism of tryptophan and phenylalanine are microbially derived metabolites, which may mediate gut-brain communication and induce neurotoxicity in multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achilles Ntranos
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.,Advanced Science Research Center at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - Hye-Jin Park
- Advanced Science Research Center at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - Maureen Wentling
- Advanced Science Research Center at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | | | - Mario Amatruda
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.,Advanced Science Research Center at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - Benjamin Inbar
- Advanced Science Research Center at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA
| | - Seunghee Kim-Schulze
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Carol Frazier
- Multiple Sclerosis Center of Northeastern New York, Latham, NY 12110, USA
| | - Judy Button
- Multiple Sclerosis Center of Northeastern New York, Latham, NY 12110, USA
| | | | - Fred Lublin
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Keith Edwards
- Multiple Sclerosis Center of Northeastern New York, Latham, NY 12110, USA
| | - Patrizia Casaccia
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.,Advanced Science Research Center at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA.,Graduate Program in Biology and Biochemistry at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
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25
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Khoshnevisan K, Chehrehgosha M, Conant M, Mohammad Meftah A, Baharifar H, Ejtahed HS, Angoorani P, Gholami M, Sharifi F, Maleki H, Larijani B, Khorramizadeh MR. Interactive relationship between Trp metabolites and gut microbiota: The impact on human pathology of disease. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 132:4186-4207. [PMID: 35304801 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Tryptophan (Trp), an α-amino acid, is the precursor of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT), which is involved in a variety of features of metabolic function and human nutrition. Evidence highlights the role of Trp metabolites (exclusively 5-HT) in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract; however, the mechanisms of action involved in the release of 5-HT in the GI tract are still unknown. Considering the fact that variations of 5-HT may facilitate the growth of certain GI disorders, gaining a better understanding of the function and release of 5-HT in the GI tract would be beneficial. Additionally, investigating Trp metabolism may clarify the relationship between Trp and gut microbiota. It is believed that other metabolites of Trp (mostly that of the kynurenine pathway) may play a significant role in controlling gut microbiota function. In this review, we have attempted to summarize the current research investigating the relationship of gut microbiota, Trp, and 5-HT metabolism (with particular attention paid to their metabolite type, as well as a discussion of the research methods used in each study). Taking together, regarding the role that Trp/5-HT plays in a range of physical and mental diseases, the gut bacterial types, as well as the related disorders, have been exclusively considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamyar Khoshnevisan
- Medical Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Chehrehgosha
- Department of Surgical Technology, Paramedical School, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.,Department of Gerontology, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Melissa Conant
- Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Amir Mohammad Meftah
- Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hadi Baharifar
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Applied Biophotonics Research Center, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hanieh-Sadat Ejtahed
- Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pooneh Angoorani
- Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Gholami
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farshad Sharifi
- Elderly Health Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Maleki
- Nano Drug Delivery Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Khorramizadeh
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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26
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Boussamet L, Rajoka MSR, Berthelot L. Microbiota, IgA and Multiple Sclerosis. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10030617. [PMID: 35336190 PMCID: PMC8954136 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10030617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neuroinflammatory disease characterized by immune cell infiltration in the central nervous system and destruction of myelin sheaths. Alterations of gut bacteria abundances are present in MS patients. In mouse models of neuroinflammation, depletion of microbiota results in amelioration of symptoms, and gavage with MS patient microbiota exacerbates the disease and inflammation via Th17 cells. On the other hand, depletion of B cells using anti-CD20 is an efficient therapy in MS, and growing evidence shows an important deleterious role of B cells in MS pathology. However, the failure of TACI-Ig treatment in MS highlighted the potential regulatory role of plasma cells. The mechanism was recently demonstrated involving IgA+ plasma cells, specific for gut microbiota and producing IL-10. IgA-coated bacteria in MS patient gut exhibit also modifications. We will focus our review on IgA interactions with gut microbiota and IgA+ B cells in MS. These recent data emphasize new pathways of neuroinflammation regulation in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léo Boussamet
- Centre for Research in Transplantation and Translation Immunology, Nantes Université, Inserm, CR2TI UMR, 1064 Nantes, France;
| | - Muhammad Shahid Riaz Rajoka
- Laboratory of Animal Food Function, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8572, Japan;
| | - Laureline Berthelot
- Centre for Research in Transplantation and Translation Immunology, Nantes Université, Inserm, CR2TI UMR, 1064 Nantes, France;
- Correspondence:
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27
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Sanchez JMS, DePaula-Silva AB, Libbey JE, Fujinami RS. Role of diet in regulating the gut microbiota and multiple sclerosis. Clin Immunol 2022; 235:108379. [PMID: 32156562 PMCID: PMC7483914 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2020.108379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Robert S. Fujinami
- Corresponding author at: University of Utah School of Medicine, 15 North Medical Drive East, 2600 EEJMRB, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA. (R.S. Fujinami)
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28
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Saraste M, Matilainen M, Rajda C, Galla Z, Sucksdorff M, Vécsei L, Airas L. Association between microglial activation and serum kynurenine pathway metabolites in multiple sclerosis patients. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2022; 59:103667. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2022.103667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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29
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Liu Z, Jeffrey W, Rui B. Metabolomics as a promising tool for improving understanding of Multiple Sclerosis: a review of recent advances. Biomed J 2022; 45:594-606. [PMID: 35042018 PMCID: PMC9486246 DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2022.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system that usually affects young adults. The development of MS is closely related to the changes in the metabolome. Metabolomics studies have been performed using biofluids or tissue samples from rodent models and human patients to reveal metabolic alterations associated with MS progression. This review aims to provide an overview of the applications of metabolomics that for the investigations of the perturbed metabolic pathways in MS and to reveal the potential of metabolomics in personalizing treatments. In conclusion, informative variations of metabolites can be potential biomarkers in advancing our understanding of MS pathogenesis for MS diagnosis, predicting the progression of the disease, and estimating drug effects. Metabolomics will be a promising technique for improving clinical care in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicheng Liu
- Anhui Provincial laboratory of inflammatory and immunity disease, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, China.
| | - Waters Jeffrey
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Bin Rui
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
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30
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Yang F, Wu SC, Ling ZX, Chao S, Zhang LJ, Yan XM, He L, Yu LM, Zhao LY. Altered Plasma Metabolic Profiles in Chinese Patients With Multiple Sclerosis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:792711. [PMID: 34975894 PMCID: PMC8715987 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.792711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease that leads to the demyelination of nerve axons. An increasing number of studies suggest that patients with MS exhibit altered metabolic profiles, which might contribute to the course of MS. However, the alteration of metabolic profiles in Chinese patients with MS and their potential roles in regulating the immune system remain elusive. In this study, we performed a global untargeted metabolomics approach in plasma samples from 22 MS-affected Chinese patients and 21 healthy subjects. A total of 42 differentially abundant metabolites (DAMs) belonging to amino acids, lipids, and carbohydrates were identified in the plasma of MS patients and compared with those in healthy controls. We observed an evident reduction in the levels of amino acids, such as L-tyrosine, L-isoleucine, and L-tryptophan, whereas there was a great increase in the levels of L-glutamic acid and L-valine in MS-affected patients. The levels of lipid and carbohydrate metabolites, such as sphingosine 1-phosphate and myo-inositol, were also reduced in patients with MS. In addition, the concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-17 and TNF-α, were significantly increased, whereas those of several anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, such as IL-1ra, IL-7, and MIP-1α, were distinctly reduced in the plasma of MS patients compared with those in healthy subjects. Interestingly, some DAMs, such as L-tryptophan and sphingosine 1-phosphate, showed an evident negative correlation with changes in the level of TNF-α and IL-17, while tightly positively correlating with altered concentrations of anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, such as MIP-1α and RANTES. Our results revealed that altered metabolomic profiles might contribute to the pathogenesis and course of MS disease by modulating immuno-inflammatory responses in the peripheral system, which is essential for eliciting autoimmune responses in the central nervous system, thus resulting in the progression of MS. This study provides potential clues for developing therapeutic strategies for MS in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering in Guizhou Province, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Institutes for Shanghai Pudong Decoding Life, Research Center for Lin He Academician New Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shao-chang Wu
- Department of Geriatrics and Clinical Laboratory, Lishui Second People’s Hospital, Lishui, China
| | - Zong-xin Ling
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Microbe & Host Health, Linyi University, Linyi, China
| | - Shan Chao
- Institutes for Shanghai Pudong Decoding Life, Research Center for Lin He Academician New Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-juan Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics and Clinical Laboratory, Lishui Second People’s Hospital, Lishui, China
| | - Xiu-mei Yan
- Department of Geriatrics and Clinical Laboratory, Lishui Second People’s Hospital, Lishui, China
| | - Lin He
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-mei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering in Guizhou Province, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
- *Correspondence: Long-you Zhao, ; Li-mei Yu,
| | - Long-you Zhao
- Department of Geriatrics and Clinical Laboratory, Lishui Second People’s Hospital, Lishui, China
- *Correspondence: Long-you Zhao, ; Li-mei Yu,
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31
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Tremlett H, Zhu F, Arnold D, Bar-Or A, Bernstein CN, Bonner C, Forbes JD, Graham M, Hart J, Knox NC, Marrie RA, Mirza AI, O'Mahony J, Van Domselaar G, Yeh EA, Zhao Y, Banwell B, Waubant E. The gut microbiota in pediatric multiple sclerosis and demyelinating syndromes. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2021; 8:2252-2269. [PMID: 34889081 PMCID: PMC8670321 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To examine the gut microbiota in individuals with and without pediatric‐onset multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods We compared stool‐derived microbiota of Canadian Pediatric Demyelinating Disease Network study participants ≤21 years old, with MS (disease‐modifying drug [DMD] exposed and naïve) or monophasic acquired demyelinating syndrome [monoADS] (symptom onset <18 years), and unaffected controls. All were ≥30 days without antibiotics or corticosteroids. V4 region 16S RNA gene‐derived amplicon sequence variants (Illumina MiSeq) were assessed using negative binomial regression and network analyses; rate ratios were age‐ and sex‐adjusted (aRR). Results Thirty‐two MS, 41 monoADS (symptom onset [mean] = 14.0 and 6.9 years) and 36 control participants were included; 75%/56%/58% were female, with mean ages at stool sample = 16.5/13.8/15.1 years, respectively. Nine MS cases (28%) were DMD‐naïve. Although microbiota diversity (alpha, beta) did not differ between participants (p > 0.1), taxa‐level and gut community networks did. MS (vs. monoADS) exhibited > fourfold higher relative abundance of the superphylum Patescibacteria (aRR = 4.2;95%CI:1.6–11.2, p = 0.004, Q = 0.01), and lower abundances of short‐chain fatty acid (SCFA)‐producing Lachnospiraceae (Anaerosporobacter) and Ruminococcaceae (p, Q < 0.05). DMD‐naïve MS cases were depleted for Clostridiales vadin‐BB60 (unnamed species) versus either DMD‐exposed, controls (p, Q < 0.01), or monoADS (p = 0.001, Q = 0.06) and exhibited altered community connectedness (p < 10−9 Kruskal–Wallis), with SCFA‐producing taxa underrepresented. Consistent taxa‐level findings from an independent US Network of Pediatric MS Centers case/control (n = 51/42) cohort included >eightfold higher abundance for Candidatus Stoquefichus and Tyzzerella (aRR = 8.8–12.8, p < 0.05) in MS cases and 72%–80% lower abundance of SCFA‐producing Ruminococcaceae‐NK4A214 (aRR = 0.38–0.2, p ≤ 0.01). Interpretation Gut microbiota community structure, function and connectivity, and not just individual taxa, are of likely importance in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Tremlett
- Medicine (Neurology), University of British Columbia and The Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Feng Zhu
- Medicine (Neurology), University of British Columbia and The Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Douglas Arnold
- The Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Amit Bar-Or
- Center for Neuroinflammation and Experimental Therapeutics and Department of Neurology, Perleman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA
| | - Charles N Bernstein
- Department of Internal Medicine, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba Inflammatory Bowel Disease Clinical and Research Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Christine Bonner
- National Microbiology Laboratory, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 3R2, Canada
| | - Jessica D Forbes
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Morag Graham
- National Microbiology Laboratory, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 3R2, Canada.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Janace Hart
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, 94158, USA
| | - Natalie C Knox
- National Microbiology Laboratory, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 3R2, Canada.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Ruth Ann Marrie
- Department of Internal Medicine, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3A 1R9, Canada
| | - Ali I Mirza
- Medicine (Neurology), University of British Columbia and The Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Julia O'Mahony
- The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Gary Van Domselaar
- National Microbiology Laboratory, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 3R2, Canada.,Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Max Rady College of Medicine, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - E Ann Yeh
- The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Yinshan Zhao
- Medicine (Neurology), University of British Columbia and The Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Brenda Banwell
- Division of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA
| | - Emmanuelle Waubant
- Department of Neurology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, 94158, USA
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32
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Park J, Kim CH. Regulation of common neurological disorders by gut microbial metabolites. Exp Mol Med 2021; 53:1821-1833. [PMID: 34857900 PMCID: PMC8741890 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-021-00703-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut is connected to the CNS by immunological mediators, lymphocytes, neurotransmitters, microbes and microbial metabolites. A mounting body of evidence indicates that the microbiome exerts significant effects on immune cells and CNS cells. These effects frequently result in the suppression or exacerbation of inflammatory responses, the latter of which can lead to severe tissue damage, altered synapse formation and disrupted maintenance of the CNS. Herein, we review recent progress in research on the microbial regulation of CNS diseases with a focus on major gut microbial metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids, tryptophan metabolites, and secondary bile acids. Pathological changes in the CNS are associated with dysbiosis and altered levels of microbial metabolites, which can further exacerbate various neurological disorders. The cellular and molecular mechanisms by which these gut microbial metabolites regulate inflammatory diseases in the CNS are discussed. We highlight the similarities and differences in the impact on four major CNS diseases, i.e., multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and autism spectrum disorder, to identify common cellular and molecular networks governing the regulation of cellular constituents and pathogenesis in the CNS by microbial metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongho Park
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang H Kim
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
- Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, Center for Gastrointestinal Research, and Rogel Center for Cancer Research, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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33
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Fitzgerald KC, Smith MD, Kim S, Sotirchos ES, Kornberg MD, Douglas M, Nourbakhsh B, Graves J, Rattan R, Poisson L, Cerghet M, Mowry EM, Waubant E, Giri S, Calabresi PA, Bhargava P. Multi-omic evaluation of metabolic alterations in multiple sclerosis identifies shifts in aromatic amino acid metabolism. CELL REPORTS MEDICINE 2021; 2:100424. [PMID: 34755135 PMCID: PMC8561319 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The circulating metabolome provides unique insights into multiple sclerosis (MS) pathophysiology, but existing studies are relatively small or characterized limited metabolites. We test for differences in the metabolome between people with MS (PwMS; n = 637 samples) and healthy controls (HC; n = 317 samples) and assess the association between metabolomic profiles and disability in PwMS. We then assess whether metabolic differences correlate with changes in cellular gene expression using publicly available scRNA-seq data and whether identified metabolites affect human immune cell function. In PwMS, we identify striking abnormalities in aromatic amino acid (AAA) metabolites (p = 2.77E−18) that are also strongly associated with disability (p = 1.01E−4). Analysis of scRNA-seq data demonstrates altered AAA metabolism in CSF and blood-derived monocyte cell populations in PwMS. Treatment with AAA-derived metabolites in vitro alters monocytic endocytosis and pro-inflammatory cytokine production. We identify shifts in AAA metabolism resulting in the reduced production of immunomodulatory metabolites and increased production of metabotoxins in PwMS. Significant alterations in the circulating metabolome are noted in multiple sclerosis Aromatic amino acid (AAA) metabolite levels are linked to disease severity Expression of AAA metabolism genes is altered in MS blood and CSF immune cells AAA metabolites alter human monocyte cytokine production and endocytosis
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn C Fitzgerald
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Matthew D Smith
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sol Kim
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Elias S Sotirchos
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael D Kornberg
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Morgan Douglas
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Bardia Nourbakhsh
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jennifer Graves
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ramandeep Rattan
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Laila Poisson
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Mirela Cerghet
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Ellen M Mowry
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Emmanuelle Waubant
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Shailendra Giri
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Health System, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Peter A Calabresi
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Solomon Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Pavan Bhargava
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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34
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Horton MK, McCauley K, Fadrosh D, Fujimura K, Graves J, Ness J, Wheeler Y, Gorman MP, Benson LA, Weinstock‐Guttman B, Waldman A, Rodriguez M, Tillema J, Krupp L, Belman A, Mar S, Rensel M, Chitnis T, Casper TC, Rose J, Hart J, Shao X, Tremlett H, Lynch SV, Barcellos LF, Waubant E. Gut microbiome is associated with multiple sclerosis activity in children. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2021; 8:1867-1883. [PMID: 34409759 PMCID: PMC8419410 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify features of the gut microbiome associated with multiple sclerosis activity over time. METHODS We used 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing from stool of 55 recently diagnosed pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis patients. Microbiome features included the abundance of individual microbes and networks identified from weighted genetic correlation network analyses. Prentice-Williams-Peterson Cox proportional hazards models estimated the associations between features and three disease activity outcomes: clinical relapses and both new/enlarging T2 lesions and new gadolinium-enhancing lesions on brain MRI. Analyses were adjusted for age, sex, and disease-modifying therapies. RESULTS Participants were followed, on average, 2.1 years. Five microbes were nominally associated with all three disease activity outcomes after multiple testing correction. These included butyrate producers Odoribacter (relapse hazard ratio = 0.46, 95% confidence interval: 0.24, 0.88) and Butyricicoccus (relapse hazard ratio = 0.49, 95% confidence interval: 0.28, 0.88). Two networks of co-occurring gut microbes were significantly associated with a higher hazard of both MRI outcomes (gadolinium-enhancing lesion hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for Modules 32 and 33 were 1.29 (1.08, 1.54) and 1.42 (1.18, 1.71), respectively; T2 lesion hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for Modules 32 and 33 were 1.34 (1.15, 1.56) and 1.41 (1.21, 1.64), respectively). Metagenomic predictions of these networks demonstrated enrichment for amino acid biosynthesis pathways. INTERPRETATION Both individual and networks of gut microbes were associated with longitudinal multiple sclerosis activity. Known functions and metagenomic predictions of these microbes suggest the important role of butyrate and amino acid biosynthesis pathways. This provides strong support for future development of personalized microbiome interventions to modify multiple sclerosis disease activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary K. Horton
- Division of EpidemiologyUniversity of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
| | - Kathryn McCauley
- Department of Medicine‐ GastroenterologyUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Douglas Fadrosh
- Department of Medicine‐ GastroenterologyUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Kei Fujimura
- Department of Medicine‐ GastroenterologyUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Jennifer Graves
- Department of NeurosciencesUniversity of California, San DiegoLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Jayne Ness
- Division of Pediatric NeurologyUniversity of AlabamaBirminghamAlabamaUSA
| | - Yolanda Wheeler
- Division of Pediatric NeurologyUniversity of AlabamaBirminghamAlabamaUSA
| | - Mark P. Gorman
- Department of NeurologyBoston Children’s HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Leslie A. Benson
- Department of NeurologyBoston Children’s HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | | | - Amy Waldman
- Department of NeurologyChildren’s Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | | | | | - Lauren Krupp
- Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis CenterNew York University Langone Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Anita Belman
- Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis CenterNew York University Langone Medical CenterNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Soe Mar
- Department of NeurologyWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Mary Rensel
- Department of NeurologyCleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Tanuja Chitnis
- Division of Child NeurologyMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | | | - John Rose
- School of MedicineUniversity of Utah SchoolSalt Lake CityUtahUSA
| | - Janace Hart
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Xiaorong Shao
- Division of EpidemiologyUniversity of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
| | - Helen Tremlett
- Department of MedicineUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Susan V. Lynch
- Department of Medicine‐ GastroenterologyUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Lisa F. Barcellos
- Division of EpidemiologyUniversity of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyCaliforniaUSA
| | - Emmanuelle Waubant
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of California, San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
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35
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Perez-Muñoz ME, Sugden S, Harmsen HJM, 't Hart BA, Laman JD, Walter J. Nutritional and ecological perspectives of the interrelationships between diet and the gut microbiome in multiple sclerosis: Insights from marmosets. iScience 2021; 24:102709. [PMID: 34296070 PMCID: PMC8282968 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the animal model of multiple sclerosis, have shown potential links between diet components, microbiome composition, and modulation of immune responses. In this review, we reanalyze and discuss findings in an outbred marmoset EAE model in which a yogurt-based dietary supplement decreased disease frequency and severity. We show that although diet has detectable effects on the fecal microbiome, microbiome changes are more strongly associated with the EAE development. Using an ecological framework, we further show that the dominant factors influencing the gut microbiota were marmoset sibling pair and experimental time point. These findings emphasize challenges in assigning cause-and-effect relationships in studies of diet-microbiome-host interactions and differentiating the diet effects from other environmental, stochastic, and host-related factors. We advocate for animal experiments to be designed to allow causal inferences of the microbiota's role in pathology while considering the complex ecological processes that shape microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Elisa Perez-Muñoz
- Department of Agricultural, Nutritional and Food Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Scott Sugden
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Hermie J M Harmsen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9700AE, The Netherlands
| | - Bert A 't Hart
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, Section of Molecular Neurobiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen 9700AE, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department Anatomy and Neuroscience, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam 1081HV, The Netherlands
| | - Jon D Laman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, Section of Molecular Neurobiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen 9700AE, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9700AE, The Netherlands
| | - Jens Walter
- Department of Agricultural, Nutritional and Food Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2P5, Canada.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada.,APC Microbiome Ireland, School of Microbiology, and Department of Medicine, University College Cork - National University of Ireland, Cork T12 YT20, Ireland
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36
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Lin J, Sun-Waterhouse D, Cui C. The therapeutic potential of diet on immune-related diseases: based on the regulation on tryptophan metabolism. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:8793-8811. [PMID: 34085885 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1934813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Tryptophan (TRP), as an essential amino acid, plays crucial roles in maintaining immune homeostasis due to its complex metabolism pathway, including the microbial metabolism, 5-hydroxytryptamine and kynurenine pathways (KP). Metabolites from these pathways can act antioxidant and endogenous ligand of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (including microbiota metabolites: indole, indole aldehyde, indole acetic acid, indole acrylic acid, indole lactate, indole pyruvate acid, indole propionic acid, skatole, tryptamine, and indoxyl sulfate; and KP metabolites: kynurenine, kynurenic acid, 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid, xanthurenic acid, and cinnabarinic acid) for regulating immune response. In immune-related diseases, the production of pro-inflammatory cytokine activates indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase, a rate-limiting enzyme of KP, leading to abnormal TRP metabolism in vivo. Many recent studies found that TRP metabolism could be regulated by diet, and the diet regulation on TRP metabolism could therapy related diseases. Accordingly, this review provides a critical overview of the relationships among diet, TRP metabolism and immunity with the aim to seek a treatment opportunity for immune-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Lin
- College of Food Science and Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongxiao Sun-Waterhouse
- College of Food Science and Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chun Cui
- College of Food Science and Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Wei-Wei Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, China
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37
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Levi I, Gurevich M, Perlman G, Magalashvili D, Menascu S, Bar N, Godneva A, Zahavi L, Chermon D, Kosower N, Wolf BC, Malka G, Lotan-Pompan M, Weinberger A, Yirmiya E, Rothschild D, Leviatan S, Tsur A, Didkin M, Dreyer S, Eizikovitz H, Titngi Y, Mayost S, Sonis P, Dolev M, Stern Y, Achiron A, Segal E. Potential role of indolelactate and butyrate in multiple sclerosis revealed by integrated microbiome-metabolome analysis. Cell Rep Med 2021; 2:100246. [PMID: 33948576 PMCID: PMC8080254 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediated disease whose precise etiology is unknown. Several studies found alterations in the microbiome of individuals with MS, but the mechanism by which it may affect MS is poorly understood. Here we analyze the microbiome of 129 individuals with MS and find that they harbor distinct microbial patterns compared with controls. To study the functional consequences of these differences, we measure levels of 1,251 serum metabolites in a subgroup of subjects and unravel a distinct metabolite signature that separates affected individuals from controls nearly perfectly (AUC = 0.97). Individuals with MS are found to be depleted in butyrate-producing bacteria and in bacteria that produce indolelactate, an intermediate in generation of the potent neuroprotective antioxidant indolepropionate, which we found to be lower in their serum. We identify microbial and metabolite candidates that may contribute to MS and should be explored further for their causal role and therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izhak Levi
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Michael Gurevich
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat-Gan 526200, Israel
| | - Gal Perlman
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - David Magalashvili
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat-Gan 526200, Israel
| | - Shay Menascu
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat-Gan 526200, Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Noam Bar
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Anastasia Godneva
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Liron Zahavi
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Danyel Chermon
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat-Gan 526200, Israel
| | - Noa Kosower
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Bat Chen Wolf
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Gal Malka
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Maya Lotan-Pompan
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Adina Weinberger
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Erez Yirmiya
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Daphna Rothschild
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Sigal Leviatan
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Avishag Tsur
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat-Gan 526200, Israel
| | - Maria Didkin
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat-Gan 526200, Israel
| | - Sapir Dreyer
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat-Gan 526200, Israel
| | - Hen Eizikovitz
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat-Gan 526200, Israel
| | - Yamit Titngi
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat-Gan 526200, Israel
| | - Sue Mayost
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat-Gan 526200, Israel
| | - Polina Sonis
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat-Gan 526200, Israel
| | - Mark Dolev
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat-Gan 526200, Israel
| | - Yael Stern
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat-Gan 526200, Israel
| | - Anat Achiron
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat-Gan 526200, Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Eran Segal
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
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38
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Fettig NM, Osborne LC. Direct and indirect effects of microbiota-derived metabolites on neuroinflammation in multiple sclerosis. Microbes Infect 2021; 23:104814. [PMID: 33775860 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2021.104814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) are highly influenced by changes in the microbiota and of microbiota-derived metabolites, including short chain fatty acids, bile acids, and tryptophan derivatives. This review will discuss the effects of microbiota-derived metabolites on neuroinflammation driven by central nervous system-resident cells and peripheral immune cells, and their influence on outcomes of EAE and MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi M Fettig
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Lisa C Osborne
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Life Sciences Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
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39
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Spichak S, Bastiaanssen TFS, Berding K, Vlckova K, Clarke G, Dinan TG, Cryan JF. Mining microbes for mental health: Determining the role of microbial metabolic pathways in human brain health and disease. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 125:698-761. [PMID: 33675857 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.02.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing knowledge regarding the role of the microbiome in modulating the brain and behaviour. Indeed, the actions of microbial metabolites are key for appropriate gut-brain communication in humans. Among these metabolites, short-chain fatty acids, tryptophan, and bile acid metabolites/pathways show strong preclinical evidence for involvement in various aspects of brain function and behaviour. With the identification of neuroactive gut-brain modules, new predictive tools can be applied to existing datasets. We identified 278 studies relating to the human microbiota-gut-brain axis which included sequencing data. This spanned across psychiatric and neurological disorders with a small number also focused on normal behavioural development. With a consistent bioinformatics pipeline, thirty-five of these datasets were reanalysed from publicly available raw sequencing files and the remainder summarised and collated. Among the reanalysed studies, we uncovered evidence of disease-related alterations in microbial metabolic pathways in Alzheimer's Disease, schizophrenia, anxiety and depression. Amongst studies that could not be reanalysed, many sequencing and technical limitations hindered the discovery of specific biomarkers of microbes or metabolites conserved across studies. Future studies are warranted to confirm our findings. We also propose guidelines for future human microbiome analysis to increase reproducibility and consistency within the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Spichak
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Thomaz F S Bastiaanssen
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Kirsten Berding
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Klara Vlckova
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Gerard Clarke
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Timothy G Dinan
- APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural Science, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - John F Cryan
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; APC Microbiome Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
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40
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Bhargava P, Smith MD, Mische L, Harrington E, Fitzgerald KC, Martin K, Kim S, Reyes AA, Gonzalez-Cardona J, Volsko C, Tripathi A, Singh S, Varanasi K, Lord HN, Meyers K, Taylor M, Gharagozloo M, Sotirchos ES, Nourbakhsh B, Dutta R, Mowry EM, Waubant E, Calabresi PA. Bile acid metabolism is altered in multiple sclerosis and supplementation ameliorates neuroinflammation. J Clin Invest 2021; 130:3467-3482. [PMID: 32182223 DOI: 10.1172/jci129401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder of the CNS. Bile acids are cholesterol metabolites that can signal through receptors on cells throughout the body, including in the CNS and the immune system. Whether bile acid metabolism is abnormal in MS is unknown. Using global and targeted metabolomic profiling, we identified lower levels of circulating bile acid metabolites in multiple cohorts of adult and pediatric patients with MS compared with controls. In white matter lesions from MS brain tissue, we noted the presence of bile acid receptors on immune and glial cells. To mechanistically examine the implications of lower levels of bile acids in MS, we studied the in vitro effects of an endogenous bile acid, tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA), on astrocyte and microglial polarization. TUDCA prevented neurotoxic (A1) polarization of astrocytes and proinflammatory polarization of microglia in a dose-dependent manner. TUDCA supplementation in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis reduced the severity of disease through its effects on G protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1 (GPBAR1). We demonstrate that bile acid metabolism was altered in MS and that bile acid supplementation prevented polarization of astrocytes and microglia to neurotoxic phenotypes and ameliorated neuropathology in an animal model of MS. These findings identify dysregulated bile acid metabolism as a potential therapeutic target in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavan Bhargava
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Matthew D Smith
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Leah Mische
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Emily Harrington
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Kyle Martin
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sol Kim
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | - Christina Volsko
- Department of Neuroscience, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Ajai Tripathi
- Department of Neuroscience, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Sonal Singh
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kesava Varanasi
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Hannah-Noelle Lord
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Keya Meyers
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Michelle Taylor
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Marjan Gharagozloo
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Elias S Sotirchos
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Bardia Nourbakhsh
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ranjan Dutta
- Department of Neuroscience, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Ellen M Mowry
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Peter A Calabresi
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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41
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Zahoor I, Rui B, Khan J, Datta I, Giri S. An emerging potential of metabolomics in multiple sclerosis: a comprehensive overview. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:3181-3203. [PMID: 33449145 PMCID: PMC8038957 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03733-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the nervous system that primarily affects young adults. Although the exact etiology of the disease remains obscure, it is clear that alterations in the metabolome contribute to this process. As such, defining a reliable and disease-specific metabolome has tremendous potential as a diagnostic and therapeutic strategy for MS. Here, we provide an overview of studies aimed at identifying the role of metabolomics in MS. These offer new insights into disease pathophysiology and the contributions of metabolic pathways to this process, identify unique markers indicative of treatment responses, and demonstrate the therapeutic effects of drug-like metabolites in cellular and animal models of MS. By and large, the commonly perturbed pathways in MS and its preclinical model include lipid metabolism involving alpha-linoleic acid pathway, nucleotide metabolism, amino acid metabolism, tricarboxylic acid cycle, d-ornithine and d-arginine pathways with collective role in signaling and energy supply. The metabolomics studies suggest that metabolic profiling of MS patient samples may uncover biomarkers that will advance our understanding of disease pathogenesis and progression, reduce delays and mistakes in diagnosis, monitor the course of disease, and detect better drug targets, all of which will improve early therapeutic interventions and improve evaluation of response to these treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Insha Zahoor
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA. .,Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Education & Research Building, Room 4023, 2799 W Grand Blvd, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.
| | - Bin Rui
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Junaid Khan
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Indrani Datta
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Shailendra Giri
- Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA. .,Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Education & Research Building, Room 4051, 2799 W Grand Blvd, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.
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Bhargava P. Targeting metabolism to treat multiple sclerosis. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:502-503. [PMID: 32985474 PMCID: PMC7996022 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.293143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Pavan Bhargava
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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43
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Signoriello E, Iardino P, Casertano S, De Lucia D, Pucciarelli A, Puoti G, Chiosi E, Lus G. 12-months prospective Pentraxin-3 and metabolomic evaluation in multiple sclerosis patients treated with glatiramer acetate. J Neuroimmunol 2020; 348:577385. [PMID: 32927398 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2020.577385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pentraxin-3 (PTX-3) is involved in acute immunological responses and it is a pro-inflammatory protein and a novel biomarker of inflammatory diseases. It is demonstrated that PTX-3 is higher in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of aggressive Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Metabolomics, the identification of small endogenous molecules, offers a molecular profile of MS. Glatiramer acetate (GA) is a widely used treatment for (MS) but its mechanism of action is not completely defined. The aim of our study is to analyze PTX-3 and metabolomic profile in MS patients compared to controls and to investigate the effect of GA on PXT-3 and metabolic molecules during treatment in responder and not responder MS patients. METHODS 28 unrelated MS patients and 27 age-and sex-matched controls were recruited. In serum, PTX-3 levels were measured by ELISA and Metabolomic panel was evaluated trough Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR). According to clinical practice patients started GA treatment; PTX-3 and metabolomic identification were performed before and during treatment. Responders to treatment were identified if no evidence of instrumental, clinical relapses and disability progression (NEDA) occurred during follow up. RESULTS Serum PTX-3 levels were higher in MS patients compared to matched controls (7,85 ± 2,19 vs 6,20 ± 1,63 ng/ml) (p = 0,03); metabolomic evaluation shows higher levels of lactate and lower levels of valine, tyrosine and tryptophan in MS patients compared to controls. During therapy, PTX-3 levels have been reduced statistically significant (p = 0,001) at six months and one year of treatment. After one year, of the twenty patients that completed the study, 55% were considered fully responders to treatment; in these patients the mean reduction of PTX-3 at one year was higher respect to not responders (-3,82 ± 1,24 ng/ml vs -2,32 ± 1,03 ng/ml p = 0,02) and we observed a higher reduction of lactate, tyrosine and hypoxanthine and an increase of hydroxyproline and ADP as well as of three oxidative phosphorylation markers, citrulline, ornithine and tryptophan approaching the metabolic profile of healthy subjects. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated a metabolomic imbalance with mitochondrial dysfunction detected by higher levels of lactate and lower levels of tryptophan, tyrosine and valine in MS patients compared to healthy controls. The reduction of PTX-3 levels and the restoring of mitochondrial function, reducing oxidative stress by GA, allows to identify responder patients. Further and larger studies are needed to understand the predictive role of PTX-3 and metabolomic pattern in the identification of responder patients to GA.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Signoriello
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Second Division of Neurology, Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Italy.
| | - P Iardino
- Clinical and molecular pathology, University of Campania, Luigi Vavitelli, Italy
| | - S Casertano
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Second Division of Neurology, Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Italy
| | - D De Lucia
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Second Division of Neurology, Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Italy
| | - A Pucciarelli
- Department of precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Italy
| | - G Puoti
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Second Division of Neurology, Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Italy
| | - E Chiosi
- Department of precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Italy
| | - G Lus
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, Second Division of Neurology, Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Italy
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44
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Lemos H, Mohamed E, Ou R, McCardle C, Zheng X, McGuire K, Homer NZM, Mole DJ, Huang L, Mellor AL. Co-treatments to Boost IDO Activity and Inhibit Production of Downstream Catabolites Induce Durable Suppression of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1256. [PMID: 32625215 PMCID: PMC7311583 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Reinforcing defective tolerogenic processes slows progression of autoimmune (AI) diseases and has potential to promote drug-free disease remission. Previously, we reported that DNA nanoparticles (DNPs) and cyclic dinucleotides (CDNs) slow progression of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a mouse model of multiple sclerosis, by activating the Stimulator of Interferon Genes (STING) signaling adaptor to stimulate interferon type 1 (IFN-I) production, which induced dendritic cells to express indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase (IDO) and acquire immune regulatory phenotypes. Here, we show that therapeutic responses to DNPs depend on DNA sensing via cyclic GAMP synthase (cGAS) and interactions between Programmed Death-1 (PD-1) and PD-1 ligands. To investigate how increased tryptophan (Trp) metabolism by IDO promotes therapeutic responses mice were co-treated at EAE onset with DNPs and drugs that inhibit kynurenine aminotransferase-II (KatII) or 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid dioxygenase (HAAO) activity downstream of IDO in the kynurenine (Kyn) pathway. DNP and KatII or HAAO inhibitor co-treatments suppressed EAE progression more effectively than DNPs, while KatII inhibition had no significant therapeutic benefit and HAAO inhibition attenuated but did not prevent EAE progression. Moreover, therapeutic responses to co-treatments were durable as EAE progression did not resume after co-treatment. Thus, using STING agonists to boost IDO activity and manipulating the Kyn pathway downstream of IDO is an effective strategy to enhance tolerogenic responses that overcome autoimmunity to suppress EAE progression.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigen-Presenting Cells/drug effects
- Antigen-Presenting Cells/immunology
- Antigen-Presenting Cells/metabolism
- Autoimmunity
- B7-H1 Antigen/metabolism
- Chromatography, Liquid
- Disease Models, Animal
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/drug therapy
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology
- Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/metabolism
- Enzyme Activation/drug effects
- Indoleamine-Pyrrole 2,3,-Dioxygenase/metabolism
- Kynurenine/metabolism
- Membrane Proteins/agonists
- Metabolic Networks and Pathways
- Metabolome
- Metabolomics/methods
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Nanoparticles
- Programmed Cell Death 1 Receptor/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Tandem Mass Spectrometry
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrique Lemos
- Immune Metabolism Laboratory, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Eslam Mohamed
- H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Rong Ou
- Immune Metabolism Laboratory, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Caroline McCardle
- Immune Metabolism Laboratory, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Xiaozhong Zheng
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Kris McGuire
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Natalie Z. M. Homer
- Mass Spectrometry Core, Edinburgh Clinical Research Facility, Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Damian J. Mole
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Lei Huang
- Immune Metabolism Laboratory, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew L. Mellor
- Immune Metabolism Laboratory, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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45
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Tilocca B, Pieroni L, Soggiu A, Britti D, Bonizzi L, Roncada P, Greco V. Gut-Brain Axis and Neurodegeneration: State-of-the-Art of Meta-Omics Sciences for Microbiota Characterization. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4045. [PMID: 32516966 PMCID: PMC7312636 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in the field of meta-omics sciences and related bioinformatics tools have allowed a comprehensive investigation of human-associated microbiota and its contribution to achieving and maintaining the homeostatic balance. Bioactive compounds from the microbial community harboring the human gut are involved in a finely tuned network of interconnections with the host, orchestrating a wide variety of physiological processes. These includes the bi-directional crosstalk between the central nervous system, the enteric nervous system, and the gastrointestinal tract (i.e., gut-brain axis). The increasing accumulation of evidence suggest a pivotal role of the composition and activity of the gut microbiota in neurodegeneration. In the present review we aim to provide an overview of the state-of-the-art of meta-omics sciences including metagenomics for the study of microbial genomes and taxa strains, metatranscriptomics for gene expression, metaproteomics and metabolomics to identify and/or quantify microbial proteins and metabolites, respectively. The potential and limitations of each discipline were highlighted, as well as the advantages of an integrated approach (multi-omics) to predict microbial functions and molecular mechanisms related to human diseases. Particular emphasis is given to the latest results obtained with these approaches in an attempt to elucidate the link between the gut microbiota and the most common neurodegenerative diseases, such as multiple sclerosis (MS), Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Tilocca
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (B.T.); (D.B.)
| | - Luisa Pieroni
- Proteomics and Metabonomics Unit, Fondazione Santa Lucia-IRCCS, via del Fosso di Fiorano, 64-00143 Rome, Italy;
| | - Alessio Soggiu
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences- One Health Unit, University of Milano, via Celoria 10, 20133 Milano, Italy;
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milano, Via dell’Università, 6- 26900 Lodi, Italy;
| | - Domenico Britti
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (B.T.); (D.B.)
| | - Luigi Bonizzi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Milano, Via dell’Università, 6- 26900 Lodi, Italy;
| | - Paola Roncada
- Department of Health Sciences, University “Magna Græcia” of Catanzaro, viale Europa, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy; (B.T.); (D.B.)
| | - Viviana Greco
- Department of Basic Biotechnological Sciences, Intensivological and Perioperative Clinics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, Largo A. Gemelli, 8-00168 Rome, Italy
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46
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Noto D, Miyake S. Gut dysbiosis and multiple sclerosis. Clin Immunol 2020; 235:108380. [PMID: 32169440 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2020.108380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) and T cell-mediated autoimmune processes are assumed to be involved in its pathogenesis. Recently, accumulating evidence has indicated that commensal bacteria interact with the host immune system and that the alteration of commensal bacteria composition, termed dysbiosis, is associated with various autoimmune diseases including CNS autoimmune diseases. In this review, we introduce recent findings regarding the association between gut microbiota and MS and related diseases and microbiota function in an animal model of MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Noto
- Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Sachiko Miyake
- Department of Immunology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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47
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Sauma S, Casaccia P. Gut-brain communication in demyelinating disorders. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2020; 62:92-101. [PMID: 32066076 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2020.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune demyelinating disorder resulting from the interplay of genetic predisposition and environmental variables, including gut microbiota, diet and life style factors. Here, we first discuss the evidence supporting the effect of early life events, diet and body mass index on the composition of the microbiota, and then review studies on gut dysbiosis conducted in MS patients and in animal models. We address the effect of disease, immunomodulatory therapies, diet and probiotics on enrichment or depletion of gut microbial species. Finally, we discuss the ability of gut bacteria to produce toxins and metabolites which serve as signals for the cross-talk between the gut and the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Sauma
- Neuroscience Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, The Graduate Center at the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA; Graduate Program in Biology, The Graduate Center at the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Patrizia Casaccia
- Neuroscience Initiative, Advanced Science Research Center, The Graduate Center at the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA; Graduate Program in Biology, The Graduate Center at the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA; Program in Biochemistry The Graduate Center at The City University of New York, New York, NY, USA.
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48
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Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is associated with changes in the metabolome. Numerous studies employing varying metabolomics platforms have examined a range of biological material ranging from brain tissue to urine and demonstrated consistently alterations in multiple metabolic pathways in MS. We review not only the studies that describe the ability of metabolomics to differentiate MS patients from healthy controls and other neurological disease but also discuss the potential of metabolomics-based methods to build predictive models that are able to stage disease, monitor progression, and select the most appropriate therapy. The increasing number of impressive claims for the capacity of metabolomics to distinguish between different types of demyelinating disease suggests that the provision of such tests may be close at hand. Besides the ability to provide potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, metabolomics also provides us with unique insights into the pathophysiology of the disease and helps identify metabolic pathways that may be potential therapeutic targets. Future studies will integrate metabolomics data with other omics techniques to provide further insight into the source of these metabolic abnormalities and help with identification of the most promising targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavan Bhargava
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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49
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Fung TC. The microbiota-immune axis as a central mediator of gut-brain communication. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 136:104714. [PMID: 31846737 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2019.104714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal inflammatory disorders are associated with neurophysiological and behavioral symptoms. Conversely, many disorders of the central nervous system (CNS) are accompanied by intestinal complications. These observations suggest that intestinal and nervous system physiologies are functionally linked. Indeed, a growing body of literature has revealed multiple pathways mediating bidirectional communication between the intestine and the CNS, collectively referred to as the gut-brain axis. In particular, microbes naturally colonizing the mammalian gastrointestinal (GI) tract, termed the gut microbiota, not only correlate with but also play a causative role in regulating CNS function, development and host behavior. Despite these findings, our understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms that mediate gut-brain communication remains in its infancy. However, members of the gut microbiota have been established as potent modulators of intestinal, systemic and CNS-resident immune cell function, suggesting that gut-brain interactions may involve the host immune system. Multiple CNS disorders with gut microbiota associations, including neuroinflammatory, neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders, also have significant inflammatory manifestations. In this review, I discuss recent advances exploring the role of microbiota-immune interactions as a critical regulator of the gut-brain axis in the context of CNS and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas C Fung
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California Los Angeles, 610 Charles E. Young Dr. East, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States.
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50
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Zhang Z, Tang H, Chen P, Xie H, Tao Y. Demystifying the manipulation of host immunity, metabolism, and extraintestinal tumors by the gut microbiome. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2019; 4:41. [PMID: 31637019 PMCID: PMC6799818 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-019-0074-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The trillions of microorganisms in the gut microbiome have attracted much attention recently owing to their sophisticated and widespread impacts on numerous aspects of host pathophysiology. Remarkable progress in large-scale sequencing and mass spectrometry has increased our understanding of the influence of the microbiome and/or its metabolites on the onset and progression of extraintestinal cancers and the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy. Given the plasticity in microbial composition and function, microbial-based therapeutic interventions, including dietary modulation, prebiotics, and probiotics, as well as fecal microbial transplantation, potentially permit the development of novel strategies for cancer therapy to improve clinical outcomes. Herein, we summarize the latest evidence on the involvement of the gut microbiome in host immunity and metabolism, the effects of the microbiome on extraintestinal cancers and the immune response, and strategies to modulate the gut microbiome, and we discuss ongoing studies and future areas of research that deserve focused research efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziying Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410078 Hunan, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis (Central South University), Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, 410078 Changsha, Hunan China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410011 Changsha, China
- Department of Oncology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410013 Changsha, China
| | - Haosheng Tang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410078 Hunan, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis (Central South University), Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, 410078 Changsha, Hunan China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410011 Changsha, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410008 Changsha, China
| | - Hui Xie
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, 410011 Changsha, China
| | - Yongguang Tao
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410078 Hunan, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis (Central South University), Cancer Research Institute and School of Basic Medicine, Central South University, 410078 Changsha, Hunan China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Tumor Models and Individualized Medicine, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 410011 Changsha, China
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