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Hu Y, Bao Z, Li Z, Wei R, Yang G, Qing Y, Li X, Wu Y. Develop a novel and multifunctional soy protein adhesive constructed by rosin acid emulsion and TiO 2 organic-inorganic hybrid structure. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 277:134177. [PMID: 39067730 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Soy protein adhesives (SPI) exhibit broad prospects in substituting aldehyde-based resin due to the economic and environmental-friendly characteristics, but still face a challenge because of the dissatisfied bonding strength and terrible water resistance. Herein, prompted by organic-inorganic hierarchy, a multifunctional and novel soy protein adhesive (SPI-RAE-TiO2) consisting of rosin acid emulsion (RAE) and TiO2 nanoparticles (TiO2) were proposed. In comparison with original SPI, the dry and wet shear strengths of modified adhesive reached 2.01 and 1.21 MPa, respectively, which were increased by 130 % and 200 %. Furthermore, SPI-6RAE-0.5TiO2 was selected as the best proportion via the method of response surface methodology (RSM). What's more, SPI-6RAE-0.5TiO2 adhesive demonstrated prominent coating performance in both dry and wet surface conditions. Meanwhile, SPI-6RAE-0.5TiO2 adhesive possessed excellent mildew resistance and antibacterial ability with Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), reflecting the antibacterial rates 97.71 % and 98.16 %, respectively. In addition, SPI-6RAE-0.5TiO2 adhesive also exhibited the outstanding green features such as the reduction of formaldehyde pollution and greenhouse effect through Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). Thus, this work provided a novel and functional approach to design multifunctional, superior-property and low-carbon footprint soy protein adhesive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinchun Hu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry & Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Zhenyang Bao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry & Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Zhaoshuang Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry & Technology, Changsha 410004, China.
| | - Renzhong Wei
- Treezo New Material Science & Technology Group Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 311107, China
| | - Guoen Yang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry & Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Yan Qing
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry & Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Xingong Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry & Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Yiqiang Wu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry & Technology, Changsha 410004, China.
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2
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Zhao J, Xia N, Zhang L. A review of bioinspired dry adhesives: from achieving strong adhesion to realizing switchable adhesion. BIOINSPIRATION & BIOMIMETICS 2024; 19:051003. [PMID: 38996419 DOI: 10.1088/1748-3190/ad62cf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
In the early twenty-first century, extensive research has been conducted on geckos' ability to climb vertical walls with the advancement of microscopy technology. Unprecedented studies and developments have focused on the adhesion mechanism, structural design, preparation methods, and applications of bioinspired dry adhesives. Notably, strong adhesion that adheres to both the principles of contact splitting and stress uniform distribution has been discovered and proposed. The increasing popularity of flexible electronic skins, soft crawling robots, and smart assembly systems has made switchable adhesion properties essential for smart adhesives. These adhesives are designed to be programmable and switchable in response to external stimuli such as magnetic fields, thermal changes, electrical signals, light exposure as well as mechanical processes. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the development history of bioinspired dry adhesives from achieving strong adhesion to realizing switchable adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsheng Zhao
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin NT, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China 999077, People's Republic of China
| | - Neng Xia
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin NT, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China 999077, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin NT, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China 999077, People's Republic of China
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3
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Li M, Mao A, Guan Q, Saiz E. Nature-inspired adhesive systems. Chem Soc Rev 2024. [PMID: 38982929 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00764b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Many organisms in nature thrive in intricate habitats through their unique bio-adhesive surfaces, facilitating tasks such as capturing prey and reproduction. It's important to note that the remarkable adhesion properties found in these natural biological surfaces primarily arise from their distinct micro- and nanostructures and/or chemical compositions. To create artificial surfaces with superior adhesion capabilities, researchers delve deeper into the underlying mechanisms of these captivating adhesion phenomena to draw inspiration. This article provides a systematic overview of various biological surfaces with different adhesion mechanisms, focusing on surface micro- and nanostructures and/or chemistry, offering design principles for their artificial counterparts. Here, the basic interactions and adhesion models of natural biological surfaces are introduced first. This will be followed by an exploration of research advancements in natural and artificial adhesive surfaces including both dry adhesive surfaces and wet/underwater adhesive surfaces, along with relevant adhesion characterization techniques. Special attention is paid to stimulus-responsive smart artificial adhesive surfaces with tunable adhesive properties. The goal is to spotlight recent advancements, identify common themes, and explore fundamental distinctions to pinpoint the present challenges and prospects in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Li
- Centre of Advanced Structural Ceramics, Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
| | - Anran Mao
- Department of Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 56, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Qingwen Guan
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Eduardo Saiz
- Centre of Advanced Structural Ceramics, Department of Materials, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
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4
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Wei M, Zhou Q, Ma X, Gao B. Review of biomimetic ordered microstructures in advancing synergistic integration of adhesion and microfluidics. RSC Adv 2024; 14:11643-11658. [PMID: 38605897 PMCID: PMC11005026 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra07698a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Many ordered arrangements are observable in the natural world, serving not only as pleasing aesthetics but also as functional improvements. These structured arrangements streamline cohesion while also facilitating the spontaneous drainage of liquids in microfluidics, resulting in effective separation and signal enhancement. Nevertheless, there is a substantial challenge when handling microstructured chips with microfluidic detection and adhesion. The arrangement of the adhesive interface's microstructure affects the liquid flow in the microfluidic chip, impacting the detection's sensitivity and accuracy. Additionally, the liquid in the microfluidic chip corrodes the adhesive material and structure, reducing the adhesion strength due to the hydration layer between the material and the contact interface. Therefore, this review explores the application of ordered structures in the integration of adhesion and microfluidics. We discussed the standard preparation method, appropriate materials, and the application of ordered structures in biomimetic adhesion and microfluidics. Furthermore, the paper discusses the major challenges in this field and provides opinions on its future developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wei
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 China
| | - Qian Zhou
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 China
| | - Xiaoming Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Taizhou People's Hospital 366 Taihu Road Taizhou Jiangsu Province People's Republic of China
| | - Bingbing Gao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanjing Tech University Nanjing 211816 China
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5
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Dayan CB, Son D, Aghakhani A, Wu Y, Demir SO, Sitti M. Machine Learning-Based Shear Optimal Adhesive Microstructures with Experimental Validation. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2304437. [PMID: 37691013 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202304437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Bioinspired fibrillar structures are promising for a wide range of disruptive adhesive applications. Especially micro/nanofibrillar structures on gecko toes can have strong and controllable adhesion and shear on a wide range of surfaces with residual-free, repeatable, self-cleaning, and other unique features. Synthetic dry fibrillar adhesives inspired by such biological fibrils are optimized in different aspects to increase their performance. Previous fibril designs for shear optimization are limited by predefined standard shapes in a narrow range primarily based on human intuition, which restricts their maximum performance. This study combines the machine learning-based optimization and finite-element-method-based shear mechanics simulations to find shear-optimized fibril designs automatically. In addition, fabrication limitations are integrated into the simulations to have more experimentally relevant results. The computationally discovered shear-optimized structures are fabricated, experimentally validated, and compared with the simulations. The results show that the computed shear-optimized fibrils perform better than the predefined standard fibril designs. This design optimization method can be used in future real-world shear-based gripping or nonslip surface applications, such as robotic pick-and-place grippers, climbing robots, gloves, electronic devices, and medical and wearable devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cem Balda Dayan
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Donghoon Son
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Amirreza Aghakhani
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Yingdan Wu
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Sinan Ozgun Demir
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Metin Sitti
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich, 8092, Switzerland
- School of Medicine and College of Engineering, Koç University, Istanbul, 34450, Turkey
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Tan L, Chen Y, Fu W, Tian J, Wang Y, Li X, Zhou Y, Xia S, Liang M, Zou H. Bioinspired Microadhesives with Greatly Enhanced Reversible Adhesion Fabricated by Synthesized Silicone Elastomer with Increasing Phenyl Contents. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:13068-13075. [PMID: 37678181 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c01382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
We present a facile chemical method for fabricating bioinspired microadhesives with significant improved reversible adhesion strength. Four kinds of polysiloxane with gradient varying phenyl contents were synthesized and used to fabricate microadhesives. The chemical structures and mechanical properties, as well as surface properties of the four microadhesives, were confirmed and characterized by ATR-FTIR, DSC, XPS, low-field NMR, tensile tests, and SEM, respectively. The macroadhesion test results revealed that phenyl contents showed remarkable and positive impacts on the macroadhesion performance of microadhesives. The pull-off adhesion strength of microadhesives with 90% phenyl content (0.851 N/cm2) was nearly 300% higher than that of pure PDMS (0.309 N/cm2). The macroadhesion mechanism analysis demonstrates that a larger bulk energy dissipation caused by massive π-π interaction, as well as the hydrophobic interaction and van der Waals forces at the interface synergistically resulted in a significant enhancement of the adhesion performance. Our results demonstrate the remarkable impact of chemical structures on the adhesion of microadhesives, and it is conducive to the further improvement of adhesion properties of bioinspired microadhesives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Tan
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yukun Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Wenxin Fu
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on High-tech Polymer Materials, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jinfeng Tian
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yuan Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yilin Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Shuang Xia
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Mei Liang
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Huawei Zou
- The State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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7
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Zhang Z, He B, Han Q, He R, Ding Y, Han B, Ma ZC. Femtosecond Laser Direct Writing of Gecko-Inspired Switchable Adhesion Interfaces on a Flexible Substrate. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1742. [PMID: 37763905 PMCID: PMC10534918 DOI: 10.3390/mi14091742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Biomimetic switchable adhesion interfaces (BSAIs) with dynamic adhesion states have demonstrated significant advantages in micro-manipulation and bio-detection. Among them, gecko-inspired adhesives have garnered considerable attention due to their exceptional adaptability to extreme environments. However, their high adhesion strength poses challenges in achieving flexible control. Herein, we propose an elegant and efficient approach by fabricating three-dimensional mushroom-shaped polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) micropillars on a flexible PDMS substrate to mimic the bending and stretching of gecko footpads. The fabrication process that employs two-photon polymerization ensures high spatial resolution, resulting in micropillars with exquisite structures and ultra-smooth surfaces, even for tip/stem ratios exceeding 2 (a critical factor for maintaining adhesion strength). Furthermore, these adhesive structures display outstanding resilience, enduring 175% deformation and severe bending without collapse, ascribing to the excellent compatibility of the micropillar's composition and physical properties with the substrate. Our BSAIs can achieve highly controllable adhesion force and rapid manipulation of liquid droplets through mechanical bending and stretching of the PDMS substrate. By adjusting the spacing between the micropillars, precise control of adhesion strength is achieved. These intriguing properties make them promising candidates for various applications in the fields of microfluidics, micro-assembly, flexible electronics, and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiang Zhang
- Department of Automation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Bingze He
- Institute of Medical Robotics, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Qingqing Han
- Department of Automation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ruokun He
- Department of Automation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yuxuan Ding
- Institute of Medical Robotics, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Bing Han
- Institute of Medical Robotics, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhuo-Chen Ma
- Department of Automation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Institute of Medical Robotics, School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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8
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Liu H, Zhang Z, Wu C, Su K, Kan X. Biomimetic Superhydrophobic Materials through 3D Printing: Progress and Challenges. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1216. [PMID: 37374801 DOI: 10.3390/mi14061216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Superhydrophobicity, a unique natural phenomenon observed in organisms such as lotus leaves and desert beetles, has inspired extensive research on biomimetic materials. Two main superhydrophobic effects have been identified: the "lotus leaf effect" and the "rose petal effect", both showing water contact angles larger than 150°, but with differing contact angle hysteresis values. In recent years, numerous strategies have been developed to fabricate superhydrophobic materials, among which 3D printing has garnered significant attention due to its rapid, low-cost, and precise construction of complex materials in a facile way. In this minireview, we provide a comprehensive overview of biomimetic superhydrophobic materials fabricated through 3D printing, focusing on wetting regimes, fabrication techniques, including printing of diverse micro/nanostructures, post-modification, and bulk material printing, and applications ranging from liquid manipulation and oil/water separation to drag reduction. Additionally, we discuss the challenges and future research directions in this burgeoning field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haishuo Liu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shijiazhuang Tiedao University, Shijiazhuang 050043, China
| | - Zipeng Zhang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Chenyu Wu
- Qingdao Institute for Theoretical and Computational Sciences, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Kang Su
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shijiazhuang Tiedao University, Shijiazhuang 050043, China
| | - Xiaonan Kan
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
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9
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Lee YW, Kim JK, Bozuyuk U, Dogan NO, Khan MTA, Shiva A, Wild AM, Sitti M. Multifunctional 3D-Printed Pollen Grain-Inspired Hydrogel Microrobots for On-Demand Anchoring and Cargo Delivery. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2209812. [PMID: 36585849 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202209812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
While a majority of wireless microrobots have shown multi-responsiveness to implement complex biomedical functions, their functional executions are strongly dependent on the range of stimulus inputs, which curtails their functional diversity. Furthermore, their responsive functions are coupled to each other, which results in the overlap of the task operations. Here, a 3D-printed multifunctional microrobot inspired by pollen grains with three hydrogel components is demonstrated: iron platinum (FePt) nanoparticle-embedded pentaerythritol triacrylate (PETA), poly N-isopropylacrylamide (pNIPAM), and poly N-isopropylacrylamide acrylic acid (pNIPAM-AAc) structures. Each of these structures exhibits their respective targeted functions: responding to magnetic fields for torque-driven surface rolling and steering, exhibiting temperature responsiveness for on-demand surface attachment (anchoring), and pH-responsive cargo release. The versatile multifunctional pollen grain-inspired robots conceptualized here pave the way for various future medical microrobots to improve their projected performance and functional diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Woo Lee
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jae-Kang Kim
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Ugur Bozuyuk
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Nihal Olcay Dogan
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
| | - Muhammad Turab Ali Khan
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Anitha Shiva
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Anna-Maria Wild
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Metin Sitti
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
- School of Medicine and College of Engineering, Koç University, Istanbul, 34450, Turkey
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10
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Ge G, Mandal K, Haghniaz R, Li M, Xiao X, Carlson L, Jucaud V, Dokmeci MR, Ho GW, Khademhosseini A. Deep Eutectic Solvents-based Ionogels with Ultrafast Gelation and High Adhesion in Harsh Environments. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2023; 33:2207388. [PMID: 37090954 PMCID: PMC10118073 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202207388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Adhesive materials have recently drawn intensive attention due to their excellent sealing ability, thereby stimulating advances in materials science and industrial usage. However, reported adhesives usually exhibit weak adhesion strength, require high pressure for strong bonding, and display severe adhesion deterioration in various harsh environments. In this work, instead of water or organic solvents, a deep eutectic solution (DES) was used as the medium for photopolymerization of zwitterionic and polarized monomers, thus generating a novel ionogel with tunable mechanical properties. Multiple hydrogen bonds and electrostatic interactions between DES and monomers facilitated ultrafast gelation and instant bonding without any external pressure, which was rarely reported previously. Furthermore, high adhesion in different harsh environments (e.g., water, acidic and basic buffers, and saline solutions) and onto hydrophilic (e.g., glass and tissues) and hydrophobic (e.g., polymethyl methacrylate, polystyrene, and polypropylene) adherends was demonstrated. Also, high stretchability of the ionogel at extreme temperatures (-80 and 80 °C) indicated its widespread applications. Furthermore, the biocompatible ionogel showed high burst pressure onto stomach and intestine tissues to prevent liquid leakage, highlighting its potential as an adhesive patch. This ionogel provides unprecedented opportunities in the fields of packaging industry, marine engineering, medical adhesives, and electronic assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Ge
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Kalpana Mandal
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Mengchen Li
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117583, Singapore
| | - Larry Carlson
- Institute for Technology Advancement, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Vadim Jucaud
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Ghim Wei Ho
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117583, Singapore
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11
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Shamim JA, Takahashi Y, Goswami A, Shaukat N, Hsu WL, Choi J, Daiguji H. Suppression of wetting transition on evaporative fakir droplets by using slippery superhydrophobic surfaces with low depinning force. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2368. [PMID: 36759577 PMCID: PMC9911698 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29163-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
This study experimentally investigated the evaporation and wetting transition behavior of fakir droplets on five different microstructured surfaces. Diamond-like carbon was introduced as the substrate, and the influence of varying the width, height, and pitch of the micropillars was assessed. The experimental results showed that the interfacial properties of the surfaces change the evaporation behavior and the starting point of the wetting transition. An important result of this study is the demonstration of a slippery superhydrophobic surface with low depinning force that suppresses the transition from the Cassie-Baxter state to the Wenzel state for microdroplets less than 0.37 mm in diameter, without employing large pillar height or multiscale roughness. By selecting an appropriate pillar pitch and employing tapered micropillars with small pillar widths, the solid-liquid contact at the three-phase contact line was reduced and low depinning forces were obtained. The underlying mechanism by which slippery superhydrophobic surfaces suppress wetting transitions is also discussed. The accuracy of the theoretical models for predicting the critical transition parameters was assessed, and a numerical model was developed in the surface evolver to compute the penetration of the droplet bottom meniscus within the micropillars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jubair A. Shamim
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8656 Japan
| | - Yukinari Takahashi
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8656 Japan
| | - Anjan Goswami
- grid.7445.20000 0001 2113 8111Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Nadeem Shaukat
- grid.420112.40000 0004 0607 7017Center for Mathematical Sciences, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nilore, 45650 Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Wei-Lun Hsu
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8656 Japan
| | - Junho Choi
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8656 Japan
| | - Hirofumi Daiguji
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan.
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12
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Kim JK, Krishna-Subbaiah N, Wu Y, Ko J, Shiva A, Sitti M. Enhanced Flexible Mold Lifetime for Roll-to-Roll Scaled-Up Manufacturing of Adhesive Complex Microstructures. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2207257. [PMID: 36271730 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202207257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Various functional complex 3D patterned surfaces with micro- or nanostructures have been developed and their superior performances over non-patterned smooth surfaces proven. However, it is challenging to mass-produce such complex micro-/nanopatterned surfaces, which limits their commercialization drastically. Although roll-to-roll (R2R) manufacturing using flexible molds has been implemented for mass-production of such functional surfaces, the poor mold repeatability issue has not been resolved yet. Here, a strategy to significantly improve the repeatability of the micropatterned flexible silicone molds over 1000 cycles against highly adhesive polyurethane acrylates (PUAs) in UV light curing based R2R systems by using a two-step curing process is reported. The mold repeatability is drastically increased from 10s of cycles to over 1000 cycles through the proposed strategy in spite of the complicated 3D undercut geometry and high tackiness of the microstructure. This two-step process would enable scaled-up production of micro-/nanostructured adhesives, such as gecko-inspired microfiber adhesives as demonstrated in this study, as well as various other functional micro-/nanostructured surfaces by enhancing the flexible mold lifetime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Kang Kim
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Nagaraj Krishna-Subbaiah
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Yingdan Wu
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jongkuk Ko
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Anitha Shiva
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Metin Sitti
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
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13
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Zhang Z, Pei G, Zhao K, Pang P, Gao W, Ye T, Ma B, Luo J, Deng J. Fresnel Diffraction Strategy Enables the Fabrication of Flexible Superomniphobic Surfaces. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2022; 38:14508-14516. [PMID: 36377419 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c02658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Doubly re-entrant surfaces inspired by springtails exhibit excellent repellency to low-surface-tension liquid. However, the flexible doubly re-entrant surfaces are difficult to fabricate, especially for the overhang of the structure. Herein, we demonstrate a simple Fresnel aperture diffraction modulation strategy in microscale lithography coupled with a molding process to obtain the flexible doubly re-entrant superomniphobic surfaces with nanoscale overhangs. The negative nanoscale overhang features were formed in a single-layer photoresist due to the fine-modulation of the optical intensity fluctuation of the Fresnel aperture diffraction. The as-prepared flexible non-fluorinated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) doubly re-entrant microstructure based on the Fresnel aperture diffraction (D-BF) surface (without any additional treatments) could repel ethanol droplets (21.8 mN m-1) in the Cassie-Baxter state. The robust nanoscale overhangs obtained by the molding process enable the maximum breakthrough pressure for the low-surface-tension ethanol droplets on the D-BF surfaces up to about 230 Pa, allowing ethanol liquids with Weber numbers up to 8.7 to fully bounce off. The fabricated non-fluorinated D-BF superomniphobic surface maintains outstanding liquid repellency after the surface wettability modification and deformation test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonggang Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano Systems for Aerospace, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyi Road, Xi'an710072, China
| | - Guangyao Pei
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano Systems for Aerospace, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyi Road, Xi'an710072, China
| | - Keli Zhao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano Systems for Aerospace, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyi Road, Xi'an710072, China
| | - Peng Pang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano Systems for Aerospace, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyi Road, Xi'an710072, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano Systems for Aerospace, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyi Road, Xi'an710072, China
| | - Tao Ye
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano Systems for Aerospace, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyi Road, Xi'an710072, China
| | - Binghe Ma
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano Systems for Aerospace, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyi Road, Xi'an710072, China
| | - Jian Luo
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano Systems for Aerospace, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyi Road, Xi'an710072, China
| | - Jinjun Deng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano Systems for Aerospace, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 Youyi Road, Xi'an710072, China
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14
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Han X, Liu J, Wang M, Upmanyu M, Wang H. Second-Level Microgroove Convexity is Critical for Air Plastron Restoration on Immersed Hierarchical Superhydrophobic Surfaces. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:52524-52534. [PMID: 36373889 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c15929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Air plastrons trapped on the surfaces of underwater superhydrophobic surfaces are critical for their function. Fibrillar morphologies offer a natural pathway, yet they are limited to a narrow range of liquid-surface systems and are vulnerable to pressure fluctuations that irreversibly destroy the air layer plastron. Inspired by the convexly grooved bases of water fern (Salvinia) leaves that support their fibrous outgrowths, we focus on the effect of such second-level grooved structures or microgrooves on the plastron restoration on immersed three-dimensional (3D)-printed hierarchical surfaces. Elliptical, interconnected microgrooves are fabricated with varying surface curvatures to study the effect of their morphology. Immersion experiments reveal that the convex groove curvature stabilizes a seed gas layer (SGL) that facilitates plastron restoration for all immersed hydrophobic surfaces. Theoretical calculations and atomic-scale computations reveal that the SGL storage capacity that sets the SGL robustness follows from the liquid menisci adaption to the groove geometry and pressure, from micro- to nanoscales, and it can be further tuned using separated grooves. Our study highlights groove convexity as a key morphological feature for the design of second-level architectures for underwater air plastron restoration on hierarchical superhydrophobic surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Han
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei230027, Anhui, China
| | - Jingnan Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei230027, Anhui, China
| | - Mengyuan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei230027, Anhui, China
| | - Moneesh Upmanyu
- Group for Simulation and Theory of Atomic-Scale Material Phenomena (stAMP), Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts02115, United States
| | - Hailong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei230027, Anhui, China
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15
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Xu K, Wu X, Zhang X, Xing M. Bridging wounds: tissue adhesives' essential mechanisms, synthesis and characterization, bioinspired adhesives and future perspectives. BURNS & TRAUMA 2022; 10:tkac033. [PMID: 36225327 PMCID: PMC9548443 DOI: 10.1093/burnst/tkac033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Bioadhesives act as a bridge in wound closure by forming an effective interface to protect against liquid and gas leakage and aid the stoppage of bleeding. To their credit, tissue adhesives have made an indelible impact on almost all wound-related surgeries. Their unique properties include minimal damage to tissues, low chance of infection, ease of use and short wound-closure time. In contrast, classic closures, like suturing and stapling, exhibit potential additional complications with long operation times and undesirable inflammatory responses. Although tremendous progress has been made in the development of tissue adhesives, they are not yet ideal. Therefore, highlighting and summarizing existing adhesive designs and synthesis, and comparing the different products will contribute to future development. This review first provides a summary of current commercial traditional tissue adhesives. Then, based on adhesion interaction mechanisms, the tissue adhesives are categorized into three main types: adhesive patches that bind molecularly with tissue, tissue-stitching adhesives based on pre-polymer or precursor solutions, and bioinspired or biomimetic tissue adhesives. Their specific adhesion mechanisms, properties and related applications are discussed. The adhesion mechanisms of commercial traditional adhesives as well as their limitations and shortcomings are also reviewed. Finally, we also discuss the future perspectives of tissue adhesives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaige Xu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Xiaozhuo Wu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - Xingying Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
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16
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Balkaya H, Demirbuğa S. Evaluation of six different one-step universal adhesive systems in terms of dentin bond strength, adhesive interface characterization, surface tension, contact angle, degree of conversion and solvent evaporation after immediate and delayed use. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2022; 35:479-492. [PMID: 36194081 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In this study, it was aimed to investigate the effects of different waiting periods on resin-dentin bond strength (BS), degree of conversion (DC), contact angle (CA), surface tension (ST), solvent evaporation (weight loss) and the characteristics of adhesive interfaces of the current six universal adhesive resins (ARs). MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 216 caries-free human lower third molar teeth were used. Composite resin restorations were performed by applying six universal ARs in etch-and-rinse and self-etch mode on standardized dentin surfaces after 0, 5, and 30 min waiting time. Then, a micro-shear BS test, SEM examination and characterization of the adhesive interface were performed. In addition, DC, CA, ST, solvent evaporation of all tested ARs were evaluated. RESULTS The obtained data were statistically anaIyzed. The tested ARs did not show any statistical difference between 0 and 5 min evaluations in all parameters evaluated except for weight loss (p > 0.05). While the weight loss, ST and CA of all ARs increased in 30 min (p < 0.05), the BS, DC, thickness of the adhesive layer and the hybrid layer, resin tag length and number of resin tags varied according to the ARs used. When the ARs were used in etch-and-rinse mode, all the parameters evaluated also varied according to the AR used. Higher adhesive layer thickness and lower hybrid layer thickness were found in the self-etch mode (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS All of the adhesives tested can be safely used up to 30 min. This could also prevent economical loss caused by waste adhesive material. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE It is important to know how the bond strength, degree of conversion, adhesion, contact angle and surface tension properties of the adhesive resin waiting in the dispensing cup for a long time during clinical use are affected to make ideal restorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hacer Balkaya
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Erciyes University Faculty of Dentistry, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Sezer Demirbuğa
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Erciyes University Faculty of Dentistry, Kayseri, Turkey
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17
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Zhang Z, Ma B, Ye T, Gao W, Pei G, Luo J, Deng J, Yuan W. One-Step Fabrication of Flexible Bioinspired Superomniphobic Surfaces. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:39665-39672. [PMID: 35983670 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c12483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Flexible superomniphobic doubly re-entrant (Dual-T) microstructures inspired by springtails have attracted growing attention due to their excellent liquid-repellent properties. However, the simple and practical manufacturing processes of the flexible Dual-T microstructures are urgently needed. Here, we proposed a one-step molding process coupled with the lithography technique to fabricate the elastomeric polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) Dual-T microstructure surfaces with high uniformity. The angle between the downward overhang and the horizontal direction could reach 90° (vertical overhang). The flexible superomniphobic Dual-T microstructure surfaces, without fluorination treatment and physical treatments, could repel liquids with a surface tension lower than 20 mN m-1 in the Cassie-Baxter state. Owing to the excellent robustness of the one-step molding downward overhanging, the max breakthrough pressure of this surface could reach up to 164.3 Pa for ethanol droplets. Furthermore, the flexible superomniphobic Dual-T surface allowed impinging ethanol droplets to completely rebound at the Weber number up to 7.1 with an impact velocity of ∼0.32 m s-1. The Dual-T microstructure surface maintained excellent superomniphobicity even after surface oxygen plasma treatment and exhibited excellent structural robustness and recoverability to various large mechanical deformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonggang Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano Systems for Aerospace, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Binghe Ma
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano Systems for Aerospace, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Tao Ye
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano Systems for Aerospace, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano Systems for Aerospace, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Guangyao Pei
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano Systems for Aerospace, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Jian Luo
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano Systems for Aerospace, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Jinjun Deng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano Systems for Aerospace, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Weizheng Yuan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano Systems for Aerospace, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
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18
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Abstract
Anchoring soft millirobots on surfaces, such as biological tissues, is essential to perform long-duration medical functions robustly on a target position. For robust anchoring, we propose a wireless mechanism that can be precisely controlled by remote heating to achieve on-demand needle release and mechanical interlocking. Such a mechanism can be easily integrated on existing untethered soft robots, allowing them to anchor robustly to soft surfaces while retaining their locomotion capabilities. Furthermore, we demonstrate advanced functionalities of such robots, such as controlled surface detachment and subsurface drug delivery into three-dimensional cancer spheroids. Given these capabilities, the proposed mechanism can serve as a platform for the development of soft robots with a new suite of biomedical capabilities. Untethered soft miniature robots capable of accessing hard-to-reach regions can enable new, disruptive, and minimally invasive medical procedures. However, once the control input is removed, these robots easily move from their target location because of the dynamic motion of body tissues or fluids, thereby restricting their use in many long-term medical applications. To overcome this, we propose a wireless spring-preloaded barbed needle release mechanism, which can provide up to 1.6 N of force to drive a barbed needle into soft tissues to allow robust on-demand anchoring on three-dimensional (3D) surfaces. The mechanism is wirelessly triggered using radio-frequency remote heating and can be easily integrated into existing untethered soft robotic platforms without sacrificing their mobility. Design guidelines aimed at maximizing anchoring over the range of the most biological tissues (kPa range) and extending the operating depth of the device inside the body (up to 75%) are also presented. Enabled by these advances, we achieve robust anchoring on a variety of ex vivo tissues and demonstrate the usage of such a device when integrated with existing soft robotic platforms and medical imaging. Moreover, by simply changing the needle, we demonstrate additional functionalities such as controlled detachment and subsurface drug delivery into 3D cancer spheroids. Given these capabilities, our proposed mechanism could enable the development of a new class of biomedical-related functionalities, such as local drug delivery, disease monitoring, and hyperthermia for future untethered soft medical robots.
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19
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Xu P, Zhang Y, Li L, Lin Z, Zhu B, Chen W, Li G, Liu H, Xiao K, Xiong Y, Yang S, Lei Y, Xue L. Adhesion behaviors of water droplets on bioinspired superhydrophobic surfaces. BIOINSPIRATION & BIOMIMETICS 2022; 17:041003. [PMID: 35561670 DOI: 10.1088/1748-3190/ac6fa5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The adhesion behaviors of droplets on surfaces are attracting increasing attention due to their various applications. Many bioinspired superhydrophobic surfaces with different adhesion states have been constructed in order to mimic the functions of natural surfaces such as a lotus leaf, a rose petal, butterfly wings, etc. In this review, we first present a brief introduction to the fundamental theories of the adhesion behaviors of droplets on various surfaces, including low adhesion, high adhesion and anisotropic adhesion states. Then, different techniques to characterize droplet adhesion on these surfaces, including the rotating disk technique, the atomic force microscope cantilever technique, and capillary sensor-based techniques, are described. Wetting behaviors, and the switching between different adhesion states on bioinspired surfaces, are also summarized and discussed. Subsequently, the diverse applications of bioinspired surfaces, including water collection, liquid transport, drag reduction, and oil/water separation, are discussed. Finally, the challenges of using liquid adhesion behaviors on various surfaces, and future applications of these surfaces, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xu
- School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, The Institute of Technological Science, Wuhan University, South Donghu Road 8, 430072, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yurong Zhang
- School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, The Institute of Technological Science, Wuhan University, South Donghu Road 8, 430072, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijun Li
- School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, The Institute of Technological Science, Wuhan University, South Donghu Road 8, 430072, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Lin
- School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, The Institute of Technological Science, Wuhan University, South Donghu Road 8, 430072, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Zhu
- School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, The Institute of Technological Science, Wuhan University, South Donghu Road 8, 430072, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenhui Chen
- School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, The Institute of Technological Science, Wuhan University, South Donghu Road 8, 430072, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Li
- School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, The Institute of Technological Science, Wuhan University, South Donghu Road 8, 430072, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongtao Liu
- School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, The Institute of Technological Science, Wuhan University, South Donghu Road 8, 430072, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Kangjian Xiao
- School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, The Institute of Technological Science, Wuhan University, South Donghu Road 8, 430072, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunhe Xiong
- Urology Department, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Zhangzhidong Road 99, 430060, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Sixing Yang
- Urology Department, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Zhangzhidong Road 99, 430060, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifeng Lei
- School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, The Institute of Technological Science, Wuhan University, South Donghu Road 8, 430072, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Longjian Xue
- School of Power and Mechanical Engineering, The Institute of Technological Science, Wuhan University, South Donghu Road 8, 430072, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
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20
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Xiao Z, Zhao Q, Niu Y, Zhao D. Adhesion advances: from nanomaterials to biomimetic adhesion and applications. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:3447-3464. [PMID: 35470362 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm00265e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The field of adhesion has revealed a significant impact on numerous applications such as wound healing, drug delivery, electrically conductive adhesive, dental adhesive, and wood industry. Nanotechnology has continued to be the primary means to achieve adhesion. Among them, biological systems based on the unique structure of the nano-levels have developed excellent adhesion capabilities after billions of years of evolution and natural selection. Therefore, the research on bionic adhesion inspired by biological systems has gradually emerged. This review firstly focuses on the mechanism of adhesion, and secondly reports the effects of different nanomaterials on adhesion properties. Then based on the structure of mussels, geckos, tree frogs, octopuses, and other organisms, the research progress of biomimetic nanotechnology to achieve adhesion is summarized. Finally, the applications, challenges, and future directions of nanotechnology in new adhesive materials are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuobing Xiao
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, No. 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai 201418, China.
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiaotong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Qixuan Zhao
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, No. 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai 201418, China.
| | - Yunwei Niu
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, No. 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai 201418, China.
| | - Di Zhao
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Institute of Technology, No. 100 Haiquan Road, Shanghai 201418, China.
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21
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Aghakhani A, Pena-Francesch A, Bozuyuk U, Cetin H, Wrede P, Sitti M. High shear rate propulsion of acoustic microrobots in complex biological fluids. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabm5126. [PMID: 35275716 PMCID: PMC8916727 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm5126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Untethered microrobots offer a great promise for localized targeted therapy in hard-to-access spaces in our body. Despite recent advancements, most microrobot propulsion capabilities have been limited to homogenous Newtonian fluids. However, the biological fluids present in our body are heterogeneous and have shear rate-dependent rheological properties, which limit the propulsion of microrobots using conventional designs and actuation methods. We propose an acoustically powered microrobotic system, consisting of a three-dimensionally printed 30-micrometer-diameter hollow body with an oscillatory microbubble, to generate high shear rate fluidic flow for propulsion in complex biofluids. The acoustically induced microstreaming flow leads to distinct surface-slipping and puller-type propulsion modes in Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids, respectively. We demonstrate efficient propulsion of the microrobots in diverse biological fluids, including in vitro navigation through mucus layers on biologically relevant three-dimensional surfaces. The microrobot design and high shear rate propulsion mechanism discussed herein could open new possibilities to deploy microrobots in complex biofluids toward minimally invasive targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amirreza Aghakhani
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Abdon Pena-Francesch
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Robotics Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Ugur Bozuyuk
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zürich,, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Hakan Cetin
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department, Özyegin University, 34794 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Paul Wrede
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Metin Sitti
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zürich,, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
- School of Medicine and College of Engineering, Koç University, 34450 Istanbul, Turkey
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22
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Chen F, Wang Y, Tian Y, Zhang D, Song J, Crick CR, Carmalt CJ, Parkin IP, Lu Y. Robust and durable liquid-repellent surfaces. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:8476-8583. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01033b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
This review provides a comprehensive summary of characterization, design, fabrication, and application of robust and durable liquid-repellent surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faze Chen
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Key Laboratory of Mechanism Theory and Equipment Design of Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yaquan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Yanling Tian
- School of Engineering, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Dawei Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Key Laboratory of Mechanism Theory and Equipment Design of Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Jinlong Song
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Colin R. Crick
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Claire J. Carmalt
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Ivan P. Parkin
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Yao Lu
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
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23
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Choi JS, Lim S, Kim J, Chung SS, Moon SE, Im JP, Kim JH, Kang SM. Capillary-Induced Clustering of Thermoresponsive Micropillars. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:58201-58208. [PMID: 34817151 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c18634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we demonstrate the controllable clustering of thermoresponsive high-aspect-ratio hydrogel pillars by modulating the elastic modulus of the materials. Generally, high-aspect-ratio polymeric pillars readily cluster owing to the effect of capillary force and adhesion. However, this unstable behavior hinders the implementation of various functionalities such as wetting, adhesion, and energy harvesting on surfaces with such pillars. Conversely, clustering behavior may be required in the case of digital microfluidic platforms that grip tiny particles or perform biological and chemical analyses. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a reliable method for controlling the clustering behavior. To this end, we fabricate high-aspect-ratio pillars that exhibit capillary-induced clustering behavior based on the cross-linker density of the thermoresponsive hydrogel and the temperature of the surrounding environment. Through experimental and theoretical analyses, a criterion for controlling the clustering and recovery behavior of the fabricated pillars is determined. The established criterion is employed to fabricate a smart mobile camera lens cover that can produce blurred and deblurred images based on optical variations resulting from the clustering and recovery of the pillars. The results of this study can be used to fabricate high-aspect-ratio polymeric pillars for use in diverse applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Seong Choi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Suim Lim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Junsoo Kim
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Seong Seok Chung
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Eon Moon
- Emerging Nano-Materials Research Section, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, Daejeon 305-700, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Pil Im
- Emerging Nano-Materials Research Section, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, Daejeon 305-700, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hun Kim
- Emerging Nano-Materials Research Section, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, Daejeon 305-700, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Min Kang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
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24
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Han X, Wang M, Yan R, Wang H. Cassie State Stability and Gas Restoration Capability of Superhydrophobic Surfaces with Truncated Cone-Shaped Pillars. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:12897-12906. [PMID: 34714661 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c01909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The gas layer stability on superhydrophobic surfaces and gas restoration on the immersed superhydrophobic surfaces have been great challenges for their practical applications in recent years. Inspired by the naturally existing mushroom-like super-repellent superhydrophobic patterns, we choose superhydrophobic surfaces with truncated cone-shaped pillars as our research objects to tackle such challenges by tuning their geometrical parameters. We perform molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the Cassie-Wenzel transition under external pressure and the Wenzel-Cassie transition due to underwater spreading of compressed bubbles. Theories based on the Young-Laplace equation and total free-energy variation are developed to explore the influence of geometrical parameters of pillars on the pressure resistance and underwater gas restoration, which is in good agreement with simulation results. These simulation results and theoretical analysis suggest that cork-shaped pillars, analogous to the surface structures of natural organisms like springtails and Salvinia leaves, can be super-repellent to the liquid and favorable for the gas spreading process. Our study provides theoretical guidance for the design of superhydrophobic surfaces with both Cassie state stability and gas restoration capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Han
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Mengyuan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Ruilin Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
| | - Hailong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, China
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Dayan CB, Chun S, Krishna-Subbaiah N, Drotlef DM, Akolpoglu MB, Sitti M. 3D Printing of Elastomeric Bioinspired Complex Adhesive Microstructures. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2103826. [PMID: 34396591 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202103826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Bioinspired elastomeric structural adhesives can provide reversible and controllable adhesion on dry/wet and synthetic/biological surfaces for a broad range of commercial applications. Shape complexity and performance of the existing structural adhesives are limited by the used specific fabrication technique, such as molding. To overcome these limitations by proposing complex 3D microstructured adhesive designs, a 3D elastomeric microstructure fabrication approach is implemented using two-photon-polymerization-based 3D printing. A custom aliphatic urethane-acrylate-based elastomer is used as the 3D printing material. Two designs are demonstrated with two combined biological inspirations to show the advanced capabilities enabled by the proposed fabrication approach and custom elastomer. The first design focuses on springtail- and gecko-inspired hybrid microfiber adhesive, which has the multifunctionalities of side-surface liquid super-repellency, top-surface liquid super-repellency, and strong reversible adhesion features in a single fiber array. The second design primarily centers on octopus- and gecko-inspired hybrid adhesive, which exhibits the benefits of both octopus- and gecko-inspired microstructured adhesives for strong reversible adhesion on both wet and dry surfaces, such as skin. This fabrication approach could be used to produce many other 3D complex elastomeric structural adhesives for future real-world applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cem Balda Dayan
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Sungwoo Chun
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
- Department of Electronics and Information Engineering, Korea University, Sejong, 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Nagaraj Krishna-Subbaiah
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Dirk-Michael Drotlef
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Mukrime Birgul Akolpoglu
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Metin Sitti
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zürich, Zürich, 8092, Switzerland
- School of Medicine and College of Engineering, Koç University, Istanbul, 34450, Turkey
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Son D, Liimatainen V, Sitti M. Machine Learning-Based and Experimentally Validated Optimal Adhesive Fibril Designs. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2102867. [PMID: 34414656 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202102867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Setae, fibrils located on a gecko's feet, have been an inspiration of synthetic dry microfibrillar adhesives in the last two decades for a wide range of applications due to unique properties: residue-free, repeatable, tunable, controllable and silent adhesion; self-cleaning; and breathability. However, designing dry fibrillar adhesives is limited by a template-based-design-approach using a pre-determined bioinspired T- or wedge-shaped mushroom tip. Here, a machine learning-based computational approach to optimize designs of adhesive fibrils is shown, exploring a much broader design space. A combination of Bayesian optimization and finite element methods creates novel optimal designs of adhesive fibrils, which are fabricated by two-photon-polymerization-based 3D microprinting and double-molding-based replication out of polydimethylsiloxane. Such optimal elastomeric fibril designs outperform previously proposed designs by maximum 77% in the experiments of dry adhesion performance on smooth surfaces. Furthermore, finite-element-analyses reveal that the adhesion of the fibrils is sensitive to the 3D fibril stem shape, tensile deformation, and fibril microfabrication limits, which contrast with the previous assumptions that mostly neglect the deformation of the fibril tip and stem, and focus only on the fibril tip geometry. The proposed computational fibril design could help design future optimal fibrils with less help from human intuition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghoon Son
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, South Korea
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Ville Liimatainen
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
- Okmetic Oy, Vantaa, 01510, Finland
| | - Metin Sitti
- Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8092, Switzerland
- School of Medicine and College of Engineering, Koç University, Istanbul, 34450, Turkey
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Su L, Jin DD, Pan CF, Xia N, Chan KF, Iacovacci V, Xu T, Du X, Zhang L. A mobile magnetic pad with fast light-switchable adhesion capabilities. BIOINSPIRATION & BIOMIMETICS 2021; 16:055005. [PMID: 34225261 DOI: 10.1088/1748-3190/ac114a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Octopus suckers that possess the ability to actively control adhesion through muscle actuation have inspired artificial adhesives for safe manipulation of thin and delicate objects. However, the design of adhesives with fast adhesion switching speed to transport cargoes in confined spaces remains an open challenge. Here, we present an untethered magnetic adhesive pad combining the functionality of fast adhesion switching and remotely controlled locomotion. The adhesive pad can be activated from low-adhesion state to high-adhesion state by near infrared laser within 30 s, allowing to fulfill a high-throughput task of retrieving and releasing objects. Moreover, under the guidance of external magnetic field, the proposed pad is demonstrated to transport thin and fragile electronic components across a tortuous path, thus indicating its potential for dexterous delivery in complex working environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Su
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin NT, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Dong Jin
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin NT, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Feng Pan
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin NT, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Neng Xia
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin NT, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Fung Chan
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin NT, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
| | - Veronica Iacovacci
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin NT, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
- The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa 56025, Italy
| | - Tiantian Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Robotics and Intelligent System, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuemin Du
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering (IBHE), Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin NT, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
Intelligence of physical agents, such as human-made (e.g., robots, autonomous cars) and biological (e.g., animals, plants) ones, is not only enabled by their computational intelligence (CI) in their brain, but also by their physical intelligence (PI) encoded in their body. Therefore, it is essential to advance the PI of human-made agents as much as possible, in addition to their CI, to operate them in unstructured and complex real-world environments like the biological agents. This article gives a perspective on what PI paradigm is, when PI can be more significant and dominant in physical and biological agents at different length scales and how bioinspired and abstract PI methods can be created in agent bodies. PI paradigm aims to synergize and merge many research fields, such as mechanics, materials science, robotics, mechanical design, fluidics, active matter, biology, self-assembly and collective systems, to enable advanced PI capabilities in human-made agent bodies, comparable to the ones observed in biological organisms. Such capabilities would progress the future robots and other machines beyond what can be realized using the current frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Metin Sitti
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
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Hu S, Reddyhoff T, Li J, Cao X, Shi X, Peng Z, deMello AJ, Dini D. Biomimetic Water-Repelling Surfaces with Robustly Flexible Structures. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:31310-31319. [PMID: 34171192 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c10157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Biomimetic liquid-repelling surfaces have been the subject of considerable scientific research and technological application. To design such surfaces, a flexibility-based oscillation strategy has been shown to resolve the problem of liquid-surface positioning encountered by the previous, rigidity-based asymmetry strategy; however, its usage is limited by weak mechanical robustness and confined repellency enhancement. Here, we design a flexible surface comprising mesoscale heads and microscale spring sets, in analogy to the mushroomlike geometry discovered on springtail cuticles, and then realize this through three-dimensional projection microstereolithography. Such a surface exhibits strong mechanical robustness against ubiquitous normal and shear compression and even endures tribological friction. Simultaneously, the surface elevates water repellency for impacting droplets by enhancing impalement resistance and reducing contact time, partially reaching an improvement of ∼80% via structural tilting movements. This is the first demonstration of flexible interfacial structures to robustly endure tribological friction as well as to promote water repellency, approaching real-world applications of water repelling. Also, a flexibility gradient is created on the surface to directionally manipulate droplets, paving the way for droplet transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songtao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Tom Reddyhoff
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Jinbang Li
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Xiaobao Cao
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Xi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zhike Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Mechanical System and Vibration, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Andrew J deMello
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Daniele Dini
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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31
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Liang X, Li D, Li S, Xu C, Guo Z. Artificial Leaf for Switchable Droplet Manipulation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:5745-5752. [PMID: 33929871 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c00799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Droplet manipulation plays an important role in scientific research, daily life, and practical production such as biological and chemical analysis. Inspired by the structure and function of three typical leaf veins, the bionic texture was replicated by the template method, and the artificial leaf was selectively treated by nanoparticles to obtain a quasi-three-dimensional hybrid superhydrophobic-hydrophilic surface. When the droplet touches the surface of the leaf, it will be attracted to the bottom of the main vein from different directions even in horizontal conditions due to the Laplace pressure gradient and energy gradient. The simulation analysis demonstrates that the reason for directional transportation is the energy gradient of the droplets on the different levels of veins, including the thin veins, lateral veins, and main vein. Meanwhile, the experimental result of water collection also showed an outstanding directional transportation effect and excellent water collection efficiency. In addition, when the sample is tilted upside down, the droplet will flow back to the main vein along the lateral vein and then flow down the main vein, showing a good droplet pumping effect. Therefore, the directional and polydirectional transportation of droplets on the same sample is successfully realized, and the conversion between executing single and multiple tasks simultaneously can be realized only by upright and inverted samples. This work provided a new strategy for directional and polydirectional water manipulation, water collection, directional drainage, and microfluidic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Deke Li
- School of Materials Engineering, Lanzhou Institute of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, People's Republic of China
| | - ShanPeng Li
- College of Engineering, Lishui University, Lishui 323000, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenggong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiguang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, People's Republic of China
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33
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Zhang W, Wang D, Sun Z, Song J, Deng X. Robust superhydrophobicity: mechanisms and strategies. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:4031-4061. [PMID: 33554976 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00751j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Superhydrophobic surfaces hold great prospects for extremely diverse applications owing to their water repellence property. The essential feature of superhydrophobicity is micro-/nano-scopic roughness to reserve a large portion of air under a liquid drop. However, the vulnerability of the delicate surface textures significantly impedes the practical applications of superhydrophobic surfaces. Robust superhydrophobicity is a must to meet the rigorous industrial requirements and standards for commercial products. In recent years, major advancements have been made in elucidating the mechanisms of wetting transitions, design strategies and fabrication techniques of superhydrophobicity. This review will first introduce the mechanisms of wetting transitions, including the thermodynamic stability of the Cassie state and its breakdown conditions. Then we highlight the development, current status and future prospects of robust superhydrophobicity, including characterization, design strategies and fabrication techniques. In particular, design strategies, which are classified into passive resistance and active regeneration for the first time, are proposed and discussed extensively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenluan Zhang
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
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Mitchell CT, Dayan CB, Drotlef DM, Sitti M, Stark AY. The effect of substrate wettability and modulus on gecko and gecko-inspired synthetic adhesion in variable temperature and humidity. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19748. [PMID: 33184356 PMCID: PMC7665207 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76484-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Gecko adhesive performance increases as relative humidity increases. Two primary mechanisms can explain this result: capillary adhesion and increased contact area via material softening. Both hypotheses consider variable relative humidity, but neither fully explains the interactive effects of temperature and relative humidity on live gecko adhesion. In this study, we used live tokay geckos (Gekko gecko) and a gecko-inspired synthetic adhesive to investigate the roles of capillary adhesion and material softening on gecko adhesive performance. The results of our study suggest that both capillary adhesion and material softening contribute to overall gecko adhesion, but the relative contribution of each depends on the environmental context. Specifically, capillary adhesion dominates on hydrophilic substrates, and material softening dominates on hydrophobic substrates. At low temperature (12 °C), both capillary adhesion and material softening likely produce high adhesion across a range of relative humidity values. At high temperature (32 °C), material softening plays a dominant role in adhesive performance at an intermediate relative humidity (i.e., 70% RH).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher T Mitchell
- Department of Biology, Villanova University, 800 E. Lancaster Ave., Villanova, PA, 19085, USA
| | - Cem Balda Dayan
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Dirk-M Drotlef
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Metin Sitti
- Physical Intelligence Department, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Alyssa Y Stark
- Department of Biology, Villanova University, 800 E. Lancaster Ave., Villanova, PA, 19085, USA.
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Ramírez-Soto O, Sanjay V, Lohse D, Pham JT, Vollmer D. Lifting a sessile oil drop from a superamphiphobic surface with an impacting one. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:eaba4330. [PMID: 32875104 PMCID: PMC7438093 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aba4330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Colliding drops are encountered in everyday technologies and natural processes, from combustion engines and commodity sprays to raindrops and cloud formation. The outcome of a collision depends on many factors, including the impact velocity and the degree of alignment, and intrinsic properties like surface tension. Yet, little is known on binary impact dynamics of low-surface-tension drops on a low-wetting surface. We investigate the dynamics of an oil drop impacting an identical sessile drop sitting on a superamphiphobic surface. We observe five rebound scenarios, four of which do not involve coalescence. We describe two previously unexplored cases for sessile drop liftoff, resulting from drop-on-drop impact. Numerical simulations quantitatively reproduce the rebound scenarios and enable quantification of velocity profiles, energy transfer, and viscous dissipation. Our results illustrate how varying the offset from head-on alignment and the impact velocity results in controllable rebound dynamics for oil drop collisions on superamphiphobic surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olinka Ramírez-Soto
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz, Germany
- Physics of Fluids Group, Max Planck Center for Complex Fluid Dynamics, Mesa+ Institute, and J.M. Burgers Center for Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Vatsal Sanjay
- Physics of Fluids Group, Max Planck Center for Complex Fluid Dynamics, Mesa+ Institute, and J.M. Burgers Center for Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
| | - Detlef Lohse
- Physics of Fluids Group, Max Planck Center for Complex Fluid Dynamics, Mesa+ Institute, and J.M. Burgers Center for Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
- Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jonathan T. Pham
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
| | - Doris Vollmer
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz, Germany
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