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Du B, Xiong S, Sun L, Tagawa Y, Inoue D, Hashizume D, Wang W, Guo R, Yokota T, Wang S, Ishida Y, Lee S, Fukuda K, Someya T. A water-resistant, ultrathin, conformable organic photodetector for vital sign monitoring. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadp2679. [PMID: 39047100 PMCID: PMC11268404 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adp2679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Ultrathin flexible photodetectors can be conformably integrated with the human body, offering promising advancements for emerging skin-interfaced sensors. However, the susceptibility to degradation in ambient and particularly in aqueous environments hinders their practical application. Here, we report a 3.2-micrometer-thick water-resistant organic photodetector capable of reliably monitoring vital sign while submerged underwater. Embedding the organic photoactive layer in an adhesive elastomer matrix induces multidimensional hybrid phase separation, enabling high adhesiveness of the photoactive layer on both the top and bottom surfaces with maintained charge transport. This improves the water-immersion stability of the photoactive layer and ensures the robust sealing of interfaces within the device, notably suppressing fluid ingression in aqueous environments. Consequently, our fabricated ultrathin organic photodetector demonstrates stability in deionized water or cell nutrient media over extended periods, high detectivity, and resilience to cyclic mechanical deformation. We also showcase its potential for vital sign monitoring while submerged underwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baocai Du
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Sixing Xiong
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Lulu Sun
- Thin-Film Device Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yusaku Tagawa
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Daishi Inoue
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Daisuke Hashizume
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Wenqing Wang
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Ruiqi Guo
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Yokota
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Institute of Engineering Innovation, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Shuxu Wang
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Ishida
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Sunghoon Lee
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Thin-Film Device Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Fukuda
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Thin-Film Device Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Takao Someya
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Thin-Film Device Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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2
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Ma R, Jiang X, Dela Peña TA, Gao W, Wu J, Li M, Roth SV, Müller-Buschbaum P, Li G. Insulator Polymer Matrix Construction on All-Small-Molecule Photoactive Blend Towards Extrapolated 15000 Hour T 80 Stable Devices. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2405005. [PMID: 38992998 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202405005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
To boost the stability of all-small-molecule (ASM) organic photovoltaic (OPV) blends, an insulator polymer called styrene-ethylene-butylene-styrene (SEBS) as morphology stabilizer is applied into the host system of small molecules BM-ClEH:BO-4Cl. Minor addition of SEBS (1 mg/ml in host solution) provides a significantly enhanced T80 value of 15000 hours (extrapolated), surpassing doping-free (0 mg/ml) and heavy doping (10 mg/ml) counterparts (900 hours, 30 hours). The material reproducibility and cost-effectiveness of the active layer will not be affected by this industrially available polymer, where the power conversion efficiency (PCE) can be well maintained at 15.02%, which is still a decent value for non-halogen solvent-treated ASM OPV. Morphological and photophysical characterizations clearly demonstrate SEBS's pivotal effect on suppressing the degradation of donor molecules and blend film's crystallization/aggregation reorganization, which protects the exciton dynamics effectively. This work pays meaningful attention to the ASM system stability, performs a smart strategy to suppress the film morphology degradation, and releases a comprehensive understanding of the mechanism of device performance reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijie Ma
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Research Institute for Smart Energy (RISE), Photonic Research Institute (PRI), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xinyu Jiang
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Top Archie Dela Peña
- Advanced Materials Thrust, Function Hub, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Nansha, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Advanced Manufacturing, Institute of Luminescent Materials and Information Displays, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Jiaying Wu
- Advanced Materials Thrust, Function Hub, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Nansha, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mingjie Li
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Stephan V Roth
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
- Fibre and Polymer Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, 10044, Sweden
| | - Peter Müller-Buschbaum
- TUM School of Natural Sciences, Department of Physics, Chair for Functional Materials, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Research Institute for Smart Energy (RISE), Photonic Research Institute (PRI), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
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3
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Wang J, Ochiai Y, Wu N, Adachi K, Inoue D, Hashizume D, Kong D, Matsuhisa N, Yokota T, Wu Q, Ma W, Sun L, Xiong S, Du B, Wang W, Shih CJ, Tajima K, Aida T, Fukuda K, Someya T. Intrinsically stretchable organic photovoltaics by redistributing strain to PEDOT:PSS with enhanced stretchability and interfacial adhesion. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4902. [PMID: 38851770 PMCID: PMC11162488 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49352-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Intrinsically stretchable organic photovoltaics have emerged as a prominent candidate for the next-generation wearable power generators regarding their structural design flexibility, omnidirectional stretchability, and in-plane deformability. However, formulating strategies to fabricate intrinsically stretchable organic photovoltaics that exhibit mechanical robustness under both repetitive strain cycles and high tensile strains remains challenging. Herein, we demonstrate high-performance intrinsically stretchable organic photovoltaics with an initial power conversion efficiency of 14.2%, exceptional stretchability (80% of the initial power conversion efficiency maintained at 52% tensile strain), and cyclic mechanical durability (95% of the initial power conversion efficiency retained after 100 strain cycles at 10%). The stretchability is primarily realised by delocalising and redistributing the strain in the active layer to a highly stretchable PEDOT:PSS electrode developed with a straightforward incorporation of ION E, which simultaneously enhances the stretchability of PEDOT:PSS itself and meanwhile reinforces the interfacial adhesion with the polyurethane substrate. Both enhancements are pivotal factors ensuring the excellent mechanical durability of the PEDOT:PSS electrode, which further effectively delays the crack initiation and propagation in the top active layer, and enables the limited performance degradation under high tensile strains and repetitive strain cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiachen Wang
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Yuto Ochiai
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Niannian Wu
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Kiyohiro Adachi
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Daishi Inoue
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Daisuke Hashizume
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Desheng Kong
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Naoji Matsuhisa
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Yokota
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
- Institute of Engineering Innovation, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Qiang Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behaviour of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behaviour of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Lulu Sun
- Thin-Film Device Laboratory, RIKEN, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Sixing Xiong
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Baocai Du
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Wenqing Wang
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Chih-Jen Shih
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Keisuke Tajima
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Takuzo Aida
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Fukuda
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
- Thin-Film Device Laboratory, RIKEN, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
| | - Takao Someya
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan.
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
- Thin-Film Device Laboratory, RIKEN, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
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Zhang C, Zhong X, Sun X, Lv J, Ji Y, Fu J, Zhao C, Yao Y, Zhang G, Deng W, Wang K, Li G, Hu H. Designing a Novel Wide Bandgap Small Molecule Guest for Enhanced Stability and Morphology Mediation in Ternary Organic Solar Cells with over 19.3% Efficiency. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2401313. [PMID: 38569518 PMCID: PMC11187928 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202401313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
In this study, a novel wide-bandgap small molecule guest material, ITOA, designed and synthesized for fabricating efficient ternary organic solar cells (OSCs) ITOA complements the absorbance of the PM6:Y6 binary system, exhibiting strong crystallinity and modest miscibility. ITOA optimizes the morphology by promoting intensive molecular packing, reducing domain size, and establishing a preferred vertical phase distribution. These features contribute to improved and well-balanced charge transport, suppressed carrier recombination, and efficient exciton dissociation. Consequently, a significantly enhanced efficiency of 18.62% for the ternary device is achieved, accompanied by increased short-circuit current density (JSC), fill factor (FF), and open-circuit voltage (VOC). Building on this success, replacing Y6 with BTP-eC9 leads to an outstanding PCE of 19.33% for the ternary OSCs. Notably, the introduction of ITOA expedites the formation of the optimized morphology, resulting in an impressive PCE of 18.04% for the ternary device without any postprocessing. Moreover, the ternary device exhibits enhanced operational stability under maximum power point (MPP) tracking. This comprehensive study demonstrates that a rationally designed guest molecule can optimize morphology, reduce energy loss, and streamline the fabrication process, essential for achieving high efficiency and stability in OSCs, paving the way for practical commercial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Zhang
- Hoffmann Institute of Advanced MaterialsShenzhen Polytechnic UniversityShenzhenGuangdong518055China
- Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE)Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'anShaanxi710072China
| | - Xiuzun Zhong
- Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE)Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'anShaanxi710072China
| | - Xiaokang Sun
- Hoffmann Institute of Advanced MaterialsShenzhen Polytechnic UniversityShenzhenGuangdong518055China
- School of Materials Science and EngineeringXiangtan UniversityXiangtanHunan411105China
| | - Jie Lv
- Hoffmann Institute of Advanced MaterialsShenzhen Polytechnic UniversityShenzhenGuangdong518055China
| | - Yaxiong Ji
- Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate SchoolTsinghua UniversityShenzhenGuangdong518055China
| | - Jiehao Fu
- Department of Electronic and Information EngineeringResearch Institute for Smart Energy (RISE)The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongKowloon999077China
| | - Chaoyue Zhao
- College of New Materials and New EnergiesShenzhen Technology UniversityShenzhenGuangdong518118China
| | - Yiguo Yao
- Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE)Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'anShaanxi710072China
| | - Guangye Zhang
- College of New Materials and New EnergiesShenzhen Technology UniversityShenzhenGuangdong518118China
| | - Wanyuan Deng
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and DevicesSouth China University of TechnologyGuangzhouGuangdong510641China
| | - Kai Wang
- Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE)Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi'anShaanxi710072China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Electronic and Information EngineeringResearch Institute for Smart Energy (RISE)The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongKowloon999077China
| | - Hanlin Hu
- Hoffmann Institute of Advanced MaterialsShenzhen Polytechnic UniversityShenzhenGuangdong518055China
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5
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Song W, Ye Q, Chen Z, Ge J, Xie L, Ge Z. Advances in Stretchable Organic Photovoltaics: Flexible Transparent Electrodes and Deformable Active Layer Design. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2311170. [PMID: 38813892 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202311170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
Stretchable organic photovoltaics (OPVs) have attracted significant attention as promising power sources for wearable electronic systems owing to their superior robustness under repetitive tensile strains and their good compatibility. However, reconciling a high power-conversion efficiency and a reasonable flexibility is a tremendous challenge. In addition, the development of stretchable OPVs must be accelerated to satisfy the increasing requirements of niche markets for mechanical robustness. Stretchable OPV devices can be classified as either structurally or intrinsically stretchable. This work reviews recent advances in stretchable OPVs, including the design of mechanically robust transparent electrodes, photovoltaic materials, and devices. Initially, an overview of the characteristics and recent research progress in the areas of structurally and intrinsically stretchable OPVs is provided. Subsequently, research into flexible and stretchable transparent electrodes that directly affect the performances of stretchable OPVs is summarized and analyzed. Overall, this review aims to provide an in-depth understanding of the intrinsic properties of highly efficient and deformable active materials, while also emphasizing advanced strategies for simultaneously improving the photovoltaic performance and mechanical flexibility of the active layer, including material design, multi-component settings, and structural optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Song
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Qinrui Ye
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhenyu Chen
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jinfeng Ge
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lin Xie
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ziyi Ge
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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Ding Y, Memon WA, Zhang D, Zhu Y, Xiong S, Wang Z, Liu J, Li H, Lai H, Shao M, He F. Dimerized Acceptors with Conjugate-Break Linker Enable Highly Efficient and Mechanically Robust Organic Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202403139. [PMID: 38530206 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202403139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Designing new acceptors is critical for intrinsically stretchable organic solar cells (IS-OSCs) with high efficiency and mechanical robustness. However, nearly all stretchable polymer acceptors exhibit limited efficiency and high-performance small molecular acceptors are very brittle. In this regard, we select thienylene-alkane-thienylene (TAT) as the conjugate-break linker and synthesize four dimerized acceptors by the regulation of connecting sites and halogen substitutions. It is found that the connecting sites and halogen substitutions considerably impact the overall electronic structures, aggregation behaviors, and charge transport properties. Benefiting from the optimization of the molecular structure, the dimerized acceptor exhibits rational phase separation within the blend films, which significantly facilitates exciton dissociation while effectively suppressing charge recombination processes. Consequently, FDY-m-TAT-based rigid OSCs render the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.07 % among reported acceptors containing conjugate-break linker. Most importantly, FDY-m-TAT-based IS-OSCs achieve high PCE (14.29 %) and remarkable stretchability (crack-onset strain [COS]=18.23 %), significantly surpassing Y6-based counterpart (PCE=12.80 % and COS=8.50 %). To sum up, these findings demonstrate that dimerized acceptors containing conjugate-break linkers have immense potential in developing highly efficient and mechanically robust OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Ding
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Waqar Ali Memon
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yiwu Zhu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Shilong Xiong
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Junfeng Liu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Heng Li
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Hanjian Lai
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Ming Shao
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Feng He
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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7
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Lee JW, Park JS, Jeon H, Lee S, Jeong D, Lee C, Kim YH, Kim BJ. Recent progress and prospects of dimer and multimer acceptors for efficient and stable polymer solar cells. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:4674-4706. [PMID: 38529583 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00895a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
High power conversion efficiency (PCE) and long-term stability are essential prerequisites for the commercialization of polymer solar cells (PSCs). Small-molecule acceptors (SMAs) are core materials that have led to recent, rapid increases in the PCEs of the PSCs. However, a critical limitation of the resulting PSCs is their poor long-term stability. Blend morphology degradation from rapid diffusion of SMAs with low glass transition temperatures (Tgs) is considered the main cause of the poor long-term stability of the PSCs. The recent emergence of oligomerized SMAs (OSMAs), composed of two or more repeating SMA units (i.e., dimerized and trimerized SMAs), has shown great promise in overcoming these challenges. This innovation in material design has enabled OSMA-based PSCs to reach impressive PCEs near 19% and exceptional long-term stability. In this review, we summarize the evolution of OSMAs, including their research background and recent progress in molecular design. In particular, we discuss the mechanisms for high PCE and stability of OSMA-based PSCs and suggest useful design guidelines for high-performance OSMAs. Furthermore, we reflect on the existing hurdles and future directions for OSMA materials towards achieving commercially viable PSCs with high PCEs and operational stabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Woo Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jin Su Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyesu Jeon
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seungjin Lee
- Advanced Energy Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Dahyun Jeong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Changyeon Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Hi Kim
- Department of Chemistry and RINS, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Bumjoon J Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
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8
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Zhang J, Chen Q, Li M, Zhang G, Zhang Z, Deng X, Xue J, Zhao C, Xiao C, Ma W, Li W. Carboxylating Elastomer via Thiol-Ene Click Reaction to Improve Miscibility with Conjugated Polymers for Mechanically Robust Organic Solar Cells with Efficiency of 19. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2312805. [PMID: 38319917 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202312805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Incorporating flexible insulating polymers is a straightforward strategy to enhance the mechanical properties of rigid conjugated polymers, enabling their use in flexible electronic devices. However, maintaining electronic characteristics simultaneously is challenging due to the poor miscibility between insulating polymers and conjugated polymers. This study introduces the carboxylation of insulating polymers as an effective strategy to enhance miscibility with conjugated polymers via surface energy modulation and hydrogen bonding. The carboxylated elastomer, synthesized via a thiol-ene click reaction, closely matches the surface energy of the conjugated polymer. This significantly improves the mechanical properties, achieving a high crack-onset strain of 21.48%, surpassing that (5.93%) of the unmodified elastomer:conjugated polymer blend. Upon incorporating the carboxylated elastomer into PM6:L8-BO-based organic solar cells, an impressive power conversion efficiency of 19.04% is attained, which top-performs among insulating polymer-incorporated devices and outperforms devices with unmodified elastomer or neat PM6:L8-BO. The superior efficiency is attributed to the optimized microstructures and enhanced crystallinity for efficient and balanced charge transport, and suppressed charge recombination. Furthermore, flexible devices with 5% carboxylated elastomer exhibit superior mechanical stability, retaining ≈88.9% of the initial efficiency after 40 000 bending cycles at a 1 mm radius, surpassing ≈83.5% for devices with 5% unmodified elastomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Qiaomei Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Mengdi Li
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang, 330096, P. R. China
| | - Guangcong Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Zhou Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Xiangmeng Deng
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang, 330096, P. R. China
| | - Jingwei Xue
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Chaowei Zhao
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang, 330096, P. R. China
| | - Chengyi Xiao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
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9
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Paleti SHK, Kim Y, Kimpel J, Craighero M, Haraguchi S, Müller C. Impact of doping on the mechanical properties of conjugated polymers. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:1702-1729. [PMID: 38265833 PMCID: PMC10876084 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00833a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Conjugated polymers exhibit a unique portfolio of electrical and electrochemical behavior, which - paired with the mechanical properties that are typical for macromolecules - make them intriguing candidates for a wide range of application areas from wearable electronics to bioelectronics. However, the degree of oxidation or reduction of the polymer can strongly impact the mechanical response and thus must be considered when designing flexible or stretchable devices. This tutorial review first explores how the chain architecture, processing as well as the resulting nano- and microstructure impact the rheological and mechanical properties. In addition, different methods for the mechanical characterization of thin films and bulk materials such as fibers are summarized. Then, the review discusses how chemical and electrochemical doping alter the mechanical properties in terms of stiffness and ductility. Finally, the mechanical response of (doped) conjugated polymers is discussed in the context of (1) organic photovoltaics, representing thin-film devices with a relatively low charge-carrier density, (2) organic thermoelectrics, where chemical doping is used to realize thin films or bulk materials with a high doping level, and (3) organic electrochemical transistors, where electrochemical doping allows high charge-carrier densities to be reached, albeit accompanied by significant swelling. In the future, chemical and electrochemical doping may not only allow modulation and optimization of the electrical and electrochemical behavior of conjugated polymers, but also facilitate the design of materials with a tunable mechanical response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sri Harish Kumar Paleti
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Youngseok Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Joost Kimpel
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Mariavittoria Craighero
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Shuichi Haraguchi
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Christian Müller
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Göteborg, Sweden
- Wallenberg Wood Science Center, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Göteborg, Sweden.
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10
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Li S, Gao M, Zhou K, Li X, Xian K, Zhao W, Chen Y, He C, Ye L. Achieving Record-High Stretchability and Mechanical Stability in Organic Photovoltaic Blends with a Dilute-absorber Strategy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2307278. [PMID: 37865872 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202307278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Organic solar cells (OSCs) have potential for applications in wearable electronics. Except for high power conversion efficiency (PCE), excellent tensile properties and mechanical stability are required for achieving high-performance wearable OSCs, while the present metrics barely meet the stretchable requirements. Herein, this work proposes a facile and low-cost strategy for constructing intrinsically stretchable OSCs by introducing a readily accessible polymer elastomer as a diluent for all-polymer photovoltaic blends. Remarkably, record-high stretchability with a fracture strain of up to 1000% and mechanical stability with elastic recovery >90% under cyclic tensile tests are realized in the OSCs active layers for the first time. Specifically, the tensile properties of best-performing all-polymer photovoltaic blends are increased by up to 250 times after blending. Previously unattainable performance metrics (fracture strain >50% and PCE >10%) are achieved simultaneously for the resulting photovoltaic films. Furthermore, an overall evaluation parameter y is proposed for the efficiency-cost- stretchability balance of photovoltaic blend films. The y value of dilute-absorber system is two orders of magnitude greater than those of prior state-of-the-art systems. Additionally, intrinsically stretchable devices are prepared to showcase the mechanical stability. Overall, this work offers a new avenue for constructing and comprehensively evaluating intrinsically stretchable organic electronic films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saimeng Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Mengyuan Gao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Kangkang Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Xin Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Kaihu Xian
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Wenchao Zhao
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chunyong He
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Spallation Neutron Source Science Center, Dongguan, 523803, China
| | - Long Ye
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
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11
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Zhang J, Mao H, Zhou K, Zhang L, Luo D, Wang P, Ye L, Chen Y. Polymer-Entangled Spontaneous Pseudo-Planar Heterojunction for Constructing Efficient Flexible Organic Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2309379. [PMID: 37901965 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202309379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Flexible organic solar cells (FOSCs) have attracted considerable attention from researchers as promising portable power sources for wearable electronic devices. However, insufficient power conversion efficiency (PCE), intrinsic stretchability, and mechanical stability of FOSCs remain severe obstacles to their application. Herein, an entangled strategy is proposed for the synergistic optimization of PCE and mechanical properties of FOSCs through green sequential printing combined with polymer-induced spontaneous gradient heterojunction phase separation morphology. Impressively, the toughened-pseudo-planar heterojunction (Toughened-PPHJ) film exhibits excellent tensile properties with a crack onset strain (COS) of 11.0%, twice that of the reference bulk heterojunction (BHJ) film (5.5%), which is among the highest values reported for the state-of-the-art polymer/small molecule-based systems. Finite element simulation of stress distribution during film bending confirms that Toughened-PPHJ film can release residual stress well. Therefore, this optimal device shows a high PCE (18.16%) with enhanced (short-circuit current density) JSC and suppressed energy loss, which is a significant improvement over the conventional BHJ device (16.99%). Finally, the 1 cm2 flexible Toughened-PPHJ device retains more than 92% of its initial PCE (13.3%) after 1000 bending cycles. This work provides a feasible guiding idea for future flexible portable power supplies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayou Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis/Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Houdong Mao
- Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC)/Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of New Energy Chemistry, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Kangkang Zhou
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Lifu Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis/Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Dou Luo
- Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Pei Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis/Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang, 330022, China
| | - Long Ye
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Yiwang Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis/Key Laboratory of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang, 330022, China
- Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC)/Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of New Energy Chemistry, Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
- Peking University Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics, Nantong, 226010, China
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12
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Wang J, Wang Y, Xian K, Qiao J, Chen Z, Bi P, Zhang T, Zheng Z, Hao X, Ye L, Zhang S, Hou J. Regulating Phase Separation Kinetics for High-Efficiency and Mechanically Robust All-Polymer Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2305424. [PMID: 37541659 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202305424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
All-polymer solar cells (all-PSCs) possess excellent operation stability and mechanical robustness than other types of organic solar cells, thereby attracting considerable attention for wearable flexible electron devices. However, the power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of all-PSCs are still lagging behind those of small-molecule-acceptor-based systems owing to the limitation of photoactive materials and unsatisfactory blend morphology. In this work, a novel terpolymer, denoted as PBDB-TFCl (poly4,8-bis(5-(2-ethylhexyl)-4-fluorothiophen-2-yl)benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b″]dithiophene-1,3-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-5,7-di(thiophen-2-yl)-4H,8H-benzo[1,2-c:4,5-c″]dithiophene-4,8-dione-4,8-bis(4-chloro-5-(2-ethylhexyl)thiophen-2-yl)benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene), is used as an electron donor coupled with a ternary strategy to optimize the performance of all-PSCs. The addition of PBDB-TCl unit deepens the highest occupied molecular orbital energy level, reducing voltage losses. Moreover, the introduction of the guest donor (D18-Cl) effectively regulates the phase-transition kinetics of PBDB-TFCl:D18-Cl:PY-IT during the film formation, leading to ideal size of aggregations and enhanced crystallinity. PBDB-TFCl:D18-Cl:PY-IT devices exhibit a PCE of 18.6% (certified as 18.3%), judged as the highest value so far obtained with all-PSCs. Besides, based on the ternary active layer, the manufactured 36 cm2 flexible modules exhibit a PCE of 15.1%. Meanwhile, the ternary PSCs exhibit superior photostability and mechanical stability. In summary, the proposed strategy, based on molecular design and the ternary strategy, allows optimization of the all-polymer blend morphology and improvement of the photovoltaic performance for stable large-scale flexible PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yafei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Kaihu Xian
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Jiawei Qiao
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Zhihao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Pengqing Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhong Zheng
- School of Chemistry and Biology Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xiaotao Hao
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Long Ye
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Shaoqing Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Biology Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jianhui Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemistry and Biology Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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13
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Zheng X, Wu X, Wu Q, Han Y, Ding G, Wang Y, Kong Y, Chen T, Wang M, Zhang Y, Xue J, Fu W, Luo Q, Ma C, Ma W, Zuo L, Shi M, Chen H. Thorough Optimization for Intrinsically Stretchable Organic Photovoltaics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023:e2307280. [PMID: 38100730 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202307280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
The development of intrinsically stretchable organic photovoltaics (is-OPVs) with a high efficiency is of significance for practical application. However, their efficiencies lag far behind those of rigid or even flexible counterparts. To address this issue, an advanced top-illuminated OPV is designed and fabricated, which is intrinsically stretchable and has a high performance, through systematic optimizations from material to device. First, the stretchability of the active layer is largely increased by adding a low-elastic-modulus elastomer of styrene-ethylene-propylene-styrene tri-block copolymer (SEPS). Second, the stretchability and conductivity of the opaque electrode are enhanced by a conductive polymer/metal (denoted as M-PH1000@Ag) composite electrode strategy. Third, the optical and electrical properties of a sliver nanowire transparent electrode are improved by a solvent vapor annealing strategy. High-performance is-OPVs are successfully fabricated with a top-illuminated structure, which provides a record-high efficiency of 16.23%. Additionally, by incorporating 5-10% elastomer, a balance between the efficiency and stretchability of the is-OPVs is achieved. This study provides valuable insights into material and device optimizations for high-efficiency is-OPVs, with a low-cost production and excellent stretchability, which indicates a high potential for future applications of OPVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangjun Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoling Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Yunfei Han
- Printable Electronics Research Center, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Guanyu Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Yiming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Yibo Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Tianyi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Mengting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Yiqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Jingwei Xue
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Weifei Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
- Zhejiang University-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China
| | - Qun Luo
- Printable Electronics Research Center, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Changqi Ma
- Printable Electronics Research Center, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Lijian Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
- Zhejiang University-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China
| | - Minmin Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Hongzheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
- Zhejiang University-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China
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14
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Ye Q, Chen Z, Yang D, Song W, Zhu J, Yang S, Ge J, Chen F, Ge Z. Ductile Oligomeric Acceptor-Modified Flexible Organic Solar Cells Show Excellent Mechanical Robustness and Near 18% Efficiency. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2305562. [PMID: 37606278 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202305562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
High power conversion efficiency (PCE) and mechanical robustness are key requirements for wearable applications of organic solar cells (OSCs). However, almost all highly efficient photoactive films comprising polymer donors (PD ) and small molecule acceptors (SMAs) are mechanically brittle. In this study, highly efficient (PCE = 17.91%) and mechanically robust (crack-onset strain [COS] = 11.7%) flexible OSCs are fabricated by incorporating a ductile oligomeric acceptor (DOA) into the PD :SMA system, representing the most flexible OSCs to date. The photophysical, mechanical, and photovoltaic properties of D18:N3 with different DOAs are characterized. By introducing DOA DOY-C4 with a longer flexible alkyl linker and lower polymerization, the D18:N3:DOY-C4-based flexible OSCs exhibit a significantly higher PCE (17.91%) and 50% higher COS (11.7%) than the D18:N3-based device (PCE = 17.06%, COS = 7.8%). The flexible OSCs based on D18:N3:DOY-C4 retain 98% of the initial PCE after 2000 consecutive bending cycles, showing greater mechanical stability than the reference device (maintaining 89% of initial PCE). After careful investigation, it is hypothesized that the enhancement in mechanical properties is mainly due to the formation of tie chains or entanglement in the ternary blend films. These results demonstrate that DOAs have great potential for achieving high-performance flexible OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinrui Ye
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhenyu Chen
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Daobin Yang
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wei Song
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jintao Zhu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, 315100, China
| | - Shuncheng Yang
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Jinfeng Ge
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Fei Chen
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, 315100, China
| | - Ziyi Ge
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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15
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Song W, Ye Q, Yang S, Xie L, Meng Y, Chen Z, Gu Q, Yang D, Shi J, Ge Z. Ultra Robust and Highly Efficient Flexible Organic Solar Cells with Over 18 % Efficiency Realized by Incorporating a Linker Dimerized Acceptor. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202310034. [PMID: 37612732 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202310034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
The wearable application of flexible organic solar cells (f-OSCs) necessitates high power conversion efficiency (PCE) and mechanical robustness. However, photoactive films based on efficient non-fullerene small molecule acceptors (NF-SMAs) are typically brittle, leading to poor mechanical stability in devices. In this study, we achieved a remarkable PCE of 18.06 % in f-OSCs while maintaining ultrahigh mechanical robustness (with a crack-onset strain (COS) of higher than 11 %) by incorporating a linker dimerized acceptor (DOY-TVT). Compared to binary blends, ternary systems exhibit reduced non-radiative recombination, suppressed crystallization and diffusion of NF-SMAs, and improved load distribution across the chain networks, enabling the dissipation of the load energy. Thus, the ternary f-OSCs developed in this study achieved, high PCE and stability, surpassing binary OSCs. Moreover, the developed f-OSCs retained 97 % of the initial PCE even after 3000 bending cycles, indicating excellent mechanical stability (9.1 % higher than binary systems). Furthermore, the rigid device with inverted structure based on the optimal active layer exhibited a substantial increase in efficiency retention, with 89.6 % after 865 h at 85 °C and 93 % after more than 1300 h of shelf storage at 25 °C. These findings highlight the potential of the linker oligomer acceptor for realizing high-performing f-OSCs with ultrahigh mechanical robustness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Song
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1219 West Zhong Guan Road, ZhenhaiDistrict, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, P. R. China
| | - Qinrui Ye
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1219 West Zhong Guan Road, ZhenhaiDistrict, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, P. R. China
| | - Shuncheng Yang
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1219 West Zhong Guan Road, ZhenhaiDistrict, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, P. R. China
| | - Lin Xie
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1219 West Zhong Guan Road, ZhenhaiDistrict, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Meng
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1219 West Zhong Guan Road, ZhenhaiDistrict, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, P. R. China
| | - Zhenyu Chen
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1219 West Zhong Guan Road, ZhenhaiDistrict, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, P. R. China
| | - Qun Gu
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1219 West Zhong Guan Road, ZhenhaiDistrict, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, P. R. China
| | - Daobin Yang
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1219 West Zhong Guan Road, ZhenhaiDistrict, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, P. R. China
| | - Jingyu Shi
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1219 West Zhong Guan Road, ZhenhaiDistrict, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, P. R. China
| | - Ziyi Ge
- Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1219 West Zhong Guan Road, ZhenhaiDistrict, Ningbo, 315201, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, P. R. China
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16
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Chen F, Li Y, Chen Y, Wang YX, Hu W. Supramolecular interface decoration on a polymer conductor for an intrinsically stretchable near-infrared photodiode. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:11975-11978. [PMID: 37724429 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04189a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Stretchable photodiodes with near-infrared (NIR) response face the challenge of material deficiency. A supramolecular cathode with excellent optical, tensile and electrical properties was proposed. Together with a stretchable organic heterojunction, we developed an intrinsically stretchable NIR photodiode with high detectivity over 1011 Jones and that remained functional under 100% strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China.
| | - Yiming Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China.
| | - Yan Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China.
| | - Yi-Xuan Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China.
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, P. R. China
| | - Wenping Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China.
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, P. R. China
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17
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Zhuo Z, Ni M, An X, Bai L, Liang X, Yang J, Zheng Y, Liu B, Sun N, Sun L, Wei C, Yu N, Chen W, Li M, Xu M, Lin J, Huang W. Intrinsically Stretchable and Efficient Fully Π-Conjugated Polymer via Internal Plasticization for Flexible Deep-Blue Polymer Light-Emitting Diodes with CIE y = 0.08. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2303923. [PMID: 37435996 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202303923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Intrinsically stretchable polymeric semiconductors are essential to flexible polymer light-emitting diodes (PLEDs) owing to their excellent strain tolerance capacity under long-time deformation operation. Obtaining intrinsic stretchability, robust emission properties, and excellent charge-transport behavior simultaneously from fully π-conjugated polymers (FCPs) is difficult, particularly for applications in deep-blue PLEDs. Herein, an internal plasticization strategy is proposed to introduce a phenyl-ester plasticizer into polyfluorenes (PF-MC4, PF-MC6, and PF-MC8) for narrowband deep-blue flexible PLEDs. Compared with controlled poly[4-(octyloxy)-9,9-diphenylfluoren-2,7-diyl]-co-[5-(octyloxy)-9,9-diphenylfluoren-2,7-diyl] (PODPFs) (2.5%), the freestanding PF-MC8 thin film shows a fracture strain of >25%. The three stretchable films exhibit stable and efficient deep-blue emission (PLQY > 50%) because of the encapsulation of π-conjugated backbone via pendant phenyl-ester plasticizers. The PF-MC8-based PLEDs show deep-blue emission, which corresponds to CIE and EQE values of (0.16, 0.10) and 1.06%, respectively. Finally, the narrowband deep-blue electroluminescence (FWHM of ≈25 nm; CIE coordinates: (0.15, 0.08)) and performance of the transferred PLEDs based on the PF-MC8 stretchable film are independent of the tensile ratio (up to 45%); however, they show a maximum brightness of 1976 cd m-2 at a ratio of 35%. Therefore, internal plasticization is a promising approach for designing intrinsically stretchable FCPs for flexible electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Zhuo
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Mingjian Ni
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Xiang An
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Lubing Bai
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Xinyu Liang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Yingying Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Ning Sun
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Lili Sun
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Chuanxin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Ningning Yu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Wenyu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Mengyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Man Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jinyi Lin
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
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18
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Cheng Y, Mao Q, Zhou C, Huang X, Liu J, Deng J, Sun Z, Jeong S, Cho Y, Zhang Y, Huang B, Wu F, Yang C, Chen L. Regulating the Sequence Structure of Conjugated Block Copolymers Enables Large-Area Single-Component Organic Solar Cells with High Efficiency and Stability. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202308267. [PMID: 37539636 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202308267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Single-component organic solar cells (SCOSCs) based on conjugated block copolymers (CBCs) by covalently bonding a polymer donor and polymer acceptor become more and more appealing due to the formation of a favorable and stable morphology. Unfortunately, a deep understanding of the effect of the assembly behavior caused by the sequence structure of CBCs on the device performance is still missing. Herein, from the aspect of manipulating the sequence length and distribution regularity of CBCs, we synthesized a series of new CBCs, namely D18(20)-b-PYIT, D18(40)-b-PYIT and D18(60)-b-PYIT by two-pot polymerization, and D18(40)-b-PYIT(r) by traditional one-pot method. It is observed that precise manipulation of sequence length and distribution regularity of the polymer blocks fine-tunes the self-assembly of the CBCs, optimizes film morphology, improves optoelectronic properties, and reduces energy loss, leading to simultaneously improved efficiency and stability. Among these CBCs, the D18(40)-b-PYIT-based device achieves a high efficiency of 13.4 % with enhanced stability, which is an outstanding performance among SCOSCs. Importantly, the regular sequence distribution and suitable sequence length of the CBCs enable a facile film-forming process of the printed device. For the first time, the blade-coated large-area rigid/flexible SCOSCs are fabricated, delivering an impressive efficiency of 11.62 %/10.73 %, much higher than their corresponding binary devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Cheng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC), Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Qilong Mao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC), Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Chunxiang Zhou
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC), Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Xuexiang Huang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC), Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Jiabin Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC), Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Jiawei Deng
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC), Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Zhe Sun
- Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Seonghun Jeong
- Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Yongjoon Cho
- Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Youhui Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC), Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Bin Huang
- School of Metallurgical and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology 156 Ke Jia Road, Ganzhou, 341000 (China)
| | - Feiyan Wu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC), Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Changduk Yang
- Department of Energy Engineering, School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Lie Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC), Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
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19
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Seo S, Lee JW, Kim DJ, Lee D, Phan TNL, Park J, Tan Z, Cho S, Kim TS, Kim BJ. Poly(dimethylsiloxane)-block-PM6 Polymer Donors for High-Performance and Mechanically Robust Polymer Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2300230. [PMID: 36929364 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202300230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
High power conversion efficiency (PCE) and stretchability are the dual requirements for the wearable application of polymer solar cells (PSCs). However, most efficient photoactive films are mechanically brittle. In this work, highly efficient (PCE = 18%) and mechanically robust (crack-onset strain (COS) = 18%) PSCs are acheived by designing block copolymer (BCP) donors, PM6-b-PDMSx (x = 5k, 12k, and 19k). In these BCP donors, stretchable poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) blocks are covalently linked with the PM6 blocks to effectively increase the stretchability. The stretchability of the BCP donors increases with a longer PDMS block, and PM6-b-PDMS19k :L8-BO PSC exhibits a high PCE (18%) and 9-times higher COS value (18%) compared to that (COS = 2%) of the PM6:L8-BO-based PSC. However, the PM6:L8-BO:PDMS12k ternary blend shows inferior PCE (5%) and COS (1%) due to the macrophase separation between PDMS and active components. In the intrinsically stretchable PSC, the PM6-b-PDMS19k :L8-BO blend exhibits significantly greater mechanical stability PCE80% ((80% of the initial PCE) at 36% strain) than those of the PM6:L8-BO blend (PCE80% at 12% strain) and the PM6:L8-BO:PDMS ternary blend (PCE80% at 4% strain). This study suggests an effective design strategy of BCP PD to achieve stretchable and efficient PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soodeok Seo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Woo Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Jun Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongchan Lee
- Department of Physics and EHSRC, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, 44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Tan Ngoc-Lan Phan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinseok Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Zhengping Tan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Shinuk Cho
- Department of Physics and EHSRC, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, 44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Taek-Soo Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Bumjoon J Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
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20
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Ma L, Cui Y, Zhang J, Xian K, Chen Z, Zhou K, Zhang T, Wang W, Yao H, Zhang S, Hao X, Ye L, Hou J. High-Efficiency and Mechanically Robust All-Polymer Organic Photovoltaic Cells Enabled by Optimized Fibril Network Morphology. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2208926. [PMID: 36537085 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202208926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
All-polymer organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells possessing high photovoltaic performance and mechanical robustness are promising candidates for flexible wearable devices. However, developing photoactive materials with good mechanical properties and photovoltaic performance so far remains challenging. In this work, a polymer donor PBDB-TF with a high weight-average molecular weight (Mw ) is introduced to enable highly efficient all-polymer OPV cells featuring excellent mechanical reliability. By incorporating the high-Mw PBDB-TF as a third component into the PBQx-TF:PY-IT blend, the bulk heterojunction morphology is finely tuned with a more compact π-π stacking distance, affording efficient pathways for charge transport as well as mechanical stress dissipation. Hence, all-polymer OPV cells based on the ternary blend film demonstrate a maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.2% with an outstanding fill factor of 0.796. The flexible OPV cell delivers a decent PCE of 16.5% with high mechanical stability. These results present a promising strategy to address the mechanical properties and boost the photovoltaic performance of all-polymer OPV cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijiao Ma
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Yong Cui
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Jianqi Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Kaihu Xian
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Zhihao Chen
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Shandong, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Kangkang Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Wenxuan Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Huifeng Yao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Shaoqing Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Biology Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Xiaotao Hao
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Shandong, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Long Ye
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Jianhui Hou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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21
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Liu J, Wang J, Xian K, Zhao W, Zhou Z, Li S, Ye L. Organic and quantum dot hybrid photodetectors: towards full-band and fast detection. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:260-269. [PMID: 36510729 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc05281d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Photodetectors hold great application potential in many fields such as image sensing, night vision, infrared communication and health monitoring. To date, commercial photodetectors mainly rely on inorganic semiconductors, e.g., monocrystalline silicon, germanium, and indium selenide/gallium with complex and costly fabrication, which are hardly compatible with wearable electronics. In contrast, organic conjugated materials provide great superiority in flexibility and stretchability. In this Highlight, the unique properties of organic and quantum dot photodetectors were firstly discussed to reveal the great complementarity of the two technologies. Subsequently, the recent advance of organic/quantum dot hybrid photodetectors was outlined to highlight their great potential in developing broadband and high-performance photodetectors. Moreover, the multiple functions (e.g., dual-band detection and upconversion detection) of hybrid photodetectors were highlighted for their promising application in image sensing and infrared detection. Lastly, we present a forword-looking discussion on the challenges and our insights for the further advancement of hybrid photodetectors. This work may spark enormous research attention in organic/quantum dot electronics and advance the commercial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300350, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China.
| | - Jingjing Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300350, China.
| | - Kaihu Xian
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300350, China.
| | - Wenchao Zhao
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Zhihua Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300350, China.
| | - Shaojuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China.
| | - Long Ye
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300350, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China.
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22
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Liu J, Deng J, Zhu Y, Geng X, Zhang L, Jeong SY, Zhou D, Woo HY, Chen D, Wu F, Chen L. Regulation of Polymer Configurations Enables Green Solvent-Processed Large-Area Binary All-Polymer Solar Cells With Breakthrough Performance and High Efficiency Stretchability Factor. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2208008. [PMID: 36271739 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202208008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
With the great potential of the all-polymer solar cells for large-area wearable devices, both large-area device efficiency and mechanical flexibility are very critical but attract limited attention. In this work, from the perspective of the polymer configurations, two types of terpolymer acceptors PYTX-A and PYTX-B (X = Cl or H) are developed. The configuration difference caused by the replacement of non-conjugated units results in distinct photovoltaic performance and mechanical flexibility. Benefiting from a good match between the intrinsically slow film-forming of the active materials and the technically slow film-forming of the blade-coating process, the toluene-processed large-area (1.21 cm2 ) binary device achieves a record efficiency of 14.70%. More importantly, a new parameter of efficiency stretchability factor (ESF) is proposed for the first time to comprehensively evaluate the overall device performance. PM6:PYTCl-A and PM6:PYTCl-B yield significantly higher ESF than PM6:PY-IT. Further blending with non-conjugated polymer donor PM6-A, the best ESF of 3.12% is achieved for PM6-A:PYTCl-A, which is among the highest comprehensive performances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabin Liu
- College of Chemistry and Engineering/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC), Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, P. R. China
| | - Jiawei Deng
- College of Chemistry and Engineering/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC), Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, P. R. China
| | - Yangyang Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Engineering/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC), Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, P. R. China
| | - Xiaokang Geng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Lifu Zhang
- Institute of Advanced Scientific Research (iASR), Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, P. R. China
| | - Sang Young Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Dan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants, Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, 330063, P. R. China
| | - Han Young Woo
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Chen
- Institute of Advanced Scientific Research (iASR), Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, 330022, P. R. China
| | - Feiyan Wu
- College of Chemistry and Engineering/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC), Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, P. R. China
| | - Lie Chen
- College of Chemistry and Engineering/Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC), Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, P. R. China
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23
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Peng Z, Xian K, Liu J, Zhang Y, Sun X, Zhao W, Deng Y, Li X, Yang C, Bian F, Geng Y, Ye L. Unraveling the Stretch-Induced Microstructural Evolution and Morphology-Stretchability Relationships of High-Performance Ternary Organic Photovoltaic Blends. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2207884. [PMID: 36333886 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202207884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The stretchability and stretch-induced structural evolution of organic solar cells (OSCs) are pivotal for their collapsible, portable, and wearable applications, and they are mainly affected by the complex morphology of active layers. Herein, a highly ductile conjugated polymer P(NDI2OD-T2) is incorporated into the active layers of high-efficiency OSCs based on nonfullerene small molecule acceptors to simultaneously investigate the morphological, mechanical, and photovoltaic properties and structural evolution under stretching of ternary blend films with various acceptor contents. The structural robustness of the blend films is indicated by their stretch-induced structural evolution, which is monitored in real-time by a combination of in situ wide/small angle X-ray scattering. It is found that adding the soft P(NDI2OD-T2) can enhance the stretchability and structural robustness of ternary blend films by more entangled chains and tie chains to dissipate strain. Furthermore, the stretchability of the ternary blends can be superbly predicted by a 3D equivalent box model. This work provides instructive insight and guidance for designing stretchable electronics and predicting the stretchability of multicomponent blends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongxiang Peng
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201204, China
| | - Kaihu Xian
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Junwei Liu
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Yaowen Zhang
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201204, China
| | - Xiaokang Sun
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201204, China
| | - Wenchao Zhao
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Yunfeng Deng
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Xiuhong Li
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201204, China
| | - Chunming Yang
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201204, China
| | - Fenggang Bian
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201204, China
| | - Yanhou Geng
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
- Joint School of National University of Singapore and Tianjin University, International Campus of Tianjin University, Binhai New City, Fuzhou, 350207, China
| | - Long Ye
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
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24
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Lee JW, Seo S, Lee SW, Kim GU, Han S, Phan TNL, Lee S, Li S, Kim TS, Lee JY, Kim BJ. Intrinsically Stretchable, Highly Efficient Organic Solar Cells Enabled by Polymer Donors Featuring Hydrogen-Bonding Spacers. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2207544. [PMID: 36153847 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202207544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Intrinsically stretchable organic solar cells (IS-OSCs), consisting of all stretchable layers, are attracting significant attention as a future power source for wearable electronics. However, most of the efficient active layers for OSCs are mechanically brittle due to their rigid molecular structures designed for high electrical and optical properties. Here, a series of new polymer donors (PD s, PhAmX) featuring phenyl amide (N1 ,N3 -bis((5-bromothiophen-2-yl)methyl)isophthalamide, PhAm)-based flexible spacer (FS) inducing hydrogen-bonding (H-bonding) interactions is developed. These PD s enable IS-OSCs with a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 12.73% and excellent stretchability (PCE retention of >80% of the initial value at 32% strain), representing the best performances among the reported IS-OSCs to date. The incorporation of PhAm-based FS enhances the molecular ordering of PD s as well as their interactions with a Y7 acceptor, enhancing the mechanical stretchability and electrical properties simultaneously. It is also found that in rigid OSCs, the PhAm5:Y7 blend achieves a much higher PCE of 17.5% compared to that of the reference PM6:Y7 blend. The impact of the PhAm-FS linker on the mechanical and photovoltaic properties of OSCs is thoroughly investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Woo Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Soodeok Seo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Woo Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Geon-U Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungseok Han
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Tan Ngoc-Lan Phan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungjin Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sheng Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Taek-Soo Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Yong Lee
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Bumjoon J Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
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25
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Waqas M, Hadia N, Hessien M, Javaid Akram S, Shawky AM, Iqbal J, Ibrahim MA, Ahmad Khera R. Designing of symmetrical A-D-A type non-fullerene acceptors by side-chain engineering of an indacenodithienothiophene (IDTT) core based molecule: A computational approach. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2022.113904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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26
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Jeon KH, Park JW. Light-Emitting Polymer Blended with Elastomers for Stretchable Polymer Light-Emitting Diodes. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Hoo Jeon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Jin-Woo Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
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27
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Ding Y, Zhu Y, Wang H, Wang Y, Gu X, Wang X, Qiu L. Improving Electrical and Mechanical Properties of Blend Films via Optimizing Solution-Processable Techniques and Controlling the Semiconductor Molecular Weight. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c00765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Ding
- National Engineering Lab of Special Display Technology, Special Display and Imaging Technology Innovation Center of Anhui Province, Academy of Opto-Electronic Technology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
- Intelligent Interconnected Systems Laboratory of Anhui, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Measuring Theory and Precision Instrument, School of Instrument Science and Opto-Electronic Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Yingman Zhu
- National Engineering Lab of Special Display Technology, Special Display and Imaging Technology Innovation Center of Anhui Province, Academy of Opto-Electronic Technology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
- Intelligent Interconnected Systems Laboratory of Anhui, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Measuring Theory and Precision Instrument, School of Instrument Science and Opto-Electronic Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Heng Wang
- National Engineering Lab of Special Display Technology, Special Display and Imaging Technology Innovation Center of Anhui Province, Academy of Opto-Electronic Technology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
- Intelligent Interconnected Systems Laboratory of Anhui, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Measuring Theory and Precision Instrument, School of Instrument Science and Opto-Electronic Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Yunfei Wang
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, United States
| | - Xiaodan Gu
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, United States
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- National Engineering Lab of Special Display Technology, Special Display and Imaging Technology Innovation Center of Anhui Province, Academy of Opto-Electronic Technology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
- Intelligent Interconnected Systems Laboratory of Anhui, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Measuring Theory and Precision Instrument, School of Instrument Science and Opto-Electronic Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Longzhen Qiu
- National Engineering Lab of Special Display Technology, Special Display and Imaging Technology Innovation Center of Anhui Province, Academy of Opto-Electronic Technology, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
- Intelligent Interconnected Systems Laboratory of Anhui, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Measuring Theory and Precision Instrument, School of Instrument Science and Opto-Electronic Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
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28
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Wang J, Cui Y, Xu Y, Xian K, Bi P, Chen Z, Zhou K, Ma L, Zhang T, Yang Y, Zu Y, Yao H, Hao X, Ye L, Hou J. A New Polymer Donor Enables Binary All-Polymer Organic Photovoltaic Cells with 18% Efficiency and Excellent Mechanical Robustness. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2205009. [PMID: 35838497 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202205009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The development of polymerized small-molecule acceptors has boosted the power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of all-polymer organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells to 17%. However, the polymer donors suitable for all-polymer OPV cells are still lacking, restricting the further improvement of their PCEs. Herein, a new polymer donor named PQM-Cl is designed and its photovoltaic performance is explored. The negative electrostatic potential and low average local ionization energy distribution of the PQM-Cl surface enable efficient charge generation and transfer process. When blending with a well-used polymer acceptor, PY-IT, the PQM-Cl-based devices deliver an impressive PCE of 18.0% with a superior fill factor of 80.7%, both of which are the highest values for all-polymer OPV cells. The relevant measurements demonstrate that PQM-Cl-based films possess excellent mechanical and flexible properties. As such, PQM-Cl-based flexible photovoltaic cells are fabricated and an excellent PCE of 16.5% with high mechanical stability is displayed. These results demonstrate that PQM-Cl is a potential candidate for all-polymer OPV cells and provide insights into the design of polymer donors for high-efficient all-polymer OPV cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yong Cui
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Ye Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Kaihu Xian
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Pengqing Bi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Zhihao Chen
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Shandong, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Kangkang Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Lijiao Ma
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yi Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yunfei Zu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Huifeng Yao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Xiaotao Hao
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Shandong, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Long Ye
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300350, P. R. China
| | - Jianhui Hou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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29
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Spirothienoquinoline-based acceptor molecular systems for organic solar cell applications: DFT investigation. J Mol Model 2022; 28:244. [PMID: 35927594 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-022-05226-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
In this research, eight three-dimensional benzothiadiazole and spirothienoquinoline-based donor molecules of the A-D-A-D-A configuration were formulated by introducing new acceptor groups (A1-A4) to the terminal sites of recently synthesized potent donor molecule (tBuSAF-Th-BT-Th-tBuSAF). Frontier molecular orbital analysis, reorganization energies, the density of states analysis, transition density matrix analysis, dipole moment, open-circuit voltage, and some photophysical properties were all assessed using CAMB3LYP/LanL2DZ. The optoelectronic properties of freshly proposed compounds were compared to the reference molecule (SQR). Due to the existence of robust electron-attracting acceptor moiety, SQM3 and SQM7 had the greatest maximum absorption of all other investigated molecules, with the values of 534 and 536 nm, respectively. The maximum dipole moment, narrow bandgap (3.81 eV and 3.66 eV), and HOMO energies (- 5.92 eV, 5.95 eV) are also found in SQM3 and SQM7, respectively. The SQM3 molecule also possesses the least reorganization energy for hole mobility (0.007237 eV) than all other considered molecules. The open-circuit voltage of all the molecules considered to be donors, was calculated with respect to PC61BM and it is estimated that except SQM7 and SQM3 all other newly developed molecules have improved open-circuit voltage. The findings show that most of the designed donor molecules can perform better experimentally and should be employed for practical implementations in the future.
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30
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Park JS, Kim GU, Lee S, Lee JW, Li S, Lee JY, Kim BJ. Material Design and Device Fabrication Strategies for Stretchable Organic Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2201623. [PMID: 35765775 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202201623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of organic solar cells (OSCs) have greatly enhanced their commercial viability. Considering the technical standards (e.g., mechanical robustness) required for wearable electronics, which are promising application platforms for OSCs, the development of fully stretchable OSCs (f-SOSCs) should be accelerated. Here, a comprehensive overview of f-SOSCs, which are aimed to reliably operate under various forms of mechanical stress, including bending and multidirectional stretching, is provided. First, the mechanical requirements of f-SOSCs, in terms of tensile and cohesion/adhesion properties, are summarized along with the experimental methods to evaluate those properties. Second, essential studies to make each layer of f-SOSCs stretchable and efficient are discussed, emphasizing strategies to simultaneously enhance the photovoltaic and mechanical properties of the active layer, ranging from material design to fabrication control. Key improvements to the other components/layers (i.e., substrate, electrodes, and interlayers) are also covered. Lastly, considering that f-SOSC research is in its infancy, the current challenges and future prospects are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Su Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Geon-U Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungjin Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Woo Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sheng Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Yong Lee
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Bumjoon J Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
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31
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Cho H, Lee B, Jang D, Yoon J, Chung S, Hong Y. Recent progress in strain-engineered elastic platforms for stretchable thin-film devices. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2022; 9:2053-2075. [PMID: 35703019 DOI: 10.1039/d2mh00470d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Strain-engineered elastic platforms that can efficiently distribute mechanical stress under deformation offer adjustable mechanical compliance for stretchable electronic systems. By fully exploiting strain-free regions that are favourable for fabricating thin-film devices and interconnecting with reliably stretchable conductors, various electronic systems can be integrated onto stretchable platforms with the assistance of strain engineering strategies. Over the last decade, applications of multifunctional stretchable thin-film devices simultaneously exhibiting superior electrical and mechanical performance have been demonstrated, shedding light on the realization of further reliable human-machine interfaces. This review highlights recent developments in enabling technologies for strain-engineered elastic platforms. In particular, representative approaches to realize strain-engineered substrates and stretchable interconnects in island-bridge configurations are introduced from the perspective of the material homogeneity and structural design of the substrate. State-of-the-art achievements in sophisticated stretchable electronic devices on strain-engineered elastic platforms are also presented, such as stretchable sensors, energy devices, thin-film transistors, and displays, and then, the challenges and outlook are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon Cho
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center (ISRC), Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Byeongmoon Lee
- Soft Hybrid Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea.
| | - Dongju Jang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center (ISRC), Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Jinsu Yoon
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center (ISRC), Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
| | - Seungjun Chung
- Soft Hybrid Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea.
- KHU-KIST Department of Converging Science and Technology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, 02447, Korea
| | - Yongtaek Hong
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Inter-University Semiconductor Research Center (ISRC), Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.
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32
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Wang Z, Zhang D, Xu M, Liu J, He J, Yang L, Li Z, Gao Y, Shao M. Intrinsically Stretchable Organic Solar Cells with Simultaneously Improved Mechanical Robustness and Morphological Stability Enabled by a Universal Crosslinking Strategy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2201589. [PMID: 35638221 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202201589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Developing intrinsically stretchable organic solar cells (OSCs) with excellent mechanical robustness and long-term operation stability is highly demanded for practical applications. Here, the representative PM6/Y6 active layer film, crosslinked by a photo-crosslinkable small molecule 2,6-bis(4-azidobenzylidene)cyclohexanone (BAC) containing azide groups, exhibits a significantly enhanced stretchability of 18% and toughness of 6.94 MJ m-3 , compared to non-crosslinked film (stretchability of 4.5% and toughness of 0.75 MJ m-3 ). It is found that controlling the crosslinking density, including crosslinker concentration and crosslinking time, plays a vital impact on the stretchability and mechanical toughness of active layer film. The resulting intrinsically stretchable OSCs achieve a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 13.4% and retain 80% of its performance even under the large strain of 20%. To date, this is the highest PCE for intrinsically stretchable OSCs based on small molecular acceptors. Moreover, crosslinking of active layer film suppresses the crystallization of PM6 polymer chains and avoids the excessive aggregation of small molecular acceptors under thermal heating or light illumination, leading to a stabilized film morphology and significantly improved device stability. Overall, these results provide a universal strategy to simultaneously enhance the mechanical properties and stability of OSCs without sacrificing their photovoltaic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenye Wang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Di Zhang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Meichen Xu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Junfeng Liu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Jiayi He
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Lvpeng Yang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Zhilin Li
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Yerun Gao
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Ming Shao
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
- Optics Valley Laboratory, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
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33
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When Electronically Inert Polymers Meet Conjugated Polymers: Emerging Opportunities in Organic Photovoltaics. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-022-2762-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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34
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High efficiency inverted organic solar cells with photo annealing titanium oxide films as electron extract layer. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.128698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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35
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Yang X, Gao M, Bi Z, Liu Y, Xian K, Peng Z, Qi Q, Li S, Song J, Ma W, Ye L. Unraveling the Photovoltaic, Mechanical, and Microstructural Properties and Their Correlations in Simple Poly(3-pentylthiophene) Solar Cells. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2200229. [PMID: 35591795 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The power conversion efficiency of polythiophene organic solar cells is constantly refreshed. Despite the renewed device efficiency, very few efforts have been devoted to understanding how the type of electron acceptor alters the photovoltaic and mechanical properties of these low-cost solar cells. Herein, we conduct a thorough investigation of photovoltaic and mechanical characteristics of a simple yet less explored polythiophene, namely poly(3-pentylthiophene) (P3PT), in three different types of organic solar cells, where ZY-4Cl, PC71 BM, and N2200 are employed as three representative acceptors, respectively. Compared with the reference P3HT-based solar cells, P3PT-based devices all perform more efficiently. Particularly, the P3PT:ZY-4Cl blend exhibits the highest efficiency (nearly 10%) among the six combinations and outperforms the prior top-performance system P3HT:ZY-4Cl. Furthermore, the blend films based on N2200 exhibit a high crack-onset strain of ∼38% on average, which is approximately 15 and 17 times higher than those of ZY-4Cl and PC71 BM, respectively. The microstructural origins for the above difference are well elucidated by detailed grazing incidence X-ray scattering and microscopy analysis. This work not only underlines the potential of P3PT in prolific solar cell research but also demonstrates the superior tensile properties of polythiophene-based all-polymer blends for the preparation of stretchable solar cells. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuantong Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Mengyuan Gao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Zhaozhao Bi
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Kaihu Xian
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Zhongxiang Peng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Qingchun Qi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Saimeng Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Jinsheng Song
- Engineering Research Center for Nanomaterials, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Long Ye
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China.,Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
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Liu J, Qiao J, Zhou K, Wang J, Gui R, Xian K, Gao M, Yin H, Hao X, Zhou Z, Ye L. An Aggregation-Suppressed Polymer Blending Strategy Enables High-Performance Organic and Quantum Dot Hybrid Solar Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2201387. [PMID: 35417057 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202201387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Solution-processing hybrid solar cells with organics and colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) have drawn substantial attention in the past decade. Nevertheless, hybrid solar cells based on the recently developed directly synthesized CQD inks are still unexplored. Herein, a facile polymer blending strategy is put forward to enable directly synthesized CQD/polymer hybrid solar cells with a champion efficiency of 13%, taking advantage of the conjugated polymer blends with finely optimized aggregation behaviors. The spectroscopic and electrical investigations on carrier transport and recombination indicate that polymer blends can endow fast carrier transport and less recombination over the single counterparts. Moreover, the blending strategy offers a "dilution effect" for top-notch photovoltaic polymers with excessively strong aggregation tendency, resulting in moderate feature domain size and surface roughness, which afford fast hole transport and therefore high photovoltaic performance. The effectiveness of this strategy is successfully validated using two pairs of photovoltaic polymers. Accordingly, the relationships between polymer morphology, carrier transport, and photovoltaic performance are established to advance the progress of CQD/polymer hybrid solar cells. Such progress stresses that the utilization of aggregation-suppressed polymer blends is a facile approach toward the fabrication of high-efficiency organic-inorganic hybrid solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Jiawei Qiao
- School of Physics, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Kangkang Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Ruohua Gui
- School of Physics, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Kaihu Xian
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Mengyuan Gao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Hang Yin
- School of Physics, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Xiaotao Hao
- School of Physics, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Zhihua Zhou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Long Ye
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Optics, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130033, China
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Wouk L, Holakoei S, Benatto L, Pacheco KRM, de Jesus Bassi M, de Oliveira CKBQM, Bagnis D, Rocco MLM, Roman LS. Morphology and energy transfer study between conjugated polymers thin films: experimental and theoretical approaches. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2022; 34:214010. [PMID: 35038696 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac4c12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, the effect of a silafluorene derivative copolymer, the poly[2,7-(9,9-dioctyl-dibenzosilole)-alt-4,7-bis(thiophene-2-yl)benzo-2,1,3-thiadiazole] (PSiF-DBT) sensitized by a simpler homopolymer, the poly[2-methoxy-5-(3',7'-dimethyloctyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene] (MDMO-PPV) were investigated in a bilayer and ternary blend configuration. The energy transfer between the polymers prior to electron transfer to the acceptors can be an efficient alternative to photocurrent improvement in photovoltaic devices. The interactions between the two donor polymer films were evaluated optically and morphologically with several experimental techniques and correlated to the photovoltaic performance. Improved photon to charge conversion was observed in the blend films at different device geometries-considering bilayer devices with fullerene and inverted flexible devices blade coated in air conditions with a non-fullerene small molecule acceptor. Resonant Auger spectroscopy using the core-hole clock method was employed to evaluate the ultrafast charge delocalization times of conjugated polymers in the low-femtosecond regime. Density functional theory and time-dependent DFT methods were used to help understand some experimental observations. The results show that the homopolymer can improve the absorption spectra and the nonradiative-energy transfer from MDMO-PPV to PSiF-DBT and act as a photosensitizer in the copolymer units. In addition, the PSiF-DBT blended with MDMO-PPV exhibits a more organized structure than the neat material resulting in better absorption stability of films kept under continuous illumination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Wouk
- Department of Physics, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, 31531-990 Brazil
- CSEM Brasil, Belo Horizonte, 31035-536, Brazil
| | - Soheila Holakoei
- Department of Physics, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, 31531-990 Brazil
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal Universityof Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 21941-909 Brazil
| | - Leandro Benatto
- Department of Physics, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, 31531-990 Brazil
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Liu X, Liang Z, Du S, Niu X, Tong J, Yang C, Lu X, Bao X, Yan L, Li J, Xia Y. Two Compatible Acceptors as an Alloy Model with a Halogen-Free Solvent for Efficient Ternary Polymer Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:9386-9397. [PMID: 35148049 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c23332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A ternary strategy of halogen-free solvent processing can open up a promising pathway for the preparation of polymer solar cells (PSCs) on a large scale and can effectively improve the power conversion efficiency with an appropriate third component. Herein, the green solvent o-xylene (o-XY) is used as the main solvent, and the non-fullerene acceptor Y6-DT-4F as the third component is introduced into the PBB-F:IT-4F binary system to broaden the spectral absorption and optimize the morphology to achieve efficient PSCs. The third component, Y6-DT-4F, is compatible with IT-4F and can form an "alloy acceptor", which can synergistically optimize the photon capture, carrier transport, and collection capabilities of the ternary device. Meanwhile, Y6-DT-4F has strong crystallinity, so when introduced into the binary system as the third component can enhance the crystallization, which is conducive to the charge transport. Consequently, the optimal ternary system based on PBB-F:IT-4F:Y6-DT-4F achieved an efficiency of 15.24%, which is higher than that of the binary device based on PBB-F:IT-4F (13.39%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingpeng Liu
- Gansu Province Organic Semiconductor Materials and Technology Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Zezhou Liang
- Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education & Shaanxi Key Lab of Information Photonic Technique, School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Sanshan Du
- Gansu Province Organic Semiconductor Materials and Technology Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Xixi Niu
- Gansu Province Organic Semiconductor Materials and Technology Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Junfeng Tong
- Gansu Province Organic Semiconductor Materials and Technology Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Chunyan Yang
- Gansu Province Organic Semiconductor Materials and Technology Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Xubin Lu
- Gansu Province Organic Semiconductor Materials and Technology Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Xichang Bao
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Lihe Yan
- Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education & Shaanxi Key Lab of Information Photonic Technique, School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Jianfeng Li
- Gansu Province Organic Semiconductor Materials and Technology Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yangjun Xia
- Gansu Province Organic Semiconductor Materials and Technology Research Center, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
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