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Zhang S, Zhang H, Sun J, Javanmardi N, Li T, Jin F, He Y, Zhu G, Wang Y, Wang T, Feng ZQ. A review of recent advances of piezoelectric poly-L-lactic acid for biomedical applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 276:133748. [PMID: 38986996 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.133748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA), recognized as a piezoelectric material, not only demonstrates exceptional piezoelectric properties but also exhibits commendable biocompatibility and biodegradability. These properties render PLLA highly promising for diverse applications, including sensors, wearable devices, biomedical engineering, and related domains. This review offers a comprehensive overview of the distinctive piezoelectric effect of PLLA-based material and delves into the latest advancements in its preparation strategies as a piezoelectric material. It further presents recent research progress in PLLA-based piezoelectric materials, particularly in the realms of health monitoring, skin repair, nerve regeneration, and tissue repair. The discourse extends to providing insights into potential future trajectories for the development of PLLA-based piezoelectric materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwei Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Husheng Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Jiangtao Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Negar Javanmardi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Tong Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Fei Jin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Yuyuan He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Guanzhou Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Yu Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Ting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
| | - Zhang-Qi Feng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China.
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2
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Ma Y, He C, Gong Y, Qian L, Lu Q, Li J, Zong LJ, Song J, Yin Z, Shen Y. Effects of low-frequency pulsed electrical stimulation at the common peroneal nerve on chronic refractory wounds of the lower limb: A randomized controlled trial. Health Sci Rep 2024; 7:e70023. [PMID: 39253351 PMCID: PMC11381316 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.70023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Electrical stimulation (ES) has been shown to substantially enhance the quality of life by alleviating pain in patients with chronic wounds. This study aimed to observe the effects of low-frequency pulsed wearable ES at the common peroneal nerve on chronic refractory wounds of the lower limb. Methods Forty-eight participants were randomly divided into control group (n = 24) and treatment group (n = 24) in this study. The control group received standard wound care (SWC) exclusively, whereas the treatment group was administered both SWC and the wearable low-frequency ES targeting the common peroneal nerve. Measurements of wound area, pain intensity, wound status, and quality of life scores were systematically recorded both before and after 4 weeks treatment. Results After 4 weeks of intervention, the percentage area reduction was significantly higher in the treatment group compared to the control group (Z = -3.9, p < 0.001), and the healing rate of the treatment group was significantly higher than that of the control group (33% vs. 4%). Moreover, the visual Analog Scale for Pain score (β = -0.65, p = 0.019), the Bates-Jensen Wound Assessment Tool score (p < 0.05), and the questionnaire on quality of life with chronic wounds (Wound-Qol) score (β = -4.23, p = 0.003) were significantly decreased in the patients in the treatment group compared to the control group. Conclusion The wearable low-frequency pulsed ES at the common peroneal nerve for the treatment of chronic refractory wounds showed significant improvement and were far superior compared to SWC. Future research should broaden its scope to include a diverse range of wound types and benefit from collaboration across multiple research centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ma
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine The Affiliated Jiangsu Shengze Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Suzhou China
| | - Chuan He
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine The Affiliated Jiangsu Shengze Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Suzhou China
| | - Youhui Gong
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine The Affiliated Jiangsu Shengze Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Suzhou China
| | - Lifang Qian
- Oncology Center The Affiliated Jiangsu Shengze Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Suzhou China
| | - Qian Lu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine The Affiliated Jiangsu Shengze Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Suzhou China
| | - Jinhua Li
- Oncology Center The Affiliated Jiangsu Shengze Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Suzhou China
| | - Li-Juan Zong
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University Nanjing China
| | - Jie Song
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Zhifei Yin
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
| | - Ying Shen
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University Nanjing China
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Kaveti R, Jakus MA, Chen H, Jain B, Kennedy DG, Caso EA, Mishra N, Sharma N, Uzunoğlu BE, Han WB, Jang TM, Hwang SW, Theocharidis G, Sumpio BJ, Veves A, Sia SK, Bandodkar AJ. Water-powered, electronics-free dressings that electrically stimulate wounds for rapid wound closure. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eado7538. [PMID: 39110791 PMCID: PMC11305378 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ado7538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Chronic wounds affect ~2% of the U.S. population and increase risks of amputation and mortality. Unfortunately, treatments for such wounds are often expensive, complex, and only moderately effective. Electrotherapy represents a cost-effective treatment; however, its reliance on bulky equipment limits its clinical use. Here, we introduce water-powered, electronics-free dressings (WPEDs) that offer a unique solution to this issue. The WPED performs even under harsh conditions-situations wherein many present treatments fail. It uses a flexible, biocompatible magnesium-silver/silver chloride battery and a pair of stimulation electrodes; upon the addition of water, the battery creates a radial electric field. Experiments in diabetic mice confirm the WPED's ability to accelerate wound closure and promote healing by increasing epidermal thickness, modulating inflammation, and promoting angiogenesis. Across preclinical wound models, the WPED-treated group heals faster than the control with wound closure rates comparable to treatments requiring expensive biologics and/or complex electronics. The results demonstrate the WPED's potential as an effective and more practical wound treatment dressing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajaram Kaveti
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
- Center for Advanced Self-Powered Systems of Integrated Sensors and Technologies (ASSIST), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Margaret A. Jakus
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Henry Chen
- Center for Advanced Self-Powered Systems of Integrated Sensors and Technologies (ASSIST), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Bhavya Jain
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
- Center for Advanced Self-Powered Systems of Integrated Sensors and Technologies (ASSIST), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Darragh G. Kennedy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Caso
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Navya Mishra
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
- Center for Advanced Self-Powered Systems of Integrated Sensors and Technologies (ASSIST), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Nivesh Sharma
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
- Center for Advanced Self-Powered Systems of Integrated Sensors and Technologies (ASSIST), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Baha Erim Uzunoğlu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
- Center for Advanced Self-Powered Systems of Integrated Sensors and Technologies (ASSIST), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Won Bae Han
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Tae-Min Jang
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk-Won Hwang
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 5 Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Department of Integrative Energy Engineering, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Georgios Theocharidis
- Joslin-Beth Israel Deaconess Foot Center and The Rongxiang Xu, MD, Center for Regenerative Therapeutics, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Brandon J. Sumpio
- Joslin-Beth Israel Deaconess Foot Center and The Rongxiang Xu, MD, Center for Regenerative Therapeutics, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Aristidis Veves
- Joslin-Beth Israel Deaconess Foot Center and The Rongxiang Xu, MD, Center for Regenerative Therapeutics, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Samuel K. Sia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Amay J. Bandodkar
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
- Center for Advanced Self-Powered Systems of Integrated Sensors and Technologies (ASSIST), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
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Zhou Y, Ma X, Yu C, Tian Y, Liang Q, Xin M, Sun P, Liu F, Chao D, Jia X, Wang C, Lu G. A Wearable Self-Charging Electroceutical Device for Bacteria-Infected Wound Healing. ACS NANO 2024; 18:15681-15694. [PMID: 38848285 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c01818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
The prolonged wound-healing process caused by pathogen infection remains a major public health challenge. The developed electrical antibiotic administration typically requires metal electrodes wired to a continuous power supply, restricting their use beyond clinical environments. To obviate the necessity for antibiotics and an external power source, we have developed a wearable synergistic electroceutical device composed of an air self-charging Zn battery. This battery integrates sustained tissue regeneration and antibacterial modalities while maintaining more than half of the initial capacity after ten cycles of chemical charging. In vitro bacterial/cell coculture with the self-charging battery demonstrates inhibited bacterial activity and enhanced cell function by simulating the endogenous electric field and dynamically engineering the microenvironment with released chemicals. This electroceutical device provides accelerated healing of a bacteria-infected wound by stimulating angiogenesis and modulating inflammation, while effectively inhibiting bacterial growth at the wound site. Considering the simple structure and easy operation for long-term treatment, this self-charging electroceutical device offers great potential for personalized wound care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Xuenan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Changchun Yu
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, School of Biomedical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry, and Vision Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325027, China
| | - Yaping Tian
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology of the First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Qin Liang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Meiying Xin
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatric Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Peng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
- International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Fangmeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
- International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Danming Chao
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Xiaoteng Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Caiyun Wang
- Intelligent Polymer Research Institute, AIIM Facility, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia
| | - Geyu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
- International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
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Nain A, Chakraborty S, Barman SR, Gavit P, Indrakumar S, Agrawal A, Lin ZH, Chatterjee K. Progress in the development of piezoelectric biomaterials for tissue remodeling. Biomaterials 2024; 307:122528. [PMID: 38522326 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2024.122528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Piezoelectric biomaterials have demonstrated significant potential in the past few decades to heal damaged tissue and restore cellular functionalities. Herein, we discuss the role of bioelectricity in tissue remodeling and explore ways to mimic such tissue-like properties in synthetic biomaterials. In the past decade, biomedical engineers have adopted emerging functional biomaterials-based tissue engineering approaches using innovative bioelectronic stimulation protocols based on dynamic stimuli to direct cellular activation, proliferation, and differentiation on engineered biomaterial constructs. The primary focus of this review is to discuss the concepts of piezoelectric energy harvesting, piezoelectric materials, and their application in soft (skin and neural) and hard (dental and bone) tissue regeneration. While discussing the prospective applications as an engineered tissue, an important distinction has been made between piezoceramics, piezopolymers, and their composites. The superiority of piezopolymers over piezoceramics to circumvent issues such as stiffness mismatch, biocompatibility, and biodegradability are highlighted. We aim to provide a comprehensive review of the field and identify opportunities for the future to develop clinically relevant and state-of-the-art biomaterials for personalized and remote health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Nain
- Department of Material Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, Karnataka, India.
| | - Srishti Chakraborty
- Department of Material Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, Karnataka, India
| | - Snigdha Roy Barman
- Department of Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, Karnataka, India
| | - Pratik Gavit
- Department of Material Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, Karnataka, India; School of Bio Science and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, India
| | - Sushma Indrakumar
- Department of Material Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, Karnataka, India
| | - Akhilesh Agrawal
- Department of Material Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, Karnataka, India
| | - Zong-Hong Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipe, 10617, Taiwan.
| | - Kaushik Chatterjee
- Department of Material Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, Karnataka, India; Department of Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560012, Karnataka, India.
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Zhang J, Wang M, Yuan H, Zeng XF, Wang JX, Le Y. Accelerated Wound Healing by Electrospun Multifunctional Fibers with Self-Powered Performance. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:9134-9143. [PMID: 38636482 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c00545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Wound healing has been a persistent clinical challenge for a long time. Electrical stimulation is an effective therapy with the potential to accelerate wound healing. In this work, the self-powered electrospun nanofiber membranes (triples) were constructed as multifunctional wound dressings with electrical stimulation and biochemical capabilities. Triple was composed of a hydrolyzable inner layer with antiseptic and hemostatic chitosan, a hydrophilic core layer loaded with conductive AgNWs, and a hydrophobic outer layer fabricated by self-powered PVDF. Triple exhibited presentable wettability and acceptable moisture permeability. Electrical performance tests indicated that triple can transmit electrical signals formed by the piezoelectric effect to the wound. High antibacterial activities were observed for triple against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, with inhibition rates of 96.52, 98.63, and 97.26%, respectively. In vitro cell assays demonstrated that triple cells showed satisfactory proliferation and mobility. A whole blood clotting test showed that triple can enhance hemostasis. The innovative self-powered multifunctional fibers presented in this work offer a promising approach to addressing complications and expediting the promotion of chronic wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
- Research Center of the Ministry of Education for High Gravity Engineering and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Manting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
- Research Center of the Ministry of Education for High Gravity Engineering and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Hua Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
- Research Center of the Ministry of Education for High Gravity Engineering and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Xiao-Fei Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
- Research Center of the Ministry of Education for High Gravity Engineering and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Jie-Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
- Research Center of the Ministry of Education for High Gravity Engineering and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Yuan Le
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
- Research Center of the Ministry of Education for High Gravity Engineering and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
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Liu X, Cai Z, Pei M, Zeng H, Yang L, Cao W, Zhou X, Chen F. Bacterial Cellulose-Based Bandages with Integrated Antibacteria and Electrical Stimulation for Advanced Wound Management. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2302893. [PMID: 38060694 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202302893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Bandages for daily wounds are the most common medical supplies, but there are still ingrained defects in their appearance, comfort, functions, as well as environmental pollution. Here, novel bandages based on bacterial cellulose (BC) membrane for wound monitoring and advanced wound management are developed. The BC membrane is combined with silver nanowires (AgNWs) by using vacuum filtration method to achieve transparent, ultrathin (≈7 µm), breathable (389.98-547.79 g m-2 d-1 ), and sandwich-structured BC/AgNWs bandages with superior mechanical properties (108.45-202.35 MPa), antibacterial activities against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, biocompatibility, and conductivity (9.8 × 103 -2.0 × 105 S m-1 ). Significantly, the BC/AgNWs bandage is used in the electrical stimulation (direct current, 600 microamperes for 1 h every other day) treatment of full-thickness skin defect in rats, which obviously promotes wound healing by increasing the secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). The BC bandage is used for monitoring wounds and achieve a high accuracy of 94.7% in classifying wound healing stages of hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling, by using a convolutional neural network. The outcomes of this study not only provide two BC-based bandages as multifunctional wound management, but also demonstrate a new strategy for the development of the next generation of smart bandage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohao Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Center for Orthopaedic Science and Translational Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, P. R. China
| | - Zhuyun Cai
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai, 200003, P. R. China
| | - Manman Pei
- Department of Orthopaedics, Center for Orthopaedic Science and Translational Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, P. R. China
| | - Hua Zeng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Center for Orthopaedic Science and Translational Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, P. R. China
| | - Lijuan Yang
- Baidu, Inc., 701 Naxian Road, Shanghai, 201210, P. R. China
| | - Wentao Cao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Center for Orthopaedic Science and Translational Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, P. R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Stomatological Hospital and School of Stomatology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200001, P. R. China
| | - Xuhui Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University, 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai, 200003, P. R. China
| | - Feng Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Center for Orthopaedic Science and Translational Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, 301 Yanchang Road, Shanghai, 200072, P. R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Stomatological Hospital and School of Stomatology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200001, P. R. China
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Ke Q, Zhang X, Yang Y, Chen Q, Su J, Tang Y, Fang L. Wearable Magnetoelectric Stimulation for Chronic Wound Healing by Electrospun CoFe 2O 4@CTAB/PVDF Dressings. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:9839-9853. [PMID: 38372569 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c17963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Magnetoelectric stimulation is a promising therapy for various disorders due to its high efficacy and safety. To explore its potential in chronic skin wound treatment, we developed a magnetoelectric dressing, CFO@CTAB/PVDF (CCP), by electrospinning cetyltrimethylammonium bromide-modified CoFe2O4 (CFO) particles with polyvinylidene fluoride. Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) serves as a dispersion surfactant for CFO, with its quaternary ammonium cations imparting antibacterial and hydrophilic properties to the dressing. Electrospinning polarizes polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) molecules and forms a fibrous membrane with flexibility and breathability. With a wearable electromagnetic induction device, a dynamic magnetic field is established to induce magnetostrictive deformation of CFO nanoparticles. Consequently, a piezoelectric potential is generated on the surface of PVDF nanofibers to enhance the endogenous electrical field in the wound, achieving a cascade coupling of electric-magnetic-mechanical-electric effects. Bacteria and cell cultures show that 2% CTAB effectively balances antibacterial property and fibroblast activity. Under dynamic magnetoelectric stimulation, the CCP dressing demonstrates significant upregulation of TGF-β, FGF, and VEGF, promoting L929 cell adhesion and proliferation. Moreover, it facilitates the healing of diabetic rat skin wounds infected with Staphylococcus aureus within 2 weeks. Histological and molecular biology evaluations confirm the anti-inflammatory effect of CTAB and the accelerated formation of collagen and vessel by electrical stimulation. This work provides insights into the application of magnetoelectric stimulation in the healing of chronic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Ke
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan 381, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510641, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Panyu District, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan 381, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510641, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Panyu District, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yuan Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan 381, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510641, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Panyu District, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qi Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan 381, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510641, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Panyu District, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jianyu Su
- China-Singapore International Joint Research Institute, China-Singapore Smart Park, Huangpu District, Guangzhou 510555, China
| | - Youhong Tang
- Medical Device Research Institute, Institute for NanoScale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Liming Fang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan 381, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510641, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Panyu District, Guangzhou 510006, China
- China-Singapore International Joint Research Institute, China-Singapore Smart Park, Huangpu District, Guangzhou 510555, China
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Huang T, Zhang Y, Zhao L, Ren Y, Wang K, Zhang N, Zhang X, Wang J, Tu Q. Sodium hyaluronate hydrogel for wound healing and human health monitoring based on deep eutectic solvent. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 257:128801. [PMID: 38101662 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogel dressings traditionally promote wound healing by maintaining moisture and preventing infection rather than by actively stimulating the skin to regulate cell behavior. Electrical stimulation (ES) is known to modulate skin cell behavior and to promote wound healing. This study describes the first multifunctional conductive hydrogel for wound healing and health monitoring based on a deep eutectic solvent (DES). Sodium hyaluronate and polydopamine constituted the hydrogel skeleton, and tea tree oil and Panax notoginseng extract were used as the active ingredients to induce adhesion, promote antioxidant and antibacterial activity, and support biocompatibility of the hydrogel. The inclusion of DES increases the temperature resistance of the hydrogel and improves its environmental adaptability. We used a small, portable coin battery-powered to provide electrical stimulation. Treatment with both the hydrogel and ES resulted in a stronger therapeutic effect than that provided by the commercial DuoDERM dressing. The hydrogel detected movement and strain when applied as a sensor. Overall, this study reports the development of a multifunctional conductive hydrogel dressing based on DES as a wound healing and health monitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Huang
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yingbing Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Li Zhao
- The Hospital of NWAFU, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Yu Ren
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Keke Wang
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Nannan Zhang
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jinyi Wang
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Qin Tu
- College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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10
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Liu W, Zu L, Wang S, Li J, Fei X, Geng M, Zhu C, Shi H. Tailored biomedical materials for wound healing. BURNS & TRAUMA 2023; 11:tkad040. [PMID: 37899884 PMCID: PMC10605015 DOI: 10.1093/burnst/tkad040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Wound healing is a long-term, multi-stage biological process that mainly includes haemostatic, inflammatory, proliferative and tissue remodelling phases. Controlling infection and inflammation and promoting tissue regeneration can contribute well to wound healing. Smart biomaterials offer significant advantages in wound healing because of their ability to control wound healing in time and space. Understanding how biomaterials are designed for different stages of wound healing will facilitate future personalized material tailoring for different wounds, making them beneficial for wound therapy. This review summarizes the design approaches of biomaterials in the field of anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and tissue regeneration, highlights the advanced precise control achieved by biomaterials in different stages of wound healing and outlines the clinical and practical applications of biomaterials in wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Liu
- Clinical laboratory, Affiliated Aoyang Hospital of Jiangsu University, 279 Jingang Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Stem Cell, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Lihua Zu
- Clinical laboratory, Affiliated Aoyang Hospital of Jiangsu University, 279 Jingang Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shanzheng Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, 87 Ding Jia Qiao Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Jingyao Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Stem Cell, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Fei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Stem Cell, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Meng Geng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Stem Cell, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Chunlei Zhu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Aoyang Hospital of Jiangsu University, 279 Jingang Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Shi
- Clinical laboratory, Affiliated Aoyang Hospital of Jiangsu University, 279 Jingang Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Stem Cell, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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11
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Yadav A, Patil R, Dutta S. Advanced Self-Powered Biofuel Cells with Capacitor and Nanogenerator for Biomarker Sensing. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2023; 6:4060-4080. [PMID: 37787456 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c00640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Self-powered biofuel cells (BFCs) have evolved for highly sensitive detection of biomarkers such as noncodon micro ribonucleic acids (miRNAs) in the presence of interfering substrates. Self-charging supercapacitive BFCs for in vivo and in vitro cellular microenvironments represent the most prevalent sensing mechanism for diagnosis. Therefore, self-powered biosensing (SPB) with a capacitor and contact separation with a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) offers electrochemical and colorimetric dual-mode detection via improved electrical signal intensity. In this review, we discuss three major components: stretchable self-powered BFC design, miRNA sensing, and impedance spectroscopy. A specific focus is given to 1) assembling of sensors for biomarkers, 2) electrical output signal intensification, and 3) role of supercapacitors and nanogenerators in SPBs. We outline the key features of stretchable SPBs and the sequence of miRNA sensing by SPBs. We have emphasized the need of a supercapacitor and nanogenerator for SPBs in the context of advanced assembly of the sensing unit. Finally, we outline the role of impedance spectroscopy in the detection and estimation of biomarkers. We highlight key challenges in SPBs for biomarker sensing, which needs improved sensing accuracy, integration strategies of electrochemical biosensing for in vitro and in vivo microenvironments, and the impact of miRNA sensing on cancer diagnostics. This article attempts a specific focus on the accuracy and limitations of sensing unit for miRNA biomarkers and associated tool for boosting electrical signal intensity for a potential big step further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anubha Yadav
- Electrochemical Energy & Sensor Research Laboratory Amity Institute of Click Chemistry Research & Studies, Amity University, Sector 125, Noida 201301, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rahul Patil
- Electrochemical Energy & Sensor Research Laboratory Amity Institute of Click Chemistry Research & Studies, Amity University, Sector 125, Noida 201301, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Saikat Dutta
- Electrochemical Energy & Sensor Research Laboratory Amity Institute of Click Chemistry Research & Studies, Amity University, Sector 125, Noida 201301, Uttar Pradesh, India
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12
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Zhang X, Wang Z, Jiang H, Zeng H, An N, Liu B, Sun L, Fan Z. Self-powered enzyme-linked microneedle patch for scar-prevention healing of diabetic wounds. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadh1415. [PMID: 37450590 PMCID: PMC10348682 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh1415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic wounds with complex pathological features and a difficult-to-heal nature remain a formidable challenge. To address this challenge, we design and fabricate a self-powered enzyme-linked microneedle (MN) patch composed of anode and cathode MN arrays, which respectively contain glucose oxidase (GOx) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) encapsulated in ZIF-8 nanoparticles. The enzymatic cascade reaction in the MN patch can effectively reduce local hyperglycemia in diabetic wounds while generating stable microcurrents to promote rapid healing of diabetic wounds. Therefore, the diabetic wounds treated with this MN patch exhibit rapid, complete, and scar-preventative healing, which can be attributed to the synergistic actions of hypoglycemic, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and bioelectrical stimulation. In brief, the self-powered MN patch is an effective method to rapidly promote diabetic wound healing and prevent scar formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangli Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dental Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Biological Intelligence Manufacturing, Gansu Province, School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
| | - Zhilong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Dental Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Biological Intelligence Manufacturing, Gansu Province, School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Dental Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Biological Intelligence Manufacturing, Gansu Province, School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
| | - Huajing Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Dental Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Biological Intelligence Manufacturing, Gansu Province, School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
| | - Nan An
- Key Laboratory of Dental Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Biological Intelligence Manufacturing, Gansu Province, School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
| | - Bin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Dental Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Biological Intelligence Manufacturing, Gansu Province, School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
| | - Luyi Sun
- Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science and Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Zengjie Fan
- Key Laboratory of Dental Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Biological Intelligence Manufacturing, Gansu Province, School of Stomatology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, P.R. China
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13
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Yuan R, Yang N, Huang Y, Li W, Zeng Y, Liu Z, Tan X, Feng F, Zhang Q, Su S, Chu C, Liu L, Ge L. Layer-by-Layer Microneedle-Mediated rhEGF Transdermal Delivery for Enhanced Wound Epidermal Regeneration and Angiogenesis. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:21929-21940. [PMID: 37126734 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c02254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Appropriate treatments for acute traumas tend to avoid hemorrhages, vascular damage, and infections. However, in the homeostasis-imbalanced wound microenvironment, currently developed therapies could not precisely and controllably deliver biomacromolecular drugs, which are confronted with challenges due to large molecular weight, poor biomembrane permeability, low dosage, rapid degradation, and bioactivity loss. To conquer this, we construct a simple and effective layer-by-layer (LBL) self-assembly transdermal delivery patch, bearing microneedles (MN) coated with recombinant human epidermal growth factor (LBL MN-rhEGF) for a sustained release to wound bed driven by typical electrostatic force. Pyramidal LBL MN-rhEGF patches hold so enough mechanical strength to penetrate the stratum corneum, and generated microchannels allow rhEGF direct delivery in situ. The administrable delivery of biomacromolecular rhEGF through hierarchically coated MN arrays follows the diffusion mechanism of Fick's second law. Numerous efforts further have illustrated that finger-pressing LBL MN-rhEGF patches could not only promote cell proliferation of normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDF) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) in vitro but also take significant effects (regenerative epidermis: ∼144 μm; pro-angiogenesis: higher CD31 expression) in accelerating wound healing of mechanically injured rats, compared to the traditional dressing, which relies on passive diffusion. Our proof-of-concept features novel LBL biomacromolecular drug-delivery systems and self-administrated precision medicine modes at the point of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renqiang Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, P.R. China
| | - Ning Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, P.R. China
| | - Yueru Huang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
| | - Weikun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, P.R. China
| | - Yi Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, P.R. China
| | - Zonghao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, P.R. China
| | - Xin Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, P.R. China
| | - Fang Feng
- Jiangsu Yuyue Medical Equipment & Supply Co., Ltd., Development Zone, Danyang 212310, P.R. China
| | - Qianli Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Life Science, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, P.R. China
| | - Shao Su
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, P.R. China
| | - Cuilin Chu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
| | - Ling Liu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, P.R. China
| | - Liqin Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, P.R. China
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14
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Shaner S, Savelyeva A, Kvartuh A, Jedrusik N, Matter L, Leal J, Asplund M. Bioelectronic microfluidic wound healing: a platform for investigating direct current stimulation of injured cell collectives. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:1531-1546. [PMID: 36723025 PMCID: PMC10013350 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc01045c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Upon cutaneous injury, the human body naturally forms an electric field (EF) that acts as a guidance cue for relevant cellular and tissue repair and reorganization. However, the direct current (DC) flow imparted by this EF can be impacted by a variety of diseases. This work delves into the impact of DC stimulation on both healthy and diabetic in vitro wound healing models of human keratinocytes, the most prevalent cell type of the skin. The culmination of non-metal electrode materials and prudent microfluidic design allowed us to create a compact bioelectronic platform to study the effects of different sustained (12 hours galvanostatic DC) EF configurations on wound closure dynamics. Specifically, we compared if electrotactically closing a wound's gap from one wound edge (i.e., uni-directional EF) is as effective as compared to alternatingly polarizing both the wound's edges (i.e., pseudo-converging EF) as both of these spatial stimulation strategies are fundamental to the eventual translational electrode design and strategy. We found that uni-directional electric guidance cues were superior in group keratinocyte healing dynamics by enhancing the wound closure rate nearly three-fold for both healthy and diabetic-like keratinocyte collectives, compared to their non-stimulated respective controls. The motility-inhibited and diabetic-like keratinocytes regained wound closure rates with uni-directional electrical stimulation (increase from 1.0 to 2.8% h-1) comparable to their healthy non-stimulated keratinocyte counterparts (3.5% h-1). Our results bring hope that electrical stimulation delivered in a controlled manner can be a viable pathway to accelerate wound repair, and also by providing a baseline for other researchers trying to find an optimal electrode blueprint for in vivo DC stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Shaner
- Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 201, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
- Brainlinks-Braintools Center, Georges-Köhler-Allee 201, 79110, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Anna Savelyeva
- Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 201, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
- Brainlinks-Braintools Center, Georges-Köhler-Allee 201, 79110, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Anja Kvartuh
- Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 201, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nicole Jedrusik
- Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 201, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
- Brainlinks-Braintools Center, Georges-Köhler-Allee 201, 79110, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Lukas Matter
- Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 201, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
| | - José Leal
- Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 201, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
- Brainlinks-Braintools Center, Georges-Köhler-Allee 201, 79110, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Maria Asplund
- Department of Microsystems Engineering, University of Freiburg, Georges-Köhler-Allee 201, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
- Brainlinks-Braintools Center, Georges-Köhler-Allee 201, 79110, Freiburg, Germany.
- Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies (FRIAS), University of Freiburg, Albertstr. 19, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
- Division of Nursing and Medical Technology, Luleå University of Technology, 971 87, Luleå, Sweden
- Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 9, 412 58, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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15
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Song JW, Ryu H, Bai W, Xie Z, Vázquez-Guardado A, Nandoliya K, Avila R, Lee G, Song Z, Kim J, Lee MK, Liu Y, Kim M, Wang H, Wu Y, Yoon HJ, Kwak SS, Shin J, Kwon K, Lu W, Chen X, Huang Y, Ameer GA, Rogers JA. Bioresorbable, wireless, and battery-free system for electrotherapy and impedance sensing at wound sites. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eade4687. [PMID: 36812305 PMCID: PMC9946359 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade4687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Chronic wounds, particularly those associated with diabetes mellitus, represent a growing threat to public health, with additional notable economic impacts. Inflammation associated with these wounds leads to abnormalities in endogenous electrical signals that impede the migration of keratinocytes needed to support the healing process. This observation motivates the treatment of chronic wounds with electrical stimulation therapy, but practical engineering challenges, difficulties in removing stimulation hardware from the wound site, and absence of means to monitor the healing process create barriers to widespread clinical use. Here, we demonstrate a miniaturized wireless, battery-free bioresorbable electrotherapy system that overcomes these challenges. Studies based on a splinted diabetic mouse wound model confirm the efficacy for accelerated wound closure by guiding epithelial migration, modulating inflammation, and promoting vasculogenesis. Changes in the impedance provide means for tracking the healing process. The results demonstrate a simple and effective platform for wound site electrotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph W. Song
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Center for Advanced Regenerative Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Hanjun Ryu
- Department of Advanced Materials Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Korea
| | - Wubin Bai
- Department of Applied Physical Sciences, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Zhaoqian Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
- DUT-BSU Joint Institute, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | | | - Khizar Nandoliya
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Raudel Avila
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Geumbee Lee
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Zhen Song
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116023, P. R. China
| | - Jihye Kim
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Min-Kyu Lee
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Yugang Liu
- Center for Advanced Regenerative Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Mirae Kim
- Center for Advanced Regenerative Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Huifeng Wang
- Center for Advanced Regenerative Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Yixin Wu
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Hong-Joon Yoon
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea
| | - Sung Soo Kwak
- Center for Bionics of Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jaeho Shin
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Kyeongha Kwon
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Wei Lu
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Xuexian Chen
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 China
| | - Yonggang Huang
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Departments of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Guillermo A. Ameer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Center for Advanced Regenerative Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Simpson Querrey Institute for Bionanotechnology, Evanston, IL, USA
- Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - John A. Rogers
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Querrey Simpson Institute for Bioelectronics, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Center for Advanced Regenerative Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
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16
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Barman SR, Chan SW, Kao FC, Ho HY, Khan I, Pal A, Huang CC, Lin ZH. A self-powered multifunctional dressing for active infection prevention and accelerated wound healing. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadc8758. [PMID: 36696504 PMCID: PMC9876552 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adc8758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Interruption of the wound healing process due to pathogenic infection remains a major health care challenge. The existing methods for wound management require power sources that hinder their utilization outside of clinical settings. Here, a next generation of wearable self-powered wound dressing is developed, which can be activated by diverse stimuli from the patient's body and provide on-demand treatment for both normal and infected wounds. The highly tunable dressing is composed of thermocatalytic bismuth telluride nanoplates (Bi2Te3 NPs) functionalized onto carbon fiber fabric electrodes and triggered by the surrounding temperature difference to controllably generate hydrogen peroxide to effectively inhibit bacterial growth at the wound site. The integrated electrodes are connected to a wearable triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) to provide electrical stimulation for accelerated wound closure by enhancing cellular proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis. The reported self-powered dressing holds great potential in facilitating personalized and user-friendly wound care with improved healing outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snigdha Roy Barman
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- International Intercollegiate Ph.D. Program, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Shuen-Wen Chan
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Cheng Kao
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Spine Section, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Hsuan-Yu Ho
- Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Imran Khan
- Institute of NanoEngineering and Microsystems, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Arnab Pal
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- International Intercollegiate Ph.D. Program, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ching Huang
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202301, Taiwan
- Center of Excellence for the Oceans, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202301, Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Zong-Hong Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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17
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Goh GD, Lee JM, Goh GL, Huang X, Lee S, Yeong WY. Machine Learning for Bioelectronics on Wearable and Implantable Devices: Challenges and Potential. Tissue Eng Part A 2023; 29:20-46. [PMID: 36047505 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2022.0119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioelectronics presents a promising future in the field of embedded and implantable electronics, providing a range of functional applications, from personal health monitoring to bioactuators. However, due to the intrinsic difficulties present in producing and optimizing bioelectronics, recent research has focused on utilizing machine learning (ML) to reliably mitigate such issues and aid in process development. This review focuses on the recent developments of integrating ML into bioelectronics, aiding in a multitude of areas, such as material development, fabrication process optimization, and system integration. First, discussing how ML has aided in the material development by identifying complex relationships between process input parameters and desired outputs, such as product design. Second, examine the advancements in ML to accurately optimize fabrication precision and stability for various 3D printing technologies. Third, provide an overview of how ML can greatly assist in the analysis of complex, nonlinear relationships in data obtained from bioelectronics. Lastly, a summary of the challenges present with utilizing ML with bioelectronics and any other developments in this field. Such advancements in the field of bioelectronics and ML could hopefully build a strong foundation for this research field, promoting smart optimization together with effective use of ML to further enhance the effectiveness of such applications. Impact statement The article serves to give insight about the use of the machine learning (ML) techniques in the field of bioelectronics, since bioelectronics and ML are two distinct fields. This article allows bioelectronics researcher to get to know the latest advancement in the ML field. On the other hand, the article provides an insight to the ML researchers about how ML techniques can be useful in bioelectronics applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo Dong Goh
- Singapore Center for 3D Printing, School of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jia Min Lee
- NTU-HP Joint Lab and Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Guo Liang Goh
- Schaeffler Hub for Advanced Research (SHARE@NTU), Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xi Huang
- NTU-HP Joint Lab and Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Samuel Lee
- Schaeffler Hub for Advanced Research (SHARE@NTU), Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wai Yee Yeong
- Singapore Center for 3D Printing, School of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Schaeffler Hub for Advanced Research (SHARE@NTU), Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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18
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Wang L, Su Q, Liu Y, Yimamumaimaiti T, Hu D, Zhu JJ, Zhang JR. A self-powered and drug-free diabetic wound healing patch breaking hyperglycemia and low H 2O 2 limitations and precisely sterilizing driven by electricity. Chem Sci 2022; 13:12136-12143. [PMID: 36349095 PMCID: PMC9601455 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc04242h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Accelerating diabetes-related chronic wound healing is a long-sought-after goal in diabetes management. However, therapeutic strategies based on antibiotics or catalysts still face great challenges to break the limitations of antimicrobial resistance, low H2O2 and the blocking effect of bacterial biofilms on antibiotic/catalyst penetration. Herein, we reported a glucose biofuel cell-powered and drug-free antibacterial patch, which consisted of an MAF-7 protected glucose oxidase/horseradish peroxidase anode and a horseradish peroxidase cathode, for treating diabetic wounds. This self-powered patch could take high blood glucose as fuel to generate electricity and abundant reactive oxygen species (ROS) in situ, synergistically regulating local hyperglycemia and breaking the limitations of insufficient ROS caused by low H2O2 levels. In particular, the electric field created by the GBFC could drive the negatively charged bacteria to adhere firmly to the electrode surface. As a result, the ROS produced in situ on the electrodes was localized to the bacteria, realizing precise sterilization. In vivo experiments confirmed that this self-powered patch enabled the wounds on diabetic mice to take a mere 10 days to eliminate inflammation and form mature skin with new hair follicles, demonstrating its great potential in treating bacteria-infected diabetic wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for Industry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology Xi'an 710021 China
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Qiwen Su
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Yi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Tajiguli Yimamumaimaiti
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Dandan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Jun-Jie Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Jian-Rong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
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19
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A machine learning based model accurately predicts cellular response to electric fields in multiple cell types. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9912. [PMID: 35705588 PMCID: PMC9200721 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13925-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Many cell types migrate in response to naturally generated electric fields. Furthermore, it has been suggested that the external application of an electric field may be used to intervene in and optimize natural processes such as wound healing. Precise cell guidance suitable for such optimization may rely on predictive models of cell migration, which do not generalize. Here, we present a machine learning model that can forecast directedness of cell migration given a timeseries of previous directedness and electric field values. This model is trained using time series galvanotaxis data of mammalian cranial neural crest cells obtained through time-lapse microscopy of cells cultured at 37 °C in a galvanotaxis chamber at ambient pressure. Next, we show that our modeling approach can be used for a variety of cell types and experimental conditions with very limited training data using transfer learning methods. We adapt the model to predict cell behavior for keratocytes (room temperature, ~ 18–20 °C) and keratinocytes (37 °C) under similar experimental conditions with a small dataset (~ 2–5 cells). Finally, this model can be used to perform in silico studies by simulating cell migration lines under time-varying and unseen electric fields. We demonstrate this by simulating feedback control on cell migration using a proportional–integral–derivative (PID) controller. This data-driven approach provides predictive models of cell migration that may be suitable for designing electric field based cellular control mechanisms for applications in precision medicine such as wound healing.
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20
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Zhao G, Zhou H, Jin G, Jin B, Geng S, Luo Z, Ge Z, Xu F. Rational Design of Electrically Conductive Biomaterials toward Excitable Tissues Regeneration. Prog Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2022.101573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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21
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Gao C, Song S, Lv Y, Huang J, Zhang Z. Recent Development of Conductive Hydrogels for Tissue Engineering: Review and Perspective. Macromol Biosci 2022; 22:e2200051. [PMID: 35472125 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.202200051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, tissue engineering techniques have been rapidly developed and offer a new therapeutic approach to organ or tissue damage repair. However, most of tissue engineering scaffolds are nonconductive and cannot establish effective electrical coupling with tissue for the electroactive tissues. Electroconductive hydrogels (ECHs) have received increasing attention in tissue engineering owing to their electroconductivity, biocompatibility and high water content. In vitro, ECHs can not only promote the communication of electrical signals between cells, but also mediate the adhesion, proliferation, migration, and differentiation of different kinds of cells. In vivo, ECHs can transmit the electric signal to electroactive tissues and activate bioelectrical signaling pathways to promote tissue repair. As a result, implanting ECHs into damaged tissues can effectively reconstruct physiological functions related to electrical conduction. In this review, we first present an overview about the classifications and the fabrication methods of ECHs. And then, the applications of ECHs in tissue engineering, including cardiac, nerve, skin and skeletal muscle tissue, are highlighted. At last, we provide some rational guidelines for designing ECHs towards clinical applications. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoshuai Song
- CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China.,School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinjuan Lv
- CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China.,School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory for Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, People's Republic of China.,School of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, 230026, People's Republic of China
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22
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Yu R, Li M, Li Z, Pan G, Liang Y, Guo B. Supramolecular Thermo-Contracting Adhesive Hydrogel with Self-Removability Simultaneously Enhancing Noninvasive Wound Closure and MRSA-Infected Wound Healing. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2102749. [PMID: 35426232 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202102749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Conventional wound closure and dressing are two crucial, time-consuming but isolated principles in wound care. Even though tissue adhesive opens a new era for wound closure, the method and biomaterial that can simultaneously achieve noninvasive wound closure and promote wound healing are highly appreciated. Herein, a novel supramolecular poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) hybrid hydrogel dressing composed of quaternized chitosan-graft-β-cyclodextrin, adenine, and polypyrrole nanotubes via host-guest interaction and hydrogen bonds is developed. The hydrogel demonstrates thermal contraction of 47% remaining area after 2 h at 37 ℃ and tissue adhesion of 5.74 kPa, which are essential for noninvasive wound closure, and multiple mechanical and biological properties including suitable mechanical properties, self-healing, on-demand removal, antioxidant, hemostasis, and photothermal/intrinsic antibacterial activity (higher 99% killing ratio within 5 min after irradiation). In both full-thickness skin incision and excision wound models, the hydrogel reveals significant wound closure after 24 h post-surgery. In acute and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus-infected wound and photothermal/intrinsic antibacterial activity assays, wounds treated with the hydrogel demonstrate enhanced wound healing with rapid wound closure rate, mild inflammatory response, advanced angiogenesis, and well-arranged collagen fibers. Altogether, the results indicate the hydrogel is promising in synchronously noninvasive wound closure and enhanced wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yu
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research College of Stomatology Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, and State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China
| | - Meng Li
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, and State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China
| | - Zhenlong Li
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, and State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China
| | - Guoying Pan
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, and State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China
| | - Yuqing Liang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research College of Stomatology Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China
| | - Baolin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research College of Stomatology Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, and State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China
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23
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Xiang W, Xie Y, Han Y, Long Z, Zhang W, Zhong T, Liang S, Xing L, Xue X, Zhan Y. A self-powered wearable brain-machine-interface system for ceasing action. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:4671-4678. [PMID: 35262127 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr08168c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A self-powered wearable brain-machine-interface system with pulse detection and brain stimulation for ceasing action has been realized. The system is composed of (1) a power supply unit that employs a piezoelectric generator and converts the mechanical energy of human daily activities into electricity; (2) a neck pulse biosensor that allows continuous measurements of carotid pulse by using a piezoelectric polyvinylidene fluoride film; (3) a data analysis module that enables a coordinated brain-machine-interface system to output brain stimulation signals; and (4) brain stimulating electrodes linked to the brain that implement behavioral intervention. Demonstration of the system with stimulating electrodes implanted in the periaqueductal gray (PAG) in running mice reveals the great effect of forced ceasing action. The mice stop their running within several seconds when the stimulation signals are sent into the PAG brain region (inducing fear). This self-powered scheme for neural stimulation realizes specific behavioral intervention without any external power supply, thus providing a new concept for future behavior intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Xiang
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China.
| | - Yan Xie
- Department of Neurology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Yechao Han
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Brain Diseases, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Zhihe Long
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Wanglinhan Zhang
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China.
| | - Tianyan Zhong
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China.
| | - Shan Liang
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China.
| | - Lili Xing
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China.
| | - Xinyu Xue
- School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China.
| | - Yang Zhan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute (BCBDI), Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Brain Diseases, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science-Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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24
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Yu R, Zhang H, Guo B. Conductive Biomaterials as Bioactive Wound Dressing for Wound Healing and Skin Tissue Engineering. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2021; 14:1. [PMID: 34859323 PMCID: PMC8639891 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-021-00751-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 77.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Conductive biomaterials based on conductive polymers, carbon nanomaterials, or conductive inorganic nanomaterials demonstrate great potential in wound healing and skin tissue engineering, owing to the similar conductivity to human skin, good antioxidant and antibacterial activities, electrically controlled drug delivery, and photothermal effect. However, a review highlights the design and application of conductive biomaterials for wound healing and skin tissue engineering is lacking. In this review, the design and fabrication methods of conductive biomaterials with various structural forms including film, nanofiber, membrane, hydrogel, sponge, foam, and acellular dermal matrix for applications in wound healing and skin tissue engineering and the corresponding mechanism in promoting the healing process were summarized. The approaches that conductive biomaterials realize their great value in healing wounds via three main strategies (electrotherapy, wound dressing, and wound assessment) were reviewed. The application of conductive biomaterials as wound dressing when facing different wounds including acute wound and chronic wound (infected wound and diabetic wound) and for wound monitoring is discussed in detail. The challenges and perspectives in designing and developing multifunctional conductive biomaterials are proposed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Hualei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Baolin Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, People's Republic of China.
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25
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Abe Y, Nishizawa M. Electrical aspects of skin as a pathway to engineering skin devices. APL Bioeng 2021; 5:041509. [PMID: 34849444 PMCID: PMC8604566 DOI: 10.1063/5.0064529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin is one of the indispensable organs for life. The epidermis at the outermost surface provides a permeability barrier to infectious agents, chemicals, and excessive loss of water, while the dermis and subcutaneous tissue mechanically support the structure of the skin and appendages, including hairs and secretory glands. The integrity of the integumentary system is a key for general health, and many techniques have been developed to measure and control this protective function. In contrast, the effective skin barrier is the major obstacle for transdermal delivery and detection. Changes in the electrical properties of skin, such as impedance and ionic activity, is a practical indicator that reflects the structures and functions of the skin. For example, the impedance that reflects the hydration of the skin is measured for quantitative assessment in skincare, and the current generated across a wound is used for the evaluation and control of wound healing. Furthermore, the electrically charged structure of the skin enables transdermal drug delivery and chemical extraction. This paper provides an overview of the electrical aspects of the skin and summarizes current advances in the development of devices based on these features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuina Abe
- Department of Finemechanics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-01 Aramaki-aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Matsuhiko Nishizawa
- Department of Finemechanics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-01 Aramaki-aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
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26
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McCarthy A, Shah R, John JV, Brown D, Xie J. Understanding and utilizing textile-based electrostatic flocking for biomedical applications. APPLIED PHYSICS REVIEWS 2021; 8:041326. [PMID: 35003482 PMCID: PMC8715800 DOI: 10.1063/5.0070658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Electrostatic flocking immobilizes electrical charges to the surface of microfibers from a high voltage-connected electrode and utilizes Coulombic forces to propel microfibers toward an adhesive-coated substrate, leaving a forest of aligned fibers. This traditional textile engineering technique has been used to modify surfaces or to create standalone anisotropic structures. Notably, a small body of evidence validating the use of electrostatic flocking for biomedical applications has emerged over the past several years. Noting the growing interest in utilizing electrostatic flocking in biomedical research, we aim to provide an overview of electrostatic flocking, including the principle, setups, and general and biomedical considerations, and propose a variety of biomedical applications. We begin with an introduction to the development and general applications of electrostatic flocking. Additionally, we introduce and review some of the flocking physics and mathematical considerations. We then discuss how to select, synthesize, and tune the main components (flocking fibers, adhesives, substrates) of electrostatic flocking for biomedical applications. After reviewing the considerations necessary for applying flocking toward biomedical research, we introduce a variety of proposed use cases including bone and skin tissue engineering, wound healing and wound management, and specimen swabbing. Finally, we presented the industrial comments followed by conclusions and future directions. We hope this review article inspires a broad audience of biomedical, material, and physics researchers to apply electrostatic flocking technology to solve a variety of biomedical and materials science problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alec McCarthy
- Department of Surgery-Transplant and Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 668198, USA
| | - Rajesh Shah
- Spectro Coating Corporation, Leominster, Massachusetts 01453, USA
| | - Johnson V. John
- Department of Surgery-Transplant and Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 668198, USA
| | - Demi Brown
- Department of Surgery-Transplant and Mary & Dick Holland Regenerative Medicine Program, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 668198, USA
| | - Jingwei Xie
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:
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27
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Bhar B, Chouhan D, Pai N, Mandal BB. Harnessing Multifaceted Next-Generation Technologies for Improved Skin Wound Healing. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:7738-7763. [PMID: 35006758 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation of sequential and synchronized events of skin regeneration often results in the impairment of chronic wounds. Conventional wound dressings fail to trigger the normal healing mechanism owing to the pathophysiological conditions. Tissue engineering approaches that deal with the fabrication of dressings using various biomaterials, growth factors, and stem cells have shown accelerated healing outcomes. However, most of these technologies are associated with difficulties in scalability and cost-effectiveness of the products. In this review, we survey the latest developments in wound healing strategies that have recently emerged through the multidisciplinary approaches of bioengineering, nanotechnology, 3D bioprinting, and similar cutting-edge technologies to overcome the limitations of conventional therapies. We also focus on the potential of wearable technology that supports complete monitoring of the changes occurring in the wound microenvironment. In addition, we review the role of advanced devices that can precisely enable the delivery of nanotherapeutics, oligonucleotides, and external stimuli in a controlled manner. These technological advancements offer the opportunity to actively influence the regeneration process to benefit the treatment regime further. Finally, the clinical relevance, trajectory, and prospects of this field have been discussed in brief that highlights their potential in providing a beneficial wound care solution at an affordable cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibrita Bhar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Dimple Chouhan
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Nakhul Pai
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Biman B Mandal
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India.,Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India.,School of Health Science and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
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28
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Zajdel TJ, Shim G, Cohen DJ. Come together: On-chip bioelectric wound closure. Biosens Bioelectron 2021; 192:113479. [PMID: 34265520 PMCID: PMC8453109 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2021.113479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing interest in bioelectric wound treatment and electrotaxis, the process by which cells detect an electric field and orient their migration along its direction, has emerged as a potential cornerstone of the endogenous wound healing response. Despite recognition of the importance of electrotaxis in wound healing, no experimental demonstration to date has shown that the actual closing of a wound can be accelerated solely by the electrotaxis response itself, and in vivo systems are too complex to resolve cell migration from other healing stages such as proliferation and inflammation. This uncertainty has led to a lack of standardization between stimulation methods, model systems, and electrode technology required for device development. In this paper, we present a 'healing-on-chip' approach that is a standardized, low-cost, model for investigating electrically accelerated wound healing. Our device provides a biomimetic convergent field geometry that more closely resembles actual wound fields. We validate this device by using electrical stimulation to close a 1.5 mm gap between two large (30 mm2) layers of primary skin keratinocyte to completely heal the gap twice as quickly as in an unstimulated tissue. This demonstration proves that convergent electrotaxis is both possible and can accelerate healing and offers an accessible 'healing-on-a-chip' platform to explore future bioelectric interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom J Zajdel
- Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, 08544, Princeton, NJ, United States
| | - Gawoon Shim
- Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, 08544, Princeton, NJ, United States
| | - Daniel J Cohen
- Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, 08544, Princeton, NJ, United States.
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29
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Cheah YJ, Buyong MR, Mohd Yunus MH. Wound Healing with Electrical Stimulation Technologies: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:3790. [PMID: 34771347 PMCID: PMC8588136 DOI: 10.3390/polym13213790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrical stimulation (ES) is an attractive field among clinicians in the topic of wound healing, which is common yet complicated and requires multidisciplinary approaches. The conventional dressing and skin graft showed no promise on complete wound closure. These urge the need for the exploration of electrical stimulation to supplement current wound care management. This review aims to provide an overview of electrical stimulation in wound healing. The mechanism of galvanotaxis related to wound repair will be reviewed at the cellular and molecular levels. Meanwhile, different modalities of externally applied electricity mimicking a physiologic electric field will be discussed and compared in vitro, in vivo, and clinically. With the emerging of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, the integration of electroconductive biomaterials into modern miniaturised dressing is of interest and has become possible with the advancing understanding of smart biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yt Jun Cheah
- Department of Physiology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur 56600, Malaysia;
| | - Muhamad Ramdzan Buyong
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Mohd Heikal Mohd Yunus
- Department of Physiology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur 56600, Malaysia;
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30
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Won C, Kwon C, Park K, Seo J, Lee T. Electronic Drugs: Spatial and Temporal Medical Treatment of Human Diseases. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2005930. [PMID: 33938022 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202005930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in diagnostics and medicines emphasize the spatial and temporal aspects of monitoring and treating diseases. However, conventional therapeutics, including oral administration and injection, have difficulties meeting these aspects due to physiological and technological limitations, such as long-term implantation and a narrow therapeutic window. As an innovative approach to overcome these limitations, electronic devices known as electronic drugs (e-drugs) have been developed to monitor real-time body signals and deliver specific treatments to targeted tissues or organs. For example, ingestible and patch-type e-drugs could detect changes in biomarkers at the target sites, including the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and the skin, and deliver therapeutics to enhance healing in a spatiotemporal manner. However, medical treatments often require invasive surgical procedures and implantation of medical equipment for either short or long-term use. Therefore, approaches that could minimize implantation-associated side effects, such as inflammation and scar tissue formation, while maintaining high functionality of e-drugs, are highly needed. Herein, the importance of the spatial and temporal aspects of medical treatment is thoroughly reviewed along with how e-drugs use cutting-edge technological innovations to deal with unresolved medical challenges. Furthermore, diverse uses of e-drugs in clinical applications and the future perspectives of e-drugs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chihyeong Won
- Nanobio Device Laboratory, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Chaebeen Kwon
- Nanobio Device Laboratory, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Kijun Park
- Biological Interfaces and Sensor Systems Laboratory, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungmok Seo
- Biological Interfaces and Sensor Systems Laboratory, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeyoon Lee
- Nanobio Device Laboratory, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Center for BioMicrosystems, Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 5, Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea
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31
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Fang Y, Yang X, Lin Y, Shi J, Prominski A, Clayton C, Ostroff E, Tian B. Dissecting Biological and Synthetic Soft-Hard Interfaces for Tissue-Like Systems. Chem Rev 2021; 122:5233-5276. [PMID: 34677943 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Soft and hard materials at interfaces exhibit mismatched behaviors, such as mismatched chemical or biochemical reactivity, mechanical response, and environmental adaptability. Leveraging or mitigating these differences can yield interfacial processes difficult to achieve, or inapplicable, in pure soft or pure hard phases. Exploration of interfacial mismatches and their associated (bio)chemical, mechanical, or other physical processes may yield numerous opportunities in both fundamental studies and applications, in a manner similar to that of semiconductor heterojunctions and their contribution to solid-state physics and the semiconductor industry over the past few decades. In this review, we explore the fundamental chemical roles and principles involved in designing these interfaces, such as the (bio)chemical evolution of adaptive or buffer zones. We discuss the spectroscopic, microscopic, (bio)chemical, and computational tools required to uncover the chemical processes in these confined or hidden soft-hard interfaces. We propose a soft-hard interaction framework and use it to discuss soft-hard interfacial processes in multiple systems and across several spatiotemporal scales, focusing on tissue-like materials and devices. We end this review by proposing several new scientific and engineering approaches to leveraging the soft-hard interfacial processes involved in biointerfacing composites and exploring new applications for these composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Fang
- The James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Xiao Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Yiliang Lin
- The James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States.,The Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Jiuyun Shi
- The James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States.,The Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Aleksander Prominski
- The James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States.,The Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Clementene Clayton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Ellie Ostroff
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Bozhi Tian
- The James Franck Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States.,The Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
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32
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Liu Z, Wan X, Wang ZL, Li L. Electroactive Biomaterials and Systems for Cell Fate Determination and Tissue Regeneration: Design and Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2007429. [PMID: 34117803 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202007429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
During natural tissue regeneration, tissue microenvironment and stem cell niche including cell-cell interaction, soluble factors, and extracellular matrix (ECM) provide a train of biochemical and biophysical cues for modulation of cell behaviors and tissue functions. Design of functional biomaterials to mimic the tissue/cell microenvironment have great potentials for tissue regeneration applications. Recently, electroactive biomaterials have drawn increasing attentions not only as scaffolds for cell adhesion and structural support, but also as modulators to regulate cell/tissue behaviors and function, especially for electrically excitable cells and tissues. More importantly, electrostimulation can further modulate a myriad of biological processes, from cell cycle, migration, proliferation and differentiation to neural conduction, muscle contraction, embryogenesis, and tissue regeneration. In this review, endogenous bioelectricity and piezoelectricity are introduced. Then, design rationale of electroactive biomaterials is discussed for imitating dynamic cell microenvironment, as well as their mediated electrostimulation and the applying pathways. Recent advances in electroactive biomaterials are systematically overviewed for modulation of stem cell fate and tissue regeneration, mainly including nerve regeneration, bone tissue engineering, and cardiac tissue engineering. Finally, the significance for simulating the native tissue microenvironment is emphasized and the open challenges and future perspectives of electroactive biomaterials are concluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhirong Liu
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xingyi Wan
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zhong Lin Wang
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0245, USA
| | - Linlin Li
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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33
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Luo R, Dai J, Zhang J, Li Z. Accelerated Skin Wound Healing by Electrical Stimulation. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2100557. [PMID: 33945225 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
When the integrity of the skin got damaged, an endogenous electric field will be generated in the wound and a series of physiological reactions will be initiated to close the wound. The existence of the endogenous electric field of the wound has a promoting effect on all stages of wound healing. For wounds that cannot heal on their own, the exogenous electric field can assist the treatment. In this review, the effects of exogenous electrical stimulation on wound healing, such as the inflammation phase, blood flow, cell proliferation and migration, and the wound scarring is overviewed. This article also reviews the new electrical stimulation methods that have emerged in recent years, such as small power supplies, nanogenerators (NGs), and other physical, chemical or biological strategies. These new electrical stimulation methods and devices are safe, low-cost, stable, and small in size. The challenge and perspective are discussed for the future trends of the electrical stimulation treatment in accelerating skin wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruizeng Luo
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Center of Nanoenergy Research Guangxi University Nanning 530004 China
| | - Jieyu Dai
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Center of Nanoenergy Research Guangxi University Nanning 530004 China
| | - Jiaping Zhang
- Department of Plastic Surgery State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury Southwest Hospital Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University) Chongqing 400038 China
| | - Zhou Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Center of Nanoenergy Research Guangxi University Nanning 530004 China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro–Nano Energy and Sensor Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100083 China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
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34
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Zheng M, Wang X, Yue O, Hou M, Zhang H, Beyer S, Blocki AM, Wang Q, Gong G, Liu X, Guo J. Skin-inspired gelatin-based flexible bio-electronic hydrogel for wound healing promotion and motion sensing. Biomaterials 2021; 276:121026. [PMID: 34298443 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Next generation tissue-engineered skin scaffolds promise to provide sensory restoration through electrical stimulation in addition to effectively rebuilding and repairing skin. The integration of real-time monitoring of the injury motion activities can fundamentally improve the therapeutic efficacy by providing detailed data to guide the clinical practice. Herein, a mechanically-flexible, electroactive, and self-healable hydrogels (MESGel) was engineered for the combinational function of electrically-stimulated accelerated wound healing and motion sensing. MESGel shows outstanding biocompatibility and multifunctional therapeutic properties including flexibility, self-healing characteristics, biodegradability, and bioelectroactivity. Moreover, MESGel shows its potential of being a novel flexible electronic skin sensor to record the injury motion activities. Comprehensive in vitro and in vivo experiments prove that MESGel can facilitate effective electrical stimulation, actively promoting proliferation in Chinese hamster lung epithelial cells and therefore can accelerate favorable epithelial biology during skin wound healing, demonstrating an effective therapeutic strategy for a full-thickness skin defect model and leading to new-type flexible bioelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manhui Zheng
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Institute of Biomass & Functional Materials, Shaanxi University of Science &Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Xuechuan Wang
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Institute of Biomass & Functional Materials, Shaanxi University of Science &Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China.
| | - Ouyang Yue
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Institute of Biomass & Functional Materials, Shaanxi University of Science &Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Mengdi Hou
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Institute of Biomass & Functional Materials, Shaanxi University of Science &Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Huijie Zhang
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Institute of Biomass & Functional Materials, Shaanxi University of Science &Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China
| | - Sebastian Beyer
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine & Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Anna Maria Blocki
- Institute for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine & Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Qin Wang
- BMI Center for Biomass Materials and Nanointerfaces, School of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China; School of Pharmacy, Southwest University for Nationalities, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610051, China
| | - Guidong Gong
- BMI Center for Biomass Materials and Nanointerfaces, School of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China
| | - Xinhua Liu
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Institute of Biomass & Functional Materials, Shaanxi University of Science &Technology, Xi'an, 710021, China.
| | - Junling Guo
- BMI Center for Biomass Materials and Nanointerfaces, School of Biomass Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China; John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Boston, MA, 02115, United States; State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610065, China.
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35
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Quantifying the impact of electric fields on single-cell motility. Biophys J 2021; 120:3363-3373. [PMID: 34242588 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2021.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell motility in response to environmental cues forms the basis of many developmental processes in multicellular organisms. One such environmental cue is an electric field (EF), which induces a form of motility known as electrotaxis. Electrotaxis has evolved in a number of cell types to guide wound healing and has been associated with different cellular processes, suggesting that observed electrotactic behavior is likely a combination of multiple distinct effects arising from the presence of an EF. To determine the different mechanisms by which observed electrotactic behavior emerges, and thus to design EFs that can be applied to direct and control electrotaxis, researchers require accurate quantitative predictions of cellular responses to externally applied fields. Here, we use mathematical modeling to formulate and parameterize a variety of hypothetical descriptions of how cell motility may change in response to an EF. We calibrate our model to observed data using synthetic likelihoods and Bayesian sequential learning techniques and demonstrate that EFs bias cellular motility through only one of a selection of hypothetical mechanisms. We also demonstrate how the model allows us to make predictions about cellular motility under different EFs. The resulting model and calibration methodology will thus form the basis for future data-driven and model-based feedback control strategies based on electric actuation.
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36
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Kim TH, Jeon WY, Ji Y, Park EJ, Yoon DS, Lee NH, Park SM, Mandakhbayar N, Lee JH, Lee HH, Kim HW. Electricity auto-generating skin patch promotes wound healing process by activation of mechanosensitive ion channels. Biomaterials 2021; 275:120948. [PMID: 34157562 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.120948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Electricity constitutes a natural biophysical component that preserves tissue homeostasis and modulates many biological processes, including the repair of damaged tissues. Wound healing involves intricate cellular events, such as inflammation, angiogenesis, matrix synthesis, and epithelialization whereby multiple cell types sense the environmental cues to rebuild the structure and functions. Here, we report that electricity auto-generating glucose-responsive enzymatic-biofuel-cell (EBC) skin patch stimulates the wound healing process. Rat wounded-skin model and in vitro cell cultures showed that EBC accelerated wound healing by modulating inflammation while stimulating angiogenesis, fibroblast fuctionality and matrix synthesis. Of note, EBC-activated cellular bahaviors were linked to the signalings involved with calcium influx, which predominantly dependent on the mechanosensitive ion channels, primarily Piezo1. Inhibition of Piezo1-receptor impaired the EBC-induced key functions of both fibroblasts and endothelial cells in the wound healing. This study highlights the significant roles of electricity played in wound healing through activated mechanosensitive ion channels and the calcium influx, and suggests the possibility of the electricity auto-generating EBC-based skin patch for use as a wound healing device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Hyun Kim
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Yong Jeon
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea; School of Chemical Engineering, Biomedical Institute for Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunseong Ji
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ju Park
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea; Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), A*STAR, 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, 138634, Singapore
| | - Dong Suk Yoon
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Na-Hyun Lee
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea; Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea; Department of Regenerative Dental Medicine, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Min Park
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea; Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Nandin Mandakhbayar
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea; Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hwan Lee
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea; Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea; Department of Regenerative Dental Medicine, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea; Cell & Matter Institute, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea; Mechanobiology Dental Medicine Research Center, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea; UCL Eastman-Korea Dental Medicine Innovation Centre, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hae-Hyoung Lee
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea; Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea; UCL Eastman-Korea Dental Medicine Innovation Centre, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Won Kim
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN), Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea; Department of Nanobiomedical Science and BK21 NBM Global Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomaterials Science, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea; Department of Regenerative Dental Medicine, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea; Cell & Matter Institute, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea; Mechanobiology Dental Medicine Research Center, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea; UCL Eastman-Korea Dental Medicine Innovation Centre, Dankook University, Cheonan, 31116, Republic of Korea.
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Korupalli C, Li H, Nguyen N, Mi F, Chang Y, Lin Y, Sung H. Conductive Materials for Healing Wounds: Their Incorporation in Electroactive Wound Dressings, Characterization, and Perspectives. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2001384. [PMID: 33274846 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202001384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The use of conductive materials to promote the activity of electrically responsive cells is an effective means of accelerating wound healing. This article focuses on recent advancements in conductive materials, with emphasis on overviewing their incorporation with non-conducting polymers to fabricate electroactive wound dressings. The characteristics of these electroactive dressings are deliberated, and the mechanisms on how they accelerate the wound healing process are discussed. Potential directions for the future development of electroactive wound dressings and their potential in monitoring the course of wound healing in vivo concomitantly are also proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiranjeevi Korupalli
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu Taiwan 300 ROC
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu Taiwan 300 ROC
| | - Nhien Nguyen
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu Taiwan 300 ROC
| | - Fwu‐Long Mi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology School of Medicine College of Medicine Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan 110 ROC
| | - Yen Chang
- Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation and School of Medicine Tzu Chi University Hualien Taiwan 970 ROC
| | - Yu‐Jung Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu Taiwan 300 ROC
- Research Center for Applied Sciences Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan 11529 ROC
| | - Hsing‐Wen Sung
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters National Tsing Hua University Hsinchu Taiwan 300 ROC
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Transdermal electroosmotic flow generated by a porous microneedle array patch. Nat Commun 2021; 12:658. [PMID: 33510169 PMCID: PMC7843990 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-20948-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
A microneedle array is an attractive option for a minimally invasive means to break through the skin barrier for efficient transdermal drug delivery. Here, we report the applications of solid polymer-based ion-conductive porous microneedles (PMN) containing interconnected micropores for improving iontophoresis, which is a technique of enhancing transdermal molecular transport by a direct current through the skin. The PMN modified with a charged hydrogel brings three innovative advantages in iontophoresis at once: (1) lowering the transdermal resistance by low-invasive puncture of the highly resistive stratum corneum, (2) transporting of larger molecules through the interconnected micropores, and (3) generating electroosmotic flow (EOF). In particular, the PMN-generated EOF greatly enhances the transdermal molecular penetration or extraction, similarly to the flow induced by external pressure. The enhanced efficiencies of the EOF-assisted delivery of a model drug (dextran) and of the extraction of glucose are demonstrated using a pig skin sample. Furthermore, the powering of the PMN-based transdermal EOF system by a built-in enzymatic biobattery (fructose / O2 battery) is also demonstrated as a possible totally organic iontophoresis patch.
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39
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Xu X, Zhang H, Yan Y, Wang J, Guo L. Effects of electrical stimulation on skin surface. ACTA MECHANICA SINICA = LI XUE XUE BAO 2021; 37:1843-1871. [PMID: 33584001 PMCID: PMC7866966 DOI: 10.1007/s10409-020-01026-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Skin is the largest organ in the body, and directly contact with the external environment. Articles on the role of micro-current and skin have emerged in recent years. The function of micro-current is various, including introducing various drugs into the skin locally or throughout the body, stimulating skin wounds healing through various currents, suppressing pain caused by various diseases, and promoting blood circulation for postoperative muscle rehabilitation, etc. This article reviews these efforts. Compared with various physical and chemical medical therapies, micro-current stimulation provides a relatively safe, non-invasive therapy with few side effects, giving modern medicine a more suitable treatment option. At the same time, the cost of the electrical stimulation generating device is relatively low, which makes it have wider space to and more clinical application value. The current micro-current stimulation technology has become more and more mature, but there are still many problems in its research. The design of the experiment and the selection of the current parameters not standardized and rigorous. Now, clear regulations are needed to regulate this field. Micro-current skin therapy has become a robust, reliable, and well-structured system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinkai Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 China
- School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Han Zhang
- School of Engineering Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
- Key Laboratory of Noise and Vibration, Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 China
- State Key Laboratory of Acoustics, Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 China
| | - Yan Yan
- Cosmetic Technology Center, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, 100176 China
| | - Jianru Wang
- Xi’an Aerospace Propulsion Institute, Xi’an, 710100 China
| | - Liang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190 China
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Karahan HE, Ji M, Pinilla JL, Han X, Mohamed A, Wang L, Wang Y, Zhai S, Montoya A, Beyenal H, Chen Y. Biomass-derived nanocarbon materials for biological applications: challenges and prospects. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:9668-9678. [PMID: 33000843 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb01027h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Biomass-derived nanocarbons (BNCs) have attracted significant research interests due to their promising economic and environmental benefits. Following their extensive uses in physical and chemical research domains, BNCs are now growing in biological applications. However, their practical biological applications are still in their infancy, requiring critical evaluations and strategic directions, which are provided in this review. The carbonization of biomass sources and major types of BNCs are introduced, encompassing carbon nanodots, nanofibres, nanotubes, and graphenes. Next, essential biological uses of BNCs, antibacterial/antibiofilm materials (nanofibres and nanodots) and bioimaging agents (predominantly nanodots), are summarized. Furthermore, the future potential of BNCs, for designing wound dressing/healing materials, water and air disinfection platforms, and microbial electrochemical systems, is discussed. We reach the conclusion that a crucial challenge is the structural control of BNCs. Furthermore, a key knowledge gap for realizing practical biological applications is the lack of systematic comparisons of BNCs with nanocarbons of synthetic origin in the current literature. Although we did not attempt to perform an exhaustive literature survey, the evaluation of the existing results indicates that BNCs are promising as easily accessible materials for various biomedically and environmentally relevant applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Enis Karahan
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637459, Singapore.
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Hayes AJ, Melrose J. Electro‐Stimulation, a Promising Therapeutic Treatment Modality for Tissue Repair: Emerging Roles of Sulfated Glycosaminoglycans as Electro‐Regulatory Mediators of Intrinsic Repair Processes. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202000151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J. Hayes
- Bioimaging Research Hub Cardiff School of Biosciences Cardiff University Cardiff Wales CF10 3AX UK
| | - James Melrose
- Raymond Purves Bone and Joint Research Laboratory Kolling Institute Northern Sydney Local Health District Faculty of Medicine and Health University of Sydney Royal North Shore Hospital St. Leonards NSW 2065 Australia
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2052 Australia
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Ferrigno B, Bordett R, Duraisamy N, Moskow J, Arul MR, Rudraiah S, Nukavarapu SP, Vella AT, Kumbar SG. Bioactive polymeric materials and electrical stimulation strategies for musculoskeletal tissue repair and regeneration. Bioact Mater 2020; 5:468-485. [PMID: 32280836 PMCID: PMC7139146 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2020.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrical stimulation (ES) is predominantly used as a physical therapy modality to promote tissue healing and functional recovery. Research efforts in both laboratory and clinical settings have shown the beneficial effects of this technique for the repair and regeneration of damaged tissues, which include muscle, bone, skin, nerve, tendons, and ligaments. The collective findings of these studies suggest ES enhances cell proliferation, extracellular matrix (ECM) production, secretion of several cytokines, and vasculature development leading to better tissue regeneration in multiple tissues. However, there is still a gap in the clinical relevance for ES to better repair tissue interfaces, as ES applied clinically is ineffective on deeper tissue. The use of a conducting material can transmit the stimulation applied from skin electrodes to the desired tissue and lead to an increased function on the repair of that tissue. Ionically conductive (IC) polymeric scaffolds in conjunction with ES may provide solutions to utilize this approach effectively. Injectable IC formulations and their scaffolds may provide solutions for applying ES into difficult to reach tissue types to enable tissue repair and regeneration. A better understanding of ES-mediated cell differentiation and associated molecular mechanisms including the immune response will allow standardization of procedures applicable for the next generation of regenerative medicine. ES, along with the use of IC scaffolds is more than sufficient for use as a treatment option for single tissue healing and may fulfill a role in interfacing multiple tissue types during the repair process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Ferrigno
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Rosalie Bordett
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Nithyadevi Duraisamy
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Joshua Moskow
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Michael R. Arul
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Swetha Rudraiah
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Saint Joseph, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - Syam P. Nukavarapu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Anthony T. Vella
- Department of Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Sangamesh G. Kumbar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA
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43
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Ershad F, Thukral A, Yue J, Comeaux P, Lu Y, Shim H, Sim K, Kim NI, Rao Z, Guevara R, Contreras L, Pan F, Zhang Y, Guan YS, Yang P, Wang X, Wang P, Wu X, Yu C. Ultra-conformal drawn-on-skin electronics for multifunctional motion artifact-free sensing and point-of-care treatment. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3823. [PMID: 32732934 PMCID: PMC7393123 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17619-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
An accurate extraction of physiological and physical signals from human skin is crucial for health monitoring, disease prevention, and treatment. Recent advances in wearable bioelectronics directly embedded to the epidermal surface are a promising solution for future epidermal sensing. However, the existing wearable bioelectronics are susceptible to motion artifacts as they lack proper adhesion and conformal interfacing with the skin during motion. Here, we present ultra-conformal, customizable, and deformable drawn-on-skin electronics, which is robust to motion due to strong adhesion and ultra-conformality of the electronic inks drawn directly on skin. Electronic inks, including conductors, semiconductors, and dielectrics, are drawn on-demand in a freeform manner to develop devices, such as transistors, strain sensors, temperature sensors, heaters, skin hydration sensors, and electrophysiological sensors. Electrophysiological signal monitoring during motion shows drawn-on-skin electronics' immunity to motion artifacts. Additionally, electrical stimulation based on drawn-on-skin electronics demonstrates accelerated healing of skin wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faheem Ershad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Anish Thukral
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Jiping Yue
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Phillip Comeaux
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Yuntao Lu
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Hyunseok Shim
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Kyoseung Sim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-In Kim
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Zhoulyu Rao
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Ross Guevara
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Luis Contreras
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Fengjiao Pan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Yongcao Zhang
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Ying-Shi Guan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Pinyi Yang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Xu Wang
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Xiaoyang Wu
- Ben May Department for Cancer Research, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Cunjiang Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA.
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA.
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA.
- Texas Center for Superconductivity, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA.
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Liang Y, Chen B, Li M, He J, Yin Z, Guo B. Injectable Antimicrobial Conductive Hydrogels for Wound Disinfection and Infectious Wound Healing. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:1841-1852. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b01732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongping Liang
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, and State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049, China
| | - Baojun Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710061 China
| | - Meng Li
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, and State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049, China
| | - Jiahui He
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, and State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049, China
| | - Zhanhai Yin
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710061 China
| | - Baolin Guo
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, and State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, 710049, China
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
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45
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Jia M, Rolandi M. Soft and Ion-Conducting Materials in Bioelectronics: From Conducting Polymers to Hydrogels. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e1901372. [PMID: 31976634 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201901372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Bioelectronics devices that directly interface with cells and tissue have applications in neural and cardiac stimulation and recording, electroceuticals, and brain machine interfaces for prostheses. The interface between bioelectronic devices and biological tissue is inherently challenging due to the mismatch in both mechanical properties (hard vs soft) and charge carriers (electrons vs ions). In addition to conventional metals and silicon, new materials have bridged this interface, including conducting polymers, carbon-based nanomaterials, as well as ion-conducting polymers and hydrogels. This review provides an update on advances in soft bioelectronic materials for current and future therapeutic applications. Specifically, this review focuses on soft materials that can conduct both electrons and ions, and also deliver drugs and small molecules. The future opportunities and emerging challenges in the field are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manping Jia
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California Santa Cruz CA 94064 USA
| | - Marco Rolandi
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of California Santa Cruz CA 94064 USA
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46
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Ino K, Ozawa F, Dang N, Hiramoto K, Hino S, Akasaka R, Nashimoto Y, Shiku H. Biofabrication Using Electrochemical Devices and Systems. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 4:e1900234. [DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201900234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2019] [Revised: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Ino
- Graduate School of Engineering Tohoku University 6‐6‐11 Aramaki‐aza Aoba Aoba‐ku Sendai 980–8579 Japan
| | - Fumisato Ozawa
- Institute of Industrial Science The University of Tokyo 4‐6‐1 Komaba Meguro‐ku Tokyo 153–8505 Japan
| | - Ning Dang
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique et Microbiologie pour les Matériaux et l'Environnement CNRS‐Université de Lorraine Villers‐lès‐Nancy 54600 France
| | - Kaoru Hiramoto
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies Tohoku University 6‐6‐11 Aramaki‐aza Aoba Aoba‐ku Sendai 980–8579 Japan
| | - Shodai Hino
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies Tohoku University 6‐6‐11 Aramaki‐aza Aoba Aoba‐ku Sendai 980–8579 Japan
| | - Rise Akasaka
- School of Engineering Tohoku University 6‐6‐11 Aramaki‐aza Aoba Aoba‐ku Sendai 980–8579 Japan
| | - Yuji Nashimoto
- Graduate School of Engineering Tohoku University 6‐6‐11 Aramaki‐aza Aoba Aoba‐ku Sendai 980–8579 Japan
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences Tohoku University 6‐3 Aramaki‐aza Aoba Aoba‐ku Sendai 980–8578 Japan
| | - Hitoshi Shiku
- Graduate School of Engineering Tohoku University 6‐6‐11 Aramaki‐aza Aoba Aoba‐ku Sendai 980–8579 Japan
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Liu S, Li J, Zhang S, Zhang X, Ma J, Wang N, Wang S, Wang B, Chen S. Template-Assisted Magnetron Sputtering of Cotton Nonwovens for Wound Healing Application. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2019; 3:848-858. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b00942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shangpeng Liu
- Industrial Research Institute of Nonwovens and Technical Textiles, College of Textiles and Clothing, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, P. R. China
| | - Jiwei Li
- Industrial Research Institute of Nonwovens and Technical Textiles, College of Textiles and Clothing, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, P. R. China
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, P. R. China
| | - Shaohua Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, P. R. China
| | - Xiying Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250033, P. R. China
| | - Jianwei Ma
- Industrial Research Institute of Nonwovens and Technical Textiles, College of Textiles and Clothing, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, P. R. China
| | - Na Wang
- Industrial Research Institute of Nonwovens and Technical Textiles, College of Textiles and Clothing, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, P. R. China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, P. R. China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, P. R. China
| | - Shaojuan Chen
- Industrial Research Institute of Nonwovens and Technical Textiles, College of Textiles and Clothing, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, P. R. China
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48
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Performance of a glucose-reactive enzyme-based biofuel cell system for biomedical applications. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10872. [PMID: 31350441 PMCID: PMC6659637 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47392-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A glucose-reactive enzyme-based biofuel cell system (EBFC) was recently introduced in the scientific community for biomedical applications, such as implantable artificial organs and biosensors for drug delivery. Upon direct contact with tissues or organs, an implanted EBFC can exert effects that damage or stimulate intact tissue due to its byproducts or generated electrical cues, which have not been investigated in detail. Here, we perform a fundamental cell culture study using a glucose dehydrogenase (GDH) as an anode enzyme and bilirubin oxidase (BOD) as a cathode enzyme. The fabricated EBFC had power densities of 15.26 to 38.33 nW/cm2 depending on the enzyme concentration in media supplemented with 25 mM glucose. Despite the low power density, the GDH-based EBFC showed increases in cell viability (~150%) and cell migration (~90%) with a relatively low inflammatory response. However, glucose oxidase (GOD), which has been used as an EBFC anode enzyme, revealed extreme cytotoxicity (~10%) due to the lethal concentration of H2O2 byproducts (~1500 µM). Therefore, with its cytocompatibility and cell-stimulating effects, the GDH-based EBFC is considered a promising implantable tool for generating electricity for biomedical applications. Finally, the GDH-based EBFC can be used for introducing electricity during cell culture and the fabrication of organs on a chip and a power source for implantable devices such as biosensors, biopatches, and artificial organs.
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49
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Evaluation of an Electro-Pneumatic Device for Artificial Capillary Pulse Generation used in a Prospective Study in Animals for Surgical Neck Wound Healing. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9837. [PMID: 31285533 PMCID: PMC6614409 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46397-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The paper examines the development and testing of an electro-pneumatic device for wound healing therapy after surgery in the neck area. The device generates air pressure values in a miniaturized cuff using electronic circuitry to drive an electro-valve and air compressor. The device works in two distinct modes: continuous pressure mode and pulsating pressure mode. The pressure value setting can vary from 3 to 11 mmHg, and the pulsating pressure mode’s operating frequency range is approximately 0.1 to 0.3 Hz. Laboratory measurements were conducted to evaluate the device’s correct functioning in both continuous and pulsating pressure modes. A four-day prospective study with animals (n = 10) was also conducted to evaluate neck wound healing therapy using the electro-pneumatic device. Out of the twelve histological parameters analysed to reveal the differences between the experimental and control wounds, only one demonstrated a significant difference. Out of the ten animals treated with the device, three showed a significant difference in terms of benefit after therapy. We can therefore conclude that the device potentially improves the wound healing process in the neck area if the pre-set air pressure value does not exceed 8 mmHg.
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50
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Xiao X, Xia HQ, Wu R, Bai L, Yan L, Magner E, Cosnier S, Lojou E, Zhu Z, Liu A. Tackling the Challenges of Enzymatic (Bio)Fuel Cells. Chem Rev 2019; 119:9509-9558. [PMID: 31243999 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The ever-increasing demands for clean and sustainable energy sources combined with rapid advances in biointegrated portable or implantable electronic devices have stimulated intensive research activities in enzymatic (bio)fuel cells (EFCs). The use of renewable biocatalysts, the utilization of abundant green, safe, and high energy density fuels, together with the capability of working at modest and biocompatible conditions make EFCs promising as next generation alternative power sources. However, the main challenges (low energy density, relatively low power density, poor operational stability, and limited voltage output) hinder future applications of EFCs. This review aims at exploring the underlying mechanism of EFCs and providing possible practical strategies, methodologies and insights to tackle these issues. First, this review summarizes approaches in achieving high energy densities in EFCs, particularly, employing enzyme cascades for the deep/complete oxidation of fuels. Second, strategies for increasing power densities in EFCs, including increasing enzyme activities, facilitating electron transfers, employing nanomaterials, and designing more efficient enzyme-electrode interfaces, are described. The potential of EFCs/(super)capacitor combination is discussed. Third, the review evaluates a range of strategies for improving the stability of EFCs, including the use of different enzyme immobilization approaches, tuning enzyme properties, designing protective matrixes, and using microbial surface displaying enzymes. Fourth, approaches for the improvement of the cell voltage of EFCs are highlighted. Finally, future developments and a prospective on EFCs are envisioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Xiao
- Institute for Biosensing, and College of Life Sciences , Qingdao University , 308 Ningxia Road , Qingdao 266071 , China.,Department of Chemical Sciences and Bernal Institute , University of Limerick , Limerick V94 T9PX , Ireland
| | - Hong-Qi Xia
- Institute for Biosensing, and College of Life Sciences , Qingdao University , 308 Ningxia Road , Qingdao 266071 , China
| | - Ranran Wu
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 32 West seventh Road, Tianjin Airport Economic Area , Tianjin 300308 , China
| | - Lu Bai
- Institute for Biosensing, and College of Life Sciences , Qingdao University , 308 Ningxia Road , Qingdao 266071 , China
| | - Lu Yan
- Institute for Biosensing, and College of Life Sciences , Qingdao University , 308 Ningxia Road , Qingdao 266071 , China
| | - Edmond Magner
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Bernal Institute , University of Limerick , Limerick V94 T9PX , Ireland
| | - Serge Cosnier
- Université Grenoble-Alpes , DCM UMR 5250, F-38000 Grenoble , France.,Département de Chimie Moléculaire , UMR CNRS, DCM UMR 5250, F-38000 Grenoble , France
| | - Elisabeth Lojou
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, BIP, Bioénergétique et Ingénierie des Protéines UMR7281 , Institut de Microbiologie de la Méditerranée, IMM , FR 3479, 31, chemin Joseph Aiguier 13402 Marseille , Cedex 20 , France
| | - Zhiguang Zhu
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 32 West seventh Road, Tianjin Airport Economic Area , Tianjin 300308 , China
| | - Aihua Liu
- Institute for Biosensing, and College of Life Sciences , Qingdao University , 308 Ningxia Road , Qingdao 266071 , China.,College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering , Qingdao University , 308 Ningxia Road , Qingdao 266071 , China.,School of Pharmacy, Medical College , Qingdao University , Qingdao 266021 , China
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