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Zahra S, Lee S, Jahankhan M, Haris M, Ryu DH, Kim BJ, Song CE, Lee HK, Lee SK, Shin WS. Inner/Outer Side Chain Engineering of Non-Fullerene Acceptors for Efficient Large-Area Organic Solar Modules Based on Non-Halogenated Solution Processing in Air. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2405716. [PMID: 39013077 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202405716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
Achieving efficient and large-area organic solar modules via non-halogenated solution processing is vital for the commercialization yet challenging. The primary hurdle is the conservation of the ideal film-formation kinetics and bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) morphology of large-area organic solar cells (OSCs). A cutting-edge non-fullerene acceptor (NFA), Y6, shows efficient power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) when processed with toxic halogenated solvents, but exhibits poor solubility in non-halogenated solvents, resulting in suboptimal morphology. Therefore, in this study, the impact of modifying the inner and outer side-chains of Y6 on OSC performance is investigated. The study reveals that blending a polymer donor, PM6, with one of the modified NFAs, namely N-HD, achieved an impressive PCE of 18.3% on a small-area OSC. This modified NFA displays improved solubility in o-xylene at room temperature, which facilitated the formation of a favorable BHJ morphology. A large-area (55 cm2) sub-module delivered an impressive PCE of 12.2% based on N-HD using o-xylene under ambient conditions. These findings underscore the significant impact of the modified Y6 derivatives on structural arrangements and film processing over a large-area module at room temperature. Consequently, these results are poised to deepen the comprehension of the scaling challenges encountered in OSCs and may contribute to their commercialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabeen Zahra
- Advanced Energy Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
- Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungjin Lee
- Advanced Energy Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad Jahankhan
- Advanced Energy Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
- Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad Haris
- Advanced Energy Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
- Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Du Hyeon Ryu
- Advanced Energy Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Bumjoon J Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Research Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Eun Song
- Advanced Energy Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
- Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Hang Ken Lee
- Advanced Energy Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
- Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Kyu Lee
- Advanced Energy Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
- Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Suk Shin
- Advanced Energy Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
- Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
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Chen PH, Shimizu H, Matsuda M, Higashihara T, Lin YC. Improved Mobility-Stretchability Properties of Diketopyrrolopyrrole-Based Conjugated Polymers with Diastereomeric Conjugation Break Spacers. Macromol Rapid Commun 2024:e2400331. [PMID: 38875278 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202400331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
Stretchable conjugated polymers with conjugation break spacers (CBSs) synthesized via random terpolymerization have gained considerable attention because of their efficacy in modulating mobility and stretchability. This study incorporates a series of dianhydrohexitol diastereomers of isosorbide (ISB) and isomannide (IMN) units into the diketopyrrolopyrrole-based backbone as CBSs. It is found that the distorted CBS (IMN) improves the mobility-stretchability properties of the polymer with a highly coplanar backbone, whereas the extended CBS (ISB) enhances those of the polymer with a noncoplanar backbone. Additionally, the different configurations of ISB and IMN sufficiently affect the solid-state packing, aggregation capabilities, crystallographic parameters, and mobility-stretchability properties of the polymer. The IMN-based polymers exhibit the highest mobility of 1.69 cm2 V-1 s-1 and crystallinity retentions of (85.7, 78.6)% under 20% and 60% strains, outperforming their ISB-based or unmodified counterparts. The improvement is correlated with a robust aggregation capability. Furthermore, the CBS content affects aggregation behavior, notably affecting mobility. This result indicates that incorporating CBSs into the polymer can enhance backbone flexibility via movement and rotation of the CBS without affecting the crystalline regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin-Hong Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, 70101, Taiwan
| | - Hiroya Shimizu
- Department of Organic Materials Science, Graduate School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 992-8510, Japan
| | - Megumi Matsuda
- Department of Organic Materials Science, Graduate School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 992-8510, Japan
| | - Tomoya Higashihara
- Department of Organic Materials Science, Graduate School of Organic Materials Science, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata, 992-8510, Japan
| | - Yan-Cheng Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City, 70101, Taiwan
- Advanced Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
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Ding Y, Memon WA, Zhang D, Zhu Y, Xiong S, Wang Z, Liu J, Li H, Lai H, Shao M, He F. Dimerized Acceptors with Conjugate-Break Linker Enable Highly Efficient and Mechanically Robust Organic Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202403139. [PMID: 38530206 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202403139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Designing new acceptors is critical for intrinsically stretchable organic solar cells (IS-OSCs) with high efficiency and mechanical robustness. However, nearly all stretchable polymer acceptors exhibit limited efficiency and high-performance small molecular acceptors are very brittle. In this regard, we select thienylene-alkane-thienylene (TAT) as the conjugate-break linker and synthesize four dimerized acceptors by the regulation of connecting sites and halogen substitutions. It is found that the connecting sites and halogen substitutions considerably impact the overall electronic structures, aggregation behaviors, and charge transport properties. Benefiting from the optimization of the molecular structure, the dimerized acceptor exhibits rational phase separation within the blend films, which significantly facilitates exciton dissociation while effectively suppressing charge recombination processes. Consequently, FDY-m-TAT-based rigid OSCs render the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.07 % among reported acceptors containing conjugate-break linker. Most importantly, FDY-m-TAT-based IS-OSCs achieve high PCE (14.29 %) and remarkable stretchability (crack-onset strain [COS]=18.23 %), significantly surpassing Y6-based counterpart (PCE=12.80 % and COS=8.50 %). To sum up, these findings demonstrate that dimerized acceptors containing conjugate-break linkers have immense potential in developing highly efficient and mechanically robust OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yafei Ding
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Waqar Ali Memon
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yiwu Zhu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Shilong Xiong
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Junfeng Liu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Heng Li
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Hanjian Lai
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Ming Shao
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Feng He
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
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Feng F, Hu Z, Wang J, Wang P, Sun C, Wang X, Bi F, Li Y, Bao X. Non-Fused π-Extension of Endcaps of Small Molecular Acceptors Enabling High-Performance Organic Solar Cells. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024:e202400601. [PMID: 38782717 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202400601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
The modular structure of small molecular acceptors (SMAs) allows for versatile modifications of the materials and boosts the photovoltaic efficiencies of organic solar cells (OSCs) in recent years. As a critical component, the endcaps of SMAs have been intensively investigated and modified to control the molecular aggregation and photo-electronic conversion. However, most of the studies focus on halogenation or π-fusion extension of the endcap moieties, but overlook the non-fused π-extension approach, which could be a promising strategy to balance the self-aggregation and compatibility behaviors. Herein, we reported two new acceptors namely BTP-Th and BTP-FTh based on non-fused π-extension of the endcap by chlorinated-thiophene, of which the latter molecule has better co-planarity and crystallinity because of the intramolecular noncovalent interactions. Paired with donor PBDB-T, the optimal device of BTP-FTh reveals a greater efficiency of 14.81 % that that of BTP-Th (13.91 %). Nevertheless, the BTP-Th based device realizes a lower energy loss, enabling BTP-Th as a good candidate to serve as guest acceptor. As a result, the ternary solar cells of PM6 : BTP-eC9 : BTP-Th output a champion efficiency up to 18.71 % with enhanced open-circuit voltage. This study highlights the significance of rational decoration of endcaps for the design of high-performance SMAs and photovoltaic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Feng
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 266101, Qingdao, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Zunyuan Hu
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 266101, Qingdao, China
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, 266590, Qingdao, China
| | - Jianxiao Wang
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 266101, Qingdao, China
| | - Pengchao Wang
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 266101, Qingdao, China
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, 266042, Qingdao, China
| | - Cheng Sun
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 266101, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoning Wang
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 266101, Qingdao, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Fuzhen Bi
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 266101, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory of Solar Energy, Shandong Energy Institute, 266101, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, 266101, Qingdao, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Yonghai Li
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 266101, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory of Solar Energy, Shandong Energy Institute, 266101, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, 266101, Qingdao, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Xichang Bao
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 266101, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory of Solar Energy, Shandong Energy Institute, 266101, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, 266101, Qingdao, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
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5
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Ding L, Tan Y, Li G, Zhang K, Wang X. A Healable Quasi-Solid Polymer Electrolyte with Balanced Toughness and Ionic Conductivity. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400584. [PMID: 38451164 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) have garnered extensive attention as potential alternatives to traditional liquid electrolytes, primarily due to their prowess in curbing lithium dendrite formation and preventing electrolyte leaks. The quest for SPEs that are both mechanically robust and exhibit superior ionic conductivity has been vigorous. However, achieving a harmonious balance between these two attributes remains a significant challenge. In this study, we introduce a novel quasi-solid electrolyte, ingeniously crafted from a poly(urethane-urea) network, enriched with lithium salts and plasticizers. This innovative composition not only boasts remarkable toughness but also ensures commendable ionic conductivity. Our post-gelation method yields gel polymer electrolytes that undergo rigorous evaluation, leading to an optimized version that stands out with its exceptional room-temperature ionic conductivity (2.94×10-4 S cm-1) and outstanding toughness (11.9 MJ m-3). Moreover, it demonstrates a broad electrochemical window (4.73 V), remarkable stability across a 600-hour cycle test, a high capacity retention exceeding 80 % after 100 cycles at 0.2 C, and a noteworthy self-healing capability. This quasi-solid polymer electrolyte emerges as a promising contender to replace current liquid electrolyte solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ding
- National Engineering Research Center for Colloidal Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, P. R. China
| | - Yu Tan
- National Engineering Research Center for Colloidal Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, P. R. China
| | - Guiliang Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Colloidal Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, P. R. China
| | - Kaiqiang Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Colloidal Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, P. R. China
| | - Xu Wang
- National Engineering Research Center for Colloidal Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Special Functional Aggregated Materials of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250100, P. R. China
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6
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Tseng CC, Wang KC, Lin PS, Chang C, Yeh LL, Tung SH, Liu CL, Cheng YJ. Intrinsically Stretchable Organic Thermoelectric Polymers Enabled by Incorporating Fused-Ring Conjugated Breakers. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2401966. [PMID: 38733223 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202401966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
While research on organic thermoelectric polymers is making significant progress in recent years, realization of a single polymer material possessing both thermoelectric properties and stretchability for the next generation of self-powered wearable electronics is a challenging task and remains an area yet to be explored. A new molecular engineering concept of "conjugated breaker" is employed to impart stretchability to a highly crystalline diketopyrrolepyrrole (DPP)-based polymer. A hexacyclic diindenothieno[2,3-b]thiophene (DITT) unit, with two 4-octyloxyphenyl groups substituted at the tetrahedral sp3-carbon bridges, is selected to function as the conjugated breaker that can sterically hinder intermolecular packing to reduce polymers' crystallinity. A series of donor-acceptor random copolymers is thus developed via polymerizing the crystalline DPP units with the DITT conjugated breakers. By controlling the monomeric DPP/DITT ratios, DITT30 reaches the optimal balance of crystalline/amorphous regions, exhibiting an exceptional power factor (PF) value up to 12.5 µW m-1 K-2 after FeCl3-doping; while, simultaneously displaying the capability to withstand strains exceeding 100%. More significantly, the doped DITT30 film possesses excellent mechanical endurance, retaining 80% of its initial PF value after 200 cycles of stretching/releasing at a strain of 50%. This research marks a pioneering achievement in creating intrinsically stretchable polymers with exceptional thermoelectric properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Chun Tseng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Chieh Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Po-Shen Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chi Chang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan
| | - Li-Lun Yeh
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Huang Tung
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Liang Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
- Advanced Research Center of Green Materials Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ju Cheng
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan
- Center for Emergent Functional Matter Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan
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7
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Lee JW, Park JS, Jeon H, Lee S, Jeong D, Lee C, Kim YH, Kim BJ. Recent progress and prospects of dimer and multimer acceptors for efficient and stable polymer solar cells. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:4674-4706. [PMID: 38529583 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00895a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
High power conversion efficiency (PCE) and long-term stability are essential prerequisites for the commercialization of polymer solar cells (PSCs). Small-molecule acceptors (SMAs) are core materials that have led to recent, rapid increases in the PCEs of the PSCs. However, a critical limitation of the resulting PSCs is their poor long-term stability. Blend morphology degradation from rapid diffusion of SMAs with low glass transition temperatures (Tgs) is considered the main cause of the poor long-term stability of the PSCs. The recent emergence of oligomerized SMAs (OSMAs), composed of two or more repeating SMA units (i.e., dimerized and trimerized SMAs), has shown great promise in overcoming these challenges. This innovation in material design has enabled OSMA-based PSCs to reach impressive PCEs near 19% and exceptional long-term stability. In this review, we summarize the evolution of OSMAs, including their research background and recent progress in molecular design. In particular, we discuss the mechanisms for high PCE and stability of OSMA-based PSCs and suggest useful design guidelines for high-performance OSMAs. Furthermore, we reflect on the existing hurdles and future directions for OSMA materials towards achieving commercially viable PSCs with high PCEs and operational stabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Woo Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jin Su Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyesu Jeon
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seungjin Lee
- Advanced Energy Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Dahyun Jeong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Changyeon Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Hi Kim
- Department of Chemistry and RINS, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Bumjoon J Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
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Li Y, Zhou D, Han L, Quan J, Wang F, Yang X, Hu L, Wang J, Xu H, Chen L. N-Type Small Molecule Electron Transport Layers with Excellent Surface Energy and Moisture Resistance Siloxane for Non-Fullerene Organic Solar Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2308961. [PMID: 38059861 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202308961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Electron transport layers (ETLs) generally contain polar groups for enhancing performance and reducing the work function. Nevertheless, the polar group with high surface energy may cause inferior interfacial compatibility, which challenges the ETLs to balance stability and performance. Here, two conjugated small molecules of ETLs with low surface energy siloxane, namely PDI-Si and PDIN-Si, are synthesized. The siloxane with low surface energy not only enhances the interfacial compatibility between ETLs and active layers but also improves the moisture-proof stability of the device. Impressively, the amine-functionalized PDIN-Si can simultaneously exhibit conspicuous n-type self-doping properties and outstanding moisture-proof stability. The optimization of interfacial contact and morphology enables the PM6:Y6-based OSC with PDIN-Si to achieve a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 15.87%, which is slightly superior to that of classical ETL PDINO devices (15.27%), and when the PDIN-Si film thickness reaches 28 nm, the PCE remains at 13.19% (≈83%), which indicates that PDIN-Si has satisfactory thickness insensitivity to facilitate roll-to-roll processing. Excitingly, after 120 h of storage in an environment with humidity above 45%, the unencapsulated device with PDIN-Si as ETL remains at 75% of the initial PCE value, while the device with PDINO as ETL is only 50%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yubing Li
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants, Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, 696 Fenghe South Avenue, Nanchang, 330063, China
| | - Dan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants, Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, 696 Fenghe South Avenue, Nanchang, 330063, China
| | - Liangjing Han
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants, Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, 696 Fenghe South Avenue, Nanchang, 330063, China
| | - Jianwei Quan
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants, Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, 696 Fenghe South Avenue, Nanchang, 330063, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants, Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, 696 Fenghe South Avenue, Nanchang, 330063, China
| | - Xufang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants, Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, 696 Fenghe South Avenue, Nanchang, 330063, China
| | - Lin Hu
- China-Australia Institute for Advanced Materials and Manufacturing (IAMM), Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, China
| | - Jianru Wang
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants, Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, 696 Fenghe South Avenue, Nanchang, 330063, China
| | - Haitao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi Province for Persistent Pollutants, Control and Resources Recycle, Nanchang Hangkong University, 696 Fenghe South Avenue, Nanchang, 330063, China
| | - Lie Chen
- Institute of Polymers and Energy Chemistry (IPEC), Nanchang University, 999 Xuefu Avenue, Nanchang, 330031, China
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9
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Zhang J, Chen Q, Li M, Zhang G, Zhang Z, Deng X, Xue J, Zhao C, Xiao C, Ma W, Li W. Carboxylating Elastomer via Thiol-Ene Click Reaction to Improve Miscibility with Conjugated Polymers for Mechanically Robust Organic Solar Cells with Efficiency of 19. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2312805. [PMID: 38319917 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202312805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Incorporating flexible insulating polymers is a straightforward strategy to enhance the mechanical properties of rigid conjugated polymers, enabling their use in flexible electronic devices. However, maintaining electronic characteristics simultaneously is challenging due to the poor miscibility between insulating polymers and conjugated polymers. This study introduces the carboxylation of insulating polymers as an effective strategy to enhance miscibility with conjugated polymers via surface energy modulation and hydrogen bonding. The carboxylated elastomer, synthesized via a thiol-ene click reaction, closely matches the surface energy of the conjugated polymer. This significantly improves the mechanical properties, achieving a high crack-onset strain of 21.48%, surpassing that (5.93%) of the unmodified elastomer:conjugated polymer blend. Upon incorporating the carboxylated elastomer into PM6:L8-BO-based organic solar cells, an impressive power conversion efficiency of 19.04% is attained, which top-performs among insulating polymer-incorporated devices and outperforms devices with unmodified elastomer or neat PM6:L8-BO. The superior efficiency is attributed to the optimized microstructures and enhanced crystallinity for efficient and balanced charge transport, and suppressed charge recombination. Furthermore, flexible devices with 5% carboxylated elastomer exhibit superior mechanical stability, retaining ≈88.9% of the initial efficiency after 40 000 bending cycles at a 1 mm radius, surpassing ≈83.5% for devices with 5% unmodified elastomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Qiaomei Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Mengdi Li
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang, 330096, P. R. China
| | - Guangcong Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Zhou Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Xiangmeng Deng
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang, 330096, P. R. China
| | - Jingwei Xue
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Chaowei Zhao
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang, 330096, P. R. China
| | - Chengyi Xiao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
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10
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Tang H, Bai Y, Zhao H, Qin X, Hu Z, Zhou C, Huang F, Cao Y. Interface Engineering for Highly Efficient Organic Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2212236. [PMID: 36867581 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202212236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Organic solar cells (OSCs) have made dramatic advancements during the past decades owing to the innovative material design and device structure optimization, with power conversion efficiencies surpassing 19% and 20% for single-junction and tandem devices, respectively. Interface engineering, by modifying interface properties between different layers for OSCs, has become a vital part to promote the device efficiency. It is essential to elucidate the intrinsic working mechanism of interface layers, as well as the related physical and chemical processes that manipulate device performance and long-term stability. In this article, the advances in interface engineering aimed to pursue high-performance OSCs are reviewed. The specific functions and corresponding design principles of interface layers are summarized first. Then, the anode interface layer, cathode interface layer in single-junction OSCs, and interconnecting layer of tandem devices are discussed in separate categories, and the interface engineering-related improvements on device efficiency and stability are analyzed. Finally, the challenges and prospects associated with application of interface engineering are discussed with the emphasis on large-area, high-performance, and low-cost device manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Tang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology (SCUT), Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Yuanqing Bai
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology (SCUT), Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Haiyang Zhao
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology (SCUT), Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Xudong Qin
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology (SCUT), Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Zhicheng Hu
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology (SCUT), Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Cheng Zhou
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology (SCUT), Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Fei Huang
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology (SCUT), Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Yong Cao
- Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology (SCUT), Guangzhou, 510640, China
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11
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Hou S, Chen C, Bai L, Yu J, Cheng Y, Huang W. Stretchable Electronics with Strain-Resistive Performance. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2306749. [PMID: 38078789 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202306749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2024]
Abstract
Stretchable electronics have attracted tremendous attention amongst academic and industrial communities due to their prospective applications in personal healthcare, human-activity monitoring, artificial skins, wearable displays, human-machine interfaces, etc. Other than mechanical robustness, stable performances under complex strains in these devices that are not for strain sensing are equally important for practical applications. Here, a comprehensive summarization of recent advances in stretchable electronics with strain-resistive performance is presented. First, detailed overviews of intrinsically strain-resistive stretchable materials, including conductors, semiconductors, and insulators, are given. Then, systematic representations of advanced structures, including helical, serpentine, meshy, wrinkled, and kirigami-based structures, for strain-resistive performance are summarized. Next, stretchable arrays and circuits with strain-resistive performance, that integrate multiple functionalities and enable complex behaviors, are introduced. This review presents a detailed overview of recent progress in stretchable electronics with strain-resistive performances and provides a guideline for the future development of stretchable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihui Hou
- School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Cong Chen
- School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Libing Bai
- School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Junsheng Yu
- School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Yuhua Cheng
- School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Wei Huang
- School of Automation Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
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12
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Li D, Wang H, Chen J, Wu Q. Fluorinated Polymer Donors for Nonfullerene Organic Solar Cells. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303155. [PMID: 38018363 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
The rapid development of narrow-bandgap nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs) has boosted the efficiency of organic solar cells (OSCs) over 19 %. The new features of high-performance NFAs, such as visible-NIR light absorption, moderate the highest occupied molecular orbitals (HOMO), and high crystallinity, require polymer donors with matching physical properties. This emphasizes the importance of methods that can effectively tune the physical properties of polymers. Owning to very small atom size and strongest electronegativity, the fluorination has been proved the most efficient strategy to regulate the physical properties of polymer donors, including frontier energy level, absorption coefficient, dielectric constant, crystallinity and charge transport. Owing to the success of fluorination strategy, the vast majority of high-performance polymer donors possess one or more fluorine atoms. In this review, the fluorination synthetic methods, the synthetic route of well-known fluorinated building blocks, the fluorinated polymers which are categorized by the type of donor or acceptor units, and the relationships between the polymer structures, properties, and photovoltaic performances are comprehensively surveyed. We hope this review could provide the readers a deeper insight into fluorination strategy and lay a strong foundation for future innovation of fluorinated polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyan Li
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, China
| | - Huijuan Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, China
| | - Jinming Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, China
| | - Qinghe Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, China
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13
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Liu J, Zhang Y, Liu X, Wen L, Wan L, Song C, Xin J, Liang Q. Solution Sequential Deposition Pseudo-Planar Heterojunction: An Efficient Strategy for State-of-Art Organic Solar Cells. SMALL METHODS 2024:e2301803. [PMID: 38386309 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202301803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Organic solar cells (OSCs) are considered as a promising new generation of clean energy. Bulk heterojunction (BHJ) structure has been widely employed in the active layer of efficient OSCs. However, precise regulation of morphology in BHJ is still challenging due to the competitive coupling between crystallization and phase separation. Recently, a novel pseudo-planar heterojunction (PPHJ) structure, prepared through solution sequential deposition, has attracted much attention. It is an easy-to-prepare structure in which the phase separation structures, interfaces, and molecular packing can be separately controlled. Employing PPHJ structure, the properties of OSCs, such as power conversion efficiency, stability, transparency, flexibility, and so on, are usually better than its BHJ counterpart. Hence, a comprehensive understanding of the film-forming process, morphology control, and device performance of PPHJ structure should be considered. In terms of the representative works about PPHJ, this review first introduces the fabrication process of active layers based on PPHJ structure. Second, the widely applied morphology control methods in PPHJ structure are summarized. Then, the influences of PPHJ structure on device performance and other property are reviewed, which largely expand its application. Finally, a brief prospect and development tendency of PPHJ devices are discussed with the consideration of their challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangang Liu
- School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, P.R. China
| | - Yutong Zhang
- School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, P.R. China
| | - Xingpeng Liu
- School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, P.R. China
| | - Liangquan Wen
- School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, P.R. China
| | - Longjing Wan
- School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, P.R. China
| | - Chunpeng Song
- School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, P.R. China
| | - Jingming Xin
- School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, P.R. China
| | - Qiuju Liang
- School of Microelectronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710129, P.R. China
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14
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Li S, Gao M, Zhou K, Li X, Xian K, Zhao W, Chen Y, He C, Ye L. Achieving Record-High Stretchability and Mechanical Stability in Organic Photovoltaic Blends with a Dilute-absorber Strategy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2307278. [PMID: 37865872 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202307278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Organic solar cells (OSCs) have potential for applications in wearable electronics. Except for high power conversion efficiency (PCE), excellent tensile properties and mechanical stability are required for achieving high-performance wearable OSCs, while the present metrics barely meet the stretchable requirements. Herein, this work proposes a facile and low-cost strategy for constructing intrinsically stretchable OSCs by introducing a readily accessible polymer elastomer as a diluent for all-polymer photovoltaic blends. Remarkably, record-high stretchability with a fracture strain of up to 1000% and mechanical stability with elastic recovery >90% under cyclic tensile tests are realized in the OSCs active layers for the first time. Specifically, the tensile properties of best-performing all-polymer photovoltaic blends are increased by up to 250 times after blending. Previously unattainable performance metrics (fracture strain >50% and PCE >10%) are achieved simultaneously for the resulting photovoltaic films. Furthermore, an overall evaluation parameter y is proposed for the efficiency-cost- stretchability balance of photovoltaic blend films. The y value of dilute-absorber system is two orders of magnitude greater than those of prior state-of-the-art systems. Additionally, intrinsically stretchable devices are prepared to showcase the mechanical stability. Overall, this work offers a new avenue for constructing and comprehensively evaluating intrinsically stretchable organic electronic films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saimeng Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Mengyuan Gao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Kangkang Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Xin Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Kaihu Xian
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Wenchao Zhao
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chunyong He
- Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Spallation Neutron Source Science Center, Dongguan, 523803, China
| | - Long Ye
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300350, China
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15
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Wan Q, Thompson BC. Control of Properties through Hydrogen Bonding Interactions in Conjugated Polymers. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2305356. [PMID: 37946703 PMCID: PMC10885672 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202305356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Molecular design is crucial for endowing conjugated polymers (CPs) with unique properties and enhanced electronic performance. Introducing Hydrogen-bonding (H-bonding) into CPs has been a broadly exploited, yet still emerging strategy capable of tuning a range of properties encompassing solubility, crystallinity, electronic properties, solid-state morphology, and stability, as well as mechanical properties and self-healing properties. Different H-bonding groups can be utilized to tailor CPs properties based on the applications of interest. This review provides an overview of classes of H-bonding CPs (assorted by the different H-bond functional groups), the synthetic methods to introduce the corresponding H-bond functional groups and the impact of H-bonding in CPs on corresponding electronic and materials properties. Recent advances in addressing the trade-off between electronic performance and mechanical durability are also highlighted. Furthermore, insights into future directions and prospects for H-bonded CPs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingpei Wan
- Department of Chemistry and Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-1661, USA
| | - Barry C Thompson
- Department of Chemistry and Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089-1661, USA
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16
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He X, Liu ZX, Chen H, Li CZ. Selectively Modulating Componential Morphologies of Bulk Heterojunction Organic Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2306681. [PMID: 37805706 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202306681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Achieving precise control over the nanoscale morphology of bulk heterojunction films presents a significant challenge for the conventional post-treatments employed in organic solar cells (OSCs). In this study, a near-infrared photon-assisted annealing (NPA) strategy is developed for fabricating high-performance OSCs under mild processing conditions. It is revealed a top NIR light illumination, together with the bottom heating, enables the selective tuning of the molecular arrangement and assembly of narrow bandgap acceptors in polymer networks to achieve optimal morphologies, as well as the acceptor-rich top surface of active layers. The derived OSCs exhibit a remarkable power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 19.25%, representing one of the highest PCEs for the reported binary OSCs so far. Moreover, via the NPA strategy, it has succeeded in accessing top-illuminated flexible OSCs using thermolabile polyethylene terephthalate from mineral water bottles, displaying excellent mechanical stabilities. Overall, this work will hold the potential to develop organic solar cells under mild processing with various substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu He
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Xi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Hongzheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Chang-Zhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
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17
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Dinuwan
Gunawardhana KRS, Simorangkir RBVB, McGuinness GB, Rasel MS, Magre Colorado LA, Baberwal SS, Ward TE, O’Flynn B, Coyle SM. The Potential of Electrospinning to Enable the Realization of Energy-Autonomous Wearable Sensing Systems. ACS NANO 2024; 18:2649-2684. [PMID: 38230863 PMCID: PMC10832067 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c09077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
The market for wearable electronic devices is experiencing significant growth and increasing potential for the future. Researchers worldwide are actively working to improve these devices, particularly in developing wearable electronics with balanced functionality and wearability for commercialization. Electrospinning, a technology that creates nano/microfiber-based membranes with high surface area, porosity, and favorable mechanical properties for human in vitro and in vivo applications using a broad range of materials, is proving to be a promising approach. Wearable electronic devices can use mechanical, thermal, evaporative and solar energy harvesting technologies to generate power for future energy needs, providing more options than traditional sources. This review offers a comprehensive analysis of how electrospinning technology can be used in energy-autonomous wearable wireless sensing systems. It provides an overview of the electrospinning technology, fundamental mechanisms, and applications in energy scavenging, human physiological signal sensing, energy storage, and antenna for data transmission. The review discusses combining wearable electronic technology and textile engineering to create superior wearable devices and increase future collaboration opportunities. Additionally, the challenges related to conducting appropriate testing for market-ready products using these devices are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. R. Sanjaya Dinuwan
Gunawardhana
- School
of Electronic Engineering, Dublin City University, Glasnevin D09Y074, Dublin, Ireland
- Insight
SFI Centre for Data Analytics, Dublin City
University, Glasnevin D09Y074, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | | | - M. Salauddin Rasel
- Insight
SFI Centre for Data Analytics, Dublin City
University, Glasnevin D09Y074, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Luz A. Magre Colorado
- School
of Electronic Engineering, Dublin City University, Glasnevin D09Y074, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sonal S. Baberwal
- School
of Electronic Engineering, Dublin City University, Glasnevin D09Y074, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Tomás E. Ward
- Insight
SFI Centre for Data Analytics, Dublin City
University, Glasnevin D09Y074, Dublin, Ireland
- School
of Computing, Dublin City University, Glasnevin D09Y074, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Brendan O’Flynn
- Tyndall
National Institute, Lee Maltings Complex
Dyke Parade, T12R5CP Cork, Ireland
| | - Shirley M. Coyle
- School
of Electronic Engineering, Dublin City University, Glasnevin D09Y074, Dublin, Ireland
- Insight
SFI Centre for Data Analytics, Dublin City
University, Glasnevin D09Y074, Dublin, Ireland
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18
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Zheng X, Wu X, Wu Q, Han Y, Ding G, Wang Y, Kong Y, Chen T, Wang M, Zhang Y, Xue J, Fu W, Luo Q, Ma C, Ma W, Zuo L, Shi M, Chen H. Thorough Optimization for Intrinsically Stretchable Organic Photovoltaics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023:e2307280. [PMID: 38100730 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202307280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
The development of intrinsically stretchable organic photovoltaics (is-OPVs) with a high efficiency is of significance for practical application. However, their efficiencies lag far behind those of rigid or even flexible counterparts. To address this issue, an advanced top-illuminated OPV is designed and fabricated, which is intrinsically stretchable and has a high performance, through systematic optimizations from material to device. First, the stretchability of the active layer is largely increased by adding a low-elastic-modulus elastomer of styrene-ethylene-propylene-styrene tri-block copolymer (SEPS). Second, the stretchability and conductivity of the opaque electrode are enhanced by a conductive polymer/metal (denoted as M-PH1000@Ag) composite electrode strategy. Third, the optical and electrical properties of a sliver nanowire transparent electrode are improved by a solvent vapor annealing strategy. High-performance is-OPVs are successfully fabricated with a top-illuminated structure, which provides a record-high efficiency of 16.23%. Additionally, by incorporating 5-10% elastomer, a balance between the efficiency and stretchability of the is-OPVs is achieved. This study provides valuable insights into material and device optimizations for high-efficiency is-OPVs, with a low-cost production and excellent stretchability, which indicates a high potential for future applications of OPVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangjun Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoling Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Yunfei Han
- Printable Electronics Research Center, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Guanyu Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Yiming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Yibo Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Tianyi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Mengting Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Yiqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Jingwei Xue
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Weifei Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
- Zhejiang University-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China
| | - Qun Luo
- Printable Electronics Research Center, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Changqi Ma
- Printable Electronics Research Center, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Lijian Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
- Zhejiang University-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China
| | - Minmin Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Hongzheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon and Advanced Semiconductor Materials, International Research Center for X Polymers, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
- Zhejiang University-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou, 310014, P. R. China
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19
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Yang X, Shao Y, Wang S, Chen M, Xiao B, Sun R, Min J. Processability Considerations for Next-Generation Organic Photovoltaic Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023:e2307863. [PMID: 38048536 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202307863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
The evolution of organic semiconductors for organic photovoltaics (OPVs) has resulted in unforeseen outcomes. This has provided substitute choices of photoactive layer materials, which effectively convert sunlight into electricity. Recently developed OPV materials have narrowed down the gaps in efficiency, stability, and cost in devices. Records now show power conversion efficiency in single-junction devices closing to 20%. Despite this, there is still a gap between the currently developed OPV materials and those that meet the requirements of practical applications, especially the solution processability issue widely concerned in the field of OPVs. Based on the general rule that structure determines properties, methodologies to enhance the processability of OPV materials are reviewed and explored from the perspective of material design and views on the further development of processable OPV materials are presented. Considering the current dilemma that the existing evaluation indicators cannot reflect the industrial processability of OPV materials, a more complete set of key performance indicators are proposed for their processability considerations. The purpose of this perspective is to raise awareness of the boundary conditions that exist in industrial OPV manufacturing and to provide guidance for academic research that aspires to contribute to technological advancements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinrong Yang
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Yiming Shao
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Mingxia Chen
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Bo Xiao
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Rui Sun
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Jie Min
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
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20
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Yang C, An Q, Jiang M, Ma X, Mahmood A, Zhang H, Zhao X, Zhi HF, Jee MH, Woo HY, Liao X, Deng D, Wei Z, Wang JL. Optimized Crystal Framework by Asymmetric Core Isomerization in Selenium-Substituted Acceptor for Efficient Binary Organic Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202313016. [PMID: 37823882 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202313016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Both the regional isomerization and selenium-substitution of the small molecular acceptors (SMAs) play significant roles in developing efficient organic solar cells (OSCs), while their synergistic effects remain elusive. Herein, we developed three isomeric SMAs (S-CSeF, A-ISeF, and A-OSeF) via subtly manipulating the mono-selenium substituted position (central, inner, or outer) and type of heteroaromatic ring on the central core by synergistic strategies for efficient OSCs, respectively. Crystallography of asymmetric A-OSeF presents a closer intermolecular π-π stacking and more ordered 3-dimensional network packing and efficient charge-hopping pathways. With the successive out-shift of the mono-selenium substituted position, the neat films give a slightly wider band gap and gradually higher crystallinity and electron mobility. The PM1 : A-OSeF afford favourable fibrous phase separation morphology with more ordered molecular packing and efficient charge transportation compared to the other two counterparts. Consequently, the A-OSeF-based devices achieve a champion efficiency of 18.5 %, which represents the record value for the reported selenium-containing SMAs in binary OSCs. Our developed precise molecular engineering of the position and type of selenium-based heteroaromatic ring of SMAs provides a promising synergistic approach to optimizing crystal stacking and boosting top-ranked selenium-containing SMAs-based OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Qiaoshi An
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Mengyun Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiaoming Ma
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Asif Mahmood
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Hong-Fu Zhi
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Min Hun Jee
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Young Woo
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Xilin Liao
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Dan Deng
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Zhixiang Wei
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Jin-Liang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectronic/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
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21
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Guan C, Xiao C, Liu X, Hu Z, Wang R, Wang C, Xie C, Cai Z, Li W. Non-Covalent Interactions between Polyvinyl Chloride and Conjugated Polymers Enable Excellent Mechanical Properties and High Stability in Organic Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202312357. [PMID: 37702544 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202312357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
The incorporation of insulating polymers into conjugated polymers has been widely explored as a strategy to improve mechanical properties of flexible organic electronics. However, phase separation due to the immiscibility of these polymers has limited their effectiveness. In this study, we report the discovery of multiple non-covalent interactions that enhances the miscibility between insulating and conjugated polymers, resulting in improved mechanical properties. Specifically, we have added polyvinyl chloride (PVC) into the conjugated polymer PM6 and observed a significant increase in solution viscosity, indicative of favorable miscibility between these two polymers. This phenomenon has been rarely observed in other insulating/conjugated polymer composites. Thin films of PM6/PVC exhibit a much-improved crack-onset strain of 19.35 %, compared to 10.12 % for pristine PM6 films. Analysis reveal that a "cyclohexyl-like" structure formed through dipole-dipole interactions and hydrogen bonding between PVC and PM6 acted as a cross-linking site in the thin films, leading to improved mechanical properties. Moreover, PM6/PVC blend films have demonstrated excellent thermal and bending stability when applied as an electron donor in organic solar cells. These findings provide new insights into non-covalent interactions that can be utilized to enhance the properties of conjugated polymers and may have potential applications in flexible organic electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Guan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Chengyi Xiao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Xin Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Zhijie Hu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Ruoyao Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Chao Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Chengcheng Xie
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Ziqi Cai
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering & State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
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22
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Ye L, Yang Y, Liu C, Duan X, Wang S, Li W, Sun X, Wang T, Ma W, Li W, Sun Y. Directly Cross-Linked Conjugated Polymer Donor Enables Efficient Polymer Solar Cells with Extraordinary Mechanical Robustness. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2303226. [PMID: 37312403 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202303226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A cross-linking strategy can result in a three-dimensional network of interconnected chains for the copolymers, thereby improving their mechanical performance. In this work, a series of cross-linked conjugated copolymers, named PC2, PC5, and PC8, constructed with different ratios of monomers are designed and synthesized. For comparison, a random linear copolymer, PR2 is also synthesized based on the similar monomers. When blended with Y6 acceptor, the cross-linked polymers PC2, PC5, and PC8-based polymer solar cells (PSCs) achieve superior power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 17.58%, 17.02%, and 16.12%, respectively, which are higher than that (15.84%) of the random copolymer PR2-based devices. Moreover, the PCE of PC2:Y6-based flexible PSC retains ≈88% of the initial efficiency value after 2000 bending cycles, overwhelming the PR2:Y6-based device with the remaining 12.8% of the initial PCE. These results demonstrate that the cross-linking strategy is a feasible and facile approach to developing high-performance polymer donors for the fabrication of flexible PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linglong Ye
- School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Yinuo Yang
- School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Chunhui Liu
- School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Xiaopeng Duan
- School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Shijie Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Xiaobo Sun
- School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Tao Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Weiwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites & Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, P. R. China
| | - Yanming Sun
- School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
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23
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Seo S, Lee JW, Kim DJ, Lee D, Phan TNL, Park J, Tan Z, Cho S, Kim TS, Kim BJ. Poly(dimethylsiloxane)-block-PM6 Polymer Donors for High-Performance and Mechanically Robust Polymer Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2300230. [PMID: 36929364 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202300230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
High power conversion efficiency (PCE) and stretchability are the dual requirements for the wearable application of polymer solar cells (PSCs). However, most efficient photoactive films are mechanically brittle. In this work, highly efficient (PCE = 18%) and mechanically robust (crack-onset strain (COS) = 18%) PSCs are acheived by designing block copolymer (BCP) donors, PM6-b-PDMSx (x = 5k, 12k, and 19k). In these BCP donors, stretchable poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) blocks are covalently linked with the PM6 blocks to effectively increase the stretchability. The stretchability of the BCP donors increases with a longer PDMS block, and PM6-b-PDMS19k :L8-BO PSC exhibits a high PCE (18%) and 9-times higher COS value (18%) compared to that (COS = 2%) of the PM6:L8-BO-based PSC. However, the PM6:L8-BO:PDMS12k ternary blend shows inferior PCE (5%) and COS (1%) due to the macrophase separation between PDMS and active components. In the intrinsically stretchable PSC, the PM6-b-PDMS19k :L8-BO blend exhibits significantly greater mechanical stability PCE80% ((80% of the initial PCE) at 36% strain) than those of the PM6:L8-BO blend (PCE80% at 12% strain) and the PM6:L8-BO:PDMS ternary blend (PCE80% at 4% strain). This study suggests an effective design strategy of BCP PD to achieve stretchable and efficient PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soodeok Seo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Woo Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Jun Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongchan Lee
- Department of Physics and EHSRC, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, 44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Tan Ngoc-Lan Phan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinseok Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Zhengping Tan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Shinuk Cho
- Department of Physics and EHSRC, University of Ulsan, Ulsan, 44610, Republic of Korea
| | - Taek-Soo Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Bumjoon J Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
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24
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Wan Q, Seo S, Lee SW, Lee J, Jeon H, Kim TS, Kim BJ, Thompson BC. High-Performance Intrinsically Stretchable Polymer Solar Cell with Record Efficiency and Stretchability Enabled by Thymine-Functionalized Terpolymer. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37220423 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c02764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Designing new polymer semiconductors for intrinsically stretchable polymer solar cells (IS-PSCs) with high power conversion efficiency (PCE) and durability is critical for wearable electronics applications. Nearly all high-performance PSCs are constructed using fully conjugated polymer donors (PD) and small-molecule acceptors (SMA). However, a successful molecular design of PDs for high-performance and mechanically durable IS-PSCs without sacrificing conjugation has not been realized. In this study, we design a novel thymine side chain terminated 6,7-difluoro-quinoxaline (Q-Thy) monomer and synthesize a series of fully conjugated PDs (PM7-Thy5, PM7-Thy10, PM7-Thy20) featuring Q-Thy. The Q-Thy units capable of inducing dimerizable hydrogen bonding enable strong intermolecular PD assembly and highly efficient and mechanically robust PSCs. The PM7-Thy10:SMA blend demonstrates a combination of high PCE (>17%) in rigid devices and excellent stretchability (crack-onset value >13.5%). More importantly, PM7-Thy10-based IS-PSCs show an unprecedented combination of PCE (13.7%) and ultrahigh mechanical durability (maintaining 80% of initial PCE after 43% strain), illustrating the promising potential for commercialization in wearable applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingpei Wan
- Department of Chemistry and Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-1661, United States
| | - Soodeok Seo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Woo Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinho Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyesu Jeon
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Taek-Soo Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Bumjoon J Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Barry C Thompson
- Department of Chemistry and Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-1661, United States
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25
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Solak EK, Irmak E. Advances in organic photovoltaic cells: a comprehensive review of materials, technologies, and performance. RSC Adv 2023; 13:12244-12269. [PMID: 37091609 PMCID: PMC10114284 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra01454a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper provides a comprehensive overview of organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells, including their materials, technologies, and performance. In this context, the historical evolution of PV cell technology is explored, and the classification of PV production technologies is presented, along with a comparative analysis of first, second, and third-generation solar cells. A classification and comparison of PV cells based on materials used is also provided. The working principles and device structures of OPV cells are examined, and a brief comparison between device structures is made, highlighting their advantages, disadvantages, and key features. The various parts of OPV cells are discussed, and their performance, efficiency, and electrical characteristics are reviewed. A detailed SWOT analysis is conducted, identifying promising strengths and opportunities, as well as challenges and threats to the technology. The paper indicates that OPV cells have the potential to revolutionize the solar energy industry due to their low production costs, and ability to produce thin, flexible solar cells. However, challenges such as lower efficiency, durability, and technological limitations still exist. Despite these challenges, the tunability and versatility of organic materials offer promise for future success. The paper concludes by suggesting that future research should focus on addressing the identified challenges and developing new materials and technologies that can further improve the performance and efficiency of OPV cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebru Kondolot Solak
- Chemistry and Chemical Processing Technologies, Technical Sciences Vocational School, Gazi University Ankara Turkey
| | - Erdal Irmak
- Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Gazi University Ankara Turkey
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26
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Kwon HJ, Kim GU, Lim C, Kim JK, Lee SS, Cho J, Koo HJ, Kim BJ, Char K, Son JG. Sequentially Coated Wavy Nanowire Composite Transparent Electrode for Stretchable Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:13656-13667. [PMID: 36857324 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c00965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in fabricating stretchable and transparent electrodes have led to various techniques for establishing next-generation form-factor optoelectronic devices. Wavy Ag nanowire networks with large curvature radii are promising platforms as stretchable and transparent electrodes due to their high electrical conductivity and stretchability even at very high transparency. However, there are disadvantages such as intrinsic nonregular conductivity, large surface roughness, and nanowire oxidation in air. Here, we introduce electrically synergistic but mechanically independent composite electrodes by sequentially introducing conducting polymers and ionic liquids into the wavy Ag nanowire network to maintain the superior performance of the stretchable transparent electrode while ensuring overall conductivity, lower roughness, and long-term stability. In particular, plenty of ionic liquids can be incorporated into the uniformly coated conducting polymer so that the elastic modulus can be significantly lowered and sliding can occur at the nanowire interface, thereby obtaining the high mechanical stretchability of the composite electrode. Finally, as a result of applying the composite film as the stretchable transparent electrode of stretchable organic solar cells, the organic solar cell exhibits a high power conversion efficiency of 11.3% and 89% compared to the initial efficiency even at 20% tensile strain, demonstrating excellent stretching stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jeong Kwon
- Soft Hybrid Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Geon-U Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Chulhee Lim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jai Kyeong Kim
- Soft Hybrid Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Soo Lee
- Soft Hybrid Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhan Cho
- Soft Hybrid Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung-Jun Koo
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Seoul National University of Science and Technology, Seoul 01811, Republic of Korea
| | - Bumjoon J Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Kookheon Char
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Gon Son
- Soft Hybrid Materials Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
- KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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27
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Du B, Fukuda K, Yokota T, Inoue D, Hashizume D, Xiong S, Lee S, Takakuwa M, Sun L, Wang J, Someya T. Surface-Energy-Mediated Interfacial Adhesion for Mechanically Robust Ultraflexible Organic Photovoltaics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 36896972 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c01519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Insufficient interfacial adhesion is a widespread problem across multilayered devices that undermines their reliability. In flexible organic photovoltaics (OPVs), poor interfacial adhesion can accelerate degradation and failure under mechanical deformations due to the intrinsic brittleness and mismatching mechanical properties between functional layers. We introduce an argon plasma treatment for OPV devices, which yields 58% strengthening in interfacial adhesion between an active layer and a MoOX hole transport layer, thus contributing to mechanical reliability. The improved adhesion is attributed to the increased surface energy of the active layer that occurred after the mild argon plasma treatment. The mechanically stabilized interface retards the flexible device degradation induced by mechanical stress and maintains a power conversion efficiency of 94.8% after 10,000 cycles of bending with a radius of 2.5 mm. In addition, a fabricated 3 μm thick ultraflexible OPV device shows excellent mechanical robustness, retaining 91.0% of the initial efficiency after 1000 compressing-stretching cycles with a 40% compression ratio. The developed ultraflexible OPV devices can operate stably at the maximum power point under continuous 1 sun illumination for 500 min with an 89.3% efficiency retention. Overall, we validate a simple interfacial linking strategy for efficient and mechanically robust flexible and ultraflexible OPVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baocai Du
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Center for Emergent Matter Science, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Fukuda
- Center for Emergent Matter Science, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Thin-Film Device Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Yokota
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Institute of Engineering Innovation, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Daishi Inoue
- Center for Emergent Matter Science, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Daisuke Hashizume
- Center for Emergent Matter Science, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Sixing Xiong
- Center for Emergent Matter Science, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Shinyoung Lee
- Center for Emergent Matter Science, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Masahito Takakuwa
- Center for Emergent Matter Science, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Modern Mechanical Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Lulu Sun
- Thin-Film Device Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Jiachen Wang
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Center for Emergent Matter Science, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Takao Someya
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
- Center for Emergent Matter Science, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Thin-Film Device Laboratory, RIKEN, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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28
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Ge J, Chen Z, Ye Q, Xie L, Song W, Guo Y, Zhang J, Tong X, Zhang J, Zhou E, Wei Z, Ge Z. Modulation of Molecular Stacking via Tuning 2-Ethylhexyl Alkyl Chain Enables Improved Efficiency for All-Small-Molecule Organic Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:10803-10811. [PMID: 36799569 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c00167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
There is always a dilemma between strong π-π stacking/crystallinity and suitable domain size for all-small-molecule organic solar cells (ASM-OSCs), which puts forward higher requirements for the design of molecular donors. In this work, a series of novel molecular donors with different positional 2-ethylhexy (EH) attachments are designed and synthesized, named SM-R, SM-REH, SM-EH-R, and SM-EH-REH. It is found that EH-substitution on end groups (SM-REH) enables improved π-π interaction and crystallinity but with decreased solubility and phase size, leading to the improved efficiency of 15.6% as compared to 14.0% of SM-R. In contrast, EH-substitution on the π-bridge (SM-EH-R) significantly suppresses π-π stacking and increases the solubility, resulting in the lower efficiency of 11.9%. The further EH-substitution on end-groups of SM-EH-R, namely, SM-EH-REH, recovers the π-π stacking strength and obtains a moderate efficiency of 14.4%. Despite the higher crystallinity and increased π-π stacking in some molecules, the blend films show the gradually decreased domain size in the sequence of SM-R, SM-REH, SM-EH-R, and SM-EH-REH owing to the steric hindrance of the EH-chain. Overall, this work indicates that obtaining the higher π-π stacking/crystallinity and decreased domain size is achievable by tuning the EH-chain substitution, which paves the way to further improve the photovoltaic performance of ASM-OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Ge
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Zhenyu Chen
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Qinrui Ye
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Lin Xie
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China
| | - Wei Song
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yuntong Guo
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China
| | - Jinna Zhang
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China
| | - Xinyu Tong
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jianqi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Erjun Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Zhixiang Wei
- Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, P. R. China
| | - Ziyi Ge
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, P. R. China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
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29
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Schmitt A, Kazerouni N, Castillo GE, Thompson BC. Synthesis of Block Copolymers Containing Stereoregular Pendant Electroactive Blocks. ACS Macro Lett 2023; 12:159-164. [PMID: 36648201 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.2c00722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The stereoregular nonconjugated pendant electroactive polymer (NCPEP) poly((N-carbazolylethylthio) propyl methacrylate) (PCzETPMA) has recently shown charge carrier mobilities that are on par with conjugated polymers. Here, we increased the complexity of the architecture for this NCPEP by introducing a polystyrene (PS) block via an anionic, living polymerization yielding a family of PS-b-PCzETPMA block copolymers as the first examples of NCPEP-block-copolymers with controlled stereoregularity of the NCPEP-blocks. Through this methodology we were able to control the molar masses, PS to PCzETPMA block ratios, and tacticities of the PCzETPMA-blocks. We found all three parameters to significantly impact the hole mobilities (μh) of the resulting copolymers, which increased with higher molar masses, longer PCzETPMA-blocks, and higher isotacticity of the PCzETPMA-block, giving the best μh of 2.33 × 10-5 cm2/V·s after annealing at 150 °C for the highest molar mass copolymer with a dominant isotactic PCzETPMA-block. This work is the first reported synthesis of a block copolymer bearing a NCPEP-block with a controlled tacticity and demonstrates that such complex polymer architectures can be realized with NCPEPs while maintaining control over their stereoregularity and without significantly suppressing the hole mobility in the resulting copolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Schmitt
- Department of Chemistry, Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-1661, United States
| | - Negar Kazerouni
- Department of Chemistry, Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-1661, United States
| | - Grace E Castillo
- Department of Chemistry, Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-1661, United States
| | - Barry C Thompson
- Department of Chemistry, Loker Hydrocarbon Research Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089-1661, United States
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30
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Liao YJ, Hsieh YC, Chen JT, Yang LS, Jian XZ, Lin SH, Lin YR, Chen LM, Li F, Hsiao YT, Liao CY, Chang YM, Huang YY, Tsao CS, Horng SF, Chao YC, Meng HF. Large-Area Nonfullerene Organic Photovoltaic Modules with a High Certified Power Conversion Efficiency. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:7911-7918. [PMID: 36719898 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c17418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Achieving large-area organic photovoltaic (OPV) modules with reasonable cost and performance is an important step toward commercialization. In this work, solution-processed conventional and inverted OPV modules with an area of 216 cm2 were fabricated by the blade coating method. Film uniformity was controlled by adjusting the fabrication parameters of the blade coating procedure. The influence of the concentration of the solutions of the interfacial materials on OPV module performance was investigated. For OPV modules based on the PM6:Y6 photoactive layer, a certificated power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 9.10% was achieved for the conventional OPV modules based on the TASiW-12 interfacial layer while a certificated PCE of 11.27% was achieved for the inverted OPV modules based on the polyethylenimine (PEI) interfacial layer. As for OPV modules based on a commercially available photoactive layer, PV-X Plus, a PCE of 8.52% was achieved in the inverted OPV modules. A halogen-free solvent, o-xylene, was used as the solvent for PV-X Plus, which makes the industrial production much more environmentally friendly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Jia Liao
- Institute of Electronic Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chao Hsieh
- Institute of Physics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Tso Chen
- Institute of Electronic Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Lan-Sheng Yang
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
| | - Xin-Zhe Jian
- Institute of Physics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hung Lin
- Institute of Electronic Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ru Lin
- Institute of Physics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Li-Min Chen
- Department of Electrophysics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Fenghong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, PR China
| | - Yu-Tang Hsiao
- Raynergy Tek Incorporation, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu 30844, Taiwan
| | - Chuang-Yi Liao
- Raynergy Tek Incorporation, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu 30844, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ming Chang
- Raynergy Tek Incorporation, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu 30844, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Yu Huang
- Taiwan Agricultural Research Institute, Wufeng, Taichung City 413008, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Si Tsao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Longtan, Taoyuan 32546, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Fu Horng
- Institute of Electronic Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chiang Chao
- Institute of Physics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 116, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Fei Meng
- Institute of Physics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
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31
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Gao Y, Liao J, Chen H, Ning H, Wu Q, Li Z, Wang Z, Zhang X, Shao M, Yu Y. High Performance Polarization-Resolved Photodetectors Based on Intrinsically Stretchable Organic Semiconductors. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2204727. [PMID: 36398626 PMCID: PMC9839839 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202204727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Polarization-sensitive photodetectors based on anisotropic semiconductors sense both the intensity and polarization state information without extra optical components. Here, a self-powered organic photodetector (OPD) composed of intrinsically stretchable polymer donor PNTB6-Cl and non-fullerene acceptor Y6 is reported. The PNTB6-Cl:Y6 photoactive film accommodates a remarkable 100% strain without fracture, exhibiting a high optical anisotropy of 1.8 after strain alignment. The resulting OPD not only shows an impressive faint-light detection capability (high spectral responsivity of 0.45 A W-1 and high specific detectivity of 1012 Jones), but also has a high anisotropic responsivity ratio of 1.42 under the illumination of parallel and traversed polarized light. To the best of the authors' knowledge, both the detector performance and polarization features are among the best-performing OPDs and polarization-sensitive photodetectors. As a proof-of-concept, polarization-sensitive OPDs are also utilized to set up a polarimetric imaging system and full-Stokes polarimeter. This work explores the potential of highly stretchable organic semiconductors for state-of-art polarization imaging and spectroscopy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yerun Gao
- Wuhan National Laboratory for OptoelectronicsHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430074P. R. China
| | - Jiawen Liao
- Wuhan National Laboratory for OptoelectronicsHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430074P. R. China
| | - Haoyu Chen
- Wuhan National Laboratory for OptoelectronicsHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430074P. R. China
| | - Haijun Ning
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of GuangdongShantou UniversityGuangdong515063P. R. China
| | - Qinghe Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of GuangdongShantou UniversityGuangdong515063P. R. China
| | - Zhilin Li
- Wuhan National Laboratory for OptoelectronicsHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430074P. R. China
| | - Zhenye Wang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for OptoelectronicsHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430074P. R. China
| | - Xinliang Zhang
- Wuhan National Laboratory for OptoelectronicsHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430074P. R. China
| | - Ming Shao
- Wuhan National Laboratory for OptoelectronicsHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430074P. R. China
| | - Yu Yu
- Wuhan National Laboratory for OptoelectronicsHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430074P. R. China
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32
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Lee JW, Seo S, Lee SW, Kim GU, Han S, Phan TNL, Lee S, Li S, Kim TS, Lee JY, Kim BJ. Intrinsically Stretchable, Highly Efficient Organic Solar Cells Enabled by Polymer Donors Featuring Hydrogen-Bonding Spacers. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2207544. [PMID: 36153847 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202207544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Intrinsically stretchable organic solar cells (IS-OSCs), consisting of all stretchable layers, are attracting significant attention as a future power source for wearable electronics. However, most of the efficient active layers for OSCs are mechanically brittle due to their rigid molecular structures designed for high electrical and optical properties. Here, a series of new polymer donors (PD s, PhAmX) featuring phenyl amide (N1 ,N3 -bis((5-bromothiophen-2-yl)methyl)isophthalamide, PhAm)-based flexible spacer (FS) inducing hydrogen-bonding (H-bonding) interactions is developed. These PD s enable IS-OSCs with a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 12.73% and excellent stretchability (PCE retention of >80% of the initial value at 32% strain), representing the best performances among the reported IS-OSCs to date. The incorporation of PhAm-based FS enhances the molecular ordering of PD s as well as their interactions with a Y7 acceptor, enhancing the mechanical stretchability and electrical properties simultaneously. It is also found that in rigid OSCs, the PhAm5:Y7 blend achieves a much higher PCE of 17.5% compared to that of the reference PM6:Y7 blend. The impact of the PhAm-FS linker on the mechanical and photovoltaic properties of OSCs is thoroughly investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Woo Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Soodeok Seo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Woo Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Geon-U Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungseok Han
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Tan Ngoc-Lan Phan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungjin Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sheng Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Taek-Soo Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Yong Lee
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Bumjoon J Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
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33
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Watanabe N, He W, Nozaki N, Matsumoto H, Michinobu T. Benzothiadiazole versus Thiazolobenzotriazole: A Structural Study of Electron Acceptors in Solution-Processable Organic Semiconductors. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200768. [PMID: 36102294 PMCID: PMC9828094 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Despite the rapid progress of organic electronics, developing high-performance n-type organic semiconductors is still challenging. Donor-acceptor (D-A) type conjugated structures have been an effective molecular design strategy to achieve chemically-stable semiconductors and the appropriate choice of the acceptor units determines the electronic properties and device performances. We have now synthesized two types of A1 -D-A2 -D-A1 type conjugated molecules, namely, NDI-BTT-NDI and NDI-TBZT-NDI, with different central acceptor units. In order to investigate the effects of the central acceptor units on the charge-transporting properties, organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) were fabricated. NDI-TBZT-NDI had shallower HOMO and deeper LUMO levels than NDI-BTT-NDI. Hence, the facilitated charge injection resulted in ambipolar transistor performances with the optimized hole and electron mobilities of 0.00134 and 0.151 cm2 V-1 s-1 , respectively. In contrast, NDI-BTT-NDI displayed only an n-channel OFET performance with the electron mobility of 0.0288 cm2 V-1 s-1 . In addition, the device based on NDI-TBZT-NDI showed a superior air stability to that based on NDI-BTT-NDI. The difference in these OFET performances was reasonably explained by the contact resistance and film morphology. Overall, this study demonstrated that the TBZ acceptor is a promising building block to create n-type organic semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanami Watanabe
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringTokyo Institute of Technology2–12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-kuTokyo152–8552Japan
| | - Waner He
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringTokyo Institute of Technology2–12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-kuTokyo152–8552Japan
| | - Naoya Nozaki
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringTokyo Institute of Technology2–12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-kuTokyo152–8552Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Matsumoto
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringTokyo Institute of Technology2–12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-kuTokyo152–8552Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Michinobu
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringTokyo Institute of Technology2–12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-kuTokyo152–8552Japan
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