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Khatua R, Das B, Mondal A. Physics-Informed Machine Learning with Data-Driven Equations for Predicting Organic Solar Cell Performance. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 39388716 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c10868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/12/2024]
Abstract
Organic solar cells (OSCs) have emerged as a promising solution in pursuing sustainable energy. This study presents a comprehensive approach to advancing OSC development by integrating data-driven equations from quantum mechanical (QM) descriptors with physics-informed machine learning (PIML) models. We circumvent traditional experimental limitations through high-throughput QM calculations, prioritizing transparent and interpretable models. Using the SISSO++ method, we identified key descriptors that effectively map the relationships between input variables and photovoltaic performance metrics. Our innovative predictive models, derived from SISSO outputs, excel in forecasting critical OSC parameters such as short-circuit current (JSC), open-circuit voltage (VOC), fill factor (FF), and power conversion efficiency (PCEmax), achieving high accuracy even with limited data sets. To validate our models' practical utility, we applied the PIML framework to a newly compiled data set of OSC devices, demonstrating their versatility and capability in pinpointing high-performance materials. This research underscores the strong predictive power of our models, bridging the gap between experimental results and theoretical predictions and making significant contributions to the advancement of sustainable energy technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rudranarayan Khatua
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Bibhas Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
| | - Anirban Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382355, India
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2
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Niharika Bhuyan N, Shankar S S, Jyoti Panda S, Shekhar Purohit C, Singhal R, Sharma GD, Mishra A. An Asymmetric Coumarin-Anthracene Conjugate as Efficient Fullerene-Free Acceptor for Organic Solar Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202406272. [PMID: 38739535 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202406272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Asymmetric wide-band gap fullerene-free acceptors (FFAs) play a crucial role in organic solar cells (OSCs). Here, we designed and synthesized a simple asymmetric coumarin-anthracene conjugate named CA-CN with optical band gap of 2.1 eV in a single-step condensation reaction. Single crystal X-ray structure analysis confirms various multiple intermolecular non-covalent interactions. The molecular orbital energy levels of CA-CN estimated from cyclic voltammetry were found to be suitable for its use as an acceptor for OSCs. Binary OSCs fabricated using CA-CN as acceptor and PTB7-Th as the donor achieve a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 11.13 %. We further demonstrate that the insertion of 20 wt % of CA-CN as a third component in ternary OSCs with PTB7-Th : DICTF as the host material achieved an impressive PCE of 14.91 %, an improvement of ~43 % compared to the PTB7-Th : DICTF binary device (10.38 %). Importantly, the ternary blend enhances the absorption coverage from 400 to 800 nm and improves the morphology of the active layer. The findings highlight the efficacy of an asymmetric design approach for FFAs, which paves the way for developing high-efficiency OSCs at low cost.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shyam Shankar S
- Department of Physics, The LNM Institute of Information Technology, Deemed University), Rupa ki Nagal, Jamdoli, 302031, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Subhra Jyoti Panda
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, Jatni, 752050, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India
| | - Chandra Shekhar Purohit
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research, Jatni, 752050, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India
| | - Rahul Singhal
- Department of Physics, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, 302017, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Ganesh D Sharma
- Department of Physics, The LNM Institute of Information Technology, Deemed University), Rupa ki Nagal, Jamdoli, 302031, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Amaresh Mishra
- School of Chemistry, Sambalpur University, 768019, Jyoti Vihar, Sambalpur, India
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3
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Taouali W, Alimi K. Optimizing non-fullerene acceptor molecules constituting fluorene core for enhanced performance in organic solar cells: a theoretical methodology. J Mol Model 2024; 30:342. [PMID: 39297915 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-024-06120-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/21/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT Looking for novel outstanding performance materials suitable for organic solar cells, we constructed a range of non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) evolved from the recently synthesized acceptor molecule identified as DICTIF, structured around fluorene core where 2-(2,3-dihydro-3-oxo-1H-inden-1-ylidene) propanedinitrile presented the terminals end-groups. Employing density functional theory (DFT) and time dependent-DFT (TD-DFT) simulations, we have simulated the impact of altering the end groups of DICTIF molecule by five assorted acceptors molecules, for the purpose of exploring their opto-electronic properties and their performance in organic solar cell (OSC) applications. We proved that the designed non-fullerene acceptors provide enhanced efficiency compared to the synthesized molecule, such as planar geometries and narrower energy gap ranging from 1.51 to 1.95 eV. A red shift in absorption was observed for all tailored molecules (λmax = 583.5-711.4 nm) as compared to the reference molecule (λmax = 578 nm).Various decisive factors such as frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs), exciton binding energy (EB), absorption maximum (λmax), open circuit voltage (VOC), reorganization energies (RE), transition density matrix (TDM), reduced density gradient (RDG), and electron-hole overlap have also been computed for analyzing the performance of NFAs. Low reorganizational energy values facilitate charge mobility which improves the conductivity of all the designed molecules. This study showed that our novel tailored molecules might be suitable candidates for the fabrication of highly efficient photovoltaic materials. METHODS After testing various hybrid functionals, optimized geometries were assigned using DFT HSEH1PBE/6-31G(d) level of theory. Electronic excitations and absorption spectra were investigated using the TD-DFT MPW1PW91/6-31G(d) level of theory. We ascertained that HSEH1PBE/6-31G(d) level of theory yield the closest calculated highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy levels of the DICTIF to the corresponding experimental ones and that TD-MPW1PW91//6-31G(d) was the most suitable level of theory for exploring electronic excitations and finding the maximum of absorption (λmax).
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Affiliation(s)
- Walid Taouali
- Laboratoire de Recherche: Synthèse asymétrique et ingénierie moléculaires des matériaux nouveaux pour l'électroniques Organiques (LR18ES19), Faculté des Sciences de Monastir, Université de Monastir-Tunisie, Monastir, Tunisia.
| | - Kamel Alimi
- Laboratoire de Recherche: Synthèse asymétrique et ingénierie moléculaires des matériaux nouveaux pour l'électroniques Organiques (LR18ES19), Faculté des Sciences de Monastir, Université de Monastir-Tunisie, Monastir, Tunisia
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4
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Jang W, Luong HM, Kim MS, Nguyen TQ, Wang DH. Enhancing Detection Frequency and Reducing Noise Through Continuous Structures via Release-Controlled Transfer Toward Light-Based Wireless Communication. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2406316. [PMID: 39246216 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202406316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024]
Abstract
Organic photodetectors (OPDs) have received considerable attention owing to their superior absorption coefficient and tunable bandgap. The introduction of bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) structure aims to maximize charge generation, however, its response speed is constrained by the random distribution of donor and acceptor. Herein, a multiple-active layer design consisting of a single acceptor layer and a bulk-heterojunction layer (A/BHJ structure) is introduced, which combines the benefits of both the planar junction and the BHJ, improving photo-sensing. A transfer process is employed for this structure, which involves calculating the energy release rate at each interface, considering temperature and velocity. Consequently, the OPD with the A/BHJ structure is successfully fabricated through transfer printing, resulting in reduced dark current, superior detectivity (1.06 × 1013 Jones), and rapid response, achieved by creating a high hole injection barrier and suppressing trap sites within the interfaces. By thoroughly investigating charge dynamics in the structure, the A/BHJ structure-based OPD attains large bandwidth detection with high signal-to-noise. An efficient wireless data communication system with digital-to-analog conversion is showcased using the A/BHJ structure-based OPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woongsik Jang
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
- Department of Intelligent Semiconductor Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoang M Luong
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Min Soo Kim
- Department of Intelligent Semiconductor Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Thuc-Quyen Nguyen
- Center for Polymers and Organic Solids and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Dong Hwan Wang
- School of Integrative Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
- Department of Intelligent Semiconductor Engineering, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
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5
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Langa F, de la Cruz P, Sharma GD. Organic Solar Cells Based on Non-Fullerene Low Molecular Weight Organic Semiconductor Molecules. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024:e202400361. [PMID: 39240557 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202400361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
The development of narrow bandgap A-D-A- and ADA'DA-type non-fullerene small molecule acceptors (NFSMAs) along with small molecule donors (SMDs) have led to significant progress in all-small molecule organic solar cells. Remarkable power conversion efficiencies, nearing the range of 17-18 %, have been realized. These efficiency values are on par with those achieved in OSCs based on polymeric donors. The commercial application of organic photovoltaic technology requires the design of more efficient organic conjugated small molecule donors and acceptors. In recent years the precise tuning of optoelectronic properties in small molecule donors and acceptors has attracted considerable attention and has contributed greatly to the advancement of all-SM-OSCs. Several reviews have been published in this field, but the focus of this review concerns the advances in research on OSCs using SMDs and NFSMAs from 2018 to the present. The review covers the progress made in binary and ternary OSCs, the effects of solid additives on the performance of all-SM-OSCs, and the recently developed layer-by-layer deposition method for these OSCs. Finally, we present our perspectives and a concise outlook on further advances in all-SM-OSCs for their commercial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Langa
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Instituto de Nanociencia, Nanotecnología y Materiales Moleculares (INAMOL), Campus de la Fábrica de Armas, 45071, Toledo, Spain
| | - Pilar de la Cruz
- Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Instituto de Nanociencia, Nanotecnología y Materiales Moleculares (INAMOL), Campus de la Fábrica de Armas, 45071, Toledo, Spain
| | - Ganesh D Sharma
- Department of Physics, The LNM Institute of Information Technology, Jamdoli, Jaipur (Rai), 302031, India
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, The LNM Institute of Information Technology, Jamdoli, Jaipur (Rai), 302031, India
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Park J, Jeong S, Sun Z, Mai TLH, Jeong S, Yang S, Yang C. Triadic Halobenzene Processing Additive Combined Advantages of Both Solvent and Solid Types for Efficient and Stable Organic Solar Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2405415. [PMID: 39225371 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202405415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2024] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Solvent additives with a high boiling point (BP) and low vapor pressure (VP) have formed a key handle for improving the performance of organic solar cells (OSCs). However, it is not always clear whether they remain in the active-layer film after deposition, which can negatively affect the reproducibility and stability of OSCs. In this study, an easily removable solvent additive (4-chloro-2-fluoroiodobenzene (CFIB)) with a low BP and high VP is introduced, behaving like volatile solid additives that can be completely removed during the device fabrication process. In-depth studies of CFIB addition into the D18-Cl donor and N3 acceptor validate its dominant non-covalent intermolecular interactions with N3 through effective electrostatic interactions. Such phenomena improve charge dynamics and kinetics by optimizing the morphology, leading to enhanced performance of D18-Cl:N3-based devices with a power conversion efficiency of 18.54%. The CFIB-treated device exhibits exceptional thermal stability (T80 lifetime = 120 h) at 85 °C compared with the CFIB-free device, because of its morphological robustness by evolving no residual CFIB in the film. The CFIB features a combination of advantages of solvent (easy application) and solid (high volatility) additives, demonstrating its great potential use in the commercial mass production of OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeyeong Park
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Seonghun Jeong
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Zhe Sun
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Thi Le Huyen Mai
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Seokhwan Jeong
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Sangjin Yang
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
| | - Changduk Yang
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Perovtronics Research Center, Low Dimensional Carbon Materials Center, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
- Graduate School of Carbon Neutrality, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), 50 UNIST-gil, Ulju-gun, Ulsan, 44919, South Korea
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Wu W, Zou B, Ma R, Yao J, Li C, Luo Z, Xie B, Qammar M, Dela Peña TA, Li M, Wu J, Yang C, Fan Q, Ma W, Li G, Yan H. A Difluoro-Methoxylated Ending-Group Asymmetric Small Molecule Acceptor Lead Efficient Binary Organic Photovoltaic Blend. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2402793. [PMID: 38757420 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202402793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Developing a new end group for synthesizing asymmetric small molecule acceptors (SMAs) is crucial for achieving high-performance organic photovoltaics (OPVs). Herein, an asymmetric small molecule acceptor, BTP-BO-4FO, featuring a new difluoro-methoxylated end-group is reported. Compared to its symmetric counterpart L8-BO, BTP-BO-4FO exhibits an upshifted energy level, larger dipole moment, and more sequential crystallinity. By adopting two representative and widely available solvent additives (1-chloronaphthalene (CN) and 1,8-diiodooctane (DIO)), the device based on PM6:BTP-BO-4FO (CN) photovoltaic blend demonstrates a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.62% with an excellent open-circuit voltage (VOC) of 0.933 V, which surpasses the optimal result of L8-BO. The PCE of 18.62% realizes the best efficiencies for binary OPVs based on SMAs with asymmetric end groups. A series of investigations reveal that optimized PM6:BTP-BO-4FO film demonstrates similar molecular packing motif and fibrillar phase distribution as PM6:L8-BO (DIO) does, resulting in comparable recombination dynamics, thus, similar fill factor. Besides, it is found PM6:BTP-BO-4FO possesses more efficient charge generation, which yields better VOC-JSC balance. This study provides a new ending group that enables a cutting-edge efficiency in asymmetric SMA-based OPVs, enriching the material library and shed light on further design ideas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Wu
- Department of Chemistry Department of Chemistry and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Bosen Zou
- Department of Chemistry Department of Chemistry and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Ruijie Ma
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Research Institute for Smart Energy (RISE), Photonic Research Institute (PRI), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Jia Yao
- Department of Chemistry Department of Chemistry and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Chunliang Li
- Department of Chemistry Department of Chemistry and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Zhenghui Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Energy Materials Service Safety, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Bomin Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Memoona Qammar
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST), Clear Water Bay Rd, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Top Archie Dela Peña
- Department of Chemistry Department of Chemistry and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
- Function Hub, Advanced Materials Thrust, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Nansha, Guangzhou, 511400, P. R. China
| | - Mingjie Li
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Jiaying Wu
- Function Hub, Advanced Materials Thrust, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Nansha, Guangzhou, 511400, P. R. China
| | - Chuluo Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Energy Materials Service Safety, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, P. R. China
| | - Qunping Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Research Institute for Smart Energy (RISE), Photonic Research Institute (PRI), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - He Yan
- Department of Chemistry Department of Chemistry and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
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8
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Chandran HT, Ma R, Xu Z, Veetil JC, Luo Y, Dela Peña TA, Gunasekaran I, Mahadevan S, Liu K, Xiao Y, Xia H, Wu J, Li M, Tsang SW, Yu X, Chen W, Li G. High-Detectivity All-Polymer Photodiode Empowers Smart Vitality Surveillance and Computational Imaging Rivaling Silicon Diodes. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2407271. [PMID: 39081083 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202407271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024]
Abstract
Near-infrared (NIR) organic photodetectors (OPDs), particularly all-polymer-based ones, hold substantial commercial promise in the healthcare and imaging sectors. However, the process of optimizing their active layer composition to achieve highly competitive figures of merit lacks a clear direction and methodology. In this work, celebrity polymer acceptor PY-IT into a more NIR absorbing host system PBDB-T:PZF-V, to significantly enhance the photodetection competence, is introduced. The refined all-polymer ternary broadband photodetector demonstrates superior performance metrics, including experimentally measured noise current as low as 6 fA Hz-1/2, specific detectivity reaching 8 × 1012 Jones, linear dynamic range (LDR) of 145 dB, and swift response speed surpassing 200 kHz, striking a fair balance between sensitivity and response speed. Comprehensive morphological and photophysical characterizations elucidate the mechanisms behind the observed performance enhancements in this study, which include reduced trap density, enhanced charge transport, diminished charge recombination, and balanced electron/hole mobilities. Moreover, the practical deployment potential of the proof-of-concept device in self-powered mode is demonstrated through their application in a machine learning-based cuffless blood pressure (BP) estimation system and in high-resolution computational imaging across complex environments, where they are found to quantitatively rival commercial silicon diodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hrisheekesh Thachoth Chandran
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Research Institute for Smart Energy (RISE), Photonics Research Institute (PRI), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Ruijie Ma
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Research Institute for Smart Energy (RISE), Photonics Research Institute (PRI), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Zhihan Xu
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Jipsa Chelora Veetil
- Hong Kong Center for Cerebro-Cardiovascular Health Engineering (COCHE), Hong Kong, SAR, P. R. China
| | - Yongmin Luo
- Function Hub, Advanced Materials Thrust, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Nansha, Guangzhou, 511400, P. R. China
| | - Top Archie Dela Peña
- Function Hub, Advanced Materials Thrust, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Nansha, Guangzhou, 511400, P. R. China
- Faculty of Science, Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Iyappan Gunasekaran
- Hong Kong Center for Cerebro-Cardiovascular Health Engineering (COCHE), Hong Kong, SAR, P. R. China
| | - Sudhi Mahadevan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), Hong Kong Institute of Clean Energy (HKICE), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Kuan Liu
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Research Institute for Smart Energy (RISE), Photonics Research Institute (PRI), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Yin Xiao
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Hao Xia
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Research Institute for Smart Energy (RISE), Photonics Research Institute (PRI), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Jiaying Wu
- Function Hub, Advanced Materials Thrust, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Nansha, Guangzhou, 511400, P. R. China
| | - Mingjie Li
- Faculty of Science, Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China
| | - Sai-Wing Tsang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), Hong Kong Institute of Clean Energy (HKICE), City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Xinge Yu
- Hong Kong Center for Cerebro-Cardiovascular Health Engineering (COCHE), Hong Kong, SAR, P. R. China
| | - Wen Chen
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Research Institute for Smart Energy (RISE), Photonics Research Institute (PRI), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
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9
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Zhang B, Jiang M, Mao P, Wang S, Gui R, Wang Y, Woo HY, Yin H, Wang JL, An Q. Manipulating Alkyl Inner Side Chain of Acceptor for Efficient As-Cast Organic Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2405718. [PMID: 39014920 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202405718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
As-cast organic solar cells (OSCs) possess tremendous potential for low-cost commercial applications. Herein, five small-molecule acceptors (A1-A5) are designed and synthesized by selectively and elaborately extending the alkyl inner side chain flanking on the pyrrole motif to prepare efficient as-cast devices. As the extension of the alkyl chain, the absorption spectra of the films are gradually blue-shifted from A1 to A5 along with slightly uplifted lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy levels, which is conducive for optimizing the trade-off between short-circuit current density and open-circuit voltage of the devices. Moreover, a longer alkyl chain improves compatibility between the acceptor and donor. The in situ technique clarifies that good compatibility will prolong molecular assembly time and assist in the preferential formation of the donor phase, where the acceptor precipitates in the framework formed by the donor. The corresponding film-formation dynamics facilitate the realization of favorable film morphology with a suitable fibrillar structure, molecular stacking, and vertical phase separation, resulting in an incremental fill factor from A1 to A5-based devices. Consequently, the A3-based as-cast OSCs achieve a top-ranked efficiency of 18.29%. This work proposes an ingenious strategy to manipulate intermolecular interactions and control the film-formation process for constructing high-performance as-cast devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectric/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Mengyun Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectric/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Peng Mao
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectric/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Analysis & Testing Center, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 10081, China
| | - Ruohua Gui
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Yingqi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectric/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Han Young Woo
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Hang Yin
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Jin-Liang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectric/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Qiaoshi An
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectric/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
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10
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Song J, Li C, Ma H, Han B, Wang Q, Wang X, Wei D, Bu L, Yang R, Yan H, Sun Y. Optimizing Double-Fibril Network Morphology via Solid Additive Strategy Enables Binary All-Polymer Solar Cells with 19.50% Efficiency. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2406922. [PMID: 39011798 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202406922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Double-fibril network morphology (DFNM), in which the donor and the acceptor can self-assemble into a double-fibril structure, is beneficial for exciton dissociation and charge transport in organic solar cells. Herein, it is demonstrated that such DFNM can be constructed and optimized in all-polymer solar cells (all-PSCs) with the assistance of 2-alkoxynaphthalene volatile solid additives. It is revealed that the incorporation of 2-alkoxynaphthalene can induce a stepwise regulation in the aggregation of donor and acceptor molecules during film casting and thermal annealing processes. Through altering the alkoxy of 2-alkoxynaphthalene solid additives, both the intermolecular interactions and molecular miscibility with the host materials can be precisely tuned, which allows for the optimization of the molecular aggregation process and facilitation of molecular self-assembly, and thus leading to reinforced molecular packing and optimized DFNM. As a result, an unprecedented efficiency of 19.50% (certified as 19.1%) is obtained for 2-ethoxynaphthalene-processed PM6:PY-DT-X all-PSCs with excellent photostability (T80 = 1750 h). This work reveals that the optimization of DFNM via solid additive strategy is a promising avenue to boosting the performance of all-PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Song
- Hangzhou International Innovation Institute, Beihang University, Hangzhou, 311115, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Chao Li
- Department of Chemistry and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Haisheng Ma
- School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
| | - Bingyu Han
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Xunchang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices (Ministry of Education), School of Optoelectronic Materials & Technology, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, P. R. China
| | - Donghui Wei
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, P. R. China
| | - Laju Bu
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, P. R. China
| | - Renqiang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices (Ministry of Education), School of Optoelectronic Materials & Technology, Jianghan University, Wuhan, 430056, P. R. China
| | - He Yan
- Department of Chemistry and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Yanming Sun
- Hangzhou International Innovation Institute, Beihang University, Hangzhou, 311115, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, P. R. China
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11
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Chen C, Wang L, Xia W, Qiu K, Guo C, Gan Z, Zhou J, Sun Y, Liu D, Li W, Wang T. Molecular interaction induced dual fibrils towards organic solar cells with certified efficiency over 20. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6865. [PMID: 39127750 PMCID: PMC11316771 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51359-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The nanoscale fibrillar morphology, featuring long-range structural order, provides abundant interfaces for efficient exciton dissociation and high-quality pathways for effective charge transport, is a promising morphology for high performance organic solar cells. Here, we synthesize a thiophene terminated non-fullerene acceptor, L8-ThCl, to induce the fibrillization of both polymer donor and host acceptor, that surpasses the 20% efficiency milestone of organic solar cells. After adding L8-ThCl, the original weak and less continuous nanofibrils of polymer donors, i.e. PM6 or D18, are well enlarged and refined, whilst the host acceptor L8-BO also assembles into nanofibrils with enhanced structural order. By adapting the layer-by-layer deposition method, the enhanced structural order can be retained to significantly boost the power conversion efficiency, with specific values of 19.4% and 20.1% for the PM6:L8-ThCl/L8-BO:L8-ThCl and D18:L8-ThCl/L8-BO:L8-ThCl devices, with the latter being certified 20.0%, which is the highest certified efficiency reported so far for single-junction organic solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Liang Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Weiyi Xia
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ke Qiu
- School of Materials and Microelectronics, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chuanhang Guo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zirui Gan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yuandong Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Dan Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Tao Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China.
- School of Materials and Microelectronics, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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12
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Sağlamkaya E, Shadabroo MS, Tokmoldin N, Melody TM, Sun B, Alqahtani O, Patterson A, Collins BA, Neher D, Shoaee S. Key factors behind the superior performance of polymer-based NFA blends. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024. [PMID: 39120677 DOI: 10.1039/d4mh00747f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
All-small molecule (ASMs) solar cells have great potential to actualize the commercialization of organic photovoltaics owing to their higher solubility, lesser batch-to-batch variety and simpler synthesis routes compared to the blend systems that utilize conjugated polymers. However, the efficiencies of the ASMs are slightly lacking behind the polymer: small molecule bulk-heterojunctions. To address this discrepancy, we compare an ASM blend ZR1:Y6 with a polymer:small molecule blend PM7:Y6, sharing the same non-fullerene acceptor (NFA). Our analyses reveal similar energetic offset between the exciton singlet state and charge transfer state (ΔES1-CT) in ZR1:Y6 and PM7:Y6. In comparison to the latter, surprisingly, the ZR1:Y6 has noticeably a stronger field-dependency of charge generation. Low charge carrier mobilities of ZR1:Y6 measured, using space charge limited current measurements, entail a viable explanation for suppressed charge dissociation. Less crystalline and more intermixed domains as observed in the ZR1:Y6 system compared to polymer:Y6 blends, makes it difficult for NFA to form a continuous pathway for electron transport, which reduces the charge carrier mobility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elifnaz Sağlamkaya
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
| | - Mohammad Saeed Shadabroo
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
| | - Nurlan Tokmoldin
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
- Paul-Drude-Institut für Festkörperelektronik Leibniz-Institut im Forschungsverbund Berlin e.V., Hausvogteiplatz 5-7, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tanner M Melody
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Washington State University, 100 Dairy Road, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Bowen Sun
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
| | - Obaid Alqahtani
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Washington State University, 100 Dairy Road, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
- Department of Physics, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj, 11942, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Acacia Patterson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Washington State University, 100 Dairy Road, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Brian A Collins
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Washington State University, 100 Dairy Road, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Dieter Neher
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
| | - Safa Shoaee
- Institute of Physics and Astronomy, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
- Paul-Drude-Institut für Festkörperelektronik Leibniz-Institut im Forschungsverbund Berlin e.V., Hausvogteiplatz 5-7, 10117 Berlin, Germany
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13
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Huang J, Chen X, Huang S, Nasiri N. Vapor-Tailored Nanojunctions in Ultraporous ZnO Nanoparticle Networks for Superior UV Photodetection. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2402558. [PMID: 39032147 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202402558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
High quality nanojunctions are known to effectively improve the conductivity and structural robustness of ultraporous nanoparticle networks, surpassing the performance of natural van der Waals interfaces. Nevertheless, the traditional approach of forming these junctions by thermal annealing is incompatible with thermolabile polymers and slender metal electrodes found in modern wearable technologies. Herein, we present a low temperature, solvent vapor-based method to rapidly elicit high-quality metal-oxide nanojunctions in a fast, effortless, inexpensive, and easily scalable process; capable of generating necked interparticle interfaces in a matter of minutes. When applied to ultraporous-based ZnO Ultraviolet (UV) photodetectors, the vapor-tailoring process produces an incredible 128,000-fold improvement in responsivity (6.6 A.W-1) over untreated structures (51.2 µA.W-1), and a 5300-fold improvement in responsivity over thermally annealed structures; all while maintaining exceptionally low dark currents of 140 pA at a low bias voltage of 1 V. Most importantly, the exceptional performance enabled by room temperature synthesis suggests high potential adaptability of this process toward wearable UV sensors, shedding lights on the strategy of modifying weakly bonded porous nanostructures for improved physical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff Huang
- NanoTech Laboratory, School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, 2109, Australia
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Ibaraki, 567-0047, Japan
- Joining and Welding Research Institute, Osaka University, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Xiaohu Chen
- NanoTech Laboratory, School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, 2109, Australia
- Smart Green Cities Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, 2109, Australia
| | - Shujuan Huang
- Smart Green Cities Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, 2109, Australia
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, 2109, Australia
| | - Noushin Nasiri
- NanoTech Laboratory, School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, 2109, Australia
- Smart Green Cities Research Centre, Macquarie University, Sydney, 2109, Australia
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14
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Zhu M, Gu T, Liang X, Pandey SK, Gros CP, Xu HJ, Sharma GD. Small molecular donor materials based on β- β-bridged BODIPY dimers with a triphenylamine or carbazole unit for efficient organic solar cells. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:11981-11994. [PMID: 38963010 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt01163e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we have designed and synthesized two novel BODIPY dimer-based small molecules, denoted as ZMH-1 and ZMH-2, covalently linked and functionalized with triphenylamine (TPA) (ZMH-1) and carbazole (CZ) (ZMH-2) units as the electron donor at the 3- and 5-positions of the BODIPY core, respectively. Their optical and electrochemical properties were investigated. We have fabricated all small molecule bulk heterojunction organic solar cells using these BODIPY-based small molecules as electron donors along with fullerene derivative (PC71BM) and medium bandgap non-fullerene acceptor IDT-TC as electron acceptors. The optimized OSCs based on ZMH-1:PC71BM, ZMH-2:PC71BM, ZMH-1:IDT-IC, and ZMH-2:IDT-IC attain overall PCEs of 8.91%, 6.61%, 11.28%, and 5.48%, respectively. Moreover, when a small amount of PC71BM as guest acceptor is added to the binary host ZMH-1:IDT-TC and ZMH-2:IDT-TC, the ternary OSCs based on ZMH-1 and ZMH-2 reach PCEs of 13.70% and 12.71%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhao Zhu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Tingting Gu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Xu Liang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, 212013 Zhenjiang, China
| | - Sarvesh Kumar Pandey
- Department of Chemistry, Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462003, India
| | - Claude P Gros
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne, ICMUB, UMR CNRS 6302, Université de Bourgogne, 9, Avenue Alain Savary, BP 47870, 21078 Dijon Cedex, France
| | - Hai-Jun Xu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453002, China
| | - Ganesh D Sharma
- Department of Physics and Electronics Communication, The LNM Institute of Information Technology, Jamdoli, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 302031, India.
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15
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Zhu S, Lyu L, Li Y, Li W, Cui Y, Hu H. Cyclization Engineering of Electron-Deficient Maleimide Unit for Nonfused Ring Electron Acceptors Enables Efficient Organic Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:33928-33934. [PMID: 38889386 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c06589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Nonfused ring electron acceptors (NFREAs) have emerged as promising materials for commercial applications in organic solar cells due to their straightforward synthesis process and cost-effectiveness. The rational design of their structural frameworks is crucial for enhancing device efficiency. In this study, we explore the use of maleimide and thiophene as key building blocks, employing cyclization engineering techniques. Additionally, cyclopentanedithiophene was chosen as the bridging unit, coupled with fluorinated terminals, to fabricate NFREAs, namely, PI-DTS and DPI-DTS. DPI-DTS demonstrated superior molecular planarity and an upshifted lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy level. Moreover, DPI-DTS-based blend films display enhanced π-π interactions and crystallinity, alongside a predominantly face-on orientation. Consequently, DPI-DTS-based devices displayed enhanced and more balanced carrier mobility, reduced bimolecular recombination, and trap-assisted recombination, leading to improved charge transfer efficiency. Ultimately, this led to an excellent efficiency of 10.48%, with an open-circuit voltage as high as 0.914 V. These findings highlight the significant promise of aromatic imides in constructing NFREAs, and the established structure-performance relationship provides a theoretical basis for the design of high performance NFREAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenbo Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
- School of Energy and Materials, Shanghai Polytechnic University, Shanghai 201209, China
| | - Li Lyu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yiyang Li
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Wenqin Li
- School of Energy and Materials, Shanghai Polytechnic University, Shanghai 201209, China
| | - Yongjie Cui
- School of Energy and Materials, Shanghai Polytechnic University, Shanghai 201209, China
| | - Huawei Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
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16
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Xu L, Li S, Zhao W, Xiong Y, Yu J, Qin J, Wang G, Zhang R, Zhang T, Mu Z, Zhao J, Zhang Y, Zhang S, Kuvondikov V, Zakhidov E, Peng Q, Wang N, Xing G, Gao F, Hou J, Huang W, Wang J. The Role of Solution Aggregation Property toward High-Efficiency Non-Fullerene Organic Photovoltaic Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2403476. [PMID: 38666554 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202403476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
In organic photovoltaic cells, the solution-aggregation effect (SAE) is long considered a critical factor in achieving high power-conversion efficiencies for polymer donor (PD)/non-fullerene acceptor (NFA) blend systems. However, the underlying mechanism has yet to be fully understood. Herein, based on an extensive study of blends consisting of the representative 2D-benzodithiophene-based PDs and acceptor-donor-acceptor-type NFAs, it is demonstrated that SAE shows a strong correlation with the aggregation kinetics during solidification, and the aggregation competition between PD and NFA determines the phase separation of blend film and thus the photovoltaic performance. PDs with strong SAEs enable earlier aggregation evolutions than NFAs, resulting in well-known polymer-templated fibrillar network structures and superior PCEs. With the weakening of PDs' aggregation effects, NFAs, showing stronger tendencies to aggregate, tend to form oversized domains, leading to significantly reduced external quantum efficiencies and fill factors. These trends reveal the importance of matching SAE between PD and NFA. The aggregation abilities of various materials are further evaluated and the aggregation ability/photovoltaic parameter diagrams of 64 PD/NFA combinations are provided. This work proposes a guiding criteria and facile approach to match efficient PD/NFA systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) & School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Sunsun Li
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) & School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Wenchao Zhao
- Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Yaomeng Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) & School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Jinfeng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) & School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Jinzhao Qin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, Linköping, SE-58183, Sweden
| | - Tao Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Zhen Mu
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Jingjing Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) & School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Yuyang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) & School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Shaoqing Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Vakhobjon Kuvondikov
- Institute of Ion-Plasma and Laser Technologies, Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, 33 Durmon yuli, Tashkent, 100125, Uzbekistan
| | - Erkin Zakhidov
- Institute of Ion-Plasma and Laser Technologies, Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, 33 Durmon yuli, Tashkent, 100125, Uzbekistan
| | - Qiming Peng
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) & School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Nana Wang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) & School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Guichuan Xing
- Joint Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering, University of Macau, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau, 999078, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, Linköping, SE-58183, Sweden
| | - Jianhui Hou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) & School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), Nanjing, 211816, China
- Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (IBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Jianpu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM) & School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University (Nanjing Tech), Nanjing, 211816, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering & School of Microelectronics and Control Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, 213164, China
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17
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Qiu D, Tian C, Zhang H, Zhang J, Wei Z, Lu K. Correlating Aggregation Ability of Polymer Donors with Film Formation Kinetics for Organic Solar Cells with Improved Efficiency and Processability. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2313251. [PMID: 38702890 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202313251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Film formation kinetics significantly impact molecular processability and power conversion efficiency (PCE) of organic solar cells. Here, two ternary random copolymerization polymers are reported, D18─N-p and D18─N-m, to modulate the aggregation ability of D18 by introducing trifluoromethyl-substituted pyridine unit at para- and meta-positions, respectively. The introduction of pyridine unit significantly reduces material aggregation ability and adjusts the interactions with acceptor L8-BO, thereby leading to largely changed film formation kinetics with earlier phase separation and longer film formation times, which enlarge fiber sizes in blend films and improve carrier generation and transport. As a result, D18─N-p with moderate aggregation ability delivers a high PCE of 18.82% with L8-BO, which is further improved to 19.45% via interface engineering. Despite the slightly inferior small area device performances, D18─N-m shows improved solubility, which inspires to adjust the ratio of meta-trifluoromethyl pyridine carefully and obtain a polymer donor D18─N-m-10 with good solubility in nonhalogenated solvent o-xylene. High PCEs of 13.07% and 12.43% in 1 cm2 device and 43 cm2 module fabricated with slot-die coating method are achieved based on D18─N-m-10:L8-BO blends. This work emphasizes film formation kinetics optimization in device fabrication via aggregation ability modulation of polymer donors for efficient devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingding Qiu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chenyang Tian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jianqi Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Zhixiang Wei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Kun Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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18
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Cui F, Qiao J, Xu Y, Fu Z, Gui R, Zhang C, Zhou R, Ye L, Du X, Chen F, Hao X, Yan H, Yin H. Using an external electric field to tune active layer morphology enabling high-efficiency organic solar cells via ambient blade coating. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eado5460. [PMID: 38941466 PMCID: PMC11212706 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ado5460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
The nanoscale morphology of the photoactive layer notably impacts the performance of organic solar cells (OSCs). Conventional methods to tune the morphology are typically chemical approaches that adjust the properties (such as solubility and miscibility) of the active components including donor, acceptor, and/or additive. Here, we demonstrate a completely different approach by applying an external electric field (EEF) on the active layer during the wet coating. The EEF-coating method is perfectly compatible with an ambient blade coating using environmentally friendly solvents, which are essential requirements for industrial production of OSCs. A record 18.6% efficiency is achieved using the EEF coating, which is the best value for open-air, blade-coated OSCs to date. Our findings suggest broad material applicability and attribute-enhanced performance to EEF-induced fiber formation and long-range ordering of microstructures of acceptor domains. This technique offers an effective method for producing high-performance OSCs, especially suited for industry OSC production based on open-air printing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengzhe Cui
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, 250100 Shandong, Jinan, China
| | - Jiawei Qiao
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, 250100 Shandong, Jinan, China
| | - Yujie Xu
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, 250100 Shandong, Jinan, China
| | - Zhen Fu
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, 250100 Shandong, Jinan, China
| | - Ruohua Gui
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, 250100 Shandong, Jinan, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department·of Computing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 11 Yuk Choi Road, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Rongkun Zhou
- Department·of Computing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 11 Yuk Choi Road, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Long Ye
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Tianjin University, 300072 Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoyan Du
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, 250100 Shandong, Jinan, China
| | - Feng Chen
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, 250100 Shandong, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaotao Hao
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, 250100 Shandong, Jinan, China
| | - He Yan
- Department of Chemistry and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Hang Yin
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, 250100 Shandong, Jinan, China
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19
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Li S, Nishikubo R, Saeki A. Combined Charge Extraction by Linearly Increasing Voltage and Time-Resolved Microwave Conductivity to Reveal the Dynamic Charge Carrier Mobilities in Thin-Film Organic Solar Cells. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:26951-26962. [PMID: 38947799 PMCID: PMC11209900 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c09977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
This article reports a purely experiment-based method to evaluate the time-dependent charge carrier mobilities in thin-film organic solar cells (OSCs) using simultaneous charge extraction by linearly increasing the voltage (CELIV) and time-resolved microwave conductivity (TRMC) measurements. This method enables the separate measurement of electron mobility (μe) and hole mobility (μh) in a metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) device. A slope-injection-restoration voltage profile for MIS-CELIV is also proposed to accurately determine the charge densities. The dynamic behavior of μe and μh is examined in five bulk heterojunction (BHJ) OSCs of polymer:fullerene (P3HT:PCBM and PffBT4T:PCBM) and polymer:nonfullerene acceptor (PM6:ITIC, PM6:IT4F, and PM6:Y6). While the former exhibits fast decays of μh and μe, the latter, in particular, PM6:IT4F and PM6:Y6, exhibits slow decays. Notably, the high-performing PM6:Y6 demonstrates both a balanced mobility (μe/μh) of 1.0-1.1 within 30 μs and relatively large CELIV-TRMC mobility values among the five BHJs. The results exhibit reasonable consistency with a high fill factor. The proposed new CELIV-TRMC technique offers a path toward a comprehensive understanding of dynamic mobility and its correlation with the OSC performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoxian Li
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Nishikubo
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Innovative
Catalysis Science Division (ICS), Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary
Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University, 1-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Akinori Saeki
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Innovative
Catalysis Science Division (ICS), Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary
Research Initiatives (OTRI), Osaka University, 1-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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20
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Chen BW, Cao K, Wang X, Chen ZC, Jeong SY, Qiu ZL, Dai LS, Li YF, Yang KY, Yun DQ, Woo HY, Deng LL, Xie SY, Zheng LS. Design and Performance of Small-Molecule Donors with Donor-π-Acceptor Architecture Toward Vacuum-Deposited Organic Photovoltaics Having Heretofore Highest Short-Circuit Current Density. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2403486. [PMID: 39031678 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202403486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
The development of high-performance organic photovoltaic materials is of crucial importance for the commercialization of organic solar cells (OSCs). Herein, two structurally simple donor-π-conjugated linker-acceptor (D-π-A)-configured small-molecule donors with methyl-substituted triphenylamine as D unit, 1,1-dicyanomethylene-3-indanone as A unit, and thiophene or furan as π-conjugated linker, named DTICPT and DTICPF, are developed. DTICPT and DTICPF are facilely prepared via a two-step synthetic process with simple procedures. DTICPF with a furan π-conjugated linker exhibits stronger and broader optical absorption, deeper highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy levels, and better charge transport, compared to its thiophene analog DTICPT. As a result, vacuum-deposited OSCs based on DTICPF: C70 show an impressive power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 9.36% (certified 9.15%) with short-circuit current density (Jsc) up to 17.49 mA cm-2 (certified 17.56 mA cm-2), which is the highest Jsc reported so far for vacuum-deposited OSCs. Besides, devices based on DTICPT: C70 and DTICPF: C70 exhibit excellent long-term stability under different aging conditions. This work offers important insights into the rational design of D-π-A configured small-molecule donors for high efficient and stable vacuum-deposited OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin-Wen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Kun Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Xu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Zuo-Chang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Sang Young Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Zhen-Lin Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Le-Shan Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Yun-Fei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Ke-Yue Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Da-Qin Yun
- College of Energy, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Han Young Woo
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Lin-Long Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Su-Yuan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Lan-Sun Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
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21
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Xu R, Jiang Y, Liu F, Ran G, Liu K, Zhang W, Zhu X. High Open-Circuit Voltage Organic Solar Cells with 19.2% Efficiency Enabled by Synergistic Side-Chain Engineering. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2312101. [PMID: 38544433 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202312101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Restricted by the energy-gap law, state-of-the-art organic solar cells (OSCs) exhibit relatively low open-circuit voltage (VOC) because of large nonradiative energy losses (ΔEnonrad). Moreover, the trade-off between VOC and external quantum efficiency (EQE) of OSCs is more distinctive; the power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of OSCs are still <15% with VOCs of >1.0 V. Herein, the electronic properties and aggregation behaviors of non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) are carefully considered and then a new NFA (Z19) is delicately designed by simultaneously introducing alkoxy and phenyl-substituted alkyl chains to the conjugated backbone. Z19 exhibits a hypochromatic-shifted absorption spectrum, high-lying lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy level and ordered 2D packing mode. The D18:Z19-based blend film exhibits favorable phase separation with face-on dominated molecular orientation, facilitating charge transport properties. Consequently, D18:Z19 binary devices afford an exciting PCE of 19.2% with a high VOC of 1.002 V, surpassing Y6-2O-based devices. The former is the highest PCE reported to date for OSCs with VOCs of >1.0 V. Moreover, the ΔEnonrad of Z19- (0.200 eV) and Y6-2O-based (0.155 eV) devices are lower than that of Y6-based (0.239 eV) devices. Indications are that the design of such NFA, considering the energy-gap law, could promote a new breakthrough in OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renjie Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Jiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Feng Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, P. R. China
| | - Guangliu Ran
- Department of Physics and Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory, Center for Advanced Quantum Studies, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Kerui Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Wenkai Zhang
- Department of Physics and Applied Optics Beijing Area Major Laboratory, Center for Advanced Quantum Studies, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, P. R. China
| | - Xiaozhang Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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22
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Chen X, Li Y, Jing W, Zhou T, Xu X, Duan Y, Yu L, Li R, Peng Q. Layer-by-Layer Organic Solar Cells Enabled by 1,3,4-Selenadiazole-Containing Crystalline Small Molecule with Double-Fibril Network Morphology. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202402831. [PMID: 38532290 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202402831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
A double-fibril network of the photoactive layer morphology is recognized as an ideal structure facilitating exciton diffusion and charge carrier transport for high-performance organic solar cells (OSCs). However, in the layer-by-layer processed OSCs (LbL-OSCs), polymer donors and small molecule acceptors (SMAs) are separately deposited, and it is challenging to realize a fibril network of pure SMAs with the absence of tight interchain entanglement as polymers. In this work, crystalline small molecule donors (SMDs), named TDZ-3TR and SeDZ-3TR, were designed and introduced into the L8-BO acceptor solution, forcing the phase separation and molecular fibrilization. SeDZ-3TR showed higher crystallinity and lower miscibility with L8-BO acceptor than TDZ-3TR, enabling more driving force to favor the phase separation and better molecular fibrilization of L8-BO. On the other hand, two donor polymers of PM6 and D18 with different fibril widths and lengths were put together to optimize the fibril network of the donor layer. The simultaneously optimization of the acceptor and donor layers resulted in a more ideal double-fibril network of the photoactive layer and an impressive power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 19.38 % in LbL-OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyang Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Yinfeng Li
- School of Chemical Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Wenwen Jing
- School of Chemical Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Tao Zhou
- School of Chemical Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Xiaopeng Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Yuwei Duan
- College of Materials and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, P. R. China
| | - Liyang Yu
- School of Chemical Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Ruipeng Li
- National Synchrotron Light Source II Brookhaven National Lab, Suffolk, Upton, NY-11973, USA
| | - Qiang Peng
- School of Chemical Engineering and State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
- College of Materials and Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, P. R. China
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23
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Liu S, Wang J, Wen S, Bi F, Zhu Q, Yang C, Yang C, Chu J, Bao X. Efficient Dual Mechanisms Boost the Efficiency of Ternary Solar Cells with Two Compatible Polymer Donors to Exceed 19. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2312959. [PMID: 38332502 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202312959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Ternary strategyopens a simple avenue to improve the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of organic solar cells (OSCs). The introduction of wide bandgap polymer donors (PDs) as third component canbetter utilize sunlight and improve the mechanical and thermal stability of active layer. However, efficient ternary OSCs (TOSCs) with two PDs are rarely reported due to inferior compatibility and shortage of efficient PDs match with acceptors. Herein, two PDs-(PBB-F and PBB-Cl) are adopted in the dual-PDs ternary systems to explore the underlying mechanisms and improve their photovoltaic performance. The findings demonstrate that the third components exhibit excellent miscibility with PM6 and are embedded in the host donor to form alloy-like phase. A more profound mechanism for enhancing efficiency through dual mechanisms, that are the guest energy transfer to PM6 and charge transport at the donor/acceptor interface, has been proposed. Consequently, the PM6:PBB-Cl:BTP-eC9 TOSCs achieve PCE of over 19%. Furthermore, the TOSCs exhibit better thermal stability than that of binary OSCs due to the reduction in spatial site resistance resulting from a more tightly entangled long-chain structure. This work not only provides an effective approach to fabricate high-performance TOSCs, but also demonstrates the importance of developing dual compatible PD materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizhao Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Junjie Wang
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
- Laboratory of Solar Energy, Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao, 266101, China
- Laboratory of Solar Energy, Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Shuguang Wen
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
- Laboratory of Solar Energy, Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao, 266101, China
- Laboratory of Solar Energy, Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Fuzhen Bi
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
- Laboratory of Solar Energy, Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao, 266101, China
- Laboratory of Solar Energy, Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Qianqian Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Chunpeng Yang
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Chunming Yang
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201204, China
| | - Junhao Chu
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
- Laboratory of Solar Energy, Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao, 266101, China
- Laboratory of Solar Energy, Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Xichang Bao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
- Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
- Laboratory of Solar Energy, Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao, 266101, China
- Laboratory of Solar Energy, Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao, 266101, China
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24
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Wang G, Wang J, Cui Y, Chen Z, Wang W, Yu Y, Zhang T, Ma L, Xiao Y, Qiao J, Xu Y, Hao XT, Hou J. Achieving High Fill Factor in Organic Photovoltaic Cells by Tuning Molecular Electrostatic Potential Fluctuation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202401066. [PMID: 38450828 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202401066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
In the field of organic photovoltaics (OPVs), significant progress has been made in tailoring molecular structures to enhance the open-circuit voltage and the short-circuit current density. However, there remains a crucial gap in the development of coordinated material design strategies focused on improving the fill factor (FF). Here, we introduce a molecular design strategy that incorporates electrostatic potential fluctuation to design organic photovoltaic materials. By reducing the fluctuation amplitude of IT-4F, we synthesized a new acceptor named ITOC6-4F. When using PBQx-TF as a donor, the ITOC6-4F-based cell shows a markedly low recombination rate constant of 0.66×10-14 cm3 s-1 and demonstrates an outstanding FF of 0.816, both of which are new records for binary OPV cells. Also, we find that a small fluctuation amplitude could decrease the energetic disorder of OPV cells, reducing energy loss. Finally, the ITOC6-4F-based cell creates the highest efficiency of 16.0 % among medium-gap OPV cells. Our work holds a vital implication for guiding the design of high-performance OPV materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanlin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jingwen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yong Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Zhihao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Wenxuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yue Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lijiao Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yang Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jiawei Qiao
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Ye Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- State Key Laboratory of Photovoltaic Science and Technology, Trina Solar, Changzhou, 213000, China
| | - Xiao-Tao Hao
- School of Physics, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Jianhui Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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25
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Hu H, Liu S, Xu J, Ma R, Peng Z, Peña TAD, Cui Y, Liang W, Zhou X, Luo S, Yu H, Li M, Wu J, Chen S, Li G, Chen Y. Over 19 % Efficiency Organic Solar Cells Enabled by Manipulating the Intermolecular Interactions through Side Chain Fluorine Functionalization. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202400086. [PMID: 38329002 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202400086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Fluorine side chain functionalization of non-fullerene acceptors (NFAs) represents an effective strategy for enhancing the performance of organic solar cells (OSCs). However, a knowledge gap persists regarding the relationship between structural changes induced by fluorine functionalization and the resultant impact on device performance. In this work, varying amounts of fluorine atoms were introduced into the outer side chains of Y-series NFAs to construct two acceptors named BTP-F0 and BTP-F5. Theoretical and experimental investigations reveal that side-chain fluorination significantly increase the overall average electrostatic potential (ESP) and charge balance factor, thereby effectively improving the ESP-induced intermolecular electrostatic interaction, and thus precisely tuning the molecular packing and bulk-heterojunction morphology. Therefore, the BTP-F5-based OSC exhibited enhanced crystallinity, domain purity, reduced domain spacing, and optimized phase distribution in the vertical direction. This facilitates exciton diffusion, suppresses charge recombination, and improves charge extraction. Consequently, the promising power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 17.3 % and 19.2 % were achieved in BTP-F5-based binary and ternary devices, respectively, surpassing the PCE of 16.1 % for BTP-F0-based OSCs. This work establishes a structure-performance relationship and demonstrates that fluorine functionalization of the outer side chains of Y-series NFAs is a compelling strategy for achieving ideal phase separation for highly efficient OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huawei Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
- Key Lab of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education/National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang, 330022, P. R. China
| | - Shuai Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Jiaoyu Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Ruijie Ma
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Research Institute for Smart Energy (RISE), Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao (GHM) Joint Laboratory for Photonic-Thermal-Electrical Energy Materials and Devices, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Zhengxing Peng
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Top Archie Dela Peña
- Function Hub, Advanced Materials Thrust, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Nansha, 511400, Guangzhou, P. R. China
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Faculty of Science, Department of Applied Physics, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 000000, P. R. China
| | - Yongjie Cui
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Wenting Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoli Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
| | - Siwei Luo
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Han Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Mingjie Li
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Faculty of Science, Department of Applied Physics, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 000000, P. R. China
| | - Jiaying Wu
- Function Hub, Advanced Materials Thrust, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Nansha, 511400, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Shangshang Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Research Institute for Smart Energy (RISE), Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao (GHM) Joint Laboratory for Photonic-Thermal-Electrical Energy Materials and Devices, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Yiwang Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, 201620, P. R. China
- Key Lab of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education/National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang, 330022, P. R. China
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26
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Ma R, Li H, Dela Peña TA, Xie X, Fong PWK, Wei Q, Yan C, Wu J, Cheng P, Li M, Li G. Tunable Donor Aggregation Dominance in a Ternary Matrix of All-Polymer Blends with Improved Efficiency and Stability. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2304632. [PMID: 37418757 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202304632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Using two structurally similar polymer acceptors in constructing high-efficiency ternary all-polymer solar cells is a widely acknowledged strategy; however, the focus thus far has not been on how polymer acceptor(s) would tune the aggregation of polymer donors, and furthermore film morphology and device performance (efficiency and stability). Herein, it is reported that matching of the celebrity acceptor PY-IT and the donor PBQx-TCl results in enhanced H-aggregation in PBQx-TCl, which can be finely tuned by controlling the amount of the second acceptor PY-IV. Consequently, the efficiency-optimized PY-IV weight ratio (0.2/1.2) leads to a state-of-the-art power conversion efficiency of 18.81%, wherein light-illuminated operational stability is also enhanced along with well-protected thermal stability. Such enhancements in the efficiency and operational and thermal stabilities of solar cells can be attributed to morphology optimization and the desired glass transition temperature of the target active layer based on comprehensive characterization. In addition to being a high-power conversion efficiency case for all-polymer solar cells, these enhancements are also a successful attempt for using combined acceptors to tune donor aggregation toward optimal morphology, which provides a theoretical basis for the construction of other types of organic photovoltaics beyond all-polymer solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijie Ma
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Research Institute for Smart Energy (RISE), Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao (GHM) Joint Laboratory for Photonic-Thermal-Electrical Energy Materials and Devices, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, China
| | - Hongxiang Li
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Top Archie Dela Peña
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, 999077, China
- Advanced Materials Thrust, Function Hub, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Nansha, Guangzhou, 511400, China
| | - Xiyun Xie
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Research Institute for Smart Energy (RISE), Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao (GHM) Joint Laboratory for Photonic-Thermal-Electrical Energy Materials and Devices, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, China
| | - Patrick Wai-Keung Fong
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Research Institute for Smart Energy (RISE), Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao (GHM) Joint Laboratory for Photonic-Thermal-Electrical Energy Materials and Devices, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, China
| | - Qi Wei
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Cenqi Yan
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Jiaying Wu
- Advanced Materials Thrust, Function Hub, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Nansha, Guangzhou, 511400, China
| | - Pei Cheng
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Mingjie Li
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Research Institute for Smart Energy (RISE), Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao (GHM) Joint Laboratory for Photonic-Thermal-Electrical Energy Materials and Devices, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, Kowloon, 999077, China
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, China
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27
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Kan Y, Sun Y, Ren Y, Xu Y, Jiang X, Shen H, Geng L, Li J, Cai P, Xu H, Gao K, Li Y. Amino-Functionalized Graphdiyne Derivative as a Cathode Interface Layer with High Thickness Tolerance for Highly Efficient Organic Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2312635. [PMID: 38229541 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202312635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Efficient cathode interfacial materials (CIMs) are essential components for effectively enhancing the performance of organic solar cells (OSCs). Although high-performance CIMs are desired to meet the requirements of various OSCs, potential candidates for CIMs are scarce. Herein, an amino-functionalized graphdiyne derivative (GDY-N) is developed, which represents the first example of GDY that exhibits favorable solubility in alcohol. Utilizing GDY-N as the CIM, an outstanding champion PCE of 19.30% for devices based on the D18-Cl:L8-BO (certified result: 19.05%) is achieved, which is among the highest efficiencies reported to date in OSCs. Remarkably, the devices based on GDY-N exhibit a thickness-insensitive characteristic, maintaining 95% of their initial efficiency even with a film thickness of 25 nm. Moreover, the GDY-N displays wide universality and facilitates exceptional stability in OSCs. This work not only enriches the diversity of GDY derivatives, but also demonstrates the feasibility of GDY derivatives as CIMs with high thickness tolerance in OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Kan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Science of Material Creation and Energy Conversion, Science Center for Material Creation and Energy Conversion, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, P. R. China
| | - Yanna Sun
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Science of Material Creation and Energy Conversion, Science Center for Material Creation and Energy Conversion, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, P. R. China
| | - Yi Ren
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Science of Material Creation and Energy Conversion, Science Center for Material Creation and Energy Conversion, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, 730070, P. R. China
| | - Yixuan Xu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Science of Material Creation and Energy Conversion, Science Center for Material Creation and Energy Conversion, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Information Materials, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, 541004, P. R. China
| | - Xinyue Jiang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Science of Material Creation and Energy Conversion, Science Center for Material Creation and Energy Conversion, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, P. R. China
| | - Haojiang Shen
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Science of Material Creation and Energy Conversion, Science Center for Material Creation and Energy Conversion, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, 730070, P. R. China
| | - Longlong Geng
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Monocrystalline Silicon Semiconductor Materials and Technology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Dezhou University, Dezhou, 253023, P. R. China
| | - Jianfeng Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, 730070, P. R. China
| | - Ping Cai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering & Guangxi Key Laboratory of Information Materials, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, 541004, P. R. China
| | - Huajun Xu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Science of Material Creation and Energy Conversion, Science Center for Material Creation and Energy Conversion, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, P. R. China
| | - Ke Gao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Science of Material Creation and Energy Conversion, Science Center for Material Creation and Energy Conversion, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, P. R. China
| | - Yuliang Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory for Science of Material Creation and Energy Conversion, Science Center for Material Creation and Energy Conversion, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, P. R. China
- Institute of Chemistry, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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28
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Jin J, Wang Q, Shen W, Belfiore LA, Tang J. High-Efficiency Ternary Polymer Solar Cells with a Gradient-Blended Structure Fabricated by Sequential Deposition. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024. [PMID: 38501443 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c00411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Acquiring the ideal blend morphology of the active layer to optimize charge separation and collection is a constant goal of polymer solar cells (PSCs). In this paper, the ternary strategy and the sequential deposition process were combined to make sufficient use of the solar spectrum, optimize the energy-level structure, regulate the vertical phase separation morphology, and ultimately enhance the power conversion efficiency (PCE) and stability of the PSCs. Specifically, the donor and acceptor illustrated a gradient-blended distribution in the sequential deposition-processed films, thus resulting in facilitated carrier characteristics in the gradient-blended devices. Consequently, the PSCs based on D18-Cl/Y6:ZY-4Cl have achieved a device efficiency of over 18% with the synergetic improvement of open-circuit voltage (VOC), short-circuit current density (JSC), and fill factor (FF). Therefore, this work reveals a facile approach to fabricating PSCs with improved performance and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianghao Jin
- Institute of Hybrid Materials, National Center of International Joint Research for Hybrid Materials Technology, National Base of International Science & Technology Cooperation on Hybrid Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Qiao Wang
- Institute of Hybrid Materials, National Center of International Joint Research for Hybrid Materials Technology, National Base of International Science & Technology Cooperation on Hybrid Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Wenfei Shen
- Institute of Hybrid Materials, National Center of International Joint Research for Hybrid Materials Technology, National Base of International Science & Technology Cooperation on Hybrid Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Laurence A Belfiore
- Institute of Hybrid Materials, National Center of International Joint Research for Hybrid Materials Technology, National Base of International Science & Technology Cooperation on Hybrid Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jianguo Tang
- Institute of Hybrid Materials, National Center of International Joint Research for Hybrid Materials Technology, National Base of International Science & Technology Cooperation on Hybrid Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, 308 Ningxia Road, Qingdao 266071, China
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29
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Yu R, Li S, Yuan H, Yang Z, Jin S, Tan Z. Research Advances of Nonfused Ring Acceptors for Organic Solar Cells. J Phys Chem Lett 2024:2781-2803. [PMID: 38441058 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c00153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
The last few decades have witnessed the rapid development of organic solar cells (OSCs). High power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of over 19% have been successfully achieved due to the emergence of fused-ring acceptors (FRAs). However, the high complexity and low yield for the material synthesis result in high production costs of FRAs, limiting the further commercial application of OSCs. In contrast, nonfused ring acceptors (NFRAs) with the merits of facile synthesis, high yield, and preferable stability can promote the development of low-cost OSCs. Currently, the PCEs of NFRAs-based OSCs have exceeded 17%, which is expected to reach efficiency comparable to that of the FRAs-based OSCs. This review describes the advantages of the recent advances in NFRAs, which emphasizes exploring how the chemical structures of NFRAs influence molecular conformation, aggregation, and packing modes. In addition, the further development of NFRA materials is prospected from molecular design, morphological control, and stability perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runnan Yu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Shuang Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Haoyu Yuan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zongzhi Yang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Shengli Jin
- Zhejiang Baima Lake Laboratory Co. Ltd., Hangzhou 310051, China
| | - Zhan'ao Tan
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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30
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Cai Z, Hu R, Xiao Z, Feng J, Zou X, Wen G, Dong G, Zhang W. Charge photogeneration dynamics in non-fullerene polymer solar cells with fluorinated and non-fluorinated acceptors. J Chem Phys 2024; 160:074702. [PMID: 38364001 DOI: 10.1063/5.0177876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
In this work, charge photogeneration and recombination processes of PM6:IDIC-4F and PM6:IDIC blend films were investigated by the steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopies, as well as the time-dependent density functional theory calculations. The peaks in absorption and photoluminescence (PL) spectra of IDIC and IDIC-4F solutions were assigned by combining the experiment and the simulation of UV-vis absorption and PL spectra. For neat acceptor films, the exciton diffusion length of neat IDIC and IDIC-4F films was estimated as ∼28.9 and ∼19.9 nm, respectively. For PM6-based blend films, we find that the fluorine substitution engineering on the IDIC acceptor material can increase the phase separate size of acceptor material in blend films, resulting in the reduction of dissociation efficiencies of acceptor excitons. In addition, we find that the charge recombination in PM6:IDIC-4F is dominated by bimolecular recombination, in comparison to geminate type carrier recombination in PM6:IDIC blend films. In addition, we find that thermal annealing treatment has a weak influence on carrier recombination but slightly reduces the exciton dissociation efficiency of acceptor in PM6:IDIC blend films, leading to a slightly reduced power conversion efficiency of PM6:IDIC solar cells. These results may shed light on the design of high-performance semiconductor molecules for application in solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zekai Cai
- School of Physics and Materials Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Rong Hu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Chongqing 402160, China
| | - Zijie Xiao
- School of Physics and Materials Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Junyi Feng
- School of Physics and Materials Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xianshao Zou
- Qingdao Innovation and Development Base, Harbin Engineering University, Qingdao CN-266 000, China
- Division of Chemical Physics, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Guanzhao Wen
- Research Center for Advanced Information Materials (CAIM), Huangpu Research and Graduate School of Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Geng Dong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Physics and Materials Science, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Research Center for Advanced Information Materials (CAIM), Huangpu Research and Graduate School of Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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31
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Wang Z, Guo Y, Liu X, Shu W, Han G, Ding K, Mukherjee S, Zhang N, Yip HL, Yi Y, Ade H, Chow PCY. The role of interfacial donor-acceptor percolation in efficient and stable all-polymer solar cells. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1212. [PMID: 38331998 PMCID: PMC10853271 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45455-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Polymerization of Y6-type acceptor molecules leads to bulk-heterojunction organic solar cells with both high power-conversion efficiency and device stability, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here we show that the exciton recombination dynamics of polymerized Y6-type acceptors (Y6-PAs) strongly depends on the degree of aggregation. While the fast exciton recombination rate in aggregated Y6-PA competes with electron-hole separation at the donor-acceptor (D-A) interface, the much-suppressed exciton recombination rate in dispersed Y6-PA is sufficient to allow efficient free charge generation. Indeed, our experimental results and theoretical simulations reveal that Y6-PAs have larger miscibility with the donor polymer than Y6-type small molecular acceptors, leading to D-A percolation that effectively prevents the formation of Y6-PA aggregates at the interface. Besides enabling high charge generation efficiency, the interfacial D-A percolation also improves the thermodynamic stability of the blend morphology, as evident by the reduced device "burn-in" loss upon solar illumination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yu Guo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xianzhao Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wenchao Shu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haidian, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Guangchao Han
- CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haidian, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Kan Ding
- Department of Physics and Organic and Carbon Electronics Laboratories (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Subhrangsu Mukherjee
- Department of Physics and Organic and Carbon Electronics Laboratories (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hin-Lap Yip
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yuanping Yi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haidian, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Harald Ade
- Department of Physics and Organic and Carbon Electronics Laboratories (ORaCEL), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Philip C Y Chow
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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32
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Liu C, Fu Y, Zhou J, Wang L, Guo C, Cheng J, Sun W, Chen C, Zhou J, Liu D, Li W, Wang T. Alkoxythiophene-Directed Fibrillization of Polymer Donor for Efficient Organic Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2308608. [PMID: 37996989 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202308608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Realizing fibrillar molecular framework is highly encouraged in organic solar cells (OSCs) due to the merit of efficient charge carrier transport. This is however mainly achieved via the chemical structural design of photovoltaic semiconductors. In this work, through the utilization of three alkoxythiophene additives, T-2OMe, T-OEH, and T-2OEH, the intermolecular interactions among a series of BDT-type polymer donors, i.e., PM6, D18, PBDB-T, and PTB7-Th, are tuned to self-assemble into nanofibrils during solution casting. X-ray technique and molecular dynamics simulation reveal that the alkoxythiophene with (2-ethylhexyl)oxy (─OEH) chains can attach on the 2-ethylhexyl (EH) chains of these polymer donors and promote their self-assembly into 1D nanofibrils, in their neat films as well as photovoltaic blends with L8-BO. By adapting these fibrillar polymer donors to construct pseudo-bulk heterojunction (P-BHJ) OSCs via layer-by-layer deposition, generally improved device performance is seen, with power conversion efficiencies enhanced from 18.2% to 19.2% (certified 18.96%) and from 17.9% to 18.7% for the PM6/L8-BO and D18/L8-BO devices, respectively. This work provides a physical approach to promote the fibrillar charge transport channels for efficient photovoltaics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenhao Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yiwei Fu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jinpeng Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Liang Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chuanhang Guo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jingchao Cheng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Wei Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chen Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Dan Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Tao Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
- School of Materials and Microelectronics, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
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33
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Li Q, Wu J, Guo Q, Qin L, Xue L, Geng Y, Li X, Zhang ZG, Yan Q, Zhou E. Effect of Number and Position of Chlorine Atoms on the Photovoltaic Performance of Asymmetric Nonfullerene Acceptors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:3755-3763. [PMID: 38190611 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c15518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
It has been well proved that the introduction of halogen can effectively modify the optoelectronic properties of classic symmetric nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs). However, the relevant studies for asymmetric NFAs are limited, especially the effect of halogen substitution number and position on the photovoltaic performance is not clear. In this work, four asymmetric NFAs with A-D-A1-A2 structure are developed by tuning the number and position of chlorine atoms on the 1,1-dicyanomethylene-3-indanone end groups, namely, A303, A304, A305, and A306. The related NFAs show progressively deeper energy levels and red-shifted absorption spectra as the degree of chlorination increases. The PM6:A306-constructed organic solar cells (OSCs) give a champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 13.03%. This is mainly ascribed to the most efficient exciton dissociation and collection, suppressed charge recombination, and optimal morphology. Moreover, by alternating the substitution position, the PM6:A305-based device yielded a higher PCE of 12.53% than that of PM6:A304 (12.05%). This work offers fresh insights into establishing excellent asymmetric NFAs for OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingbin Li
- Institute of Nuclear Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan, Henan 467000, China
| | - Jiang Wu
- Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Qing Guo
- Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Linjiao Qin
- Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Lingwei Xue
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Pingdingshan University, Pingdingshan, Henan 467000, China
| | - Yanfang Geng
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xiangyu Li
- Henan Institute of Advanced Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, China
| | - Zhi-Guo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Qingzhi Yan
- Institute of Nuclear Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Erjun Zhou
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
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34
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Du B, Ma M, Zhang P, Wu S, Bin H, Li Y. High-Performance All-Small-Molecule Organic Solar Cells Fabricated via Halogen-Free Preparation Process. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:2564-2572. [PMID: 38165814 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c14992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Small-molecule organic photovoltaic materials attract more attention attributing to their precisely defined structure, ease of synthesis, and reduced batch-to-batch variations. The majority of all-small-molecule organic solar cells (ASM-OSCs) have traditionally relied on halogenated solvents for dissolving photovoltaic materials as well as used for the additives or solvent vapor annealing. However, these halogen-based processes pose risks to the environment and human health, potentially impeding future commercial production. Herein, we conducted an investigation into the impact of various nonhalogen solvents on the performance of the devices. By selecting the high boiling point solvent toluene, we achieved a desirable phase separation and stable morphology characterized by fibrous crystals within the blend film. Consequently, the power conversion efficiencies of 14.4 and 11.7% were obtained from H31:Y6-based small-area (0.04 cm2) and large-area (1 cm2) devices with steady performance, respectively. This study successfully demonstrated the fabrication of ASM-OSCs without employing halogenated solvent processes, thus offering promising prospects for the commercial production of ASM-OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Du
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Semiconductor Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Mengyuan Ma
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Semiconductor Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Panpan Zhang
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Semiconductor Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Shangrong Wu
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Semiconductor Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Haijun Bin
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Semiconductor Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Yongfang Li
- Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Materials, Suzhou Key Laboratory of Novel Semiconductor Materials and Devices, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, P. R. China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Negative Carbon Technologies, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, P. R. China
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35
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Yang C, Jiang M, Wang S, Zhang B, Mao P, Woo HY, Zhang F, Wang JL, An Q. Hot-Casting Strategy Empowers High-Boiling Solvent-Processed Organic Solar Cells with Over 18.5% Efficiency. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2305356. [PMID: 37555531 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202305356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Most top-rank organic solar cells (OSCs) are manufactured by the halogenated solvent chloroform, which possesses a narrow processing window due to its low-boiling point. Herein, based on two high-boiling solvents, halogenated solvent chlorobenzene (CB) and non-halogenated green solvent ortho-xylene (OX), preparing active layers with the hot solution is put forward to enhance the performance of the OSCs. In situ test and morphological characterization clarify that the hot-casting strategy assists in the fast and synchronous molecular assembly of both donor and acceptor in the active layer, contributing to preferable donor/acceptor ratio, vertical phase separation, and molecular stacking, which is beneficial to charge generation and extraction. Based on the PM6:BO-4Cl, the hot-casting OSCs with a wide processing window achieve efficiencies of 18.03% in CB and 18.12% in OX, which are much higher than the devices processed with room temperature solution. Moreover, the hot-casting devices with PM6:BTP-eC9 deliver a remarkable fill factor of 80.31% and efficiency of 18.52% in OX, representing the record value among binary devices with green solvent. This work demonstrates a facile strategy to manipulate the molecular distribution and arrangement for boosting the efficiency of OSCs with high-boiling solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chucheng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectric/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Mengyun Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectric/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectric/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
- Analysis & Testing Center, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 10081, China
| | - Bao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectric/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Peng Mao
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectric/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Han Young Woo
- Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul, 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Fujun Zhang
- School of Science, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, 100044, China
| | - Jin-Liang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectric/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Qiaoshi An
- Key Laboratory of Cluster Science of Ministry of Education, Beijing Key Laboratory of Photoelectric/Electrophotonic Conversion Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
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36
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Fan Q, Xiao Q, Zhang H, Heng J, Xie M, Wei Z, Jia X, Liu X, Kang Z, Li CZ, Li S, Zhang T, Zhou Y, Huang J, Li Z. Highly Efficient and Stable ITO-Free Organic Solar Cells Based on Squaraine N-Doped Quaternary Bulk Heterojunction. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2307920. [PMID: 37823840 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202307920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Simultaneously achieving high efficiency and robust device stability remains a significant challenge for organic solar cells (OSCs). Solving this challenge is highly dependent on the film morphology of the bulk heterojunction (BHJ) photoactive blends; however, there is a lack of rational control strategy. Herein, it is shown that the molecular crystallinity and nanomorphology of nonfullerene-based BHJ can be effectively controlled by a squaraine-based doping strategy, leading to an increase in device efficiency from 17.26% to 18.5% when doping 2 wt% squaraine into the PBDB-TF:BTP-eC9:PC71 BM ternary BHJ. The efficiency is further improved to 19.11% (certified 19.06%) using an indium-tin-oxide-free column-patterned microcavity (CPM) architecture. Combined with interfacial modification, CPM quaternary OSC excitingly shows an extrapolated lifetime of ≈23 years based on accelerated aging test, with the mechanism behind enhanced stability well studied. Furthermore, a flexible OSC module with a high and stable efficiency of 15.2% and an overall area of 5 cm2 is successfully fabricated, exhibiting a high average output power for wearable electronics. This work demonstrates that OSCs with new design of BHJ and device architecture are highly promising to be practical relevance with excellent performance and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingshan Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Qi Xiao
- Key Laboratory for Material Chemistry of Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Hanqing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Jinzi Heng
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Meiling Xie
- Key Laboratory for Material Chemistry of Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Zihao Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Xiaowei Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Zhangli Kang
- National Institute of Measurement and Testing Technology, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610021, China
| | - Chang-Zhi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, P. R. China
| | - Shibin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Ting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
| | - Yu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
- Research Unit for Blindness Prevention of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU026), Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610072, China
| | - Jiang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Electronic Thin Films and Integrated Devices, School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, P. R. China
- Institute of Electronic and Information Engineering of UESTC in Guangdong, Guangdong, 523808, P. R. China
| | - Zhong'an Li
- Key Laboratory for Material Chemistry of Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
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37
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Liu Y, Zhang T, Zhang R, Guan J, Pan J, Yu X, Zhang Q, Han Y. Enhancing the Molecular Order and Vertical Component Distribution of the P3HT/O-IDTBR System during Layer-by-Layer Processing. Macromol Rapid Commun 2023; 44:e2300338. [PMID: 37585284 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202300338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
The molecular order and vertical component distribution are critical to enhance the charge transport in layer-by-layer (LbL) processed active layer. However, the excessive inter-diffusion between donor and acceptor layers during LbL processing irrepressibly reduces their ordered packing. Herein, a novel tactic to optimize the molecular order and vertical morphology of the active layer through suppressing the deep penetration of (5Z,5'Z)-5,5'-((7,7'-(4,4,9,9-tetraoctyl-4,9-dihydro-s-indaceno[1,2-b:5,6 -b']dithiophene-2,7-diyl)bis(benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole-7,4-diyl))bis(methanylylidene)) bis(3-ethyl-2-thioxothiazolidin-4-one) (O-IDTBR) to poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) film during LbL processing is proposed. This is enabled by inducing the formation of P3HT nanofibers through ultraviolet (UV) irradiation and solution aging. During the LbL processing, these nanofibers with high crystallinity reduce the damage of O-IDTBR solution to P3HT film and restrict the penetration of O-IDTBR into P3HT matrix. As a result, the P3HT nanofibers are preserved and the degree of vertical phase separation is enlarged in the LbL-processed film. Meanwhile, the molecular order of both components is enhanced. The resulting morphology that featured as intertwined P3HT nanofibers/O-IDTBR network efficiently promotes charge transport and extraction, boosting the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the devices from 6.70 ± 0.12% to 7.71 ± 0.10%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology (IFM), Linköping University, Linköping, 58183, Sweden
| | - Jian Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Jiaqi Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Xinhong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
| | - Yanchun Han
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
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38
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Qiu D, Zhang H, Tian C, Zhang J, Zhu L, Wei Z, Lu K. Central Core Substitutions and Film-Formation Process Optimization Enable Approaching 19% Efficiency All-Polymer Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2307398. [PMID: 37801215 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202307398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Molecular interactions and film-formation processes greatly impact the blend film morphology and device performances of all-polymer solar cells (all-PSCs). Molecular structure, such as the central cores of polymer acceptors, would significantly influence this process. Herein, the central core substitutions of polymer acceptors are adjusted and three quinoxaline (Qx)-fused-core-based materials, PQx1, PQx2, and PQx3 are synthesized. The molecular aggregation ability and intermolecular interaction are systematically regulated, which subsequently influence the film-formation process and determine the resulting blend film morphology. As a result, PQx3, with favorable aggregation ability and moderate interaction with polymer donor PM6, achieves efficient all-PSCs with a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 17.60%, which could be further improved to 18.06% after carefully optimizing device annealing and interface layer. This impressive PCE is one of the highest values for binary all-PSCs based on the classical polymer donor PM6. PYF-T-o is also involved in promoting light utilization, and the resulting ternary device shows an impressive PCE of 18.82%. In addition, PM6:PQx3-based devices exhibit high film-thickness tolerance, superior stability, and considerable potential for large-scale devices (16.23% in 1 cm2 device). These results highlight the importance of structure optimization of polymer acceptors and film-formation process control for obtaining efficient and stable all-PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingding Qiu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Sino-Danish College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chenyang Tian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jianqi Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Lingyun Zhu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Zhixiang Wei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Kun Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Nanoscience and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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39
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Zou B, Wu W, Dela Peña TA, Ma R, Luo Y, Hai Y, Xie X, Li M, Luo Z, Wu J, Yang C, Li G, Yan H. Step-by-Step Modulation of Crystalline Features and Exciton Kinetics for 19.2% Efficiency Ortho-Xylene Processed Organic Solar Cells. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2023; 16:30. [PMID: 37995001 PMCID: PMC10667184 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-023-01241-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
With plenty of popular and effective ternary organic solar cells (OSCs) construction strategies proposed and applied, its power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) have come to a new level of over 19% in single-junction devices. However, previous studies are heavily based in chloroform (CF) leaving behind substantial knowledge deficiencies in understanding the influence of solvent choice when introducing a third component. Herein, we present a case where a newly designed asymmetric small molecular acceptor using fluoro-methoxylated end-group modification strategy, named BTP-BO-3FO with enlarged bandgap, brings different morphological evolution and performance improvement effect on host system PM6:BTP-eC9, processed by CF and ortho-xylene (o-XY). With detailed analyses supported by a series of experiments, the best PCE of 19.24% for green solvent-processed OSCs is found to be a fruit of finely tuned crystalline ordering and general aggregation motif, which furthermore nourishes a favorable charge generation and recombination behavior. Likewise, over 19% PCE can be achieved by replacing spin-coating with blade coating for active layer deposition. This work focuses on understanding the commonly met yet frequently ignored issues when building ternary blends to demonstrate cutting-edge device performance, hence, will be instructive to other ternary OSC works in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bosen Zou
- Department of Chemistry Department of Chemistry and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiwei Wu
- Department of Chemistry Department of Chemistry and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Top Archie Dela Peña
- Department of Chemistry Department of Chemistry and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
- The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Function Hub, Advanced Materials Thrust, NanshaGuangzhou, 511400, People's Republic of China
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruijie Ma
- Department of Electronic and Information Engineering, Research Institute for Smart Energy (RISE), Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao (GHM) Joint Laboratory for Photonic-Thermal-Electrical Energy Materials and Devices, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yongmin Luo
- The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Function Hub, Advanced Materials Thrust, NanshaGuangzhou, 511400, People's Republic of China
| | - Yulong Hai
- The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Function Hub, Advanced Materials Thrust, NanshaGuangzhou, 511400, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiyun Xie
- Department of Electronic and Information Engineering, Research Institute for Smart Energy (RISE), Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao (GHM) Joint Laboratory for Photonic-Thermal-Electrical Energy Materials and Devices, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingjie Li
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenghui Luo
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jiaying Wu
- The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Function Hub, Advanced Materials Thrust, NanshaGuangzhou, 511400, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chuluo Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of New Information Display and Storage Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Chemistry Department of Chemistry and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - He Yan
- Department of Chemistry Department of Chemistry and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.
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40
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Bai H, Ma R, Su W, Peña TAD, Li T, Tang L, Yang J, Hu B, Wang Y, Bi Z, Su Y, Wei Q, Wu Q, Duan Y, Li Y, Wu J, Ding Z, Liao X, Huang Y, Gao C, Lu G, Li M, Zhu W, Li G, Fan Q, Ma W. Green-Solvent Processed Blade-Coating Organic Solar Cells with an Efficiency Approaching 19% Enabled by Alkyl-Tailored Acceptors. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2023; 15:241. [PMID: 37917278 PMCID: PMC10622389 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-023-01208-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Power-conversion-efficiencies (PCEs) of organic solar cells (OSCs) in laboratory, normally processed by spin-coating technology with toxic halogenated solvents, have reached over 19%. However, there is usually a marked PCE drop when the blade-coating and/or green-solvents toward large-scale printing are used instead, which hampers the practical development of OSCs. Here, a new series of N-alkyl-tailored small molecule acceptors named YR-SeNF with a same molecular main backbone are developed by combining selenium-fused central-core and naphthalene-fused end-group. Thanks to the N-alkyl engineering, NIR-absorbing YR-SeNF series show different crystallinity, packing patterns, and miscibility with polymeric donor. The studies exhibit that the molecular packing, crystallinity, and vertical distribution of active layer morphologies are well optimized by introducing newly designed guest acceptor associated with tailored N-alkyl chains, providing the improved charge transfer dynamics and stability for the PM6:L8-BO:YR-SeNF-based OSCs. As a result, a record-high PCE approaching 19% is achieved in the blade-coating OSCs fabricated from a green-solvent o-xylene with high-boiling point. Notably, ternary OSCs offer robust operating stability under maximum-power-point tracking and well-keep > 80% of the initial PCEs for even over 400 h. Our alkyl-tailored guest acceptor strategy provides a unique approach to develop green-solvent and blade-coating processed high-efficiency and operating stable OSCs, which paves a way for industrial development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hairui Bai
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruijie Ma
- Department of Electronic and Information Engineering, Research Institute for Smart Energy (RISE), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wenyan Su
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710054, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, People's Republic of China.
| | - Top Archie Dela Peña
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
- Advanced Materials Thrust, Function Hub, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Nansha, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Tengfei Li
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingxiao Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Hu
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, People's Republic of China
| | - Yilin Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaozhao Bi
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yueling Su
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Wei
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuwei Duan
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxiang Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710054, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaying Wu
- Advanced Materials Thrust, Function Hub, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Nansha, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Zicheng Ding
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Advanced Energy Devices, Shaanxi Engineering Lab for Advanced Energy Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, 710119, People's Republic of China
| | - Xunfan Liao
- Key Lab of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education/National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang, 330022, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinjuan Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Gao
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Liquid Crystal and Organic Photovoltaic Materials, State Key Laboratory of Fluorine & Nitrogen Chemicals, Xi'an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi'an, 710065, People's Republic of China
| | - Guanghao Lu
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710054, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingjie Li
- Department of Applied Physics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiguo Zhu
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Light-Electricity-Heat Energy-Converting Materials and Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Electronic and Information Engineering, Research Institute for Smart Energy (RISE), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qunping Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, People's Republic of China.
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center of Light-Electricity-Heat Energy-Converting Materials and Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou, 213164, People's Republic of China.
- Key Lab of Fluorine and Silicon for Energy Materials and Chemistry of Ministry of Education/National Engineering Research Center for Carbohydrate Synthesis, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang, 330022, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, People's Republic of China.
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41
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Maqsood MH, Khera RA, Mehmood RF, Akram SJ, Al-Zaqri N, Ibrahim MAA, Noor S, Waqas M. End-cap modeling on the thienyl-substituted benzodithiophene trimer-based donor molecule for achieving higher photovoltaic performance. J Mol Graph Model 2023; 124:108550. [PMID: 37331259 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2023.108550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Despite the substantial advancements in organic solar cells (OSCs), the best devices still have quite low efficiencies due to less focus on donor molecules. With the intention to present efficient donor materials, seven small donor molecules (T1-T7) were devised from DRTB-T molecule by using end-capped modeling. Newly designed molecules exhibited remarkable improved optoelectronic properties such as less band gap (from 2.00 to 2.23 eV) than DRTB-T having band gap of 2.57 eV. Similarly, a significant improvement in λmax values was noticed in designed molecules in gaseous medium (666 nm-738 nm) and solvent medium (691 nm-776 nm) than DRTB-T having λmax values at 568 nm and 588 nm in gas and solvent phase respectively. Among all molecules, T1 and T3 exhibited significant improvement in optoelectronic properties such as narrow band gap, lower excitation energy, higher λmax values and lower electron reorganization energy as compared to pre-existed DRTB-T molecule. The better functional ability of T1-T7 is also suggested by an improvement in open circuit voltage (Voc) of designed structures (1.62 eV-1.77 eV) as compared to R (1.49 eV) when PC61BM is used as an acceptor. So, all our newly derived donors can be employed in the active layer of organic solar cells to manufacture efficient OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rasheed Ahmad Khera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Rana Farhat Mehmood
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Township, Lahore, 54770, Pakistan
| | - Sahar Javaid Akram
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Nabil Al-Zaqri
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mahmoud A A Ibrahim
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia, 61519, Egypt; School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, Durban, 4000, South Africa
| | - Sadia Noor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hohenheim Stuttgart, 70599, Germany
| | - Muhammad Waqas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
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42
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Gan Z, Wang L, Cai J, Guo C, Chen C, Li D, Fu Y, Zhou B, Sun Y, Liu C, Zhou J, Liu D, Li W, Wang T. Electrostatic force promoted intermolecular stacking of polymer donors toward 19.4% efficiency binary organic solar cells. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6297. [PMID: 37813902 PMCID: PMC10562425 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42071-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Conjugated polymers are generally featured with low structural order due to their aromatic and irregular structural units, which limits their light absorption and charge mobility in organic solar cells. In this work, we report a conjugated molecule INMB-F that can act as a molecular bridge via electrostatic force to enhance the intermolecular stacking of BDT-based polymer donors toward efficient and stable organic solar cells. Molecular dynamics simulations and synchrotron X-ray measurements reveal that the electronegative INMB-F adsorb on the electropositive main chain of polymer donors to increase the donor-donor interactions, leading to enhanced structural order with shortened π-π stacking distance and consequently enhanced charge transport ability. Casting the non-fullerene acceptor layer on top of the INMB-F modified donor layer to fabricate solar cells via layer-by-layer deposition evidences significant power conversion efficiency boosts in a range of photovoltaic systems. A power conversion efficiency of 19.4% (certified 18.96%) is realized in PM6/L8-BO binary devices, which is one of the highest reported efficiencies of this material system. The enhanced structural order of polymer donors by INMB-F also leads to a six-fold enhancement of the operational stability of PM6/L8-BO organic solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zirui Gan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liang Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinlong Cai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chuanhang Guo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chen Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Donghui Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yiwei Fu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bojun Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuandong Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chenhao Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dan Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China.
- School of Materials and Microelectronics, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China.
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43
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Guo C, Fu Y, Li D, Wang L, Zhou B, Chen C, Zhou J, Sun Y, Gan Z, Liu D, Li W, Wang T. A Polycrystalline Polymer Donor as Pre-Aggregate toward Ordered Molecular Aggregation for 19.3% Efficiency Binary Organic Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2304921. [PMID: 37468168 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202304921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Organic semiconductors are generally featured with low structure order in solid-state films, which leads to low charge-transport mobility and strong charge recombination in their photovoltaic devices. In this work, a "polycrystal-induced aggregation" strategy orders the polymer donor (PM6) and non-fullerene acceptor (L8-BO) molecules during solution casting with the assistance of PM6 polycrystals that are incubated through a vapor diffusion method, toward improved solar cell efficiency with either thin or thick photoactive layers. These PM6 polycrystals are redissolved in chloroform to prepare PM6 pre-aggregates (PM6-PA), and further incorporated into the conventional PM6:L8-BO blend solutions, which is found to prolong the molecular organization process and enhance the aggregation of both the PM6 and the L8-BO components. As the results, with the assistance of 10% PM6-PA, PM6:L8-BO solar cell devices obtain power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) from 18.0% and 16.2% to 19.3% and 17.2% with a 100 nm-thick and 300 nm-thick photoactive layer, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanhang Guo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yiwei Fu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Donghui Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Liang Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Bojun Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chen Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yuandong Sun
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zirui Gan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Dan Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Wei Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Tao Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
- School of Materials and Microelectronics, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
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44
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Khan MR, Jarząbek B. Optimization and Efficiency Enhancement of Modified Polymer Solar Cells. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3674. [PMID: 37765529 PMCID: PMC10536275 DOI: 10.3390/polym15183674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, an organic bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cell with a spiro OMeTAD as a hole transport layer (HTL) and a PDINO as an electron transport layer (ETL) was simulated through the one-dimensional solar capacitance simulator (SCAPS-1D) software to examine the performance of this type of organic polymer thin-film solar cell. As an active layer, a blend of polymer donor PBDB-T and non-fullerene acceptor ITIC-OE was used. Numerical simulation was performed by varying the thickness of the HTL and the active layer. Firstly, the HTL layer thickness was optimized to 50 nm; after that, the active-layer thickness was varied up to 80 nm. The results of these simulations demonstrated that the HTL thickness has rather little impact on efficiency while the active-layer thickness improves efficiency significantly. The temperature effect on the performance of the solar cells was considered by simulations performed for temperatures from 300 to 400 K; the efficiency of the solar cell decreased with increasing temperature. Generally, polymer films are usually full of traps and defects; the density of the defect (Nt) value was also introduced to the simulation, and it was confirmed that with the increase in defect density (Nt), the efficiency of the solar cell decreases. After thickness, temperature and defect density optimization, a reflective coating was also applied to the cell. It turned out that by introducing the reflective coating to the back side of the solar cell, the efficiency increased by 2.5%. Additionally, the positive effects of HTL and ETL doping on the efficiency of this type of solar cells were demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Raheel Khan
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sklodowska-Curie 34 Str., 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Bożena Jarząbek
- Centre of Polymer and Carbon Materials, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sklodowska-Curie 34 Str., 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
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45
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Shafiq I, Khalid M, Asghar MA, Baby R, Braga AAC, Alshehri SM, Ahmed S. Influence of azacycle donor moieties on the photovoltaic properties of benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole based organic systems: a DFT study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14630. [PMID: 37670033 PMCID: PMC10480204 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41679-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fullerene free organic chromophores are widely utilized to improve the efficacy of photovoltaic materials. Herein, we designed D-π-A-π-D form chromophores (TAZD1-TAZD5) via end-capped redistribution of donor moieties by keeping the same π-bridge and central acceptor unit for organic solar cells (OSCs). To analyze the photovoltaic characteristics of these derivatives, DFT estimations were accomplished at B3LYP/6-311 G (d,p) functional. Different investigations like frontier molecular orbital (FMO), absorption spectra (UV-Vis), density of states (DOS), binding energy (Eb), open circuit voltage (Voc), and transition density matrix (TDMs) were performed to examine the optical, photophysical and electronic characteristics of afore-mentioned chromophores. A suitable band gap (∆E = 2.723-2.659 eV) with larger bathochromic shift (λmax = 554.218-543.261 nm in acetonitrile) was seen in TAZD1-TAZD5. An effective charge transference from donor to acceptor via spacer was observed by FMO analysis which further supported by DOS and TDM. Further, lower binding energy values also supported the higher exciton dissociation and greater CT in TAZD1-TAZD5. Among all the designed chromophores, TAZD5 exhibited the narrowest Egap (2.659 eV) and maximum red-shifted absorption in solvent as well as gas phase i.e. 554.218 nm and 533.219 nm, respectively which perhaps as a result of the phenothiazine-based donor group (MPT). In a nutshell, all the tailored chromophores can be considered as efficient compounds for promising OSCs with a good Voc response, interestingly, TAZD5 is found to be excellent chromophores as compared to all these designed compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iqra Shafiq
- Institute of Chemistry, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, 64200, Pakistan
- Centre for Theoretical and Computational Research, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, 64200, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Khalid
- Institute of Chemistry, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, 64200, Pakistan.
- Centre for Theoretical and Computational Research, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering & Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, 64200, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Adnan Asghar
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Rabia Baby
- Department of Education, Sukkur IBA University, Sukkur, 65200, Pakistan
| | - Ataualpa A C Braga
- Departamento de Qu´ımica Fundamental, Instituto de Qu´ımica, Universidade de Sao˜ Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748, Sao Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Saad M Alshehri
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarfraz Ahmed
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
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46
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Liu Q, Vandewal K. Understanding and Suppressing Non-Radiative Recombination Losses in Non-Fullerene Organic Solar Cells. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2302452. [PMID: 37201949 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202302452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Organic solar cells benefit from non-fullerene acceptors (NFA) due to their high absorption coefficients, tunable frontier energy levels, and optical gaps, as well as their relatively high luminescence quantum efficiencies as compared to fullerenes. Those merits result in high yields of charge generation at a low or negligible energetic offset at the donor/NFA heterojunction, with efficiencies over 19% achieved for single-junction devices. Pushing this value significantly over 20% requires an increase in open-circuit voltage, which is currently still well below the thermodynamic limit. This can only be achieved by reducing non-radiative recombination, and hereby increasing the electroluminescence quantum efficiency of the photo-active layer. Here, current understanding of the origin of non-radiative decay, as well as an accurate quantification of the associated voltage losses are summarized. Promising strategies for suppressing these losses are highlighted, with focus on new material design, optimization of donor-acceptor combination, and blend morphology. This review aims at guiding researchers in their quest to find future solar harvesting donor-acceptor blends, which combine a high yield of exciton dissociation with a high yield of radiative free carrier recombination and low voltage losses, hereby closing the efficiency gap with inorganic and perovskite photovoltaics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Liu
- Hasselt University, IMOMEC, Wetenschapspark 1, Diepenbeek, 3590, Belgium
- Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Energy Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Koen Vandewal
- Hasselt University, IMOMEC, Wetenschapspark 1, Diepenbeek, 3590, Belgium
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47
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Zhu C, Chung S, Zhao J, Sun Y, Zhao B, Zhao Z, Kim S, Cho K, Kan Z. Vertical Phase Regulation with 1,3,5-Tribromobenzene Leads to 18.5% Efficiency Binary Organic Solar Cells. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2303150. [PMID: 37424039 PMCID: PMC10502666 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202303150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
The sequential deposition method assists the vertical phase distribution in the photoactive layer of organic solar cells, enhancing power conversion efficiencies. With this film coating approach, the morphology of both layers can be fine-tuned with high boiling solvent additives, as frequently applied in one-step casting films. However, introducing liquid additives can compromise the morphological stability of the devices due to the solvent residuals. Herein, 1,3,5-tribromobenzene (TBB) with high volatility and low cost, is used as a solid additive in the acceptor solution and combined thermal annealing to regulate the vertical phase in organic solar cells composed of D18-Cl/L8-BO. Compared to the control cells, the devices treated with TBB and those that underwent additional thermal processing exhibit increased exciton generation rate, charge carrier mobility, charge carrier lifetime, and reduced bimolecular charge recombination. As a result, the TBB-treated organic solar cells achieve a champion power conversion efficiency of 18.5% (18.1% averaged), one of the highest efficiencies in binary organic solar cells with open circuit voltage exceeding 900 mV. This study ascribes the advanced device performance to the gradient-distributed donor-acceptor concentrations in the vertical direction. The findings provide guidelines for optimizing the morphology of the sequentially deposited top layer to achieve high-performance organic solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaofeng Zhu
- Center on Nanoenergy ResearchGuangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Blue Energy and Systems IntegrationCarbon Peak and Neutrality Science and Technology Development InstituteSchool of Physical Science & TechnologyGuangxi UniversityNanning530004China
| | - Sein Chung
- Department of Chemical EngineeringPohang University of Science and Technology77 Cheongam‐ro, Nam‐guPohang‐si37673South Korea
| | - Jingjing Zhao
- Center on Nanoenergy ResearchGuangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Blue Energy and Systems IntegrationCarbon Peak and Neutrality Science and Technology Development InstituteSchool of Physical Science & TechnologyGuangxi UniversityNanning530004China
| | - Yuqing Sun
- Center on Nanoenergy ResearchGuangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Blue Energy and Systems IntegrationCarbon Peak and Neutrality Science and Technology Development InstituteSchool of Physical Science & TechnologyGuangxi UniversityNanning530004China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Center on Nanoenergy ResearchGuangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Blue Energy and Systems IntegrationCarbon Peak and Neutrality Science and Technology Development InstituteSchool of Physical Science & TechnologyGuangxi UniversityNanning530004China
| | - Zhenmin Zhao
- Center on Nanoenergy ResearchGuangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Blue Energy and Systems IntegrationCarbon Peak and Neutrality Science and Technology Development InstituteSchool of Physical Science & TechnologyGuangxi UniversityNanning530004China
| | - Seunghyun Kim
- Department of Chemical EngineeringPohang University of Science and Technology77 Cheongam‐ro, Nam‐guPohang‐si37673South Korea
| | - Kilwon Cho
- Department of Chemical EngineeringPohang University of Science and Technology77 Cheongam‐ro, Nam‐guPohang‐si37673South Korea
| | - Zhipeng Kan
- Center on Nanoenergy ResearchGuangxi Colleges and Universities Key Laboratory of Blue Energy and Systems IntegrationCarbon Peak and Neutrality Science and Technology Development InstituteSchool of Physical Science & TechnologyGuangxi UniversityNanning530004China
- State Key Laboratory of Featured Metal Materials and Life‐cycle Safety for Composite StructuresNanning530004China
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48
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Jiang Y, Li Y, Liu F, Wang W, Su W, Liu W, Liu S, Zhang W, Hou J, Xu S, Yi Y, Zhu X. Suppressing electron-phonon coupling in organic photovoltaics for high-efficiency power conversion. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5079. [PMID: 37604923 PMCID: PMC10442373 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40806-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The nonradiative energy loss (∆Enr) is a critical factor to limit the efficiency of organic solar cells. Generally, strong electron-phonon coupling induced by molecular motion generates fast nonradiative decay and causes high ∆Enr. How to restrict molecular motion and achieve a low ∆Enr is a sticking point. Herein, the free volume ratio (FVR) is proposed as an indicator to evaluate molecular motion, providing new molecular design rationale to suppress nonradiative decay. Theoretical and experimental results indicate proper proliferation of alkyl side-chain can decrease FVR and restrict molecular motion, leading to reduced electron-phonon coupling while maintaining ideal nanomorphology. The reduced FVR and favorable morphology are simultaneously obtained in AQx-6 with pinpoint alkyl chain proliferation, achieving a high PCE of 18.6% with optimized VOC, JSC and FF. Our study discovered aggregation-state regulation is of great importance to the reduction of electron-phonon coupling, which paves the way to high-efficiency OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Jiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yixin Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Wenxuan Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wenli Su
- Department of Physics and Applied Optics, Beijing Area Major Laboratory Center for Advanced Quantum Studies, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Wuyue Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Songjun Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wenkai Zhang
- Department of Physics and Applied Optics, Beijing Area Major Laboratory Center for Advanced Quantum Studies, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Jianhui Hou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shengjie Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
| | - Yuanping Yi
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
| | - Xiaozhang Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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49
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Su M, Lin M, Mo S, Chen J, Shen X, Xiao Y, Wang M, Gao J, Dang L, Huang XC, He F, Wu Q. Manipulating the Alkyl Chains of Naphthodithiophene Imide-Based Polymers to Concurrently Boost the Efficiency and Stability of Organic Solar Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:37371-37380. [PMID: 37515570 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c05668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
Morphology instability holds the major responsibility for efficiency degradation of organic solar cells (OSCs). However, how to develop polymer donors simultaneously with high efficiency and excellent morphology stability remains challenging. Herein, we reported naphtho[2,1-b:3,4-b']dithiophene-5,6-imide (NDTI)-based new polymers PNDT1 and PNDT2. The alkyl chain engineering leads to high crystallinity, high hole mobility (>10-3 cm2 V-1 S-1), and nanofibrous film morphology, which enable PNDT2 to exhibit an efficiency of 18.13% and a remarkable FF value of 0.80. Moreover, the NDTIs have short π-π stacking and abundant short interactions, and their polymers exhibit superior morphological stability. Therefore, the PNDT2-based OSCs exhibit much better device stability than that of PNDT1, PAB-α, and benchmark polymers PM6 and D18. This work suggests the great importance of the large conjugated backbone of the monomer and alkyl chain engineering to develop high-performance and morphology-stable polymers for OSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingbin Su
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, Guangdong, China
| | - Man Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, Guangdong, China
| | - Songmin Mo
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinming Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiangyu Shen
- Department of Chemistry, Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Yonghong Xiao
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, Guangdong, China
| | - Meijiang Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinping Gao
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, Guangdong, China
| | - Li Dang
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao-Chun Huang
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, Guangdong, China
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Laboratory, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Feng He
- Department of Chemistry, Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Qinghe Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, Guangdong, China
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Laboratory, Shantou 515063, China
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Liang H, Bi X, Chen H, He T, Lin Y, Zhang Y, Ma K, Feng W, Ma Z, Long G, Li C, Kan B, Zhang H, Rakitin OA, Wan X, Yao Z, Chen Y. A rare case of brominated small molecule acceptors for high-efficiency organic solar cells. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4707. [PMID: 37543678 PMCID: PMC10404295 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40423-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Given that bromine possesses similar properties but extra merits of easily synthesizing and polarizing comparing to homomorphic fluorine and chlorine, it is quite surprising very rare high-performance brominated small molecule acceptors have been reported. This may be caused by undesirable film morphologies stemming from relatively larger steric hindrance and excessive crystallinity of bromides. To maximize the advantages of bromides while circumventing weaknesses, three acceptors (CH20, CH21 and CH22) are constructed with stepwise brominating on central units rather than conventional end groups, thus enhancing intermolecular packing, crystallinity and dielectric constant of them without damaging the favorable intermolecular packing through end groups. Consequently, PM6:CH22-based binary organic solar cells render the highest efficiency of 19.06% for brominated acceptors, more excitingly, a record-breaking efficiency of 15.70% when further thickening active layers to ~500 nm. By exhibiting such a rare high-performance brominated acceptor, our work highlights the great potential for achieving record-breaking organic solar cells through delicately brominating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huazhe Liang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Xingqi Bi
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongbin Chen
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Tengfei He
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Yi Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 201620, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunxin Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Nankai University, 300350, Tianjin, China
| | - Kangqiao Ma
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Wanying Feng
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Zaifei Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Center for Advanced Low-dimension Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 201620, Shanghai, China
| | - Guankui Long
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Nankai University, 300350, Tianjin, China
| | - Chenxi Li
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Bin Kan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, National Institute for Advanced Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Nankai University, 300350, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongtao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Oleg A Rakitin
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Xiangjian Wan
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhaoyang Yao
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China.
| | - Yongsheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory and Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), College of Chemistry, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China.
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