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Zheng X, Du Q, Yu C, Liu Q, Wang W, Wang F, Qin S. Organic-Inorganic Rubrene/WS 2 Heterostructure for Broadband Detection and Polarization Imaging. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:39737-39744. [PMID: 39012264 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c08895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Organic single crystals exhibit improved carrier mobility, longer exciton diffusion length, anisotropic charge transport, and unique linear dichroism, while its high exciton binding energy seriously limits the free-carrier generation and photoelectric conversion efficiency. Layered van der Waals heterostructures, which integrate organic crystals with high mobility two-dimensional (2D) inorganic semiconductors, are promising for promoting exciton dissociation and boosting sensitivity by utilizing the interfacial potential and photogating effect. In this work, organic single-crystal rubrene is integrated with a few-layer WS2 to design the high-performance photodetector. The device exhibits an excellent responsivity of 1000 A W-1, and a fast speed of 180 μs, which is far superior to the individual WS2 device. Equally importantly, this device provides excellent polarization detection performance by virtue of the anisotropic properties of rubrene, and the dichroic ratios are 1.56, 1.5, and 1.7 for 375, 405, and 658 nm irradiation, respectively. Finally, several high-resolution single-pixel broadband polarization imaging was demonstrated. Our work shows that organic-inorganic heterostructure is an essential candidate for improving optoelectronics performance and has potential for polarization imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xialian Zheng
- School of Physical Science and Information Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Science and Technology of Shandong Province, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
| | - Qianqian Du
- School of Physical Science and Information Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Science and Technology of Shandong Province, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
| | - Chunshuai Yu
- School of Physical Science and Information Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Science and Technology of Shandong Province, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
| | - Qing Liu
- School of Physical Science and Information Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Science and Technology of Shandong Province, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
| | - Wenjun Wang
- School of Physical Science and Information Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Science and Technology of Shandong Province, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
| | - Fengqiu Wang
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Shuchao Qin
- School of Physical Science and Information Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Science and Technology of Shandong Province, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
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2
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Zhu H, Li K. A Facile One-Step Self-Assembly Strategy for Novel Carbon Dots Supramolecular Crystals with Ultralong Phosphorescence Controlled by NH 4. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2402236. [PMID: 38970543 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202402236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
A new methodological design is proposed for carbon dots (CDs)-based crystallization-induced phosphorescence (CIP) materials via one-step self-assembled packaging controlled by NH4 +. O-phenylenediamine (o-PD) as a nitrogen/carbon source and the ammonium salts as oxidants are used to obtain CDs supramolecular crystals with a well-defined staircase-like morphology, pink fluorescence and ultralong green room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) (733.56 ms) that is the first highest value for CDs-based CIP materials using pure nitrogen/carbon source by one-step packaging. Wherein, NH4 + and o-PD-derived oxidative polymers are prerequisites for self-assembled crystallization so as to receive the ultralong RTP. Density functional theory calculation indicates that NH4 + tends to anchor to the dimer on the surface state of CDs and guides CDs to cross-arrange in an X-type stacking mode, leading to the spatially separated frontier orbitals and the through-space charge transfer (TSCT) excited state in turn. Such a self-assembled mode contributes to both the small singlet-triplet energy gap (ΔEST) and the fast inter-system crossing (ISC) process that is directly related to ultralong RTP. This work not only proposes a new strategy to prepare CDs-based CIP materials in one step but also reveals the potential for the self-assembled behavior controlled by NH4 +.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanping Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Kang Li
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
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3
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Song H, Chen S, Sun X, Cui Y, Yildirim T, Kang J, Yang S, Yang F, Lu Y, Zhang L. Enhancing 2D Photonics and Optoelectronics with Artificial Microstructures. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2403176. [PMID: 39031754 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202403176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
By modulating subwavelength structures and integrating functional materials, 2D artificial microstructures (2D AMs), including heterostructures, superlattices, metasurfaces and microcavities, offer a powerful platform for significant manipulation of light fields and functions. These structures hold great promise in high-performance and highly integrated optoelectronic devices. However, a comprehensive summary of 2D AMs remains elusive for photonics and optoelectronics. This review focuses on the latest breakthroughs in 2D AM devices, categorized into electronic devices, photonic devices, and optoelectronic devices. The control of electronic and optical properties through tuning twisted angles is discussed. Some typical strategies that enhance light-matter interactions are introduced, covering the integration of 2D materials with external photonic structures and intrinsic polaritonic resonances. Additionally, the influences of external stimuli, such as vertical electric fields, enhanced optical fields and plasmonic confinements, on optoelectronic properties is analysed. The integrations of these devices are also thoroughly addressed. Challenges and future perspectives are summarized to stimulate research and development of 2D AMs for future photonics and optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haizeng Song
- Henan Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Functional Materials, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou, 466001, China
- College of Physics, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Key Laboratory of Aerospace Information Materials and Physics (NUAA), MIIT, Nanjing, 211106, China
| | - Shuai Chen
- College of Physics, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Key Laboratory of Aerospace Information Materials and Physics (NUAA), MIIT, Nanjing, 211106, China
| | - Xueqian Sun
- School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, the Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Yichun Cui
- National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Test Physics and Numerical Mathematics, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Tanju Yildirim
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, East Lismore, NSW, 2480, Australia
| | - Jian Kang
- College of Physics, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Key Laboratory of Aerospace Information Materials and Physics (NUAA), MIIT, Nanjing, 211106, China
| | - Shunshun Yang
- College of Physics, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Key Laboratory of Aerospace Information Materials and Physics (NUAA), MIIT, Nanjing, 211106, China
| | - Fan Yang
- College of Physics, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Key Laboratory of Aerospace Information Materials and Physics (NUAA), MIIT, Nanjing, 211106, China
| | - Yuerui Lu
- School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Science, the Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Linglong Zhang
- College of Physics, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Key Laboratory of Aerospace Information Materials and Physics (NUAA), MIIT, Nanjing, 211106, China
- Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
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4
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Sun Y, Shi X, Yu Y, Zhang Z, Wu M, Rao L, Dong Y, Zhang J, Zou Y, You S, Liu J, Lei M, Liu C, Jiang L. Low Contact Resistance Organic Single-Crystal Transistors with Band-Like Transport Based on 2,6-Bis-Phenylethynyl-Anthracene. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2400112. [PMID: 38500296 PMCID: PMC11165518 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202400112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Contact resistance has become one of the main bottlenecks that hinder further improvement of mobility and integration density of organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). Much progress has been made in reducing contact resistance by modifying the electrode/semiconductor interface and decreasing the crystal thickness, however, the development of new organic semiconductor materials with low contact resistance still faces many challenges. Here, 2,6-bis-phenylethynyl-anthracene (BPEA) is found, which is a material that combines high mobility with low contact resistance. Single-crystal BEPA OFETs with a thickness of ≈20 nm demonstrated high mobility of 4.52 cm2 V-1 s-1, contact resistance as low as 335 Ω cm, and band-like charge transport behavior. The calculated compatibility of the EHOMO of BPEA with the work function of the Au electrode, and the decreased |EHOMO-ΦAu| with the increase of external electric field intensity from source to gate both contributed to the efficient charge injection and small contact resistance. More intriguingly, p-type BPEA as a buffer layer can effectively reduce the contact resistance, improve the mobility, and meanwhile inhibit the double-slope electrical behavior of p-channel 2,6-diphenyl anthracene (DPA) single-crystal OFETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Sun
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesKey Laboratory of Organic SolidsInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- University of the Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Xiaosong Shi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesKey Laboratory of Organic SolidsInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- University of the Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Yamin Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesKey Laboratory of Organic SolidsInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications and School of ScienceBeijing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsBeijing100876China
| | - Zhilei Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesKey Laboratory of Organic SolidsInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- University of the Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Miao Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesKey Laboratory of Organic SolidsInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- University of the Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Limei Rao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesKey Laboratory of Organic SolidsInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- University of the Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
| | - Yicai Dong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesKey Laboratory of Organic SolidsInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesKey Laboratory of Organic SolidsInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
| | - Ye Zou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesKey Laboratory of Organic SolidsInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
| | - Shengyong You
- Institute of Applied ChemistryJiangxi Academy of SciencesNanchang330096China
| | - Jie Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesKey Laboratory of Organic SolidsInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
| | - Ming Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications and School of ScienceBeijing University of Posts and TelecommunicationsBeijing100876China
| | - Chuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and TechnologiesGuangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and TechnologySchool of Physics and EngineeringSchool of MicroelectronicsSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhou510275China
| | - Lang Jiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesKey Laboratory of Organic SolidsInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China
- University of the Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049China
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5
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Guo L, Hu S, Gu X, Zhang R, Wang K, Yan W, Sun X. Emerging Spintronic Materials and Functionalities. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2301854. [PMID: 37309258 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202301854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The explosive growth of the information era has put forward urgent requirements for ultrahigh-speed and extremely efficient computations. In direct contrary to charge-based computations, spintronics aims to use spins as information carriers for data storage, transmission, and decoding, to help fully realize electronic device miniaturization and high integration for next-generation computing technologies. Currently, many novel spintronic materials have been developed with unique properties and multifunctionalities, including organic semiconductors (OSCs), organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites (OIHPs), and 2D materials (2DMs). These materials are useful to fulfill the demand for developing diverse and advanced spintronic devices. Herein, these promising materials are systematically reviewed for advanced spintronic applications. Due to the distinct chemical and physical structures of OSCs, OIHPs, and 2DMs, their spintronic properties (spin transport and spin manipulation) are discussed separately. In addition, some multifunctionalities due to photoelectric and chiral-induced spin selectivity (CISS) are overviewed, including the spin-filter effect, spin-photovoltaics, spin-light emitting devices, and spin-transistor functions. Subsequently, challenges and future perspectives of using these multifunctional materials for the development of advanced spintronics are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Shunhua Hu
- Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xianrong Gu
- Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Kai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Optical Information, Ministry of Education, School of Physical Science and Engineering, Institute of Optoelectronics Technology, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, P. R. China
| | - Wenjing Yan
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, NG9 2RD, UK
| | - Xiangnan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, P. R. China
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6
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Li J, Wang P, Dong J, Xie Z, Tan X, Zhou L, Ai L, Li B, Wang Y, Dong H. A Domino Protocol toward High-performance Unsymmetrical Dibenzo[d,d']thieno[2,3-b;4,5-b']dithiophenes Semiconductors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202400803. [PMID: 38414106 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202400803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Unsymmetric organic semiconductors have many advantages such as good solubility, rich intermolecular interactions for potential various optoelectronic applications. However, their synthesis is more challenging due to intricate structures thus normally suffering tedious synthesis. Herein, we report a trisulfur radical anion (S3⋅-) triggered domino thienannulation strategy for the synthesis of dibenzo[d,d']thieno[2,3-b;4,5-b']dithiophenes (DBTDTs) using readily available 1-halo-2-ethynylbenzenes as starting materials. This domino protocol features no metal catalyst and the formation of six C-S and one C-C bonds in a one-pot reaction. Mechanistic study revealed a unique domino radical anion pathway. Single crystal structure analysis of unsymmetric DBTDT shows that its unique unsymmetric structure endows rich and multiple weak S⋅⋅⋅S interactions between molecules, which enables the large intermolecular transfer integrals of 86 meV and efficient charge transport performance with a carrier mobility of 1.52 cm2 V-1 s-1. This study provides a facile and highly efficient synthetic strategy for more high-performance unsymmetric organic semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Li
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Pu Wang
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jiaxuan Dong
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ziyi Xie
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiangyu Tan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lu Zhou
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Liankun Ai
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Baolin Li
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yang Wang
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Huanli Dong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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7
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Liu Y, Zhu F, Wang Y, Yan D. High-efficiency crystalline white organic light-emitting diodes. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2024; 13:86. [PMID: 38589356 PMCID: PMC11001915 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-024-01428-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Crystalline white organic light-emitting diodes (C-WOLEDs) are promising candidates for lighting and display applications. It is urgently necessary, however, to develop energy-saving and high-efficiency C-WOLEDs that have stable and powerful emission to meet commercial demands. Here, we report a crystalline host matrix (CHM) with embedded nanoaggregates (NA) structure for developing high-performance C-WOLEDs by employing a thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) material and orange phosphorescent dopants (Phos.-D). The CHM-TADFNA-D WOLED exhibit a remarkable EQE of 12.8%, which is the highest performance WOLEDs based on crystalline materials. The device has a quick formation of excitons and a well-designed energy transfer process, and possesses a fast ramping of luminance and current density. Compared to recently reported high-performance WOLEDs based on amorphous material route, the C-WOLED achieves a low series-resistance Joule-heat loss ratio and an enhanced photon output, demonstrating its significant potential in developing the next-generation WOLEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China.
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China.
| | - Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Donghang Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
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8
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Scott JM, Dale SG, McBroom J, Gould T, Li Q. Size Isn't Everything: Geometric Tuning in Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Its Implications for Carbon Nanodots. J Phys Chem A 2024; 128:2003-2014. [PMID: 38470339 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c07416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Recent developments in light-emitting carbon nanodots and molecular organic semiconductors have seen renewed interest in the properties of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) as a family. The networks of delocalized π electrons in sp2-hybridized carbon grant PAHs light-emissive properties right across the visible spectrum. However, the mechanistic understanding of their emission energy has been limited due to the ground state-focused methods of determination. This computational chemistry work, therefore, seeks to validate existing rules and elucidate new features and characteristics of PAHs that influence their emissions. Predictions based on (time-dependent) density functional theory account for the full 3-dimensional electronic structure of ground and excited states and reveal that twisting and near-degeneracies strongly influence emission spectra and may therefore be used to tune the color of PAHs and, hence, carbon nanodots. We particularly note that the influence of twisting goes beyond torsional destabilization of the ground-state and geometric relaxation of the excited state, with a third contribution associated with the electric transition dipole. Symmetries and peri-condensation may also have an effect, but this could not be statistically confirmed. In pursuing this goal, we demonstrate that with minimal changes to molecular size, the entire visible spectrum may be spanned by geometric modification alone; we have also provided a first estimate of emission energy for 35 molecules currently lacking published emission spectra as well as clear guidelines for when more sophisticated computational techniques are required to predict the properties of PAHs accurately.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Scott
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia
- School of Engineering and Built Environment, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Stephen G Dale
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia
- The Institute for Functional Intelligent Materials (I-FIM), National University of Singapore, 4 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117544, Singapore
| | - James McBroom
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Tim Gould
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Qin Li
- Queensland Micro- and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia
- School of Engineering and Built Environment, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia
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9
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Xie Z, Liu D, Zhao Z, Gao C, Wang P, Jiang C, Liu X, Zhang X, Ren Z, Yan S, Hu W, Dong H. High Mobility Emissive Excimer Organic Semiconductor Towards Color-Tunable Light-Emitting Transistors. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202319380. [PMID: 38246876 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202319380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Organic light-emitting transistors (OLETs) are highly integrated and minimized optoelectronic devices with significant potential superiority in smart displays and optical communications. To realize these various applications, it is urgently needed for color-tunable emission in OLETs, but remains a great challenge as a result of the difficulty for designing organic semiconductors simultaneously integrating high carrier mobility, strong solid-state emission, and the ability for potential tunable colors. Herein, a high mobility emissive excimer organic semiconductor, 2,7-di(2-anthryl)-9H-fluorene (2,7-DAF) was reasonably designed by introducing a rotatable carbon-carbon single bond connecting two anthracene groups at the 2,7-sites of fluorene, and the small torsion angles simultaneously guarantee effective conjugation and suppress fluorescence quenching. Indeed, the unique stable dimer arrangement and herringbone packing mode of 2,7-DAF single crystal enables its superior integrated optoelectronic properties with high carrier mobility of 2.16 cm2 ⋅ V-1 ⋅ s-1 , and strong excimer emission with absolute photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 47.4 %. Furthermore, the voltage-dependent electrically induced color-tunable emission from orange to blue was also demonstrated for an individual 2,7-DAF single crystal based OLETs for the first time. This work opens the door for a new class of high mobility emissive excimer organic semiconductors, and provides a good platform for the study of color-tunable OLETs.
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Grants
- 2022YFB3603800, 2018YFA0703200 Ministry of Science and Technology
- 52233010, 52103245, 61890943, 22021002, 51725304 and 22305252 Innovative Research Group Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China
- YSBR-053 Training Program for Excellent Young Innovators of Changsha
- 2023YFB3609000, 2022YFB3603800, 2018YFA0703200 Ministry of Science and Technology of China
- 52233010, 52103245, 22021002, and 22305252 Natural Science Foundation of China
- YSBR-053 CAS Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research
- BNLMS-CXXM-202012 Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences
- 2023M733555 China Postdoctoral Science Foundation
- GZB20230771 Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Xie
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Zhennan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Can Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Pu Wang
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chuanxiu Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Xinfeng Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Standardization and Measurement for Nanotechnology, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Xiaotao Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Tianjin University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Zhongjie Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Shouke Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China
| | - Wenping Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Tianjin University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Huanli Dong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
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10
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Wang Z, Han W, Shi R, Han X, Zheng Y, Xu J, Bu XH. Mechanoresponsive Flexible Crystals. JACS AU 2024; 4:279-300. [PMID: 38425899 PMCID: PMC10900217 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.3c00481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Flexible crystals have gained significant attention owing to their remarkable pliability, plasticity, and adaptability, making them highly popular in various research and application fields. The main challenges in developing flexible crystals lie in the rational design, preparation, and performance optimization of such crystals. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the fundamental origins of crystal flexibility is crucial for establishing evaluation criteria and design principles. This Perspective offers a retrospective analysis of the development of flexible crystals over the past two decades. It summarizes the elastic standards and possible plastic bending mechanisms tailored to diverse flexible crystals and analyzes the assessment of their theoretical basis and applicability. Meanwhile, the compatibility between crystal elasticity and plasticity has been discussed, unveiling the immense prospects of elastic/plastic crystals for applications in biomedicine, flexible electronic devices, and flexible optics. Furthermore, this Perspective presents state-of-the-art experimental avenues and analysis methods for investigating molecular interactions in molecular crystals, which is vital for the future exploration of the mechanisms of crystal flexibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Wang
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Smart Sensing Interdisciplinary
Science Center, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tongyan Road 38, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Wenqing Han
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Smart Sensing Interdisciplinary
Science Center, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tongyan Road 38, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Rongchao Shi
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Smart Sensing Interdisciplinary
Science Center, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tongyan Road 38, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Han
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Smart Sensing Interdisciplinary
Science Center, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tongyan Road 38, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Yongshen Zheng
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Smart Sensing Interdisciplinary
Science Center, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tongyan Road 38, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Jialiang Xu
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Smart Sensing Interdisciplinary
Science Center, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tongyan Road 38, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
| | - Xian-He Bu
- School
of Materials Science and Engineering, Smart Sensing Interdisciplinary
Science Center, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Nankai University, Tongyan Road 38, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300350, P. R. China
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11
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Zambrano-Angulo M, Cárdenas-Jirón G. Toward the search for new photosensitizers for DSSCs: theoretical study of both substituted Zn(II) and Si(IV) phthalocyanines. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:6164-6179. [PMID: 38300136 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp04417c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
We report a density functional theory (DFT) study performed for a set of 66 compounds based on zinc(II) and silicon(IV) phthalocyanines (Pcs) with potential applications in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The effect of the metal center (Zn, Si), periplanar and axial substituents, and anchor groups like anhydrous, carboxyl, and catechol on the electronic, optical, photovoltaics, and adsorption properties is investigated. Using the TD-DFT methodology and M06 and CAM-B3LYP functionals, we calculated the absorption spectra on optimized structures and in the solution phase but not on structures relaxed in the solvent. We obtained a strong Q band and a weak Soret band in the UV-Vis region, which are attributed to the transitions of type π-π* as described by the Gouterman orbitals. Q bands calculated show absorption up to 667 nm for ZnPcs and up to 769 nm for SiPcs, suggesting an essential role of the metal atom. The systems have a bathochromic effect in the order of secondary amine > primary amine > hydroxyl > amide > ester. We also found that the anhydrous and carboxyl groups favor absorption at longer wavelengths than the catechol group. The ZnPc systems show a slightly larger electron injection ΔGinj (∼1.1 eV) than SiPcs (∼0.9 eV), with similar values for the three anchor groups. The interaction energies (Eint) between ZnPcs/SiPcs and TiO2 in molecular and periodic configuration and corrected by the counterpoise method indicate that SiPcs predict more negative values than ZnPcs. The anchor group effect is relevant; the carboxyl moiety leads to stronger interactions than the anhydrous moiety. The strategies used could help to identify new photosensitizers for DSSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Zambrano-Angulo
- Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago, Chile.
| | - Gloria Cárdenas-Jirón
- Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago, Chile.
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12
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Zhugayevych A, Sun W, van der Heide T, Lien-Medrano CR, Frauenheim T, Tretiak S. Benchmark Data Set of Crystalline Organic Semiconductors. J Chem Theory Comput 2023; 19:8481-8490. [PMID: 37969072 PMCID: PMC10688188 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c00861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
This work reports a Benchmark Data set of Crystalline Organic Semiconductors to test calculations of the structural and electronic properties of these materials in the solid state. The data set contains 67 crystals consisting of mostly rigid molecules with a single dominant conformer, covering the majority of known structural types. The experimental crystal structure is available for the entire data set, whereas zero-temperature unit cell volume can be reliably estimated for a subset of 28 crystals. Using this subset, we benchmark r2SCAN-D3 and PBE-D3 density functionals. Then, for the entire data set, we benchmark approximate density functional theory (DFT) methods, including GFN1-xTB and DFTB3(3ob-3-1), with various dispersion corrections against r2SCAN-D3. Our results show that r2SCAN-D3 geometries are accurate within a few percent, which is comparable to the statistical uncertainty of experimental data at a fixed temperature, but the unit cell volume is systematically underestimated by 2% on average. The several times faster PBE-D3 provides an unbiased estimate of the volume for all systems except for molecules with highly polar bonds, for which the volume is substantially overestimated in correlation with the underestimation of atomic charges. Considered approximate DFT methods are orders of magnitude faster and provide qualitatively correct but overcompressed crystal structures unless the dispersion corrections are fitted by unit cell volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andriy Zhugayevych
- Max
Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Wenbo Sun
- Bremen
Center for Computational Materials Science, Am Fallturm 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Tammo van der Heide
- Bremen
Center for Computational Materials Science, Am Fallturm 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Frauenheim
- Bremen
Center for Computational Materials Science, Am Fallturm 1, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Sergei Tretiak
- Los
Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, United States
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13
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Chen J, Zhou J, Li N, Ding Y, Ren S, Zeng M. Novel Divinyl-Flanked Diketopyrrolopyrrole Polymer, Based on a Dimerization Strategy for High-Performance Organic Field-Effect Transistors. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4546. [PMID: 38232014 PMCID: PMC10707771 DOI: 10.3390/polym15234546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
In this communication, we report a novel acceptor structural unit, TVDPP, that can be distinguished from classical materials based on TDPP structures. By designing a synthetic route via retrosynthetic analysis, we successfully prepared this monomer and further prepared polymer P2TVDPP with high yield using a Stille-coupling polymerization reaction. The polymer showed several expected properties, such as high molecular weight, thermal stability, full planarity, small π-π stacking distance, smooth interface, and so on. The absorption spectra and energy levels of the polymer were characterized via photochemical and electrochemical analysis. The organic field-effect transistor (OFET), which is based on P2TVDPP, exhibited excellent carrier mobility and an on/off current ratio of 0.41 cm2 V-1 s-1 and ~107, respectively, which is an important step in expanding the significance of DPP-based materials in the field of optoelectronic devices and organic electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyang Chen
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Alternative Technologies for Fine Chemicals Process, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China; (J.C.)
| | - Jie Zhou
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Alternative Technologies for Fine Chemicals Process, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China; (J.C.)
| | - Na Li
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Alternative Technologies for Fine Chemicals Process, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China; (J.C.)
| | - Yubing Ding
- Zhuhai-Fudan Innovation Institute, Hengqin 519000, China
| | - Shiwei Ren
- Zhuhai-Fudan Innovation Institute, Hengqin 519000, China
| | - Minfeng Zeng
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Alternative Technologies for Fine Chemicals Process, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China; (J.C.)
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14
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Chen J, Ding Y, Zhou J, Li N, Ren S, Zeng M. Preparation of Novel Organic Polymer Semiconductor and Its Properties in Transistors through Collaborative Theoretical and Experimental Approaches. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4421. [PMID: 38006144 PMCID: PMC10674425 DOI: 10.3390/polym15224421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Conjugated polymer semiconductors based on donor-acceptor structures are commonly employed as core materials for optoelectronic devices in the field of organic electronics. In this study, we designed and synthesized a novel acceptor unit thiophene-vinyl-diketopyrrolopyrrole, named TVDPP, based on a four-step organic synthesis procedure. Stille coupling reactions were applied with high yields of polymerization of TVDPP with fluorinated thiophene (FT) monomer. The molecular weight and thermal stability of the polymers were tested and showed high molecular weight and good thermal stability. Theoretical simulation calculations and 2D grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS) tests verified the planarity of the material and excellent stacking properties, which are favorable for achieving high carrier mobility. Measurements based on the polymer as an organic thin film transistor (OTFT) device were carried out, and the mobility and on/off current ratio reached 0.383 cm2 V-1 s-1 and 104, respectively, showing its great potential in organic optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyang Chen
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Alternative Technologies for Fine Chemicals Process, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China; (J.C.); (N.L.)
| | - Yubing Ding
- Zhuhai-Fudan Innovation Research Institute, Hengqin 519000, China;
| | - Jie Zhou
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Alternative Technologies for Fine Chemicals Process, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China; (J.C.); (N.L.)
| | - Na Li
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Alternative Technologies for Fine Chemicals Process, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China; (J.C.); (N.L.)
| | - Shiwei Ren
- Zhuhai-Fudan Innovation Research Institute, Hengqin 519000, China;
| | - Minfeng Zeng
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Alternative Technologies for Fine Chemicals Process, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China; (J.C.); (N.L.)
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15
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Li M, Qin S, Zheng X, Du Q, Liu Y, Li S, Li H, Wang W, Wang F. Gate Controlled Photocurrent Generation Mechanism in Air-Grown Organic Single Crystals for High-Speed Multiband Imaging. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:48442-48451. [PMID: 37788404 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c08058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Organic semiconductors herald new opportunities for fabricating high-performance flexible and wearable optoelectronic devices owing to their intrinsic mechanical flexibility, excellent optical absorption, and cool-free operation. The photocurrent generation mechanisms are of multiple physical origins, including photoconductive, photovoltaic, and photogating effects, and the influence of individual effects on the device figures-of-merit is still not well understood. Here we fabricated a high-performance pentacene single-crystal transistor employing graphene electrodes and demonstrated the modulation from the photogating mechanism to the photoconduction effect by controlling gate bias. Control experiments indicate that the calculation based on transfer curves tends to overestimate the responsivity due to nearby trap states. Using a high frequency-modulated light signal to suppress the trapping process, we successfully measured its intrinsic -3 dB bandwidth of 75 kHz. Finally, high-resolution and UV-NIR high-speed imaging capability was demonstrated. Our work provides new guidelines for understanding the photophysical process and intrinsic performances of organic devices and also confirms the potential of organic single crystals in high-speed imaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengru Li
- Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Science and Technology of Shandong Province, School of Physical Science and Information Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng252059, China
| | - Shuchao Qin
- Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Science and Technology of Shandong Province, School of Physical Science and Information Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng252059, China
| | - Xialian Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Science and Technology of Shandong Province, School of Physical Science and Information Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng252059, China
| | - Qianqian Du
- Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Science and Technology of Shandong Province, School of Physical Science and Information Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng252059, China
| | - Yunlong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Science and Technology of Shandong Province, School of Physical Science and Information Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng252059, China
| | - Shuhong Li
- Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Science and Technology of Shandong Province, School of Physical Science and Information Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng252059, China
| | - Huiqin Li
- Bruker (Beijing) Scientific Technology Co. Ltd., Beijing 100081, China
| | - Wenjun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Science and Technology of Shandong Province, School of Physical Science and Information Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng252059, China
| | - Fengqiu Wang
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing210093, China
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16
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Yang W, Luo D, Li G, Luo Q, Banwell MG, Chen L. Synthesis of Pyridin-1(2 H)-ylacrylates and the Effects of Different Functional Groups on Their Fluorescence. Molecules 2023; 28:6511. [PMID: 37764287 PMCID: PMC10536652 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28186511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
While fluorescent organic materials have many potential as well as proven applications and so have attracted significant attention, pyridine-olefin conjugates remain a less studied subset of such systems. Herein, therefore, we report on the development of the straightforward syntheses of pyridin-1(2H)-ylacrylates and the outcomes of a study of the effects of substituents on their fluorescent properties. Such compounds were prepared using a simple, metal-free and three-component coupling reaction involving 2-aminopyridines, sulfonyl azides and propiolates. The fluorescent properties of the ensuing products are significantly affected by the positions of substituents on the cyclic framework, with those located in central positions having the greatest impact. Electron-withdrawing groups tend to induce blue shifts while electron-donating ones cause red shifts. This work highlights the capacity that the micro-modification of fluorescent materials provides for fine-tuning their properties such that they may be usefully applied to, for example, the study of luminescent materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiguang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Big Data Mining and Precision Drug Design of Guangdong Medical University, The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China; (D.L.); (G.L.)
| | - Danyang Luo
- Key Laboratory of Big Data Mining and Precision Drug Design of Guangdong Medical University, The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China; (D.L.); (G.L.)
| | - Guanrong Li
- Key Laboratory of Big Data Mining and Precision Drug Design of Guangdong Medical University, The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China; (D.L.); (G.L.)
| | - Qiaoli Luo
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang 524048, China;
| | - Martin G. Banwell
- Key Laboratory of Big Data Mining and Precision Drug Design of Guangdong Medical University, The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China; (D.L.); (G.L.)
- Institute for Advanced and Applied Chemical Synthesis (IAACS), Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Lanmei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Big Data Mining and Precision Drug Design of Guangdong Medical University, The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China; (D.L.); (G.L.)
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17
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Sun S, Qi J, Wang S, Wang Z, Hu Y, Huang Y, Fu Y, Wang Y, Du H, Hu X, Lei Y, Chen X, Li L, Hu W. General Spatial Confinement Recrystallization Method for Rapid Preparation of Thickness-Controllable and Uniform Organic Semiconductor Single Crystals. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2301421. [PMID: 37264765 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202301421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Organic semiconductor single crystals (OSSCs) are ideal materials for studying the intrinsic properties of organic semiconductors (OSCs) and constructing high-performance organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). However, there is no general method to rapidly prepare thickness-controllable and uniform single crystals for various OSCs. Here, inspired by the recrystallization (a spontaneous morphological instability phenomenon) of polycrystalline films, a spatial confinement recrystallization (SCR) method is developed to rapidly (even at several second timescales) grow thickness-controllable and uniform OSSCs in a well-controlled way by applying longitudinal pressure to tailor the growth direction of grains in OSCs polycrystalline films. The relationship between growth parameters including the growth time, temperature, longitudinal pressure, and thickness is comprehensively investigated. Remarkably, this method is applicable for various OSCs including insoluble and soluble small molecules and polymers, and can realize the high-quality crystal array growth. The corresponding 50 dinaphtho[2,3-b:2″,3″-f]thieno[3,2-b]thiophene (DNTT) single crystals coplanar OFETs prepared by the same batch have the mobility of 4.1 ± 0.4 cm2 V-1 s-1 , showing excellent uniformity. The overall performance of the method is superior to the reported methods in term of growth rate, generality, thickness controllability, and uniformity, indicating its broad application prospects in organic electronic and optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shougang Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, 300072, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiannan Qi
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, 300072, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuguang Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, 300072, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhongwu Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, 300072, Tianjin, China
| | - Yongxu Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, 300072, Tianjin, China
| | - Yinan Huang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, 300072, Tianjin, China
| | - Yao Fu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, 300072, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanpeng Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, 300072, Tianjin, China
| | - Haiyan Du
- Analysis and testing center of Tianjin University, 300192, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoxia Hu
- Analysis and testing center of Tianjin University, 300192, Tianjin, China
| | - Yong Lei
- Fachgebiet Angewandte Nanophysik, Institut für Physik & IMN MacroNano, Technische Universitat Ilmenau, 98693, Ilmenau, Germany
| | - Xiaosong Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, 300072, Tianjin, China
| | - Liqiang Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, 300072, Tianjin, China
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, 350207, Fuzhou, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, 300192, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenping Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, 300072, Tianjin, China
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, 350207, Fuzhou, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, 300192, Tianjin, China
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18
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Wu Z, Liu W, Yang X, Li W, Zhao L, Chi K, Xiao X, Yan Y, Zeng W, Liu Y, Chen H, Zhao Y. An In-Situ Cyanidation Strategy To Access Tetracyanodiacenaphthoanthracene Diimides with High Electron Mobilities Exceeding 10 cm 2 V -1 s -1. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202307695. [PMID: 37394618 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202307695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
A family of novel highly π-extended tetracyano-substituted acene diimides, named as tetracyanodiacenaphthoanthracene diimides (TCDADIs), have been synthesized using a facile four-fold Knoevenagel condensation strategy. Unlike conventional cyano substitution reactions, our approach enables access to a large π-conjugated backbone with the in-situ formation of four cyano substitutents at room temperature while avoiding extra cyano-functionalization reactions. TCDADIs decorated with different N-alkyl substituents present good solubility, near-coplanar backbones, good crystallinity, and low-lying lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energies of -4.33 eV, all of which contribute to desirable electron-transport performance when applied in organic field-effect transistors (OFET). The highest electron mobility of an OFET based on a 2-hexyldecyl-substituted TCDADI single crystal reaches 12.6 cm2 V-1 s-1 , which is not only among the highest values for the reported n-type organic semiconductor materials (OSMs) but also exceeds that of most n-type OSMs decorated with imide units.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeng Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Wentao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, P. R. China
| | - Xin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, P. R. China
| | - Wenhao Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Lingli Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, P. R. China
| | - Kai Chi
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Xuetao Xiao
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Yongkun Yan
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Weixuan Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Yunqi Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
| | - Huajie Chen
- Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Chemistry and Applications of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, 411105, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Materials and Devices, Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, P. R. China
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19
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Chen S, Ju Y, Zhang H, Zou Y, Lin S, Li Y, Wang S, Ma E, Deng W, Xiang S, Chen B, Zhang Z. Photo Responsive Electron and Proton Conductivity within a Hydrogen-Bonded Organic Framework. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202308418. [PMID: 37401627 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202308418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Rational design of crystalline porous materials with coupled proton-electron transfer has not yet been reported to date. Herein, we report a donor-acceptor (D-A) π-π stacking hydrogen-bonded organic framework (HOF; HOF-FJU-36) with zwitterionic 1,1'-bis(3-carboxybenzyl)-4,4'-bipyridinium (H2 L2+ ) as acceptor and 2,7-naphthalene disulfonate (NDS2- ) as donor to form a two-dimensional (2D) layer. Three water molecules were situated in the channels to connect with acidic species through hydrogen bonding interactions to give a 3D framework. The continuous π-π interactions along the a axis and the smooth H-bonding chain along the b axis provide the electron and proton transfer pathways, respectively. After 405 nm light irradiation, the photogenerated radicals could simultaneously endow HOF-FJU-36 with photoswitchable electron and proton conductivity due to coupled electron-proton transfer. By single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD) analyses, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transient absorption spectra and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, the mechanism of the switchable conductivity upon irradiation has been demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shimin Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, 350117, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yan Ju
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, 350117, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, 350117, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yingbing Zou
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, 350117, Fuzhou, China
| | - Si Lin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, 350117, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yunbin Li
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, 350117, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shuaiqi Wang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, 350117, Fuzhou, China
| | - En Ma
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361000, China
| | - Weihua Deng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, 350117, Fuzhou, China
| | - Shengchang Xiang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, 350117, Fuzhou, China
| | - Banglin Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, 350117, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhangjing Zhang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, 350117, Fuzhou, China
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20
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Liu D, Zhu F, Yan D. Crystalline organic thin films for crystalline OLEDs (II): weak epitaxy growth of phenanthroimidazole derivatives. RSC Adv 2023; 13:15586-15593. [PMID: 37228674 PMCID: PMC10203860 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra03095d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The ordered molecular arrangement of crystalline organic semiconductors facilitates high carrier mobility and light emission in organic light-emitting diode (OLED) devices. It has been demonstrated that the weak epitaxy growth (WEG) process is a valuable crystallization route for fabricating crystalline thin-film OLEDs (C-OLEDs). Recently, C-OLEDs based on crystalline thin films of phenanthroimidazole derivatives have exhibited excellent luminescent properties such as high photon output at low driving voltage and high power efficiency. Achieving effective control of organic crystalline thin film growth is crucial for the development of new C-OLEDs. Herein, we report the studies on morphology structure and growth behavior of the phenanthroimidazole derivative WEG thin films. The oriented growth of WEG crystalline thin films is determined by channeling and lattice matching between the inducing layer and active layer. Large-size and continuous WEG crystalline thin films can be obtained by controlling the growth conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
| | - Feng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
| | - Donghang Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun 130022 China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
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21
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Won T, Kumagai S, Kasuya N, Yamashita Y, Watanabe S, Okamoto T, Takeya J. Individual and synergetic charge transport properties at the solid and electrolyte interfaces of a single ultrathin single crystal of organic semiconductors. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:14496-14501. [PMID: 37190947 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp00782k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The chemical structures and morphologies of organic semiconductors (OSCs) and gate dielectrics have been widely investigated to improve the electrical performances of organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) because the charge transport therein is a phenomenon at the semiconductor-dielectric interfaces. Here, solid and ionic gel gate dielectrics were adopted on the lower and upper surfaces, respectively, of a single, two molecule-thick single crystals of p-type OSCs to study the charge transport properties at individual interfaces between the morphologically compatible OSC surface and different gate dielectrics. Using the four-probe method, the solid and ionic gel interfaces were found to exhibit hole mobilities of 9.3 and 2.2 cm2 V-1 s-1, respectively, which revealed the crucial impact of the gate dielectric materials on the interfacial charge transport. Interestingly, when gate biases are applied through both dielectrics, i.e., under the solid/ionic gel dual-gate transistor operation, the hole mobility at the solid gate interface is improved up to 14.7 cm2 V-1 s-1, which is 1.5 times greater than that assessed without the ionic gel gate. This improvement can be attributed to the electric double layer formed at the ionic gel/uniform crystal surface, which provides a close-to-ideal charge transport interface through dramatic trap-filling. Therefore, the present dual-gate transistor technique will be promising for investigating the intrinsic charge-transport capabilities of OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taehyun Won
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
| | - Shohei Kumagai
- Material Innovation Research Center (MIRC) and Department of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - Naotaka Kasuya
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
- Material Innovation Research Center (MIRC) and Department of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - Yu Yamashita
- Material Innovation Research Center (MIRC) and Department of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
- MANA, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 205-0044, Japan
| | - Shun Watanabe
- Material Innovation Research Center (MIRC) and Department of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Okamoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
- Material Innovation Research Center (MIRC) and Department of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - Jun Takeya
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
- Material Innovation Research Center (MIRC) and Department of Advanced Materials Science, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
- MANA, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba 205-0044, Japan
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22
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Zhao X, Zhang H, Zhang J, Liu J, Lei M, Jiang L. Organic Semiconductor Single Crystal Arrays: Preparation and Applications. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2300483. [PMID: 36967565 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202300483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The study of organic semiconductor single crystal (OSSC) arrays has recently attracted considerable interest given their potential applications in flexible displays, smart wearable devices, biochemical sensors, etc. Patterning of OSSCs is the prerequisite for the realization of organic integrated circuits. Patterned OSSCs can not only decrease the crosstalk between adjacent organic field-effect transistors (OFETs), but also can be conveniently integrated with other device elements which facilitate circuits application. Tremendous efforts have been devoted in the controllable preparation of OSSC arrays, and great progress has been achieved. In this review, the general strategies for patterning OSSCs are summarized, along with the discussion of the advantages and limitations of different patterning methods. Given the identical thickness of monolayer molecular crystals (MMCs) which is beneficial to achieve super uniformity of OSSC arrays and devices, patterning of MMCs is also emphasized. Then, OFET performance is summarized with comparison of the mobility and coefficient of variation based on the OSSC arrays prepared by different methods. Furthermore, advances of OSSC array-based circuits and flexible devices of different functions are highlighted. Finally, the challenges that need to be tackled in the future are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications & School of Integrated Circuits, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876, China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Hantang Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Material Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science of Shanxi Normal University & Key Laboratory of Magnetic Molecules and Magnetic Information Materials of Ministry of Education, Taiyuan, 031000, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Ming Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications & School of Integrated Circuits, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876, China
| | - Lang Jiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
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23
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Ambrosio F, Wiktor J, Landi A, Peluso A. Charge Localization in Acene Crystals from Ab Initio Electronic Structure. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:3343-3351. [PMID: 36994951 PMCID: PMC10084468 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c00191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The performance of Koopmans-compliant hybrid functionals in reproducing the electronic structure of organic crystals is tested for a series of acene crystals. The calculated band gaps are found to be consistent with those achieved with the GW method at a fraction of the computational cost and in excellent accord with the experimental results at room temperature, when including the thermal renormalization. The energetics of excess holes and electrons reveals a struggle between polaronic localization and band-like delocalization. The consequences of these results on the transport properties of acene crystals are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Ambrosio
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Biologia Adolfo Zambelli, Università
di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, I-84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
- Dipartimento
di Scienze, Università degli Studi
della Basilicata, Viale
dell’Ateneo Lucano, 10-85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Julia Wiktor
- Department
of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Alessandro Landi
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Biologia Adolfo Zambelli, Università
di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, I-84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
| | - Andrea Peluso
- Dipartimento
di Chimica e Biologia Adolfo Zambelli, Università
di Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, I-84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy
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24
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Hill IM, Wu D, Xu B, Wang Y. Oligoaniline-assisted self-assembly of polyaniline crystals. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023; 10:1282-1291. [PMID: 36723132 DOI: 10.1039/d2mh01344d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The conductivity and charge transport mobility of conjugated polymers (CPs) are largely correlated with their degree of crystallinity, rendering the crystallization of CPs an important endeavour. However, such tasks can be challenging, especially in the absence of sidechain functionalization. In this study, we demonstrate that the incorporation of a small amount of oligomers, specifically tetraaniline, can induce crystallization of the parent polymer, polyaniline, through a single-step self-assembly process. The resulting crystals are compositionally homogeneous because the oligomers and their parent polymer share the same repeating unit and are both electroactive. Mechanistic studies reveal that the tetraaniline forms a crystalline seed that subsequently guides the assembly of polyaniline due to their structural similarities. Applying this oligomer-assisted crystallization approach to polyaniline with defined molecular weights resulted in single crystalline nanowires for 5000 Da polyaniline, and nanowires with strong preferential chain orientation for those with molecular weights between 10 000 and 100 000 Da. Absorption studies reveal that the polymer chains are in an expanded conformation, which likely contributed to the high degree of packing order. Two-probe, single nanowire measurements show that the crystals have conductivity as high as 19.5 S cm-1. This method is simple, general, and can potentially be applied to other CPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian M Hill
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Merced, USA.
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Merced, USA.
| | - Bohao Xu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Merced, USA.
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Merced, USA.
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Merced, USA
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25
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Lee Y, Kwon H, Kim SM, Lee HI, Kim K, Lee HW, Kim SY, Hwang HJ, Lee BH. Demonstration of p-type stack-channel ternary logic device using scalable DNTT patterning process. NANO CONVERGENCE 2023; 10:12. [PMID: 36894801 PMCID: PMC9998751 DOI: 10.1186/s40580-023-00362-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A p-type ternary logic device with a stack-channel structure is demonstrated using an organic p-type semiconductor, dinaphtho[2,3-b:2',3'-f]thieno[3,2-b]thiophene (DNTT). A photolithography-based patterning process is developed to fabricate scaled electronic devices with complex organic semiconductor channel structures. Two layers of thin DNTT with a separation layer are fabricated via the low-temperature deposition process, and for the first time, p-type ternary logic switching characteristics exhibiting zero differential conductance in the intermediate current state are demonstrated. The stability of the DNTT stack-channel ternary logic switch device is confirmed by implementing a resistive-load ternary logic inverter circuit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongsu Lee
- Center for Semiconductor Technology Convergence, Department of Electrical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Cheongam-Ro 77, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Heejin Kwon
- Center for Semiconductor Technology Convergence, Department of Electrical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Cheongam-Ro 77, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Mo Kim
- Center for Semiconductor Technology Convergence, Department of Electrical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Cheongam-Ro 77, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-In Lee
- Center for Semiconductor Technology Convergence, Department of Electrical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Cheongam-Ro 77, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Kiyung Kim
- Center for Semiconductor Technology Convergence, Department of Electrical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Cheongam-Ro 77, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Won Lee
- Center for Semiconductor Technology Convergence, Department of Electrical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Cheongam-Ro 77, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Young Kim
- Center for Semiconductor Technology Convergence, Department of Electrical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Cheongam-Ro 77, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon Jun Hwang
- Center for Semiconductor Technology Convergence, Department of Electrical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Cheongam-Ro 77, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea.
| | - Byoung Hun Lee
- Center for Semiconductor Technology Convergence, Department of Electrical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Cheongam-Ro 77, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea.
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26
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Chen J, Zhang W, Wang L, Yu G. Recent Research Progress of Organic Small-Molecule Semiconductors with High Electron Mobilities. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2210772. [PMID: 36519670 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202210772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Organic electronics has made great progress in the past decades, which is inseparable from the innovative development of organic electronic devices and the diversity of organic semiconductor materials. It is worth mentioning that both of these great advances are inextricably linked to the development of organic high-performance semiconductor materials, especially the representative n-type organic small-molecule semiconductor materials with high electron mobilities. The n-type organic small molecules have the advantages of simple synthesis process, strong intermolecular stacking, tunable molecular structure, and easy to functionalize structures. Furthermore, the n-type semiconductor is a remarkable and important component for constructing complementary logic circuits and p-n heterojunction structures. Therefore, n-type organic semiconductors play an extremely important role in the field of organic electronic materials and are the basis for the industrialization of organic electronic functional devices. This review focuses on the modification strategies of organic small molecules with high electron mobility at molecular level, and discusses in detail the applications of n-type small-molecule semiconductor materials with high mobility in organic field-effect transistors, organic light-emitting transistors, organic photodetectors, and gas sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiadi Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Weifeng Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Liping Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Gui Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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27
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Gao C, Shukla A, Gao H, Miao Z, Zhang Y, Wang P, Luo G, Zeng Y, Wong WWH, Smith TA, Lo SC, Hu W, Namdas EB, Dong H. Harvesting Triplet Excitons in High Mobility Emissive Organic Semiconductor for Efficiency Enhancement of Light-Emitting Transistors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2208389. [PMID: 36639351 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202208389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Organic light-emitting transistors (OLETs), a kind of highly integrated and minimized optoelectronic device, demonstrate great potential applications in various fields. The construction of high-performance OLETs requires the integration of high charge carrier mobility, strong emission, and high triplet exciton utilization efficiency in the active layer. However, it remains a significant long-term challenge, especially for single component active layer OLETs. Herein, the successful harvesting of triplet excitons in a high mobility emissive molecule, 2,6-diphenylanthracene (DPA), through the triplet-triplet annihilation process is demonstrated. By incorporating a highly emissive guest into the DPA host system, an obvious increase in photoluminescence efficiency along with exciton utilization efficiency results in an obvious enhancement of external quantum efficiency of 7.2 times for OLETs compared to the non-doped devices. Moreover, well-tunable multi-color electroluminescence, especially white emission with Commission Internationale del'Eclairage of (0.31, 0.35), from OLETs is also achieved by modulating the doping concentration with a controlled energy transfer process. This work opens a new avenue for integrating strong emission and efficient exciton utilization in high-mobility organic semiconductors for high-performance OLETs and advancing their related functional device applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Atul Shukla
- Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics, School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Haikuo Gao
- Shandong Engineering Research Center of Aeronautical Materials and Devices, College of Aeronautical Engineering, Binzhou University, Binzhou, 251900, China
| | - Zhagen Miao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yihan Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Pu Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Guiwen Luo
- School of Chemical Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yi Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Photochemical Conversion and Optoelectronic Materials, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Wallace W H Wong
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Chemistry, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Trevor A Smith
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Exciton Science, School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Shih-Chun Lo
- Centre for Organic Photonics and Electronics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Wenping Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Ebinazar B Namdas
- Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics, School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Huanli Dong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
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28
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Wang Y, Dong H. Long-range ordered C 60-based polymer crystals for high-performance conducting materials. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2023; 68:562-564. [PMID: 36872205 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2023.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongshuai Wang
- National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; Department of Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Huanli Dong
- National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; Department of Chemistry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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29
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Zhang Y, Wang Y, Gao C, Ni Z, Zhang X, Hu W, Dong H. Recent advances in n-type and ambipolar organic semiconductors and their multi-functional applications. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:1331-1381. [PMID: 36723084 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00720g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Organic semiconductors have received broad attention and research interest due to their unique integration of semiconducting properties with structural tunability, intrinsic flexibiltiy and low cost. In order to meet the requirements of organic electronic devices and their integrated circuits, p-type, n-type and ambipolar organic semiconductors are all necessary. However, due to the limitation in both material synthesis and device fabrication, the development of n-type and ambipolar materials is quite behind that of p-type materials. Recent development in synthetic methods of organic semiconductors greatly enriches the range of n-type and ambipolar materials. Moreover, the newly developed materials with multiple functions also put forward multi-functional device applications, including some emerging research areas. In this review, we give a timely summary on these impressive advances in n-type and ambipolar organic semiconductors with a special focus on their synthesis methods and advanced materials with enhanced properties of charge carrier mobility, integration of high mobility and strong emission and thermoelectric properties. Finally, multi-functional device applications are further demonstrated as an example of these developed n-type and ambipolar materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihan Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. .,School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yongshuai Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. .,School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Can Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
| | - Zhenjie Ni
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaotao Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Wenping Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China.,Department of Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.,Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, Fuzhou International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou 350207, China
| | - Huanli Dong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China. .,School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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30
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Zhu Y, Jiang Q, Zhang J, Ma Y. Recent Progress of Organic Semiconductor Materials in Spintronics. Chem Asian J 2023; 18:e202201125. [PMID: 36510771 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202201125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Spintronics, a new discipline focusing on the spin-dependent transport process of electrons, has been developing rapidly. Spin valves are the most significant carriers of spintronics utilizing the spin freedom of electrons. It is expected to pierce "Moore's Law" and become the core component in processors of the next generation. Organic semiconductors advance in their adjustable band gap, weak spin-orbit coupling and hyperfine interaction, excellent film-forming property, having enormous promise for spin valves. Here, the principle of spin valves is introduced, and the history and progress in organic spin injection and transport materials are summarized. Then we analyze the influence of spinterface on device performance and introduce reliable methods of constructing organic spin valves. Finally, the challenges for spin valves are discussed, and the future is proposed. We aim to draw the attention of researchers to organic spin valves and promote further research in spintronics through this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanuo Zhu
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Qinglin Jiang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Jiang Zhang
- Department of Physics, South China University of Technology 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Yuguang Ma
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510640, P. R. China
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31
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Yue Y, Shu Y, Ye K, Sun J, Liu C, Dai S, Jin L, Ding C, Lu R. Molecular Twisting Affects the Solid-State Photochemical Reactions of Unsaturated Ketones and the Photomechanical Effects of Molecular Crystals. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203178. [PMID: 36344439 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Three groups of chalcone derivatives and their analogues involving halogen atoms (X=F, Cl, Br) have been synthesized. Firstly, the nearly planar acyclic chalcone derivatives were inclined to undergo photo-induced stereospecific [2+2] cycloaddition, which triggered the crystals to exhibit macroscopic motions of bending or cracking. In particular, the single-crystal-to-single-crystal transformation happened upon UV irradiation of the crystals, which was helpful for the understanding photomechanical effects. Cyclic 3,4-dihydronaphthalene-based chalcone analogues possess a more twisted conformation, and they tend to undergo trans-cis isomerization. No photomechanical effect was observed for the crystals of the cyclic chalcone analogues due to the lower isomerization rate. The twist degree of chroman-based molecules was in between of the first two, [2+2] cycloaddition and trans-cis isomerization simultaneously took place in crystals. Photo-induced bending and twisting were observed for the crystals of chroman-based chalcone analogues. Therefore, the differences in molecular dihedral angles in α,β-unsaturated ketones were responsible for their photochemical characters and in turn to tune the photomechanical effects. In this work, a bridge between the molecular structures and solid-state photochemical reactions triggered photomechanical crystals is built.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, P. R. China
| | - Yuanhong Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, P. R. China
| | - Kaiqi Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, P. R. China
| | - Jingbo Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, P. R. China
| | - Shuting Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, P. R. China
| | - Liuyang Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, P. R. China
| | - Chengde Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, P. R. China
| | - Ran Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, P. R. China
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32
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Lin HT, Ma YX, Chen S, Wang XD. Hierarchical Integration of Organic Core/Shell Microwires for Advanced Photonics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202214214. [PMID: 36351872 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202214214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The combination of multiple components or structures into integrated micro/nanostructures for practical application has been pursued for many years. Herein, a series of hierarchical organic microwires with branch, core/shell (C/S), and branch C/S structures are successfully constructed based on organic charge transfer (CT) cocrystals with structural similarity and physicochemical tunability. By regulating the intermolecular CT interaction, single microwires and branch microstructures can be integrated into the C/S and branch C/S structures, respectively. Significantly, the integrated branch C/S microwires, with multicolor waveguide behavior and branch structure multichannel waveguide output characteristics, can function as an optical logic gate with multiple encoding features. This work provides useful insights for creating completely new types of organic microstructures for integrated optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Tao Lin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong 255000, P. R. China
| | - Ying-Xin Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong 255000, P. R. China
| | - Song Chen
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Xue-Dong Wang
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
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33
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Zhang Q, Li E, Wang Y, Gao C, Wang C, Li L, Geng D, Chen H, Chen W, Hu W. Ultralow-Power Vertical Transistors for Multilevel Decoding Modes. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2208600. [PMID: 36341511 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202208600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Organic field-effect transistors with parallel transmission and learning functions are of interest in the development of brain-inspired neuromorphic computing. However, the poor performance and high power consumption are the two main issues limiting their practical applications. Herein, an ultralow-power vertical transistor is demonstrated based on transition-metal carbides/nitrides (MXene) and organic single crystal. The transistor exhibits a high JON of 16.6 mA cm-2 and a high JON /JOFF ratio of 9.12 × 105 under an ultralow working voltage of -1 mV. Furthermore, it can successfully simulate the functions of biological synapse under electrical modulation along with consuming only 8.7 aJ of power per spike. It also permits multilevel information decoding modes with a significant gap between the readable time of professionals and nonprofessionals, producing a high signal-to-noise ratio up to 114.15 dB. This work encourages the use of vertical transistors and organic single crystal in decoding information and advances the development of low-power neuromorphic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhang
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Fuzhou, 350207, China
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Enlong Li
- National and Local United Engineering Lab of Flat Panel Display Technology, Institute of Optoelectronic Display, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, 350100, China
| | - Yongshuai Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Changsong Gao
- National and Local United Engineering Lab of Flat Panel Display Technology, Institute of Optoelectronic Display, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, 350100, China
| | - Congyong Wang
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Fuzhou, 350207, China
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Lin Li
- Institute of Molecular Plus, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Dechao Geng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Huipeng Chen
- National and Local United Engineering Lab of Flat Panel Display Technology, Institute of Optoelectronic Display, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, 350100, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Fuzhou, 350207, China
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Wenping Hu
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Fuzhou, 350207, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
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34
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Yu SH, Hassan SZ, So C, Kang M, Chung DS. Molecular-Switch-Embedded Solution-Processed Semiconductors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2203401. [PMID: 35929102 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202203401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Recent improvements in the performance of solution-processed semiconductor materials and optoelectronic devices have shifted research interest to the diversification/advancement of their functionality. Embedding a molecular switch capable of transition between two or more metastable isomers by light stimuli is one of the most straightforward and widely accepted methods to potentially realize the multifunctionality of optoelectronic devices. A molecular switch embedded in a semiconductor can effectively control various parameters such as trap-level, dielectric constant, electrical resistance, charge mobility, and charge polarity, which can be utilized in photoprogrammable devices including transistors, memory, and diodes. This review classifies the mechanism of each optoelectronic transition driven by molecular switches regardless of the type of semiconductor material or molecular switch or device. In addition, the basic characteristics of molecular switches and the persisting technical/scientific issues corresponding to each mechanism are discussed to help researchers. Finally, interesting yet infrequently reported applications of molecular switches and their mechanisms are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Hoon Yu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science & Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Syed Zahid Hassan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science & Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan So
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science & Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Mingyun Kang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science & Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Sung Chung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science & Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
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35
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Gan Y, Qin S, Du Q, Zhang Y, Zhao J, Li M, Wang A, Liu Y, Li S, Dong R, Zhang L, Chen X, Liu C, Wang W, Wang F. Ultrafast and Sensitive Self-Powered Photodetector Based on Graphene/Pentacene Single Crystal Heterostructure with Weak Light Detection Capacity. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2204332. [PMID: 36285815 PMCID: PMC9762291 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202204332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Organic materials exhibit efficient light absorption and low-temperature, large-scale processability, and have stimulated enormous research efforts for next-generation optoelectronics. While, high-performance organic devices with fast speed and high responsivity still face intractable challenges, due to their intrinsic limitations including finite carrier mobility and high exciton binding energy. Here an ultrafast and highly sensitive broadband phototransistor is demonstrated by integrating high-quality pentacene single crystal with monolayer graphene. Encouragingly, the -3 dB bandwidth can reach up to 26 kHz, which is a record-speed for such sensitized organic phototransistors. Enormous absorption, long exciton diffusion length of pentacene crystal, and efficient interfacial charge transfer enable a high responsivity of >105 A W-1 and specific detectivity of >1011 Jones. Moreover, self-powered weak-light detection is realized using a simple asymmetric configuration, and the obvious zero-bias photoresponses can be displayed even under 750 nW cm-2 light intensity. Excellent response speed and photoresponsivity enable high-speed image sensor capability in UV-Vis ranges. The results offer a practical strategy for constructing high-performance self-powered organic hybrid photodetectors, with strong applicability in wireless, weak-light detection, and video-frame-rate imaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuquan Gan
- Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Science and Technology of Shandong ProvinceSchool of Physical Science and Information EngineeringLiaocheng UniversityLiaocheng252059China
| | - Shuchao Qin
- Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Science and Technology of Shandong ProvinceSchool of Physical Science and Information EngineeringLiaocheng UniversityLiaocheng252059China
| | - Qianqian Du
- Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Science and Technology of Shandong ProvinceSchool of Physical Science and Information EngineeringLiaocheng UniversityLiaocheng252059China
| | - Yuting Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Science and Technology of Shandong ProvinceSchool of Physical Science and Information EngineeringLiaocheng UniversityLiaocheng252059China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Science and Technology of Shandong ProvinceSchool of Physical Science and Information EngineeringLiaocheng UniversityLiaocheng252059China
| | - Mengru Li
- Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Science and Technology of Shandong ProvinceSchool of Physical Science and Information EngineeringLiaocheng UniversityLiaocheng252059China
| | - Anran Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Photonic and Electronic MaterialsSchool of Electronic Science and EngineeringNanjing UniversityNanjing210093China
| | - Yunlong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Science and Technology of Shandong ProvinceSchool of Physical Science and Information EngineeringLiaocheng UniversityLiaocheng252059China
| | - Shuhong Li
- Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Science and Technology of Shandong ProvinceSchool of Physical Science and Information EngineeringLiaocheng UniversityLiaocheng252059China
| | - Ruixin Dong
- Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Science and Technology of Shandong ProvinceSchool of Physical Science and Information EngineeringLiaocheng UniversityLiaocheng252059China
| | - Linglong Zhang
- College of PhysicsNanjing University of Aeronautics and AstronauticsKey Laboratory of Aerospace Information Materials and Physics (NUAA)MIITNanjing211106China
| | - Xiaoqing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Light Field Manipulation and Information AcquisitionMinistry of Industry and Information Technologyand Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Optical Information TechnologySchool of Physical Science and TechnologyNorthwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'an710129China
| | - Cailong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Science and Technology of Shandong ProvinceSchool of Physical Science and Information EngineeringLiaocheng UniversityLiaocheng252059China
| | - Wenjun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optical Communication Science and Technology of Shandong ProvinceSchool of Physical Science and Information EngineeringLiaocheng UniversityLiaocheng252059China
| | - Fengqiu Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Photonic and Electronic MaterialsSchool of Electronic Science and EngineeringNanjing UniversityNanjing210093China
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36
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Cocrystal engineering: towards high-performance near-infrared organic phototransistors based on donor-acceptor charge transfer cocrystals. Sci China Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-022-1450-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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37
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Watanabe N, He W, Nozaki N, Matsumoto H, Michinobu T. Benzothiadiazole versus Thiazolobenzotriazole: A Structural Study of Electron Acceptors in Solution-Processable Organic Semiconductors. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200768. [PMID: 36102294 PMCID: PMC9828094 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Despite the rapid progress of organic electronics, developing high-performance n-type organic semiconductors is still challenging. Donor-acceptor (D-A) type conjugated structures have been an effective molecular design strategy to achieve chemically-stable semiconductors and the appropriate choice of the acceptor units determines the electronic properties and device performances. We have now synthesized two types of A1 -D-A2 -D-A1 type conjugated molecules, namely, NDI-BTT-NDI and NDI-TBZT-NDI, with different central acceptor units. In order to investigate the effects of the central acceptor units on the charge-transporting properties, organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) were fabricated. NDI-TBZT-NDI had shallower HOMO and deeper LUMO levels than NDI-BTT-NDI. Hence, the facilitated charge injection resulted in ambipolar transistor performances with the optimized hole and electron mobilities of 0.00134 and 0.151 cm2 V-1 s-1 , respectively. In contrast, NDI-BTT-NDI displayed only an n-channel OFET performance with the electron mobility of 0.0288 cm2 V-1 s-1 . In addition, the device based on NDI-TBZT-NDI showed a superior air stability to that based on NDI-BTT-NDI. The difference in these OFET performances was reasonably explained by the contact resistance and film morphology. Overall, this study demonstrated that the TBZ acceptor is a promising building block to create n-type organic semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanami Watanabe
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringTokyo Institute of Technology2–12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-kuTokyo152–8552Japan
| | - Waner He
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringTokyo Institute of Technology2–12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-kuTokyo152–8552Japan
| | - Naoya Nozaki
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringTokyo Institute of Technology2–12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-kuTokyo152–8552Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Matsumoto
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringTokyo Institute of Technology2–12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-kuTokyo152–8552Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Michinobu
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringTokyo Institute of Technology2–12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-kuTokyo152–8552Japan
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38
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Solvated C70 single crystals for organic field effect transistors. Chem Phys Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2022.140094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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39
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Polymeric Emissive Materials Based on Dynamic Covalent Bonds. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196635. [PMID: 36235170 PMCID: PMC9570607 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamic covalent polymers, composed of dynamic covalent bonds (DCBs), have received increasing attention in the last decade due to their adaptive and reversible nature compared with common covalent linked polymers. Incorporating the DCBs into the polymeric material endows it with advanced performance including self-healing, shape memory property, and so forth. However, the emissive ability of such dynamic covalent polymeric materials has been rarely reviewed. Herein, this review has summarized DCBs-based emissive polymeric materials which are classified according to the different types of DCBs, including imine bond, acylhydrazone bond, boronic ester bond, dynamic C-C bond, as well as the reversible bonds based on Diels–Alder reaction and transesterification. The mechanism of chemical reactions and various stimuli-responsive behaviors of DCBs are introduced, followed by typical emissive polymers resulting from these DCBs. By taking advantage of the reversible nature of DCBs under chemical/physical stimuli, the constructed emissive polymeric materials show controllable and switchable emission. Finally, challenges and future trends in this field are briefly discussed in this review.
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40
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Sun W, Guo J, Fan Z, Yuan L, Ye K, Dou C, Wang Y. Ribbon‐Type Boron‐Doped Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Conformations, Dynamic Complexation and Electronic Properties. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202209271. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202209271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Jiaxiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Zengming Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Liuzhong Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Kaiqi Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Chuandong Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun 130012 P. R. China
| | - Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun 130012 P. R. China
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41
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Ji W, Xue B, Yin Y, Guerin S, Wang Y, Zhang L, Cheng Y, Shimon LJW, Chen Y, Thompson D, Yang R, Cao Y, Wang W, Cai K, Gazit E. Modulating the Electromechanical Response of Bio-Inspired Amino Acid-Based Architectures through Supramolecular Co-Assembly. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:18375-18386. [PMID: 36164777 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c06321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Supramolecular packing dictates the physical properties of bio-inspired molecular assemblies in the solid state. Yet, modulating the stacking modes of bio-inspired supramolecular assemblies remains a challenge and the structure-property relationship is still not fully understood, which hampers the rational design of molecular structures to fabricate materials with desired properties. Herein, we present a co-assembly strategy to modulate the supramolecular packing of N-terminally capped alanine-based assemblies (Ac-Ala) by changing the amino acid chirality and mixing with a nonchiral bipyridine derivative (BPA). The co-assembly induced distinct solid-state stacking modes determined by X-ray crystallography, resulting in significantly enhanced electromechanical properties of the assembly architectures. The highest rigidity was observed after the co-assembly of racemic Ac-Ala with a bipyridine coformer (BPA/Ac-DL-Ala), which exhibited a measured Young's modulus of 38.8 GPa. Notably, BPA crystallizes in a centrosymmetric space group, a condition that is broken when co-crystallized with Ac-L-Ala and Ac-D-Ala to induce a piezoelectric response. Enantiopure co-assemblies of BPA/Ac-D-Ala and BPA/Ac-L-Ala showed density functional theory-predicted piezoelectric responses that are remarkably higher than the other assemblies due to the increased polarization of their supramolecular packing. This is the first report of a centrosymmetric-crystallizing coformer which increases the single-crystal piezoelectric response of an electrically active bio-inspired molecular assembly. The design rules that emerge from this investigation of chemically complex co-assemblies can facilitate the molecular design of high-performance functional materials comprised of bio-inspired building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ji
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China
| | - Bin Xue
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - Yuanyuan Yin
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401147, China
| | - Sarah Guerin
- Department of Physics, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - Yuehui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- CAEP Software Center for High Performance Numerical Simulation, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Yuanqi Cheng
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - Linda J W Shimon
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Yu Chen
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Damien Thompson
- Department of Physics, Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick V94 T9PX, Ireland
| | - Rusen Yang
- School of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Xidian University, Xi'an 710126, China
| | - Yi Cao
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - Wei Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructure, Department of Physics, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China
| | - Kaiyong Cai
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P. R. China
| | - Ehud Gazit
- The Shmunis School of Biomedicine and Cancer Research, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
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42
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Du Y, Yuan D, Awais MA, Yu L. New semi-ladder polymers for ambipolar organic light-emitting transistors. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:11347-11353. [PMID: 36134950 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc04087e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Organic light-emitting transistors (OLETs) combine the light-emitting and gate-modulated electrical switching functions in a single device. Over the past two decades, progress has been made in developing new fluorescent semiconductors and device engineering to improve the properties of OLETs. In this paper, we give a brief review of the achievement and disadvantages of the present polymer-based OLETs, while highlighting the recent developments in semi-ladder polymers from our lab for new electroluminescent materials. The special folded molecular structures and unique aggregation states make these polymers suitable for exploration as OLET materials. A short conclusion is provided with a discussion on the challenges and future perspectives in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yachu Du
- Department of Chemistry and James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, 929 E 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.
| | - Dafei Yuan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, China
| | - Mohammad A Awais
- Department of Chemistry and James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, 929 E 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.
| | - Luping Yu
- Department of Chemistry and James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, 929 E 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.
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43
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Li J, Qin Z, Sun Y, Zhen Y, Liu J, Zou Y, Li C, Lu X, Jiang L, Zhang X, Ji D, Li L, Dong H, Hu W. Regulating Crystal Packing by Terminal
tert
‐Butylation for Enhanced Solid‐State Emission and Efficacious Charge Transport in an Anthracene‐Based Molecular Crystal. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202206825. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202206825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences Department of Chemistry Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Zhengsheng Qin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Key laboratory of Organic Solids Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Yajing Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences Department of Chemistry School of Science Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Yonggang Zhen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Key laboratory of Organic Solids Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Jie Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Key laboratory of Organic Solids Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Ye Zou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Key laboratory of Organic Solids Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Chunlei Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Key laboratory of Organic Solids Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Xueying Lu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences Department of Chemistry School of Science Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Lang Jiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Key laboratory of Organic Solids Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Xiaotao Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences Department of Chemistry Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Deyang Ji
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences Department of Chemistry Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
| | - Liqiang Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences Department of Chemistry Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University International Campus of Tianjin University Binhai New City 350207 China
| | - Huanli Dong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences Key laboratory of Organic Solids Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Wenping Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences Department of Chemistry School of Science Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University International Campus of Tianjin University Binhai New City 350207 China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations Tianjin 300192 China
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44
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Observation of strong electron-phonon interaction in polymeric diluted organic semiconductor. Chem Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2022.111706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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45
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Tian S, Tan J, Kang T, Cao C, Pan J, Xiao Y, Cui X, Li S, Lee CS. Harnessing Polymer-Matrix-Mediated Manipulation of Intermolecular Charge-Transfer for Near-Infrared Security Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2204749. [PMID: 35862231 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202204749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Precise recognition of near-infrared (NIR) signals holds great prospects in optical communication, remote sensing, information security, and anti-counterfeiting. For these applications, filters with good NIR transparency are typically essential components. Currently, such NIR transparent filters are dominated by inorganic materials such as chalcogenide glasses. There are, so far, only a handful of organic molecules with suitable optical properties due to the rarity of organic materials with good NIR transparency and relatively flat absorption over the UV-visible region. Here, it is found that the library of NIR-transparent organic materials can be expanded by forming a charge-transfer complex (CTC) between a donor (D) and an acceptor (A) molecule that are commercially available. Via regulating the DA interaction, the CTC filter shows tunable absorption from the visible to NIR region with a relatively high penetration of NIR radiation (≈80%). The CTC filter can successfully highlight NIR information hidden in a complex environment and allow reading of NIR security images for advanced anti-counterfeiting. Moreover, the CTC filter can be used for viewing protected NIR information with good resolution, and thus provide a convenient tool for different security applications using NIR-encoded information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Tian
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF) and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 000000, P. R. China
| | - Jihua Tan
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF) and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 000000, P. R. China
| | - Tianxing Kang
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF) and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 000000, P. R. China
| | - Chen Cao
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF) and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 000000, P. R. China
| | - Jie Pan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 000000, P. R. China
| | - Yafang Xiao
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF) and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 000000, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Cui
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF) and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 000000, P. R. China
| | - Shengliang Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Chun-Sing Lee
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF) and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 000000, P. R. China
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46
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Hu W, Li J, Qin Z, Sun Y, Zhen Y, Liu J, Zou Y, Li C, Lu X, Jiang L, Zhang X, Ji D, Li L, Dong H. Regulating Crystal Packing by Terminal Tert‐butylation toward Enhanced Solid‐State Emission and Efficacious Charge Transport in an Anthracene‐based Molecular Crystal. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202206825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenping Hu
- Tianjin University School of Science Weijin Road 92#Key Lab. of Molecular Optoelectronic ScienceThe 3rd Teaching Building, Weijin Campus, Weijin RoadNankai District 300072 Tianjin CHINA
| | - Jie Li
- Tianjin University Chemistry CHINA
| | - Zhengsheng Qin
- Institute of Chemistry CAS: Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Chemistry CHINA
| | | | - Yonggang Zhen
- Institute of Chemistry CAS: Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Chemistry CHINA
| | - Jie Liu
- Institute of Chemistry CAS: Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Chemistry CHINA
| | - Ye Zou
- Institute of Chemistry CAS: Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Chemistry CHINA
| | - Chunlei Li
- Institute of Chemistry CAS: Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Chemistry CHINA
| | | | - Lang Jiang
- Institute of Chemistry CAS: Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Chemistry CHINA
| | | | | | | | - Huanli Dong
- Institute of Chemistry CAS: Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Chemistry CHINA
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47
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Yang J, Guo L, Yong X, Zhang T, Wang B, Song H, Zhao YS, Hou H, Yang B, Ding J, Lu S. Simulating the Structure of Carbon Dots via Crystalline π‐Aggregated Organic Nanodots Prepared by Kinetically Trapped Self‐Assembly. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202207817. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202207817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianye Yang
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450000 China
| | - Like Guo
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450000 China
| | - Xue Yong
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450000 China
| | - Tongjin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Boyang Wang
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450000 China
| | - Haoqiang Song
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450000 China
| | - Yong Sheng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China
| | - Hongwei Hou
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450000 China
| | - Bai Yang
- State Key Lab of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry Jilin University Changchun 130012 China
| | - Jie Ding
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450000 China
| | - Siyu Lu
- Green Catalysis Center, and College of Chemistry Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou 450000 China
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48
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Sun W, Guo J, Fan Z, Yuan L, Ye K, Dou C, Wang Y. Ribbon‐Type Boron‐Doped Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Conformations, Dynamic Complexation and Electronic Properties. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202209271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Kaiqi Ye
- Jilin University College of Chemistry CHINA
| | - Chuandong Dou
- Jilin University State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials No.2699 Qianjin Street 130012 Changchun CHINA
| | - Yue Wang
- Jilin University College of Chemistry CHINA
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49
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Walter LS, Axt A, Borchert JW, Kammerbauer T, Winterer F, Lenz J, Weber SAL, Weitz RT. Revealing and Controlling Energy Barriers and Valleys at Grain Boundaries in Ultrathin Organic Films. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2200605. [PMID: 35905481 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202200605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In organic electronics, local crystalline order is of critical importance for the charge transport. Grain boundaries between molecularly ordered domains are generally known to hamper or completely suppress charge transfer and detailed knowledge of the local electronic nature is critical for future minimization of such malicious defects. However, grain boundaries are typically hidden within the bulk film and consequently escape observation or investigation. Here, a minimal model system in form of monolayer-thin films with sub-nm roughness of a prototypical n-type organic semiconductor is presented. Since these films consist of large crystalline areas, the detailed energy landscape at single grain boundaries can be studied using Kelvin probe force microscopy. By controlling the charge-carrier density in the films electrostatically, the impact of the grain boundaries on charge transport in organic devices is modeled. First, two distinct types of grain boundaries are identified, namely energetic barriers and valleys, which can coexist within the same thin film. Their absolute height is found to be especially pronounced at charge-carrier densities below 1012 cm- 2 -the regime at which organic solar cells and light emitting diodes typically operate. Finally, processing conditions by which the type or energetic height of grain boundaries can be controlled are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa S Walter
- Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80539, Munich, Germany
- I. Institute of Physics, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Amelie Axt
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - James W Borchert
- I. Institute of Physics, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Theresa Kammerbauer
- Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80539, Munich, Germany
| | - Felix Winterer
- Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80539, Munich, Germany
| | - Jakob Lenz
- Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80539, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan A L Weber
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128, Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55122, Mainz, Germany
| | - R Thomas Weitz
- Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80539, Munich, Germany
- I. Institute of Physics, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
- Center for Nanoscience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80539, Munich, Germany
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50
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Kim DH, Lee CM, Islam A, Choi DH, Jeong GW, Kim TW, Cho HW, Kim YB, Shah SHU, Park MJ, Kim CH, Lee HJ, Lee JW, Bang S, Bae TS, Park JB, Yu SM, Kang YC, Park J, Park M, Jeong Y, Lee SG, Jin JS, Kim KH, Sujak M, Moon SS, Park S, Song MK, Kim CS, Ryu SY. Efficient Photon Extraction in Top-Emission Organic Light-Emitting Devices Based on Ampicillin Microstructures. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2202866. [PMID: 35700272 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202202866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The desire to enhance the efficiency of organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) has driven to the investigation of advanced materials with fascinating properties. In this work, the efficiency of top-emission OLEDs (TEOLEDs) is enhanced by introducing ampicillin microstructures (Amp-MSs) with dual phases (α-/β-phase) that induce photoluminescence (PL) and electroluminescence (EL). Moreover, Amp-MSs can adjust the charge balance by Fermi level (EF ) alignment, thereby decreasing the leakage current. The decrease in the wave-guided modes can enhance the light outcoupling through optical scattering. The resulting TEOLED demonstrates a record-high external quantum efficiency (EQE) (maximum: 68.7% and average: 63.4% at spectroradiometer; maximum: 44.8% and average: 42.6% at integrating sphere) with a wider color gamut (118%) owing to the redshift of the spectrum by J-aggregation. Deconvolution of the EL intensities is performed to clarify the contribution of Amp-MSs to the device EQE enhancement (optical scattering by Amp-MSs: 17.0%, PL by radiative energy transfer: 9.1%, and EL by J-aggregated excitons: 4.6%). The proposed TEOLED outperforms the existing frameworks in terms of device efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hyun Kim
- Division of Display and Semiconductor Physics, Display Convergence, College of Science and Technology, Korea University Sejong Campus, 2511 Sejong-ro, Sejong City, 30019, Republic of Korea
- Department of Applied Physics, Korea University Sejong Campus, 2511 Sejong-ro, Sejong City, 30019, Republic of Korea
- E-ICT-Culture-Sports Convergence Track, Korea University Sejong Campus, 2511 Sejong-ro, Sejong City, 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Min Lee
- Division of Display and Semiconductor Physics, Display Convergence, College of Science and Technology, Korea University Sejong Campus, 2511 Sejong-ro, Sejong City, 30019, Republic of Korea
- Department of Applied Physics, Korea University Sejong Campus, 2511 Sejong-ro, Sejong City, 30019, Republic of Korea
- E-ICT-Culture-Sports Convergence Track, Korea University Sejong Campus, 2511 Sejong-ro, Sejong City, 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Amjad Islam
- Division of Display and Semiconductor Physics, Display Convergence, College of Science and Technology, Korea University Sejong Campus, 2511 Sejong-ro, Sejong City, 30019, Republic of Korea
- Department of Applied Physics, Korea University Sejong Campus, 2511 Sejong-ro, Sejong City, 30019, Republic of Korea
- E-ICT-Culture-Sports Convergence Track, Korea University Sejong Campus, 2511 Sejong-ro, Sejong City, 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Choi
- Division of Display and Semiconductor Physics, Display Convergence, College of Science and Technology, Korea University Sejong Campus, 2511 Sejong-ro, Sejong City, 30019, Republic of Korea
- Department of Applied Physics, Korea University Sejong Campus, 2511 Sejong-ro, Sejong City, 30019, Republic of Korea
- E-ICT-Culture-Sports Convergence Track, Korea University Sejong Campus, 2511 Sejong-ro, Sejong City, 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Geon-Woo Jeong
- Division of Display and Semiconductor Physics, Display Convergence, College of Science and Technology, Korea University Sejong Campus, 2511 Sejong-ro, Sejong City, 30019, Republic of Korea
- Department of Applied Physics, Korea University Sejong Campus, 2511 Sejong-ro, Sejong City, 30019, Republic of Korea
- E-ICT-Culture-Sports Convergence Track, Korea University Sejong Campus, 2511 Sejong-ro, Sejong City, 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Wook Kim
- Division of Display and Semiconductor Physics, Display Convergence, College of Science and Technology, Korea University Sejong Campus, 2511 Sejong-ro, Sejong City, 30019, Republic of Korea
- Department of Applied Physics, Korea University Sejong Campus, 2511 Sejong-ro, Sejong City, 30019, Republic of Korea
- E-ICT-Culture-Sports Convergence Track, Korea University Sejong Campus, 2511 Sejong-ro, Sejong City, 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Woo Cho
- Division of Display and Semiconductor Physics, Display Convergence, College of Science and Technology, Korea University Sejong Campus, 2511 Sejong-ro, Sejong City, 30019, Republic of Korea
- Department of Applied Physics, Korea University Sejong Campus, 2511 Sejong-ro, Sejong City, 30019, Republic of Korea
- E-ICT-Culture-Sports Convergence Track, Korea University Sejong Campus, 2511 Sejong-ro, Sejong City, 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong Beom Kim
- Division of Display and Semiconductor Physics, Display Convergence, College of Science and Technology, Korea University Sejong Campus, 2511 Sejong-ro, Sejong City, 30019, Republic of Korea
- Department of Applied Physics, Korea University Sejong Campus, 2511 Sejong-ro, Sejong City, 30019, Republic of Korea
- E-ICT-Culture-Sports Convergence Track, Korea University Sejong Campus, 2511 Sejong-ro, Sejong City, 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Syed Hamad Ullah Shah
- Division of Display and Semiconductor Physics, Display Convergence, College of Science and Technology, Korea University Sejong Campus, 2511 Sejong-ro, Sejong City, 30019, Republic of Korea
- Department of Applied Physics, Korea University Sejong Campus, 2511 Sejong-ro, Sejong City, 30019, Republic of Korea
- E-ICT-Culture-Sports Convergence Track, Korea University Sejong Campus, 2511 Sejong-ro, Sejong City, 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jae Park
- Division of Display and Semiconductor Physics, Display Convergence, College of Science and Technology, Korea University Sejong Campus, 2511 Sejong-ro, Sejong City, 30019, Republic of Korea
- Department of Applied Physics, Korea University Sejong Campus, 2511 Sejong-ro, Sejong City, 30019, Republic of Korea
- E-ICT-Culture-Sports Convergence Track, Korea University Sejong Campus, 2511 Sejong-ro, Sejong City, 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Hoon Kim
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, College of Science and Technology, Korea University Sejong Campus, 2511 Sejong-ro, Sejong City, 339-770, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jae Lee
- Department of Advanced Materials Chemistry, College of Science and Technology, Korea University Sejong Campus, 2511 Sejong-ro, Sejong City, 339-770, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Woo Lee
- Department of Electronics and Information Engineering, Korea University, Sejong, 30019, Korea
| | - Seain Bang
- Department of Electronics and Information Engineering, Korea University, Sejong, 30019, Korea
| | - Tae-Sung Bae
- Jeonju Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), 20, Geonji-ro, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do, 54907, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Bae Park
- Jeonju Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), 20, Geonji-ro, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do, 54907, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Min Yu
- Jeonju Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), 20, Geonji-ro, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do, 54907, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Cheol Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Pukyong National University, 45 Yongso-Ro, Nam-gu, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Juyun Park
- Department of Chemistry, Pukyong National University, 45 Yongso-Ro, Nam-gu, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeongkee Park
- Department of Chemistry, Pukyong National University, 45 Yongso-Ro, Nam-gu, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonsu Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, Pukyong National University, 45 Yongso-Ro, Nam-gu, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Geul Lee
- Daegu Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), 80, Daehakro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Sung Jin
- Busan Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Busan, 46742, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Ho Kim
- Department of Physics, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad Sujak
- Department of Physics, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Surk-Suik Moon
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Science, Kongju National University, Gongju, 32588, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghyuk Park
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Science, Kongju National University, Gongju, 32588, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Kwan Song
- Surface Technology Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS), Changwon, 51508, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Su Kim
- Surface Technology Division, Korea Institute of Materials Science (KIMS), Changwon, 51508, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Yoon Ryu
- Division of Display and Semiconductor Physics, Display Convergence, College of Science and Technology, Korea University Sejong Campus, 2511 Sejong-ro, Sejong City, 30019, Republic of Korea
- Department of Applied Physics, Korea University Sejong Campus, 2511 Sejong-ro, Sejong City, 30019, Republic of Korea
- E-ICT-Culture-Sports Convergence Track, Korea University Sejong Campus, 2511 Sejong-ro, Sejong City, 30019, Republic of Korea
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