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Zapata-Arteaga O, Dörling B, Alvarez-Corzo I, Xu K, Reparaz JS, Campoy-Quiles M. Upscaling Thermoelectrics: Micron-Thick, Half-a-Meter-Long Carbon Nanotube Films with Monolithic Integration of p- and n-Legs. ACS APPLIED ELECTRONIC MATERIALS 2024; 6:2978-2987. [PMID: 38828035 PMCID: PMC11137818 DOI: 10.1021/acsaelm.3c01671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
In order for organic thermoelectrics to successfully establish their own niche as energy-harvesting materials, they must reach several crucial milestones, including high performance, long-term stability, and scalability. Performance and stability are currently being actively studied, whereas demonstrations of large-scale compatibility are far more limited and for carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are still missing. The scalability challenge includes material-related economic considerations as well as the availability of fast deposition methods that produce large-scale films that simultaneously satisfy the thickness constraints required for thermoelectric modules. Here we report on true solutions of CNTs that form gels upon air exposure, which can then be dried into micron-thick films. The CNT ink can be extruded using a slot-shaped nozzle into a continuous film (more than half a meter in the present paper) and patterned into alternating n- and p-type components, which are then folded to obtain the finished thermoelectric module. Starting from a given n-type film, differentiation between the n and p components is achieved by a simple postprocessing step that involves a partial oxidation reaction and neutralization of the dopant. The presented method allows the thermoelectric legs to seamlessly interconnect along the continuous film, thus avoiding the need for metal electrodes, and, most importantly, it is compatible with large-scale printing processes. The resulting thermoelectric legs retain 80% of their power factor after 100 days in air and about 30% after 300 days. Using the proposed methodology, we fabricate two thermoelectric modules of 4 and 10 legs that can produce maximum power outputs of 1 and 2.4 μW, respectively, at a temperature difference ΔT of 46 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osnat Zapata-Arteaga
- Instituto de Ciencia de
Materiales de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Bellaterra 01893, Spain
| | - Bernhard Dörling
- Instituto de Ciencia de
Materiales de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Bellaterra 01893, Spain
| | - Ivan Alvarez-Corzo
- Instituto de Ciencia de
Materiales de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Bellaterra 01893, Spain
| | - Kai Xu
- Instituto de Ciencia de
Materiales de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Bellaterra 01893, Spain
| | | | - Mariano Campoy-Quiles
- Instituto de Ciencia de
Materiales de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Bellaterra 01893, Spain
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2
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Dai X, Wang Y, Sun X, Li K, Pan J, Wang J, Zhuang T, Chong D, Yan J, Wang H. All-Automated Fabrication of Freestanding and Scalable Photo-Thermoelectric Devices with High Performance. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2312570. [PMID: 38359909 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202312570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Flexible photo-thermoelectric (PTE) devices have great application prospects in the fields of solar energy conversion, ultrabroadband light detection, etc. A suitable manufacturing process to avoid the substrate effects as well as to create a narrow transition area between p-n modules for high-performance freestanding flexible PTE devices is highly desired. Herein, an automated laser fabrication (ALF) method is reported to construct the PTE devices with rylene-diimide-doped n-type single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) films. The wet-compressing approach is developed to improve the thermoelectric power factors and figure of merit (ZT) of the SWCNT hybrid films. Then, the films are cut and patterned automatically to make PTE devices with various structures by the proposed ALF method. The freestanding PTE device with a narrow transition area of ≈2-3 µm between the p and n modules exhibits a high-power density of 0.32 µW cm-2 under the light of 200 mW cm-2, which is among the highest level for freestanding-film-based PTE devices. The results pave the way for the automatic production process of PTE devices for green power generation and ultrabroadband light detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Yizhuo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Xu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Kuncai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Jiahao Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Tiantian Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Daotong Chong
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Junjie Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Hong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering and Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, China
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Zhang Y, Wang W, Zhang F, Dai K, Li C, Fan Y, Chen G, Zheng Q. Soft Organic Thermoelectric Materials: Principles, Current State of the Art and Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2104922. [PMID: 34921579 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202104922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The enormous demand for waste heat utilization and burgeoning eco-friendly wearable materials has triggered huge interest in the development of thermoelectric materials that can harvest low-cost energy resources by converting waste heat to electricity efficiently. In particular, due to their high flexibility, nontoxicity, cost-effectivity, and promising applicability in various fields, organic thermoelectric materials are drawing more attention compared with their toxic, expensive, heavy, and brittle inorganic counterparts. Organic thermoelectric materials are approaching the figure of merit of the inorganic ones via the construction and optimization of unique transport pathways and device geometries. This review presents the recent development of the interdependence and decoupling principles of the thermoelectric efficiency parameters as well as the new achievements of high performance organic thermoelectric materials. Moreover, this review also discusses the advances in the thermoelectric devices with emphasis on their energy-related applications. It is believed that organic thermoelectric materials are emerging as green energy alternatives rivaling their conventional inorganic counterparts in the efficient and pure electricity harvesting from waste heat and solar thermal energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinhang Zhang
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, P. R. China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, P. R. China
| | - Fei Zhang
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, P. R. China
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Kun Dai
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, P. R. China
| | - Chuanbing Li
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Fan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Guangming Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Qingbin Zheng
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, P. R. China
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Muralidhar JR, Kodama K, Hirose T, Ito Y, Kawamoto M. Noncovalent Functionalization of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes with a Photocleavable Polythiophene Derivative. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 12:nano12010052. [PMID: 35010002 PMCID: PMC8746816 DOI: 10.3390/nano12010052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have received extensive research attention owing to their extraordinary optical, electrical, and mechanical properties, which make them particularly attractive for application in optoelectronic devices. However, SWCNTs are insoluble in almost all solvents. Therefore, developing methods to solubilize SWCNTs is crucial for their use in solution-based processes. In this study, we developed a photocleavable polythiophene-derivative polymer dispersant for SWCNTs. The noncovalent surface functionalization of SWCNTs with a polymer allows their dispersal in tetrahydrofuran. The resultant solution-processed polymer/SWCNT composite film undergoes a hydrophobic-to-hydrophilic change in surface properties upon light irradiation (313 nm) because hydrophilic carboxyl groups are formed upon photocleavage of the hydrophobic solubilizing units in the polymer. Furthermore, the photocleaved composite film displays a 38-fold increase in electrical conductivity. This is due to the removal of the solubilizing unit, which is electrically insulating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyorthana Rajappa Muralidhar
- Emergent Bioengineering Materials Research Team, RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako 351-0198, Japan;
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan; (K.K.); (T.H.)
| | - Koichi Kodama
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan; (K.K.); (T.H.)
| | - Takuji Hirose
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan; (K.K.); (T.H.)
| | - Yoshihiro Ito
- Emergent Bioengineering Materials Research Team, RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako 351-0198, Japan;
- Nano Medical Engineering Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako 351-0198, Japan
- Correspondence: (Y.I.); (M.K.); Tel.: +81-48-467-2752 (Y.I. & M.K.); Fax: +81-48-467-9300 (Y.I. & M.K.)
| | - Masuki Kawamoto
- Emergent Bioengineering Materials Research Team, RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako 351-0198, Japan;
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, 255 Shimo-Okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570, Japan; (K.K.); (T.H.)
- Nano Medical Engineering Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako 351-0198, Japan
- Correspondence: (Y.I.); (M.K.); Tel.: +81-48-467-2752 (Y.I. & M.K.); Fax: +81-48-467-9300 (Y.I. & M.K.)
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5
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Wei Y, Zhou H, Deng H, Ji W, Tian K, Ma Z, Zhang K, Fu Q. "Toolbox" for the Processing of Functional Polymer Composites. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2021; 14:35. [PMID: 34918192 PMCID: PMC8677876 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-021-00774-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The processing methods of functional polymer composites (FPCs) are systematically summarized in “Toolbox”. The relationship of processing method-structure-property is discussed and the selection and combination of tools in processing among different FPCs are analyzed. A promising prospect is provided regarding the design principle for high performance FPCs for further investigation. ABSTRACT Functional polymer composites (FPCs) have attracted increasing attention in recent decades due to their great potential in delivering a wide range of functionalities. These functionalities are largely determined by functional fillers and their network morphology in polymer matrix. In recent years, a large number of studies on morphology control and interfacial modification have been reported, where numerous preparation methods and exciting performance of FPCs have been reported. Despite the fact that these FPCs have many similarities because they are all consisting of functional inorganic fillers and polymer matrices, review on the overall progress of FPCs is still missing, and especially the overall processing strategy for these composites is urgently needed. Herein, a “Toolbox” for the processing of FPCs is proposed to summarize and analyze the overall processing strategies and corresponding morphology evolution for FPCs. From this perspective, the morphological control methods already utilized for various FPCs are systematically reviewed, so that guidelines or even predictions on the processing strategies of various FPCs as well as multi-functional polymer composites could be given. This review should be able to provide interesting insights for the field of FPCs and boost future intelligent design of various FPCs. [Image: see text] SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40820-021-00774-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Wei
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongju Zhou
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Deng
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wenjing Ji
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Tian
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuyu Ma
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaiyi Zhang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Fu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, People's Republic of China
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Massetti M, Jiao F, Ferguson AJ, Zhao D, Wijeratne K, Würger A, Blackburn JL, Crispin X, Fabiano S. Unconventional Thermoelectric Materials for Energy Harvesting and Sensing Applications. Chem Rev 2021; 121:12465-12547. [PMID: 34702037 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Heat is an abundant but often wasted source of energy. Thus, harvesting just a portion of this tremendous amount of energy holds significant promise for a more sustainable society. While traditional solid-state inorganic semiconductors have dominated the research stage on thermal-to-electrical energy conversion, carbon-based semiconductors have recently attracted a great deal of attention as potential thermoelectric materials for low-temperature energy harvesting, primarily driven by the high abundance of their atomic elements, ease of processing/manufacturing, and intrinsically low thermal conductivity. This quest for new materials has resulted in the discovery of several new kinds of thermoelectric materials and concepts capable of converting a heat flux into an electrical current by means of various types of particles transporting the electric charge: (i) electrons, (ii) ions, and (iii) redox molecules. This has contributed to expanding the applications envisaged for thermoelectric materials far beyond simple conversion of heat into electricity. This is the motivation behind this review. This work is divided in three sections. In the first section, we present the basic principle of the thermoelectric effects when the particles transporting the electric charge are electrons, ions, and redox molecules and describe the conceptual differences between the three thermodiffusion phenomena. In the second section, we review the efforts made on developing devices exploiting these three effects and give a thorough understanding of what limits their performance. In the third section, we review the state-of-the-art thermoelectric materials investigated so far and provide a comprehensive understanding of what limits charge and energy transport in each of these classes of materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Massetti
- Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-60174 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Fei Jiao
- Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-60174 Norrköping, Sweden.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Andrew J Ferguson
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado, 80401 United States
| | - Dan Zhao
- Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-60174 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Kosala Wijeratne
- Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-60174 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Alois Würger
- Laboratoire Ondes et Matière d'Aquitaine, Université de Bordeaux, 351 cours de la Libération, F-33405 Talence Cedex, France
| | | | - Xavier Crispin
- Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-60174 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Simone Fabiano
- Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-60174 Norrköping, Sweden
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Tonga M, Wei L. A facile strategy for the development of n‒type carbon nanotube composites with tunable thermoelectric properties via thiol‒ene chemistry. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.123805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Chatterjee K, Ghosh TK. Thermoelectric Materials for Textile Applications. Molecules 2021; 26:3154. [PMID: 34070466 PMCID: PMC8197455 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Since prehistoric times, textiles have served an important role-providing necessary protection and comfort. Recently, the rise of electronic textiles (e-textiles) as part of the larger efforts to develop smart textiles, has paved the way for enhancing textile functionalities including sensing, energy harvesting, and active heating and cooling. Recent attention has focused on the integration of thermoelectric (TE) functionalities into textiles-making fabrics capable of either converting body heating into electricity (Seebeck effect) or conversely using electricity to provide next-to-skin heating/cooling (Peltier effect). Various TE materials have been explored, classified broadly into (i) inorganic, (ii) organic, and (iii) hybrid organic-inorganic. TE figure-of-merit (ZT) is commonly used to correlate Seebeck coefficient, electrical and thermal conductivity. For textiles, it is important to think of appropriate materials not just in terms of ZT, but also whether they are flexible, conformable, and easily processable. Commercial TEs usually compromise rigid, sometimes toxic, inorganic materials such as bismuth and lead. For textiles, organic and hybrid TE materials are more appropriate. Carbon-based TE materials have been especially attractive since graphene and carbon nanotubes have excellent transport properties with easy modifications to create TE materials with high ZT and textile compatibility. This review focuses on flexible TE materials and their integration into textiles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tushar K. Ghosh
- Department of Textile Engineering, Chemistry and Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA;
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An Approach toward the Realization of a Through-Thickness Glass Fiber/Epoxy Thermoelectric Generator. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14092173. [PMID: 33922849 PMCID: PMC8123049 DOI: 10.3390/ma14092173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The present study demonstrates, for the first time, the ability of a 10-ply glass fiber-reinforced polymer composite laminate to operate as a structural through-thickness thermoelectric generator. For this purpose, inorganic tellurium nanowires were mixed with single-wall carbon nanotubes in a wet chemical approach, capable of resulting in a flexible p-type thermoelectric material with a power factor value of 58.88 μW/m·K2. This material was used to prepare an aqueous thermoelectric ink, which was then deposited onto a glass fiber substrate via a simple dip-coating process. The coated glass fiber ply was laminated as top lamina with uncoated glass fiber plies underneath to manufacture a thermoelectric composite capable of generating 54.22 nW power output at a through-thickness temperature difference οf 100 K. The mechanical properties of the proposed through-thickness thermoelectric laminate were tested and compared with those of the plain laminates. A minor reduction of approximately 11.5% was displayed in both the flexural modulus and strength after the integration of the thermoelectric ply. Spectroscopic and morphological analyses were also employed to characterize the obtained thermoelectric nanomaterials and the respective coated glass fiber ply.
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10
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Liu Y, Villalva DR, Sharma A, Haque MA, Baran D. Molecular Doping of a Naphthalene Diimide-Bithiophene Copolymer and SWCNTs for n-Type Thermoelectric Composites. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:411-418. [PMID: 33373201 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c16740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Molecular doping is a powerful tool to tune the thermoelectric (TE) properties of solution-processed semiconductors. In this work, we prepared a binary composite and effectively doped both of its constituents, that is, naphthalene diimide-bithiophene copolymers (PNDI2OD-T2) and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), by a 1H-benzimidazole derivative (N-DMBI). The doped composites show an n-type character and an in-plane TE figure of merit (ZT), exceeding the values obtained with the doped polymers. The use of SWCNTs consistently results in a higher σ with a maximum value above 102 S/cm, resulting in the highest power factor of 18.1 μW/mK2 for an SWCNT loading of 45.5 wt %. Furthermore, an SWCNT content up to 9 wt % does not compromise the low thermal conductivity of the polymer matrices, leading to a ZT value of 0.0045. The n-type composites show good solution processability and relatively stable Seebeck coefficients upon air exposure for 8 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Liu
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, KAUST Solar Center (KSC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Diego Rosas Villalva
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, KAUST Solar Center (KSC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anirudh Sharma
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, KAUST Solar Center (KSC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Md Azimul Haque
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, KAUST Solar Center (KSC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Derya Baran
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, KAUST Solar Center (KSC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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Zahra T, Ahmad KS, Ali D. Ecospheric Decontamination Attained via Green Nanobiotechnological NiO-Based Nanocatalyst Derived from Nature's Biofactories. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:8357-8367. [PMID: 33149580 PMCID: PMC7605640 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s272726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Water contamination from dye effluents from various industrial sources has become a major challenge of the scientific community that is difficult to remediate using orthodox chemical and biological procedures. As such, there is a need for more suitable and cost-effective ways to treat such effluents. The present work describes a green-synthesis approach for preparation of three types of Ni-based oxides as effective catalytic materials to remove environmental pollutants. Metal oxide nanomaterials are cheap, abundant, and ecofriendly earth metals, and thus are promising materials for catalytic applications for environmental detoxification. METHODS An aqueous leaf extract of Prunus persica was used as a reducing agent for the synthesis of NiO, NiO-PdO, and NiO-ZnO nanoparticles (NPs). The leaf extract was treated with each metal-salt precursor based on sol-gel synthesis, and then the final procured NPs were analyzed by spectroscopic techniques for structural and morphological makeup. The pure NPs were further explored for catalytic degradation of hazardous aqueous dye at ambient conditions, instead of following any sophisticated experimental conditions. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Morphological features revealed the pure formation of NiO, NiO-ZnO, and NiO-PdO NPs of size <100nm, characterized by X-ray diffraction spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Catalytic tests with methyl orange revealed the remediation potential of synthesized material, showing the pseudo-first order kinetics (R 2<1) for NiO, NiO-PdO, and NiO-ZnO. NiO-ZnO gave outstanding results both in dark (R 2=0.88) and light (R 2=0.82) with degradation percentage of 99% (dark) in comparison with the other two catalysts. Moreover, excellent catalyst stability for NiO-ZnO) was observed, even after the fourth cycle, under both light and dark conditions and was separated easily during centrifugation. CONCLUSION Although all three materials depicted the degradation potential with good stability, but the NiO-ZnO catalyst was the best catalytic material in the present investigation, with prominent degradation percentage, and can be considered as an efficient catalytic material. Thus, we conclude that P. persica-inspired catalytic material could pave the path toward environmental remediation, alternative clean energy, and other biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taghazal Zahra
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Khuram Shahzad Ahmad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Fatima Jinnah Women University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Dauod Ali
- Department of Zoology, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh11451, Saudi Arabia
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12
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Rapid and high-resolution patterning of microstructure and composition in organic semiconductors using 'molecular gates'. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3610. [PMID: 32680991 PMCID: PMC7367850 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17361-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Photolithography has been a major enabling tool for miniaturisation of silicon devices that underpinned the electronics revolution. Rapid, high-resolution patterning of key material characteristics would, similarly, accelerate the advent of molecular electronics and photonics. Here we advance a versatile approach employing local diffusion of functional small-molecular compounds through a solution-processed ‘molecular gate’ interlayer. Diffusion is activated using laser light or solvent vapour jets―a process that can be finely modulated down to molecule-on-demand deposition precision with almost photolithographic resolution (<5 μm) and speeds (3 mm s–1). Examples of principal pattern types are presented including molecular conformation for integrated photonics; chain orientation for polarised security features and micro-engineered electronics; and doping with local conductivity values >3 S cm–1 for improved electronic devices. Finally, we demonstrate the unique capability for one-step patterning of multiple functionalities by spatially modulating composition in ternary blends, leading to locally tunable photoluminescence from blue to red. Although high‐resolution methods such as photolithography allow for organic semiconductor patterning, they are often limited by their high complexity. Here, the authors report a versatile “molecular gate”‐based method for micro‐patterning organic semiconductor films.
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13
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Screening of Different Carbon Nanotubes in Melt-Mixed Polymer Composites with Different Polymer Matrices for Their Thermoelectrical Properties. JOURNAL OF COMPOSITES SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/jcs3040106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to reveal the influences of carbon nanotube (CNT) and polymer type as well as CNT content on electrical conductivity, Seebeck coefficient (S), and the resulting power factor (PF) and figure of merit (ZT). Different commercially available and laboratory made CNTs were used to prepare melt-mixed composites on a small scale. CNTs typically lead to p-type composites with positive S-values. This was found for the two types of multi-walled CNTs (MWCNT) whereby higher Seebeck coefficient in the corresponding buckypapers resulted in higher values also in the composites. Nitrogen doped MWCNTs resulted in negative S-values in the buckypapers as well as in the polymer composites. When using single-walled CNTs (SWCNTs) with a positive S-value in the buckypapers, positive (polypropylene (PP), polycarbonate (PC), poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF), and poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT)) or negative (polyamide 66 (PA66), polyamide 6 (PA6), partially aromatic polyamide (PARA), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS)) S-values were obtained depending on the matrix polymer and SWCNT type. The study shows that the direct production of n-type melt-mixed polymer composites from p-type commercial SWCNTs with relatively high Seebeck coefficients is possible. The highest Seebeck coefficients obtained in this study were 66.4 µV/K (PBT/7 wt % SWCNT Tuball) and −57.1 µV/K (ABS/0.5 wt % SWCNT Tuball) for p- and n-type composites, respectively. The highest power factor and ZT of 0.28 µW/m·K2 and 3.1 × 10−4, respectively, were achieved in PBT with 4 wt % SWCNT Tuball.
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14
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Modulating Carrier Type for Enhanced Thermoelectric Performance of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes/Polyethyleneimine Composites. Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:polym11081295. [PMID: 31382416 PMCID: PMC6723296 DOI: 10.3390/polym11081295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermoelectric (TE) generators consisting of flexible and lightweight p- and n-type single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT)-based composites have potential applications in powering wearable electronics using the temperature difference between the human body and the environment. Tuning the TE properties of SWCNTs, particularly p- versus n-type control, is currently of significant interest. Herein, the TE properties of SWCNT-based flexible films consisting of SWCNTs doped with polyethyleneimine (PEI) were evaluated. The carrier type of the SWCNT/PEI composites was modulated by regulating the proportion of SWCNTs and PEI using simple mixing techniques. The as-prepared SWCNT/PEI composite films were switched from p- to n-type by the addition of a high amount of PEI (>13.0 wt.%). Moreover, interconnected SWCNTs networks were formed due to the excellent SWNT dispersion and film formation. These parameters were improved by the addition of PEI and Nafion, which facilitated effective carrier transport. A TE generator with three thermocouples of p- and n-type SWCNT/PEI flexible composite films delivered an open circuit voltage of 17 mV and a maximum output power of 224 nW at the temperature gradient of 50 K. These promising results showed that the flexible SWCNT/PEI composites have potential applications in wearable and autonomous devices.
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15
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Ha JU, Cho J, Yoon S, Jang MS, Hassan SZ, Kang MG, Chung DS. Polyvinyl alcohol covalently grafted CNT for free-standing, flexible, and high-performance thermoelectric generator film. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 30:14LT01. [PMID: 30673640 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab0121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We introduce a strategic approach to synthesize covalntly cross-linked carbon nanotube (CNT)-polymer nanocomposites, which can be applied as a free-standing and flexible organic thermoelectric generator film. Esterification of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) to render PVA-COOH followed by an amide reaction with single-walled CNTs (SWCNTs) functionalized with amino groups (SWCNT-NH2) yielded a covalently grafted PVA/SWCNT composite film with an excellent dispersion of SWCNTs within the polymer matrix as confirmed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. This amide reaction could be further optimized with the addition of a small amount of Triton™ X-100, which resulted in a better dispersion of SWCNT prior to the amide condensation reaction. Consequently, a covalently cross-linked PVA/SWCNT composite film showed better Seebeck coefficients than those of previously reported non-covalently, physically wrapped polymer/CNT composite films, resulting in a high power factor up to 275 μW m-1 K-2. Furthermore, a covalent amide-linking between PVA and SWCNT yielded a free-standing film (30 × 30 mm) with excellent flexibility and notable shelf stability as confirmed by negligible changes in thermoelectric parameters after bending test for 10 000 times with a bending radius of 2 mm and also shelf stability test in ambient condition without any passivation layer for 30 d.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Un Ha
- Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
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16
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Chiang WH, Iihara Y, Li WT, Hsieh CY, Lo SC, Goto C, Tani A, Kawai T, Nonoguchi Y. Enhanced Thermoelectric Properties of Boron-Substituted Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Films. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:7235-7241. [PMID: 30556999 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b14616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Atomic doping is the most fundamental approach to modulating the transport properties of carbon nanotubes. In this paper, we demonstrate the enhanced thermoelectric properties of boron-substituted single-walled carbon nanotube (B-SWCNT) films. The developed two-step synthesis of large quantities of B-SWCNTs readily enables the measurements of thermoelectricity of bulk B-SWCNT films. Complementary structural characterization implies the unique configuration of boron atoms at the doping sites of SWCNTs, successfully enabling carrier doping to SWCNTs. The developed boron substitution, in combination with chemical doping, is found to substantially improve the thermoelectric properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hung Chiang
- Department of Chemical Engineering , National Taiwan University of Science and Technology , Taipei 10607 , Taiwan
| | - Yu Iihara
- Division of Materials Science , Nara Institute of Science and Technology , Ikoma 630-0192 , Japan
| | - Wei-Ting Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering , National Taiwan University of Science and Technology , Taipei 10607 , Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yu Hsieh
- Material and Chemical Research Laboratories , Industrial Technology Research Institute , Hsinchu 30013 , Taiwan
| | - Shen-Chuan Lo
- Material and Chemical Research Laboratories , Industrial Technology Research Institute , Hsinchu 30013 , Taiwan
| | - Chigusa Goto
- Division of Materials Science , Nara Institute of Science and Technology , Ikoma 630-0192 , Japan
| | - Atsushi Tani
- Division of Materials Science , Nara Institute of Science and Technology , Ikoma 630-0192 , Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Kawai
- Division of Materials Science , Nara Institute of Science and Technology , Ikoma 630-0192 , Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Nonoguchi
- Division of Materials Science , Nara Institute of Science and Technology , Ikoma 630-0192 , Japan
- JST, PRESTO, Kawaguchi 332-0012 , Japan
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17
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He P, Shimano S, Salikolimi K, Isoshima T, Kakefuda Y, Mori T, Taguchi Y, Ito Y, Kawamoto M. Noncovalent Modification of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Using Thermally Cleavable Polythiophenes for Solution-Processed Thermoelectric Films. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:4211-4218. [PMID: 30516052 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b14820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Four thermally cleavable polythiophene derivatives containing carbonate and solubilizing groups were synthesized for noncovalent modification of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). A well-dispersed polythiophene/SWCNTs composite was obtained by adsorption of the polymer at the SWCNT surface. The solution-processed composite film exhibited solid-state thermal cleavage of the insulating solubilizing group through decarboxylation, producing an insoluble composite film. The thermally cleavable composite film was evaluated for potential application as a thermoelectric (TE) material. The electrical conductivity (σ) of the thermally treated composite film was up to 250 times higher than that of the as-prepared composite film. The increased σ contributed to an increase in the power factor (PF). The ethanol-processed composite film could be applicable for green processing of a TE material using the less-toxic solvent. The substrate-free polythiophene/SWCNTs composite film prepared by simple solvent evaporation yielded a figure-of-merit of 3.1 × 10-2 with a PF of 28.8 μW m-1 K-2 at 25 °C. This solution-processed methodology is beneficial for the development of a flexible TE material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan He
- Emergent Bioengineering Materials Research Team , RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS) , 2-1 Hirosawa , Wako , Saitama 351-0198 , Japan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering , Changchun University of Science and Technology , Changchun 130022 , China
| | - Satoshi Shimano
- Strong Correlation Materials Research Group , RIKEN CEMS , 2-1 Hirosawa , Wako , Saitama 351-0198 , Japan
| | - Krishnachary Salikolimi
- Emergent Bioengineering Materials Research Team , RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS) , 2-1 Hirosawa , Wako , Saitama 351-0198 , Japan
| | - Takashi Isoshima
- Nano Medical Engineering Laboratory , RIKEN Center for Pioneering Research , 2-1 Hirosawa , Wako , Saitama 351-0198 , Japan
| | - Yohei Kakefuda
- WPI-MANA and Center for Functional Sensor & Actuator , National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) , 1-1-1 Namiki , Tsukuba 305-0044 , Japan
| | - Takao Mori
- WPI-MANA and Center for Functional Sensor & Actuator , National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS) , 1-1-1 Namiki , Tsukuba 305-0044 , Japan
| | - Yasujiro Taguchi
- Strong Correlation Materials Research Group , RIKEN CEMS , 2-1 Hirosawa , Wako , Saitama 351-0198 , Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ito
- Emergent Bioengineering Materials Research Team , RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS) , 2-1 Hirosawa , Wako , Saitama 351-0198 , Japan
- Nano Medical Engineering Laboratory , RIKEN Center for Pioneering Research , 2-1 Hirosawa , Wako , Saitama 351-0198 , Japan
| | - Masuki Kawamoto
- Emergent Bioengineering Materials Research Team , RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS) , 2-1 Hirosawa , Wako , Saitama 351-0198 , Japan
- Nano Medical Engineering Laboratory , RIKEN Center for Pioneering Research , 2-1 Hirosawa , Wako , Saitama 351-0198 , Japan
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering , Saitama University , 255 Shimo-Okubo , Sakura-ku, Saitama 338-8570 , Japan
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18
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Kumar P, Zaia EW, Yildirim E, Repaka DVM, Yang SW, Urban JJ, Hippalgaonkar K. Polymer morphology and interfacial charge transfer dominate over energy-dependent scattering in organic-inorganic thermoelectrics. Nat Commun 2018; 9:5347. [PMID: 30559464 PMCID: PMC6297356 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07435-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Hybrid (organic-inorganic) materials have emerged as a promising class of thermoelectric materials, achieving power factors (S2σ) exceeding those of either constituent. The mechanism of this enhancement is still under debate, and pinpointing the underlying physics has proven difficult. In this work, we combine transport measurements with theoretical simulations and first principles calculations on a prototypical PEDOT:PSS-Te(Cux) nanowire hybrid material system to understand the effect of templating and charge redistribution on the thermoelectric performance. Further, we apply the recently developed Kang-Snyder charge transport model to show that scattering of holes in the hybrid system, defined by the energy-dependent scattering parameter, remains the same as in the host polymer matrix; performance is instead dictated by polymer morphology manifested in an energy-independent transport coefficient. We build upon this language to explain thermoelectric behavior in a variety of PEDOT and P3HT based hybrids acting as a guide for future work in multiphase materials. To realize the potential of soft hybrid (inorganic-organic) materials for thermoelectrics, the underlying transport-related physics must be understood. Here, the authors extend the Kang-Synder framework with experimental analysis to gain insight on the thermoelectric transport in hybrid materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawan Kumar
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Edmond W Zaia
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.,Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, 201 Gilman Hall, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Erol Yildirim
- Institute of High Performance Computing, 1 Fusionopolis Way, #16-16 Connexis, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, 138632, Singapore
| | - D V Maheswar Repaka
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Shuo-Wang Yang
- Institute of High Performance Computing, 1 Fusionopolis Way, #16-16 Connexis, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, 138632, Singapore
| | - Jeffrey J Urban
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
| | - Kedar Hippalgaonkar
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, #08-03, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, 138634, Singapore.
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19
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Culebras M, Choi K, Cho C. Recent Progress in Flexible Organic Thermoelectrics. MICROMACHINES 2018; 9:E638. [PMID: 30513632 PMCID: PMC6316489 DOI: 10.3390/mi9120638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Environmental energy issues caused by the burning of fossil fuel such as coal, and petroleum, and the limited resources along with the increasing world population pose a world-wide challenge. Alternative energy sources including solar energy, wind energy, and biomass energy, have been suggested as practical and affordable solutions to future energy needs. Among energy conversion technologies, thermoelectric (TE) materials are considered one of the most potential candidates to play a crucial role in addressing today's global energy issues. TE materials can convert waste heat such as the sun, automotive exhaust, and industrial processes to a useful electrical voltage with no moving parts, no hazardous working chemical-fluids, low maintenance costs, and high reliability. These advantages of TE conversion provide solutions to solve the energy crisis. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the recent progress on organic TE materials, focused on polymers and their corresponding organic composites incorporated with carbon nanofillers (including graphene and carbon nanotubes). Various strategies to enhance the TE properties, such as electrical conductivity and the Seebeck coefficient, in polymers and polymer composites will be highlighted. Then, a discussion on polymer composite based TE devices is summarized. Finally, brief conclusions and outlooks for future research efforts are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Culebras
- Stokes Laboratories, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
| | - Kyungwho Choi
- Transportation Innovative Research Center, Korea Railroad Research Institute, Uiwang-si 16105, Korea.
| | - Chungyeon Cho
- Department of Carbon Convergence Engineering, College of Engineering, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea.
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20
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Yang CY, Jin WL, Wang J, Ding YF, Nong S, Shi K, Lu Y, Dai YZ, Zhuang FD, Lei T, Di CA, Zhu D, Wang JY, Pei J. Enhancing the n-Type Conductivity and Thermoelectric Performance of Donor-Acceptor Copolymers through Donor Engineering. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1802850. [PMID: 30252162 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201802850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Conjugated polymers with high thermoelectric performance enable the fabrication of low-cost, large-area, low-toxicity, and highly flexible thermoelectric devices. However, compared to their p-type counterparts, n-type polymer thermoelectric materials show much lower performance, which is largely due to inefficient doping and a much lower conductivity. Herein, it is reported that the development of a donor-acceptor (D-A) polymer with enhanced n-doping efficiency through donor engineering of the polymer backbone. Both a high n-type electrical conductivity of 1.30 S cm-1 and an excellent power factor (PF) of 4.65 µW mK-2 are obtained, which are the highest reported values among D-A polymers. The results of multiple characterization techniques indicate that electron-withdrawing modification of the donor units enhances the electron affinity of the polymer and changes the polymer packing orientation, leading to substantially improved miscibility and n-doping efficiency. Unlike previous studies in which improving the polymer-dopant miscibility typically resulted in lower mobilities, the strategy maintains the mobility of the polymer. All these factors lead to prominent enhancement of three orders magnitude in both the electrical conductivity and the PF compared to those of the non-engineered polymer. The results demonstrate that proper donor engineering can enhance the n-doping efficiency, electrical conductivity, and thermoelectric performance of D-A copolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Yuan Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Wen-Long Jin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Jue Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yi-Fan Ding
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Shuying Nong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Ke Shi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yang Lu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Ya-Zhong Dai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Fang-Dong Zhuang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Ting Lei
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Chong-An Di
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Daoben Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Jie-Yu Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jian Pei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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21
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Ryan JD, Lund A, Hofmann AI, Kroon R, Sarabia-Riquelme R, Weisenberger MC, Müller C. All-Organic Textile Thermoelectrics with Carbon-Nanotube-Coated n-Type Yarns. ACS APPLIED ENERGY MATERIALS 2018; 1:2934-2941. [PMID: 29963656 PMCID: PMC6020086 DOI: 10.1021/acsaem.8b00617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Thermoelectric textiles that are able to generate electricity from heat gradients may find use as power sources for a wide range of miniature wearable electronics. To realize such thermoelectric textiles, both p- and n-type yarns are needed. The realization of air-stable and flexible n-type yarns, i.e., conducting yarns where electrons are the majority charge carriers, presents a considerable challenge due to the scarcity of air-stable n-doped organic materials. Here, we realize such n-type yarns by coating commercial sewing threads with a nanocomposite of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) and poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP). Our n-type yarns have a bulk conductivity of 1 S cm-1 and a Seebeck coefficient of -14 μV K-1, which is stable for several months at ambient conditions. We combine our coated n-type yarns with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) dyed silk yarns, constituting the p-type component, to realize a textile thermoelectric module with 38 n/p elements, which are capable of producing an open-circuit voltage of 143 mV when exposed to a temperature gradient of 116 °C and a maximum power output of 7.1 nW at a temperature gradient of 80 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason D. Ryan
- Department of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University
of Technology, 41296 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Anja Lund
- Department of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University
of Technology, 41296 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Anna I. Hofmann
- Department of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University
of Technology, 41296 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Renee Kroon
- Department of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University
of Technology, 41296 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Ruben Sarabia-Riquelme
- Department of Applied Energy Research, University of Kentucky, 2540 Research Park Drive, Lexington, Kentucky 40511, United States
| | - Matthew C. Weisenberger
- Department of Applied Energy Research, University of Kentucky, 2540 Research Park Drive, Lexington, Kentucky 40511, United States
| | - Christian Müller
- Department of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University
of Technology, 41296 Göteborg, Sweden
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22
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Cheng XL, Zhang YF, Wu YG, Fu P, Lin ZD, Du FP, Cheng C. Thermally Sensitive N-Type Thermoelectric Aniline Oligomer-Block-Polyethylene Glycol-Block-Aniline Oligomer ABA Triblock Copolymers. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201700635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Le Cheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Wuhan Institute of Technology; Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Yun-Fei Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Wuhan Institute of Technology; Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Yan-Guang Wu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Wuhan Institute of Technology; Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Ping Fu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Wuhan Institute of Technology; Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Zhi-Dong Lin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Wuhan Institute of Technology; Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Fei-Peng Du
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Wuhan Institute of Technology; Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Chun Cheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering; Southern University of Science and Technology; Shenzhen 518055 China
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23
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Horike S, Fukushima T, Saito T, Koshiba Y, Ishida K. Photoinduced charge-carrier modulation of inkjet-printed carbon nanotubes via poly(vinyl acetate) doping and dedoping for thermoelectric generators. Chem Phys Lett 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2017.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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24
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Hynynen J, Kiefer D, Müller C. Influence of crystallinity on the thermoelectric power factor of P3HT vapour-doped with F4TCNQ. RSC Adv 2018; 8:1593-1599. [PMID: 35540921 PMCID: PMC9077114 DOI: 10.1039/c7ra11912g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Doping of the conjugated polymer poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) with the p-dopant 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (F4TCNQ) is a widely used model system for organic thermoelectrics. We here study how the crystalline order influences the Seebeck coefficient of P3HT films doped with F4TCNQ from the vapour phase, which leads to a similar number of F4TCNQ anions and hence (bound + mobile) charge carriers of about 2 × 10−4 mol cm−3. We find that the Seebeck coefficient first slightly increases with the degree of order, but then again decreases for the most crystalline P3HT films. We assign this behaviour to the introduction of new states in the bandgap due to planarisation of polymer chains, and an increase in the number of mobile charge carriers, respectively. Overall, the Seebeck coefficient varies between about 40 to 60 μV K−1. In contrast, the electrical conductivity steadily increases with the degree of order, reaching a value of more than 10 S cm−1, which we explain with the pronounced influence of the semi-crystalline nanostructure on the charge-carrier mobility. Overall, the thermoelectric power factor of F4TCNQ vapour-doped P3HT increases by one order of magnitude, and adopts a value of about 3 μW m−1 K−2 in the case of the highest degree of crystalline order. The crystallinity of P3HT strongly benefits the electrical conductivity but not Seebeck coefficient, leading to an increase in power factor by one order of magnitude.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonna Hynynen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Chalmers University of Technology
- 41296 Göteborg
- Sweden
| | - David Kiefer
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Chalmers University of Technology
- 41296 Göteborg
- Sweden
| | - Christian Müller
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Chalmers University of Technology
- 41296 Göteborg
- Sweden
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25
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Pan G, Yao Y, Zeng X, Sun J, Hu J, Sun R, Xu JB, Wong CP. Learning from Natural Nacre: Constructing Layered Polymer Composites with High Thermal Conductivity. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:33001-33010. [PMID: 28871780 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b10115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by the microstructures of naturally layered and highly oriented materials, such as natural nacre, we report a thermally conductive polymer composite that consists of epoxy resin and Al2O3 platelets deposited with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Owing to their unique two-dimensional structure, Al2O3 platelets are stacked together via a hot-pressing technique, resulting in a brick-and-mortar structure, which is similar to the one of natural nacre. Moreover, the AgNPs deposited on the surfaces of the Al2O3 platelets act as bridges that link the adjacent Al2O3 platelets due to the reduced melting point of the AgNPs. As a result, the polymer composite with 50 wt % filler achieves a maximum thermal conductivity of 6.71 W m-1 K-1. In addition, the small addition of AgNPs (0.6 wt %) minimally affects the electrical insulation of the composites. Our bioinspired approach will find uses in the design and fabrication of thermally conductive materials for thermal management in modern electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiran Pan
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenzhen 518055, China
- Department of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum , Beijing 102249, China
| | - Yimin Yao
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen College of Advanced Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiaoliang Zeng
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jiajia Sun
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenzhen 518055, China
- Department of Nano Science and Technology Institute, University of Science and Technology of China , Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Jiantao Hu
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenzhen 518055, China
- Department of Nano Science and Technology Institute, University of Science and Technology of China , Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Rong Sun
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Jian-Bin Xu
- Department of Electronics Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Ching-Ping Wong
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shenzhen 518055, China
- Department of Electronics Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong 999077, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology , Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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26
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Andrei V, Bethke K, Madzharova F, Bronneberg AC, Kneipp J, Rademann K. In Situ Complementary Doping, Thermoelectric Improvements, and Strain-Induced Structure within Alternating PEDOT:PSS/PANI Layers. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:33308-33316. [PMID: 28870076 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b10106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Although the deposition of alternating layers from poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) and polyaniline (PANI) salts has recently provided a breakthrough in the field of conductive polymers, the cause for the conductivity improvement has remained unclear. In this work, we report a cooperative doping effect between alternating PANI base and PEDOT:PSS layers, resulting in electrical conductivities of 50-100 S cm-1 and power factors of up to 3.0 ± 0.5 μW m-1 K-2, which surpass some of the recent values obtained for protonated PANI/PEDOT:PSS multilayers by a factor of 20. In this case, the simultaneous improvement in the electrical conductivity of both types of layers is caused by the in situ protonation of PANI, which corresponds to the removal of the excess acidic PSS chains from the PEDOT:PSS grains. The interplay between the functional groups' reactivity and the supramolecular chain reorganization leads to an array of preparation-dependent phenomena, including a stepwise increase in the film thickness, an alternation in the electrical conductivity, and the formation of a diverse surface landscape. The latter effect can be traced to a buildup of strain within the layers, which results in either the formation of folds or the shrinkage of the film. These results open new paths for designing nanostructured thin-film thermoelectrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virgil Andrei
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin , Brook-Taylor-Straße 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kevin Bethke
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin , Brook-Taylor-Straße 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Fani Madzharova
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin , Brook-Taylor-Straße 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Aafke Cecile Bronneberg
- Institute for Solar Fuels, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH , Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, 14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - Janina Kneipp
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin , Brook-Taylor-Straße 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus Rademann
- Department of Chemistry, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin , Brook-Taylor-Straße 2, 12489 Berlin, Germany
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27
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Jia H, Ju Z, Tao X, Yao X, Wang Y. P-N Conversion in a Water-Ionic Liquid Binary System for Nonredox Thermocapacitive Converters. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:7600-7605. [PMID: 28700242 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b00746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
An intriguing p-n conversion of thermoelectric property was observed in a water-ionic liquid ([EMIm][Ac]) binary system with precise control over water content. The highest p-type and n-type Seebeck coefficient were optimized at water-[EMIm][Ac] molar ratio of 2:1 and 4:1, respectively. DFT calculation illustrates that a configuration of solvent separation ion pairs is preferred at the water-[EMIm][Ac] molar ratio of 4:1, leading to the p-n conversion through weakening interaction between anion clusters and gold electrodes. Furthermore, p-n thermocapacitive converters were integrated to enhance the output Seebeck voltages. This work opens up new perspectives for harvesting low grade heat with the use of fluidic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyu Jia
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China , 100872, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaoyang Ju
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100190, Beijing, China
| | - Xinglei Tao
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China , 100872, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqian Yao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences , 100190, Beijing, China
| | - Yapei Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Renmin University of China , 100872, Beijing, China
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28
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Luo J, Cerretti G, Krause B, Zhang L, Otto T, Jenschke W, Ullrich M, Tremel W, Voit B, Pötschke P. Polypropylene-based melt mixed composites with singlewalled carbon nanotubes for thermoelectric applications: Switching from p-type to n-type by the addition of polyethylene glycol. POLYMER 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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29
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Kroon R, Mengistie DA, Kiefer D, Hynynen J, Ryan JD, Yu L, Müller C. Thermoelectric plastics: from design to synthesis, processing and structure-property relationships. Chem Soc Rev 2016; 45:6147-6164. [PMID: 27385496 PMCID: PMC5123640 DOI: 10.1039/c6cs00149a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Thermoelectric plastics are a class of polymer-based materials that combine the ability to directly convert heat to electricity, and vice versa, with ease of processing. Potential applications include waste heat recovery, spot cooling and miniature power sources for autonomous electronics. Recent progress has led to surging interest in organic thermoelectrics. This tutorial review discusses the current trends in the field with regard to the four main building blocks of thermoelectric plastics: (1) organic semiconductors and in particular conjugated polymers, (2) dopants and counterions, (3) insulating polymers, and (4) conductive fillers. The design and synthesis of conjugated polymers that promise to show good thermoelectric properties are explored, followed by an overview of relevant structure-property relationships. Doping of conjugated polymers is discussed and its interplay with processing as well as structure formation is elucidated. The use of insulating polymers as binders or matrices is proposed, which permit the adjustment of the rheological and mechanical properties of a thermoelectric plastic. Then, nanocomposites of conductive fillers such as carbon nanotubes, graphene and inorganic nanowires in a polymer matrix are introduced. A case study examines poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) based materials, which up to now have shown the most promising thermoelectric performance. Finally, a discussion of the advantages provided by bulk architectures e.g. for wearable applications highlights the unique advantages that thermoelectric plastics promise to offer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee Kroon
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Göteborg, Sweden.
| | - Desalegn Alemu Mengistie
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Göteborg, Sweden.
| | - David Kiefer
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Göteborg, Sweden.
| | - Jonna Hynynen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Göteborg, Sweden.
| | - Jason D Ryan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Göteborg, Sweden.
| | - Liyang Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Göteborg, Sweden.
| | - Christian Müller
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Göteborg, Sweden.
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30
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Mai CK, Liu J, Evans CM, Segalman RA, Chabinyc ML, Cahill DG, Bazan GC. Anisotropic Thermal Transport in Thermoelectric Composites of Conjugated Polyelectrolytes/Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b00546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Kang Mai
- Center
for Polymers and Organic Solids, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93117, United States
| | - Jun Liu
- Department
of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Christopher M. Evans
- Departments
of Chemical Engineering and Materials, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa
Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Rachel A. Segalman
- Departments
of Chemical Engineering and Materials, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa
Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Michael L. Chabinyc
- Departments
of Chemical Engineering and Materials, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa
Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - David G. Cahill
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering and Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Guillermo C. Bazan
- Center
for Polymers and Organic Solids, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93117, United States
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