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Feng L, Xiang Y, Li Z, Li Q, Dong H, Yan S, Xu B, Hou J. Non-Ionic Perylene-Diimide Polymer as Universal Cathode Interlayer for Conventional, Inverted, and Blade-Coated Organic Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202410857. [PMID: 39073201 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202410857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2024] [Revised: 07/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
As a class of predominantly used cathode interlayers (CILs) in organic solar cells (OSCs), perylene-diimide (PDI)-based polymers exhibit intriguing characteristics of excellent charge transporting capacity and suitable energy levels. Despite that, PDI-based CILs with satisfied film-forming ability and adequate solvent resistance are rather rare, which not only limits the further advance of OSC performances but also hinders the practical use of PDI CILs. Herein, we designed and synthesized two non-conjugated PDI polymers for achieving high power conversion efficiency (PCE) in diverse types of OSCs. The utilization of oligo (ethylene glycol) (OEG) linkage enhanced the n-doping effect of PDI polymers, leading to an improved ability of the CIL to reduce work function and improve electron transporting capability. Moreover, the introduction of the non-ionic OEG chain effectively improve the wetting property and solvent resistance of PDI polymers, so the PPDINN CIL can withstand diverse processing conditions in fabricating different OSCs, including conventional, inverted and blade-coated devices. The binary OSC with conventional structure using PPDINN CIL showed a PCE of 18.6 %, along with an improved device stability. Besides, PPDINN is compatible with the large-area blade-coating technique, and a PCE of 16.6 % was achieved in the 1-cm2 OSC where a blade-coated PPDINN was used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luxin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Yanhe Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Zhe Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Qingyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Hongliang Dong
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Pudong, Shanghai, 201203, P.R. China
| | - Shouke Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Bowei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Jianhui Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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Li J, Wang H, Tong Y, Li Z, Wei Z, Cheng Y, An C, Xu B. Achieving High Doping Density in pH-neutral Conjugated Polyelectrolyte Toward Effective Hole-Transporting Materials for Organic Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2409885. [PMID: 39400945 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202409885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2024] [Revised: 09/13/2024] [Indexed: 10/15/2024]
Abstract
The lack of effective and non-corrosive hole-transporting layer (HTL) materials has remained a long-standing issue that severely restricts the performance of organic solar cells (OSCs). Most pH-neutral conjugated polyelectrolytes (CPEs) exhibit inferior performance to the acid-doped HTL materials due to their low doping density. In this study, a series of pH-neutral CPEs is designed and synthesized with high doping density as HTL materials. Through an elaborate synthetic route, two sulfonate-terminating alkoxyl side chains can be introduced into thiophene, by which the electron-rich, highly soluble, and chemically stable thiophene monomer is synthesized to enable the subsequent polymerization. The CPE PTT-F exhibit a remarkable self-doping property with an enhanced doping density from 2.01 × 1017 to 7.02 × 1018 cm-3. The high work function and the increased doping density of PTT-F-based HTL decrease the depletion region width from 38.4 to 8.1 nm at the anode interface, which minimized the energy loss in hole transport. Consequently, a binary OSC modified by PTT-F-based HTL achieve a high PCE of 18.8%. To the best of the knowledge, this is the highest PCE for OSC employing CPE-based HTL. The results from this work demonstrate an encouraging achievement of realizing exceptional hole collection ability in pH-neutral CPEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - He Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Yao Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Zhe Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Zhengrong Wei
- School of Physics, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Cheng
- School of Physics, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430072, P. R. China
| | - Cunbin An
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices, Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
| | - Bowei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
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Wu J, Li Y, Tang F, Guo Y, Liu G, Wu S, Hu B, Fu Y, Lu X, Lu G, He Z, Zhu X, Peng X. Beyond Conventional Enhancements: Self-Organization of a Buffer Material on Tin Oxide as a Game-Changer for Improving the Performance of Inverted Organic Solar Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2404066. [PMID: 38837665 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202404066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Inverted organic solar cells (OSCs) have garnered significant interest due to their remarkable stability. In this study, the efficiency and stability of inverted OSCs are enhanced via the in situ self-organization (SO) of an interfacial modification material Phen-NaDPO onto tin oxide (SnO2). During the device fabrication, Phen-NaDPO is spin-coated with the active materials all together on SnO2. Driven by the interactions with SnO2 and the thermodynamic forces due to its high surface energy and the convection flow, Phen-NaDPO spontaneously migrates to the SnO2 interface, resulting in the formation of an in situ modification layer on SnO2. This self-organization of Phen-NaDPO not only effectively reduces the work function of SnO2, but also enhances the ordered molecular stacking and manipulates the vertical morphology of the active layer, which suppress the surface trap-assisted recombination and minimize the charge extraction. As a result, the SO devices based on PM6:Y6 exhibit significantly improved photovoltaic performance with an enhanced power conversion efficiency of 17.62%. Moreover, the stability of the SO device is also improved. Furthermore, the SO ternary devices based on PM6:D18:L8-BO achieved an impressive PCE of 18.87%, standing as one of the highest values for single-junction inverted organic solar cells to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jifa Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy & Information Polymer Materials, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Yumeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy & Information Polymer Materials, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Feng Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy & Information Polymer Materials, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Yinchun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy & Information Polymer Materials, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Guoqiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy & Information Polymer Materials, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Shaoguang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy & Information Polymer Materials, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Bin Hu
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, and State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Yuang Fu
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Xinhui Lu
- Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Guanghao Lu
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, and State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Zhicai He
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy & Information Polymer Materials, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Xuhui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy & Information Polymer Materials, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Xiaobin Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Energy & Information Polymer Materials, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, 510640, China
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Tang H, Bai Y, Zhao H, Qin X, Hu Z, Zhou C, Huang F, Cao Y. Interface Engineering for Highly Efficient Organic Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2212236. [PMID: 36867581 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202212236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Organic solar cells (OSCs) have made dramatic advancements during the past decades owing to the innovative material design and device structure optimization, with power conversion efficiencies surpassing 19% and 20% for single-junction and tandem devices, respectively. Interface engineering, by modifying interface properties between different layers for OSCs, has become a vital part to promote the device efficiency. It is essential to elucidate the intrinsic working mechanism of interface layers, as well as the related physical and chemical processes that manipulate device performance and long-term stability. In this article, the advances in interface engineering aimed to pursue high-performance OSCs are reviewed. The specific functions and corresponding design principles of interface layers are summarized first. Then, the anode interface layer, cathode interface layer in single-junction OSCs, and interconnecting layer of tandem devices are discussed in separate categories, and the interface engineering-related improvements on device efficiency and stability are analyzed. Finally, the challenges and prospects associated with application of interface engineering are discussed with the emphasis on large-area, high-performance, and low-cost device manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Tang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology (SCUT), Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Yuanqing Bai
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology (SCUT), Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Haiyang Zhao
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology (SCUT), Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Xudong Qin
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology (SCUT), Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Zhicheng Hu
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology (SCUT), Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Cheng Zhou
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology (SCUT), Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Fei Huang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology (SCUT), Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Yong Cao
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology (SCUT), Guangzhou, 510640, China
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Wang H, Liu S, Yang Y, Li H, Wei Z, Cheng Y, Hou J, Xu B. Reducing the Depletion Region Width at the Anode Interface via a Highly Doped Conjugated Polyelectrolyte Composite for Efficient Organic Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:3744-3754. [PMID: 38224058 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c15126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
In the realm of organic solar cells (OSCs), the width of the depletion region at the anode interface is a critical factor that adversely impacts the open-circuit voltage (Voc) and the power conversion efficiency (PCE). To address this challenge, a novel approach involving a conjugated polyelectrolyte (CPE)-based composite, PCP-2F-Li:POM, has been developed. This composite serves as a solution-processed hole transport layer (HTL), effectively minimizing the depletion region width in high-performance OSCs. The innovative aspect of PCP-2F-Li:POM lies in its "mutual doping" mechanism. Polyoxometalate (POM) is utilized as a dopant, facilitating the formation of p-doped CPE and n-doped POM within the composite. This results in a substantial increase in doping density, nearly 2 orders of magnitude higher than that observed in unmodified CPE. Consequently, the width of depletion region is markedly reduced, shrinking from 76.4 to 6.0 nm. This reduction plays a pivotal role in enhancing hole transport via the tunneling effect. The practical impact of this development is notable. It leads to an increase in Voc from 0.84 to 0.86 V, thereby contributing significantly to an impressive PCE of 18.04% in OSCs. Moreover, the compatibility of PCP-2F-Li:POM with large-area processing techniques underscores its potential as a viable HTL material for future practical applications. Additionally, its contribution to the enhanced long-term stability of OSCs further bolsters its suitability for practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Shuyan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Hao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Zhengrong Wei
- School of Physics, Hubei University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Cheng
- School of Physics, Hubei University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Jianhui Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Bowei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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Schmidt M, Karg M, Thelakkat M, Brendel JC. Correlating Molar Mass, π-Conjugation, and Optical Properties of Narrowly Distributed Anionic Polythiophenes in Aqueous Solutions. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024; 45:e2300396. [PMID: 37533353 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Polythiophene-based conjugated polyelectrolytes (CPE) are attracting increasing attention as sensor or interface materials in chemistry and biology. While cationic polythiophenes are better understood, limited structural information is available on their anionic counterparts. Limited access to well-defined polymers has made the study of structure-property relationships difficult and clear correlations have remained elusive. By combining controlled Kumada catalyst transfer polymerization with a polymer-analog substitution, regioregular and narrowly distributed poly(6-(thiophen-3-yl)hexane-1-sulfonate)s (PTHS) with tailored chain length are prepared. Analysis of their aqueous solution structures by small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) revealed a cylindrical conformation for all polymers tested, with a length close to the contour length of the polymer chains, while the estimated radii remain too small (<1.5 nm) for extensive π-stacking of the chains. The latter is particularly interesting as the longest polymer exhibits a concentration-independent structured absorption typical of crystalline polythiophenes. Increasing the ionic strength of the solution diminishes these features as the Coulomb repulsion between the charged repeat units is shielded, allowing the polymer to adopt a more coiled conformation. The extended π-conjugation, therefore, appears to be a key parameter for these unique optical features, which are not present in the corresponding cationic polythiophenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Schmidt
- Applied Functional Polymers (AFUPO), University of Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Matthias Karg
- Physical Chemistry I, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Mukundan Thelakkat
- Applied Functional Polymers (AFUPO), University of Bayreuth, 95440, Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Johannes C Brendel
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Humboldtstraße 10, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743, Jena, Germany
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Xiang Y, Xu B, Li Y. Solution-Processed Semiconductor Materials as Cathode Interlayers for Organic Solar Cells. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2304673. [PMID: 37882326 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202304673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Cathode interlayers (CILs) play a crucial role in improving the photovoltaic efficiency and stability of OSCs. CILs generally consists of two kinds of materials, interfacial dipole-based CILs and SPS-based CILs. With good charge transporting ability, excellent compatibility with large-area processing methods, and highly tunable optoelectronic properties, the SPS-based CILs exhibit remarkable superiorities to their interfacial dipole-based counterparts in practical use, making them promising candidate in developing efficient CILs for OSCs. This mini-review highlights the great potential of SPS-based CILs in OSC applications and elucidates the working mechanism and material design strategy of SPS materials. Afterward, the SPS-based CIL materials are summarized and discussed in four sections, including organic small molecules, conjugated polymers, nonconjugated polymers, and TMOs. The structure-property-performance relationship of SPS-based CIL materials is revealed, which may provide readers new insight into the molecular design of SPS-based CILs. The mechanisms to endow SPS-based CILs with thickness insensitivity, resistance to environmental erosion, and photo-electric conversion ability are also elucidated. Finally, after a brief summary, the remaining issues and the prospects of SPS-based CILs are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhe Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Bowei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Ying Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing, 402160, P. R. China
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Sun L, Chen Y, Sun M, Zheng Y. Organic Solar Cells: Physical Principle and Recent Advances. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202300006. [PMID: 36594570 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Organic solar cells (OSC) based on organic semiconductor materials that convert solar energy into electric energy have been constantly developing at present, and also an effective way to solve the energy crisis and reduce carbon emissions. In the past several decades, efforts have been made to improve the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of OSCs. During this period, a variety of structural and material forms of OSCs have evolved. Commercializing OSCs, extending their service life and exploring their future development are promising but challenging. In this review, we first briefly introduce the development of OSCs and then summarize and analyze the working principle, performance parameters, and structural features of OSCs. Finally, we highlight some breakthrough related to OSCs in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichun Sun
- School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Mudanjiang Normal University, Mudanjiang, 157011, P. R. China
| | - Yichuan Chen
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R China
| | - Mengtao Sun
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R China
| | - Youjin Zheng
- School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Mudanjiang Normal University, Mudanjiang, 157011, P. R. China
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Liu Y, Russell TP. Electroactive Ionenes: Efficient Interlayer Materials in Organic Photovoltaics. Acc Chem Res 2022; 55:1097-1108. [PMID: 35188380 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.1c00749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
ConspectusOrganic photovoltaics (OPVs) have the advantages of being lightweight, mechanically flexible, and solution-processable over large areas, and for decades, they have been the focus of the academic and industrial communities. Recent progress in the design of high-performance organic semiconductors and device optimization has promoted solar cell efficiencies of up to 19%, showing great promise for commercialization. Optimally designed OPVs are achieved using a bicontinuous interpenetrating network of donor and acceptor materials in between two charge-collecting electrodes. Charge extraction and transport between metal electrodes and organic semiconductors are crucial to device operation. The energy-level mismatch when metal electrodes and organic semiconductors are in contact usually induces additional energy barriers and resultant inefficient charge transport and collection, leading to charge carrier recombination at the interface and inferior device performance. To align energy levels at the interface, interlayer materials and their integration into devices have emerged as a widely used strategy to promote the performance of solar cell devices. Interlayer materials have the ability to modify the work functions (WFs) of metal electrodes, holding the potential to enhance the built-in electrostatic field (Vbi) of the devices and suppress the charge recombination loss, which is beneficial to improving the open circuit voltage (VOC), short circuit current density (JSC), and fill factor (FF) of the solar cells.Organic interlayer materials have recently come into focus for fundamental study and practical development because of their diverse molecular design and superior solution processability. Tremendous effort has been devoted to exploring novel organic interlayer materials to achieve all-solution-processed multilayer solar cells. Such interlayer materials usually have orthogonal solubilities relative to the photoactive layer materials, working as multifunctional interfacial layers to manipulate the mechanical and electrical contacts in solar cell devices. Ionenes are a unique class of polyelectrolytes wherein the ionic species reside within the polymer backbone rather than as pendant groups. In ionenes, the charge density is high in comparison to that of other polyelectrolytes, and the periodicity of the charges is easily controlled, providing a tunable density of dipole moments. Ionenes can be readily synthesized from 3° diamines and α,ω-dihaloalkanes to generate polymer chains of ammonium cations connected by flexible hydrocarbon linkages with mobile anions. However, the requisite building blocks of ionenes are not limited to such molecules. Recent advances in combining ionenes with conjugated molecules to generate electroactive ionenes have catalyzed a great amount of interest in such polymers for organic electronic devices.In this Account, we first introduce the molecular design and synthesis of electroactive ionenes. Following this, we will discuss the mechanism and effect of ionenes on the modification of metal electrodes. We then review the strategies for controlling the morphology of ionene interlayers. Finally, we compare the doping effect, conductivity, and charge transport of some representative ionenes and their performance as interlayers in solar cell devices. We present our current understanding based on recent progress and outstanding issues of interlayer materials in OPVs and to propose future directions and opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Thomas P. Russell
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
- Polymer Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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Roles of Interfacial Modifiers in Inorganic Titania/Organic Poly(3-hexylthiophene) Heterojunction Hybrid Solar Cells. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12050820. [PMID: 35269308 PMCID: PMC8912453 DOI: 10.3390/nano12050820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Hybrid Titanium dioxide/Poly(3-hexylthiophene) heterojunction solar cells have gained research interest as they have the potential to become cost-effective solar technology in the future. Limited power conversion efficiencies of about 5-6% have been reported so far, and an enhancement in efficiency was achieved through the engineering of the interface between Titanium dioxide (TiO2) and Poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT). Evolution of this solar cell technology is relatively slow-moving due to the complex features of the metal oxide-polymer system and the limited understanding of the technology. In this review, we focus on recent developments in interface modified hybrid Titanium dioxide/Poly(3-hexylthiophene) solar cells, provide a short discussion on the working principle, device structure with interface modifiers, and summarize various types of interface modifiers studied to enhance the photovoltaic performance of hybrid TiO2/P3HT heterojunction solar cells. Further, we discuss the key factors influencing the power conversion efficiency and the role of a variety of interface modifiers in this regard. Finally, the challenges and perspectives related to hybrid TiO2/P3HT heterojunction solar cells are also explored.
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Salma SA, Kim JH. Effect of the Side Chain Functionality of the Conjugated Polyelectrolytes as a Cathode Interlayer Material on the Photovoltaic Performances. Macromol Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13233-022-0011-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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12
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Bi P, Zhang S, Wang J, Ren J, Hou J. Progress in Organic Solar Cells: Materials, Physics and Device Engineering. CHINESE J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202000666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pengqing Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular, Sciences CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Shaoqing Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Biology Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China
| | - Jingwen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular, Sciences CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Junzhen Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular, Sciences CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Jianhui Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular, Sciences CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
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13
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Pıravadılı S, Doyranlı C, Altınısık S, Bilgili H, Canımkurbey B, Koyuncu S. Fluorene‐based
donor‐acceptor‐
type multifunctional polymer with bicarbazole pendant moiety for optoelectronic applications. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Selin Pıravadılı
- Materials Institute The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) ‐ Marmara Research Center (MAM) Gebze Turkey
| | - Ceylan Doyranlı
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences Yıldız Technical University Istanbul Turkey
| | - Sinem Altınısık
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University Canakkale Turkey
| | - Hakan Bilgili
- Central Research Laboratories Izmir Katip Celebi University İzmir Turkey
| | - Betül Canımkurbey
- S. Şerefeddin Health Services Vocational School Amasya University Amasya Turkey
- Central Research Laboratory Amasya University Amasya Turkey
| | - Sermet Koyuncu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University Canakkale Turkey
- Department of Energy Resources and Management Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University Çanakkale Turkey
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14
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Chevrier M, Kesters J, Houston JE, Van den Brande N, Chambon S, Richeter S, Van Mele B, Arnold T, Mehdi A, Lazzaroni R, Dubois P, Evans RC, Maes W, Clément S. Phosphonium‐based polythiophene conjugated polyelectrolytes with different surfactant counterions: thermal properties, self‐assembly and photovoltaic performances. POLYM INT 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.6088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michèle Chevrier
- ICGM, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM Montpellier France
- Service des Matériaux Polymères et Composites (SMPC), Centre d'Innovation et de Recherche en Matériaux et Polymères (CIRMAP), Université de Mons – UMONS Mons Belgium
| | - Jurgen Kesters
- UHasselt – Hasselt University, Institute for Materials Research (IMO), Design and Synthesis of Organic Semiconductors (DSOS) Diepenbeek Belgium
| | - Judith E Houston
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS) at the Heinz Maier‐Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Garching Germany
| | - Niko Van den Brande
- Physical Chemistry and Polymer Science (FYSC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB) Brussels Belgium
| | - Sylvain Chambon
- Univ. Bordeaux, IMS, CNRS, UMR 5218, Bordeaux INP, ENSCBP Talence France
| | | | - Bruno Van Mele
- Physical Chemistry and Polymer Science (FYSC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB) Brussels Belgium
| | - Thomas Arnold
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus Didcot UK
- European Spallation Source ERIC Lund Sweden
- Department of Chemistry University of Bath Bath UK
- ISIS Neutron and Muon Source, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Didcot UK
| | - Ahmad Mehdi
- ICGM, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM Montpellier France
| | - Roberto Lazzaroni
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, CIRMAP University of Mons – UMONS Mons Belgium
| | - Philippe Dubois
- Service des Matériaux Polymères et Composites (SMPC), Centre d'Innovation et de Recherche en Matériaux et Polymères (CIRMAP), Université de Mons – UMONS Mons Belgium
| | - Rachel C Evans
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
| | - Wouter Maes
- UHasselt – Hasselt University, Institute for Materials Research (IMO), Design and Synthesis of Organic Semiconductors (DSOS) Diepenbeek Belgium
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15
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Bakeshlou Z, Nikfarjam N. Thermoregulating Papers Containing Fabricated Microencapsulated Phase Change Materials through Pickering Emulsion Templating. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.0c03194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zeynab Bakeshlou
- Polymer Division, Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences, Zanjan 4513766731, Iran
| | - Nasser Nikfarjam
- Polymer Division, Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences, Zanjan 4513766731, Iran
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16
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Yang Y, Kang Q, Liao Q, Zheng Z, He C, Xu B, Hou J. Inorganic Molecular Clusters with Facile Preparation and Neutral pH for Efficient Hole Extraction in Organic Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:39462-39470. [PMID: 32805890 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c08671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The development of electrode interlayers for hole extraction is a great challenge in the field of organic solar cells (OSCs). At present, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) is the only solution-processed anode interlayer (AIL) that can be used to achieve power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) over 15% in OSC devices, even though there are several well-known drawbacks in practical applications of PEDOT:PSS. Herein, we use an inorganic molecular cluster (IMC) as the AIL for making highly efficient and large-area OSCs. The IMC possesses several advantages in serving as the AIL, such as neutral pH, excellent optical transmittance, high work function, good film-forming properties, and low cost. OSCs using the IMC can achieve a high PCE of 13.38%, which is superior to the PCE of the PEDOT:PSS device. This is among the few examples of OSC devices with solution-processed and pH neutral AILs showing higher PCE than PEDOT:PSS devices. Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy and electron spin resonance results indicate the formation of inorganic-organic heterojunction, which is crucial for efficient hole extraction. More importantly, the IMC is compatible with printing processing. Using a blade-coated IMC film, we fabricated a large-area OSC of 1 cm2 and a high PCE of 9.5% was achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Qian Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Qing Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zhong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Chang He
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Bowei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Jianhui Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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17
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Gu Y, Liu Y, Russell TP. Fullerene‐Based Interlayers for Breaking Energy Barriers in Organic Solar Cells. Chempluschem 2020; 85:751-759. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202000082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Gu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource EngineeringBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 P. R. China
| | - Yao Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource EngineeringBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 P. R. China
| | - Thomas P. Russell
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource EngineeringBeijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing 100029 P. R. China
- Polymer Science and Engineering DepartmentUniversity of Massachusetts Amherst 120 Governors Drive Amherst MA 01003 USA
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18
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Wu Y, Liu Y, Emrick T, Russell TP. Polymer design to promote low work function surfaces in organic electronics. Prog Polym Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2020.101222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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19
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Lee SH, Ko SJ, Eom SH, Kim H, Kim DW, Lee C, Yoon SC. Composite Interlayer Consisting of Alcohol-Soluble Polyfluorene and Carbon Nanotubes for Efficient Polymer Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:14244-14253. [PMID: 32075367 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b22933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of composite interlayers using alcohol-soluble polyfluorene (ASP)-wrapped single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) and their application as electron-transport layers for efficient organic solar cells. The ASP enables the individual dispersion of SWNTs in solution. The ASP-wrapped SWNT solutions are stable for 54 days without any aggregation or precipitation, indicating their very high dispersion stability. Using the ASP-wrapped SWNTs as a cathode interlayer on zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs), a power conversion efficiency of 9.45% is obtained in PTB7-th:PC71BM-based organic solar cells, which is mainly attributed to the improvement in the short circuit current. Performance enhancements of 18 and 17% are achieved compared to those of pure ZnO NPs and ASP on ZnO NPs, respectively. In addition, the composite interlayer is applied to non-fullerene-based photovoltaics with PM6:Y6, resulting in a power conversion efficiency of up to 14.37%. The type of SWNT (e.g., in terms of diameter range and length) is not critical to the improvement in the charge-transport properties. A low density of SWNTs in the film (∼1 SWNTs/μm2 for ASP-wrapped SWNTs) has a significant influence on the charge transport in solar cells. The improvement in the performance of the solar cell is attributed to the increased internal quantum efficiency, balanced mobility between electrons and holes, and minimized charge recombination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Hoon Lee
- Division of Advanced Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141Gajeong-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 305-600, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo-Jin Ko
- Division of Advanced Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141Gajeong-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 305-600, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hun Eom
- Division of Advanced Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141Gajeong-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 305-600, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjin Kim
- Division of Advanced Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141Gajeong-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 305-600, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Wook Kim
- Division of Advanced Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141Gajeong-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 305-600, Republic of Korea
| | - Changjin Lee
- Division of Advanced Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141Gajeong-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 305-600, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Cheol Yoon
- Division of Advanced Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, 141Gajeong-Ro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 305-600, Republic of Korea
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20
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Liao Q, Kang Q, Yang Y, An C, Xu B, Hou J. Tailoring and Modifying an Organic Electron Acceptor toward the Cathode Interlayer for Highly Efficient Organic Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1906557. [PMID: 31880003 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201906557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
With the rapid advance of organic photovoltaic materials, the energy level structure, active layer morphology, and fabrication procedure of organic solar cells (OSCs) are changed significantly. Thus, the photoelectronic properties of many traditional electrode interlayers have become unsuitable for modifying new active layers; this limits the further enhancement in OSC efficiencies. Herein, a new design strategy of tailoring the end-capping unit, ITIC, to develop a cathode interlayer (CIL) material for achieving high power conversion efficiency (PCE) in OSCs is demonstrated. The excellent electron accepting capacity, suitable energy level, and good film-forming ability endow the S-3 molecule with an outstanding electron extraction property. A device with S-3 shows a PCE of 16.6%, which is among the top values in the field of OSCs. More importantly, it is demonstrated that the electrostatic potential difference between the CIL molecule and the polymer donor plays a crucial role in promoting exciton dissociation at the CIL/active layer interface, contributing to additional charge generation; this is crucial for enhancement of the current density. The results of this work not only develop a new design strategy for high-performance CIL, but also demonstrate a reliable approach of density functional theory (DFT) calculation to predict the effect of the CIL chemical structure on exciton dissociation in OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Qian Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Cunbin An
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Bowei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Jianhui Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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21
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Liu X, Nie W, Tu D, Guo X, Li C. 2D Conjugated Polyelectrolytes Possessing Identical Backbone with Active-Layer Polymer as Cathode Interlayer for Organic Solar Cells. Macromol Rapid Commun 2020; 41:e1900624. [PMID: 31977130 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201900624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A 2D conjugated polyelectrolyte (CPE), PBDTTh-TT-NBr, having the same backbone as the highly efficient donor polymer PTB7-Th and the quaternary ammonium pendant, is synthesized as a cathode interlayer (CIL) material for PTB7-Th-based fullerene and non-fullerene solar cells. The quaternary ammonium group is connected to the 2D conjugated backbone by a long, flexible alkyl chain, facilitating the modification of cathode via forming interface dipoles. Moreover, compared with another CPE analogue to PTB7, PBDT-TT-NBr, without the 2D conjugated backbone, the PBDTTh-TT-NBr presents a higher similarity in polymer structure to the donor polymer PTB7-Th. This feature makes it more compatible with the PTB7-Th-based active-layer film, improving the electron transport. With the PBDTTh-TT-NBr as the CIL, devices afford higher performances than those using the PBDT-TT-NBr in both fullerene and non-fullerene systems. This work offers guidance on choosing the CIL material that ought to possess a highly similar structure to the active-layer component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian, 116023, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wei Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian, 116023, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Dandan Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian, 116023, P. R. China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian, 116023, P. R. China
| | - Can Li
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian National Laboratory for Clean Energy, Dalian, 116023, P. R. China
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22
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Li T, Chen Z, Wang Y, Tu J, Deng X, Li Q, Li Z. Materials for Interfaces in Organic Solar Cells and Photodetectors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:3301-3326. [PMID: 31845796 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b19830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Interface engineering is very important to the high performance of organic optoelectronic devices that are commonly composed of multilayer thin solid films. Interfacial materials are particularly crucial for interface engineering, and a variety of materials have been employed at the interface to accomplish various different functions. This Review summarizes various materials for the interfaces and some of the latest progress in organic solar cells (OSCs) and organic photodetectors (OPDs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhao Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Harbin Institute of Technology , Shenzhen 518055 , China
| | - Zixuan Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Harbin Institute of Technology , Shenzhen 518055 , China
| | - Yangyang Wang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Harbin Institute of Technology , Shenzhen 518055 , China
| | - Jin Tu
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , China
| | - Xianyu Deng
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering , Harbin Institute of Technology , Shenzhen 518055 , China
| | - Qianqian Li
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , China
| | - Zhen Li
- Sauvage Center for Molecular Sciences, Department of Chemistry , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , China
- Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science , Tianjin University , Tianjin 30072 , China
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23
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Fredj D, Alkarsifi R, Pourcin F, Liu X, Boudjada NC, Pierron P, Nourdine A, Boujelbene M, Fahlman M, Videlot-Ackermann C, Flandin L, Ben Dkhil S, Margeat O, Ackermann J. New Antimony-Based Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Material as Electron Extraction Layer for Efficient and Stable Polymer Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:44820-44828. [PMID: 31690074 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b12409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid organic-inorganic materials are a new class of materials used as interfacial layers (ILs) in polymer solar cells (PSCs). A hybrid material, composed of antimony as the inorganic part and diaminopyridine as the organic part, is synthesized and described as a new material for application as the electron extraction layer (EEL) in PSCs and compared to the recently demonstrated hybrid materials using bismuth instead of antimony. The hybrid compound is solution-processed onto the photoactive layer based on a classical blend, which is composed of a PTB7-Th low band gap polymer as the donor mixed with PC70BM fullerene as the acceptor material. By using a regular device structure and an aluminum cathode, the solar cells exhibited a power conversion efficiency of 8.42%, equivalent to the reference device using ZnO nanocrystals as the IL, and strongly improved compared to the bismuth-based hybrid material. The processing of extraction layers up to a thickness of 80 nm of such hybrid material reveals that the change from bismuth to antimony has strongly improved the charge extraction and transport properties of the hybrid materials. Interestingly, nanocomposites made of the hybrid material mixed with ZnO nanocrystals in a 1:1 ratio further improved the electronic properties of the extraction layers, leading to a power conversion efficiency of 9.74%. This was addressed to a more closely packed morphology of the hybrid layer, leading to further improved electron extraction. It is important to note that these hybrid EELs, both pure and ZnO-doped, also greatly improved the stability of solar cells, both under dark storage in air and under lighting under an inert atmosphere compared to solar cells treated with ZnO intermediate layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donia Fredj
- Dracula Technologies , 4 Rue Georges Auric , 26000 Valence , France
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Grenoble INP (Institute of Engineering Univ. Grenoble Alpes), LEPMI , 38000 Grenoble , Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes , France
| | | | - Florent Pourcin
- Dracula Technologies , 4 Rue Georges Auric , 26000 Valence , France
| | - Xianjie Liu
- Laboratory for Organic Electronics, ITN , Linköping University , 602 21 Norrköping , Östergötland , Sweden
| | - Nassira Chniba Boudjada
- Laboratoire de Cristallographie , CNRS , 25 Avenue des Martyrs , BP 166, 38042 Grenoble , Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes , France
| | - Pascal Pierron
- Dracula Technologies , 4 Rue Georges Auric , 26000 Valence , France
| | - Ali Nourdine
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Grenoble INP (Institute of Engineering Univ. Grenoble Alpes), LEPMI , 38000 Grenoble , Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes , France
| | - Mohamed Boujelbene
- Laboratoire Physico-Chimie de l'Etat Solide, LR11 ES51, Faculté des Sciences de Sfax , Université de Sfax , 3071 Sfax , Tunisie
| | - Mats Fahlman
- Laboratory for Organic Electronics, ITN , Linköping University , 602 21 Norrköping , Östergötland , Sweden
| | | | - Lionel Flandin
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, Grenoble INP (Institute of Engineering Univ. Grenoble Alpes), LEPMI , 38000 Grenoble , Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes , France
| | - Sadok Ben Dkhil
- Dracula Technologies , 4 Rue Georges Auric , 26000 Valence , France
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Tran VH, Kim SK, Lee SH. Zwitterion Nondetergent Sulfobetaine-Modified SnO 2 as an Efficient Electron Transport Layer for Inverted Organic Solar Cells. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:19225-19237. [PMID: 31763546 PMCID: PMC6868909 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b02551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Tin oxide (SnO2) has been widely accepted as an effective electron transport layer (ETL) for optoelectronic devices because of its outstanding electro-optical properties such as its suitable band energy levels, high electron mobility, and high transparency. Here, we report a simple but effective interfacial engineering strategy to achieve highly efficient and stable inverted organic solar cells (iOSCs) via a low-temperature solution process and an SnO2 ETL modified by zwitterion nondetergent sulfobetaine 3-(4-tert-butyl-1-pyridinio)-1-propanesulfonate (NDSB-256-4T). We found that NDSB-256-4T helps reduce the work function of SnO2, resulting in more efficient electron extraction and transport to the cathode of iOSCs. NDSB-256-4T also passivates the defects in SnO2, which serves as recombination centers that greatly reduce the device performance of iOSCs. In addition, NDSB-256-4T provides the better interfacial contact between SnO2 and the active layer. Thus, a higher power conversion efficiency (PCE) and longer device stability of iOSCs are expected for a combination of SnO2 and NDSB-256-4T than for devices based on SnO2 only. With these enhanced interfacial properties, P3HT:PC60BM-based iOSCs using SnO2/NDSB-256-4T (0.2 mg/mL) as an ETL showed both a higher average PCE of 3.72%, which is 33% higher than devices using SnO2 only (2.79%) and excellent device stability (over 90% of the initial PCE remained after storing 5 weeks in ambient air without encapsulation). In an extended application of the PTB7-Th:PC70BM systems, we achieved an impressive average PCE of 8.22% with SnO2/NDSB-256-4T (0.2 mg/mL) as the ETL, while devices based on SnO2 exhibited an average PCE of only 4.45%. Thus, the use of zwitterion to modify SnO2 ETL is a promising way to obtain both highly efficient and stable iOSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Soo-Hyoung Lee
- E-mail: . Phone: +82 63-270-2435. Fax: +82 63-270-2306 (S.-H.L.)
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25
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Synthesis of highly fluorescent water-soluble polypyrrole for cell imaging and iodide ion sensing. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1084:99-105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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26
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Bi S, Leng X, Li Y, Zheng Z, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Zhou H. Interfacial Modification in Organic and Perovskite Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1805708. [PMID: 30600552 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201805708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Organic bulk heterojunction solar cells (OSCs) and hybrid halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are two promising photovoltaic techniques for next-generation energy conversion devices. The rapid increase in the power conversion efficiency (PCE) in OSCs and PSCs has profited from synergetic progresses in rational material synthesis for photoactive layers, device processing, and interface engineering. Interface properties in these two types of devices play a critical role in dictating the processes of charge extraction, surface trap passivation, and interfacial recombination. Therefore, there have been great efforts directed to improving the solar cell performance and device stability in terms of interface modification. Here, recent progress in interfacial doping with biopolymers and ionic salts to modulate the cathode interface properties in OSCs is reviewed. For the anode interface modification, recent strategies of improving the surface properties in widely used PEDOT:PSS for narrowband OSCs or replacing it by novel organic conjugated materials will be touched upon. Several recent approaches are also in focus to deal with interfacial traps and surface passivation in emerging PSCs. Finally, the current challenges and possible directions for the efforts toward further boosts of PCEs and stability via interface engineering are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqing Bi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Xuanye Leng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yanxun Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Zhong Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Xuning Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry, Beihang University, No. 37 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Beihang University, No. 37 Xueyuan Road, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Huiqiong Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
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Sun L, Xu X, Song S, Zhang Y, Miao C, Liu X, Xing G, Zhang S. Medium‐Bandgap Conjugated Polymer Donors for Organic Photovoltaics. Macromol Rapid Commun 2019; 40:e1900074. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.201900074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liya Sun
- L. Sun, X. Xu, S. Song, Y. Zhang, Dr. C. Miao, Prof. X. Liu, Prof. S. ZhangKey Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced MaterialsJiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced MaterialsNanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech) 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
| | - Xiangfei Xu
- L. Sun, X. Xu, S. Song, Y. Zhang, Dr. C. Miao, Prof. X. Liu, Prof. S. ZhangKey Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced MaterialsJiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced MaterialsNanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech) 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
| | - Shan Song
- L. Sun, X. Xu, S. Song, Y. Zhang, Dr. C. Miao, Prof. X. Liu, Prof. S. ZhangKey Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced MaterialsJiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced MaterialsNanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech) 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
| | - Yangqian Zhang
- L. Sun, X. Xu, S. Song, Y. Zhang, Dr. C. Miao, Prof. X. Liu, Prof. S. ZhangKey Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced MaterialsJiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced MaterialsNanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech) 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
| | - Chunyang Miao
- L. Sun, X. Xu, S. Song, Y. Zhang, Dr. C. Miao, Prof. X. Liu, Prof. S. ZhangKey Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced MaterialsJiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced MaterialsNanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech) 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
| | - Xiang Liu
- L. Sun, X. Xu, S. Song, Y. Zhang, Dr. C. Miao, Prof. X. Liu, Prof. S. ZhangKey Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced MaterialsJiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced MaterialsNanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech) 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
| | - Guichuan Xing
- Institute of Applied Physics and Materials EngineeringUniversity of Macau Macao SAR 999078 China
| | - Shiming Zhang
- L. Sun, X. Xu, S. Song, Y. Zhang, Dr. C. Miao, Prof. X. Liu, Prof. S. ZhangKey Laboratory of Flexible Electronics & Institute of Advanced MaterialsJiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced MaterialsNanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech) 30 South Puzhu Road Nanjing 211816 P. R. China
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28
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Seifrid MT, Reddy GNM, Zhou C, Chmelka BF, Bazan GC. Direct Observation of the Relationship between Molecular Topology and Bulk Morphology for a π-Conjugated Material. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:5078-5082. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b13200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin T. Seifrid
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - G. N. Manjunatha Reddy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Cheng Zhou
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Bradley F. Chmelka
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Guillermo C. Bazan
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
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29
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Fu H, Wang Z, Sun Y. Polymer Donors for High‐Performance Non‐Fullerene Organic Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:4442-4453. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201806291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 294] [Impact Index Per Article: 58.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huiting Fu
- School of Chemistry Beihang University Beijing 100191 China
- Key Laboratory of Organic Solids Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Zhaohui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Solids Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Yanming Sun
- School of Chemistry Beihang University Beijing 100191 China
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30
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Fu H, Wang Z, Sun Y. Polymer Donors for High‐Performance Non‐Fullerene Organic Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201806291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huiting Fu
- School of Chemistry Beihang University Beijing 100191 China
- Key Laboratory of Organic Solids Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Zhaohui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organic Solids Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Yanming Sun
- School of Chemistry Beihang University Beijing 100191 China
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31
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Carulli F, Scavia G, Lassi E, Pasini M, Galeotti F, Brovelli S, Giovanella U, Luzzati S. A bifunctional conjugated polyelectrolyte for the interfacial engineering of polymer solar cells. J Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 538:611-619. [PMID: 30553094 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2018.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In this work a novel combination of side chain functionalities, alkyl-phosphonate (EP) and alkyl-ammonium bromide (NBr) groups, on a polyfluorene backbone (PF-NBr-EP) was studied as cathode interfacial material (CIM) in polymer-based solar cells. The devices were made with a conventional geometry, with PTB7:PC71 BM as active layer and aluminum as metal electrode. The CIM showed good solubility in ethanol and film forming ability onto the active layer so that its deposition could be finely tuned. The interface engineering imparted by this CIM was assessed and discussed through kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM), impedance spectroscopy, charge recombination and electron transport characterizations. To discriminate between the interfacial modifications imparted by the interlayer and its solvent, we included in this study a surface ethanol treated device. In the optimized conditions an average power conversion efficiency of 7.24% was obtained, which is about 60% higher when compared to devices made with bare Al and 26% when compared to devices made with a standard calcium/aluminum cathode. Besides performances, some insights about the devices shelf life stability are also presented. A good persistency through aging was found for the cathode interfacial engineering capabilities of PF-NBr-EP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Carulli
- Istituto per lo Studio delle Macromolecole (ISMac - CNR), Via Bassini 15, 20133 Milano, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Via Cozzi 55, I-20125 Milano, Italy.
| | - Guido Scavia
- Istituto per lo Studio delle Macromolecole (ISMac - CNR), Via Bassini 15, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Elisa Lassi
- Istituto per lo Studio delle Macromolecole (ISMac - CNR), Via Bassini 15, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Mariacecilia Pasini
- Istituto per lo Studio delle Macromolecole (ISMac - CNR), Via Bassini 15, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco Galeotti
- Istituto per lo Studio delle Macromolecole (ISMac - CNR), Via Bassini 15, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Sergio Brovelli
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, Via Cozzi 55, I-20125 Milano, Italy
| | - Umberto Giovanella
- Istituto per lo Studio delle Macromolecole (ISMac - CNR), Via Bassini 15, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Silvia Luzzati
- Istituto per lo Studio delle Macromolecole (ISMac - CNR), Via Bassini 15, 20133 Milano, Italy.
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32
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Chen X, Lai J, Shen Y, Chen Q, Chen L. Functional Scanning Force Microscopy for Energy Nanodevices. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1802490. [PMID: 30133000 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201802490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Energy nanodevices, including energy conversion and energy storage devices, have become a major cross-disciplinary field in recent years. These devices feature long-range electron and ion transport coupled with chemical transformation, which call for novel characterization tools to understand device operation mechanisms. In this context, recent developments in functional scanning force microscopy techniques and their application in thin-film photovoltaic devices and lithium batteries are reviewed. The advantages of scanning force microscopy, such as high spatial resolution, multimodal imaging, and the possibility of in situ and in operando imaging, are emphasized. The survey indicates that functional scanning force microscopy is making significant contributions in understanding materials and interfaces in energy nanodevices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- i-Lab, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Junqi Lai
- i-Lab, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Yanbin Shen
- i-Lab, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
- School of Nano Technology and Nano Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Qi Chen
- i-Lab, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
- School of Nano Technology and Nano Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Liwei Chen
- i-Lab, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
- School of Nano Technology and Nano Bionics, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC), Hefei, 230026, China
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33
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Li Z, Chen Q, Liu Y, Ding L, Zhang K, Zhu K, Yuan L, Dong B, Zhou Y, Song B. A Nonconjugated Zwitterionic Polymer: Cathode Interfacial Layer Comparable with PFN for Narrow-Bandgap Polymer Solar Cells. Macromol Rapid Commun 2018; 39:e1700828. [PMID: 30117644 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201700828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
A nonconjugated, alcohol-soluble zwitterionic polymer, poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate) (denoted by PSBMA), is employed as cathode interfacial layer (CIL) in polymer solar cells (PSCs) based on PTB7-Th:PC71 BM. Compared with the control device without CIL, PSCs with PSBMA CILs show significant enhancement on the resulting performance, and the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 8.27% is achieved. Under parallel conditions, PSCs with PSBMA as CIL show comparable performance than those with widely used poly[(9,9-bis(30-(N,N-dimethylamino)propyl)-2,7-fluorene)-alt-2,7-(9,9-ioctylfluorene)] as CIL. The polar groups of PSBMA not only provide a solvent orthogonal solubility in the process of preparation of the devices but also lead to interfacial dipole to the electrode, which promises a better energy level alignment. In addition, PSBMA-based devices show better abilities of hole blocking. These results indicate that the zwitterionic polymer PSBMA should be a promising CIL in PSC-based narrow-bandgap polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhendong Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Qiaoyun Chen
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yanfeng Liu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Lan Ding
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Kaicheng Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Kai Zhu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Ligang Yuan
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Bin Dong
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Bo Song
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
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34
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Kang Q, Yang B, Xu Y, Xu B, Hou J. Printable MoO x Anode Interlayers for Organic Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1801718. [PMID: 30009472 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201801718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Currently, solution-processed MoOx anode interfacial layers (AILs) can only be fabricated by the spin-coating method in organic solar cells (OSCs), which severely limits their use in practical productions where large-area printing techniques are used. Herein, a facile method is demonstrated to prepare highly conductive MoOx (denoted EG:Mo) that can be processed by printing methods such as wire-bar and blade coatings. The EG:Mo films are prepared by depositing an aqueous solution containing ammonium heptamolybdate (VI) tetrahydrate (NMo) and ethylene glycol (EG) and annealing at 200 °C. UV-vis absorption and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements confirm that Mo (VI) can be reduced to Mo (V) by EG, resulting in the n-doped EG:Mo. Using the EG:Mo as AILs, an OSC based on a PB3T:IT-M active layer exhibits a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 12.1%, which is comparable to that of the PEDOT:PSS modified devices. More importantly, EG:Mo AILs can be processed by wire-bar and blade-coating methods, and the corresponding devices show PCEs of 11.9% and 11.5%, respectively. Furthermore, the EG:Mo AIL is processed by wire-bar coating to fabricate a large area device (1.0 cm2 ), and a PCE of 10.1% is achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin, 130024, P. R. China
| | - Bei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Ye Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Bowei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Jianhui Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
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35
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Fredj D, Pourcin F, Alkarsifi R, Kilinc V, Liu X, Ben Dkhil S, Boudjada NC, Fahlman M, Videlot-Ackermann C, Margeat O, Ackermann J, Boujelbene M. Fabrication and Characterization of Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Electron Extraction Layers for Polymer Solar Cells toward Improved Processing Robustness and Air Stability. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:17309-17317. [PMID: 29652470 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b16297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Organic-inorganic hybrid materials composed of bismuth and diaminopyridine are studied as novel materials for electron extraction layers in polymer solar cells using regular device structures. The hybrid materials are solution processed on top of two different low band gap polymers (PTB7 or PTB7-Th) as donor materials mixed with fullerene PC70BM as the acceptor. The intercalation of the hybrid layer between the photoactive layer and the aluminum cathode leads to solar cells with a power conversion efficiency of 7.8% because of significant improvements in all photovoltaic parameters, that is, short-circuit current density, fill factor, and open-circuit voltage, similar to the reference devices using ZnO as the interfacial layer. However when using thick layers of such hybrid materials for electron extraction, only small losses in photocurrent density are observed in contrast to the reference material ZnO of pronounced losses because of optical spacer effects. Importantly, these hybrid electron extraction layers also strongly improve the device stability in air compared with solar cells processed with ZnO interlayers. Both results underline the high potential of this new class of hybrid materials as electron extraction materials toward robust processing of air stable organic solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donia Fredj
- Laboratoire Physico-Chimie de l'Etat Solide, LR11 ES51, Faculté des Sciences de Sfax , Université de Sfax , 3071 Sfax , Tunisie
| | | | - Riva Alkarsifi
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, CINaM , Marseille 13288 , France
| | - Volkan Kilinc
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, CINaM , Marseille 13288 , France
| | - Xianjie Liu
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology Linkoping University , 58183 Linkoping , Sweden
| | | | - Nassira Chniba Boudjada
- Laboratoire de Cristallographie , CNRS , 25 Avenue des Martyrs , BP 166, 38042 Grenoble , France
| | - Mats Fahlman
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology Linkoping University , 58183 Linkoping , Sweden
| | | | | | - Jörg Ackermann
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, CINaM , Marseille 13288 , France
| | - Mohamed Boujelbene
- Laboratoire Physico-Chimie de l'Etat Solide, LR11 ES51, Faculté des Sciences de Sfax , Université de Sfax , 3071 Sfax , Tunisie
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36
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Carulli F, Mróz W, Lassi E, Sandionigi C, Squeo B, Meazza L, Scavia G, Luzzati S, Pasini M, Giovanella U, Galeotti F. Effect of the introduction of an alcohol-soluble conjugated polyelectrolyte as cathode interlayer in solution-processed organic light-emitting diodes and photovoltaic devices. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-018-0462-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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37
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Zhang W, Li Y, Zhu L, Liu X, Song C, Li X, Sun X, Fang J. A PTB7-based narrow band-gap conjugated polyelectrolyte as an efficient cathode interlayer in PTB7-based polymer solar cells. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 53:2005-2008. [PMID: 28120976 DOI: 10.1039/c6cc09274h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
A PTB7-based cationic narrow band-gap polyelectrolyte, named PTB7-NBr, has been designed and synthesized as a cathode interfacial material for polymer solar cells. PTB7-NBr exhibits excellent cathode interfacial modification in solar cells with PTB7 and PTB7-Th as donor polymer and a high PCE of 9.24% was achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Graphene Technologies and Applications of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China.
| | - Yaru Li
- Key Laboratory of Graphene Technologies and Applications of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China.
| | - Liping Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Graphene Technologies and Applications of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China.
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Graphene Technologies and Applications of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China.
| | - Changjian Song
- Key Laboratory of Graphene Technologies and Applications of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China.
| | - Xiaodong Li
- Key Laboratory of Graphene Technologies and Applications of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China.
| | - Xiaohua Sun
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, 443002, China
| | - Junfeng Fang
- Key Laboratory of Graphene Technologies and Applications of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China.
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38
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Yi S, Deng W, Sun S, Lan L, He Z, Yang W, Zhang B. Trifluoromethyl-Substituted Large Band-Gap Polytriphenylamines for Polymer Solar Cells with High Open-Circuit Voltages. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E52. [PMID: 30966088 PMCID: PMC6415081 DOI: 10.3390/polym10010052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Two large band-gap polymers (PTPACF and PTPA2CF) based on polytriphenylamine derivatives with the introduction of electron-withdrawing trifluoromethyl groups were designed and prepared by Suzuki polycondensation reaction. The chemical structures, thermal, optical and electrochemical properties were characterized in detail. From the UV-visible absorption spectra, the PTPACF and PTPA2CF showed the optical band gaps of 2.01 and 2.07 eV, respectively. The cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurement displayed the deep highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy levels of -5.33 and -5.38 eV for PTPACF and PTPA2CF, respectively. The hole mobilities, determined by field-effect transistor characterization, were 2.5 × 10-3 and 1.1 × 10-3 cm² V-1 S-1 for PTPACF and PTPA2CF, respectively. The polymer solar cells (PSCs) were tested under the conventional device structure of ITO/PEDOT:PSS/polymer:PC71BM/PFN/Al. All of the PSCs showed the high open circuit voltages (Vocs) with the values approaching 1 V. The PTPACF and PTPA2CF based PSCs gave the power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 3.24% and 2.40%, respectively. Hence, it is a reliable methodology to develop high-performance large band-gap polymer donors with high Vocs through the feasible side-chain modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuwang Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Wanyuan Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Sheng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Linfeng Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Zhicai He
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Wei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Bin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, National Experimental Demonstration Center for Materials Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China.
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39
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Chen Q, Li Z, Dong B, Zhou Y, Song B. Zwitter-Ionic Polymer Applied as Electron Transportation Layer for Improving the Performance of Polymer Solar Cells. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:E566. [PMID: 30965870 PMCID: PMC6419150 DOI: 10.3390/polym9110566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A zwitter-ionic polymer poly (sulfobetaine methacrylate) (denoted by PSBMA) was employed as an electron transportation layer (ETL) in polymer solar cells (PSCs) based on poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT):[6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PC61BM). PSBMA is highly soluble in trifluoroethanol, showing an orthogonal solubility to the solvent of the active layer in the preparation of multilayered PSCs. Upon introduction of PSBMA, the short circuit current and as a consequence the power conversion efficiency of the corresponding PSCs are dramatically improved, which can be because of the relatively high polarity of PSBMA compared with the other ETLs. This study demonstrated that zwitter-ionic polymer should be a competitive potential candidate of ETLs in PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoyun Chen
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Zhendong Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Bin Dong
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Yi Zhou
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Bo Song
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
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40
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Yang M, Lau TK, Xiao S, Gao J, Wang W, Lu X, Zhang S, Wu J, Zhan C, You W. A Ladder-type Heteroheptacene 12H-Dithieno[2',3':4,5]thieno[3,2-b:2',3'-h]fluorene Based D-A Copolymer with Strong Intermolecular Interactions toward Efficient Polymer Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:35159-35168. [PMID: 28944668 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b12142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Ladder-type electron-donating units for D-A copolymers applied in polymer solar cells usually comprise multiple tetrahedral carbon bridges bonded with out-of-plane alkyl chains for desirable solubility for device processing. However, molecular packing of resultant copolymers in the solid state and charge transport within devices are also impeded in spite of with multiple fused aromatic backbones. To mitigate this issue, a structurally well-defined ladder-type electron-donating heteroheptacene, 12H-dithieno[2',3':4,5]thieno[3,2-b:2',3'-h]fluorene (DTTF) with an extended conjugated backbone and a single tetrahedral carbon bridge attached with two bulky alkyl chains was designed and synthesized. The copolymerization of DTTF with 4,7-bis(4-hexylthiophen-2-yl)benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole (DTBT) afforded a soluble D-A copolymer (PDTTF-DTBT) with a medium optical band gap of 1.72 eV and low-lying HOMO level at -5.36 eV. PDTTF-DTBT unprecedentedly exhibits strong intermolecular stacking ability and presents preferential face-on orientation on both ZnO and PEDOT:PSS layers. The improved packing order and appropriate phase separation of both the copolymer and PC71BM in the bulk heterojunction blend on the ZnO layer over on the PEDOT:PSS layer lead to much improved power conversion efficiency of ∼8.2% in the inverted solar cell device, among the highest for reported ladder-type D-A copolymers. The research demonstrates that it is an effective method to incorporate a single tetrahedral carbon bridge to the molecular center of a ladder-type heteroacene with heavily extended π-conjugation to prepare D-A copolymers toward highly efficient PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology , Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Tsz-Ki Lau
- Department of Physics, Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Shengqiang Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology , Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Jianhong Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology , Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology , Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Xinhui Lu
- Department of Physics, Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Shoujie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology , Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Jiansheng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology , Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Chun Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology , Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
| | - Wei You
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology , Wuhan 430070, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3290, United States
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41
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Sharma A, Chauhan M, Bharti V, Kumar M, Chand S, Tripathi B, Tiwari JP. Revealing the correlation between charge carrier recombination and extraction in an organic solar cell under varying illumination intensity. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:26169-26178. [PMID: 28930319 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp05235a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The design and fabrication of better excitonic solar cells are the need of the hour for futuristic energy solutions. This designing needs a better understanding of the charge transport properties of excitonic solar cells. One of the popular methods of understanding the charge transport properties is the analysis of the J-V characteristics of a device through theoretical simulation at varied illumination intensity. Herein, a J-V characteristic of a polymer:fullerene based bulk heterojunction (BHJ) organic solar cells (OSCs) of structure ITO/PEDOT:PSS (∼40 nm)/PTB7:PC71BM (∼100 nm)/Al (∼120 nm) is analyzed using one- and two-diode models at varied illumination intensity in the range of 0.1-2.33 Sun. It was found that the double diode model is better with respect to the single diode model and can explain the J-V characteristics of the OSCs correctly. Further, the recombination mechanism is investigated thoroughly and it was observed that fill factor (FF) is in the range of 62.5%-41.4% for the corresponding values of the recombination-to-extraction ratio (θ) varying from 0.001 to 0.023. These findings are attributed to the change in charge transport mechanism from trap-assisted to bimolecular recombination with the variation of illumination intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Sharma
- Advanced Materials and Devices Division, CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, New Delhi 110012, India.
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42
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Mhamdi A, Ltaief A, Bouazizi A. Effect of solvents on the optical and morphological properties of MEH-PPV: PC 70 BM nanocomposites. J Mol Struct 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2017.05.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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43
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Russell TP, Chai Y. 50th Anniversary Perspective: Putting the Squeeze on Polymers: A Perspective on Polymer Thin Films and Interfaces. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b00418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas P. Russell
- Polymer
Science and Engineering Department, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Beijing
Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yu Chai
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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44
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Abnormal strong burn-in degradation of highly efficient polymer solar cells caused by spinodal donor-acceptor demixing. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14541. [PMID: 28224984 PMCID: PMC5322537 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The performance of organic solar cells is determined by the delicate, meticulously optimized bulk-heterojunction microstructure, which consists of finely mixed and relatively separated donor/acceptor regions. Here we demonstrate an abnormal strong burn-in degradation in highly efficient polymer solar cells caused by spinodal demixing of the donor and acceptor phases, which dramatically reduces charge generation and can be attributed to the inherently low miscibility of both materials. Even though the microstructure can be kinetically tuned for achieving high-performance, the inherently low miscibility of donor and acceptor leads to spontaneous phase separation in the solid state, even at room temperature and in the dark. A theoretical calculation of the molecular parameters and construction of the spinodal phase diagrams highlight molecular incompatibilities between the donor and acceptor as a dominant mechanism for burn-in degradation, which is to date the major short-time loss reducing the performance and stability of organic solar cells. Li et al. study degradation in organic photovoltaics from a morphological perspective. They find that donor and acceptor phases undergo excessive demixing via spinodal decomposition resulting in a reduction of charge generation. Demixing is due to the inherently low miscibility of both materials.
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45
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Schroot R, Schlotthauer T, Jäger M, Schubert US. Hydrophilic Poly(naphthalene diimide)-Based Acceptor-Photosensitizer Dyads: Toward Water-Processible Modular Photoredox-Active Architectures. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201600534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Schroot
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC); Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Humboldtstraße 10 07743 Jena Germany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena); Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Philosophenweg 7a 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Tina Schlotthauer
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC); Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Humboldtstraße 10 07743 Jena Germany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena); Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Philosophenweg 7a 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Michael Jäger
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC); Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Humboldtstraße 10 07743 Jena Germany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena); Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Philosophenweg 7a 07743 Jena Germany
| | - Ulrich S. Schubert
- Laboratory of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry (IOMC); Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Humboldtstraße 10 07743 Jena Germany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC Jena); Friedrich Schiller University Jena; Philosophenweg 7a 07743 Jena Germany
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46
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Li D, Liu Q, Zhen J, Fang Z, Chen X, Yang S. Imidazole-Functionalized Fullerene as a Vertically Phase-Separated Cathode Interfacial Layer of Inverted Ternary Polymer Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:2720-2729. [PMID: 28045489 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b13461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
By using a facile one-pot nucleophilic addition reaction, we synthesized a novel imidazole (IMZ)-functionalized fullerene (C60-IMZ), and applied it as a third component of inverted ternary polymer solar cells (PSCs), leading to dramatic efficiency enhancement. According to FT-IR, XPS spectroscopic characterizations, and elemental analysis, the chemical structure of C60-IMZ was determined with the average IMZ addition number estimated to be six. The lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) level of C60-IMZ measured by cyclic voltammetry was -3.63 eV, which is up-shifted relative to that of 6,6-phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PC61BM). Upon doping C60-IMZ as a third component into an active layer blend of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) and PC61BM, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the inverted ternary PSCs was 3.4% under the optimized doping ratio of 10 wt %, dramatically higher than that of the control device ITO/P3HT:PC61BM/MoO3/Ag based on the binary P3HT:PC61BM blend (1.3%). The incorporation of C60-IMZ results in enhancement of the absorption of P3HT:PC61BM blend film, increase of the electron mobility of the device, and rougher film surface of the P3HT:PC61BM active layer beneficial for interfacial contact with the Ag anode. Furthermore, C60-IMZ doped in P3HT:PC61BM blend may migrate to the surface of ITO cathode via vertical phase separation as revealed by XPS depth analysis, consequently forming a cathode interfacial layer (CIL), which can lower the work function (WF) of ITO cathode. Thus, the interfacial contact between the active layer and ITO cathode is improved, facilitating electron transport from the active layer to ITO cathode. The effectiveness of C60-IMZ as a vertically phase-separated CIL on efficiency enhancement of inverted ternary PSCs is further verified by doping it into another active layer system comprised of a low-bandgap conjugated polymer, poly(thieno[3,4-b]-thiophene/benzodithiophene) (PTB7), blended with [6,6]-phenyl C71-butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM). Under the optimized C60-IMZ doping ratio of 10 wt %, the PCE of the PTB7:PC71BM-based inverted ternary PSC device reaches 5.3%, which is about 2 times higher than that of the control binary device (2.6%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC) , Hefei 230026, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC) , Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jieming Zhen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC) , Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zhimin Fang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC) , Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xiang Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC) , Hefei 230026, China
| | - Shangfeng Yang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China (USTC) , Hefei 230026, China
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47
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Huang K, Qin Y, Yan C, Chen M, Xu L, Jia C, Zhong X. Thieno[3,4-b]pyrazine and 9,9-di-n-octylfluorene based copolymer for efficient inorganic-organic hybrid solar cells. INORG NANO-MET CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/15533174.2015.1137591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaibin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, P. R. China
| | - Yuancheng Qin
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, P. R. China
| | - Chun Yan
- Technical Center for Dangerous Goods Testing of Guangxi Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Beihai, P. R. China
| | - Mingming Chen
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, P. R. China
| | - Liwei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, P. R. China
| | - Chunguang Jia
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, P. R. China
| | - Xueming Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, P. R. China
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48
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Wang T, Hu Y, Deng Z, Wang Y, Lv L, Zhu L, Lou Z, Hou Y, Teng F. High sensitivity, fast response and low operating voltage organic photodetectors by incorporating a water/alcohol soluble conjugated polymer anode buffer layer. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra26750e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We demonstrate the high sensitivity, fast response and low operating voltage organic photodetectors by incorporating an anode buffer layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiening Wang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information
- Ministry of Education
- Beijing JiaoTong University
- Beijing 100044
- China
| | - Yufeng Hu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information
- Ministry of Education
- Beijing JiaoTong University
- Beijing 100044
- China
| | - Zhenbo Deng
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information
- Ministry of Education
- Beijing JiaoTong University
- Beijing 100044
- China
| | - Yue Wang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information
- Ministry of Education
- Beijing JiaoTong University
- Beijing 100044
- China
| | - Longfeng Lv
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information
- Ministry of Education
- Beijing JiaoTong University
- Beijing 100044
- China
| | - Lijie Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information
- Ministry of Education
- Beijing JiaoTong University
- Beijing 100044
- China
| | - Zhidong Lou
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information
- Ministry of Education
- Beijing JiaoTong University
- Beijing 100044
- China
| | - Yanbing Hou
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information
- Ministry of Education
- Beijing JiaoTong University
- Beijing 100044
- China
| | - Feng Teng
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information
- Ministry of Education
- Beijing JiaoTong University
- Beijing 100044
- China
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49
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Cheng CC, Lin WL, Liao ZS, Chu CW, Huang JJ, Huang SY, Fan WL, Lee DJ. Water-soluble fullerene-functionalized polymer micelles for efficient aqueous-processed conductive devices. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py01743j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A novel fullerene-based water-soluble conducting micelle has been successfully developed, providing a potential route towards development of aqueous-processed electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Chia Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology
- National Taiwan University of Science and Technology
- Taipei 10607
- Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ling Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Taiwan University of Science and Technology
- Taipei 10607
- Taiwan
| | - Zhi-Sheng Liao
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology
- National Taiwan University of Science and Technology
- Taipei 10607
- Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wei Chu
- Research Center for Applied Sciences
- Academia Sinica
- Taipei 11529
- Taiwan
| | - Jyun-Jie Huang
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology
- National Taiwan University of Science and Technology
- Taipei 10607
- Taiwan
| | - Shan-You Huang
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology
- National Taiwan University of Science and Technology
- Taipei 10607
- Taiwan
| | - Wen-Lu Fan
- Graduate Institute of Applied Science and Technology
- National Taiwan University of Science and Technology
- Taipei 10607
- Taiwan
| | - Duu-Jong Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- National Taiwan University of Science and Technology
- Taipei 10607
- Taiwan
- Department of Chemical Engineering
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50
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Adnan M, Iqbal J, BiBi S, Hussain R, Akhtar MN, Rashid MA, Eliasson B, Ayub K. Fine Tuning the Optoelectronic Properties of Triphenylamine Based Donor Molecules for Organic Solar Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/zpch-2016-0790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Geometrical parameters, electronic structures and photophysical properties of three new triphenylamine (TPA) and diphenylamine (DPA) based electron donor materials M1 M3 (for organic solar cells) have been investigated through density functional theory (DFT) methods at the B3LYP/6-31G(d) level of the theory. TPA and DPA are used as donor moieties due to their electron donating ability while benzothiazole, cyanide and cyanomethylacetate (CMA) moieties have been taken as acceptor moieties. The time dependent-DFT (TD-DFT) method has been employed [TD-B3LYP/6-31G (d)] for the computation of excited state properties in the gas phase and in solvent (chloroform). The polarization continuum model is applied for calculations in the solvent phase. The designed molecules exhibited broad absorption in the visible and near infra-red region of spectrum with respect to a reference molecule “R” of a similar class of compounds. Based on reorganization energies calculations, these materials could act as excellent hole transport materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Adnan
- Department of Chemistry University of Agriculture , Faisalabad , 38040 , Pakistan
| | - Javed Iqbal
- Department of Chemistry University of Agriculture , Faisalabad , 38040 , Pakistan
- Punjab Bio-Energy Institute (PBI) , University of Agriculture , Faisalabad , Pakistan , e-mail:
| | - Shamsa BiBi
- Department of Chemistry University of Agriculture , Faisalabad , 38040 , Pakistan
| | - Riaz Hussain
- Department of Chemistry , University of Education Lahore (Okara Campus), Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Abid Rashid
- Department of Chemistry University of Agriculture , Faisalabad , 38040 , Pakistan
| | - Bertil Eliasson
- Department of Chemistry , Umeå University , SE-901 87 Umeå , Sweden
| | - Khurshid Ayub
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology , Abbottabad , KPK, 22060 , Pakistan
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