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Lu Y, Samorì P, Feng X. Rational Construction of Two-Dimensional Conjugated Metal-Organic Frameworks (2D c-MOFs) for Electronics and Beyond. Acc Chem Res 2024; 57:1985-1996. [PMID: 38963189 PMCID: PMC11256355 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.4c00305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
ConspectusTwo-dimensional conjugated metal-organic frameworks (2D c-MOFs) have emerged as a novel class of multifunctional materials, attracting increasing attention due to their highly customizable chemistry yielding programmable and unprecedented structures and properties. In particular, over the past decade, the synergistic relationship between the conductivity and porosity of 2D c-MOFs has paved the way toward their widespread applications. Despite their promising potential, the majority of 2D c-MOFs have yet to achieve atomically precise crystal structures, hindering the full understanding and control over their electronic structure and intrinsic charge transport characteristics. When modulating the charge transport properties of two-dimensional layered framework materials, decoupling the charge transport processes within and in between layers is of paramount importance, yet it represents a significant challenge. Unfortunately, 2D c-MOFs systems developed so far have failed to address such a major research target, which can be achieved solely by manipulating charge transport properties in 2D c-MOFs. 2D c-MOFs offer a significant advantage over organic radical molecules and covalent organic frameworks: polymerization through oxidative coordination is a viable route to form "spin-concentrated assemblies". However, the role of these spin centers in charge transport processes is still poorly understood, and the intrinsic dynamics and properties of these spins have seldom been investigated. Consequently, overcoming these challenges is essential to unlock the full potential of 2D c-MOFs in electronics and other related fields, as a new type of quantum materials.In this Account, we summarize and discuss our group's efforts to achieve full control at the atomic level over the structure of 2D c-MOFs and their applications in electronics and spintronics, thereby providing distinct evidence on 2D c-MOFs as a promising platform for exploring novel quantum phenomena. First, we unravel the key role played by the rational design of the ligands to decrease the boundary defects, achieve atomically precise large single crystals, and investigate the intrinsic charge transport properties of 2D c-MOFs. The advantages and disadvantages of the current structural elucidation strategies will be discussed. Second, the fundamental challenge in 2D c-MOF charge transport studies is to decouple the in-plane and interlayer charge transport pathways and achieve precise tuning of the charge transport properties in 2D c-MOFs. To address this challenge, we propose a design concept for the second-generation conjugated ligands, termed "programmable conjugated ligands", to replace the current first-generation ligands which lack modifiability as they mainly consist of sp2 hybridization atoms. Our efforts also extend to controlling the spin dynamics properties of 2D c-MOFs as "spin concentrated assemblies" using a bottom-up strategy.We hope this Account provides enlightening fundamental insights and practical strategies to overcome the major challenges of 2D c-MOFs for electronics and spintronics. Through the rational design of structural modulation within the 2D plane and interlayer interactions, we are committed to making significant steps forward for boosting the functional complexity of this blooming family of materials, thereby opening clear perspectives toward their practical application in electronics with the ultimate goal of inspiring further development of 2D c-MOFs and unleashing their full potential as an emerging quantum material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Lu
- Université
de Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS, UMR
7006, 8 Alleé Gaspard
Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- Max
Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
- Center
for Advancing Electronics Dresden and Faculty of Chemistry and Food
Chemistry, Technische Universität
Dresden, 01067 Dresden, Germany
| | - Paolo Samorì
- Université
de Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS, UMR
7006, 8 Alleé Gaspard
Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Max
Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
- Center
for Advancing Electronics Dresden and Faculty of Chemistry and Food
Chemistry, Technische Universität
Dresden, 01067 Dresden, Germany
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2
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Li Q, Huang JD, Liu T, van der Pol TPA, Zhang Q, Jeong SY, Stoeckel MA, Wu HY, Zhang S, Liu X, Woo HY, Fahlman M, Yang CY, Fabiano S. A Highly Conductive n-Type Conjugated Polymer Synthesized in Water. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:15860-15868. [PMID: 38814791 PMCID: PMC11177263 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c02270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) is a benchmark hole-transporting (p-type) polymer that finds applications in diverse electronic devices. Most of its success is due to its facile synthesis in water, exceptional processability from aqueous solutions, and outstanding electrical performance in ambient. Applications in fields like (opto-)electronics, bioelectronics, and energy harvesting/storage devices often necessitate the complementary use of both p-type and n-type (electron-transporting) materials. However, the availability of n-type materials amenable to water-based polymerization and processing remains limited. Herein, we present a novel synthesis method enabling direct polymerization in water, yielding a highly conductive, water-processable n-type conjugated polymer, namely, poly[(2,2'-(2,5-dihydroxy-1,4-phenylene)diacetic acid)-stat-3,7-dihydrobenzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']difuran-2,6-dione] (PDADF), with remarkable electrical conductivity as high as 66 S cm-1, ranking among the highest for n-type polymers processed using green solvents. The new n-type polymer PDADF also exhibits outstanding stability, maintaining 90% of its initial conductivity after 146 days of storage in air. Our synthetic approach, along with the novel polymer it yields, promises significant advancements for the sustainable development of organic electronic materials and devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qifan Li
- Laboratory
of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-60174 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Jun-Da Huang
- Laboratory
of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-60174 Norrköping, Sweden
- Wallenberg
Wood Science Center, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-60174 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Tiefeng Liu
- Laboratory
of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-60174 Norrköping, Sweden
- Wallenberg
Initiative Materials Science for Sustainability, Department of Science
and Technology, Linköping University, SE-60174 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Tom P. A. van der Pol
- Laboratory
of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-60174 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Qilun Zhang
- Laboratory
of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-60174 Norrköping, Sweden
- Wallenberg
Wood Science Center, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-60174 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Sang Young Jeong
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, Korea
University, Seoul 136-713, Republic
of Korea
| | - Marc-Antoine Stoeckel
- Laboratory
of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-60174 Norrköping, Sweden
- Wallenberg
Initiative Materials Science for Sustainability, Department of Science
and Technology, Linköping University, SE-60174 Norrköping, Sweden
- n-Ink AB, Bredgatan 33, SE-60221 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Han-Yan Wu
- Laboratory
of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-60174 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Silan Zhang
- Laboratory
of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-60174 Norrköping, Sweden
- Wallenberg
Wood Science Center, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-60174 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Xianjie Liu
- Laboratory
of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-60174 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Han Young Woo
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, Korea
University, Seoul 136-713, Republic
of Korea
| | - Mats Fahlman
- Laboratory
of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-60174 Norrköping, Sweden
- Wallenberg
Wood Science Center, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-60174 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Chi-Yuan Yang
- Laboratory
of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-60174 Norrköping, Sweden
- n-Ink AB, Bredgatan 33, SE-60221 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Simone Fabiano
- Laboratory
of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-60174 Norrköping, Sweden
- Wallenberg
Wood Science Center, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-60174 Norrköping, Sweden
- Wallenberg
Initiative Materials Science for Sustainability, Department of Science
and Technology, Linköping University, SE-60174 Norrköping, Sweden
- n-Ink AB, Bredgatan 33, SE-60221 Norrköping, Sweden
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3
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Wang C, Guo K, Deng Y, Geng Y. Design Strategy for the Synthesis of Self-Doped n-Type Molecules. Chempluschem 2024:e202400286. [PMID: 38858773 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202400286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
n-Type organic conductive molecules play a significant role in organic electronics. Self-doping can increase the carrier concentration within the materials to improve the conductivity without the need for additional intentional dopants. This review focuses on the various strategies employed in the synthesis of self-doped n-type molecules, and provides an overview of the doping mechanisms. By elucidating these mechanisms, the review aims to establish the relationship between molecular structure and electronic properties. Furthermore, the review outlines the current applications of self-doped n-type molecules in the field of organic electronics, highlighting their performance and potential in various devices. It also offers insights into the future development of self-doped materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuits, Ministry of Education, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), 300072, Tianjin, P. R. China
| | - Kai Guo
- Schools of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, 255000, Zibo, China
| | - Yunfeng Deng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuits, Ministry of Education, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), 300072, Tianjin, P. R. China
- Joint School of National University of Singapore, Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, 350207, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yanhou Geng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuits, Ministry of Education, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), 300072, Tianjin, P. R. China
- Joint School of National University of Singapore, Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, 350207, Fuzhou, China
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4
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Yu ZD, Lu Y, Yao ZF, Wu HT, Wang ZY, Pan CK, Wang JY, Pei J. Buffer Chain Model for Understanding Crystallization Competition in Conjugated Polymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202405139. [PMID: 38588277 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202405139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
It remains challenging to comprehensively understand the packing models of conjugated polymers, in which side chains play extremely critical roles. The side chains are typically flexible and non-conductive and are widely used to improve the polymer solubility in organic solutions. Herein, a buffer chain model is proposed to describe link between conjugated backbone and side chains for understanding the relationship of crystallization competition of conductive conjugated backbones and non-conductive side chains. A longer buffer chain is beneficial for alleviating such crystallization competition and further promoting the spontaneous packing of conjugated backbones, resulting in enhanced charge transport properties. Our results provide a novel concept for designing conjugated polymers towards ordered organization and enhanced electronic properties and highlight the importance of balancing the competitive interactions between different parts of conjugated polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Di Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yang Lu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Ze-Fan Yao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Hao-Tian Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Zi-Yuan Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Chen-Kai Pan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jie-Yu Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jian Pei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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5
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Shen T, Liu D, Zhang J, Wei Z, Wang Y. A High-Mobility n-Type Noncovalently-Fused-Ring Polymer for High-Performance Organic Thermoelectrics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202409018. [PMID: 38856227 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202409018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Conjugated polymers are emerging as competitive candidates for organic thermoelectrics (OTEs). However, to make the device truly pervasive, both p- and n-type conjugated polymers are essential. Despite great efforts, no n-type equivalents to the p-type benchmark PEDOT:PSS exist to date mainly due to the low electrical conductivity (σ). Herein, a near-amorphous n-type conjugated polymer, namely pDFSe, is reported with high σ by achieving the synergy between charge transport and doping efficiency. The polymer pDFSe is synthesized based on an acceptor-triad moiety of diketopyrrolopyrrole-difluorobenzoselenadiazole-diketopyrrolopyrrole (DFSe), which has the noncovalently-fused-ring structure to reinforce the backbone rigidity. Furthermore, an axisymmetric thiophene-selenophene-thiophene donor is introduced, which enables the formation of near-amorphous microstructures. The above merits ensure good doping efficiency without scarifying efficient intrachain charge-carrier transport. Thus, pDFSe-based n-type transistors exhibit high electron mobility up to 6.15 cm2 V-1 s-1, much higher than its reference polymer pDSe without the noncovalently-fused-ring structure (0.77 cm2 V-1 s-1). Further upon n-doping, pDFSe demonstrates excellent σ of 62.6 S cm-1 and maximum power factor of 133.1 μW m-1 K-2, which are among the highest values reported for solution-processed n-type polymers. The results demonstrate the great potential of near-amorphous n-type conjugated polymers with noncovalently-fused-ring structure for the next-generation OTEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Songhu Road 2005, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Di Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Songhu Road 2005, Shanghai, 200438, China
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Songhu Road 2005, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Jianqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Zhixiang Wei
- Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Materials Science, Fudan University, Songhu Road 2005, Shanghai, 200438, China
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6
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Shao B, Chen Z, Su H, Peng S, Song M. The Latest Advances in Ink-Based Nanogenerators: From Materials to Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6152. [PMID: 38892343 PMCID: PMC11172637 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Nanogenerators possess the capability to harvest faint energy from the environment. Among them, thermoelectric (TE), triboelectric, piezoelectric (PE), and moisture-enabled nanogenerators represent promising approaches to micro-nano energy collection. These nanogenerators have seen considerable progress in material optimization and structural design. Printing technology has facilitated the large-scale manufacturing of nanogenerators. Although inks can be compatible with most traditional functional materials, this inevitably leads to a decrease in the electrical performance of the materials, necessitating control over the rheological properties of the inks. Furthermore, printing technology offers increased structural design flexibility. This review provides a comprehensive framework for ink-based nanogenerators, encompassing ink material optimization and device structural design, including improvements in ink performance, control of rheological properties, and efficient energy harvesting structures. Additionally, it highlights ink-based nanogenerators that incorporate textile technology and hybrid energy technologies, reviewing their latest advancements in energy collection and self-powered sensing. The discussion also addresses the main challenges faced and future directions for development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingqian Shao
- School of Applied Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (B.S.); (Z.C.); (H.S.); (S.P.)
| | - Zhitao Chen
- School of Applied Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (B.S.); (Z.C.); (H.S.); (S.P.)
| | - Hengzhe Su
- School of Applied Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (B.S.); (Z.C.); (H.S.); (S.P.)
| | - Shuzhe Peng
- School of Applied Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (B.S.); (Z.C.); (H.S.); (S.P.)
| | - Mingxin Song
- School of Electronic Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
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7
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Gao Y, Ke Y, Wang T, Shi Y, Wang C, Ding S, Wang Y, Deng Y, Hu W, Geng Y. An n-Type Conjugated Polymer with Low Crystallinity for High-Performance Organic Thermoelectrics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202402642. [PMID: 38453641 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202402642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Conjugated polymers (CPs) with low crystallinity are promising candidates for application in organic thermoelectrics (OTEs), particularly in flexible devices, because the disordered structures of these CPs can effectively accommodate dopants and ensure robust resistance to bending. However, n-doped CPs usually exhibit poor thermoelectric performance, which hinders the development of high-performance thermoelectric generators. Herein, we report an n-type CP (ThDPP-CNBTz) comprising two acceptor units: a thiophene-flanked diketopyrrolopyrrole and a cyano-functionalized benzothiadiazole. ThDPP-CNBTz shows a low LUMO energy level of below -4.20 eV and features low crystallinity, enabling high doping efficiency. Moreover, the dual-acceptor design enhances polaron delocalization, resulting in good thermoelectric performance. After n-doping, ThDPP-CNBTz exhibits an average electrical conductivity (σ) of 50.6 S cm-1 and a maximum power factor (PF) of 126.8 μW m-1 K-2, which is among the highest values reported for solution-processed n-type CPs to date. Additionally, a solution-processed flexible OTE device based on doped ThDPP-CNBTz exhibits a maximum PF of 70 μW m-1 K-2; the flexible device also shows remarkable resistance to bending strain, with only a marginal change in σ after 600 bending cycles. The findings presented in this work will advance the development of n-type CPs for OTE devices, and flexible devices in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuexin Gao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuits, Ministry of Education, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, P.R. China
| | - Yunzhe Ke
- Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuits, Ministry of Education and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P.R. China
| | - Tianzuo Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuits, Ministry of Education, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, P.R. China
| | - Yibo Shi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuits, Ministry of Education, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuits, Ministry of Education, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, P.R. China
| | - Shuaishuai Ding
- Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuits, Ministry of Education and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P.R. China
| | - Yupu Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuits, Ministry of Education, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, P.R. China
| | - Yunfeng Deng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuits, Ministry of Education, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, P.R. China
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350207, China
| | - Wenping Hu
- Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuits, Ministry of Education and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Molecular Aggregation Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, P.R. China
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350207, China
| | - Yanhou Geng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Key Laboratory of Organic Integrated Circuits, Ministry of Education, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, P.R. China
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350207, China
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8
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Xu C, Wang D. Theoretical Perspective of Enhancing Order in n-Doped Thermoelectric Polymers through Side Chain Engineering: The Interplay of Counterion-Backbone Interaction and Side Chain Steric Hindrance. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:1776-1783. [PMID: 38284760 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c04829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Donor-acceptor (D-A) copolymers doped with n-type dopants are widely sought after for their potential in organic thermoelectric devices. However, the existing structural disorder significantly hampers their charge transport and thermoelectric performance. In this Letter, we propose a mechanism to mitigate this disorder through side chain engineering. Utilizing molecular dynamics simulations, we demonstrate that strong Coulomb interactions between counterions and charged polymer backbones induce a transition in the stacking arrangement of the polymer backbones from a slipped to a vertical configuration. However, the presence of side chain steric hindrance impedes the formation of closely packed and ordered vertical stacking arrangements, resulting in greater distances between adjacent backbones and a higher level of structural disorder in the doped films. Therefore, we propose minimizing side chain steric hindrance to enhance the structural order in doped films. Our findings provide essential insights for advancing high-performance thermoelectric polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlin Xu
- Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Organic OptoElectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Wang
- Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Organic OptoElectronics and Molecular Engineering, Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
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9
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Deng S, Kuang Y, Liu L, Liu X, Liu J, Li J, Meng B, Di CA, Hu J, Liu J. High-Performance and Ecofriendly Organic Thermoelectrics Enabled by N-Type Polythiophene Derivatives with Doping-Induced Molecular Order. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2309679. [PMID: 38051134 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202309679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
The ability of n-type polymer thermoelectric materials to tolerate high doping loading limits further development of n-type polymer conductivity. Herein, two alcohol-soluble n-type polythiophene derivatives that are n-PT3 and n-PT4 are reported. Due to the ability of two polymers to tolerate doping loading more significantly than 100 mol%, both achieve electrical conductivity >100 S cm-1 . Moreover, the conductivity of both polythiophenes remains almost constant at high doping concentrations with excellent doping tunability, which may be related to their ability to overcome charging-induced backbone torsion and morphology change caused by saturated doping. The characterizations reveal that n-PT4 has a high doping level and carrier concentration (>3.10 × 1020 cm-3 ), and the carrier concentration continues to increase as the doping concentration increases. In addition, doping leads to improved crystal structure of n-PT4, and the crystallinity does not decrease significantly with increasing doping concentration; even the carrier mobility increases with it. The synergistic effect of these two leads to both n-PT3 and n-PT4 achieving a breakthrough of 100 in conductivity and power factor. The DMlmC-doped n-PT4 achieves a power factor of over 150 µW m-1 K-2 . These values are among the highest for n-type organic thermoelectric materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihui Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Yazhuo Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Liyao Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Xinyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Jian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Jingyu Li
- Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology, Northeast Normal University, Ministry of Education, Changchun, 130024, P. R. China
| | - Bin Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Chong-An Di
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Junli Hu
- Key Laboratory of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology, Northeast Normal University, Ministry of Education, Changchun, 130024, P. R. China
| | - Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
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10
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Lu Y, Hu Z, Petkov P, Fu S, Qi H, Huang C, Liu Y, Huang X, Wang M, Zhang P, Kaiser U, Bonn M, Wang HI, Samorì P, Coronado E, Dong R, Feng X. Tunable Charge Transport and Spin Dynamics in Two-Dimensional Conjugated Metal-Organic Frameworks. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:2574-2582. [PMID: 38231138 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c11172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Two-dimensional conjugated metal-organic frameworks (2D c-MOFs) have attracted increasing interest in electronics due to their (semi)conducting properties. Charge-neutral 2D c-MOFs also possess persistent organic radicals that can be viewed as spin-concentrated arrays, affording new opportunities for spintronics. However, the strong π-interaction between neighboring layers of layer-stacked 2D c-MOFs annihilates active spin centers and significantly accelerates spin relaxation, severely limiting their potential as spin qubits. Herein, we report the precise tuning of the charge transport and spin dynamics in 2D c-MOFs via the control of interlayer stacking. The introduction of bulky side groups on the conjugated ligands enables a significant dislocation of the 2D c-MOFs layers from serrated stacking to staggered stacking, thereby spatially weakening the interlayer interactions. As a consequence, the electrical conductivity of 2D c-MOFs decreases by 6 orders of magnitude, while the spin density achieves more than a 30-fold increase and the spin-lattice relaxation time (T1) is increased up to ∼60 μs, hence being superior to the reference 2D c-MOFs with compact stackings whose spin relaxation is too fast to be detected. Spin dynamics results also reveal that spinless polaron pairs or bipolarons play critical roles in the charge transport of these 2D c-MOFs. Our strategy provides a bottom-up approach for enlarging spin dynamics in 2D c-MOFs, opening up pathways for developing MOF-based spintronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Lu
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01067 Dresden, Germany
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS, UMR 7006, 8 Alleé Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Ziqi Hu
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universitat de València, 46980 Paterna, Spain
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Anhui Laboratory of Advanced Photon Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026 Hefei, China
| | - Petko Petkov
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sofia, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Shuai Fu
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01067 Dresden, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Haoyuan Qi
- Central Facility for Electron Microscopy, Electron Microscopy of Materials Science, Universität Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Chuanhui Huang
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01067 Dresden, Germany
| | - Yannan Liu
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Xing Huang
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Mingchao Wang
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01067 Dresden, Germany
| | - Peng Zhang
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01067 Dresden, Germany
| | - Ute Kaiser
- Central Facility for Electron Microscopy, Electron Microscopy of Materials Science, Universität Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Mischa Bonn
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Hai I Wang
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Nanophotonics, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Paolo Samorì
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS, UMR 7006, 8 Alleé Gaspard Monge, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Eugenio Coronado
- Instituto de Ciencia Molecular (ICMol), Universitat de València, 46980 Paterna, Spain
| | - Renhao Dong
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01067 Dresden, Germany
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, 250100 Jinan, China
| | - Xinliang Feng
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
- Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden and Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01067 Dresden, Germany
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11
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Yang W, Feng K, Ma S, Liu B, Wang Y, Ding R, Jeong SY, Woo HY, Chan PKL, Guo X. High-Performance n-Type Polymeric Mixed Ionic-Electronic Conductors: The Impacts of Halogen Functionalization. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2305416. [PMID: 37572077 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202305416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Developing high-performance n-type polymer mixed ionic-electronic conductors (PMIECs) is a grand challenge, which largely determines their applications in vaious organic electronic devices, such as organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) and organic thermoelectrics (OTEs). Herein, two halogen-functionalized PMIECs f-BTI2g-TVTF and f-BTI2g-TVTCl built from fused bithiophene imide dimer (f-BTI2) as the acceptor unit and halogenated thienylene-vinylene-thienylene (TVT) as the donor co-unit are reported. Compared to the control polymer f-BTI2g-TVT, the fluorinated f-BTI2g-TVTF shows lower-positioned lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO), improved charge transport property, and greater ion uptake capacity. Consequently, f-BTI2g-TVTF delivers a state-of-the-art µC* of 90.2 F cm-1 V-1 s-1 with a remarkable electron mobility of 0.41 cm2 V-1 s-1 in OECTs and an excellent power factor of 64.2 µW m-1 K-2 in OTEs. An OECT-based inverter amplifier is further demonstrated with voltage gain up to 148 V V-1 , which is among the highest values for OECT inverters. Such results shed light on the impacts of halogen atoms on developing high-performing n-type PMIECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanli Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Kui Feng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Suxiang Ma
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yimei Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Riqing Ding
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Sang Young Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Anamro 145, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Young Woo
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Anamro 145, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Paddy Kwok Leung Chan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Advanced Biomedical Instrumentation Centre, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Shatin, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Xugang Guo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, China
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12
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Feng K, Wang J, Jeong SY, Yang W, Li J, Woo HY, Guo X. High-Performance n-Type Organic Thermoelectrics Enabled by Synergistically Achieving High Electron Mobility and Doping Efficiency. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2302629. [PMID: 37553779 PMCID: PMC10582446 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202302629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
n-Doped polymers with high electrical conductivity (σ) are still very scarce in organic thermoelectrics (OTEs), which limits the development of efficient organic thermoelectric generators. A series of fused bithiophene imide dimer-based polymers, PO8, PO12, and PO16, incorporating distinct oligo(ethylene glycol) side-chain to optimize σ is reported here. Three polymers show a monotonic electron mobility decrease as side-chain size increasing due to the gradually lowered film crystallinity and change of backbone orientation. Interestingly, polymer PO12 with a moderate side-chain size delivers a champion σ up to 92.0 S cm-1 and a power factor (PF) as high as 94.3 µW m-1 K-2 in the series when applied in OTE devices. The PF value is among the highest ones for the solution-processing n-doped polymers. In-depth morphology studies unravel that the moderate crystallinity and the formation of 3D conduction channel derived from bimodal orientation synergistically contribute to high doping efficiency and large charge carrier mobility, thus resulting in high performance for the PO12-based OTEs. The results demonstrate the great power of simple tuning of side chain in developing n-type polymers with substantial σ for improving organic thermoelectric performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui Feng
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenGuangdong518055China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary StudiesSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenGuangdong518055China
| | - Junwei Wang
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenGuangdong518055China
| | - Sang Young Jeong
- Department of ChemistryKorea UniversityAnamro 145Seoul02841Republic of Korea
| | - Wanli Yang
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenGuangdong518055China
| | - Jianfeng Li
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenGuangdong518055China
| | - Han Young Woo
- Department of ChemistryKorea UniversityAnamro 145Seoul02841Republic of Korea
| | - Xugang Guo
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringSouthern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenGuangdong518055China
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13
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Deng S, Liu J, Meng B, Liu J, Wang L. A Highly Conductive n-Type Polythiophene Derivative: Effect of Molecular Weight on n-Doping Behavior and Thermoelectric Performance. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:45190-45200. [PMID: 37703173 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c10601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Here, we examine the impact of the molecular weight of an n-type conjugated polymer (n-PT2) on molecular doping and thermoelectric parameters. Two common dopants TDAE and N-DMBI with different doping mechanisms are used for molecular doping of n-PT2. It turns out that n-PT2 with a higher molecular weight is more miscible with the dopant, leading to more charge carriers. Moreover, the crystal structures and morphology of n-PT2 with a higher molecular weight are more tolerant against the intrusion of dopant molecules and charging. Finally, these factors work in synergy to endow the doped n-PT2 with the best conductivity and power factor (144 S cm-1/75.0 μW m-1 K-2 and 75.4 S cm-1/98.5 μW m-1 K-2 after doping by TDAE and N-DMBI, respectively). This study indicates that regulating the molecular weight allows for synergistic regulation of conductivity and Seebeck coefficient and is a feasible means to improve the performance for a given n-type organic thermoelectric material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihui Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Jian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Bin Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Lixiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
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14
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Dai Q, Pei M, Guo J, Wang Q, Hao Z, Wang H, Li Y, Li L, Lu K, Yan Y, Shi Y, Li Y. Integration of image preprocessing and recognition functions in an optoelectronic coupling organic ferroelectric retinomorphic neuristor. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2023; 10:3061-3071. [PMID: 37218409 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh00429e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The human visual system (HVS) has the advantages of a low power consumption and high efficiency because of the synchronous perception and early preprocessing of external image information in the retina, as well as parallel in-memory computing within the visual cortex. Realizing the biofunction simulation of the retina and visual cortex in a single device structure provides opportunities for performance improvements and machine vision system (MVS) integration. Here, we fabricate organic ferroelectric retinomorphic neuristors that integrate the retina-like preprocessing function and recognition of the visual cortex in a single device architecture. Benefiting from the electrical/optical coupling modulation of ferroelectric polarization, our devices show a bidirectional photoresponse that acts as the basis for mimicking retinal preconditioning and multi-level memory capabilities for recognition. The MVS based on the proposed retinomorphic neuristors achieves a high recognition accuracy of ∼90%, which is 20% higher than that of the incomplete system without the preprocessing function. In addition, we successfully demonstrate image encryption and optical programming logic gate functions. Our work suggests that the proposed retinomorphic neuristors offer great potential for MVS monolithic integration and functional expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinyong Dai
- National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China.
| | - Mengjiao Pei
- National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China.
| | - Jianhang Guo
- National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China.
| | - Qijing Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China.
| | - Ziqian Hao
- National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China.
| | - Hengyuan Wang
- National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China.
| | - Yating Li
- National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China.
| | - Longfei Li
- National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China.
| | - Kuakua Lu
- National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China.
| | - Yang Yan
- National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China.
| | - Yi Shi
- National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China.
| | - Yun Li
- National Laboratory of Solid-State Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, P. R. China.
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15
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Zhou YY, Xu YC, Yao ZF, Li JY, Pan CK, Lu Y, Yang CY, Ding L, Xiao BF, Wang XY, Shao Y, Zhang WB, Wang JY, Wang H, Pei J. Visualizing the multi-level assembly structures of conjugated molecular systems with chain-length dependent behavior. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3340. [PMID: 37286537 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39133-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
It remains challenging to understand the structural evolution of conjugated polymers from single chains to solvated aggregates and film microstructures, although it underpins the performance of optoelectrical devices fabricated via the mainstream solution processing method. With several ensemble visual measurements, here we unravel the morphological evolution process of a model system of isoindigo-based conjugated molecules, including the hidden molecular assembly pathways, the mesoscale network formation, and their unorthodox chain dependence. Short chains show rigid chain conformations forming discrete aggregates in solution, which further grow to form a highly ordered film that exhibits poor electrical performance. In contrast, long chains exhibit flexible chain conformations, creating interlinked aggregates networks in solution, which are directly imprinted into films, forming interconnective solid-state microstructure with excellent electrical performance. Visualizing multi-level assembly structures of conjugated molecules provides a deep understanding of the inheritance of assemblies from solution to solid-state, accelerating the optimization of device fabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Yang Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center or Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yu-Chun Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center or Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Ze-Fan Yao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center or Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jia-Ye Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center or Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Chen-Kai Pan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center or Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yang Lu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center or Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Chi-Yuan Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center or Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Li Ding
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center or Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Bu-Fan Xiao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center or Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xin-Yi Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center or Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yu Shao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center or Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Wen-Bin Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center or Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jie-Yu Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center or Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Huan Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center or Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jian Pei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center or Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
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16
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Yuan D, Liu W, Zhu X. Efficient and air-stable n-type doping in organic semiconductors. Chem Soc Rev 2023. [PMID: 37183967 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs01027e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Chemical doping of organic semiconductors (OSCs) enables feasible tuning of carrier concentration, charge mobility, and energy levels, which is critical for the applications of OSCs in organic electronic devices. However, in comparison with p-type doping, n-type doping has lagged far behind. The achievement of efficient and air-stable n-type doping in OSCs would help to significantly improve electron transport and device performance, and endow new functionalities, which are, therefore, gaining increasing attention currently. In this review, the issue of doping efficiency and doping air stability in n-type doped OSCs was carefully addressed. We first clarified the main factors that influenced chemical doping efficiency in n-type OSCs and then explain the origin of instability in n-type doped films under ambient conditions. Doping microstructure, charge transfer, and dissociation efficiency were found to determine the overall doping efficiency, which could be precisely tuned by molecular design and post treatments. To further enhance the air stability of n-doped OSCs, design strategies such as tuning the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy level, charge delocalization, intermolecular stacking, in situ n-doping, and self-encapsulations are discussed. Moreover, the applications of n-type doping in advanced organic electronics, such as solar cells, light-emitting diodes, field-effect transistors, and thermoelectrics are being introduced. Finally, an outlook is provided on novel doping ways and material systems that are aimed at stable and efficient n-type doped OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dafei Yuan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Wuyue Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaozhang Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, P. R. China.
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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17
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Ren S, Yassar A. Recent Research Progress in Indophenine-Based-Functional Materials: Design, Synthesis, and Optoelectronic Applications. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:2474. [PMID: 36984354 PMCID: PMC10056103 DOI: 10.3390/ma16062474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This review highlights selected examples, published in the last three to four years, of recent advance in the design, synthesis, properties, and device performance of quinoidal π-conjugated materials. A particular emphasis is placed on emerging materials, such as indophenine dyes that have the potential to enable high-performance devices. We specifically discuss the recent advances and design guidelines of π-conjugated quinoidal molecules from a chemical standpoint. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this review is the first compilation of literature on indophenine-based semiconducting materials covering their scope, limitations, and applications. In the first section, we briefly introduce some of the organic electronic devices that are the basic building blocks for certain applications involving organic semiconductors (OSCs). We introduce the definition of key performance parameters of three organic devices: organic field effect transistors (OFET), organic photovoltaics (OPV), and organic thermoelectric generators (TE). In section two, we review recent progress towards the synthesis of quinoidal semiconducting materials. Our focus will be on indophenine family that has never been reviewed. We discuss the relationship between structural properties and energy levels in this family of molecules. The last section reports the effect of structural modifications on the performance of devices: OFET, OPV and TE. In this review, we provide a general insight into the association between the molecular structure and electronic properties in quinoidal materials, encompassing both small molecules and polymers. We also believe that this review offers benefits to the organic electronics and photovoltaic communities, by shedding light on current trends in the synthesis and progression of promising novel building blocks. This can provide guidance for synthesizing new generations of quinoidal or diradical materials with tunable optoelectronic properties and more outstanding charge carrier mobility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiwei Ren
- Zhuhai Fudan Innovation Institution, Guangdong-Macao In-Depth Cooperation Zone in Hengqin, Guangdong 519000, China;
| | - Abderrahim Yassar
- LPICM, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91128 Palaiseau, France
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18
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Zhang Y, Deng L, Cho Y, Lee J, Shibayama N, Zhang Z, Wang C, Hu Z, Wang J, Wu F, Chen L, Du Y, Ren F, Yang C, Gao P. Revealing the Enhanced Thermoelectric Properties of Controllably Doped Donor-Acceptor Copolymer: The Impact of Regioregularity. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2206233. [PMID: 36592416 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202206233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Albeit considerable attention to the fast-developing organic thermoelectric (OTE) materials due to their flexibility and non-toxic features, it is still challenging to design an OTE polymer with superior thermoelectric properties. In this work, two "isomorphic" donor-acceptor (D-A) conjugated polymers are studied as the semiconductor in OTE devices, revealing for the first time the internal mechanism of regioregularity on thermoelectric performances in D-A type polymers. A higher molecular structure regularity can lead to higher crystalline order and mobility, higher doping efficiency, order of energy state, and thermoelectric (TE) performance. As a result, the regioregular P2F exhibits a maximum power factor (PF) of up to 113.27 µW m-1 K-2 , more than three times that of the regiorandom PRF (35.35 µW m-1 K-2 ). However, the regular backbone also implies lower miscibility with a dopant, negatively affecting TE performance. Therefore, the trade-off between doping efficiency and miscibility plays a vital role in OTE materials, and this work sheds light on the molecular design strategy of OTE polymers with state-of-the-art performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingyao Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
- Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Longhui Deng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
- Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Yongjoon Cho
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, 44919, Ulsan, South Korea
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Jungho Lee
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, 44919, Ulsan, South Korea
- Samsung Electro-Mechanics Co, Ltd., 150, Maeyeong-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16674, Republic of Korea
| | - Naoyuki Shibayama
- Naoyuki Shibayama, Department of Engineering, Toin University of Yokohama, 1614 Kurogane-cho, Aoba, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 225-8503, Japan
| | - Zilong Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
- Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Can Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
- Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Zhenyu Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
- Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, 330031, Nanchang, China
| | - Feiyan Wu
- College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, 330031, Nanchang, China
| | - Lie Chen
- College of Chemistry, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, 330031, Nanchang, China
| | - Yitian Du
- Institute of Materials Physical Chemistry, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Fangbin Ren
- Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, 361024, China
| | - Changduk Yang
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, 44919, Ulsan, South Korea
- Graduate School of Carbon Neutrality, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, 44919, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Peng Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China
- Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Haixi Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, China
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19
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Yu ZD, Lu Y, Wang ZY, Un HI, Zelewski SJ, Cui Y, You HY, Liu Y, Xie KF, Yao ZF, He YC, Wang JY, Hu WB, Sirringhaus H, Pei J. High n-type and p-type conductivities and power factors achieved in a single conjugated polymer. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadf3495. [PMID: 36827372 PMCID: PMC9956111 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf3495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The charge transport properties of conjugated polymers are commonly limited by the energetic disorder. Recently, several amorphous conjugated polymers with planar backbone conformations and low energetic disorder have been investigated for applications in field-effect transistors and thermoelectrics. However, there is a lack of strategy to finely tune the interchain π-π contacts of these polymers that severely restricts the energetic disorder of interchain charge transport. Here, we demonstrate that it is feasible to achieve excellent conductivity and thermoelectric performance in polymers based on thiophene-fused benzodifurandione oligo(p-phenylenevinylene) through reducing the crystallization rate of side chains and, in this way, carefully controlling the degree of interchain π-π contacts. N-type (p-type) conductivities of more than 100 S cm-1 (400 S cm-1) and power factors of more than 200 μW m-1 K-2 (100 μW m-1 K-2) were achieved within a single polymer doped by different dopants. It further demonstrated the state-of-the-art power output of the first flexible single-polymer thermoelectric generator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Di Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yang Lu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zi-Yuan Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Hio-Ieng Un
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Szymon J. Zelewski
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
- Department of Semiconductor Materials Engineering, Faculty of Fundamental Problems of Technology, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, Wrocław 50-370, Poland
| | - Ying Cui
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Lab of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hao-Yang You
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ke-Feng Xie
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Lab of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ze-Fan Yao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yu-Cheng He
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Lab of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jie-Yu Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wen-Bing Hu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Lab of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Henning Sirringhaus
- Optoelectronics Group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Jian Pei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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20
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Sun F, Jiang H, Wang H, Zhong Y, Xu Y, Xing Y, Yu M, Feng LW, Tang Z, Liu J, Sun H, Wang H, Wang G, Zhu M. Soft Fiber Electronics Based on Semiconducting Polymer. Chem Rev 2023; 123:4693-4763. [PMID: 36753731 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Fibers, originating from nature and mastered by human, have woven their way throughout the entire history of human civilization. Recent developments in semiconducting polymer materials have further endowed fibers and textiles with various electronic functions, which are attractive in applications such as information interfacing, personalized medicine, and clean energy. Owing to their ability to be easily integrated into daily life, soft fiber electronics based on semiconducting polymers have gained popularity recently for wearable and implantable applications. Herein, we present a review of the previous and current progress in semiconducting polymer-based fiber electronics, particularly focusing on smart-wearable and implantable areas. First, we provide a brief overview of semiconducting polymers from the viewpoint of materials based on the basic concepts and functionality requirements of different devices. Then we analyze the existing applications and associated devices such as information interfaces, healthcare and medicine, and energy conversion and storage. The working principle and performance of semiconducting polymer-based fiber devices are summarized. Furthermore, we focus on the fabrication techniques of fiber devices. Based on the continuous fabrication of one-dimensional fiber and yarn, we introduce two- and three-dimensional fabric fabricating methods. Finally, we review challenges and relevant perspectives and potential solutions to address the related problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengqiang Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
- Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, China
| | - Hao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Haoyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yueheng Zhong
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yiman Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yi Xing
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Muhuo Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Lightweight Structural Composites, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Liang-Wen Feng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Zheng Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
- Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Jun Liu
- National Key Laboratory on Electromagnetic Environment Effects and Electro-Optical Engineering, Nanjing 210007, China
| | - Hengda Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Hongzhi Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Meifang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
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21
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Ghosh R, Paesani F. Connecting the dots for fundamental understanding of structure-photophysics-property relationships of COFs, MOFs, and perovskites using a Multiparticle Holstein Formalism. Chem Sci 2023; 14:1040-1064. [PMID: 36756323 PMCID: PMC9891456 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc03793a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Photoactive organic and hybrid organic-inorganic materials such as conjugated polymers, covalent organic frameworks (COFs), metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), and layered perovskites, display intriguing photophysical signatures upon interaction with light. Elucidating structure-photophysics-property relationships across a broad range of functional materials is nontrivial and requires our fundamental understanding of the intricate interplay among excitons (electron-hole pair), polarons (charges), bipolarons, phonons (vibrations), inter-layer stacking interactions, and different forms of structural and conformational defects. In parallel with electronic structure modeling and data-driven science that are actively pursued to successfully accelerate materials discovery, an accurate, computationally inexpensive, and physically-motivated theoretical model, which consistently makes quantitative connections with conceptually complicated experimental observations, is equally important. Within this context, the first part of this perspective highlights a unified theoretical framework in which the electronic coupling as well as the local coupling between the electronic and nuclear degrees of freedom can be efficiently described for a broad range of quasiparticles with similarly structured Holstein-style vibronic Hamiltonians. The second part of this perspective discusses excitonic and polaronic photophysical signatures in polymers, COFs, MOFs, and perovskites, and attempts to bridge the gap between different research fields using a common theoretical construct - the Multiparticle Holstein Formalism. We envision that the synergistic integration of state-of-the-art computational approaches with the Multiparticle Holstein Formalism will help identify and establish new, transformative design strategies that will guide the synthesis and characterization of next-generation energy materials optimized for a broad range of optoelectronic, spintronic, and photonic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California La Jolla San Diego California 92093 USA
| | - Francesco Paesani
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California La Jolla San Diego California 92093 USA
- San Diego Supercomputer Center, University of California La Jolla San Diego California 92093 USA
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of California La Jolla San Diego California 92093 USA
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22
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Li Y. Facilely synthesized n-type conducting polymer with solution processability, ultra-high conductivity and high stability. Natl Sci Rev 2023; 10:nwad011. [PMID: 36872931 PMCID: PMC9977346 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwad011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yongfang Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
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23
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Wang C, Gao P. ‘Radicalize’ the Performance of Perovskite Solar Cells with Radical Compounds. Chem Res Chin Univ 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s40242-023-2327-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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24
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Liu Y, Lu Y, Ding L, Pan C, Xu Y, Wang T, Wang J, Pei J. Fine‐tuning
the backbone conformation of conjugated polymers and the influence on solution aggregation and optoelectronic properties. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20220634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Beijing China
| | - Yang Lu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Beijing China
| | - Li Ding
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Beijing China
| | - Chen‐Kai Pan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Beijing China
| | - Yu‐Chun Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Beijing China
| | - Tian‐Yao Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Beijing China
| | - Jie‐Yu Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Beijing China
| | - Jian Pei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Beijing China
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25
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Duan J, Ding J, Wang D, Zhu X, Chen J, Zhu G, Chen C, Yu Y, Liao H, Li Z, Di C, Yue W. Enhancing the Performance of N-Type Thermoelectric Devices via Tuning the Crystallinity of Small Molecule Semiconductors. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2204872. [PMID: 36437037 PMCID: PMC9875661 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202204872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In the development of high-performance organic thermoelectric devices, n-type materials, especially with small molecule semiconductors, lags far behind p-type materials. In this paper, three small molecules are synthesized based on electron-deficient naphthalene bis-isatin building blocks bearing different alkyl chains with the terminal functionalized with 3-ethylrhodanine unit and studied their aggregation and doping mechanism in detail. It is found that crystallinity plays an essential role in tuning the doping behavior of small molecules. Molecules with too strong crystallinity tend to aggregate with each other to form large crystalline domains, which cause significant performance degradation. While molecules with weak crystallinity can tolerate more dopants, most of them exhibit low mobility. By tuning the crystallinity carefully, organic thermoelectric devices based on C12NR can maintain high mobility and realize effective doping simultaneously, and a high power factor of 1.07 µW m-1 K-2 at 100 °C is realized. This delicate molecular design by modulating crystallinity provides a new avenue for realizing high-performance organic thermoelectric devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayao Duan
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable DevicesSchool of Materials and EngineeringSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510275P. R. China
| | - Jiamin Ding
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesCAS Key Laboratory of Organic SolidsInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190P. R. China
| | - Dongyang Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesCAS Key Laboratory of Organic SolidsInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190P. R. China
| | - Xiuyuan Zhu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable DevicesSchool of Materials and EngineeringSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510275P. R. China
| | - Junxin Chen
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable DevicesSchool of Materials and EngineeringSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510275P. R. China
| | - Genming Zhu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable DevicesSchool of Materials and EngineeringSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510275P. R. China
| | - Chaoyue Chen
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable DevicesSchool of Materials and EngineeringSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510275P. R. China
| | - Yaping Yu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable DevicesSchool of Materials and EngineeringSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510275P. R. China
| | - Hailiang Liao
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable DevicesSchool of Materials and EngineeringSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510275P. R. China
| | - Zhengke Li
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable DevicesSchool of Materials and EngineeringSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510275P. R. China
| | - Chong‐an Di
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular SciencesCAS Key Laboratory of Organic SolidsInstitute of ChemistryChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190P. R. China
| | - Wan Yue
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronic Materials and Wearable DevicesSchool of Materials and EngineeringSun Yat‐Sen UniversityGuangzhou510275P. R. China
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26
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Shi Y, Li J, Sun H, Li Y, Wang Y, Wu Z, Jeong SY, Woo HY, Fabiano S, Guo X. Thiazole Imide-Based All-Acceptor Homopolymer with Branched Ethylene Glycol Side Chains for Organic Thermoelectrics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202214192. [PMID: 36282628 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202214192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
n-Type semiconducting polymers with high thermoelectric performance remain challenging due to the scarcity of molecular design strategy, limiting their applications in organic thermoelectric (OTE) devices. Herein, we provide a new approach to enhance the OTE performance of n-doped polymers by introducing acceptor-acceptor (A-A) type backbone bearing branched ethylene glycol (EG) side chains. When doped with 4-(2,3-dihydro-1,3-dimethyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-N,N-dimethylbenzenamine (N-DMBI), the A-A homopolymer PDTzTI-TEG exhibits n-type electrical conductivity (σ) up to 34 S cm-1 and power factor value of 15.7 μW m-1 K-2 . The OTE performance of PDTzTI-TEG is far greater than that of homopolymer PBTI-TEG (σ=0.27 S cm-1 ), indicating that introducing electron-deficient thiazole units in the backbone further improves the n-doping efficiency. These results demonstrate that developing A-A type polymers with EG side chains is an effective strategy to enhance n-type OTE performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqiang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Ministry of Education, and School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui 241002, China
| | - Jianfeng Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Hengda Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai, 201620, China.,Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-60174, Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Yongchun Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Yimei Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Ziang Wu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Young Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Young Woo
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Simone Fabiano
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, SE-60174, Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Xugang Guo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
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27
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Controlling morphology and microstructure of conjugated polymers via solution-state aggregation. Prog Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2022.101626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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28
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Wang J, Feng K, Jeong SY, Liu B, Wang Y, Wu W, Hou Y, Woo HY, Guo X. Acceptor-acceptor type polymers based on cyano-substituted benzochalcogenadiazole and diketopyrrolopyrrole for high-efficiency n-type organic thermoelectrics. Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1038/s41428-022-00717-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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29
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Ueda K, Fukuzaki R, Ito T, Toyama N, Muraoka M, Terao T, Manabe K, Hirai T, Wu CJ, Chuang SC, Kawano S, Murata M. A Highly Conductive n-Type Coordination Complex with Thieno[3,2- b]thiophene Units: Facile Synthesis, Orientation, and Thermoelectric Properties. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:18744-18749. [PMID: 36166343 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c07888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
An organometallic nickel complex containing thieno[3,2-b]thiophene units was designed and synthesized. Composite films of the resulting nickel complex and polyvinylidene difluoride, which can be fabricated via a simple solution process under atmospheric conditions, exhibit remarkably high n-type conductivity (>200 S cm-1). Moreover, the thermoelectric power factor of the n-type composite film was proven to be air stable. A grazing-incidence wide-angle X-ray diffraction analysis indicated a significant impact of introducing the thieno[3,2-b]thiophene core into the backbone of the nickel complex on the orientation within the composite films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Ueda
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Osaka Institute of Technology, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
| | - Riku Fukuzaki
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Osaka Institute of Technology, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
| | - Takumu Ito
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Osaka Institute of Technology, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
| | - Nana Toyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Osaka Institute of Technology, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
| | - Masahiro Muraoka
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Osaka Institute of Technology, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
| | - Toshiki Terao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Osaka Institute of Technology, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
| | - Kei Manabe
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Osaka Institute of Technology, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
| | - Tomoyasu Hirai
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Osaka Institute of Technology, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
| | - Ching-Ju Wu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 30010 Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ching Chuang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 30010 Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Shintaro Kawano
- Osaka Research Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, 1-6-50 Morinomiya, Joto-ku, Osaka 536-8553, Japan
| | - Michihisa Murata
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Osaka Institute of Technology, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
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30
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Dong CS, Meng B, Liu J, Wang LX. Acceptor-acceptor-type Organoboron Conjugated Polymers: Effect of Backbone Configuration on Thermoelectric Performance. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-022-2815-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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31
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Li W, Yin M, Liu J, Fu H, Shao X, Dong Y, Song Q, Zhang C, Wong WY. Reversible color modulation of luminescent conjugated polymers based on a chemical redox mechanism and applications in rewritable paper and multiple information encryption. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2022; 9:2198-2206. [PMID: 35699133 DOI: 10.1039/d2mh00566b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Reversible color modulation plays a key role in the field of information recording and encryption, but for the common colorful conjugated polymer materials, currently a convenient method to achieve their reversible color modulation is still lacking. Herein, six luminescent conjugated polymers P1 to P6 were successfully designed and synthesized, all of which could realize reversible color modulation through a similar reversible chemical redox behavior accompanied by reversible color and fluorescence changes. The same absorption spectral changes as those under electrochemical redox conditions strongly confirmed that these polymers underwent reversible redox reactions in the Fe3+ and H2O system, which happened spontaneously according to the theoretical analysis of the reaction thermodynamics. Based on the reversible color modulation in the Fe3+ and H2O system, polymers P1, P2 and P3, with different colors (yellow, orange and red) and fluorescence emissions, were successfully applied as rewritable paper with multi-color and multi-fluorescence printing as well as long-term recording capabilities. Meanwhile, polymers P1, P4, P5 and P6, which showed similar green fluorescence and yellow color but different oxidation potentials, were also introduced to accomplish multiple encryption and decryption of information, based on the step-by-step selective oxidation of the four polymers by adjusting the concentration of Fe3+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijun Li
- International Sci. & Tech. Cooperation Base of Energy Materials and Application, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China.
| | - Maoxing Yin
- International Sci. & Tech. Cooperation Base of Energy Materials and Application, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China.
| | - Jin Liu
- International Sci. & Tech. Cooperation Base of Energy Materials and Application, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China.
| | - Haichang Fu
- International Sci. & Tech. Cooperation Base of Energy Materials and Application, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China.
| | - Xiongchao Shao
- International Sci. & Tech. Cooperation Base of Energy Materials and Application, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China.
| | - Yujie Dong
- International Sci. & Tech. Cooperation Base of Energy Materials and Application, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China.
| | - Qingbao Song
- International Sci. & Tech. Cooperation Base of Energy Materials and Application, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China.
| | - Cheng Zhang
- International Sci. & Tech. Cooperation Base of Energy Materials and Application, College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, P. R. China.
| | - Wai-Yeung Wong
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology and Research Institute for Smart Energy, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, P. R. China.
- Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, P. R. China
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32
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Saeedifard F, Lungwitz D, Yu ZD, Schneider S, Mansour AE, Opitz A, Barlow S, Toney MF, Pei J, Koch N, Marder SR. Use of a Multiple Hydride Donor To Achieve an n-Doped Polymer with High Solvent Resistance. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:33598-33605. [PMID: 35822714 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c05724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The ability to insolubilize doped semiconducting polymer layers can help enable the fabrication of efficient multilayer solution-processed electronic and optoelectronic devices. Here, we present a promising approach to simultaneously n-dope and largely insolubilize conjugated polymer films using tetrakis[{4-(1,3-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)phenoxy}methyl]methane (tetrakis-O-DMBI-H), which consists of four 2,3-dihydro-1H-benzoimidazole (DMBI-H) n-dopant moieties covalently linked to one another. Doping a thiophene-fused benzodifurandione-based oligo(p-phenylenevinylene)-co-thiophene polymer (TBDOPV-T) with tetrakis-O-DMBI-H results in a highly n-doped film with bulk conductivity of 15 S cm-1. Optical absorption spectra provide evidence for film retention of ∼93% after immersion in o-dichlorobenzene for 5 min. The optical absorption signature of the charge carriers in the n-doped polymer decreases only slightly more than that of the neutral polymer under these conditions, indicating that the exposure to solvent also results in negligible dedoping of the film. Moreover, thermal treatment studies on a tetrakis-O-DMBI-H-doped TBDOPV-T film in contact with another undoped polymer film indicate immobilization of the molecular dopant in TBDOPV-T. This is attributed to the multiple electrostatic interactions between each dopant tetracation and up to four nearby anionic doped polymer segments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Saeedifard
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Dominique Lungwitz
- Institut für Physik & IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Zi-Di Yu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Sebastian Schneider
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Light Source, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
- School of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Ahmed E Mansour
- Institut für Physik & IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Opitz
- Institut für Physik & IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephen Barlow
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Michael F Toney
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
| | - Jian Pei
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Norbert Koch
- Institut für Physik & IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Seth R Marder
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80303, United States
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33
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Han J, Tiernan E, Lee T, Chiu A, McGuiggan P, Adams N, Tomko JA, Hopkins PE, Thon SM, Tovar JD, Katz HE. A New Polystyrene-Poly(vinylpyridinium) Ionic Copolymer Dopant for n-Type All-Polymer Thermoelectrics with High and Stable Conductivity Relative to the Seebeck Coefficient giving High Power Factor. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2201062. [PMID: 35441380 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202201062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A novel n-type copolymer dopant polystyrene-poly(4-vinyl-N-hexylpyridinium fluoride) (PSpF) with fluoride anions is designed and synthesized by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. This is thought to be the first polymeric fluoride dopant. Electrical conductivity of 4.2 S cm-1 and high power factor of 67 µW m-1 K-2 are achieved for PSpF-doped polymer films, with a corresponding decrease in thermal conductivity as the PSpF concentration is increased, giving the highest ZT of 0.1. An especially high electrical conductivity of 58 S cm-1 at 88 °C and outstanding thermal stability are recorded. Further, organic transistors of PSpF-doped thin films exhibit high electron mobility and Hall mobility of 0.86 and 1.70 cm2 V-1 s-1 , respectively. The results suggest that polystyrene-poly(vinylpyridinium) salt copolymers with fluoride anions are promising for high-performance n-type all-polymer thermoelectrics. This work provides a new way to realize organic thermoelectrics with high conductivity relative to the Seebeck coefficient, high power factor, thermal stability, and broad processing window.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Han
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Emma Tiernan
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
| | - Taein Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Arlene Chiu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Patty McGuiggan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Nicholas Adams
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - John A Tomko
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
| | - Patrick E Hopkins
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
| | - Susanna M Thon
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - John D Tovar
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
| | - Howard E Katz
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA
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34
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Zhou D, Zhang H, Zheng H, Xu Z, Xu H, Guo H, Li P, Tong Y, Hu B, Chen L. Recent Advances and Prospects of Small Molecular Organic Thermoelectric Materials. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2200679. [PMID: 35285160 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202200679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Thermoelectric (TE) materials possess unique energy conversion capabilities between heat and electrical energy. Small organic semiconductors have aroused widespread attention for the fabrication of TE devices due to their advantages of low toxicity, large area, light weight, and easy fabrication. However, the low TE properties hinder their large-scale commercial application. Herein, the basic knowledge about TE materials, including parameters affecting the TE performance and the remaining challenges of the organic thermoelectric (OTE) materials, are initially summarized in detail. Second, the optimization strategies of power factor, including the selection and design of dopants and structural modification of the dope-host are introduced. Third, some achievements of p- and n-type small molecular OTE materials are highlighted to briefly provide their future developing trend; finally, insights on the future development of OTE materials are also provided in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants, Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, 696 Fenghe South Avenue, Nanchang, 330063, China
| | - Hehui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants, Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, 696 Fenghe South Avenue, Nanchang, 330063, China
| | - Haolan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants, Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, 696 Fenghe South Avenue, Nanchang, 330063, China
| | - Zhentian Xu
- Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC), Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Haitao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants, Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, 696 Fenghe South Avenue, Nanchang, 330063, China
| | - Huilong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants, Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, 696 Fenghe South Avenue, Nanchang, 330063, China
| | - Peining Li
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants, Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, 696 Fenghe South Avenue, Nanchang, 330063, China
| | - Yongfen Tong
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants, Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, 696 Fenghe South Avenue, Nanchang, 330063, China
| | - Bin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants, Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, 696 Fenghe South Avenue, Nanchang, 330063, China
| | - Lie Chen
- Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC), Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
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35
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Evans AM, Collins KA, Xun S, Allen TG, Jhulki S, Castano I, Smith HL, Strauss MJ, Oanta AK, Liu L, Sun L, Reid OG, Sini G, Puggioni D, Rondinelli JM, Rajh T, Gianneschi NC, Kahn A, Freedman DE, Li H, Barlow S, Rumbles G, Brédas JL, Marder SR, Dichtel WR. Controlled n-Doping of Naphthalene-Diimide-Based 2D Polymers. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2101932. [PMID: 34850459 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202101932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
2D polymers (2DPs) are promising as structurally well-defined, permanently porous, organic semiconductors. However, 2DPs are nearly always isolated as closed shell organic species with limited charge carriers, which leads to low bulk conductivities. Here, the bulk conductivity of two naphthalene diimide (NDI)-containing 2DP semiconductors is enhanced by controllably n-doping the NDI units using cobaltocene (CoCp2 ). Optical and transient microwave spectroscopy reveal that both as-prepared NDI-containing 2DPs are semiconducting with sub-2 eV optical bandgaps and photoexcited charge-carrier lifetimes of tens of nanoseconds. Following reduction with CoCp2 , both 2DPs largely retain their periodic structures and exhibit optical and electron-spin resonance spectroscopic features consistent with the presence of NDI-radical anions. While the native NDI-based 2DPs are electronically insulating, maximum bulk conductivities of >10-4 S cm-1 are achieved by substoichiometric levels of n-doping. Density functional theory calculations show that the strongest electronic couplings in these 2DPs exist in the out-of-plane (π-stacking) crystallographic directions, which indicates that cross-plane electronic transport through NDI stacks is primarily responsible for the observed electronic conductivity. Taken together, the controlled molecular doping is a useful approach to access structurally well-defined, paramagnetic, 2DP n-type semiconductors with measurable bulk electronic conductivities of interest for electronic or spintronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin M Evans
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Kelsey A Collins
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Sangni Xun
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P. R. China
| | - Taylor G Allen
- Center for Chemistry and Nanoscience, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
| | - Samik Jhulki
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Ioannina Castano
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Hannah L Smith
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Michael J Strauss
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Alexander K Oanta
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Lujia Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Lei Sun
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Obadiah G Reid
- Center for Chemistry and Nanoscience, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Gjergji Sini
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
- CY Cergy Paris Université, Laboratoire de Physicochimie des Polymères et des Interfaces, EA 2528, 5 mail Gay-Lussac, Cergy-Pontoise Cedex, 95031, France
| | - Danilo Puggioni
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - James M Rondinelli
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Tijana Rajh
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Nathan C Gianneschi
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- International Institute for Nanotechnology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Pharmacology, Simpson Querrey Institute, and Chemistry of Life Processes Institute, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Antoine Kahn
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA
| | - Danna E Freedman
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Stephen Barlow
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Garry Rumbles
- Center for Chemistry and Nanoscience, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 15013 Denver West Parkway, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, 80309, USA
| | - Jean-Luc Brédas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Seth R Marder
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - William R Dichtel
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
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36
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Wang S, Zuo G, Kim J, Sirringhaus H. Progress of Conjugated Polymers as Emerging Thermoelectric Materials. Prog Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2022.101548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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37
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Li QY, Yao ZF, Wu HT, Luo L, Ding YF, Yang CY, Wang XY, Shen Z, Wang JY, Pei J. Regulation of High Miscibility for Efficient Charge-Transport in n-Doped Conjugated Polymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202200221. [PMID: 35107203 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202200221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Strong interchain interactions of conjugated polymers usually result in poor miscibility with molecular dopants, limiting the doping efficiency because of uncontrolled phase separation. We have developed a strategy to achieve efficient charge-transport and high doping miscibility in n-doped conjugated polymers. We solve the miscibility issue through disorder side-chains containing dopants better. Systemic structural characterization reveals a farther side-chain branching point will lead to higher disorders, which provides appropriate sites to accommodate extrinsic molecular dopants without harming original chain packings and charge-transport channels. Therefore, better sustainability of solid-state microstructure is obtained, yielding a stable conductivity even when overloading massive dopants. This work highlights the importance of realizing high host-dopant miscibility in molecular doping of conjugated polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Yi Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Ze-Fan Yao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Hao-Tian Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Longfei Luo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yi-Fan Ding
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Chi-Yuan Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xin-Yi Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Zhihao Shen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jie-Yu Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jian Pei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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38
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Li Q, Yao Z, Wu H, Luo L, Ding Y, Yang C, Wang X, Shen Z, Wang J, Pei J. Regulation of High Miscibility for Efficient Charge‐Transport in n‐Doped Conjugated Polymers. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202200221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qi‐Yi Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS) Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Ze‐Fan Yao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS) Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Hao‐Tian Wu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS) Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Longfei Luo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS) Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Yi‐Fan Ding
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS) Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Chi‐Yuan Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS) Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Xin‐Yi Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS) Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Zhihao Shen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS) Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Jie‐Yu Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS) Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Jian Pei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS) Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China
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39
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Yue G, Wei J, Qiu D, Mo F. Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Arylstannanes. ACTA CHIMICA SINICA 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/a22030118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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40
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Han J, Chiu A, Ganley C, McGuiggan P, Thon SM, Clancy P, Katz HE. 3,4,5-Trimethoxy Substitution on an N-DMBI Dopant with New N-Type Polymers: Polymer-Dopant Matching for Improved Conductivity-Seebeck Coefficient Relationship. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:27212-27219. [PMID: 34695285 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202110505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Achieving high electrical conductivity and thermoelectric power factor simultaneously for n-type organic thermoelectrics is still challenging. By constructing two new acceptor-acceptor n-type conjugated polymers with different backbones and introducing the 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl group to form the new n-type dopant 1,3-dimethyl-2-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzo[d]imidazole (TP-DMBI), high electrical conductivity of 11 S cm-1 and power factor of 32 μW m-1 K-2 are achieved. Calculations using Density Functional Theory show that TP-DMBI presents a higher singly occupied molecular orbital (SOMO) energy level of -1.94 eV than that of the common dopant 4-(1, 3-dimethyl-2, 3-dihydro-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl) phenyl) dimethylamine (N-DMBI) (-2.36 eV), which can result in a larger offset between the SOMO of dopant and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of n-type polymers, though that effect may not be dominant in the present work. The doped polymer films exhibit higher Seebeck coefficient and power factor than films using N-DMBI at the same doping levels or similar electrical conductivity levels. Moreover, TP-DMBI doped polymer films offer much higher electron mobility of up to 0.53 cm2 V-1 s-1 than films with N-DMBI doping, demonstrating the potential of TP-DMBI, and 3,4,5-trialkoxy DMBIs more broadly, for high performance n-type organic thermoelectrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Han
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland, 21218, USA
| | - Arlene Chiu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland, 21218, USA
| | - Connor Ganley
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, 21218, USA
| | - Patty McGuiggan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland, 21218, USA
| | - Susanna M Thon
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland, 21218, USA
| | - Paulette Clancy
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, 21218, USA
| | - Howard E Katz
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, Maryland, 21218, USA
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41
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Han J, Chiu A, Ganley C, McGuiggan P, Thon SM, Clancy P, Katz HE. 3,4,5‐Trimethoxy Substitution on an N‐DMBI Dopant with New N‐Type Polymers: Polymer‐Dopant Matching for Improved Conductivity‐Seebeck Coefficient Relationship. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202110505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Han
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Johns Hopkins University 3400 North Charles Street Baltimore Maryland 21218 USA
| | - Arlene Chiu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Johns Hopkins University 3400 North Charles Street Baltimore Maryland 21218 USA
| | - Connor Ganley
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Johns Hopkins University Baltimore Maryland 21218 USA
| | - Patty McGuiggan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Johns Hopkins University 3400 North Charles Street Baltimore Maryland 21218 USA
| | - Susanna M. Thon
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Johns Hopkins University 3400 North Charles Street Baltimore Maryland 21218 USA
| | - Paulette Clancy
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Johns Hopkins University Baltimore Maryland 21218 USA
| | - Howard E. Katz
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering Johns Hopkins University 3400 North Charles Street Baltimore Maryland 21218 USA
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42
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Scaccabarozzi AD, Basu A, Aniés F, Liu J, Zapata-Arteaga O, Warren R, Firdaus Y, Nugraha MI, Lin Y, Campoy-Quiles M, Koch N, Müller C, Tsetseris L, Heeney M, Anthopoulos TD. Doping Approaches for Organic Semiconductors. Chem Rev 2021; 122:4420-4492. [PMID: 34793134 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Electronic doping in organic materials has remained an elusive concept for several decades. It drew considerable attention in the early days in the quest for organic materials with high electrical conductivity, paving the way for the pioneering work on pristine organic semiconductors (OSCs) and their eventual use in a plethora of applications. Despite this early trend, however, recent strides in the field of organic electronics have been made hand in hand with the development and use of dopants to the point that are now ubiquitous. Here, we give an overview of all important advances in the area of doping of organic semiconductors and their applications. We first review the relevant literature with particular focus on the physical processes involved, discussing established mechanisms but also newly proposed theories. We then continue with a comprehensive summary of the most widely studied dopants to date, placing particular emphasis on the chemical strategies toward the synthesis of molecules with improved functionality. The processing routes toward doped organic films and the important doping-processing-nanostructure relationships, are also discussed. We conclude the review by highlighting how doping can enhance the operating characteristics of various organic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto D Scaccabarozzi
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aniruddha Basu
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Filip Aniés
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, U.K
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg 412 96, Sweden
| | - Osnat Zapata-Arteaga
- Materials Science Institute of Barcelona, ICMAB-CSIC, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Ross Warren
- Institut für Physik & IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Yuliar Firdaus
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia.,Research Center for Electronics and Telecommunication, Indonesian Institute of Science, Jalan Sangkuriang Komplek LIPI Building 20 level 4, Bandung 40135, Indonesia
| | - Mohamad Insan Nugraha
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yuanbao Lin
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mariano Campoy-Quiles
- Materials Science Institute of Barcelona, ICMAB-CSIC, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Norbert Koch
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Kekulé-Strasse 5, 12489 Berlin, Germany.,Institut für Physik & IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Müller
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Göteborg 412 96, Sweden
| | - Leonidas Tsetseris
- Department of Physics, National Technical University of Athens, Athens GR-15780, Greece
| | - Martin Heeney
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, U.K
| | - Thomas D Anthopoulos
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), KAUST Solar Center (KSC), Thuwal 23955, Saudi Arabia
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43
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Transition metal-catalysed molecular n-doping of organic semiconductors. Nature 2021; 599:67-73. [PMID: 34732866 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03942-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Chemical doping is a key process for investigating charge transport in organic semiconductors and improving certain (opto)electronic devices1-9. N(electron)-doping is fundamentally more challenging than p(hole)-doping and typically achieves a very low doping efficiency (η) of less than 10%1,10. An efficient molecular n-dopant should simultaneously exhibit a high reducing power and air stability for broad applicability1,5,6,9,11, which is very challenging. Here we show a general concept of catalysed n-doping of organic semiconductors using air-stable precursor-type molecular dopants. Incorporation of a transition metal (for example, Pt, Au, Pd) as vapour-deposited nanoparticles or solution-processable organometallic complexes (for example, Pd2(dba)3) catalyses the reaction, as assessed by experimental and theoretical evidence, enabling greatly increased η in a much shorter doping time and high electrical conductivities (above 100 S cm-1; ref. 12). This methodology has technological implications for realizing improved semiconductor devices and offers a broad exploration space of ternary systems comprising catalysts, molecular dopants and semiconductors, thus opening new opportunities in n-doping research and applications12, 13.
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44
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Park KH, Go J, Lim B, Noh Y. Recent progress in lactam‐based polymer semiconductors for organic electronic devices. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Hun Park
- Center for Advanced Specialty Chemicals Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT) Ulsan Republic of Korea
| | - Ji‐Young Go
- Department of Chemical Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology Pohang Republic of Korea
| | - Bogyu Lim
- Center for Advanced Specialty Chemicals Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT) Ulsan Republic of Korea
| | - Yong‐Young Noh
- Department of Chemical Engineering Pohang University of Science and Technology Pohang Republic of Korea
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45
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Abstract
Doping has been widely used to control the charge carrier concentration in organic semiconductors. However, in conjugated polymers, n-doping is often limited by the tradeoff between doping efficiency and charge carrier mobilities, since dopants often randomly distribute within polymers, leading to significant structural and energetic disorder. Here, we screen a large number of polymer building block combinations and explore the possibility of designing n-type conjugated polymers with good tolerance to dopant-induced disorder. We show that a carefully designed conjugated polymer with a single dominant planar backbone conformation, high torsional barrier at each dihedral angle, and zigzag backbone curvature is highly dopable and can tolerate dopant-induced disorder. With these features, the designed diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP)-based polymer can be efficiently n-doped and exhibit high n-type electrical conductivities over 120 S cm−1, much higher than the reference polymers with similar chemical structures. This work provides a polymer design concept for highly dopable and highly conductive polymeric semiconductors. In conjugated polymers, n-doping is often limited by the tradeoff between doping efficiency and charge carrier mobilities, since dopants often randomly distribute within polymers, leading to significant structural and energetic disorder. Here, the authors screen a large number of polymer building block combinations and explore the possibility of designing n-type conjugated polymers with good tolerance to dopant-induced disorder.
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46
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Wang Z, Di Virgilio L, Yao Z, Yu Z, Wang X, Zhou Y, Li Q, Lu Y, Zou L, Wang HI, Wang X, Wang J, Pei J. Correlating Charge Transport Properties of Conjugated Polymers in Solution Aggregates and Thin‐Film Aggregates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202107395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zi‐Yuan Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS) Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Lucia Di Virgilio
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Ze‐Fan Yao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS) Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Zi‐Di Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS) Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Xin‐Yi Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS) Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Yang‐Yang Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS) Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Qi‐Yi Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS) Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Yang Lu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS) Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Lin Zou
- Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry China Academy of Engineering Physics Mianyang 621999 China
| | - Hai I. Wang
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research Ackermannweg 10 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Xiao‐Ye Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Jie‐Yu Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS) Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Jian Pei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS) Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China
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47
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Wang ZY, Di Virgilio L, Yao ZF, Yu ZD, Wang XY, Zhou YY, Li QY, Lu Y, Zou L, Wang HI, Wang XY, Wang JY, Pei J. Correlating Charge Transport Properties of Conjugated Polymers in Solution Aggregates and Thin-Film Aggregates. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:20483-20488. [PMID: 34235851 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202107395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The role of solution aggregates on the charge transport process of conjugated polymers in electronic devices has gained increasing attention; however, the correlation of the charge carrier mobilities between the solution aggregates and the solid-state films remains elusive. Herein, three polymers, FBDOPV-2T, FBDOPV-2F2T, and FBDOPV-4F2T, are designed and synthesized with distinct aggregation behavior in solution. By combining contact-free ultrafast terahertz (THz) spectroscopy and field-effect transistor measurements, we track the charge carrier mobility of the aggregates of these polymers from the solution to the thin-film state. Remarkably, the mobility of these three polymers is found to follow nearly the same trend (FBDOPV-2T>FBDOPV-2F2T≫FBDOPV-4F2T) in both solutions and thin-film states. The quantitative mobility correlation indicates that the charge transport properties of solution aggregates play a critical role in determining the thin-film charge transport properties and final device performance. Our results highlight the importance of investigating and controlling solution aggregation structures towards efficient organic electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Yuan Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Lucia Di Virgilio
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ze-Fan Yao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Zi-Di Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xin-Yi Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yang-Yang Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Qi-Yi Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yang Lu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Lin Zou
- Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, 621999, China
| | - Hai I Wang
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Xiao-Ye Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Jie-Yu Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jian Pei
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Polymer Chemistry and Physics of Ministry of Education, Center of Soft Matter Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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48
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Shao X, Wang J, Marder TB, Xie Z, Liu J, Wang L. N–B ← N Bridged Bithiophene: A Building Block with Reduced Band Gap to Design n-Type Conjugated Polymers. Macromolecules 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.1c01055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xingxin Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jiahui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Todd B. Marder
- Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Institute for Sustainable Chemistry & Catalysis with Boron (ICB), Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Zhiyuan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Lixiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
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49
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Min Y, Dong C, Tian H, Liu J, Wang L. B←N-Incorporated Dibenzo-azaacenes as n-Type Thermoelectric Materials. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:33321-33327. [PMID: 34227795 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c08514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Organic thermoelectric materials play a vital role in flexible power generating applications, such as wearable electronics and sensor networks. While there is a wealth of research on p-type organic thermoelectric materials, developments on n-type counterparts as complementary are comparatively limited. Herein, we report a new kind of n-type small-molecule thermoelectric materials based on B←N-incorporated dibenzo-azaacenes 1,2-DBNA-2 and 1,2-DBNA-5. Because of the low-lying lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy levels, 1,2-DBNA-2 and 1,2-DBNA-5 could be efficiently n-doped, and the rigid and almost planar skeleton could ensure good carrier transfer. When doped with a typical n-dopant (4-(1,3-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzoimidazol-2-yl)phenyl)dimethylamine (N-DMBI), 1,2-DBNA-5 exhibits a moderate conductivity of 0.01 S cm-1 and a power factor of 0.06 μW m-1 K-2 with a Seebeck coefficient of -244.4 μV K-1 in thermoelectric devices. These results not only demonstrate that B←N-incorporated dibenzo-azaacenes are a novel class of n-type thermoelectric materials but also highlight a new strategy to develop n-type organic thermoelectric materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Min
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Changshuai Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
- University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, P. R. China
| | - Hongkun Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
| | - Lixiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, P. R. China
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50
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Dong C, Deng S, Meng B, Liu J, Wang L. A Distannylated Monomer of a Strong Electron-Accepting Organoboron Building Block: Enabling Acceptor-Acceptor-Type Conjugated Polymers for n-Type Thermoelectric Applications. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:16184-16190. [PMID: 33956396 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202105127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Acceptor-acceptor (A-A) copolymerization is an effective strategy to develop high-performance n-type conjugated polymers. However, the development of A-A type conjugated polymers is challenging due to the synthetic difficulty. Herein, a distannylated monomer of strong electron-deficient double B←N bridged bipyridine (BNBP) unit is readily synthesized and used to develop A-A type conjugated polymers by Stille polycondensation. The resulting polymers show ultralow LUMO energy levels of -4.4 eV, which is among the lowest value reported for organoboron polymers. After n-doping, the resulting polymers exhibit electric conductivity of 7.8 S cm-1 and power factor of 24.8 μW m-1 K-2 . This performance is among the best for n-type polymer thermoelectric materials. These results demonstrate the great potential of A-A type organoboron polymers for high-performance n-type thermoelectrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changshuai Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Sihui Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Bin Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Lixiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China.,University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
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