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Just D, Wasiak T, Dzienia A, Milowska KZ, Mielańczyk A, Janas D. Explicating conjugated polymer extraction used for the differentiation of single-walled carbon nanotubes. NANOSCALE HORIZONS 2024. [PMID: 39328171 DOI: 10.1039/d4nh00427b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/28/2024]
Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are synthesized as mixtures of various SWCNT types, exhibiting drastically different properties, and thereby making the material of limited use. Fluorene-based polymers are successful agents for purifying such blends by means of conjugated polymer extraction (CPE), greatly increasing their application potential. However, a limited number of studies have devoted attention to understanding the effects of the polyfluorene backbone and side chain structure on the selectivity and separation efficiency of SWCNTs. Regarding the impact of the polymer backbone, it was noted that the ability to extract SWCNTs with conjugated polymers could be significantly enhanced by using fluorene-based copolymers that exhibit dramatically different interactions with SWCNTs depending on the types of monomers combined. However, the role of monomer side chains remains much less explored, and the knowledge generated so far is fragmentary. Herein, we present a new approach to tailor polymer selectivity by creating copolymers of polyfluorene bearing mixed-length alkyl chains. Their thorough and systematic analysis by experiments and modeling revealed considerable insight into the impact of the attached functional groups on the capacity of conjugated polymers for the purification of SWCNTs. Interestingly, the obtained results contradict the generally accepted conclusion that polyfluorene-based polymers and copolymers with longer chains always prefer SWCNTs of larger diameters. Besides that, we report that the capacity of such polymers for sorting SWCNTs may be substantially enhanced using specific low molecular weight compounds. The carried-out research provides considerable insight into the behavior of polymers and carbon-based materials at the nanoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Just
- Department of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 4, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland.
| | - Tomasz Wasiak
- Department of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 4, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland.
| | - Andrzej Dzienia
- Department of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 4, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland.
| | - Karolina Z Milowska
- CIC nanoGUNE, Donostia-San Sebastián 20018, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao 48013, Spain
| | - Anna Mielańczyk
- Department of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 4, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland.
| | - Dawid Janas
- Department of Chemistry, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 4, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland.
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2
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Ranne M, Ourabi M, Lessard BH, Adronov A. CO 2 Responsive Thin-Film Transistors Using Conjugated Polymer Complexes with Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:46600-46608. [PMID: 39185575 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c08528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
Introduction of amidine groups within the side chains of a conjugated polyfluorene was carried out using copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition. The resulting polymer was shown to form strong supramolecular interactions with the sidewalls of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs), forming polymer-nanotube complexes that exhibited solubility in various organic solvents. It was shown that the polymer-SWNT complexes were responsive to CO2, where the amidine groups formed amidinium bicarbonate salts upon CO2 exposure, causing the polymer-SWNT complexes to precipitate. This reaction could be reversed by bubbling N2 through the solution, which caused the polymer-SWNT complexes to redissolve. Incorporation of the polymer-SWNT complexes within thin-film transistor (TFT) devices as the active layer resulted in a CO2-responsive TFT sensor. It was found that the sensory device underwent a reversible shift in its threshold voltage from 5 to -1 V as well as a 1 order of magnitude decrease in its on-current upon exposure to CO2. This work shows that conjugated polymer-wrapped SWNTs having sensory elements within the polymer side chain can be used as the active layer within functional SWNT-based TFT sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mokhamed Ranne
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and the Brockhouse Institute for Materials Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - May Ourabi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Benoît H Lessard
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Alex Adronov
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology and the Brockhouse Institute for Materials Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
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3
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Chen CC, Su SW, Tung YH, Wang PY, Yu SS, Chiu CC, Shih CC, Lin YC. High-Performance Semiconducting Carbon Nanotube Transistors Using Naphthalene Diimide-Based Polymers with Biaxially Extended Conjugated Side Chains. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:45275-45288. [PMID: 39137092 PMCID: PMC11367582 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c08981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Polymer-wrapped single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) are a potential method for obtaining high-purity semiconducting (sc) SWNT solutions. Conjugated polymers (CPs) can selectively sort sc-SWNTs with different chiralities, and the structure of the polymer side chains influences this sorting capability. While extensive research has been conducted on modifying the physical, optical, and electrical properties of CPs through side-chain modifications, the impact of these modifications on the sorting efficiency of sc-SWNTs remains underexplored. This study investigates the introduction of various conjugated side chains into naphthalene diimide-based CPs to create a biaxially extended conjugation pattern. The CP with a branched conjugated side chain (P3) exhibits reduced aggregation, resulting in improved wrapping ability and the formation of larger bundles of high-purity sc-SWNTs. Grazing incidence X-ray diffraction analysis confirms that the potential interaction between sc-SWNTs and CPs occurs through π-π stacking. The field-effect transistor device fabricated with P3/sc-SWNTs demonstrates exceptional performance, with a significantly enhanced hole mobility of 4.72 cm2 V-1 s-1 and high endurance/bias stability. These findings suggest that biaxially extended side-chain modification is a promising strategy for improving the sorting efficiency and performance of sc-SWNTs by using CPs. This achievement can facilitate the development of more efficient and stable electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Chi Chen
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng
Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Shang-Wen Su
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng
Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsuan Tung
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng
Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yuan Wang
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng
Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Sheng Yu
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng
Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Cheng Chiu
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng
Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chung Shih
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Materials Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Douliou, Yunlin 64002, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Cheng Lin
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng
Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
- Advanced
Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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4
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Su EJ, Chang TW, Lin FY, Lu ST, Tsai YT, Khan S, Weng YC, Shih CC. Efficient Sorting of Semiconducting Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes in Bio-Renewable Solvents Through Main-Chain Engineering of Conjugated Polymers. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2403651. [PMID: 38934537 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202403651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Conjugated polymer sorting is recognized as an efficient and scalable method for the selective extraction of semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (s-SWCNTs). However, this process typically requires the use of nonpolar and aromatic solvents as the dispersion medium, which are petroleum-based and carry significant production hazards. Moreover, there is still potential for improving the efficiency of batch purification. Here, this study presents fluorene-based conjugated polymer that integrates diamines containing ethylene glycol chains (ODA) as linkers within the main chain, to effectively extract s-SWCNTs in bio-renewable solvents. The introduction of ODA segments enhances the solubility in bio-renewable solvents, facilitating effective wrapping of s-SWCNTs in polar environments. Additionally, the ODA within the main chain enhances affinity to s-SWCNTs, thereby contributing to increased yields and purity. The polymer achieves a high sorting yield of 55% and a purity of 99.6% in dispersion of s-SWCNTs in 2-Methyltetrahydrofuran. Thin-film transistor arrays fabricated with sorted s-SWCNTs solution through slot-die coating exhibit average charge carrier mobilities of 20-23 cm2 V⁻¹ s⁻¹ and high on/off current ratios exceeding 105 together with high spatial uniformity. This study highlights the viability of bio-renewable solvents in the sorting process, paving the way for the eco-friendly approach to the purification of SWCNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- En-Jia Su
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Yunlin, 64002, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Wei Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Yunlin, 64002, Taiwan
| | - Fong-Yi Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Yunlin, 64002, Taiwan
| | - Shi-Ting Lu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Yunlin, 64002, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Tsai
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Yunlin, 64002, Taiwan
| | - Shahid Khan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Yunlin, 64002, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ching Weng
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Yunlin, 64002, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chung Shih
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Engineering, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Yunlin, 64002, Taiwan
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5
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Xie P, Sun Y, Chen C, Guo SY, Zhao Y, Jiao X, Hou PX, Liu C, Cheng HM. Enrichment of Large-Diameter Semiconducting Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes by Conjugated Polymer-Assisted Separation. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2001. [PMID: 37446517 DOI: 10.3390/nano13132001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (s-SWCNTs) with large diameters are highly desired in the construction of high performance optoelectronic devices. However, it is difficult to selectively prepare large-diameter s-SWCNTs since their structure and chemical stability are quite similar with their metallic counterparts. In this work, we use SWCNTs with large diameter as a raw material, conjugated polymer of regioregular poly-(3-dodecylthiophene) (rr-P3DDT) with long side chain as a wrapping agent to selectively separate large-diameter s-SWCNTs. It is found that s-SWCNTs with a diameter of ~1.9 nm are effectively enriched, which shows a clean surface. By using the sorted s-SWCNTs as a channel material, we constructed thin-film transistors showing charge-carrier mobilities higher than 10 cm2 V-1 s-1 and on/off ratios higher than 103.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piao Xie
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yun Sun
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Chao Chen
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Shu-Yu Guo
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Yiming Zhao
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xinyu Jiao
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Peng-Xiang Hou
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Hui-Ming Cheng
- Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering/Institute of Technology for Carbon Neutrality, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
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6
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Matsushita S, Otsuka K, Sugihara T, Zhu G, Kittipaisalsilpa K, Lee M, Xiang R, Chiashi S, Maruyama S. Horizontal Arrays of One-Dimensional van der Waals Heterostructures as Transistor Channels. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:10965-10973. [PMID: 36800512 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c22964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The nanotube/dielectric interface plays an essential role in achieving superb switching characteristics of carbon nanotube-based transistors for energy-efficient computation. Formation of van der Waals heterostructures with hexagonal boron nitride nanotubes could be an effective means to reduce interface state density, but the need for isolating nanotubes during the formation of coaxial outer layers has hindered the fabrication of their horizontal arrays. Here, we develop a strategy to create isolated heterostructure arrays using aligned carbon nanotubes grown on a quartz substrate as starting materials. Air-suspended arrays of carbon nanotubes are prepared by a dry transfer technique and then used as templates for the coaxial wrapping of boron nitride nanotubes. We then fabricate the transistors, where boron nitride serves as interfacial layers between carbon nanotube channels and conventional gate dielectrics, showing hysteresis-free characteristics owing to the improved interfaces. We have also gained a deeper understanding of the strain applied on inner carbon nanotubes, as well as the inhomogeneity of the outer coating, by characterizing individual heterostructures over trenches and on a substrate surface. The device fabrication and characterization presented here essentially do not require elaborate electron microscopy, thus paving the way for the practical use of one-dimensional van der Waals heterostructures for nanoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Matsushita
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Keigo Otsuka
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Taiki Sugihara
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Guangyao Zhu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | | | - Minhyeok Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Rong Xiang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Shohei Chiashi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Shigeo Maruyama
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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7
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Vobornik D, Chen M, Zou S, Lopinski GP. Measuring the Diameter of Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes Using AFM. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:477. [PMID: 36770438 PMCID: PMC9921789 DOI: 10.3390/nano13030477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we identify two issues that can significantly affect the accuracy of AFM measurements of the diameter of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and propose a protocol that reduces errors associated with these issues. Measurements of the nanotube height under different applied forces demonstrate that even moderate forces significantly compress several different types of SWCNTs, leading to errors in measured diameters that must be minimized and/or corrected. Substrate and nanotube roughness also make major contributions to the uncertainty associated with the extraction of diameters from measured images. An analysis method has been developed that reduces the uncertainties associated with this extraction to <0.1 nm. This method is then applied to measure the diameter distribution of individual highly semiconducting enriched nanotubes in networks prepared from polyfluorene/SWCNT dispersions. Good agreement is obtained between diameter distributions for the same sample measured with two different commercial AFM instruments, indicating the reproducibility of the method. The reduced uncertainty in diameter measurements based on this method facilitates: (1) determination of the thickness of the polymer layer wrapping the nanotubes and (2) measurement of nanotube compression at tube-tube junctions within the network.
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8
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Chen Y, Lyu M, Zhang Z, Yang F, Li Y. Controlled Preparation of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes as Materials for Electronics. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2022; 8:1490-1505. [PMID: 36439305 PMCID: PMC9686200 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.2c01038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are of particular interest as channel materials for field-effect transistors due to their unique structure and excellent properties. The controlled preparation of SWCNTs that meet the requirement of semiconducting and chiral purity, high density, and good alignment for high-performance electronics has become a key challenge in this field. In this Outlook, we outline the efforts in the preparation of SWCNTs for electronics from three main aspects, structure-controlled growth, selective sorting, and solution assembly, and discuss the remaining challenges and opportunities. We expect that this Outlook can provide some ideas for addressing the existing challenges and inspire the development of SWCNT-based high-performance electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuguang Chen
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory for the
Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, State Key Laboratory of Rare
Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and
Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Lyu
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory for the
Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, State Key Laboratory of Rare
Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and
Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zeyao Zhang
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory for the
Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, State Key Laboratory of Rare
Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and
Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feng Yang
- Department
of Chemistry, Southern University of Science
and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Yan Li
- Beijing
National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory for the
Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, State Key Laboratory of Rare
Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and
Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
- PKU-HKUST
ShenZhen-HongKong Institution, Shenzhen 518057, People’s
Republic of China
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9
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Li Z, Chen W, Liu J, Jiang D. Can Linear Conjugated Polymers Form Stable Helical Structures on the Carbon Nanotubes? ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:49189-49198. [PMID: 36260827 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c14771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The formation mechanism of ordered helical structures of conjugated polymers wrapping onto single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) has been full of controversy in recent decades. A formation mechanism is proposed for the linear conjugated polymers wrapping around SWCNTs that the formation of helical structures is dependent on the orientation competition between backbone segments and side groups via transmission electron microscopy observations and molecular dynamics simulations. Results show that the conjugated polymers cannot always form stable helical structures, even if they have the capability to form a stable helix. In fact, only part of polymer segments presents a stable helix on the SWCNTs for the internal rotation in polymer deformations. Furthermore, a design framework is proposed to choose specific conjugated homopolymers and copolymers which can form helical structures on the SWCNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixi Li
- School of Materials, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 135, Xingang Xi Road, Guangzhou510275, P. R. China
| | - Wenduo Chen
- School of Materials, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 135, Xingang Xi Road, Guangzhou510275, P. R. China
| | - Jiayin Liu
- School of Materials, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 135, Xingang Xi Road, Guangzhou510275, P. R. China
| | - Dazhi Jiang
- School of Materials, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 135, Xingang Xi Road, Guangzhou510275, P. R. China
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10
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Park M, Hwang S, Ju SY. The Effects of Lengths of Flavin Surfactant N-10-Alkyl Side Chains on Promoting Dispersion of a High-Purity and Diameter-Selective Single-Walled Nanotube. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:3380. [PMID: 36234506 PMCID: PMC9565467 DOI: 10.3390/nano12193380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Flavin with defined helical self-assembly helps to understand chemical designs for obtaining high-purity semiconducting (s)-single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) in a diameter (dt)-selective manner for high-end applications. In this study, flavins containing 8, 12, 16, and 20 n-alkyl chains were synthesized, and their single/tandem effects on dt-selective s-SWNT dispersibility were investigated at isomolarity. Flavins with n-dodecyl and longer chain lengths (FC12, FC16, and FC20) act as good surfactants for stable SWNT dispersions whereas n-octyl flavin (FC8) exhibits poor dispersibility owing to the lack of SWNT buoyancy. When used with small-dt SWNT, FC8 displays chirality-selective SWNT dispersion. This behavior, along with various flavin helical motifs, prompts the development of criteria for 'side chain length (lS)' required for stable and dt-selective SWNT dispersion, which also explains lS-dependent dt-enrichment behavior. Moreover, SWNT dispersions with flavins with dodecyl and longer lS exhibit increased metallic (m)-SWNT, background absorption-contributing carbonaceous impurities (CIs) and preferential selectivity of s-SWNT with slightly larger dt. The increased CIs that affect the SWNT quantum yield were attributed to a solubility parameter. Furthermore, the effects of flavin lS, sonication bath temperature, centrifugal speed, and surfactant concentration on SWNT purity and s-/m-SWNT ratio were investigated. A tandem FC8/FC12 provides fine-tuning of dt-selective SWNT dispersion, wherein the FC8 ratio governs the tendency towards smaller dt. Kinetic and thermodynamic assemblies of tandem flavins result in different sorting behaviors in which wide dt-tunability was demonstrated using kinetic assembly. This study highlights the importance of appropriate side chain length and other extrinsic parameters to obtain dt-selective or high-purity s-SWNT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sang-Yong Ju
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
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11
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Talsma W, Ye G, Liu Y, Duim H, Dijkstra S, Tran K, Qu J, Song J, Chiechi RC, Loi MA. Efficient Selective Sorting of Semiconducting Carbon Nanotubes Using Ultra-Narrow-Band-Gap Polymers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:38056-38066. [PMID: 35943382 PMCID: PMC9412849 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c07158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Conjugated polymers with narrow band gaps are particularly useful for sorting and discriminating semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (s-SWCNT) due to the low charge carrier injection barrier for transport. In this paper, we report two newly synthesized narrow-band-gap conjugated polymers (PNDITEG-TVT and PNDIC8TEG-TVT) based on naphthalene diimide (NDI) and thienylennevinylene (TVT) building blocks, decorated with different polar side chains that can be used for dispersing and discriminating s-SWCNT. Compared with the mid-band-gap conjugated polymer PNDITEG-AH, which is composed of naphthalene diimide (NDI) and head-to-head bithiophene building blocks, the addition of a vinylene linker eliminates the steric congestion present in head-to-head bithiophene, which promotes backbone planarity, extending the π-conjugation length and narrowing the band gap. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations suggest that inserting a vinylene group in a head-to-head bithiophene efficiently lifts the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) level (-5.60 eV for PNDITEG-AH, -5.02 eV for PNDITEG-TVT, and -5.09 eV for PNDIC8TEG-TVT). All three polymers are able to select for s-SWCNT, as evidenced by the sharp transitions in the absorption spectra. Field-effect transistors (FETs) fabricated with the polymer:SWCNT inks display p-dominant properties, with higher hole mobilities when using the NDI-TVT polymers as compared with PNDITEG-AH (0.6 cm2 V-1 s-1 for HiPCO:PNDITEG-AH, 1.5 cm2 V-1 s-1 for HiPCO:PNDITEG-TVT, and 2.3 cm2 V-1 s-1 for HiPCO:PNDIC8TEG-TVT). This improvement is due to the better alignment of the HOMO level of PNDITEG-TVT and PNDIC8TEG-TVT with that of the dominant SWCNT specie.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wytse Talsma
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Gang Ye
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Center
for Biomedical Optics and Photonics (CBOP) & College of Physics
and Optoelectronic Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices
and Systems, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China
- Stratingh
Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Yuru Liu
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Stratingh
Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Herman Duim
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sietske Dijkstra
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Karolina Tran
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Junle Qu
- Center
for Biomedical Optics and Photonics (CBOP) & College of Physics
and Optoelectronic Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices
and Systems, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China
| | - Jun Song
- Center
for Biomedical Optics and Photonics (CBOP) & College of Physics
and Optoelectronic Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices
and Systems, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, PR China
| | - Ryan C. Chiechi
- Stratingh
Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department
of Chemistry and Carbon Electronics Cluster, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204, United States
| | - Maria Antonietta Loi
- Zernike
Institute for Advanced Materials, University
of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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12
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Polymethyl(1-Butyric acidyl)silane-Assisted Dispersion and Density Gradient Ultracentrifugation Separation of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12122094. [PMID: 35745430 PMCID: PMC9227055 DOI: 10.3390/nano12122094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Individual single–walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) with distinct electronic types are crucial for the fabrication of SWNTs–based electronic and magnetic devices. Herein, the water–soluble polymethyl(1–butyric acidyl)silane (BA–PMS) was synthesized via the hydrosilylation reaction between 3–butenoic acid and polymethylsilane catalyzed by 2,2′–azodibutyronitrile. As a new dispersant, BA–PMS displayed a quite good dispersing capacity to arc–discharged SWNTs and moderate selectivity for metallic species. The application of sucrose–DGU, the density gradient ultracentrifugation with sucrose as the gradient medium, to the co–surfactants (BA–PMS and sodium dodecyl sulfonate) individually dispersed SWNTs yielded metallic SWNTs of 85.6% purity and semiconducting SWNTs of 99% purity, respectively. This work paves a path to the DGU separation of the SWNTs dispersed by polymer–based dispersants with hydrophobic alkyl chains.
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13
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Wei X, Li S, Wang W, Zhang X, Zhou W, Xie S, Liu H. Recent Advances in Structure Separation of Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes and Their Application in Optics, Electronics, and Optoelectronics. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2200054. [PMID: 35293698 PMCID: PMC9108629 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202200054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Structural control of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with uniform properties is critical not only for their property modulation and functional design but also for applications in electronics, optics, and optoelectronics. To achieve this goal, various separation techniques have been developed in the past 20 years through which separation of high-purity semiconducting/metallic SWCNTs, single-chirality species, and even their enantiomers have been achieved. This progress has promoted the property modulation of SWCNTs and the development of SWCNT-based optoelectronic devices. Here, the recent advances in the structure separation of SWCNTs are reviewed, from metallic/semiconducting SWCNTs, to single-chirality species, and to enantiomers by several typical separation techniques and the application of the corresponding sorted SWCNTs. Based on the separation procedure, efficiency, and scalability, as well as, the separable SWCNT species, purity, and quantity, the advantages and disadvantages of various separation techniques are compared. Combined with the requirements of SWCNT application, the challenges, prospects, and development direction of structure separation are further discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Wei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter PhysicsInstitute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineeringand School of Physical SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure ResearchBeijing100190China
- Songshan Lake Materials LaboratoryDongguanGuangdong523808China
| | - Shilong Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter PhysicsInstitute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure ResearchBeijing100190China
| | - Wenke Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter PhysicsInstitute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineeringand School of Physical SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure ResearchBeijing100190China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter PhysicsInstitute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineeringand School of Physical SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure ResearchBeijing100190China
- Songshan Lake Materials LaboratoryDongguanGuangdong523808China
| | - Weiya Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter PhysicsInstitute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineeringand School of Physical SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure ResearchBeijing100190China
- Songshan Lake Materials LaboratoryDongguanGuangdong523808China
| | - Sishen Xie
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter PhysicsInstitute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineeringand School of Physical SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure ResearchBeijing100190China
- Songshan Lake Materials LaboratoryDongguanGuangdong523808China
| | - Huaping Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter PhysicsInstitute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineeringand School of Physical SciencesUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Advanced Functional Materials and Structure ResearchBeijing100190China
- Songshan Lake Materials LaboratoryDongguanGuangdong523808China
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14
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Heimfarth D, Balcı Leinen M, Klein P, Allard S, Scherf U, Zaumseil J. Enhancing Electrochemical Transistors Based on Polymer-Wrapped (6,5) Carbon Nanotube Networks with Ethylene Glycol Side Chains. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:8209-8217. [PMID: 35108486 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c23586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Organic electrochemical transistors (ECTs) are an important building block for bioelectronics. To promote the required ion transport through the active layer, state-of-the-art semiconducting polymers feature hydrophilic ethylene glycol side chains that increase the volumetric capacitance and transconductance of the devices. Here, we apply this concept to polymer-wrapped single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) as a high-mobility semiconducting material. We replace the polyfluorene copolymer (PFO-BPy), which is used for selectively dispersing semiconducting (6,5) SWCNTs and contains octyl side chains, by an equivalent polymer with tetraethylene glycol side chains. Aerosol-jet printed networks of these SWCNTs are applied as the active layer in water-gated ECTs. These show high hole mobilities (3-15 cm2·V-1·s-1), significantly improved volumetric capacitances and larger transconductances. Thin networks of SWCNTs reach (219 ± 16) F·cm-1·V-1·s-1 as the product of mobility and volumetric capacitance. In situ photoluminescence measurements show more efficient quenching of the near-infrared fluorescence for nanotube networks with hydrophilic glycol side chains compared to those with hydrophobic alkyl side chains, thus corroborating more complete charging under bias. Overall, networks of semiconducting SWCNTs with such tailored wrapping polymers provide excellent device performance. Combined with their inherent mechanical flexibility and durability, they constitute a competitive material for bioelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Heimfarth
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Universität Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Centre for Advanced Materials, Universität Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Merve Balcı Leinen
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Universität Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Patrick Klein
- Macromolecular Chemistry and Wuppertal Center for Smart Materials and Systems, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, D-42097 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Sybille Allard
- Macromolecular Chemistry and Wuppertal Center for Smart Materials and Systems, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, D-42097 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Ullrich Scherf
- Macromolecular Chemistry and Wuppertal Center for Smart Materials and Systems, Bergische Universität Wuppertal, D-42097 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Jana Zaumseil
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Universität Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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15
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Ye G, Talsma W, Tran K, Liu Y, Dijkstra S, Cao J, Chen J, Qu J, Song J, Loi MA, Chiechi RC. Polar Side Chains Enhance Selection of Semiconducting Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes by Polymer Wrapping. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Ye
- Center for Biomedical Optics and Photonics & College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and systems of Ministry of Education/Guangdong Province, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Wytse Talsma
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Karolina Tran
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Yuru Liu
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Sietske Dijkstra
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Jiamin Cao
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical Organic Chemistry and Functional Molecule of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, P. R. China
| | - Jianhua Chen
- Department of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, P. R. China
| | - Junle Qu
- Center for Biomedical Optics and Photonics & College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and systems of Ministry of Education/Guangdong Province, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Jun Song
- Center for Biomedical Optics and Photonics & College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and systems of Ministry of Education/Guangdong Province, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, P. R. China
| | - Maria Antonietta Loi
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
| | - Ryan C. Chiechi
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen 9747 AG, The Netherlands
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16
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Wang J, Lei T. Enrichment of high-purity large-diameter semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:1096-1106. [PMID: 34989744 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr06635h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes SWCNTs (s-SWCNTs) are considered one of the most promising alternatives to traditional silicon-based semiconductors. In particular, large-diameter s-SWCNTs (>1.2 nm) exhibit more advantages over small-diameter ones in high-performance electronic applications because of their higher charge carrier mobility and reduced Schottky barrier height. Great efforts have been made to enriching large-diameter s-SWCNTs from mass-produced raw CNTs that contain both metallic SWCNTs and s-SWCNTs. Among separation technologies, the effective and scalable ones are conjugated polymer wrapping (CPW), gel permeation chromatography (GC), aqueous two-phase extraction (ATPE), and density gradient ultracentrifugation (DGU). In this review, we survey recent progress on enriching large-diameter s-SWCNTs using those methods and outline the strategies and challenges in the separation according to the electronic type and chirality of SWCNTs. Finally, we highlight some applications of the enriched large-diameter s-SWCNTs and outlook for the future of SWCNT-based electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics (MOE), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Ting Lei
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics (MOE), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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17
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Synthesis of a Poly(3-dodecylthiophene) Bearing Aniline Groups for the Covalent Functionalization of Carbon Nanotubes. REACTIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/reactions2040030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The functionalization of carbon nanotubes by polymers necessitates two steps, first their modification by oxidizing them or by covalently attaching small compounds to them, then the growth of the polymer chains from these anchors or their grafting onto them. In order to better control the process and the rate of functionalization, we develop polymers able to covalently react with the carbon nanotubes by their side chains in one step. We describe the synthesis of a copolymer of dodecylthiophene and its analogue bearing an aniline group at the end of the dodecyl side chain. This copolymer can functionalize single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) non-covalently and disperse more SWNTs than its hexyl analogues. UV-Vis and fluorescence spectroscopies show that in these non-covalent hybrids, the polymer forms p-stacked aggregates on the SWNTs. The non-covalent hybrids can be transformed into covalent ones by diazonium coupling. In these covalent hybrids the polymer is no longer p-stacked. According to Raman spectroscopy, the conformation of the poly(3-hexylthiophene) backbone is more ordered in the non-covalent hybrids than in the covalent ones.
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18
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Mburu MM, Au-Duong AN, Li WT, Wu CC, Cheng YH, Chen KL, Chiang WH, Chiu YC. The Impacts of Polyisoprene Physical Interactions on Sorting of Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes. Macromol Rapid Commun 2021; 42:e2100327. [PMID: 34288205 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202100327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Conjugated polymer sorting is currently the best method to select large-diameter single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with tunable narrow chirality in the adaption of highly desired electronics applications. The acceleration on conjugated polymers-SWCNTs interaction with long-term stability through different molecular designs; for example, longer alkyl side-chains or conjugation moieties have been extensively developed in recent years. However, the importance of the macromolecules with abundant van der Waals (VDW) interaction in the conjugated-based block copolymer system acting during SWCNTs sorting is not clearly demonstrated. In this work, a conjugated diblock copolymer involving polyisoprene (PI) and highly dense π-interaction of poly (9,9-dioctylfluorene) (PFO) is utilized to investigate the impact of natural rubber PI physical interaction on sorting effectiveness and stability. Through the rational design of diblock copolymer, PFO with ≈1200 isoprene units can remarkably enhance SWCNTs sorting ability and selected few chiralities with a diameter of ≈0.83-1.1 nm and highly stable solution for more than 1 year. The introduction of long-chain PI system is attributed not only to form weak VDW force with SWCNTs and strengthen the wrapping of PFO around the semiconducting SWCNTs but also to act as a barrier among nanotubes to prevent reaggregation of sorted SWCNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maina Moses Mburu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, No.43, Sec. 4, Keelung Rd., Da'an Dist., Taipei City, 10607, Taiwan
| | - Ai-Nhan Au-Duong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, No.43, Sec. 4, Keelung Rd., Da'an Dist., Taipei City, 10607, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ting Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, No.43, Sec. 4, Keelung Rd., Da'an Dist., Taipei City, 10607, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ching Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, No.43, Sec. 4, Keelung Rd., Da'an Dist., Taipei City, 10607, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsuan Cheng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, No.43, Sec. 4, Keelung Rd., Da'an Dist., Taipei City, 10607, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Lin Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, No.43, Sec. 4, Keelung Rd., Da'an Dist., Taipei City, 10607, Taiwan.,Advanced Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hung Chiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, No.43, Sec. 4, Keelung Rd., Da'an Dist., Taipei City, 10607, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Cheng Chiu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, No.43, Sec. 4, Keelung Rd., Da'an Dist., Taipei City, 10607, Taiwan.,Advanced Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
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19
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Yang X, Liu T, Li R, Yang X, Lyu M, Fang L, Zhang L, Wang K, Zhu A, Zhang L, Qiu C, Zhang YZ, Wang X, Peng LM, Yang F, Li Y. Host-Guest Molecular Interaction Enabled Separation of Large-Diameter Semiconducting Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:10120-10130. [PMID: 34105955 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c02245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (s-SWCNTs) with a diameter of around 1.0-1.5 nm, which present bandgaps comparable to silicon, are highly desired for electronic applications. Therefore, the preparation of s-SWCNTs of such diameters has been attracting great attention. The inner surface of SWCNTs has a suitable curvature and large contacting area, which is attractive in host-guest chemistry triggered by electron transfer. Here we reported a strategy of host-guest molecular interaction between SWCNTs and inner clusters with designed size, thus selectively separating s-SWCNTs of expected diameters. When polyoxometalate clusters of ∼1 nm in size were filled in the inner cavities of SWCNTs, s-SWCNTs with diameters concentrated at ∼1.3-1.4 nm were selectively extracted with the purity of ∼98% by a commercially available polyfluorene derivative. The field-effect transistors built from the sorted s-SWCNTs showed a typical behavior of semiconductors. The sorting mechanisms associated with size-dependent electron transfer from nanotubes to inner polyoxometalate were revealed by the spectroscopic and in situ electron microscopic evidence as well as the theoretical calculation. The polyoxometalates with designable size and redox property enable the flexible regulation of interaction between the nanotubes and the clusters, thus tuning the diameter of sorted s-SWCNTs. The present sorting strategy is simple and should be generally feasible in other SWCNT sorting techniques, bringing both great easiness in dispersant design and improved selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xusheng Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Tianhui Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ruoming Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiaoxin Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Nanobiomechanics, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Min Lyu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Li Fang
- Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Anquan Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Luyao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chenguang Qiu
- Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yuan-Zhu Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Nanobiomechanics, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Lian-Mao Peng
- Department of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Feng Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yan Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.,Peking University Shenzhen Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China.,PKU-HKUST ShenZhen-HongKong Institution, Shenzhen 518055, China
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20
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Zorn N, Berger FJ, Zaumseil J. Charge Transport in and Electroluminescence from sp 3-Functionalized Carbon Nanotube Networks. ACS NANO 2021; 15:10451-10463. [PMID: 34048654 PMCID: PMC8223481 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c02878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The controlled covalent functionalization of semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with luminescent sp3 defects leads to additional narrow and tunable photoluminescence features in the near-infrared and even enables single-photon emission at room temperature, thus strongly expanding their application potential. However, the successful integration of sp3-functionalized SWCNTs in optoelectronic devices with efficient defect state electroluminescence not only requires control over their emission properties but also a detailed understanding of the impact of functionalization on their electrical performance, especially in dense networks. Here, we demonstrate ambipolar, light-emitting field-effect transistors based on networks of pristine and functionalized polymer-sorted (6,5) SWCNTs. We investigate the influence of sp3 defects on charge transport by employing electroluminescence and (charge-modulated) photoluminescence spectroscopy combined with temperature-dependent current-voltage measurements. We find that sp3-functionalized SWCNTs actively participate in charge transport within the network as mobile carriers efficiently sample the sp3 defects, which act as shallow trap states. While both hole and electron mobilities decrease with increasing degree of functionalization, the transistors remain fully operational, showing electroluminescence from the defect states that can be tuned by the defect density.
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21
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Mirka B, Rice NA, Williams P, Tousignant MN, Boileau NT, Bodnaryk WJ, Fong D, Adronov A, Lessard BH. Excess Polymer in Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Thin-Film Transistors: Its Removal Prior to Fabrication Is Unnecessary. ACS NANO 2021; 15:8252-8266. [PMID: 33831298 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c08584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ultrapure semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotube (sc-SWNT) dispersions produced through conjugated polymer sorting are ideal candidates for the fabrication of solution-processed organic electronic devices on a commercial scale. Protocols for sorting and dispersing ultrapure sc-SWNTs with conjugated polymers for thin-film transistor (TFT) applications have been well refined. Conventional wisdom dictates that removal of excess unbound polymer through filtration or centrifugation is necessary to produce high-performance TFTs. However, this is time-consuming, wasteful, and resource-intensive. In this report, we challenge this paradigm and demonstrate that excess unbound polymer during semiconductor film fabrication is not necessarily detrimental to device performance. Over 1200 TFT devices were fabricated from 30 unique polymer-sorted SWNT dispersions, prepared using two different alternating copolymers. Detailed Raman spectroscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) studies of the random-network semiconductor films demonstrated that a simple solvent rinse during TFT fabrication was sufficient to remove unbound polymer from the sc-SWNT films, thus eliminating laborious polymer removal before TFT fabrication. Furthermore, below a threshold polymer concentration, the presence of excess polymer during fabrication did not significantly impede TFT performance. Preeminent performance was achieved for devices prepared from native polymer-sorted SWNT dispersions containing the "original" amount of excess unbound polymer (immediately following enrichment). Lastly, we developed an open-source Machine Learning algorithm to quantitatively analyze AFM images of SWNT films for surface coverage, number of tubes, and tube alignment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan Mirka
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5
| | - Nicole A Rice
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5
| | - Phillip Williams
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5
| | - Mathieu N Tousignant
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5
| | - Nicholas T Boileau
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5
| | - William J Bodnaryk
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street W, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4M1
| | - Darryl Fong
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street W, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4M1
| | - Alex Adronov
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street W, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4M1
| | - Benoît H Lessard
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis Pasteur, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1N 6N5
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22
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Xu L, Valášek M, Hennrich F, Fischer R, Kappes MM, Mayor M. Degradable Fluorene- and Carbazole-Based Copolymers for Selective Extraction of Semiconducting Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Xu
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Michal Valášek
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Frank Hennrich
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Quantum Materials and Technologies, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Regina Fischer
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Manfred M. Kappes
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Quantum Materials and Technologies, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Marcel Mayor
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, China
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23
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Hwang K, Lim DH, Lee MH, Kim YJ, Kim YA, Yang D, Kim Y, Kim DY. Engineering the Structural Topology of Pyrene-Based Conjugated Polymers for the Selective Sorting of Semiconducting Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c00122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kyoungtae Hwang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering (SMSE), Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Energies (RISE), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hee Lim
- Energy Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Hye Lee
- Division of Advanced Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), 141 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Ju Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering (SMSE), Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Energies (RISE), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong-a Kim
- Basic Materials and Chemicals Research and Development Center, LG Chem Ltd., Yeosu, Jeollanam-do 59611, Repubilic of Korea
| | - Dongsung Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering (SMSE), Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Energies (RISE), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Younghyo Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering (SMSE), Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Energies (RISE), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Yu Kim
- School of Materials Science and Engineering (SMSE), Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Energies (RISE), Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 123 Cheomdan-gwagiro Buk-gu, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
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24
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Xu L, Valášek M, Hennrich F, Sedghamiz E, Penaloza-Amion M, Häussinger D, Wenzel W, Kappes MM, Mayor M. Enantiomeric Separation of Semiconducting Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes by Acid Cleavable Chiral Polyfluorene. ACS NANO 2021; 15:4699-4709. [PMID: 33626282 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c09235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Helical wrapping by conjugated polymer has been demonstrated as a powerful tool for the sorting of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) according to their electronic type, chiral index, and even handedness. However, a method of one-step extraction of left-handed (M) and right-handed (P) semiconducting SWCNTs (s-SWCNTs) with subsequent cleavage of the polymer has not yet been published. In this work, we designed and synthesized one pair of acid cleavable polyfluorenes with defined chirality for handedness separation of s-SWCNTs from as-produced nanotubes. Each monomer contains a chiral center on the fluorene backbone in the 9-position, and the amino and carbonyl groups in the 2- and 7-positions maintain the head-to-tail regioselective polymerization resulting in polyimines with strictly all-(R) or all-(S) configuration. The obtained chiral polymers exhibit a strong recognition ability toward left- or right-handed s-SWCNTs from commercially available CoMoCAT SWCNTs with a sorting process requiring only bath sonication and centrifugation. Interestingly, the remaining polymer on each single nanotube, which helps to prevent aggregation, does not interfere with the circular dichroism signals from the nanotube at all. Therefore, we observed all four interband transition peaks (E11, E22, E33, E44) in the circular dichroism (CD) spectra of the still wrapped optically enriched left-handed and right-handed (6,5) SWCNTs in toluene. Binding energies obtained from molecular dynamics simulations were consistent with our experimental results and showed a significant preference for one specific handedness from each chiral polymer. Moreover, the imine bonds along the polymer chains enable the release of the nanotubes upon acid treatment. After s-SWNT separation, the polymer can be decomposed into monomers and be cleanly removed under mild acidic conditions, yielding dispersant-free handedness sorted s-SWNTs. The monomers can be almost quantitatively recovered to resynthesize the chiral polymer. This approach enables high selective isolation of polymer-free s-SWNT enantiomers for their further applications in carbon nanotube (CNT) devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Xu
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Michal Valášek
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Frank Hennrich
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Quantum Materials and Technologies, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Elaheh Sedghamiz
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Montserrat Penaloza-Amion
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Daniel Häussinger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Wenzel
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Manfred M Kappes
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Quantum Materials and Technologies, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76128 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Marcel Mayor
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, P.O. Box 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St. Johanns-Ring 19, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510275, China
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25
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Lu S, Franklin AD. Printed carbon nanotube thin-film transistors: progress on printable materials and the path to applications. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:23371-23390. [PMID: 33216106 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr06231f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Printing technologies have attracted significant attention owing to their potential use in the low-cost manufacturing of custom or large-area flexible electronics. Among the many printable electronic materials that have been explored, semiconducting carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have shown increasing promise based on their exceptional electrical and mechanical properties, relative stability in air, and compatibility with several printing techniques to form semiconducting thin films. These attractive attributes make printed CNT thin films promising for applications including, but not limited to, sensors and display backplanes - at the heart of which is electronics' most versatile device: the transistor. In this review, we present a summary of recent advancements in the field of printed carbon nanotube thin-film transistors (CNT-TFTs). In addition to an introduction of different printing techniques, together with their strengths and limitations, we discuss key aspects of ink/material selection and processing of various device components, including the CNT channels, contacts, and gate insulators. It is clear that printed CNT-TFTs are rapidly advancing, but there remain challenges, which are discussed along with current techniques to resolve them and future developments towards practical applications from these devices. There has been interest in low-cost, printable transistors for many years and the CNT-TFTs show great promise for delivering, but will not become a reality without further research advancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiheng Lu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
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26
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Dong H, Wang K, Zhou D, Ito Y, Hu L, Zhang Z, Zhu X. Enrichment and immobilization of semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes by dopamine functionalized conjugated polymer. REACT FUNCT POLYM 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reactfunctpolym.2020.104616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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27
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Wang J, Lei T. Separation of Semiconducting Carbon Nanotubes Using Conjugated Polymer Wrapping. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1548. [PMID: 32668780 PMCID: PMC7407812 DOI: 10.3390/polym12071548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past two decades, single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) have been explored for electronic applications because of their high charge carrier mobility, low-temperature solution processability and mechanical flexibility. Semiconducting SWNTs (s-SWNTs) are also considered an alternative to traditional silicon-based semiconductors. However, large-scale, as-produced SWNTs have poor solubility, and they are mixtures of metallic SWNTs (m-SWNTs) and s-SWNTs, which limits their practical applications. Conjugated polymer wrapping is a promising method to disperse and separate s-SWNTs, due to its high selectivity, high separation yield and simplicity of operation. In this review, we summarize the recent progress of the conjugated polymer wrapping method, and discuss possible separation mechanisms for s-SWNTs. We also discuss various parameters that may affect the selectivity and sorting yield. Finally, some electronic applications of polymer-sorted s-SWNTs are introduced. The aim of this review is to provide polymer chemist a basic concept of polymer based SWNT separation, as well as some polymer design strategies, influential factors and potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ting Lei
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory for Magnetoelectric Materials and Devices, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;
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28
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Zorn N, Scuratti F, Berger FJ, Perinot A, Heimfarth D, Caironi M, Zaumseil J. Probing Mobile Charge Carriers in Semiconducting Carbon Nanotube Networks by Charge Modulation Spectroscopy. ACS NANO 2020; 14:2412-2423. [PMID: 31999430 PMCID: PMC7045696 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.9b09761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Solution-processed networks of semiconducting, single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have attracted considerable attention as materials for next-generation electronic devices and circuits. However, the impact of the SWCNT network composition on charge transport on a microscopic level remains an open and complex question. Here, we use charge-modulated absorption and photoluminescence spectroscopy to probe exclusively the mobile charge carriers in monochiral (6,5) and mixed SWCNT network field-effect transistors. Ground-state bleaching and charge-induced trion absorption features as well as exciton quenching are observed depending on applied voltage and modulation frequency. Through correlation of the modulated mobile carrier density and the optical response of the nanotubes, we find that charge transport in mixed SWCNT networks depends strongly on the diameter and thus bandgap of the individual species. Mobile charges are preferentially transported by small bandgap SWCNTs especially at low gate voltages, whereas large bandgap species only start to participate at higher carrier concentrations. Our results demonstrate the excellent suitability of modulation spectroscopy to investigate charge transport in nanotube network transistors and highlight the importance of SWCNT network composition for their performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas
F. Zorn
- Institute
for Physical Chemistry, Universität
Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Centre
for Advanced Materials, Universität
Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Francesca Scuratti
- Center
for Nano Science and Technology @PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Felix J. Berger
- Institute
for Physical Chemistry, Universität
Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Centre
for Advanced Materials, Universität
Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Andrea Perinot
- Center
for Nano Science and Technology @PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Daniel Heimfarth
- Institute
for Physical Chemistry, Universität
Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Centre
for Advanced Materials, Universität
Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mario Caironi
- Center
for Nano Science and Technology @PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Jana Zaumseil
- Institute
for Physical Chemistry, Universität
Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Centre
for Advanced Materials, Universität
Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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29
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Benda R, Zucchi G, Cancès E, Lebental B. Insights into the π – π interaction driven non-covalent functionalization of carbon nanotubes of various diameters by conjugated fluorene and carbazole copolymers. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:064708. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5133634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Benda
- LPICM, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Route De Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau, France
- CERMICS, Ecole des Ponts and INRIA, Université Paris-Est, 6-8 Avenue Blaise Pascal, 77455 Marne-la-Vallée, France
| | - Gaël Zucchi
- LPICM, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Route De Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - Eric Cancès
- CERMICS, Ecole des Ponts and INRIA, Université Paris-Est, 6-8 Avenue Blaise Pascal, 77455 Marne-la-Vallée, France
| | - Bérengère Lebental
- LPICM, CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Route De Saclay, 91128 Palaiseau, France
- Université Paris-Est, IFSTTAR, 14-20, Boulevard Newton, 77420 Champs-sur-Marne, France
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30
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Yang F, Wang M, Zhang D, Yang J, Zheng M, Li Y. Chirality Pure Carbon Nanotubes: Growth, Sorting, and Characterization. Chem Rev 2020; 120:2693-2758. [PMID: 32039585 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have been attracting tremendous attention owing to their structure (chirality) dependent outstanding properties, which endow them with great potential in a wide range of applications. The preparation of chirality-pure SWCNTs is not only a great scientific challenge but also a crucial requirement for many high-end applications. As such, research activities in this area over the last two decades have been very extensive. In this review, we summarize recent achievements and accumulated knowledge thus far and discuss future developments and remaining challenges from three aspects: controlled growth, postsynthesis sorting, and characterization techniques. In the growth part, we focus on the mechanism of chirality-controlled growth and catalyst design. In the sorting part, we organize and analyze existing literature based on sorting targets rather than methods. Since chirality assignment and quantification is essential in the study of selective preparation, we also include in the last part a comprehensive description and discussion of characterization techniques for SWCNTs. It is our view that even though progress made in this area is impressive, more efforts are still needed to develop both methodologies for preparing ultrapure (e.g., >99.99%) SWCNTs in large quantity and nondestructive fast characterization techniques with high spatial resolution for various nanotube samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Meng Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Daqi Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Juan Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ming Zheng
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Yan Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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31
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Scuratti F, Bonacchini GE, Bossio C, Salazar-Rios JM, Talsma W, Loi MA, Antognazza MR, Caironi M. Real-Time Monitoring of Cellular Cultures with Electrolyte-Gated Carbon Nanotube Transistors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:37966-37972. [PMID: 31532607 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b11383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Cell-based biosensors constitute a fundamental tool in biotechnology, and their relevance has greatly increased in recent years as a result of a surging demand for reduced animal testing and for high-throughput and cost-effective in vitro screening platforms dedicated to environmental and biomedical diagnostics, drug development, and toxicology. In this context, electrochemical/electronic cell-based biosensors represent a promising class of devices that enable long-term and real-time monitoring of cell physiology in a noninvasive and label-free fashion, with a remarkable potential for process automation and parallelization. Common limitations of this class of devices at large include the need for substrate surface modification strategies to ensure cell adhesion and immobilization, limited compatibility with complementary optical cell-probing techniques, and the need for frequency-dependent measurements, which rely on elaborated equivalent electrical circuit models for data analysis and interpretation. We hereby demonstrate the monitoring of cell adhesion and detachment through the time-dependent variations in the quasi-static characteristic current curves of a highly stable electrolyte-gated transistor, based on an optically transparent network of printable polymer-wrapped semiconducting carbon-nanotubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Scuratti
- Center for Nano Science and Technology @PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Via Giovanni Pascoli, 70/3 , 20133 Milano , Italy
- Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering , Politecnico di Milano , Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32 , 20133 Milano , Italy
| | - Giorgio E Bonacchini
- Center for Nano Science and Technology @PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Via Giovanni Pascoli, 70/3 , 20133 Milano , Italy
| | - Caterina Bossio
- Center for Nano Science and Technology @PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Via Giovanni Pascoli, 70/3 , 20133 Milano , Italy
| | - Jorge M Salazar-Rios
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Wytse Talsma
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Maria A Loi
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Maria Rosa Antognazza
- Center for Nano Science and Technology @PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Via Giovanni Pascoli, 70/3 , 20133 Milano , Italy
| | - Mario Caironi
- Center for Nano Science and Technology @PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia , Via Giovanni Pascoli, 70/3 , 20133 Milano , Italy
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32
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Qiu S, Wu K, Gao B, Li L, Jin H, Li Q. Solution-Processing of High-Purity Semiconducting Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes for Electronics Devices. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1800750. [PMID: 30062782 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201800750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 04/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
High-purity semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (s-SWCNTs) are of paramount significance for the construction of next-generation electronics. Until now, a number of elaborate sorting and purification techniques for s-SWCNTs have been developed, among which solution-based sorting methods show unique merits in the scale production, high purity, and large-area film formation. Here, the recent progress in the solution processing of s-SWCNTs and their application in electronic devices is systematically reviewed. First, the solution-based sorting and purification of s-SWCNTs are described, and particular attention is paid to the recent advance in the conjugated polymer-based sorting strategy. Subsequently, the solution-based deposition and morphology control of a s-SWCNT thin film on a surface are introduced, which focus on the strategies for network formation and alignment of SWCNTs. Then, the recent advances in electronic devices based on s-SWCNTs are reviewed with emphasis on nanoscale s-SWCNTs' high-performance integrated circuits and s-SWCNT-based thin-film transistors (TFT) array and circuits. Lastly, the existing challenges and development trends for the s-SWCNTs and electronic devices are briefly discussed. The aim is to provide some useful information and inspiration for the sorting and purification of s-SWCNTs, as well as the construction of electronic devices with s-SWCNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Nanodevices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Science, Suzhou, 215123, P.R. China
| | - Kunjie Wu
- Key Laboratory of Nanodevices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Science, Suzhou, 215123, P.R. China
| | - Bing Gao
- School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, P.R. China
| | - Liqiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Nanodevices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Science, Suzhou, 215123, P.R. China
| | - Hehua Jin
- Key Laboratory of Nanodevices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Science, Suzhou, 215123, P.R. China
| | - Qingwen Li
- Key Laboratory of Nanodevices and Applications, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Science, Suzhou, 215123, P.R. China
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33
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Lv Z, Liu D, Yu X, Lv Q, Gao B, Jin H, Qiu S, Men C, Song Q, Li Q. Controllable etching-induced contact enhancement for high-performance carbon nanotube thin-film transistors. RSC Adv 2019; 9:10578-10583. [PMID: 35515320 PMCID: PMC9062493 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra01052a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (s-SWNTs) show great promises in advanced electronics. However, contact resistance between the nanotubes and metal electrode has long been a bottleneck to the development of s-SWNTs in high-performance electronic devices. Here we demonstrate a simple and controllable strategy for enhancing the electrode contact and therefore the performance of s-SWNT thin film transistors by plasma etching treatment, which effectively removes the polymer residues, including the photoresist and the conjugated molecules, adsorbed on the surface of s-SWNTs. As a result, the contact resistance is reduced by 3 times and the carrier mobility rises by up to 70%. Our method is compatible with current silicon semiconductor processing technology, making it a viable effective approach to large-scale application of s-SWNTs in the electronics industry. Controllable plasma etching induced contact enhancement for high-performance carbon nanotube thin-film transistors and analysis of the mechanism.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengxia Lv
- Key Laboratory of Multifuctional Nanomaterials and System Integration
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics
- Chinese Academy of Science
- Suzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Dan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Multifuctional Nanomaterials and System Integration
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics
- Chinese Academy of Science
- Suzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqin Yu
- College of Chemical and Material Engineering
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
- P. R. China
| | - Qianjin Lv
- School of Energy and Power Engineering
- University of Shanghai for Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200093
- P. R. China
| | - Bing Gao
- College of Chemical and Material Engineering
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
- P. R. China
| | - Hehua Jin
- Key Laboratory of Multifuctional Nanomaterials and System Integration
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics
- Chinese Academy of Science
- Suzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Song Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Multifuctional Nanomaterials and System Integration
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics
- Chinese Academy of Science
- Suzhou
- P. R. China
| | - Chuanling Men
- School of Energy and Power Engineering
- University of Shanghai for Science and Technology
- Shanghai 200093
- P. R. China
| | - Qijun Song
- College of Chemical and Material Engineering
- Jiangnan University
- Wuxi 214122
- P. R. China
| | - Qingwen Li
- Key Laboratory of Multifuctional Nanomaterials and System Integration
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics
- Chinese Academy of Science
- Suzhou
- P. R. China
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34
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Aumaitre C, Fong D, Adronov A, Morin JF. Anthanthrene-based conjugated polymers for the dispersion of single-walled carbon nanotubes. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py01603a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Four new copolymers based on anthanthrene for the dispersion of semiconducting SWNTs of various diameters have been synthesized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyril Aumaitre
- Département de chimie and Centre de recherche sur les matériaux avancés (CERMA)
- 1045 Avenue de la Médecine
- Université Laval
- Québec
- Canada
| | - Darryl Fong
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology
- McMaster University
- Hamilton
- Canada
| | - Alex Adronov
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology
- McMaster University
- Hamilton
- Canada
| | - Jean-François Morin
- Département de chimie and Centre de recherche sur les matériaux avancés (CERMA)
- 1045 Avenue de la Médecine
- Université Laval
- Québec
- Canada
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35
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Bati ASR, Yu L, Batmunkh M, Shapter JG. Synthesis, purification, properties and characterization of sorted single-walled carbon nanotubes. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:22087-22139. [PMID: 30475354 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr07379a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have attracted significant attention due to their outstanding mechanical, chemical and optoelectronic properties, which makes them promising candidates for use in a wide range of applications. However, as-produced SWCNTs have a wide distribution of various chiral species with different properties (i.e. electronic structures). In order to take full advantage of SWCNT properties, highly purified and well-separated SWCNTs are of great importance. Recent advances have focused on developing new strategies to effectively separate nanotubes into single-chirality and/or semiconducting/metallic species and integrating them into different applications. This review highlights recent progress in this cutting-edge research area alongside the enormous development of their identification and structural characterization techniques. A comprehensive review of advances in both controlled synthesis and post-synthesis separation methods of SWCNTs are presented. The relationship between the unique structure of SWCNTs and their intrinsic properties is also discussed. Finally, important future directions for the development of sorting and purification protocols for SWCNTs are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulaziz S R Bati
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia.
| | - LePing Yu
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Adelaide, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Munkhbayar Batmunkh
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia. and College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Adelaide, South Australia 5042, Australia
| | - Joseph G Shapter
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia. and College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Bedford Park, Adelaide, South Australia 5042, Australia
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36
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Bodnaryk W, Fong D, Adronov A. Enrichment of Metallic Carbon Nanotubes Using a Two-Polymer Extraction Method. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:16238-16245. [PMID: 31458259 PMCID: PMC6644074 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b02735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The large-scale enrichment of metallic carbon nanotubes is a challenging goal that has proven elusive. Selective dispersion of carbon nanotubes by specifically designed conjugated polymers is effective for isolating semiconducting species, but a comparable system does not exist for isolating metallic species. Here, we report a two-polymer system where semiconducting species are extracted from the raw HiPCO or plasma-torch nanotube starting material using an electron-rich poly(fluorene-co-carbazole) derivative, followed by isolation of the metallic species remaining in the residue using an electron-poor methylated poly(fluorene-co-pyridine) polymer. Characterization of the electronic nature of extracted samples was carried out via a combination of absorption, Raman, and fluorescence spectroscopy, as well as electrical conductivity measurements. Using this methodology, the metallic species in the sample were enriched 2-fold in comparison to the raw starting material. These results indicate that the use of electron-poor polymers is an effective strategy for the enrichment of metallic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- William
J. Bodnaryk
- Department of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street W, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4M1
| | - Darryl Fong
- Department of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street W, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4M1
| | - Alex Adronov
- Department of Chemistry and
Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street W, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4M1
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37
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Li K, Kardelis V, Adronov A. “Click” generation of a conjugated polymer library for SWNT dispersion. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.29093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kelvin Li
- Department of Chemistry; McMaster University; Hamilton Ontario Canada
| | - Vladimir Kardelis
- Department of Chemistry; McMaster University; Hamilton Ontario Canada
| | - Alex Adronov
- Department of Chemistry; McMaster University; Hamilton Ontario Canada
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38
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Durán-Valdeiglesias E, Zhang W, Alonso-Ramos C, Serna S, Le Roux X, Maris-Morini D, Caselli N, Biccari F, Gurioli M, Filoramo A, Cassan E, Vivien L. Tailoring carbon nanotubes optical properties through chirality-wise silicon ring resonators. Sci Rep 2018; 8:11252. [PMID: 30050165 PMCID: PMC6062534 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-29300-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Semiconducting single walled carbon nanotubes (s-SWNT) have an immense potential for the development of active optoelectronic functionalities in ultra-compact hybrid photonic circuits. Specifically, s-SWNT have been identified as a very promising solution to implement light sources in the silicon photonics platform. Still, two major challenges remain to fully exploit the potential of this hybrid technology: the limited interaction between s-SWNTs and Si waveguides and the low quantum efficiency of s-SWNTs emission. Silicon micro-ring resonators have the potential capability to overcome these limitations, by providing enhanced light s-SWNT interaction through resonant light recirculation. Here, we demonstrate that Si ring resonators provide SWNT chirality-wise photoluminescence resonance enhancement, releasing a new degree of freedom to tailor s-SWNT optical properties. Specifically, we show that judicious design of the micro-ring geometry allows selectively promoting the emission enhancement of either (8,6) or (8,7) SWNT chiralities present in a high-purity polymer-sorted s-SWNT solution. In addition, we present an analysis of nanometric-sized silicon-on-insulator waveguides that predicts stronger light s-SWNT interaction for transverse-magnetic (TM) modes than for conventionally used transverse-electric (TE) modes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Durán-Valdeiglesias
- Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, C2N - Orsay, 91405, Orsay cedex, France
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, C2N - Orsay, 91405, Orsay cedex, France.,Optoelectronics Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Carlos Alonso-Ramos
- Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, C2N - Orsay, 91405, Orsay cedex, France
| | - Samuel Serna
- Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, C2N - Orsay, 91405, Orsay cedex, France
| | - Xavier Le Roux
- Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, C2N - Orsay, 91405, Orsay cedex, France
| | - Delphine Maris-Morini
- Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, C2N - Orsay, 91405, Orsay cedex, France
| | - Niccolò Caselli
- Department of Physics, University of Florence. European Laboratory for Non-linear Spectroscopy, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Francesco Biccari
- Department of Physics, University of Florence. European Laboratory for Non-linear Spectroscopy, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Massimo Gurioli
- Department of Physics, University of Florence. European Laboratory for Non-linear Spectroscopy, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
| | - Arianna Filoramo
- CEA Saclay, IRAMIS, NIMBE (UMR 3685), LICSEN, Bât. 125, F-91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Eric Cassan
- Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, C2N - Orsay, 91405, Orsay cedex, France
| | - Laurent Vivien
- Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, CNRS, Univ. Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, C2N - Orsay, 91405, Orsay cedex, France.
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39
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Lee KM, Kim KH, Yoon H, Kim H. Chemical Design of Functional Polymer Structures for Biosensors: From Nanoscale to Macroscale. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E551. [PMID: 30966585 PMCID: PMC6415446 DOI: 10.3390/polym10050551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past decades, biosensors, a class of physicochemical detectors sensitive to biological analytes, have drawn increasing interest, particularly in light of growing concerns about human health. Functional polymeric materials have been widely researched for sensing applications because of their structural versatility and significant progress that has been made concerning their chemistry, as well as in the field of nanotechnology. Polymeric nanoparticles are conventionally used in sensing applications due to large surface area, which allows rapid and sensitive detection. On the macroscale, hydrogels are crucial materials for biosensing applications, being used in many wearable or implantable devices as a biocompatible platform. The performance of both hydrogels and nanoparticles, including sensitivity, response time, or reversibility, can be significantly altered and optimized by changing their chemical structures; this has encouraged us to overview and classify chemical design strategies. Here, we have organized this review into two main sections concerning the use of nanoparticles and hydrogels (as polymeric structures) for biosensors and described chemical approaches in relevant subcategories, which act as a guide for general synthetic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Min Lee
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Korea.
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Kyung Ho Kim
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Korea.
| | - Hyeonseok Yoon
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Korea.
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Korea.
| | - Hyungwoo Kim
- Department of Polymer Engineering, Graduate School, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Korea.
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju 61186, Korea.
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40
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Ouyang J, Ding J, Lefebvre J, Li Z, Guo C, Kell AJ, Malenfant PRL. Sorting of Semiconducting Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes in Polar Solvents with an Amphiphilic Conjugated Polymer Provides General Guidelines for Enrichment. ACS NANO 2018; 12:1910-1919. [PMID: 29316402 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b08818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Conjugated polymer extraction (CPE) has been shown to be a highly effective method to isolate high-purity semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (sc-SWCNTs). In both literature reports and industrial manufacturing, this method has enabled enrichment of sc-SWCNTs with high purity (≥99.9%). High selectivity is typically obtained in nonpolar aromatic solvents, yet polar solvents may provide process improvements in terms of yield, purity and efficiency. Using an amphiphilic fluorene-alt-pyridine conjugated copolymer with hydrophilic side chains, we have investigated the enrichment of sc-SWCNTs in polar solvents. Various conditions such as polymer/SWCNT ratio, solvent polarity, solvent dielectric constant as well as polymer solubility and SWCNT dispersibility were explored in order to optimize the purity and yield of the enriched product. Herein, we provide insights on CPE by demonstrating that a conjugated polymer having a hydrophobic backbone and hydrophilic oligo(ethylene oxide) side chains provides near full recovery (95%) of sc-SWCNTs using a multiextraction protocol. High purity is also obtained, and differences in chiral selectivity compared to analogous hydrophobic systems were confirmed by optical absorption and Raman spectroscopy as well as photoluminescence excitation mapping. Taking into consideration the solvent dielectric constant, polarity index as well as polymer solubility and SWCNT dispersibility provides a better understanding of structure-property effects on sc-SWCNT enrichment. The resulting hydrophilic SWCNT dispersions demonstrate long-term colloidal stability, making them suitable for ink formulation and high-performance thin-film transistors fabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianying Ouyang
- Security and Disruptive Technologies Portfolio, National Research Council Canada , 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Jianfu Ding
- Security and Disruptive Technologies Portfolio, National Research Council Canada , 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Jacques Lefebvre
- Security and Disruptive Technologies Portfolio, National Research Council Canada , 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Zhao Li
- Security and Disruptive Technologies Portfolio, National Research Council Canada , 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Chang Guo
- Security and Disruptive Technologies Portfolio, National Research Council Canada , 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Arnold J Kell
- Security and Disruptive Technologies Portfolio, National Research Council Canada , 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Patrick R L Malenfant
- Security and Disruptive Technologies Portfolio, National Research Council Canada , 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
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41
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Chen J, Liu B, Gao X, Xu D. A review of the interfacial characteristics of polymer nanocomposites containing carbon nanotubes. RSC Adv 2018; 8:28048-28085. [PMID: 35542749 PMCID: PMC9083916 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra04205e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper provides an overview of recent advances in research on the interfacial characteristics of carbon nanotube–polymer nanocomposites. The state of knowledge about the chemical functionalization of carbon nanotubes as well as the interaction at the interface between the carbon nanotube and the polymer matrix is presented. The primary focus of this paper is on identifying the fundamental relationship between nanocomposite properties and interfacial characteristics. The progress, remaining challenges, and future directions of research are discussed. The latest developments of both microscopy and scattering techniques are reviewed, and their respective strengths and limitations are briefly discussed. The main methods available for the chemical functionalization of carbon nanotubes are summarized, and particular interest is given to evaluation of their advantages and disadvantages. The critical issues related to the interaction at the interface are discussed, and the important techniques for improving the properties of carbon nanotube–polymer nanocomposites are introduced. Additionally, the mechanism responsible for the interfacial interaction at the molecular level is briefly described. Furthermore, the mechanical, electrical, and thermal properties of the nanocomposites are discussed separately, and their influencing factors are briefly introduced. Finally, the current challenges and opportunities for efficiently translating the remarkable properties of carbon nanotubes to polymer matrices are summarized in the hopes of facilitating the development of this emerging area. Potential topics of oncoming focus are highlighted, and several suggestions concerning future research needs are also presented. The state of research on the characteristics at the interface in polymer nanocomposites is reviewed. Special emphasis is placed on the recent advances in the fundamental relationship between interfacial characteristics and nanocomposite properties.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Chen
- Department of Energy and Power Engineering
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering
- Henan Polytechnic University
- Jiaozuo
- China
| | - Baofang Liu
- Department of Energy and Power Engineering
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering
- Henan Polytechnic University
- Jiaozuo
- China
| | - Xuhui Gao
- Department of Energy and Power Engineering
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering
- Henan Polytechnic University
- Jiaozuo
- China
| | - Deguang Xu
- Department of Energy and Power Engineering
- School of Mechanical and Power Engineering
- Henan Polytechnic University
- Jiaozuo
- China
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42
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Khan A, Savi P, Quaranta S, Rovere M, Giorcelli M, Tagliaferro A, Rosso C, Jia CQ. Low-Cost Carbon Fillers to Improve Mechanical Properties and Conductivity of Epoxy Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:E642. [PMID: 30965942 PMCID: PMC6418987 DOI: 10.3390/polym9120642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, low-cost carbons derived from recycled materials have been gaining attention for their potentials as filler in composites and in other applications. The electrical and mechanical properties of polymer composites can be tuned using different percentages and different kind of fillers: either low-cost (e.g., carbon black), ecofriendly (e.g., biochar), or sophisticated (e.g., carbon nanotubes). In this work, the mechanical and electrical behavior of composites with biochar and multiwall carbon nanotubes dispersed in epoxy resin are compared. Superior mechanical properties (ultimate tensile strength, strain at break) were noticed at low heat-treated biochar (concentrations 2⁻4 wt %). Furthermore, dielectric properties in the microwave range comparable to low carbon nanotubes loadings can be achieved by employing larger but manageable amounts of biochar (20 wt %), rending the production of composites for structural and functional application cost-effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aamer Khan
- Department of Applied Science and Technology (DISAT), Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Torino, Italy.
| | - Patrizia Savi
- Department of Electronics and Telecommunication (DET), Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Torino, Italy.
| | - Simone Quaranta
- Faculty of Science, University of Ontario Institute of Technology (UOIT), Oshawa, ON L1H 7K4, Canada.
| | - Massimo Rovere
- Department of Applied Science and Technology (DISAT), Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Torino, Italy.
| | - Mauro Giorcelli
- Department of Applied Science and Technology (DISAT), Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Torino, Italy.
| | - Alberto Tagliaferro
- Department of Applied Science and Technology (DISAT), Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Torino, Italy.
| | - Carlo Rosso
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering (DIMEAS), Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Torino, Italy.
| | - Charles Q Jia
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E5, Canada.
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43
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Kahmann S, Salazar Rios JM, Zink M, Allard S, Scherf U, dos Santos MC, Brabec CJ, Loi MA. Excited-State Interaction of Semiconducting Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes with Their Wrapping Polymers. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:5666-5672. [PMID: 29099192 PMCID: PMC5694966 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b02553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We employ photoluminescence and pump-probe spectroscopy on films of semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) of different chirality wrapped with either a wide band gap polyfluorene derivative (PF12) or a polythiophene with narrower gap (P3DDT) to elucidate the excited states' interplay between the two materials. Excitation above the polymer band gap gives way to an ultrafast electron transfer from both polymers toward the CNTs. By monitoring the hole polaron on the polymer via its mid infrared signature, we show that also illumination below the polymer band gap leads to the formation of this fingerprint and infer that holes are also transferred toward the polymer. As this contradicts the standard way of discussing the involved energy levels, we propose that polymer-wrapped CNTs should be considered as a single hybrid system, exhibiting states shared between the two components. This proposition is validated through quantum chemical calculations that show hybridization of the first excited states, especially for the thiophene-CNT sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Kahmann
- Photophysics
and Opto Electronics Group, Zernike Institute of Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, NL-9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
- Institute
for Materials in Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Martensstraße 7, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jorge M. Salazar Rios
- Photophysics
and Opto Electronics Group, Zernike Institute of Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, NL-9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Matthias Zink
- Chemistry
Department and Institute for Polymer Technology, Wuppertal University, Gauss-Strae 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Sybille Allard
- Chemistry
Department and Institute for Polymer Technology, Wuppertal University, Gauss-Strae 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Ullrich Scherf
- Chemistry
Department and Institute for Polymer Technology, Wuppertal University, Gauss-Strae 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Maria C. dos Santos
- Photophysics
and Opto Electronics Group, Zernike Institute of Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, NL-9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Christoph J. Brabec
- Institute
for Materials in Electronics and Energy Technology (i-MEET), Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Martensstraße 7, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Bavarian
Center for Applied Energy Research (ZAE-Bayern), Immerwahrstraße 2, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Maria A. Loi
- Photophysics
and Opto Electronics Group, Zernike Institute of Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, NL-9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
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44
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Fong D, Adronov A. Recent developments in the selective dispersion of single-walled carbon nanotubes using conjugated polymers. Chem Sci 2017; 8:7292-7305. [PMID: 29163880 PMCID: PMC5672784 DOI: 10.1039/c7sc02942j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A significant barrier that impedes the commercialization of single-walled carbon nanotube-related applications is that all known synthetic methods produce a complicated mixture of semiconducting and metallic species. For device applications, pure semiconducting or pure metallic samples are desirable. Thus far, the purification methods that have been identified are capable of separating individual carbon nanotube species on a microgram scale, but purification on a large scale has remained elusive. The use of conjugated polymers to selectively disperse specific nanotube species is a promising approach to resolve the scalability issue, but a comprehensive understanding of the selectivity mechanism has not yet been achieved. Here, several of the trends reported in the literature are outlined to further the rational design of conjugated polymers for nanotube sorting. Numerous variables influence dispersion selectivity, including polymer structure and molecular weight, nanotube type used, sonication temperature, amount of polymer relative to nanotube, and solvent. We have organized these seemingly disparate parameters into two simple categories: conjugated polymer structure, and dispersion preparation conditions. Most importantly, we consider the mechanistic arguments that have been proposed, and provide additional insights based on the observations in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darryl Fong
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , McMaster University , 1280 Main St. W. , Hamilton , ON , Canada .
| | - Alex Adronov
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , McMaster University , 1280 Main St. W. , Hamilton , ON , Canada .
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45
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Setaro A. Advanced carbon nanotubes functionalization. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2017; 29:423003. [PMID: 28745302 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aa8248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Similar to graphene, carbon nanotubes are materials made of pure carbon in its sp2 form. Their extended conjugated π-network provides them with remarkable quantum optoelectronic properties. Frustratingly, it also brings drawbacks. The π-π stacking interaction makes as-produced tubes bundle together, blurring all their quantum properties. Functionalization aims at modifying and protecting the tubes while hindering π-π stacking. Several functionalization strategies have been developed to circumvent this limitation in order for nanotubes applications to thrive. In this review, we summarize the different approaches established so far, emphasizing the balance between functionalization efficacy and the preservation of the tubes' properties. Much attention will be given to a functionalization strategy overcoming the covalent-noncovalent dichotomy and to the implementation of two advanced functionalization schemes: (a) conjugation with molecular switches, to yield hybrid nanosystems with chemo-physical properties that can be tuned in a controlled and reversible way, and; (b) plasmonic nanosystems, whose ability to concentrate and enhance the electromagnetic fields can be taken advantage of to enhance the optical response of the tubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Setaro
- Department of Physics, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195, Berlin
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46
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Lefebvre J, Ding J, Li Z, Finnie P, Lopinski G, Malenfant PRL. High-Purity Semiconducting Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes: A Key Enabling Material in Emerging Electronics. Acc Chem Res 2017; 50:2479-2486. [PMID: 28902990 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.7b00234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes (sc-SWCNTs) are emerging as a promising material for high-performance, high-density devices as well as low-cost, large-area macroelectronics produced via additive manufacturing methods such as roll-to-roll printing. Proof-of-concept demonstrations have indicated the potential of sc-SWCNTs for digital electronics, radiofrequency circuits, radiation hard memory, improved sensors, and flexible, stretchable, conformable electronics. Advances toward commercial applications bring numerous opportunities in SWCNT materials development and characterization as well as fabrication processes and printing technologies. Commercialization in electronics will require large quantities of sc-SWCNTs, and the challenge for materials science is the development of scalable synthesis, purification, and enrichment methods. While a few synthesis routes have shown promising results in making near-monochiral SWCNTs, gram quantities are available only for small-diameter sc-SWCNTs, which underperform in transistors. Most synthesis routes yield mixtures of SWCNTs, typically 30% metallic and 70% semiconducting, necessitating the extraction of sc-SWCNTs from their metallic counterparts in high purity using scalable postsynthetic methods. Numerous routes to obtain high-purity sc-SWCNTs from raw soot have been developed, including density-gradient ultracentrifugation, chromatography, aqueous two-phase extraction, and selective DNA or polymer wrapping. By these methods (termed sorting or enrichment), >99% sc-SWCNT content can be achieved. Currently, all of these approaches have drawbacks and limitations with respect to electronics applications, such as excessive dilution, expensive consumables, and high ionic impurity content. Excess amount of dispersant is a common challenge that hinders direct inclusion of sc-SWCNTs into electronic devices. At present, conjugated polymer extraction may represent the most practical route to sc-SWCNTs. By the use of polymers with a π-conjugated backbone, sc-SWCNTs with >99.9% purity can be dispersed in organic solvents via a simple sonication and centrifugation process. With 1000 times less excipient and the flexibility to accommodate a broad range of solvents via diverse polymer constructs, inks are readily deployable in solution-based fabrication processes such as aerosol spray, inkjet, and gravure. Further gains in sc-SWCNT purity, among other attributes, are possible with a better understanding of the structure-property relationships that govern conjugated polymer extraction. This Account covers three interlinked topics in SWCNT electronics: metrology, enrichment, and SWCNT transistors fabricated via solution processes. First, we describe how spectroscopic techniques such as optical absorption, fluorescence, and Raman spectroscopy are applied for sc-SWCNT purity assessment. Stringent requirements for sc-SWCNTs in electronics are pushing the techniques to new levels while serving as an important driver toward the development of quantitative metrology. Next, we highlight recent progress in understanding the sc-SWCNT enrichment process using conjugated polymers, with special consideration given to the effect of doping on the mechanism. Finally, developments in sc-SWCNT-based electronics are described, with emphasis on the performance of transistors utilizing random networks of sc-SWCNTs as the semiconducting channel material. Challenges and advances associated with using polymer-based dielectrics in the unique context of sc-SWCNT transistors are presented. Such transistor packages have enabled the realization of fully printed transistors as well as transparent and even stretchable transistors as a result of the unique and excellent electrical and mechanical properties of sc-SWCNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacques Lefebvre
- National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0R6
| | - Jianfu Ding
- National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0R6
| | - Zhao Li
- National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0R6
| | - Paul Finnie
- National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0R6
| | - Gregory Lopinski
- National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0R6
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47
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Bisri SZ, Shimizu S, Nakano M, Iwasa Y. Endeavor of Iontronics: From Fundamentals to Applications of Ion-Controlled Electronics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1607054. [PMID: 28582588 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201607054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Iontronics is a newly emerging interdisciplinary concept which bridges electronics and ionics, covering electrochemistry, solid-state physics, electronic engineering, and biological sciences. The recent developments of electronic devices are highlighted, based on electric double layers formed at the interface between ionic conductors (but electronically insulators) and various electronic conductors including organics and inorganics (oxides, chalcogenide, and carbon-based materials). Particular attention is devoted to electric-double-layer transistors (EDLTs), which are producing a significant impact, particularly in electrical control of phase transitions, including superconductivity, which has been difficult or impossible in conventional all-solid-state electronic devices. Besides that, the current state of the art and the future challenges of iontronics are also reviewed for many applications, including flexible electronics, healthcare-related devices, and energy harvesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satria Zulkarnaen Bisri
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Sunao Shimizu
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Masaki Nakano
- Quantum Phase Electronic Center (QPEC) and Department of Applied Physics, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Iwasa
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
- Quantum Phase Electronic Center (QPEC) and Department of Applied Physics, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
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48
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Derenskyi V, Gomulya W, Talsma W, Salazar-Rios JM, Fritsch M, Nirmalraj P, Riel H, Allard S, Scherf U, Loi MA. On-Chip Chemical Self-Assembly of Semiconducting Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (SWNTs): Toward Robust and Scale Invariant SWNTs Transistors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1606757. [PMID: 28378326 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201606757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, the fabrication of carbon nanotubes field effect transistors by chemical self-assembly of semiconducting single walled carbon nanotubes (s-SWNTs) on prepatterned substrates is demonstrated. Polyfluorenes derivatives have been demonstrated to be effective in selecting s-SWNTs from raw mixtures. In this work the authors functionalized the polymer with side chains containing thiols, to obtain chemical self-assembly of the selected s-SWNTs on substrates with prepatterned gold electrodes. The authors show that the full side functionalization of the conjugated polymer with thiol groups partially disrupts the s-SWNTs selection, with the presence of metallic tubes in the dispersion. However, the authors determine that the selectivity can be recovered either by tuning the number of thiol groups in the polymer, or by modulating the polymer/SWNTs proportions. As demonstrated by optical and electrical measurements, the polymer containing 2.5% of thiol groups gives the best s-SWNT purity. Field-effect transistors with various channel lengths, using networks of SWNTs and individual tubes, are fabricated by direct chemical self-assembly of the SWNTs/thiolated-polyfluorenes on substrates with lithographically defined electrodes. The network devices show superior performance (mobility up to 24 cm2 V-1 s-1 ), while SWNTs devices based on individual tubes show an unprecedented (100%) yield for working devices. Importantly, the SWNTs assembled by mean of the thiol groups are stably anchored to the substrate and are resistant to external perturbation as sonication in organic solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Derenskyi
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen, 9747, AG, The Netherlands
| | - Widianta Gomulya
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen, 9747, AG, The Netherlands
| | - Wytse Talsma
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen, 9747, AG, The Netherlands
| | - Jorge Mario Salazar-Rios
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen, 9747, AG, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Fritsch
- Chemistry Department and Institute for Polymer Technology, Wuppertal University, Gauss-Str. 20, D-42119, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Peter Nirmalraj
- IBM Research - Zürich, Säumerstrasse 4, CH-8803, Rüschlikon, Switzerland
| | - Heike Riel
- IBM Research - Zürich, Säumerstrasse 4, CH-8803, Rüschlikon, Switzerland
| | - Sybille Allard
- Chemistry Department and Institute for Polymer Technology, Wuppertal University, Gauss-Str. 20, D-42119, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Ullrich Scherf
- Chemistry Department and Institute for Polymer Technology, Wuppertal University, Gauss-Str. 20, D-42119, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Maria A Loi
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, Groningen, 9747, AG, The Netherlands
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49
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Zhu J, Hersam MC. Assembly and Electronic Applications of Colloidal Nanomaterials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1603895. [PMID: 27862354 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201603895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Artificial solids and thin films assembled from colloidal nanomaterials give rise to versatile properties that can be exploited in a range of technologies. In particular, solution-based processes allow for the large-scale and low-cost production of nanoelectronics on rigid or mechanically flexible substrates. To achieve this goal, several processing steps require careful consideration, including nanomaterial synthesis or exfoliation, purification, separation, assembly, hybrid integration, and device testing. Using a ubiquitous electronic device - the field-effect transistor - as a platform, colloidal nanomaterials in three electronic material categories are reviewed systematically: semiconductors, conductors, and dielectrics. The resulting comparative analysis reveals promising opportunities and remaining challenges for colloidal nanomaterials in electronic applications, thereby providing a roadmap for future research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, Illinois, 60208-3108, USA
| | - Mark C Hersam
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, 2220 Campus Drive, Evanston, Illinois, 60208-3108, USA
- Graduate Program in Applied Physics, Department of Chemistry, Department of Medicine, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208-3108, USA
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50
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Liu G, Miyake Y, Komatsu N. Nanocalipers as novel molecular scaffolds for carbon nanotubes. Org Chem Front 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7qo00158d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Nanocalipers were synthesized by connecting directly the five aromatic moieties including two receptors, two corners and a core, and found to discriminate the diameter, metallicity and handedness of carbon nanotubes through selective complexation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Liu
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies
- Kyoto University
- Sakyo-ku
- Japan
| | - Yuya Miyake
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies
- Kyoto University
- Sakyo-ku
- Japan
| | - Naoki Komatsu
- Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies
- Kyoto University
- Sakyo-ku
- Japan
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