1
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Baranowski M, Nowok A, Galkowski K, Dyksik M, Surrente A, Maude D, Zacharias M, Volonakis G, Stranks SD, Even J, Maczka M, Nicholas R, Plochocka P. Polaronic Mass Enhancement and Polaronic Excitons in Metal Halide Perovskites. ACS ENERGY LETTERS 2024; 9:2696-2702. [PMID: 38903402 PMCID: PMC11187632 DOI: 10.1021/acsenergylett.4c00905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
In metal halide perovskites, the complex dielectric screening together with low energy of phonon modes leads to non-negligible Fröhlich coupling. While this feature of perovskites has already been used to explain some of the puzzling aspects of carrier transport in these materials, the possible impact of polaronic effects on the optical response, especially excitonic properties, is much less explored. Here, with the use of magneto-optical spectroscopy, we revealed the non-hydrogenic character of the excitons in metal halide perovskites, resulting from the pronounced Fröhlich coupling. Our results can be well described by the polaronic-exciton picture where electron and hole interactions are no longer described by a Coulomb potential. Furthermore, we show experimental evidence that the carrier-phonon interaction leads to the enhancement of the carrier's effective mass. Notably, our measurements reveal a pronounced temperature dependence of the carrier's effective mass, which we attribute to a band structure renormalization induced by the population of low-energy phonon modes. This interpretation finds support in our first-principles calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Baranowski
- Department
of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Nowok
- Department
of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
- Laboratoire
National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses, EMFL, CNRS UPR 3228, Université Toulouse, Université Toulouse
3, INSA-T, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Krzysztof Galkowski
- Department
of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Mateusz Dyksik
- Department
of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Alessandro Surrente
- Department
of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Duncan Maude
- Laboratoire
National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses, EMFL, CNRS UPR 3228, Université Toulouse, Université Toulouse
3, INSA-T, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Marios Zacharias
- Université
Rennes, INSA Rennes, CNRS,
Institut FOTON - UMR 6082, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - George Volonakis
- Université
Rennes, ENSCR, INSA Rennes, CNRS, ISCR -
UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Samuel D. Stranks
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, United Kingdom
| | - Jacky Even
- Université
Rennes, INSA Rennes, CNRS,
Institut FOTON - UMR 6082, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Miroslaw Maczka
- Institute
of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Okolna 2, 50-422 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Robin Nicholas
- Department
of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University
of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1
3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Paulina Plochocka
- Department
of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
- Laboratoire
National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses, EMFL, CNRS UPR 3228, Université Toulouse, Université Toulouse
3, INSA-T, 31400 Toulouse, France
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2
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Caicedo-Dávila S, Cohen A, Motti SG, Isobe M, McCall KM, Grumet M, Kovalenko MV, Yaffe O, Herz LM, Fabini DH, Egger DA. Disentangling the effects of structure and lone-pair electrons in the lattice dynamics of halide perovskites. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4184. [PMID: 38760360 PMCID: PMC11101661 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48581-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Halide perovskites show great optoelectronic performance, but their favorable properties are paired with unusually strong anharmonicity. It was proposed that this combination derives from the ns2 electron configuration of octahedral cations and associated pseudo-Jahn-Teller effect. We show that such cations are not a prerequisite for the strong anharmonicity and low-energy lattice dynamics encountered in these materials. We combine X-ray diffraction, infrared and Raman spectroscopies, and molecular dynamics to contrast the lattice dynamics of CsSrBr3 with those of CsPbBr3, two compounds that are structurally similar but with the former lacking ns2 cations with the propensity to form electron lone pairs. We exploit low-frequency diffusive Raman scattering, nominally symmetry-forbidden in the cubic phase, as a fingerprint of anharmonicity and reveal that low-frequency tilting occurs irrespective of octahedral cation electron configuration. This highlights the role of structure in perovskite lattice dynamics, providing design rules for the emerging class of soft perovskite semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián Caicedo-Dávila
- Physics Department, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Adi Cohen
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Silvia G Motti
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Masahiko Isobe
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Kyle M McCall
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, EMPA - Swiss National Laboratories for Materials and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA
| | - Manuel Grumet
- Physics Department, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Maksym V Kovalenko
- Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, EMPA - Swiss National Laboratories for Materials and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Omer Yaffe
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Laura M Herz
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- TUM Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Douglas H Fabini
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Stuttgart, Germany.
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - David A Egger
- Physics Department, TUM School of Natural Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany.
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3
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Jasti NP, Levine I, Feldman Y(I, Hodes G, Aharon S, Cahen D. Experimental evidence for defect tolerance in Pb-halide perovskites. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2316867121. [PMID: 38657051 PMCID: PMC11067022 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2316867121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The term defect tolerance (DT) is used often to rationalize the exceptional optoelectronic properties of halide perovskites (HaPs) and their devices. Even though DT lacked direct experimental evidence, it became a "fact" in the field. DT in semiconductors implies that structural defects do not translate to electrical and optical effects (e.g., due to charge trapping), associated with such defects. We present pioneering direct experimental evidence for DT in Pb-HaPs by comparing the structural quality of 2-dimensional (2D), 2D-3D, and 3D Pb-iodide HaP crystals with their optoelectronic characteristics using high-sensitivity methods. Importantly, we get information from the materials' bulk because we sample at least a few hundred nanometers, up to several micrometers, from the sample's surface, which allows for assessing intrinsic bulk (and not only surface-) properties of HaPs. The results point to DT in 3D, 2D-3D, and 2D Pb-HaPs. Overall, our data provide an experimental basis to rationalize DT in Pb-HaPs. These experiments and findings will help the search for and design of materials with real DT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naga Prathibha Jasti
- Institute for Nanotechnology & Advanced Materials and Department of Chemistry, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan5290002, Israel
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot7610001, Israel
| | - Igal Levine
- Division Solar Energy, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Berlin12489, Germany
| | - Yishay (Isai) Feldman
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot7610001, Israel
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot7610001, Israel
| | - Gary Hodes
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot7610001, Israel
| | - Sigalit Aharon
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot7610001, Israel
| | - David Cahen
- Institute for Nanotechnology & Advanced Materials and Department of Chemistry, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan5290002, Israel
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot7610001, Israel
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4
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Dai D, Agrawal S, Prezhdo OV, Long R. Impact of large A-site cations on electron-vibrational interactions in 2D halide perovskites: Ab initio quantum dynamics. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:114704. [PMID: 38506296 DOI: 10.1063/5.0202251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Using ab initio nonadiabatic molecular dynamics, we study the effect of large A-site cations on nonradiative electron-hole recombination in two-dimensional Ruddlesden-Popper perovskites HA2APb2I7, HA = n-hexylammonium, A = methylammonium (MA), or guanidinium (GA). The steric hindrance created by large GA cations distorts and stiffens the inorganic Pb-I lattice, reduces thermal structural fluctuations, and maintains the delocalization of electrons and holes at ambient and elevated temperatures. The delocalized charges interact more strongly in the GA system than in the MA system, and the charge recombination is accelerated. In contrast, replacement of only some MA cations with GA enhances disorder and increases charge lifetime, as seen in three-dimensional perovskites. This study highlights the key influence of structural fluctuations and disorder on the properties of charge carriers in metal halide perovskites, providing guidance for tuning materials' optoelectronic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Dai
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Sraddha Agrawal
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90007, USA
| | - Oleg V Prezhdo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90007, USA
| | - Run Long
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry of Ministry of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
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5
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Huang L, Wu H, Cai G, Wu S, Li D, Jiang T, Qiao B, Jiang C, Ren F. Recent Progress in the Application of Ion Beam Technology in the Modification and Fabrication of Nanostructured Energy Materials. ACS NANO 2024; 18:2578-2610. [PMID: 38214965 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c07896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
The development of green, renewable energy conversion and storage systems is an urgent task to address the energy crisis and environmental issues in the future. To achieve high performance, stable, and safe operation of energy conversion and storage systems, energy materials need to be modified and fabricated through rationalization. Among various modification and fabrication strategies, ion beam technology has been widely used to introduce various defects/dopants into energy materials and fabricate various nanostructures, where the structure, composition, and property of prefabricated materials can be further accurately tailored to achieve better performance. In this paper, we review the recent progress in the application of ion beam technology in material modification and fabrication, focusing on nanostructured energy materials for energy conversion and storage including photo- (electro-) water splitting, batteries (solar cells, fuel cells, and metal-ion batteries), supercapacitors, thermoelectrics, and hydrogen storage. This review first provides a brief basic overview of ion beam technology and describes the classification and technological advantages of ion beam technology in the modification and fabrication of materials. Then, modification of energy materials by ion beams is reviewed mainly concerning doping and defect introduction. Fabrication of energy materials is also discussed mainly in terms of heterojunctions, nanoparticles, nanocavities, and other nanostructures. In particular, we emphasize the advantages of ion beam technology in improving the performance of energy materials. Finally, we point out our understanding of challenges and future perspectives in applying ion beam technology for the modification and fabrication of energy materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqiu Huang
- School of Physics and Technology, Center for Ion Beam Application, Hubei Key Laboratory of Nuclear Solid Physics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Hengyi Wu
- School of Physics and Technology, Center for Ion Beam Application, Hubei Key Laboratory of Nuclear Solid Physics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Guangxu Cai
- School of Physics and Technology, Center for Ion Beam Application, Hubei Key Laboratory of Nuclear Solid Physics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Shixin Wu
- School of Physics and Technology, Center for Ion Beam Application, Hubei Key Laboratory of Nuclear Solid Physics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Derun Li
- School of Physics and Technology, Center for Ion Beam Application, Hubei Key Laboratory of Nuclear Solid Physics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- School of Physics and Technology, Center for Ion Beam Application, Hubei Key Laboratory of Nuclear Solid Physics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Biyan Qiao
- School of Physics and Technology, Center for Ion Beam Application, Hubei Key Laboratory of Nuclear Solid Physics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Changzhong Jiang
- School of Physics and Technology, Center for Ion Beam Application, Hubei Key Laboratory of Nuclear Solid Physics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Feng Ren
- School of Physics and Technology, Center for Ion Beam Application, Hubei Key Laboratory of Nuclear Solid Physics, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Center for Electron Microscopy, and MOE Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-Structures, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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6
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Gallop NP, Maslennikov DR, Mondal N, Goetz KP, Dai Z, Schankler AM, Sung W, Nihonyanagi S, Tahara T, Bodnarchuk MI, Kovalenko MV, Vaynzof Y, Rappe AM, Bakulin AA. Ultrafast vibrational control of organohalide perovskite optoelectronic devices using vibrationally promoted electronic resonance. NATURE MATERIALS 2024; 23:88-94. [PMID: 37985838 PMCID: PMC10769873 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-023-01723-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Vibrational control (VC) of photochemistry through the optical stimulation of structural dynamics is a nascent concept only recently demonstrated for model molecules in solution. Extending VC to state-of-the-art materials may lead to new applications and improved performance for optoelectronic devices. Metal halide perovskites are promising targets for VC due to their mechanical softness and the rich array of vibrational motions of both their inorganic and organic sublattices. Here, we demonstrate the ultrafast VC of FAPbBr3 perovskite solar cells via intramolecular vibrations of the formamidinium cation using spectroscopic techniques based on vibrationally promoted electronic resonance. The observed short (~300 fs) time window of VC highlights the fast dynamics of coupling between the cation and inorganic sublattice. First-principles modelling reveals that this coupling is mediated by hydrogen bonds that modulate both lead halide lattice and electronic states. Cation dynamics modulating this coupling may suppress non-radiative recombination in perovskites, leading to photovoltaics with reduced voltage losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel P Gallop
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Dmitry R Maslennikov
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Navendu Mondal
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Katelyn P Goetz
- Chair for Emerging Electronic Technologies, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Zhenbang Dai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Aaron M Schankler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Woongmo Sung
- Molecular Spectroscopy Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nihonyanagi
- Molecular Spectroscopy Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics (RAP), RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tahei Tahara
- Molecular Spectroscopy Laboratory, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics (RAP), RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Maryna I Bodnarchuk
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Maksym V Kovalenko
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Yana Vaynzof
- Chair for Emerging Electronic Technologies, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Andrew M Rappe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Artem A Bakulin
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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7
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Lai J, Zhu R, Tan J, Yang Z, Ye S. Stacking Arrangement and Orientation of Aromatic Cations Tune Bandgap and Charge Transport of 2D Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Perovskites. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2303449. [PMID: 37495901 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202303449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Chemical modifications on aromatic spacers of 2D perovskites have been demonstrated to be an effective strategy to simultaneously improve optoelectronic properties and stability. However, its underlying mechanism is poorly understood. By using 2D phenyl-based perovskites ([C6 H5 (CH2 )m NH3 ]2 PbI4 ) as models, the authors have revealed how the chemical nature of aromatic cations tunes the bandgap and charge transport of 2D perovskites by utilizing sum-frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy to determine the stacking arrangement and orientation of aromatic cations. It is found that the antiparallel slip-stack arrangement of phenyl rings between adjacent layers induces an indirect band gap, resulting in anomalous carrier dynamics. Incorporation of the CH2 moiety causes stacking rearrangement of the phenyl ring and thus promotes an indirect to direct bandgap transition. In direct-bandgap perovskites, higher carrier mobility correlates with a larger orientation angle of the phenyl ring. Further optimizing the orientation angle by introducing a para-substituted element in a phenyl ring, higher carrier mobility is obtained. This work highlights the importance of leveraging stacking arrangement and orientation of the aromatic cations to tune the photophysical properties, which opens up an avenue for advancing high-performance 2D perovskites optoelectronics via molecular engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Lai
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Renlong Zhu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Junjun Tan
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230088, China
| | - Zhe Yang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
| | - Shuji Ye
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230088, China
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8
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Boeije Y, Van Gompel WTM, Zhang Y, Ghosh P, Zelewski SJ, Maufort A, Roose B, Ooi ZY, Chowdhury R, Devroey I, Lenaers S, Tew A, Dai L, Dey K, Salway H, Friend RH, Sirringhaus H, Lutsen L, Vanderzande D, Rao A, Stranks SD. Tailoring Interlayer Charge Transfer Dynamics in 2D Perovskites with Electroactive Spacer Molecules. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:21330-21343. [PMID: 37738152 PMCID: PMC10557141 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c05974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
The family of hybrid organic-inorganic lead-halide perovskites are the subject of intense interest for optoelectronic applications, from light-emitting diodes to photovoltaics to X-ray detectors. Due to the inert nature of most organic molecules, the inorganic sublattice generally dominates the electronic structure and therefore the optoelectronic properties of perovskites. Here, we use optically and electronically active carbazole-based Cz-Ci molecules, where Ci indicates an alkylammonium chain and i indicates the number of CH2 units in the chain, varying from 3 to 5, as cations in the two-dimensional (2D) perovskite structure. By investigating the photophysics and charge transport characteristics of (Cz-Ci)2PbI4, we demonstrate a tunable electronic coupling between the inorganic lead-halide and organic layers. The strongest interlayer electronic coupling was found for (Cz-C3)2PbI4, where photothermal deflection spectroscopy results remarkably reveal an organic-inorganic charge transfer state. Ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy measurements demonstrate ultrafast hole transfer from the photoexcited lead-halide layer to the Cz-Ci molecules, the efficiency of which increases by varying the chain length from i = 5 to i = 3. The charge transfer results in long-lived carriers (10-100 ns) and quenched emission, in stark contrast to the fast (sub-ns) and efficient radiative decay of bound excitons in the more conventional 2D perovskite (PEA)2PbI4, in which phenylethylammonium (PEA) acts as an inert spacer. Electrical charge transport measurements further support enhanced interlayer coupling, showing increased out-of-plane carrier mobility from i = 5 to i = 3. This study paves the way for the rational design of 2D perovskites with combined inorganic-organic electronic properties through the wide range of functionalities available in the world of organics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yorrick Boeije
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K.
- Department
of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, JJ Thomson
Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Wouter T. M. Van Gompel
- Institute
for Materials Research (IMO-IMOMEC), Hybrid Materials Design (HyMaD), Hasselt University, Martelarenlaan 42, B-3500 Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Youcheng Zhang
- Department
of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, JJ Thomson
Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
- Cambridge
Graphene Centre, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0FA, U.K.
| | - Pratyush Ghosh
- Department
of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, JJ Thomson
Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Szymon J. Zelewski
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K.
- Department
of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, JJ Thomson
Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
- Department
of Semiconductor Materials Engineering, Faculty of Fundamental Problems
of Technology, Wrocław University
of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Arthur Maufort
- Institute
for Materials Research (IMO-IMOMEC), Hybrid Materials Design (HyMaD), Hasselt University, Martelarenlaan 42, B-3500 Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Bart Roose
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K.
| | - Zher Ying Ooi
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K.
| | - Rituparno Chowdhury
- Department
of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, JJ Thomson
Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Ilan Devroey
- Institute
for Materials Research (IMO-IMOMEC), Hybrid Materials Design (HyMaD), Hasselt University, Martelarenlaan 42, B-3500 Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Stijn Lenaers
- Institute
for Materials Research (IMO-IMOMEC), Hybrid Materials Design (HyMaD), Hasselt University, Martelarenlaan 42, B-3500 Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Alasdair Tew
- Department
of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, JJ Thomson
Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Linjie Dai
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K.
- Department
of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, JJ Thomson
Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Krishanu Dey
- Department
of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, JJ Thomson
Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Hayden Salway
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K.
| | - Richard H. Friend
- Department
of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, JJ Thomson
Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Henning Sirringhaus
- Department
of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, JJ Thomson
Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Laurence Lutsen
- Institute
for Materials Research (IMO-IMOMEC), Hybrid Materials Design (HyMaD), Hasselt University, Martelarenlaan 42, B-3500 Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Dirk Vanderzande
- Institute
for Materials Research (IMO-IMOMEC), Hybrid Materials Design (HyMaD), Hasselt University, Martelarenlaan 42, B-3500 Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Akshay Rao
- Department
of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, JJ Thomson
Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Samuel D. Stranks
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, U.K.
- Department
of Physics, Cavendish Laboratory, University
of Cambridge, JJ Thomson
Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
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9
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Zhang Z, Zhang J, Liu ZJ, Dahod NS, Paritmongkol W, Brown N, Stollmann A, Lee WS, Chien YC, Dai Z, Nelson KA, Tisdale WA, Rappe AM, Baldini E. Discovery of enhanced lattice dynamics in a single-layered hybrid perovskite. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadg4417. [PMID: 37585532 PMCID: PMC10431705 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg4417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Layered hybrid perovskites exhibit emergent physical properties and exceptional functional performances, but the coexistence of lattice order and structural disorder severely hinders our understanding of these materials. One unsolved problem regards how the lattice dynamics are affected by the dimensional engineering of the inorganic frameworks and their interaction with the molecular moieties. Here, we address this question by using a combination of spontaneous Raman scattering, terahertz spectroscopy, and molecular dynamics simulations. This approach reveals the structural dynamics in and out of equilibrium and provides unexpected observables that differentiate single- and double-layered perovskites. While no distinct vibrational coherence is observed in double-layered perovskites, an off-resonant terahertz pulse can drive a long-lived coherent phonon mode in the single-layered system. This difference highlights the dramatic change in the lattice environment as the dimension is reduced, and the findings pave the way for ultrafast structural engineering and high-speed optical modulators based on layered perovskites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuquan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jiahao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Zi-Jie Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Nabeel S. Dahod
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Watcharaphol Paritmongkol
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Niamh Brown
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Alexia Stollmann
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Woo Seok Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Yu-Che Chien
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Zhenbang Dai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Keith A. Nelson
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - William A. Tisdale
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Andrew M. Rappe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Edoardo Baldini
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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10
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Metcalf I, Sidhik S, Zhang H, Agrawal A, Persaud J, Hou J, Even J, Mohite AD. Synergy of 3D and 2D Perovskites for Durable, Efficient Solar Cells and Beyond. Chem Rev 2023; 123:9565-9652. [PMID: 37428563 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) organic-inorganic lead halide perovskites have emerged in the past few years as a promising material for low-cost, high-efficiency optoelectronic devices. Spurred by this recent interest, several subclasses of halide perovskites such as two-dimensional (2D) halide perovskites have begun to play a significant role in advancing the fundamental understanding of the structural, chemical, and physical properties of halide perovskites, which are technologically relevant. While the chemistry of these 2D materials is similar to that of the 3D halide perovskites, their layered structure with a hybrid organic-inorganic interface induces new emergent properties that can significantly or sometimes subtly be important. Synergistic properties can be realized in systems that combine different materials exhibiting different dimensionalities by exploiting their intrinsic compatibility. In many cases, the weaknesses of each material can be alleviated in heteroarchitectures. For example, 3D-2D halide perovskites can demonstrate novel behavior that neither material would be capable of separately. This review describes how the structural differences between 3D halide perovskites and 2D halide perovskites give rise to their disparate materials properties, discusses strategies for realizing mixed-dimensional systems of various architectures through solution-processing techniques, and presents a comprehensive outlook for the use of 3D-2D systems in solar cells. Finally, we investigate applications of 3D-2D systems beyond photovoltaics and offer our perspective on mixed-dimensional perovskite systems as semiconductor materials with unrivaled tunability, efficiency, and technologically relevant durability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Metcalf
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Siraj Sidhik
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Applied Physics Graduate Program, Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Ayush Agrawal
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Jessica Persaud
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Jin Hou
- Department of Materials Science and NanoEngineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
| | - Jacky Even
- Université de Rennes, INSA Rennes, CNRS, Institut FOTON - UMR 6082, 35708 Rennes, France
| | - Aditya D Mohite
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
- Applied Physics Graduate Program, Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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11
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Thakur S, Giri A. Origin of Ultralow Thermal Conductivity in Metal Halide Perovskites. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37235795 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c03499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Resulting from their remarkable structure-property relationships, metal halide perovskites have garnered tremendous attention in recent years for a plethora of applications. For instance, their ultralow thermal conductivities make them promising candidates for thermoelectric and thermal barrier coating applications. It is widely accepted that the "guest" cations inside the metal halide framework act as "rattlers", which gives rise to strong intrinsic phonon resistances, thus explaining the structure-property relationship dictating their ultralow thermal conductivities. In contrast, through systematic atomistic simulations, we show that this conventionally accepted "rattling" behavior is not the mechanism dictating the ultralow thermal conductivities in metal halide perovskites. Instead, we show that the ultralow thermal conductivities in these materials mainly originate from the strongly anharmonic and mechanically soft metal halide framework. By comparing the thermal transport properties of the prototypical fully inorganic CsPbI3 and an empty PbI6 framework, we show that the addition of Cs+ ions inside the nanocages leads to an enhancement in thermal conductivity through vibrational hardening of the framework. Our extensive spectral energy density calculations show that the Cs+ ions have well-defined phase relations with the lattice dynamics of the "host" framework resulting in additional pathways for heat conduction, which is in disagreement with the description of the individual "rattling" of guests inside the framework that has been widely assumed to dictate their ultralow thermal conductivities. Furthermore, we show that an efficient strategy to control the heat transfer efficacy in these materials is through the manipulation of the framework anharmonicity achieved via strain and octahedral tilting. Our work provides the fundamental insights into the lattice dynamics that dictate heat transfer in these novel materials, which will ultimately help guide their further advancement in the next-generation of electronics such as in thermoelectric and photovoltaic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandip Thakur
- Department of Mechanical, Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
| | - Ashutosh Giri
- Department of Mechanical, Industrial and Systems Engineering, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island 02881, United States
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12
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Zuri S, Shapiro A, Kronik L, Lifshitz E. Uncovering Multiple Intrinsic Chiral Phases in (PEA) 2PbI 4 Halide Perovskites. J Phys Chem Lett 2023:4901-4907. [PMID: 37200134 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c00685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) halide perovskites offer a unique platform for investigating the ground state of materials possessing significant anharmonicity. In contrast to three-dimensional perovskites, their 2D counterparts offer substantially fewer degrees of freedom, resulting in multiple well-defined crystal structures. In this work, we thoroughly investigate the anharmonic ground state of the benchmark (PEA)2PbI4 compound, using complementary information from low-temperature X-ray diffraction (XRD) and photoluminescence spectroscopy, supported by density functional theory calculations. We extrapolate four crystallographic configurations from low-temperature XRD. These configurations imply that the ground state has an intrinsic disorder stemming from two coexisting chiral sublattices, each with a bioriented organic spacer molecule. We further show evidence that these chiral structures form unevenly populated ground states, portraying uneven anharmonicity, where the state population may be tuned by surface effects. Our results uncover a disordered ground state that may induce intrinsic grain boundaries, which cannot be ignored in practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahar Zuri
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Solid State Institute, Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Helen Diller Quantum Information Center and the Grand Technion Energy Program, Technion, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Arthur Shapiro
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Solid State Institute, Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Helen Diller Quantum Information Center and the Grand Technion Energy Program, Technion, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Leeor Kronik
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovoth 76100, Israel
| | - Efrat Lifshitz
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Solid State Institute, Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Helen Diller Quantum Information Center and the Grand Technion Energy Program, Technion, Haifa 3200003, Israel
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13
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Adams DJ, Churakov SV. Classification of perovskite structural types with dynamical octahedral tilting. IUCRJ 2023; 10:309-320. [PMID: 36972166 PMCID: PMC10161773 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252523002208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Perovskites ABX3 with delocalized positions of the X atoms represent a distinct class of dynamically distorted structures with peculiar structural relations and physical properties. The delocalization originates from atoms crossing shallow barriers of the potential energy surface. Quantum mechanically, they can be treated similar to light atoms in diffusive states. Many of these perovskite structures are widely used functional materials thanks to their particular physical properties, such as superconductivity, ferroelectricity and photo-activity. A number of these properties are related to static or dynamic motion of octahedral units. Yet, a full understanding of the relationships between perovskite crystal structure, chemical bonding and physical properties is currently missing. Several studies indicate the existence of dynamic disorder generated by anharmonic motion of octahedral units, e.g. in halide perovskite structures. To simplify structural analysis of such systems we derive a set of space groups for simple perovskites ABX3 with dynamical octahedral tilting. The derived space groups extend the well established space group tables for static tiltings by Glazer [Acta Cryst. B (1972). 28, 3384-3392], Aleksandrov [Ferroelectrics (1976). 24, 801-805] and Howard & Stokes [Acta Cryst. B (1998). 54, 782-789]. Ubiquity of dynamical tilting is demonstrated by an analysis of the structural data for perovskites reported in recent scientific publications and the signature of dynamic tilting in the corresponding structures is discussed, which can be summarized as follows: (a) volume increase upon a lowering of temperature, (b) apparent distortion of octahedra (where Jahn-Teller distortions can be ruled out), (c) mismatch between observed instantaneous symmetry and average symmetry, (d) deviation of the experimental space group from the theoretically predicted structures for static tilting, (e) inconsistency of lattice parameters with those suggested by the theory of static tilts, and (f) large displacement parameters for atoms at the X and B sites. Finally, the possible influence of dynamic disorder on the physical properties of halide perovskites is discussed.
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14
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Posmyk K, Dyksik M, Surrente A, Zalewska K, Śmiertka M, Cybula E, Paritmongkol W, Tisdale WA, Plochocka P, Baranowski M. Fine Structure Splitting of Phonon-Assisted Excitonic Transition in (PEA) 2PbI 4 Two-Dimensional Perovskites. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:1119. [PMID: 36986013 PMCID: PMC10053047 DOI: 10.3390/nano13061119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional van der Waals materials exhibit particularly strong excitonic effects, which causes them to be an exceptionally interesting platform for the investigation of exciton physics. A notable example is the two-dimensional Ruddlesden-Popper perovskites, where quantum and dielectric confinement together with soft, polar, and low symmetry lattice create a unique background for electron and hole interaction. Here, with the use of polarization-resolved optical spectroscopy, we have demonstrated that the simultaneous presence of tightly bound excitons, together with strong exciton-phonon coupling, allows for observing the exciton fine structure splitting of the phonon-assisted transitions of two-dimensional perovskite (PEA)2PbI4, where PEA stands for phenylethylammonium. We demonstrate that the phonon-assisted sidebands characteristic for (PEA)2PbI4 are split and linearly polarized, mimicking the characteristics of the corresponding zero-phonon lines. Interestingly, the splitting of differently polarized phonon-assisted transitions can be different from that of the zero-phonon lines. We attribute this effect to the selective coupling of linearly polarized exciton states to non-degenerate phonon modes of different symmetries resulting from the low symmetry of (PEA)2PbI4 lattice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Posmyk
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Mateusz Dyksik
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Alessandro Surrente
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Zalewska
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Śmiertka
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Ewelina Cybula
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - William A. Tisdale
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Paulina Plochocka
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
- Laboratoire National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses, EMFL, CNRS UPR 3228, Université Toulouse, Université Toulouse 3, INSA-T, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Michał Baranowski
- Department of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
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15
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Tsai H, Ghosh D, Kinigstein E, Dryzhakov B, Driscoll H, Owczarek M, Hu B, Zhang X, Tretiak S, Nie W. Light-Induced Structural Dynamics and Charge Transport in Layered Halide Perovskite Thin Films. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:429-436. [PMID: 36603204 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c03403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The dynamic nature of the metal halide perovskite lattice upon photoexcitation plays a vital role in their properties. Here we report an observation of light-induced structure dynamics in quasi-2D Ruddlesden-Popper phase perovskite thin films and its impact on the carrier transport properties. By a time-resolved X-ray scattering technique, we observe a rapid lattice expansion upon photoexcitation, followed by a slow relaxation over the course of 100 ns in the dark. Theoretical modeling suggests that the expansion originates from the lattice's thermal fluctuations caused by photon energy deposition. Power dependent optical spectroscopy and photoconductivity indicate that high laser powers triggered a strong local structural disorder, which increased the charge dissociation activation energy that results in localized transport. Our study investigates the impact of laser energy deposition on the lattices and the subsequent carrier transport properties, that are relevant to device operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsinhan Tsai
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico87545, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California94720, United States
| | - Dibyajyoti Ghosh
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico87545, United States
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi110016, India
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi110016, India
| | - Eli Kinigstein
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois60439, United States
| | - Bogdan Dryzhakov
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee37996, United States
| | - Honora Driscoll
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico87545, United States
| | - Magdalena Owczarek
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico87545, United States
| | - Bin Hu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee37996, United States
| | - Xiaoyi Zhang
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois60439, United States
| | - Sergei Tretiak
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico87545, United States
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico87545, United States
| | - Wanyi Nie
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico87545, United States
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16
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Soultati A, Tountas M, Armadorou KK, Yusoff ARBM, Vasilopoulou M, Nazeeruddin MK. Synthetic approaches for perovskite thin films and single-crystals. ENERGY ADVANCES 2023; 2:1075-1115. [DOI: 10.1039/d3ya00098b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Halide perovskites are compelling candidates for the next generation of photovoltaic technologies owing to an unprecedented increase in power conversion efficiency and their low cost, facile fabrication and outstanding semiconductor properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Soultati
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Centre for Scientific Research Demokritos, 15341 Agia Paraskevi, Attica, Greece
| | - Marinos Tountas
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Estavromenos, 71410 Heraklion Crete, Greece
| | - Konstantina K. Armadorou
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Centre for Scientific Research Demokritos, 15341 Agia Paraskevi, Attica, Greece
| | - Abd. Rashid bin Mohd Yusoff
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Maria Vasilopoulou
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Centre for Scientific Research Demokritos, 15341 Agia Paraskevi, Attica, Greece
| | - Mohammad Khaja Nazeeruddin
- Group for Molecular Engineering of Functional Materials, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Rue de l’Industrie 17, CH-1951 Sion, Switzerland
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17
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Sterling CM, Kamal C, García-Fernández A, Man GJ, Svanström S, Nayak PK, Butorin SM, Rensmo H, Cappel UB, Odelius M. Electronic Structure and Chemical Bonding in Methylammonium Lead Triiodide and Its Precursor Methylammonium Iodide. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2022; 126:20143-20154. [PMID: 36483685 PMCID: PMC9720748 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.2c06782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A detailed examination of the electronic structures of methylammonium lead triiodide (MAPI) and methylammonium iodide (MAI) is performed with ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations based on density functional theory, and the theoretical results are compared to experimental probes. The occupied valence bands of a MAPI single crystal and MAI powder are probed with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and the conduction bands are probed from the perspective of nitrogen K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Combined, the theoretical simulations and the two experimental techniques allow for a dissection of the electronic structure unveiling the nature of chemical bonding in MAPI and MAI. Here, we show that the difference in band gap between MAPI and MAI is caused chiefly by interactions between iodine and lead but also weaker interactions with the MA+ counterions. Spatial decomposition of the iodine p levels allows for analysis of Pb-I σ bonds and π interactions, which contribute to this effect with the involvement of the Pb 6p levels. Differences in hydrogen bonding between the two materials, seen in the AIMD simulations, are reflected in nitrogen valence orbital composition and in nitrogen K-edge X-ray absorption spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody M. Sterling
- Department
of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova
University Center, SE-106 91Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Chinnathambi Kamal
- Department
of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova
University Center, SE-106 91Stockholm, Sweden
- Theory
and Simulations Laboratory, Theoretical and Computational Physics
Section, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced
Technology, Indore452013, India
- Homi
Bhabha National Institute, Training School
Complex, Anushakti Nagar, Mumbai400094, India
| | - Alberto García-Fernández
- Division
of Applied Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gabriel J. Man
- Condensed
Matter Physics of Energy Materials, Division of X-ray Photon Science,
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala
University, Box 516, SE-75121Uppsala, Sweden
- GJM
Scientific
Consulting, Fort Lee, New Jersey07024, United States
| | - Sebastian Svanström
- Condensed
Matter Physics of Energy Materials, Division of X-ray Photon Science,
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala
University, Box 516, SE-75121Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Pabitra K. Nayak
- Tata
Institute of Fundamental Research, 36/P, Gopanpally Village, Serilingampally Mandal, Ranga Reddy District, Hyderabad500046, India
| | - Sergei M. Butorin
- Condensed
Matter Physics of Energy Materials, Division of X-ray Photon Science,
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala
University, Box 516, SE-75121Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Håkan Rensmo
- Condensed
Matter Physics of Energy Materials, Division of X-ray Photon Science,
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala
University, Box 516, SE-75121Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ute B. Cappel
- Division
of Applied Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, SE-100 44Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michael Odelius
- Department
of Physics, Stockholm University, AlbaNova
University Center, SE-106 91Stockholm, Sweden
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18
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Gallop NP, Ye J, Greetham GM, Jansen TLC, Dai L, Zelewski SJ, Arul R, Baumberg JJ, Hoye RLZ, Bakulin AA. The effect of caesium alloying on the ultrafast structural dynamics of hybrid organic-inorganic halide perovskites. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY. A 2022; 10:22408-22418. [PMID: 36352854 PMCID: PMC9624371 DOI: 10.1039/d2ta05207e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid inorganic-organic perovskites have attracted considerable attention over recent years as promising processable electronic materials. In particular, the rich structural dynamics of these 'soft' materials has become a subject of investigation and debate due to their direct influence on the perovskites' optoelectronic properties. Significant effort has focused on understanding the role and behaviour of the organic cations within the perovskite, as their rotational dynamics may be linked to material stability, heterogeneity and performance in (opto)electronic devices. To this end, we use two-dimensional IR spectroscopy (2DIR) to understand the effect of partial caesium alloying on the rotational dynamics of the methylammonium cation in the archetypal hybrid perovskite CH3NH3PbI3. We find that caesium incorporation primarily inhibits the slower 'reorientational jump' modes of the organic cation, whilst a smaller effect on the fast 'wobbling time' may be due to distortions and rigidisation of the inorganic cuboctahedral cage. 2DIR centre-line-slope analysis further reveals that while static disorder increases with caesium substitution, the dynamic disorder (reflected in the phase memory of the N-H stretching mode of methylammonium) is largely independent of caesium addition. Our results contribute to the development of a unified model of cation dynamics within organohalide perovskites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel P Gallop
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub 83 Wood Lane London W12 0BZ UK
| | - Junzhi Ye
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge JJ Thomson Avenue Cambridge CB3 0HE UK
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London Exhibition Road London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Gregory M Greetham
- Central Laser Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Harwell Campus Didcot OX11 0QX UK
| | - Thomas L C Jansen
- Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen Netherlands
| | - Linjie Dai
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge JJ Thomson Avenue Cambridge CB3 0HE UK
| | - Szymon J Zelewski
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge JJ Thomson Avenue Cambridge CB3 0HE UK
- Department of Semiconductor Materials Engineering, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wrocław University of Science and Technology Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27 50-370 Wrocław Poland
| | - Rakesh Arul
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge JJ Thomson Avenue Cambridge CB3 0HE UK
| | - Jeremy J Baumberg
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge JJ Thomson Avenue Cambridge CB3 0HE UK
| | - Robert L Z Hoye
- Department of Materials, Imperial College London Exhibition Road London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Artem A Bakulin
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub 83 Wood Lane London W12 0BZ UK
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19
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Zeiske S, Sandberg OJ, Zarrabi N, Wolff CM, Raoufi M, Peña-Camargo F, Gutierrez-Partida E, Meredith P, Stolterfoht M, Armin A. Static Disorder in Lead Halide Perovskites. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:7280-7285. [PMID: 35916775 PMCID: PMC9376950 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c01652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In crystalline and amorphous semiconductors, the temperature-dependent Urbach energy can be determined from the inverse slope of the logarithm of the absorption spectrum and reflects the static and dynamic energetic disorder. Using recent advances in the sensitivity of photocurrent spectroscopy methods, we elucidate the temperature-dependent Urbach energy in lead halide perovskites containing different numbers of cation components. We find Urbach energies at room temperature to be 13.0 ± 1.0, 13.2 ± 1.0, and 13.5 ± 1.0 meV for single, double, and triple cation perovskite. Static, temperature-independent contributions to the Urbach energy are found to be as low as 5.1 ± 0.5, 4.7 ± 0.3, and 3.3 ± 0.9 meV for the same systems. Our results suggest that, at a low temperature, the dominant static disorder in perovskites is derived from zero-point phonon energy rather than structural disorder. This is unusual for solution-processed semiconductors but broadens the potential application of perovskites further to quantum electronics and devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Zeiske
- Sustainable
Advanced Materials (Sêr-SAM), Department of Physics, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
| | - Oskar J. Sandberg
- Sustainable
Advanced Materials (Sêr-SAM), Department of Physics, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
| | - Nasim Zarrabi
- Sustainable
Advanced Materials (Sêr-SAM), Department of Physics, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
| | - Christian M. Wolff
- EPFL
STI IEM PV-LAB, Rue de la Maladière 71b, CH-2002 Neuchâtel 2, Switzerland
| | - Meysam Raoufi
- Soft
Matter Physics Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Francisco Peña-Camargo
- Soft
Matter Physics Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Emilio Gutierrez-Partida
- Soft
Matter Physics Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Paul Meredith
- Sustainable
Advanced Materials (Sêr-SAM), Department of Physics, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Stolterfoht
- Soft
Matter Physics Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Ardalan Armin
- Sustainable
Advanced Materials (Sêr-SAM), Department of Physics, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea SA2 8PP, United Kingdom
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20
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Zohar A, Kulbak M, Turren-Cruz SH, Nayak PK, Kama A, Hagfeldt A, Snaith HJ, Hodes G, Cahen D. In Operando, Photovoltaic, and Microscopic Evaluation of Recombination Centers in Halide Perovskite-Based Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:34171-34179. [PMID: 34460226 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c08675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The origin of the low densities of electrically active defects in Pb halide perovskite (HaP), a crucial factor for their use in photovoltaics, light emission, and radiation detection, remains a matter of discussion, in part because of the difficulty in determining these densities. Here, we present a powerful approach to assess the defect densities, based on electric field mapping in working HaP-based solar cells. The minority carrier diffusion lengths were deduced from the electric field profile, measured by electron beam-induced current (EBIC). The EBIC method was used earlier to get the first direct evidence for the n-i-p junction structure, at the heart of efficient HaP-based PV cells, and later by us and others for further HaP studies. This manuscript includes EBIC results on illuminated cell cross sections (in operando) at several light intensities to compare optoelectronic characteristics of different cells made by different groups in several laboratories. We then apply a simple, effective single-level defect model that allows deriving the densities (Nr) of the defect acting as recombination center. We find Nr ≈ 1 × 1013 cm-3 for mixed A cation lead bromide-based HaP films and ∼1 × 1014 cm-3 for MAPbBr3(Cl). As EBIC photocurrents are similar at the grain bulk and boundaries, we suggest that the defects are at the interfaces with selective contacts rather than in the HaP film. These results are relevant for photovoltaic devices as the EBIC responses distinguish clearly between high- and low-efficiency devices. The most efficient devices have n-i-p structures with a close-to-intrinsic HaP film, and the selective contacts then dictate the electric field strength throughout the HaP absorber.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arava Zohar
- Department of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Michael Kulbak
- Department of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Silver H Turren-Cruz
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
- Institute of Advanced Materials (INAM), Jaume I University, Castelló de la Plana 12071, Spain
| | - Pabitra K Nayak
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, 36/P, Gopanpally Village, Serilingampally Mandal, Ranga Reddy District, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Adi Kama
- Chemistry Department and Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel
| | - Anders Hagfeldt
- École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Henry J Snaith
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - Gary Hodes
- Department of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - David Cahen
- Department of Materials and Interfaces, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
- Chemistry Department and Institute for Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 52900, Israel
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21
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A-site cation influence on the conduction band of lead bromide perovskites. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3839. [PMID: 35787623 PMCID: PMC9253039 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31416-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Hot carrier solar cells hold promise for exceeding the Shockley-Queisser limit. Slow hot carrier cooling is one of the most intriguing properties of lead halide perovskites and distinguishes this class of materials from competing materials used in solar cells. Here we use the element selectivity of high-resolution X-ray spectroscopy and density functional theory to uncover a previously hidden feature in the conduction band states, the σ-π energy splitting, and find that it is strongly influenced by the strength of electronic coupling between the A-cation and bromide-lead sublattice. Our finding provides an alternative mechanism to the commonly discussed polaronic screening and hot phonon bottleneck carrier cooling mechanisms. Our work emphasizes the optoelectronic role of the A-cation, provides a comprehensive view of A-cation effects in the crystal and electronic structures, and outlines a broadly applicable spectroscopic approach for assessing the impact of chemical alterations of the A-cation on perovskite electronic structure.
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22
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Sun Y, Yao Q, Xing W, Jiang H, Li Y, Chen M, Zhang X, Xiong W, Zhu W, Zheng Y. Organic Cation Diffusion-Induced Heterogeneous Viscoelasticity in Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Perovskite Polycrystalline Films. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:22582-22592. [PMID: 35533358 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c01632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite (OIHP) polycrystalline films are the key light-absorbing layers of laminated-structure OIHP-based devices that have attracted increasing attention in photoelectronics and flexible electronics. Internal stresses induced by the mismatched responses of laminated layers to long-term and cyclic multiphysical fields generate time-dependent mechanical deformation in OIHP polycrystalline films, which makes the mechanical constitution relation of great significance. However, few studies focus on either the mechanical properties and behaviors of OIHP polycrystalline films or the underlying mechanism coupled with the grain structure and ion diffusion. Here, we uncovered the heterogeneous viscoelasticity of MAPbBr3 films strongly correlated with the grain structure. Combining experiments and modeling, we revealed that the organic cation diffusion from grain interiors to grain boundaries leads to heterogeneity in the chemical distribution and viscoelastic modulus. Our work provides the nanomechanical understanding of the OIHP polycrystalline films that are crucial for safety design and performance optimization in OIHP-based electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijing Sun
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Physics and Devices, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- Centre for Physical Mechanics and Biophysics, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Qianqian Yao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Physics and Devices, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- Centre for Physical Mechanics and Biophysics, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Weiwei Xing
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Physics and Devices, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- Centre for Physical Mechanics and Biophysics, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - He Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Physics and Devices, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- Centre for Physical Mechanics and Biophysics, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yingbo Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Physics and Devices, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- Centre for Physical Mechanics and Biophysics, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Miao Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Physics and Devices, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- Centre for Physical Mechanics and Biophysics, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xiaoyue Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Physics and Devices, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- Centre for Physical Mechanics and Biophysics, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Weiming Xiong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Physics and Devices, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- Centre for Physical Mechanics and Biophysics, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Wenpeng Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Physics and Devices, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- Centre for Physical Mechanics and Biophysics, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yue Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Physics and Devices, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- Centre for Physical Mechanics and Biophysics, School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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23
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Gehrmann C, Caicedo‐Dávila S, Zhu X, Egger DA. Transversal Halide Motion Intensifies Band-To-Band Transitions in Halide Perovskites. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2200706. [PMID: 35373927 PMCID: PMC9165501 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202200706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Despite their puzzling vibrational characteristics that include strong signatures of anharmonicity and thermal disorder already around room temperature, halide perovskites (HaPs) exhibit favorable optoelectronic properties for applications in photovoltaics and beyond. Whether these vibrational properties are advantageous or detrimental to their optoelectronic properties remains, however, an important open question. Here, this issue is addressed by investigation of the finite-temperature optoelectronic properties in the prototypical cubic CsPbBr3 , using first-principles molecular dynamics based on density-functional theory. It is shown that the dynamic flexibility associated with HaPs enables the so-called transversality, which manifests as a preference for large halide displacements perpendicular to the Pb-Br-Pb bonding axis. The authors find that transversality is concurrent with vibrational anharmonicity and leads to a rapid rise in the joint density of states, which is favorable for photovoltaics since this implies sharp optical absorption profiles. These findings are contrasted to the case of PbTe, a material that shares several key properties with CsPbBr3 but cannot exhibit any transversality and, hence, is found to exhibit much wider band-edge distributions. The authors conclude that the dynamic structural flexibility in HaPs and their unusual vibrational characteristics might not just be a mere coincidence, but play active roles in establishing their favorable optoelectronic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Gehrmann
- Department of PhysicsTechnical University of MunichJames‐Franck‐Straße 1Garching85748Germany
| | | | - Xiangzhou Zhu
- Department of PhysicsTechnical University of MunichJames‐Franck‐Straße 1Garching85748Germany
| | - David A. Egger
- Department of PhysicsTechnical University of MunichJames‐Franck‐Straße 1Garching85748Germany
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24
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Zhu X, Caicedo-Dávila S, Gehrmann C, Egger DA. Probing the Disorder Inside the Cubic Unit Cell of Halide Perovskites from First-Principles. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:22973-22981. [PMID: 35446538 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c23099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Strong deviations in the finite temperature atomic structure of halide perovskites from their average geometry can have profound impacts on optoelectronic and other device-relevant properties. Detailed mechanistic understandings of these structural fluctuations and their consequences remain, however, limited by the experimental and theoretical challenges involved in characterizing strongly anharmonic vibrational characteristics and their impact on other properties. We overcome some of these challenges by a theoretical characterization of the vibrational interactions that occur among the atoms in the prototypical cubic CsPbBr3. Our investigation based on first-principles molecular dynamics calculations finds that the motions of neighboring Cs-Br atoms interlock, which appears as the most likely Cs-Br distance being significantly shorter than what is inferred from an ideal cubic structure. This form of dynamic Cs-Br coupling coincides with very shallow dynamic potential wells for Br motions that occur across a locally and dynamically disordered energy landscape. We reveal an interesting dynamic coupling mechanism among the atoms within the nominal unit cell of cubic CsPbBr3 and quantify the important local structural fluctuations on an atomic scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangzhou Zhu
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Sebastián Caicedo-Dávila
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Christian Gehrmann
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - David A Egger
- Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Strasse 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
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25
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Cohen A, Brenner TM, Klarbring J, Sharma R, Fabini DH, Korobko R, Nayak PK, Hellman O, Yaffe O. Diverging Expressions of Anharmonicity in Halide Perovskites. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2107932. [PMID: 35076969 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202107932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Lead-based halide perovskite crystals are shown to have strongly anharmonic structural dynamics. This behavior is important because it may be the origin of their exceptional photovoltaic properties. The double perovskite, Cs2 AgBiBr6 , has been recently studied as a lead-free alternative for optoelectronic applications. However, it does not exhibit the excellent photovoltaic activity of the lead-based halide perovskites. Therefore, to explore the correlation between the anharmonic structural dynamics and optoelectronic properties in lead-based halide perovskites, the structural dynamics of Cs2 AgBiBr6 are investigated and are compared to its lead-based analog, CsPbBr3 . Using temperature-dependent Raman measurements, it is found that both materials are indeed strongly anharmonic. Nonetheless, the expression of their anharmonic behavior is markedly different. Cs2 AgBiBr6 has well-defined normal modes throughout the measured temperature range, while CsPbBr3 exhibits a complete breakdown of the normal-mode picture above 200 K. It is suggested that the breakdown of the normal-mode picture implies that the average crystal structure may not be a proper starting point to understand the electronic properties of the crystal. In addition to our main findings, an unreported phase of Cs2 AgBiBr6 is also discovered below ≈37 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adi Cohen
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Thomas M Brenner
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Johan Klarbring
- Theoretical Physics Division, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, Linköping, SE-581 83, Sweden
| | - Rituraj Sharma
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Douglas H Fabini
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Roman Korobko
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Pabitra K Nayak
- Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Hyderabad, 500046, India
| | - Olle Hellman
- Theoretical Physics Division, Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, Linköping, SE-581 83, Sweden
| | - Omer Yaffe
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
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26
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Park Y, Obliger A, Limmer DT. Nonlocal Screening Dictates the Radiative Lifetimes of Excitations in Lead Halide Perovskites. NANO LETTERS 2022; 22:2398-2404. [PMID: 35234469 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We use path integral molecular dynamics simulations and theory to elucidate the interactions between charge carriers, as mediated by a lead halide perovskite lattice. We find that the charge-lattice coupling of MAPbI3 results in a repulsive interaction between electrons and holes at intermediate distances. The effective interaction is understood using a Gaussian field theory, whereby the underlying soft, polar lattice contributes a nonlocal screening between quasiparticles. Path integral calculations of this nonlocal screening model are used to rationalize the small exciton binding energy and low radiative recombination rate observed experimentally and are compared to traditional Wannier-Mott and Fröhlich models, which fail to do so. These results clarify the origin of the high power conversion efficiencies in lead halide perovskites. Emergent repulsive electron-hole interactions provide a design principle for optimizing soft, polar semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonjae Park
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Amael Obliger
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - David T Limmer
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Chemical Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Kavli Energy NanoScience Institute, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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27
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Dong H, Zhang C, Nie W, Duan S, Saggau CN, Tang M, Zhu M, Zhao YS, Ma L, Schmidt OG. Interfacial Chemistry Triggers Ultrafast Radiative Recombination in Metal Halide Perovskites. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202115875. [PMID: 35068052 PMCID: PMC9303880 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202115875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haiyun Dong
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences Leibniz IFW Dresden 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Chunhuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences 100190 Beijing China
| | - Weijie Nie
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences Leibniz IFW Dresden 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Shengkai Duan
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences Leibniz IFW Dresden 01069 Dresden Germany
- Material Systems for Nanoelectronics TU Chemnitz 09107 Chemnitz Germany
- Research Center for Materials Architectures and Integration of Nanomembranes TU Chemnitz 09126 Chemnitz Germany
| | - Christian N. Saggau
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences Leibniz IFW Dresden 01069 Dresden Germany
- Material Systems for Nanoelectronics TU Chemnitz 09107 Chemnitz Germany
- Research Center for Materials Architectures and Integration of Nanomembranes TU Chemnitz 09126 Chemnitz Germany
| | - Min Tang
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences Leibniz IFW Dresden 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Minshen Zhu
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences Leibniz IFW Dresden 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Yong Sheng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences 100190 Beijing China
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 100049 Beijing China
| | - Libo Ma
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences Leibniz IFW Dresden 01069 Dresden Germany
| | - Oliver G. Schmidt
- Institute for Integrative Nanosciences Leibniz IFW Dresden 01069 Dresden Germany
- Material Systems for Nanoelectronics TU Chemnitz 09107 Chemnitz Germany
- Research Center for Materials Architectures and Integration of Nanomembranes TU Chemnitz 09126 Chemnitz Germany
- Nanophysics, Faculty of Physics TU Dresden 01062 Dresden Germany
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28
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Wang Y, Liu C, Ren Y, Zuo X, Canton SE, Zheng K, Lu K, Lü X, Yang W, Zhang X. Visualizing Light-Induced Microstrain and Phase Transition in Lead-Free Perovskites Using Time-Resolved X-Ray Diffraction. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:5335-5341. [PMID: 35302742 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c11747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Metal halide perovskites have emerged as promising materials for optoelectronic applications in the last decade. A large amount of effort has been made to investigate the interplay between the crystalline lattice and photoexcited charge carriers as it is vital to their optoelectronic performance. Among them, ultrafast laser spectroscopy has been intensively utilized to explore the charge carrier dynamics of perovskites, from which the local structural information can only be extracted indirectly. Here, we have applied a time-resolved X-ray diffraction technique to investigate the structural dynamics of prototypical two-dimensional lead-free halide perovskite Cs3Bi2Br9 nanoparticles across temporal scales from 80 ps to microseconds. We observed a quick recoverable (a few ns) photoinduced microstrain up to 0.15% and a long existing lattice expansion (∼a few hundred nanoseconds) at mild laser fluence. Once the laser flux exceeds 1.4 mJ/cm2, the microstrain saturates and the crystalline phase partially transfers into a disordered phase. This photoinduced transient structural change can recover within the nanosecond time scale. These results indicate that photoexcitation of charge carriers couples with lattice distortion, which fundamentally affects the dielectric environment and charge carrier transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingqi Wang
- Center for High Pressure Science & Technology Advanced Research, 1690 Cailun Rd, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Cunming Liu
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Yang Ren
- Department of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaobing Zuo
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | | | - Kaibo Zheng
- Department of Chemical Physics and Nanolund, Lund University, Box 124, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Kuangda Lu
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xujie Lü
- Center for High Pressure Science & Technology Advanced Research, 1690 Cailun Rd, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wenge Yang
- Center for High Pressure Science & Technology Advanced Research, 1690 Cailun Rd, Pudong, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiaoyi Zhang
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
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29
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Ma L, Dong H, Zhang C, Nie W, Duan S, Saggau CN, Tang M, Zhu M, Zhao YS, Schmidt OG. Interfacial chemistry triggers ultrafast radiative recombination in metal halide perovskites. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202115875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Libo Ma
- IFW IIN: Leibniz-Institut fur Festkorper- und Werkstoffforschung Dresden eV Institut fur Integrative Nanowissenschaften Helmholtzstraße 20Mr. D-01069 Dresden GERMANY
| | - Haiyun Dong
- IFW IIN: Leibniz-Institut fur Festkorper- und Werkstoffforschung Dresden eV Institut fur Integrative Nanowissenschaften Institut fur Integrative Nanowissenschaften Helmholtzstraße 20Dresden 01069 Dresden GERMANY
| | - Chunhuan Zhang
- Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Photochemistry Zhongguancun North First Street No.2 100190 Beijing CHINA
| | - Weijie Nie
- IFW IIN: Leibniz-Institut fur Festkorper- und Werkstoffforschung Dresden eV Institut fur Integrative Nanowissenschaften Institut fur Integrative Nanowissenschaften Helmholtzstraße 20 01069 Dresden GERMANY
| | - Shengkai Duan
- Technische Universitat Chemnitz Material System for Nanoelectronics Rosenbergstr. 6 09126 Cheminitz GERMANY
| | - Christian N. Saggau
- IFW IIN: Leibniz-Institut fur Festkorper- und Werkstoffforschung Dresden eV Institut fur Integrative Nanowissenschaften Institut fur Integrative Nanowissenschaften Helmholtzstraße 20 01069 Dresden GERMANY
| | - Min Tang
- IFW IIN: Leibniz-Institut fur Festkorper- und Werkstoffforschung Dresden eV Institut fur Integrative Nanowissenschaften Institut fur Integrative Nanowissenschaften Helmholtzstraße 20 01069 Dresden GERMANY
| | - Minshen Zhu
- IFW IIN: Leibniz-Institut fur Festkorper- und Werkstoffforschung Dresden eV Institut fur Integrative Nanowissenschaften Institut fur Integrative Nanowissenschaften Helmholtzstraße 20 01069 Dresden GERMANY
| | - Yong Sheng Zhao
- Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Photochemistry Zhongguancun North First Street No.2 100190 Beijing CHINA
| | - Oliver G. Schmidt
- Technische Universitat Chemnitz Material Systems for Nanoelectronics Rosenbergstr. 6 09126 Cheminitz GERMANY
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30
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Baranowski M, Surrente A, Plochocka P. Two Dimensional Perovskites/Transition Metal Dichalcogenides Heterostructures: Puzzles and Challenges. Isr J Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.202100120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michal Baranowski
- Department of Experimental Physics Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology Wroclaw University of Science and Technology 50-370 Wroclaw Poland
| | - Alessandro Surrente
- Department of Experimental Physics Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology Wroclaw University of Science and Technology 50-370 Wroclaw Poland
| | - Paulina Plochocka
- Department of Experimental Physics Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology Wroclaw University of Science and Technology 50-370 Wroclaw Poland
- Laboratoire National des Champs Magnétiques Intenses UPR 3228 CNRS-UGA-UPS-INSA 38042, 31400 Grenoble, Toulouse France
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31
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Kaiser W, Carignano M, Alothman AA, Mosconi E, Kachmar A, Goddard WA, De Angelis F. First-Principles Molecular Dynamics in Metal-Halide Perovskites: Contrasting Generalized Gradient Approximation and Hybrid Functionals. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:11886-11893. [PMID: 34875174 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c03428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
First-principles molecular dynamics (FPMD) represents a valuable tool to probe dynamical properties of metal-halide perovskites (MHPs) which are key to their success in optoelectronic devices. Most FPMD studies rely on generalized gradient approximation (GGA) functionals for computational efficiency matters, while hybrid functionals, although computationally demanding, are usually needed to accurately describe structural and electronic properties of MHPs. This Letter reports FPMD simulations on CsPbI3 based on the hybrid PBE0 functional. Our results demonstrate that PBE0 leads to lattice parameters and phonon modes in excellent agreement with experimental data, while GGA results overestimate the lattice parameter and the electronic band gap and underestimate the phonon energies. Our FPMD results also shed light on anharmonic effects and double-well instabilities in the octahedral tilting, highlighting a lowered free energy barrier for PBE0 and farther separated potential wells. Our results suggest that hybrid functionals are required to accurately describe crystal structure, lattice dynamics, and anharmonicity in MHPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waldemar Kaiser
- Computational Laboratory for Hybrid/Organic Photovoltaics (CLHYO), Istituto CNR di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta" (CNR-SCITEC), Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - Marcelo Carignano
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Asma A Alothman
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Edoardo Mosconi
- Computational Laboratory for Hybrid/Organic Photovoltaics (CLHYO), Istituto CNR di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta" (CNR-SCITEC), Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Kachmar
- Computational Laboratory for Hybrid/Organic Photovoltaics (CLHYO), Istituto CNR di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta" (CNR-SCITEC), Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
| | - William A Goddard
- Materials and Process Simulation Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Filippo De Angelis
- Computational Laboratory for Hybrid/Organic Photovoltaics (CLHYO), Istituto CNR di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta" (CNR-SCITEC), Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Via Elce di Sotto 8, 06123 Perugia, Italy
- CompuNet, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova 16163, Italy
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32
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Verkamp M, Leveillee J, Sharma A, Lin MF, Schleife A, Vura-Weis J. Carrier-Specific Hot Phonon Bottleneck in CH 3NH 3PbI 3 Revealed by Femtosecond XUV Absorption. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:20176-20182. [PMID: 34813692 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c07817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Femtosecond carrier cooling in the organohalide perovskite semiconductor CH3NH3PbI3 is measured using extreme ultraviolet (XUV) and optical transient absorption spectroscopy. XUV absorption between 44 and 58 eV measures transitions from the I 4d core to the valence and conduction bands and gives distinct signals for hole and electron dynamics. The core-to-valence-band signal directly maps the photoexcited hole distribution and provides a quantitative measurement of the hole temperature. The combination of XUV and optical probes reveals that upon excitation at 400 nm, the initial hole distribution is 3.5 times hotter than the electron distribution. At an initial carrier density of 1.4 × 1020 cm-3 both carriers are subject to a hot phonon bottleneck, but at 4.2 × 1019 cm-3 the holes cool to less than 1000 K within 400 fs. This result places significant constraints on the use of organohalide perovskites in hot-carrier photovoltaics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Verkamp
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Joshua Leveillee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Aastha Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Ming-Fu Lin
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - André Schleife
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States.,Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States.,National Center for Supercomputing Applications, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Josh Vura-Weis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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33
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Javaid S, Lee G. The impact of molecular orientation on carrier transfer characteristics at a phthalocyanine and halide perovskite interface. RSC Adv 2021; 11:31776-31782. [PMID: 35496877 PMCID: PMC9041736 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra05909b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We have studied the interface properties of metal phthalocyanine (MPc, M = Zn, Cu) molecules at a methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) surface using density functional theory (DFT) based simulations. From the adsorption energies, the face-on orientation is found to have an order of magnitude stronger binding energy than the edge-on orientation, where CuPc binds a little stronger than ZnPc with its closer interfacial distance. Our detailed analysis of interface electronic structure suggests that the edge-on configuration possesses a large energy barrier for the hole transfer from MAPbI3 to MPc molecules. In contrast, the face-on configuration has no such barrier, facilitating the hole transfer, while at the same time the desirable alignment of the conduction band suppresses the electron-hole recombination. Therefore, the face-on configuration is clearly found to be more suitable for the photovoltaic process, in line with the experimental reports. Our work emphasizes the impact of MPc orientation upon perovskite solar cell efficiency besides other factors such as Pc thin film's mobility and morphology, and provides insightful guidance to efficient and stable hole transport layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saqib Javaid
- Center for Superfunctional Materials, Center for Wave Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) Ulsan 44919 Korea
- MMSG, Theoretical Physics Division, PINSTECH P.O. Nilore Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Geunsik Lee
- Center for Superfunctional Materials, Center for Wave Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) Ulsan 44919 Korea
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34
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Shcherbakov-Wu W, Sercel PC, Krieg F, Kovalenko MV, Tisdale WA. Temperature-Independent Dielectric Constant in CsPbBr 3 Nanocrystals Revealed by Linear Absorption Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:8088-8095. [PMID: 34406780 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c01822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Fundamental photophysical behavior in CsPbBr3 nanocrystals (NCs), especially at low temperatures, is under active investigation. While many studies have reported temperature-dependent photoluminescence, comparatively few have focused on understanding the temperature-dependent absorption spectrum. Here, we report the temperature-dependent (35-300 K) absorption and photoluminescence spectra of zwitterionic ligand-capped CsPbBr3 NCs with four different edge lengths (d = 4.9, 7.2, 8.1, and 13.2 nm). The two lowest-energy excitonic transitions are quantitatively modeled over the full temperature range within the effective mass approximation considering the quasi-cubic NC shape and nonparabolicity of the electronic bands. Significantly, we find that the effective dielectric constant determined from the best fit model parameters is independent of temperature. Moreover, we observe a temperature-dependent Stokes shift that saturates at a finite value of Δ ≈ 10 meV at low temperatures for d = 7.2 nm NCs, which is absent in bulk CsPbBr3 films. Overall, these observations highlight differences between the temperature-dependent dielectric behavior of NC and bulk perovskites and point to the need for a more unified theoretical understanding of absorption and emission in halide perovskites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbi Shcherbakov-Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4307, United States
| | - Peter C Sercel
- Center for Hybrid Organic Inorganic Semiconductors for Energy, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- Department of Applied Physics and Materials Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Franziska Krieg
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Bioscience, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics and Laboratory for Transport at Nanoscale Interfaces, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Maksym V Kovalenko
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Bioscience, ETH Zürich, 8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics and Laboratory for Transport at Nanoscale Interfaces, Empa-Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - William A Tisdale
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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35
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Dey A, Ye J, De A, Debroye E, Ha SK, Bladt E, Kshirsagar AS, Wang Z, Yin J, Wang Y, Quan LN, Yan F, Gao M, Li X, Shamsi J, Debnath T, Cao M, Scheel MA, Kumar S, Steele JA, Gerhard M, Chouhan L, Xu K, Wu XG, Li Y, Zhang Y, Dutta A, Han C, Vincon I, Rogach AL, Nag A, Samanta A, Korgel BA, Shih CJ, Gamelin DR, Son DH, Zeng H, Zhong H, Sun H, Demir HV, Scheblykin IG, Mora-Seró I, Stolarczyk JK, Zhang JZ, Feldmann J, Hofkens J, Luther JM, Pérez-Prieto J, Li L, Manna L, Bodnarchuk MI, Kovalenko MV, Roeffaers MBJ, Pradhan N, Mohammed OF, Bakr OM, Yang P, Müller-Buschbaum P, Kamat PV, Bao Q, Zhang Q, Krahne R, Galian RE, Stranks SD, Bals S, Biju V, Tisdale WA, Yan Y, Hoye RLZ, Polavarapu L. State of the Art and Prospects for Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals. ACS NANO 2021; 15:10775-10981. [PMID: 34137264 PMCID: PMC8482768 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c08903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 355] [Impact Index Per Article: 118.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Metal-halide perovskites have rapidly emerged as one of the most promising materials of the 21st century, with many exciting properties and great potential for a broad range of applications, from photovoltaics to optoelectronics and photocatalysis. The ease with which metal-halide perovskites can be synthesized in the form of brightly luminescent colloidal nanocrystals, as well as their tunable and intriguing optical and electronic properties, has attracted researchers from different disciplines of science and technology. In the last few years, there has been a significant progress in the shape-controlled synthesis of perovskite nanocrystals and understanding of their properties and applications. In this comprehensive review, researchers having expertise in different fields (chemistry, physics, and device engineering) of metal-halide perovskite nanocrystals have joined together to provide a state of the art overview and future prospects of metal-halide perovskite nanocrystal research.
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Grants
- from U. S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division
- Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- European Research Council under the European Unionâ??s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (HYPERION)
- Ministry of Education - Singapore
- FLAG-ERA JTC2019 project PeroGas.
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- Division of Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences, Office of Basic Energy Sciences of the U.S. Department of Energy
- EPSRC
- iBOF funding
- Agencia Estatal de Investigaci�ón, Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci�ón y Universidades
- National Research Foundation Singapore
- National Natural Science Foundation of China
- Croucher Foundation
- US NSF
- Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek
- National Science Foundation
- Royal Society and Tata Group
- Department of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science and Technology
- Swiss National Science Foundation
- Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province, China
- Research 12210 Foundation?Flanders
- Japan International Cooperation Agency
- Ministry of Science and Innovation of Spain under Project STABLE
- Generalitat Valenciana via Prometeo Grant Q-Devices
- VetenskapsrÃÂ¥det
- Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province
- KU Leuven
- Knut och Alice Wallenbergs Stiftelse
- Generalitat Valenciana
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research
- Ministerio de EconomÃÂa y Competitividad
- Royal Academy of Engineering
- Hercules Foundation
- China Association for Science and Technology
- U.S. Department of Energy
- Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung
- Wenner-Gren Foundation
- Welch Foundation
- Vlaamse regering
- European Commission
- Bayerisches Staatsministerium für Wissenschaft, Forschung und Kunst
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Dey
- Chair for
Photonics and Optoelectronics, Nano-Institute Munich, Department of
Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität
(LMU), Königinstrasse 10, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Junzhi Ye
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, 19 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Apurba De
- School of
Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500 046, India
| | - Elke Debroye
- Department
of Chemistry, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Seung Kyun Ha
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Eva Bladt
- EMAT, University
of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan
171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
- NANOlab Center
of Excellence, University of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Anuraj S. Kshirsagar
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science
Education and Research (IISER), Pune 411008, India
| | - Ziyu Wang
- School
of
Science and Technology for Optoelectronic Information ,Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong Province 264005, China
| | - Jun Yin
- Division
of Physical Science and Engineering, King
Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- CINBIO,
Universidade de Vigo, Materials Chemistry
and Physics group, Departamento de Química Física, Campus Universitario As Lagoas,
Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain
- Advanced
Membranes and Porous Materials Center, King
Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Yue Wang
- MIIT Key
Laboratory of Advanced Display Materials and Devices, Institute of
Optoelectronics & Nanomaterials, College of Materials Science
and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science
and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Li Na Quan
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California,
Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Fei Yan
- LUMINOUS!
Center of Excellence for Semiconductor Lighting and Displays, TPI-The
Photonics Institute, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798
| | - Mengyu Gao
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Xiaoming Li
- MIIT Key
Laboratory of Advanced Display Materials and Devices, Institute of
Optoelectronics & Nanomaterials, College of Materials Science
and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science
and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Javad Shamsi
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, 19 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Tushar Debnath
- Chair for
Photonics and Optoelectronics, Nano-Institute Munich, Department of
Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität
(LMU), Königinstrasse 10, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Muhan Cao
- Institute
of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory
for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Manuel A. Scheel
- Lehrstuhl
für Funktionelle Materialien, Physik Department, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Sudhir Kumar
- Institute
for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied
Biosciences, ETH-Zurich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Julian A. Steele
- MACS Department
of Microbial and Molecular Systems, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marina Gerhard
- Chemical
Physics and NanoLund Lund University, PO Box 124, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Lata Chouhan
- Graduate
School of Environmental Science and Research Institute for Electronic
Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan
| | - Ke Xu
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
- Multiscale
Crystal Materials Research Center, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced
Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xian-gang Wu
- Beijing
Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems,
School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian
District, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yanxiu Li
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, and Centre for Functional Photonics
(CFP), City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong S.A.R.
| | - Yangning Zhang
- McKetta
Department of Chemical Engineering and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1062, United States
| | - Anirban Dutta
- School
of Materials Sciences, Indian Association
for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Chuang Han
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego
State University, San Diego, California 92182, United States
| | - Ilka Vincon
- Chair for
Photonics and Optoelectronics, Nano-Institute Munich, Department of
Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität
(LMU), Königinstrasse 10, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Andrey L. Rogach
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, and Centre for Functional Photonics
(CFP), City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong S.A.R.
| | - Angshuman Nag
- Department
of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science
Education and Research (IISER), Pune 411008, India
| | - Anunay Samanta
- School of
Chemistry, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500 046, India
| | - Brian A. Korgel
- McKetta
Department of Chemical Engineering and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1062, United States
| | - Chih-Jen Shih
- Institute
for Chemical and Bioengineering, Department of Chemistry and Applied
Biosciences, ETH-Zurich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel R. Gamelin
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Dong Hee Son
- Department
of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Haibo Zeng
- MIIT Key
Laboratory of Advanced Display Materials and Devices, Institute of
Optoelectronics & Nanomaterials, College of Materials Science
and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science
and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Haizheng Zhong
- Beijing
Key Laboratory of Nanophotonics and Ultrafine Optoelectronic Systems,
School of Materials Science & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 5 Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian
District, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Handong Sun
- Division
of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical
Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371
- Centre
for Disruptive Photonic Technologies (CDPT), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371
| | - Hilmi Volkan Demir
- LUMINOUS!
Center of Excellence for Semiconductor Lighting and Displays, TPI-The
Photonics Institute, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798
- Division
of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical
Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798
- Department
of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Department of Physics,
UNAM-Institute of Materials Science and Nanotechnology, Bilkent University, Ankara 06800, Turkey
| | - Ivan G. Scheblykin
- Chemical
Physics and NanoLund Lund University, PO Box 124, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Iván Mora-Seró
- Institute
of Advanced Materials (INAM), Universitat
Jaume I, 12071 Castelló, Spain
| | - Jacek K. Stolarczyk
- Chair for
Photonics and Optoelectronics, Nano-Institute Munich, Department of
Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität
(LMU), Königinstrasse 10, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Jin Z. Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University
of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, United States
| | - Jochen Feldmann
- Chair for
Photonics and Optoelectronics, Nano-Institute Munich, Department of
Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität
(LMU), Königinstrasse 10, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Johan Hofkens
- Department
of Chemistry, KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
- Max Planck
Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Joseph M. Luther
- National
Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Julia Pérez-Prieto
- Institute
of Molecular Science, University of Valencia, c/Catedrático José
Beltrán 2, Paterna, Valencia 46980, Spain
| | - Liang Li
- School
of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Liberato Manna
- Nanochemistry
Department, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, Genova 16163, Italy
| | - Maryna I. Bodnarchuk
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry and § Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering,
Department of Chemistry and Applied Bioscience, ETH Zurich, Vladimir
Prelog Weg 1, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa−Swiss
Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Maksym V. Kovalenko
- Institute
of Inorganic Chemistry and § Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering,
Department of Chemistry and Applied Bioscience, ETH Zurich, Vladimir
Prelog Weg 1, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory
for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa−Swiss
Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | | | - Narayan Pradhan
- School
of Materials Sciences, Indian Association
for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Omar F. Mohammed
- Advanced
Membranes and Porous Materials Center, King
Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- KAUST Catalysis
Center, King Abdullah University of Science
and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi
Arabia
| | - Osman M. Bakr
- Division
of Physical Science and Engineering, King
Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Advanced
Membranes and Porous Materials Center, King
Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Peidong Yang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California,
Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Materials
Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, University
of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Kavli
Energy NanoScience Institute, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Peter Müller-Buschbaum
- Lehrstuhl
für Funktionelle Materialien, Physik Department, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Heinz Maier-Leibnitz
Zentrum (MLZ), Technische Universität
München, Lichtenbergstr. 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Prashant V. Kamat
- Notre Dame
Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Qiaoliang Bao
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering and ARC Centre of Excellence
in Future Low-Energy Electronics Technologies (FLEET), Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Qiao Zhang
- Institute
of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory
for Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Roman Krahne
- Istituto
Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Raquel E. Galian
- School
of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Samuel D. Stranks
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, 19 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0AS, United Kingdom
| | - Sara Bals
- EMAT, University
of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan
171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
- NANOlab Center
of Excellence, University of Antwerp, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Vasudevanpillai Biju
- Graduate
School of Environmental Science and Research Institute for Electronic
Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0020, Japan
| | - William A. Tisdale
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Yong Yan
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego
State University, San Diego, California 92182, United States
| | - Robert L. Z. Hoye
- Department
of Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Lakshminarayana Polavarapu
- Chair for
Photonics and Optoelectronics, Nano-Institute Munich, Department of
Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität
(LMU), Königinstrasse 10, 80539 Munich, Germany
- CINBIO,
Universidade de Vigo, Materials Chemistry
and Physics group, Departamento de Química Física, Campus Universitario As Lagoas,
Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain
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36
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Kronik L, Rappe AM. Hydrogen freedom linked to perovskite efficiency. NATURE MATERIALS 2021; 20:914-915. [PMID: 33927393 DOI: 10.1038/s41563-021-01010-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Leeor Kronik
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovoth, Israel.
| | - Andrew M Rappe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Are Shockley-Read-Hall and ABC models valid for lead halide perovskites? Nat Commun 2021; 12:3329. [PMID: 34099662 PMCID: PMC8185072 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23275-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Metal halide perovskites are an important class of emerging semiconductors. Their charge carrier dynamics is poorly understood due to limited knowledge of defect physics and charge carrier recombination mechanisms. Nevertheless, classical ABC and Shockley-Read-Hall (SRH) models are ubiquitously applied to perovskites without considering their validity. Herein, an advanced technique mapping photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) as a function of both the excitation pulse energy and repetition frequency is developed and employed to examine the validity of these models. While ABC and SRH fail to explain the charge dynamics in a broad range of conditions, the addition of Auger recombination and trapping to the SRH model enables a quantitative fitting of PLQY maps and low-power PL decay kinetics, and extracting trap concentrations and efficacies. However, PL kinetics at high power are too fast and cannot be explained. The proposed PLQY mapping technique is ideal for a comprehensive testing of theories and applicable to any semiconductor.
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38
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Shin D, Zu F, Cohen AV, Yi Y, Kronik L, Koch N. Mechanism and Timescales of Reversible p-Doping of Methylammonium Lead Triiodide by Oxygen. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2100211. [PMID: 33938045 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202100211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Understanding and controlling the energy level alignment at interfaces with metal halide perovskites (MHPs) is essential for realizing the full potential of these materials for use in optoelectronic devices. To date, however, the basic electronic properties of MHPs are still under debate. Particularly, reported Fermi level positions in the energy gap vary from indicating strong n- to strong p-type character for nominally identical materials, raising serious questions about intrinsic and extrinsic defects as dopants. In this work, photoemission experiments demonstrate that thin films of the prototypical methylammonium lead triiodide (MAPbI3 ) behave like an intrinsic semiconductor in the absence of oxygen. Oxygen is then shown to be able to reversibly diffuse into and out of the MAPbI3 bulk, requiring rather long saturation timescales of ≈1 h (in: ambient air) and over 10 h (out: ultrahigh vacuum), for few 100 nm thick films. Oxygen in the bulk leads to pronounced p-doping, positioning the Fermi level universally ≈0.55 eV above the valence band maximum. The key doping mechanism is suggested to be molecular oxygen substitution of iodine vacancies, supported by density functional theory calculations. This insight rationalizes previous and future electronic property studies of MHPs and calls for meticulous oxygen exposure protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongguen Shin
- Institut für Physik & IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12489, Berlin, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Fengshuo Zu
- Institut für Physik & IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ayala V Cohen
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovoth, 76100, Israel
| | - Yeonjin Yi
- Institute of Physics and Applied Physics & Van der Waals Materials Research Center, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Leeor Kronik
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovoth, 76100, Israel
| | - Norbert Koch
- Institut für Physik & IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12489, Berlin, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 12489, Berlin, Germany
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39
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Buizza LRV, Herz LM. Polarons and Charge Localization in Metal-Halide Semiconductors for Photovoltaic and Light-Emitting Devices. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2007057. [PMID: 33955594 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202007057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Metal-halide semiconductors have shown excellent performance in optoelectronic applications such as solar cells, light-emitting diodes, and detectors. In this review the role of charge-lattice interactions and polaron formation in a wide range of these promising materials, including perovskites, double perovskites, Ruddlesden-Popper layered perovskites, nanocrystals, vacancy-ordered, and other novel structures, is summarized. The formation of Fröhlich-type "large" polarons in archetypal bulk metal-halide ABX3 perovskites and its dependence on A-cation, B-metal, and X-halide composition, which is now relatively well understood, are discussed. It is found that, for nanostructured and novel metal-halide materials, a larger variation in the strengths of polaronic effects is reported across the literature, potentially deriving from variations in potential barriers and the presence of interfaces at which lattice relaxation may be enhanced. Such findings are further discussed in the context of different experimental approaches used to explore polaronic effects, cautioning that firm conclusions are often hampered by the presence of alternate processes and interactions giving rise to similar experimental signatures. Overall, a complete understanding of polaronic effects will prove essential given their direct influence on optoelectronic properties such as charge-carrier mobilities and emission spectra, which are critical to the performance of energy and optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo R V Buizza
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
| | - Laura M Herz
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
- TUM Institute for Advanced Study (IAS), Lichtenbergstraße 2 a, Garching bei München, 85748, Germany
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40
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Stallhofer K, Nuber M, Cortecchia D, Bruno A, Kienberger R, Deschler F, Soci C, Iglev H. Picosecond Charge Localization Dynamics in CH 3NH 3PbI 3 Perovskite Probed by Infrared-Activated Vibrations. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:4428-4433. [PMID: 33950674 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c00935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid metal halide perovskites exhibit well-defined semiconducting properties and efficient optoelectronic performance considering their soft crystal structure and low-energy lattice motions. The response of such a crystal lattice to light-induced charges is a fundamental question, for which experimental insight into ultrafast time scales is still sought. Here, we use infrared-activated vibrations (IRAV) of the organic components within the hybrid perovskite lattice as a sensitive probe for local structural reorganizations after photoexcitation, with femtosecond resolution. We find that the IRAV signal response shows a delayed rise of about 3 ps and subsequent decay of pronounced monomolecular character, distinguishing it from absorption associated with free carriers. We interpret our results as a two-step carrier localization process. Initially, carriers localize transiently in local energy minima formed by lattice fluctuations. A subpopulation of these can then fall into deeper trapped states over picoseconds, likely due to local reorganization of the organic molecules surrounding the carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klara Stallhofer
- Physik-Department, Lehrstuhl für Laser- und Röntgenphysik, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Matthias Nuber
- Physik-Department, Lehrstuhl für Laser- und Röntgenphysik, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Daniele Cortecchia
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798
- Energy Research Institute @ NTU (ERI@N), Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637553
| | - Annalisa Bruno
- Energy Research Institute @ NTU (ERI@N), Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637553
| | - Reinhard Kienberger
- Physik-Department, Lehrstuhl für Laser- und Röntgenphysik, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Felix Deschler
- Physik-Department, Walter Schottky Institut, Technische Universität München, Am Coulombwall 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Cesare Soci
- Energy Research Institute @ NTU (ERI@N), Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637553
- Division of Physics and Applied Physics, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, Singapore 637371
| | - Hristo Iglev
- Physik-Department, Lehrstuhl für Laser- und Röntgenphysik, Technische Universität München, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
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41
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Zhu TY, Shu DJ. Polarization-Controlled Surface Defect Formation in a Hybrid Perovskite. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:3898-3906. [PMID: 33861073 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c00702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid perovskites have two properties that are absent in traditional inorganic photovoltaic materials, namely, polarization and mobile ionic defects, the interaction between which may introduce new features into the materials. By using the first-principles calculations, we find that the formation energies of the vacancy defects at a tetragonal MAPbI3(110) surface are highly related to the surface polarization. The positive total polarization and local polarization of MA facilitate the formation of surface MA vacancies, whereas the negative total polarization and local polarization of MAI are favorable for the formation of surface iodine vacancies. The phenomena can be explained quantitatively on the basis of the two kinds of Coulomb interactions between the charged defect and the polarization-induced electrostatic field. The comprehensive insights into the interaction between the polarization and the ionic defects in hybrid perovskites can provide a new avenue for defect control for high-performance perovskite solar cells via surface polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Yuan Zhu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Da-Jun Shu
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, School of Physics, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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42
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Wang T, Fan J, Do-Thanh CL, Suo X, Yang Z, Chen H, Yuan Y, Lyu H, Yang S, Dai S. Perovskite Oxide-Halide Solid Solutions: A Platform for Electrocatalysts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:9953-9958. [PMID: 33524205 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202101120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The successful integration or hybridization of perovskite oxides with their halide cousins would enable the formation of both multi-anionic and multi-cationic solid solutions with unique metal-ion sites and synergistic properties that could potentially surpass the performance of classic perovskites. However, such solid solutions had not been produced previously owing to their distinct formation energies and different synthesis conditions. Solid solutions combining perovskite oxides with fluorides were produced in this study by mechanochemical synthesis. The obtained perovskite oxide-halide solid solutions had highly mixed elements and valences, uniform element distributions, and single-phase crystalline structures. The solid solution with an optimized combination of oxides and fluorides exhibited enhanced catalytic performance in the oxygen evolution reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Juntian Fan
- Department of Chemistry, Joint Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Chi-Linh Do-Thanh
- Department of Chemistry, Joint Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Xian Suo
- Department of Chemistry, Joint Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Zhenzhen Yang
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Joint Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Yating Yuan
- Department of Chemistry, Joint Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Hailong Lyu
- Department of Chemistry, Joint Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
| | - Shize Yang
- Eyring Materials Center, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85257, USA
| | - Sheng Dai
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Joint Institute for Advanced Materials, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, USA
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43
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Wang T, Fan J, Do‐Thanh C, Suo X, Yang Z, Chen H, Yuan Y, Lyu H, Yang S, Dai S. Perovskite Oxide–Halide Solid Solutions: A Platform for Electrocatalysts. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202101120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Chemical Sciences Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge TN 37831 USA
| | - Juntian Fan
- Department of Chemistry Joint Institute for Advanced Materials University of Tennessee Knoxville TN 37996 USA
| | - Chi‐Linh Do‐Thanh
- Department of Chemistry Joint Institute for Advanced Materials University of Tennessee Knoxville TN 37996 USA
| | - Xian Suo
- Department of Chemistry Joint Institute for Advanced Materials University of Tennessee Knoxville TN 37996 USA
| | - Zhenzhen Yang
- Chemical Sciences Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge TN 37831 USA
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Chemistry Joint Institute for Advanced Materials University of Tennessee Knoxville TN 37996 USA
| | - Yating Yuan
- Department of Chemistry Joint Institute for Advanced Materials University of Tennessee Knoxville TN 37996 USA
| | - Hailong Lyu
- Department of Chemistry Joint Institute for Advanced Materials University of Tennessee Knoxville TN 37996 USA
| | - Shize Yang
- Eyring Materials Center Arizona State University Tempe AZ 85257 USA
| | - Sheng Dai
- Chemical Sciences Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge TN 37831 USA
- Department of Chemistry Joint Institute for Advanced Materials University of Tennessee Knoxville TN 37996 USA
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44
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Lobato A, Recio-Poo M, Otero-de-la-Roza A, Salvadó MA, Recio JM. Controlling the off-center positions of anions through thermodynamics and kinetics in flexible perovskite-like materials. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:4491-4499. [PMID: 33439159 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp05711h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Due to the network flexibility of their BX3 sub-lattice, a manifold of polymorphs with potential multiferroic applications can be found in perovskite-like ABX3 materials under different pressure and temperature conditions. The potential energy surface of these compounds usually presents equivalent off-center positions of anions connected by low energetic barriers. This feature facilitates a competition between the thermodynamic and kinetic control of the transitions from low to high symmetry structures, and explains the relationship between the rich polymorphism and network flexibility. In the rhombohedral phase of iron trifluoride, our first-principles electronic structure and phonon calculations reveal the factors that determine which of the two scenarios dominates the transition. At the experimentally reported rhombohedral-cubic transition temperature, the calculated fluorine displacements are fast enough to overcome forward and backward a barrier of less than 30 kJ mol-1, leading to an average structure with cubic symmetry. In addition, lattice strain effects observed in epitaxial growth and nanocrystallite experiments involving BX3 compounds are successfully mimicked by computing the phase stability of FeF3 under negative pressures. We predict a transition pressure at -1.8 GPa with a relative volume change around 5%, consistent with a first-order transition from the rhombohedral to the cubic structure. Overall, our study illustrates how, by strain tuning, either a thermodynamic or a kinetic pathway can be selected for this transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Lobato
- MALTA Team and Departamento de Química Física y Analítica, Universidad de Oviedo, E-33006 Oviedo, Spain.
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45
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Wang ZW, Sun Y, Cui Y, Xiao Y, Deng JP, Xiong W, Li ZQ. Quantum defect-assisted multiphonon Raman scattering in metal halide perovskites. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 33:145702. [PMID: 33494077 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/abdf92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Quantum defects are essential to understand the non-radiative recombination processes in metal halide perovskites-based photovoltaic devices, in which Huang-Rhys factor, reflecting the coupling strength between the charge carrier and optical phonons, plays a key role in determining the non-radiative recombination via multiphonon processes. Herein, we theoretically present multiphonon Raman scattering intermediated by defects arising from the charge carrier of defect coupled with the longitudinal optical (LO) phonon in the deformation potential and Fröhlich mechanisms, respectively. We find that the Raman scattering shows multiple LO phonon overtones at equal interval LO phonons, where Huang-Rhys factor could be evaluated by the order of the strongest overtone. Meanwhile, we give the combinational multiphonon scattering between two mechanisms. Different types of the combinational modes with the weak scattering intensities provide a possible explanation for the long non-radiative charges-carrier lifetimes in metal halide perovskites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Wu Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials Physics and Preparing Technology, Department of Physics, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials Physics and Preparing Technology, Department of Physics, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Condensed Matter Physics, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao 028043, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Cui
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials Physics and Preparing Technology, Department of Physics, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Xiao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials Physics and Preparing Technology, Department of Physics, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Pei Deng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials Physics and Preparing Technology, Department of Physics, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Xiong
- Department of Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Qing Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Materials Physics and Preparing Technology, Department of Physics, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300354, People's Republic of China
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Liu F, Sidhik S, Hoffbauer MA, Lewis S, Neukirch AJ, Pavlenko V, Tsai H, Nie W, Even J, Tretiak S, Ajayan PM, Kanatzidis MG, Crochet JJ, Moody NA, Blancon JC, Mohite AD. Highly efficient photoelectric effect in halide perovskites for regenerative electron sources. Nat Commun 2021; 12:673. [PMID: 33514723 PMCID: PMC7846809 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-20954-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Electron sources are a critical component in a wide range of applications such as electron-beam accelerator facilities, photomultipliers, and image intensifiers for night vision. We report efficient, regenerative and low-cost electron sources based on solution-processed halide perovskites thin films when they are excited with light with energy equal to or above their bandgap. We measure a quantum efficiency up to 2.2% and a lifetime of more than 25 h. Importantly, even after degradation, the electron emission can be completely regenerated to its maximum efficiency by deposition of a monolayer of Cs. The electron emission from halide perovskites can be tuned over the visible and ultraviolet spectrum, and operates at vacuum levels with pressures at least two-orders higher than in state-of-the-art semiconductor electron sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangze Liu
- grid.148313.c0000 0004 0428 3079Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM USA
| | - Siraj Sidhik
- grid.21940.3e0000 0004 1936 8278Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Rice University, Houston, TX USA ,grid.21940.3e0000 0004 1936 8278Department of Material Science and Nanoengineering Rice University, Houston, TX USA
| | - Mark A. Hoffbauer
- grid.148313.c0000 0004 0428 3079Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM USA
| | - Sina Lewis
- grid.148313.c0000 0004 0428 3079Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM USA
| | - Amanda J. Neukirch
- grid.148313.c0000 0004 0428 3079Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM USA
| | - Vitaly Pavlenko
- grid.148313.c0000 0004 0428 3079Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM USA
| | - Hsinhan Tsai
- grid.148313.c0000 0004 0428 3079Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM USA
| | - Wanyi Nie
- grid.148313.c0000 0004 0428 3079Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM USA
| | - Jacky Even
- grid.410368.80000 0001 2191 9284Univ Rennes, INSA Rennes, CNRS, Institut FOTON - UMR 6082, 20, Avenue des buttes de Coesmes, Rennes, France
| | - Sergei Tretiak
- grid.148313.c0000 0004 0428 3079Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM USA
| | - Pulickel M. Ajayan
- grid.21940.3e0000 0004 1936 8278Department of Material Science and Nanoengineering Rice University, Houston, TX USA
| | - Mercouri G. Kanatzidis
- grid.16753.360000 0001 2299 3507Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL USA ,grid.16753.360000 0001 2299 3507Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL USA ,grid.16753.360000 0001 2299 3507Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL USA
| | - Jared J. Crochet
- grid.148313.c0000 0004 0428 3079Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM USA
| | - Nathan A. Moody
- grid.148313.c0000 0004 0428 3079Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM USA
| | - Jean-Christophe Blancon
- grid.21940.3e0000 0004 1936 8278Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Rice University, Houston, TX USA
| | - Aditya D. Mohite
- grid.21940.3e0000 0004 1936 8278Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Rice University, Houston, TX USA ,grid.21940.3e0000 0004 1936 8278Department of Material Science and Nanoengineering Rice University, Houston, TX USA
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47
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Lee JW, Seo S, Nandi P, Jung HS, Park NG, Shin H. Dynamic structural property of organic-inorganic metal halide perovskite. iScience 2020; 24:101959. [PMID: 33437939 PMCID: PMC7788097 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.101959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Unique organic-inorganic hybrid semiconducting materials have made a remarkable breakthrough in new class of photovoltaics (PVs). Organic-inorganic metal (Pb and/or Sn) halides (-I, -Br, and -Cl) are the semiconducting absorber with the crystal structure of the famous "Perovskite". It is widely called "perovskite solar cells (PSCs)" in PV society. Now, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of PSCs is recorded in 25.5%. Prototypical composition of the absorbers is (A = methylammonium [MA], formamidinium [FA], and Cs), (M = Pb and/or Sn), and (X = I, Br, and Cl) in the form of perovskite AMX3. Since the report on the stable all solid-state PSCs in 2012, the average annual growth rate of PCE is well over ∼10%. Such an outstanding PV performance attracts huge number of scientists in our research society. Their chemical as well as physical properties are dramatically different from monocrystalline Si, GaAs, other III-IV semiconductors, and many oxides with the crystal structure of perovskite. In this review, different fundamental aspects, in particular, the dynamic properties of A site cationic molecules and PbI6 octahedrons linked with their corners, from other semiconducting and dielectric materials are reviewed and summarized. Upon discussing unique properties, perspectives on the promising PV applications based on the comprehension in dynamic nature of the orientation in A site molecule and PbI6 octahedron tilting will be given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Wook Lee
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT) and Department of Nanoengineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongrok Seo
- Department of Energy Science and Nature Inspired Materials Processing Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Pronoy Nandi
- Department of Energy Science and Nature Inspired Materials Processing Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Suk Jung
- School of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding author
| | - Nam-Gyu Park
- School of Chemical Engineering, Energy Frontier Laboratory, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding author
| | - Hyunjung Shin
- Department of Energy Science and Nature Inspired Materials Processing Research Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding author
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VandenBussche E, Clark CP, Holmes RJ, Flannigan DJ. Mitigating Damage to Hybrid Perovskites Using Pulsed-Beam TEM. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:31867-31871. [PMID: 33344840 PMCID: PMC7745440 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c04711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Using a pulsed-beam transmission electron microscope, we discover a reduction in damage to methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) as compared to conventional beams delivered at the same dose rates. For rates as low as 0.001 e·Å-2·s-1, we find up to a 17% reduction in damage at a total dose of 10 e·Å-2. We systematically study the effects of number of electrons in each pulse and the duration between pulse arrival. Damage increases for both, though the number of electrons per pulse has a larger effect. A crossover is identified, where a pulsed beam causes more damage than a conventional one. Although qualitatively similar to previous findings, the degree to which damage is reduced in MAPbI3 is less than that observed for other materials (e.g., C36H74), supporting the hypothesis that the effects are material- and damage-mechanism-dependent. Despite this, the observation here of damage reduction for relatively large electron packets (up to 200 electrons per pulse) suggests that MAPbI3 is in fact less susceptible to irradiation than C36H74, which may be related to reported self-healing effects. This work provides insights into damage processes and durability in hybrid perovskites and also illustrates the viability of using pulsed-beam TEM to explore the associated molecular-level routes to degradation, analogous to laser-accelerated energetic pulsed electron beams and the study of damage to biomolecules, cells, and tissues in radiobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisah
J. VandenBussche
- Department of Chemical Engineering
and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Catherine P. Clark
- Department of Chemical Engineering
and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Russell J. Holmes
- Department of Chemical Engineering
and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - David J. Flannigan
- Department of Chemical Engineering
and Materials Science, University of Minnesota, 421 Washington Avenue SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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Blancon JC, Even J, Stoumpos CC, Kanatzidis MG, Mohite AD. Semiconductor physics of organic-inorganic 2D halide perovskites. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 15:969-985. [PMID: 33277622 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-020-00811-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Achieving technologically relevant performance and stability for optoelectronics, energy conversion, photonics, spintronics and quantum devices requires creating atomically precise materials with tailored homo- and hetero-interfaces, which can form functional hierarchical assemblies. Nature employs tunable sequence chemistry to create complex architectures, which efficiently transform matter and energy, however, in contrast, the design of synthetic materials and their integration remains a long-standing challenge. Organic-inorganic two-dimensional halide perovskites (2DPKs) are organic and inorganic two-dimensional layers, which self-assemble in solution to form highly ordered periodic stacks. They exhibit a large compositional and structural phase space, which has led to novel and exciting physical properties. In this Review, we discuss the current understanding in the structure and physical properties of 2DPKs from the monolayers to assemblies, and present a comprehensive comparison with conventional semiconductors, thereby providing a broad understanding of low-dimensional semiconductors that feature complex organic-inorganic hetero-interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jacky Even
- Univ Rennes, INSA Rennes, CNRS, Institut FOTON - UMR 6082, Rennes, France
| | - Costas C Stoumpos
- Department of Materials Science and Technology, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Mercouri G Kanatzidis
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Aditya D Mohite
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA.
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50
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Hong MJ, Zhu L, Chen C, Tang L, Lin YH, Li W, Johnson R, Chattopadhyay S, Snaith HJ, Fang C, Labram JG. Time-Resolved Changes in Dielectric Constant of Metal Halide Perovskites under Illumination. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:19799-19803. [PMID: 33186029 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c07307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Despite their impressive performance as a solar absorber, much remains unknown on the fundamental properties of metal halide perovskites (MHPs). Their polar nature in particular is an intense area of study, and the relative permittivity (εr) is a parameter widely used to quantify polarization over a range of different time scales. In this report, we have exploited frequency-dependent time-resolved microwave conductivity (TRMC) to study how εr values of a range of MHPs change as a function of time, upon optical illumination. Further characterization of charge carriers and polarizability are conducted by femtosecond transient absorption and stimulated Raman spectroscopy. We find that changes in εr are roughly proportional to photogenerated carrier density but decay with a shorter time constant than conductance, suggesting that the presence of charge carriers alone does not determine polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Ji Hong
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Liangdong Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Cheng Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Longteng Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Yen-Hung Lin
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK
| | - Wen Li
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK.,Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Rose Johnson
- School of Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Shirsopratim Chattopadhyay
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Henry J Snaith
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK
| | - Chong Fang
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - John G Labram
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
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