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Zhuo Z, Ni M, Yu N, Zheng Y, Lin Y, Yang J, Sun L, Wang L, Bai L, Chen W, Xu M, Huo F, Lin J, Feng Q, Huang W. Intrinsically stretchable fully π-conjugated polymer film via fluid conjugated molecular external-plasticizing for flexible light-emitting diodes. Nat Commun 2024; 15:7990. [PMID: 39266527 PMCID: PMC11393078 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50358-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Fully π-conjugated polymers with rigid aromatic units are promising for flexible optoelectronic devices, but their inherent brittleness poses a challenge for achieving high-performance, intrinsically stretchable fully π-conjugated polymer. Here, we are establishing an external-plasticizing strategy using semiconductor fluid plasticizers (Z1 and Z2) to enhance the optoelectronic, morphological, and stretchable properties of fully π-conjugated polymer films for flexible light-emitting diodes. The synergistic effect of hierarchical structure and optoelectronic properties of Z1 in poly(9,9-di-n-octylfluorene-alt-benzothiadiazole) (F8BT) films enable excellent stretchable deformability (~25%) and good conductivity. PLEDs based on F8BT/Z1 films show stable electroluminescence and efficiency under 15% stretch and 100 cycles at 10% strain, revealing outstanding stress tolerance. This strategy is also improving the stretchable properties of polymers like poly(9,9-di-n-octylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl) (PFO) and poly(2-methoxy-5(2'-ethyl)hexoxy-phenylenevinylene) (Super Yellow), demonstrating its general applicability. Therefore, this strategy can provide effective guidance for designing high-performance stretchable fully π-conjugated polymers films for flexible electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Zhuo
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, China
| | - Mingjian Ni
- The Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE, Future Technologies), Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ningning Yu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, China
| | - Yingying Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, China
| | - Yingru Lin
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, China
| | - Lili Sun
- School of Flexible Electronics (SoFE) & State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lizhi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, China
| | - Lubing Bai
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, China
| | - Wenyu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, China
| | - Man Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, China
| | - Fengwei Huo
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, China
| | - Jinyi Lin
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, China.
| | - Quanyou Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, China.
- The Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE, Future Technologies), Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.
- School of Flexible Electronics (SoFE) & State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, Nanjing, China.
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2
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Oh JY, Lee Y, Lee TW. Skin-Mountable Functional Electronic Materials for Bio-Integrated Devices. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2303797. [PMID: 38368254 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202303797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
Skin-mountable electronic materials are being intensively evaluated for use in bio-integrated devices that can mutually interact with the human body. Over the past decade, functional electronic materials inspired by the skin are developed with new functionalities to address the limitations of traditional electronic materials for bio-integrated devices. Herein, the recent progress in skin-mountable functional electronic materials for skin-like electronics is introduced with a focus on five perspectives that entail essential functionalities: stretchability, self-healing ability, biocompatibility, breathability, and biodegradability. All functionalities are advanced with each strategy through rational material designs. The skin-mountable functional materials enable the fabrication of bio-integrated electronic devices, which can lead to new paradigms of electronics combining with the human body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Young Oh
- Department of Chemical Engineering (Integrated Engineering Program), Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeongjun Lee
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Science, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Woo Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Engineering Research, Research Institute of Advanced Materials, Molecular Foundry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
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3
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Lu C, Liu E, Sun Q, Shao Y. Sandwich-Structured Carbon Nanotube Composite Films for Multifunctional Sensing and Electrothermal Application. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:2496. [PMID: 39274129 PMCID: PMC11397793 DOI: 10.3390/polym16172496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2024] [Revised: 08/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Electro-conductive films with excellent flexibility and thermal behavior have great potential in the fields of wearable electronics, artificial muscle, and soft robotics. Herein, we report a super-elastic and electro-conductive composite film with a sandwich structure. The composite film was constructed by spraying Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) polymers onto a buckled conductive carbon nanotube-polydimethylsiloxane (CNTs-PDMS) composite film. In this system, the PVA and PDMS provide water sensing and stretchability, while the coiled CNT film offers sufficient conductivity. Notably, the composite film possesses high stretchability (205%), exceptional compression sensing ability, humility sensing ability, and remarkable electrical stability under various deformations. The produced CNT composite film exhibited deformation (bending/twisting) and high electro-heating performance (108 °C) at a low driving voltage of 2 V. The developed CNT composite film, together with its exceptional sensing and electrothermal performance, provides the material with promising prospects for practical applications in wearable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canyi Lu
- College of Textile Science and Engineering (International Institute of Silk), Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Encheng Liu
- College of Textile Science and Engineering (International Institute of Silk), Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Qi Sun
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yiqin Shao
- College of Textile Science and Engineering (International Institute of Silk), Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
- Engineering Research Center of Technical Textiles, Ministry of Education, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
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4
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Zhang W, Qin Z, Yu L, Lian J, Liu J, He Z, Huang ZH. A self-bonding conductive electrode triggered by water-induced structure reconfiguration. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:9074-9077. [PMID: 39104310 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc03396e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/07/2024]
Abstract
This study presents a self-bonding conductive electrode triggered by water-induced structure reconfiguration. Water wetting causes the swelling and mobility of cotton-derived cellulose nanofibers in the conductive electrode, and the formation of hydrogen bonds, which enables the conductive electrode to heal damage, bond separated pieces, and directly bond on diverse substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Zhang
- Institute for Energy Research, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Zhouyang Qin
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Lingxiao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
| | - Jiabiao Lian
- Institute for Energy Research, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Junfeng Liu
- Institute for Energy Research, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Zhixia He
- Institute for Energy Research, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Zheng-Hong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of New Ceramics and Fine Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Wang S, Deng W, Yang W. Superhydrophobic stretchable sensors based on interfacially self-assembled carbon nanotube film for self-sensing drag-reduction shipping. RSC Adv 2024; 14:26505-26515. [PMID: 39175694 PMCID: PMC11339797 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra04793a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Multifunctional flexible electronics integrated with superhydrophobicity and flexible sensing can greatly promote broader applications. However, the hierarchical roughness morphology of superhydrophobic surfaces is vulnerable to complex mechanical deformations of stretchable sensors leading to degradation of hydrophobic properties, so constructing robust superhydrophobic stretchable sensors remains challenging. Herein, we propose a facile strategy to fabricate superhydrophobic stretchable sensors based on self-assembled carbon nanotube (CNT) films at the air-water interface. The customizable functions of superhydrophobic stretchable sensors can be achieved by controlling the combination of the CNT film and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) through a simple and efficient interfacial transferring strategy. Even under large mechanical deformations, the developed sensors can present excellent robustness and superhydrophobicity with a water contact angle of 150.9° at 80% strain. As a proof-of-concept, this work demonstrates their potential application in self-sensing drag-reduction shipping, which is expected to realize greener, more sustainable and safer aquatic transportation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Wang
- Research Institute of Frontier Science, Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu 610031 PR China
- Laboratory of Polymers and Composites, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Ningbo 315201 PR China
| | - Weili Deng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu 610031 PR China
| | - Weiqing Yang
- Research Institute of Frontier Science, Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu 610031 PR China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu 610031 PR China
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6
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Xiong Y, Wang Z, Yan X, Li T, Jing S, Hu T, Jin H, Liu X, Kong W, Huo Y, Ge X. Elastic Polyurethane as Stress-Redistribution-Adhesive-Layer (SRAL) for Directly Integrated High-Energy-Density Flexible Batteries. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2401635. [PMID: 38828658 PMCID: PMC11304273 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202401635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
The low mechanical reliability and integration failure are key challenges hindering the commercialization of geometrically flexible batteries. This work proposes that the failure of directly integrating flexible batteries using traditional rigid adhesives is primarily due to the mismatch between the generated stress at the adhesive/substrate interface, and the maximum allowable stress. Accordingly, a stress redistribution adhesive layer (SRAL) strategy is conceived by using elastic adhesive to redistribute the generated stress. The function mechanism of the SRAL strategy is confirmed by theoretical finite element analysis. Experimentally, a polyurethane (PU) type elastic adhesive (with maximum strain of 1425%) is synthesized and used as the SRAL to integrate rigid cells on different flexible substrates to fabricate directly integrated flexible battery with robust output under various harsh environments, such as stretching, twisting, and even bending in water. The SRAL strategy is expected to be generally applicable in various flexible devices that involve the integration of rigid components onto flexible substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yige Xiong
- Department of Materials and MetallurgyGuizhou UniversityGuiyangGuizhou550025P. R. China
| | - Zhongjie Wang
- Department of Materials and MetallurgyGuizhou UniversityGuiyangGuizhou550025P. R. China
| | - Xiaohui Yan
- Department of Materials and MetallurgyGuizhou UniversityGuiyangGuizhou550025P. R. China
| | - Taibai Li
- Department of Materials and MetallurgyGuizhou UniversityGuiyangGuizhou550025P. R. China
| | - Siqi Jing
- Department of Materials and MetallurgyGuizhou UniversityGuiyangGuizhou550025P. R. China
| | - Tao Hu
- Department of Materials and MetallurgyGuizhou UniversityGuiyangGuizhou550025P. R. China
| | - Huixin Jin
- Department of Materials and MetallurgyGuizhou UniversityGuiyangGuizhou550025P. R. China
| | - Xuncheng Liu
- Department of Materials and MetallurgyGuizhou UniversityGuiyangGuizhou550025P. R. China
| | - Weibo Kong
- College of Polymer Science and EngineeringSichuan UniversityChengdu610065P. R. China
| | - Yonglin Huo
- Department of Materials and MetallurgyGuizhou UniversityGuiyangGuizhou550025P. R. China
| | - Xiang Ge
- Department of Materials and MetallurgyGuizhou UniversityGuiyangGuizhou550025P. R. China
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7
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Yang JW, Lee J, Song KI, Park D, Cha HJ. Acrylated adhesive proteinic microneedle patch for local drug delivery and stable device implantation. J Control Release 2024; 371:193-203. [PMID: 38782066 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Microneedle patches have been developed as favorable platforms for delivery systems, such as the locoregional application of therapeutic drugs, and implantation systems, such as electronic devices on visceral tissue surfaces. However, the challenge lies in finding materials that can achieve both biocompatibility and stable fixation on the target tissue. To address this issue, utilizing a biocompatible adhesive biomaterial allows the flat part of the patch to adhere as well, enabling double-sided adhesion for greater versatility. In this work, we propose an adhesive microneedle patch based on mussel adhesive protein (MAP) with enhanced mechanical strength via ultraviolet-induced polyacrylate crosslinking and Coomassie brilliant blue molecules. The strong wet tissue adhesive and biocompatible nature of engineered acrylated-MAP resulted in the development of a versatile wet adhesive microneedle patch system for in vivo usage. In a mouse tumor model, this microneedle patch effectively delivered anticancer drugs while simultaneously sealing the skin wound. Additionally, in an application of rat subcutaneous implantation, an electronic circuit was stably anchored using a double-sided wet adhesive microneedle patch, and its signal location underneath the skin did not change over time. Thus, the proposed acrylated-MAP-based wet adhesive microneedle patch system holds great promise for biomedical applications, paving the way for advancements in drug delivery therapeutics, tissue engineering, and implantable electronic medical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jang Woo Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeyun Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang Il Song
- Division of Smart Healthcare, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongsik Park
- Drug Manufacturing Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation (K-MEDI Hub), Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyung Joon Cha
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea; Medical Science and Engineering, School of Convergence Science and Technology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Republic of Korea.
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8
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Gao Z, Zhou Y, Zhang J, Foroughi J, Peng S, Baughman RH, Wang ZL, Wang CH. Advanced Energy Harvesters and Energy Storage for Powering Wearable and Implantable Medical Devices. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2404492. [PMID: 38935237 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202404492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Wearable and implantable active medical devices (WIMDs) are transformative solutions for improving healthcare, offering continuous health monitoring, early disease detection, targeted treatments, personalized medicine, and connected health capabilities. Commercialized WIMDs use primary or rechargeable batteries to power their sensing, actuation, stimulation, and communication functions, and periodic battery replacements of implanted active medical devices pose major risks of surgical infections or inconvenience to users. Addressing the energy source challenge is critical for meeting the growing demand of the WIMD market that is reaching valuations in the tens of billions of dollars. This review critically assesses the recent advances in energy harvesting and storage technologies that can potentially eliminate the need for battery replacements. With a key focus on advanced materials that can enable energy harvesters to meet the energy needs of WIMDs, this review examines the crucial roles of advanced materials in improving the efficiencies of energy harvesters, wireless charging, and energy storage devices. This review concludes by highlighting the key challenges and opportunities in advanced materials necessary to achieve the vision of self-powered wearable and implantable active medical devices, eliminating the risks associated with surgical battery replacement and the inconvenience of frequent manual recharging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyan Gao
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Yang Zhou
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Jin Zhang
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Javad Foroughi
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Shuhua Peng
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Ray H Baughman
- Alan G. MacDiarmid NanoTech Institute, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, 75080, USA
| | - Zhong Lin Wang
- Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101400, P. R. China
| | - Chun H Wang
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
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Wang J, Ochiai Y, Wu N, Adachi K, Inoue D, Hashizume D, Kong D, Matsuhisa N, Yokota T, Wu Q, Ma W, Sun L, Xiong S, Du B, Wang W, Shih CJ, Tajima K, Aida T, Fukuda K, Someya T. Intrinsically stretchable organic photovoltaics by redistributing strain to PEDOT:PSS with enhanced stretchability and interfacial adhesion. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4902. [PMID: 38851770 PMCID: PMC11162488 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49352-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Intrinsically stretchable organic photovoltaics have emerged as a prominent candidate for the next-generation wearable power generators regarding their structural design flexibility, omnidirectional stretchability, and in-plane deformability. However, formulating strategies to fabricate intrinsically stretchable organic photovoltaics that exhibit mechanical robustness under both repetitive strain cycles and high tensile strains remains challenging. Herein, we demonstrate high-performance intrinsically stretchable organic photovoltaics with an initial power conversion efficiency of 14.2%, exceptional stretchability (80% of the initial power conversion efficiency maintained at 52% tensile strain), and cyclic mechanical durability (95% of the initial power conversion efficiency retained after 100 strain cycles at 10%). The stretchability is primarily realised by delocalising and redistributing the strain in the active layer to a highly stretchable PEDOT:PSS electrode developed with a straightforward incorporation of ION E, which simultaneously enhances the stretchability of PEDOT:PSS itself and meanwhile reinforces the interfacial adhesion with the polyurethane substrate. Both enhancements are pivotal factors ensuring the excellent mechanical durability of the PEDOT:PSS electrode, which further effectively delays the crack initiation and propagation in the top active layer, and enables the limited performance degradation under high tensile strains and repetitive strain cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiachen Wang
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Yuto Ochiai
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Niannian Wu
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Kiyohiro Adachi
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Daishi Inoue
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Daisuke Hashizume
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Desheng Kong
- College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Naoji Matsuhisa
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan
- Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Yokota
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
- Institute of Engineering Innovation, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Qiang Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behaviour of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Wei Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behaviour of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Lulu Sun
- Thin-Film Device Laboratory, RIKEN, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Sixing Xiong
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Baocai Du
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Wenqing Wang
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Chih-Jen Shih
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, ETH Zurich, Zurich, 8093, Switzerland
| | - Keisuke Tajima
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Takuzo Aida
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Fukuda
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
- Thin-Film Device Laboratory, RIKEN, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
| | - Takao Someya
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan.
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
- Thin-Film Device Laboratory, RIKEN, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
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10
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Nam TU, Vo NTP, Jeong MW, Jung KH, Lee SH, Lee TI, Oh JY. Intrinsically Stretchable Floating Gate Memory Transistors for Data Storage of Electronic Skin Devices. ACS NANO 2024; 18:14558-14568. [PMID: 38761154 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c02303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
To propel electronic skin (e-skin) to the next level by integrating artificial intelligence features with advanced sensory capabilities, it is imperative to develop stretchable memory device technology. A stretchable memory device for e-skin must offer, in particular, long-term data storage while ensuring the security of personal information under any type of deformation. However, despite the significance of these needs, technology related to stretchable memory devices remains in its infancy. Here, we report an intrinsically stretchable floating gate (FG) polymer memory transistor. The device features a dual-stimuli (optical and electrical) writing system to prevent easy erasure of recorded data. An FG comprising an intermixture of Ag nanoparticles and elastomer and with proper energy-band alignment between the semiconductor and dielectric facilitated sustainable memory performance, while achieving a high memory on/off ratio (>105) and a long retention time (106 s) with the ability to withstand 50% uniaxial or 30% biaxial strain. In addition, our memory transistor exhibited high mechanical durability over multiple stretching cycles (1000 times), along with excellent environmental stability with respect to factors such as temperature, moisture, air, and delamination. Finally, we fabricated a 7 × 7 active-matrix memory transistor array for personalized storage of e-skin data and successfully demonstrated its functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Uk Nam
- Department of Chemical Engineering (Integrated Engineering Program), Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi 17104, Korea
| | - Ngoc Thanh Phuong Vo
- Department of Chemical Engineering (Integrated Engineering Program), Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi 17104, Korea
| | - Min Woo Jeong
- Department of Chemical Engineering (Integrated Engineering Program), Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi 17104, Korea
| | - Kyu Ho Jung
- Department of Chemical Engineering (Integrated Engineering Program), Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi 17104, Korea
| | - Seung Hwan Lee
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi 17104, Korea
| | - Tae Il Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Gachon University, Seong-nam, Gyeonggi 13120, Korea
| | - Jin Young Oh
- Department of Chemical Engineering (Integrated Engineering Program), Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi 17104, Korea
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11
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Yang C, Wang H, Cao Z, Chen X, Zhou G, Zhao H, Wu Z, Zhao Y, Sun B. Memristor-Based Bionic Tactile Devices: Opening the Door for Next-Generation Artificial Intelligence. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2308918. [PMID: 38149504 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202308918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Bioinspired tactile devices can effectively mimic and reproduce the functions of the human tactile system, presenting significant potential in the field of next-generation wearable electronics. In particular, memristor-based bionic tactile devices have attracted considerable attention due to their exceptional characteristics of high flexibility, low power consumption, and adaptability. These devices provide advanced wearability and high-precision tactile sensing capabilities, thus emerging as an important research area within bioinspired electronics. This paper delves into the integration of memristors with other sensing and controlling systems and offers a comprehensive analysis of the recent research advancements in memristor-based bionic tactile devices. These advancements incorporate artificial nociceptors and flexible electronic skin (e-skin) into the category of bio-inspired sensors equipped with capabilities for sensing, processing, and responding to stimuli, which are expected to catalyze revolutionary changes in human-computer interaction. Finally, this review discusses the challenges faced by memristor-based bionic tactile devices in terms of material selection, structural design, and sensor signal processing for the development of artificial intelligence. Additionally, it also outlines future research directions and application prospects of these devices, while proposing feasible solutions to address the identified challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Yang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology of Materials, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610031, China
| | - Hongyan Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology of Materials, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610031, China
| | - Zelin Cao
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology (FIST), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
| | - Xiaoliang Chen
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology (FIST), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
| | - Guangdong Zhou
- College of Artificial Intelligence, Brain-inspired Computing & Intelligent Control of Chongqing Key Lab, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Hongbin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials for Smart Sensing, General Research Institute for Nonferrous Metals, Beijing, 100088, China
| | - Zhenhua Wu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 DongChuan Rd, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yong Zhao
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology of Materials, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610031, China
- Fujian Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced High-Field Superconducting Materials and Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, China
| | - Bai Sun
- Frontier Institute of Science and Technology (FIST), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, China
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12
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Vo NTP, Nam TU, Jeong MW, Kim JS, Jung KH, Lee Y, Ma G, Gu X, Tok JBH, Lee TI, Bao Z, Oh JY. Autonomous self-healing supramolecular polymer transistors for skin electronics. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3433. [PMID: 38653966 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47718-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Skin-like field-effect transistors are key elements of bio-integrated devices for future user-interactive electronic-skin applications. Despite recent rapid developments in skin-like stretchable transistors, imparting self-healing ability while maintaining necessary electrical performance to these transistors remains a challenge. Herein, we describe a stretchable polymer transistor capable of autonomous self-healing. The active material consists of a blend of an electrically insulating supramolecular polymer with either semiconducting polymers or vapor-deposited metal nanoclusters. A key feature is to employ the same supramolecular self-healing polymer matrix for all active layers, i.e., conductor/semiconductor/dielectric layers, in the skin-like transistor. This provides adhesion and intimate contact between layers, which facilitates effective charge injection and transport under strain after self-healing. Finally, we fabricate skin-like self-healing circuits, including NAND and NOR gates and inverters, both of which are critical components of arithmetic logic units. This work greatly advances practical self-healing skin electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc Thanh Phuong Vo
- Department of Chemical Engineering (Integrated Engineering Program), Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi, 17104, Korea
| | - Tae Uk Nam
- Department of Chemical Engineering (Integrated Engineering Program), Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi, 17104, Korea
| | - Min Woo Jeong
- Department of Chemical Engineering (Integrated Engineering Program), Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi, 17104, Korea
| | - Jun Su Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering (Integrated Engineering Program), Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi, 17104, Korea
| | - Kyu Ho Jung
- Department of Chemical Engineering (Integrated Engineering Program), Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi, 17104, Korea
| | - Yeongjun Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305-5025, USA
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Korea
| | - Guorong Ma
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, 39406, USA
| | - Xiaodan Gu
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, 39406, USA
| | - Jeffrey B-H Tok
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305-5025, USA
| | - Tae Il Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Gachon University, Seong-nam, Gyeonggi, 13120, Korea.
| | - Zhenan Bao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305-5025, USA.
| | - Jin Young Oh
- Department of Chemical Engineering (Integrated Engineering Program), Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi, 17104, Korea.
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13
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Xue C, He N, Zhao X, Ni Y, Wang B, Tong Y, Tang Q, Liu Y. Submicron-Thickness Ultraflexible Organic Light-Emitting Diodes via a Photoregulated Stripping Strategy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:14015-14025. [PMID: 38446708 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c17782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
With the rapid advances in imperceptible and epidermal electronics, the research on ultraflexible organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) has become increasingly significant, owing to their excellent flexibility and conformability to the human body. It is highly desirable to develop submicrometer-thick ultraflexible OLEDs to enable the devices to seamlessly conform to the surface of arbitrary-shaped objects and still function properly. However, it remains a huge challenge for currently reported OLEDs due to the lack of an appropriate stripping strategy. Here, for the first time, we develop a facile photoregulated stripping strategy for the fabrication of high-performance ultraflexible OLEDs with submicron thickness. Under ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, the surface adhesion force of the ultrathin photopolymer membrane can be adjusted from 16.9 to 5.1 N/m, thereby effectively controlling the laminating and detaching process. Based on this strategy, the resultant device thickness is as low as 0.821 μm, which is the lowest record among flexible OLEDs reported to date. More remarkably, excellent electrical properties with a maximum current efficiency (CE) of 62.5 cd/A, an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 17.8%, and a low turn-on voltage of 2.5 V are realized, which are superior to almost all of the reported ultraflexible OLEDs with thicknesses below 10 μm. Based on versatile ultraflexible OLEDs, all-organic and skin-mounted displays are successfully realized by employing a conformable organic thin-film transistor (OTFT) as the driver. This work offers a feasible strategy for advancing OLEDs from flexible to ultraflexible, showing significant application potential in future epidermal electronics and conformal displays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Xue
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Lab of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Ning He
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Lab of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhao
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Lab of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yanping Ni
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Lab of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Lab of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yanhong Tong
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Lab of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Qingxin Tang
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Lab of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Yichun Liu
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research, and Key Lab of UV-Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
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14
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Geng Y, Chen G, Cao R, Dai H, Hu Z, Yu S, Wang L, Zhu L, Xiang H, Zhu M. A Skin-Inspired Self-Adaptive System for Temperature Control During Dynamic Wound Healing. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2024; 16:152. [PMID: 38466482 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-024-01345-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
The thermoregulating function of skin that is capable of maintaining body temperature within a thermostatic state is critical. However, patients suffering from skin damage are struggling with the surrounding scene and situational awareness. Here, we report an interactive self-regulation electronic system by mimicking the human thermos-reception system. The skin-inspired self-adaptive system is composed of two highly sensitive thermistors (thermal-response composite materials), and a low-power temperature control unit (Laser-induced graphene array). The biomimetic skin can realize self-adjusting in the range of 35-42 °C, which is around physiological temperature. This thermoregulation system also contributed to skin barrier formation and wound healing. Across wound models, the treatment group healed ~ 10% more rapidly compared with the control group, and showed reduced inflammation, thus enhancing skin tissue regeneration. The skin-inspired self-adaptive system holds substantial promise for next-generation robotic and medical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Geng
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai, 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoyin Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai, 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Ran Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai, 201620, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hongmei Dai
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai, 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Zexu Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai, 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Senlong Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai, 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Le Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai, 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Liping Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai, 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Hengxue Xiang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai, 201620, People's Republic of China.
| | - Meifang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, 2999 North Renmin Road, Shanghai, 201620, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Zhu D, Duan S, Liu J, Diao S, Hong J, Xiang S, Wei X, Xiao P, Xia J, Lei W, Wang B, Shi Q, Wu J. A double-crack structure for bionic wearable strain sensors with ultra-high sensitivity and a wide sensing range. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:5409-5420. [PMID: 38380994 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr05476d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Flexible strain sensors are crucial in fully monitoring human motion, and they should have a wide sensing range and ultra-high sensitivity. Herein, inspired by lyriform organs, a flexible strain sensor based on the double-crack structure is designed. An MXene layer and an Au layer with cracks are constructed on both sides of the insulated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) film, forming an equivalent parallel circuit that guarantees the integrity of the conductive path under a large strain. The rapid disconnection of the crack junctions causes a significant change in the resistance value. Due to the effect of cracks on the conductive path, the sensitivity of the sensor is largely improved. Benefiting from the double-crack structure, the as-obtained sensor shows ultra-high sensitivity (maximum gauge factor of up to 14 373.6), a wide working range (up to 21%), a fast response time (183 ms) and excellent dynamical stability (almost no performance loss after 1000 stretching cycles and different frequency cycles). In practical applications, the sensor is applied to different parts of the human body to sense the deformation of the skin, demonstrating its great potential application value in human physiological detection and the human-machine interaction. This study can provide new ideas for preparing high-performance flexible strain sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Information Display and Visualization, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, 210096, China.
| | - Shengshun Duan
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Information Display and Visualization, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, 210096, China.
| | - Jiachen Liu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Information Display and Visualization, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, 210096, China.
| | - Shanyan Diao
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Information Display and Visualization, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, 210096, China.
| | - Jianlong Hong
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Information Display and Visualization, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, 210096, China.
| | - Shengxin Xiang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Information Display and Visualization, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, 210096, China.
| | - Xiao Wei
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Information Display and Visualization, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, 210096, China.
| | - Peng Xiao
- State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Co., Ltd, Research Institute, Nanjing, 211103, Jiangsu, P. R. China.
| | - Jun Xia
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Information Display and Visualization, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, 210096, China.
| | - Wei Lei
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Information Display and Visualization, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, 210096, China.
| | - Baoping Wang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Information Display and Visualization, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, 210096, China.
| | - Qiongfeng Shi
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Information Display and Visualization, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, 210096, China.
| | - Jun Wu
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Information Display and Visualization, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, 210096, China.
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16
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Hu Y, Wang Y, Yang F, Liu D, Lu G, Li S, Wei Z, Shen X, Jiang Z, Zhao Y, Pang Q, Song B, Shi Z, Shafique S, Zhou K, Chen X, Su W, Jian J, Tang K, Liu T, Zhu Y. Flexible Organic Photovoltaic-Powered Hydrogel Bioelectronic Dressing With Biomimetic Electrical Stimulation for Healing Infected Diabetic Wounds. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2307746. [PMID: 38145346 PMCID: PMC10933690 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202307746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Electrical stimulation (ES) is proposed as a therapeutic solution for managing chronic wounds. However, its widespread clinical adoption is limited by the requirement of additional extracorporeal devices to power ES-based wound dressings. In this study, a novel sandwich-structured photovoltaic microcurrent hydrogel dressing (PMH dressing) is designed for treating diabetic wounds. This innovative dressing comprises flexible organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells, a flexible micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) electrode, and a multifunctional hydrogel serving as an electrode-tissue interface. The PMH dressing is engineered to administer ES, mimicking the physiological injury current occurring naturally in wounds when exposed to light; thus, facilitating wound healing. In vitro experiments are performed to validate the PMH dressing's exceptional biocompatibility and robust antibacterial properties. In vivo experiments and proteomic analysis reveal that the proposed PMH dressing significantly accelerates the healing of infected diabetic wounds by enhancing extracellular matrix regeneration, eliminating bacteria, regulating inflammatory responses, and modulating vascular functions. Therefore, the PMH dressing is a potent, versatile, and effective solution for diabetic wound care, paving the way for advancements in wireless ES wound dressings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi‐Wei Hu
- Health Science CenterNingbo UniversityNingbo315211P. R. China
- Orthopaedic Oncology Center of Changzheng HospitalNaval Medical UniversityShanghai200003P. R. China
| | - Yu‐Heng Wang
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer ScienceNingbo UniversityNingbo315211P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power EquipmentXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049P. R. China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical FabricationNational Center for Nanoscience and TechnologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
| | - Fang Yang
- Health Science CenterNingbo UniversityNingbo315211P. R. China
| | - Ding‐Xin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power EquipmentXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049P. R. China
| | - Guang‐Hao Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power EquipmentXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049P. R. China
| | - Sheng‐Tao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power EquipmentXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049P. R. China
| | - Zhi‐Xiang Wei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical FabricationNational Center for Nanoscience and TechnologyUniversity of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100049P. R. China
| | - Xiang Shen
- The Research Institute of Advanced TechnologiesNingbo UniversityNingbo315211P. R. China
| | - Zhuang‐De Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems EngineeringXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049P. R. China
| | - Yi‐Fan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems EngineeringXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049P. R. China
| | - Qian Pang
- Health Science CenterNingbo UniversityNingbo315211P. R. China
| | - Bai‐Yang Song
- Health Science CenterNingbo UniversityNingbo315211P. R. China
| | - Ze‐Wen Shi
- Health Science CenterNingbo UniversityNingbo315211P. R. China
| | - Shareen Shafique
- School of Physical Science and TechnologyNingbo UniversityNingbo315211P. R. China
| | - Kun Zhou
- Shenzhen Institute of Aggregate Science and TechnologyThe Chinese University of Hong Kong ShenzhenShenzhen518172P. R. China
| | - Xiao‐Lian Chen
- Printable Electronics Research Center & Nano‐Device and Materials DivisionSuzhou Institute of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsNano Chinese Academy of SciencesSuzhou215123P. R. China
| | - Wen‐Ming Su
- Printable Electronics Research Center & Nano‐Device and Materials DivisionSuzhou Institute of Nano‐Tech and Nano‐BionicsNano Chinese Academy of SciencesSuzhou215123P. R. China
| | - Jia‐Wen Jian
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer ScienceNingbo UniversityNingbo315211P. R. China
| | - Ke‐Qi Tang
- Institute of Mass SpectrometrySchool of Material Science and Chemical EngineeringNingbo UniversityNingbo315211P. R. China
| | - Tie‐Long Liu
- Orthopaedic Oncology Center of Changzheng HospitalNaval Medical UniversityShanghai200003P. R. China
| | - Ya‐Bin Zhu
- Health Science CenterNingbo UniversityNingbo315211P. R. China
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17
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Ding Y, Jiang J, Wu Y, Zhang Y, Zhou J, Zhang Y, Huang Q, Zheng Z. Porous Conductive Textiles for Wearable Electronics. Chem Rev 2024; 124:1535-1648. [PMID: 38373392 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Over the years, researchers have made significant strides in the development of novel flexible/stretchable and conductive materials, enabling the creation of cutting-edge electronic devices for wearable applications. Among these, porous conductive textiles (PCTs) have emerged as an ideal material platform for wearable electronics, owing to their light weight, flexibility, permeability, and wearing comfort. This Review aims to present a comprehensive overview of the progress and state of the art of utilizing PCTs for the design and fabrication of a wide variety of wearable electronic devices and their integrated wearable systems. To begin with, we elucidate how PCTs revolutionize the form factors of wearable electronics. We then discuss the preparation strategies of PCTs, in terms of the raw materials, fabrication processes, and key properties. Afterward, we provide detailed illustrations of how PCTs are used as basic building blocks to design and fabricate a wide variety of intrinsically flexible or stretchable devices, including sensors, actuators, therapeutic devices, energy-harvesting and storage devices, and displays. We further describe the techniques and strategies for wearable electronic systems either by hybridizing conventional off-the-shelf rigid electronic components with PCTs or by integrating multiple fibrous devices made of PCTs. Subsequently, we highlight some important wearable application scenarios in healthcare, sports and training, converging technologies, and professional specialists. At the end of the Review, we discuss the challenges and perspectives on future research directions and give overall conclusions. As the demand for more personalized and interconnected devices continues to grow, PCT-based wearables hold immense potential to redefine the landscape of wearable technology and reshape the way we live, work, and play.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichun Ding
- School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
- Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, P. R. China
- Fujian Science & Technology Innovation Laboratory for Optoelectronic Information of China, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, P. R. China
| | - Jinxing Jiang
- School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
| | - Yingsi Wu
- School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
| | - Yaokang Zhang
- School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
| | - Junhua Zhou
- School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
| | - Yufei Zhang
- School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
| | - Qiyao Huang
- School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
- Research Institute for Intelligent Wearable Systems, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
| | - Zijian Zheng
- School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Faculty of Science, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
- Research Institute for Intelligent Wearable Systems, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
- Research Institute for Smart Energy, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR 999077, P. R. China
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18
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Xia H, Zhang Y, Rajabi N, Taleb F, Yang Q, Kragic D, Li Z. Shaping high-performance wearable robots for human motor and sensory reconstruction and enhancement. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1760. [PMID: 38409128 PMCID: PMC10897332 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46249-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Most wearable robots such as exoskeletons and prostheses can operate with dexterity, while wearers do not perceive them as part of their bodies. In this perspective, we contend that integrating environmental, physiological, and physical information through multi-modal fusion, incorporating human-in-the-loop control, utilizing neuromuscular interface, employing flexible electronics, and acquiring and processing human-robot information with biomechatronic chips, should all be leveraged towards building the next generation of wearable robots. These technologies could improve the embodiment of wearable robots. With optimizations in mechanical structure and clinical training, the next generation of wearable robots should better facilitate human motor and sensory reconstruction and enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haisheng Xia
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, China
- Translational Research Center, Shanghai YangZhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), Tongji University, Shanghai, 201619, China
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Yuchong Zhang
- Robotics, Perception and Learning Lab, EECS at KTH Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm, 114 17, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nona Rajabi
- Robotics, Perception and Learning Lab, EECS at KTH Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm, 114 17, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Farzaneh Taleb
- Robotics, Perception and Learning Lab, EECS at KTH Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm, 114 17, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Qunting Yang
- Department of Automation, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Danica Kragic
- Robotics, Perception and Learning Lab, EECS at KTH Royal Institute of Technology Stockholm, 114 17, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Zhijun Li
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 201804, China.
- Translational Research Center, Shanghai YangZhi Rehabilitation Hospital (Shanghai Sunshine Rehabilitation Center), Tongji University, Shanghai, 201619, China.
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center, Hefei, 230026, China.
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19
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Hong S, Park T, Lee J, Ji Y, Walsh J, Yu T, Park JY, Lim J, Benito Alston C, Solorio L, Lee H, Kim YL, Kim DR, Lee CH. Rapid Self-Healing Hydrogel with Ultralow Electrical Hysteresis for Wearable Sensing. ACS Sens 2024; 9:662-673. [PMID: 38300847 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c01835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Self-healing hydrogels are in high demand for wearable sensing applications due to their remarkable deformability, high ionic and electrical conductivity, self-adhesiveness to human skin, as well as resilience to both mechanical and electrical damage. However, these hydrogels face challenges such as delayed healing times and unavoidable electrical hysteresis, which limit their practical effectiveness. Here, we introduce a self-healing hydrogel that exhibits exceptionally rapid healing with a recovery time of less than 0.12 s and an ultralow electrical hysteresis of less than 0.64% under cyclic strains of up to 500%. This hydrogel strikes an ideal balance, without notable trade-offs, between properties such as softness, deformability, ionic and electrical conductivity, self-adhesiveness, response and recovery times, durability, overshoot behavior, and resistance to nonaxial deformations such as twisting, bending, and pressing. Owing to this unique combination of features, the hydrogel is highly suitable for long-term, durable use in wearable sensing applications, including monitoring body movements and electrophysiological activities on the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seokkyoon Hong
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Taewoong Park
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Junsang Lee
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuhyun Ji
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Julia Walsh
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Tianhao Yu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Jae Young Park
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Jongcheon Lim
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Claudia Benito Alston
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Luis Solorio
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Hyowon Lee
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Center for Implantable Devices, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Young L Kim
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Dong Rip Kim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi Hwan Lee
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Center for Implantable Devices, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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20
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Regato-Herbella M, Morhenn I, Mantione D, Pascuzzi G, Gallastegui A, Caribé dos Santos Valle AB, Moya SE, Criado-Gonzalez M, Mecerreyes D. ROS-Responsive 4D Printable Acrylic Thioether-Based Hydrogels for Smart Drug Release. CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS : A PUBLICATION OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2024; 36:1262-1272. [PMID: 38370279 PMCID: PMC10870821 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.3c02264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a key role in several biological functions like regulating cell survival and signaling; however, their effect can range from beneficial to nondesirable oxidative stress when they are overproduced causing inflammation or cancer diseases. Thus, the design of tailor-made ROS-responsive polymers offers the possibility of engineering hydrogels for target therapies. In this work, we developed thioether-based ROS-responsive difunctional monomers from ethylene glycol/thioether acrylate (EGnSA) with different lengths of the EGn chain (n = 1, 2, 3) by the thiol-Michael addition click reaction. The presence of acrylate groups allowed their photopolymerization by UV light, while the thioether groups conferred ROS-responsive properties. As a result, smart PEGnSA hydrogels were obtained, which could be processed by four-dimensional (4D) printing. The mechanical properties of the hydrogels were determined by rheology, pointing out a decrease of the elastic modulus (G') with the length of the EG segment. To enhance the stability of the hydrogels after swelling, the EGnSA monomers were copolymerized with a polar monomer, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA), leading to P[(EGnSA)x-co-HEAy] with improved compatibility in aqueous media, making it a less brittle material. Swelling properties of the hydrogels increased in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, a kind of ROS, reaching values of ≈130% for P[(EG3SA)7-co-HEA93] which confirms the stimuli-responsive properties. Then, the P[(EG3SA)x-co-HEAy] hydrogels were employed as matrixes for the encapsulation of a chemotherapeutic drug, 5-fluorouracil (5FU), which showed sustained release over time modulated by the presence of H2O2. Finally, the effect of the 5-FU release from P[(EG3SA)x-co-HEAy] hydrogels was tested in vitro with melanoma cancer cells B16F10, pointing out B16F10 growth inhibition values in the range of 40-60% modulated by the EG3SA percentage and the presence or absence of ROS agents, thus confirming their excellent ROS-responsive properties for the treatment of localized pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Regato-Herbella
- POLYMAT
University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Center. Avda. Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Center
for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramón 194, 20014Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Isabel Morhenn
- POLYMAT
University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Center. Avda. Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Daniele Mantione
- POLYMAT
University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Center. Avda. Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque,
Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
| | - Giuseppe Pascuzzi
- Department
of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering “Giulio Natta”, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano ,Italy
| | - Antonela Gallastegui
- POLYMAT
University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Center. Avda. Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Ana Beatriz Caribé dos Santos Valle
- Center
for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramón 194, 20014Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Sergio E. Moya
- Center
for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramón 194, 20014Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Miryam Criado-Gonzalez
- POLYMAT
University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Center. Avda. Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - David Mecerreyes
- POLYMAT
University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Center. Avda. Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
- Ikerbasque,
Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
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21
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Mousavi A, Rahimnejad M, Azimzadeh M, Akbari M, Savoji H. Recent advances in smart wearable sensors as electronic skin. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:10332-10354. [PMID: 37909384 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb01373a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
Flexible and multifunctional electronic devices and soft robots inspired by human organs, such as skin, have many applications. However, the emergence of electronic skins (e-skins) or textiles in biomedical engineering has made a great revolution in a myriad of people's lives who suffer from different types of diseases and problems in which their skin and muscles lose their appropriate functions. In this review, recent advances in the sensory function of the e-skins are described. Furthermore, we have categorized them from the sensory function perspective and highlighted their advantages and limitations. The categories are tactile sensors (including capacitive, piezoresistive, piezoelectric, triboelectric, and optical), temperature, and multi-sensors. In addition, we summarized the most recent advancements in sensors and their particular features. The role of material selection and structure in sensory function and other features of the e-skins are also discussed. Finally, current challenges and future prospects of these systems towards advanced biomedical applications are elaborated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mousavi
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada.
- Research Center, Sainte-Justine University Hospital, Montreal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada
- Montreal TransMedTech Institute, Montreal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Maedeh Rahimnejad
- Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, and Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Mostafa Azimzadeh
- Laboratory for Innovations in Micro Engineering (LiME), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Mohsen Akbari
- Laboratory for Innovations in Micro Engineering (LiME), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Houman Savoji
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada.
- Research Center, Sainte-Justine University Hospital, Montreal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada
- Montreal TransMedTech Institute, Montreal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada
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22
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Tian Y, He R, Xu WC, Li J, Wu J, Zhong W, Zhang K. Contact Piezoresistive Sensors Based on Electro-Polymerized Polypyrrole and a Regulated Conductive Pathway. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:49583-49594. [PMID: 37823823 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c09837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
The performance of contact resistive pressure sensors heavily relies on the intrinsic characteristics of the active layers, including the mechanical surface structure, conductivity, and elastic properties. However, efficiently and simply regulating the conductivity, morphology, and modulus of the active layers has remained a challenge. In this study, we introduced electro-polymerized polypyrrole (ePPy) to design flexible contact piezoresistive sensors with tailored intrinsic properties. The customizable intrinsic property of ePPy was comprehensively illustrated on the chemical and electronic structure scale, and the impact of ePPy's intrinsic properties on the sensing performance of the device was investigated by determining the correlation between resistivity, roughness, and device sensitivity. Due to the synergistic effects of roughness, conductivity, and elastic properties of the active layers, the flexible ePPy-based pressure sensor exhibited high sensitivity (3.19 kPa-1, 1-10 kPa, R2 = 0.97), fast response time, good durability, and low power consumption. These advantages allowed the sensor to offer an immediate response to human motion such as finger-bending and grasping movements, demonstrating the promising potential of tailorable ePPy-based contact piezoresistive sensors for wearable electronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyu Tian
- Institute of Systems Engineering, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621999, Sichuan, China
| | - Ren He
- Institute of Systems Engineering, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621999, Sichuan, China
| | - Wen-Cong Xu
- Institute of Systems Engineering, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621999, Sichuan, China
| | - Jian Li
- Institute of Systems Engineering, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621999, Sichuan, China
| | - Juying Wu
- Institute of Systems Engineering, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621999, Sichuan, China
| | - Weizhou Zhong
- Institute of Systems Engineering, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621999, Sichuan, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Institute of Systems Engineering, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621999, Sichuan, China
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23
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Zhuo Z, Ni M, An X, Bai L, Liang X, Yang J, Zheng Y, Liu B, Sun N, Sun L, Wei C, Yu N, Chen W, Li M, Xu M, Lin J, Huang W. Intrinsically Stretchable and Efficient Fully Π-Conjugated Polymer via Internal Plasticization for Flexible Deep-Blue Polymer Light-Emitting Diodes with CIE y = 0.08. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2303923. [PMID: 37435996 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202303923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Intrinsically stretchable polymeric semiconductors are essential to flexible polymer light-emitting diodes (PLEDs) owing to their excellent strain tolerance capacity under long-time deformation operation. Obtaining intrinsic stretchability, robust emission properties, and excellent charge-transport behavior simultaneously from fully π-conjugated polymers (FCPs) is difficult, particularly for applications in deep-blue PLEDs. Herein, an internal plasticization strategy is proposed to introduce a phenyl-ester plasticizer into polyfluorenes (PF-MC4, PF-MC6, and PF-MC8) for narrowband deep-blue flexible PLEDs. Compared with controlled poly[4-(octyloxy)-9,9-diphenylfluoren-2,7-diyl]-co-[5-(octyloxy)-9,9-diphenylfluoren-2,7-diyl] (PODPFs) (2.5%), the freestanding PF-MC8 thin film shows a fracture strain of >25%. The three stretchable films exhibit stable and efficient deep-blue emission (PLQY > 50%) because of the encapsulation of π-conjugated backbone via pendant phenyl-ester plasticizers. The PF-MC8-based PLEDs show deep-blue emission, which corresponds to CIE and EQE values of (0.16, 0.10) and 1.06%, respectively. Finally, the narrowband deep-blue electroluminescence (FWHM of ≈25 nm; CIE coordinates: (0.15, 0.08)) and performance of the transferred PLEDs based on the PF-MC8 stretchable film are independent of the tensile ratio (up to 45%); however, they show a maximum brightness of 1976 cd m-2 at a ratio of 35%. Therefore, internal plasticization is a promising approach for designing intrinsically stretchable FCPs for flexible electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Zhuo
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Mingjian Ni
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Xiang An
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Lubing Bai
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Xinyu Liang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Yingying Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Ning Sun
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Lili Sun
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Chuanxin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Ningning Yu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Wenyu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Mengyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Man Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jinyi Lin
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing, 211816, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Electronics and Information Displays & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
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Xie X, Xu Z, Yu X, Jiang H, Li H, Feng W. Liquid-in-liquid printing of 3D and mechanically tunable conductive hydrogels. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4289. [PMID: 37463898 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40004-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Conductive hydrogels require tunable mechanical properties, high conductivity and complicated 3D structures for advanced functionality in (bio)applications. Here, we report a straightforward strategy to construct 3D conductive hydrogels by programable printing of aqueous inks rich in poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) inside of oil. In this liquid-in-liquid printing method, assemblies of PEDOT:PSS colloidal particles originating from the aqueous phase and polydimethylsiloxane surfactants from the other form an elastic film at the liquid-liquid interface, allowing trapping of the hydrogel precursor inks in the designed 3D nonequilibrium shapes for subsequent gelation and/or chemical cross-linking. Conductivities up to 301 S m-1 are achieved for a low PEDOT:PSS content of 9 mg mL-1 in two interpenetrating hydrogel networks. The effortless printability enables us to tune the hydrogels' components and mechanical properties, thus facilitating the use of these conductive hydrogels as electromicrofluidic devices and to customize near-field communication (NFC) implantable biochips in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjian Xie
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, 610065, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhonggang Xu
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, 610065, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Yu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610065, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, 610065, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongjiao Li
- College of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, 610065, Chengdu, China.
| | - Wenqian Feng
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, 610065, Chengdu, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University, 610065, Chengdu, China.
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25
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Yu H, Li H, Sun X, Pan L. Biomimetic Flexible Sensors and Their Applications in Human Health Detection. Biomimetics (Basel) 2023; 8:293. [PMID: 37504181 PMCID: PMC10807369 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics8030293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Bionic flexible sensors are a new type of biosensor with high sensitivity, selectivity, stability, and reliability to achieve detection in complex natural and physiological environments. They provide efficient, energy-saving and convenient applications in medical monitoring and diagnosis, environmental monitoring, and detection and identification. Combining sensor devices with flexible substrates to imitate flexible structures in living organisms, thus enabling the detection of various physiological signals, has become a hot topic of interest. In the field of human health detection, the application of bionic flexible sensors is flourishing and will evolve into patient-centric diagnosis and treatment in the future of healthcare. In this review, we provide an up-to-date overview of bionic flexible devices for human health detection applications and a comprehensive summary of the research progress and potential of flexible sensors. First, we evaluate the working mechanisms of different classes of bionic flexible sensors, describing the selection and fabrication of bionic flexible materials and their excellent electrochemical properties; then, we introduce some interesting applications for monitoring physical, electrophysiological, chemical, and biological signals according to more segmented health fields (e.g., medical diagnosis, rehabilitation assistance, and sports monitoring). We conclude with a summary of the advantages of current results and the challenges and possible future developments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Xidi Sun
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
| | - Lijia Pan
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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26
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Deriabin KV, Filippova SS, Islamova RM. Self-Healing Silicone Materials: Looking Back and Moving Forward. Biomimetics (Basel) 2023; 8:286. [PMID: 37504174 PMCID: PMC10807480 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics8030286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This review is dedicated to self-healing silicone materials, which can partially or entirely restore their original characteristics after mechanical or electrical damage is caused to them, such as formed (micro)cracks, scratches, and cuts. The concept of self-healing materials originated from biomaterials (living tissues) capable of self-healing and regeneration of their functions (plants, human skin and bones, etc.). Silicones are ones of the most promising polymer matrixes to create self-healing materials. Self-healing silicones allow an increase of the service life and durability of materials and devices based on them. In this review, we provide a critical analysis of the current existing types of self-healing silicone materials and their functional properties, which can be used in biomedicine, optoelectronics, nanotechnology, additive manufacturing, soft robotics, skin-inspired electronics, protection of surfaces, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin V. Deriabin
- Institute of Chemistry, St Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Emb., St. Petersburg 199034, Russia; (K.V.D.); (S.S.F.)
- South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk 454080, Russia
| | - Sofia S. Filippova
- Institute of Chemistry, St Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Emb., St. Petersburg 199034, Russia; (K.V.D.); (S.S.F.)
| | - Regina M. Islamova
- Institute of Chemistry, St Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya Emb., St. Petersburg 199034, Russia; (K.V.D.); (S.S.F.)
- South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk 454080, Russia
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27
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Jeong MW, Ma JH, Shin JS, Kim JS, Ma G, Nam TU, Gu X, Kang SJ, Oh JY. Intrinsically stretchable three primary light-emitting films enabled by elastomer blend for polymer light-emitting diodes. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadh1504. [PMID: 37343088 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh1504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Intrinsically stretchable light-emitting materials are crucial for skin-like wearable displays; however, their color range has been limited to green-like yellow lights owing to the restricted stretchable light-emitting materials (super yellow series materials). To develop skin-like full-color displays, three intrinsically stretchable primary light-emitting materials [red, green, and blue (RGB)] are essential. In this study, we report three highly stretchable primary light-emitting films made from a polymer blend of conventional RGB light-emitting polymers and a nonpolar elastomer. The blend films consist of multidimensional nanodomains of light-emitting polymers that are interconnected in an elastomer matrix for efficient light-emitting under strain. The RGB blend films exhibited over 1000 cd/m2 luminance with low turn-on voltage (<5 Von) and the selectively stretched blend films on rigid substrate maintained stable light-emitting performance up to 100% strain even after 1000 multiple stretching cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Woo Jeong
- Department of Chemical Engineering (Integrated Engineering Program), Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi, 17104, Korea
| | - Jin Hyun Ma
- Department of Advanced Materials Engineering for Information and Electronics, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi, 17104, Korea
- Integrated Education Institute for Frontier Science and Technology (BK21 Four), Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi, 17104, Korea
| | - Jae Seung Shin
- Department of Advanced Materials Engineering for Information and Electronics, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi, 17104, Korea
- Integrated Education Institute for Frontier Science and Technology (BK21 Four), Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi, 17104, Korea
| | - Jun Su Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering (Integrated Engineering Program), Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi, 17104, Korea
| | - Guorong Ma
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406, USA
| | - Tae Uk Nam
- Department of Chemical Engineering (Integrated Engineering Program), Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi, 17104, Korea
| | - Xiaodan Gu
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406, USA
| | - Seong Jun Kang
- Department of Advanced Materials Engineering for Information and Electronics, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi, 17104, Korea
- Integrated Education Institute for Frontier Science and Technology (BK21 Four), Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi, 17104, Korea
| | - Jin Young Oh
- Department of Chemical Engineering (Integrated Engineering Program), Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi, 17104, Korea
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28
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VURAL B, ULUDAĞ İ, İNCE B, ÖZYURT C, ÖZTÜRK F, SEZGİNTÜRK MK. Fluid-based wearable sensors: a turning point in personalized healthcare. Turk J Chem 2023; 47:944-967. [PMID: 38173754 PMCID: PMC10760819 DOI: 10.55730/1300-0527.3588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, it has become very popular to develop wearable devices that can monitor biomarkers to analyze the health status of the human body more comprehensively and accurately. Wearable sensors, specially designed for home care services, show great promise with their ease of use, especially during pandemic periods. Scientists have conducted many innovative studies on new wearable sensors that can noninvasively and simultaneously monitor biochemical indicators in body fluids for disease prediction, diagnosis, and management. Using noninvasive electrochemical sensors, biomarkers can be detected in tears, saliva, perspiration, and skin interstitial fluid (ISF). In this review, biofluids used for noninvasive wearable sensor detection under four main headings, saliva, sweat, tears, and ISF-based wearable sensors, were examined in detail. This report analyzes nearly 50 recent articles from 2017 to 2023. Based on current research, this review also discusses the evolution of wearable sensors, potential implementation challenges, and future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berfin VURAL
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale,
Turkiye
| | - İnci ULUDAĞ
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale,
Turkiye
| | - Bahar İNCE
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale,
Turkiye
| | - Canan ÖZYURT
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Processing Technologies, Lapseki Vocational School, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale,
Turkiye
| | - Funda ÖZTÜRK
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Tekirdağ Namık Kemal University, Tekirdağ,
Turkiye
| | - Mustafa Kemal SEZGİNTÜRK
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale,
Turkiye
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29
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Wang Z, Xiao C, Roy M, Yuan Z, Zhao L, Liu Y, Guo X, Lu P. Bioinspired skin towards next-generation rehabilitation medicine. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1196174. [PMID: 37229496 PMCID: PMC10203386 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1196174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid progress of interdisciplinary researches from materials science, biotechnologies, biomedical engineering, and medicine, have resulted in the emerging of bioinspired skins for various fantasticating applications. Bioinspired skin is highly promising in the application of rehabilitation medicine owing to their advantages, including personalization, excellent biocompatibility, multi-functionality, easy maintainability and wearability, and mass production. Therefore, this review presents the recent progress of bioinspired skin towards next-generation rehabilitation medicine. The classification is first briefly introduced. Then, various applications of bioinspired skins in the field of rehabilitation medicine at home and abroad are discussed in detail. Last, we provide the challenges we are facing now, and propose the next research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghui Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, China
| | - Chen Xiao
- Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, China
| | - Mridul Roy
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, China
| | - Zhiyao Yuan
- SanQuan College of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Lingyu Zhao
- Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, China
| | - Yanting Liu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, China
| | - Xuejun Guo
- Department of Rehabilitation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, China
| | - Ping Lu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, China
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30
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Zhu Y, Li J, Kim J, Li S, Zhao Y, Bahari J, Eliahoo P, Li G, Kawakita S, Haghniaz R, Gao X, Falcone N, Ermis M, Kang H, Liu H, Kim H, Tabish T, Yu H, Li B, Akbari M, Emaminejad S, Khademhosseini A. Skin-interfaced electronics: A promising and intelligent paradigm for personalized healthcare. Biomaterials 2023; 296:122075. [PMID: 36931103 PMCID: PMC10085866 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Skin-interfaced electronics (skintronics) have received considerable attention due to their thinness, skin-like mechanical softness, excellent conformability, and multifunctional integration. Current advancements in skintronics have enabled health monitoring and digital medicine. Particularly, skintronics offer a personalized platform for early-stage disease diagnosis and treatment. In this comprehensive review, we discuss (1) the state-of-the-art skintronic devices, (2) material selections and platform considerations of future skintronics toward intelligent healthcare, (3) device fabrication and system integrations of skintronics, (4) an overview of the skintronic platform for personalized healthcare applications, including biosensing as well as wound healing, sleep monitoring, the assessment of SARS-CoV-2, and the augmented reality-/virtual reality-enhanced human-machine interfaces, and (5) current challenges and future opportunities of skintronics and their potentials in clinical translation and commercialization. The field of skintronics will not only minimize physical and physiological mismatches with the skin but also shift the paradigm in intelligent and personalized healthcare and offer unprecedented promise to revolutionize conventional medical practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangzhi Zhu
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA, 90064, United States.
| | - Jinghang Li
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA, 90064, United States
| | - Jinjoo Kim
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA, 90064, United States
| | - Shaopei Li
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA, 90064, United States
| | - Yichao Zhao
- Interconnected and Integrated Bioelectronics Lab, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, and Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, United States
| | - Jamal Bahari
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA, 90064, United States
| | - Payam Eliahoo
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90007, United States
| | - Guanghui Li
- The Centre of Nanoscale Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials, Institute of Polymer Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China; Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center (RECAST), Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Satoru Kawakita
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA, 90064, United States
| | - Reihaneh Haghniaz
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA, 90064, United States
| | - Xiaoxiang Gao
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, United States
| | - Natashya Falcone
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA, 90064, United States
| | - Menekse Ermis
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA, 90064, United States
| | - Heemin Kang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Hao Liu
- Bioinspired Engineering and Biomechanics Center (BEBC), Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, PR China
| | - HanJun Kim
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA, 90064, United States; College of Pharmacy, Korea University, Sejong, 30019, Republic of Korea
| | - Tanveer Tabish
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, United Kingdom
| | - Haidong Yu
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) and Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, PR China
| | - Bingbing Li
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA, 90064, United States; Department of Manufacturing Systems Engineering and Management, California State University, Northridge, CA, 91330, United States
| | - Mohsen Akbari
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA, 90064, United States; Laboratory for Innovation in Microengineering (LiME), Department of Mechanical Engineering, Center for Biomedical Research, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 2C5, Canada
| | - Sam Emaminejad
- Interconnected and Integrated Bioelectronics Lab, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, and Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, United States
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA, 90064, United States.
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31
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Han N, Yao X, Wang Y, Huang W, Niu M, Zhu P, Mao Y. Recent Progress of Biomaterials-Based Epidermal Electronics for Healthcare Monitoring and Human-Machine Interaction. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:393. [PMID: 36979605 PMCID: PMC10046871 DOI: 10.3390/bios13030393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Epidermal electronics offer an important platform for various on-skin applications including electrophysiological signals monitoring and human-machine interactions (HMI), due to their unique advantages of intrinsic softness and conformal interfaces with skin. The widely used nondegradable synthetic materials may produce massive electronic waste to the ecosystem and bring safety issues to human skin. However, biomaterials extracted from nature are promising to act as a substitute material for the construction of epidermal electronics, owing to their diverse characteristics of biocompatibility, biodegradability, sustainability, low cost and natural abundance. Therefore, the development of natural biomaterials holds great prospects for advancement of high-performance sustainable epidermal electronics. Here, we review the recent development on different types of biomaterials including proteins and polysaccharides for multifunctional epidermal electronics. Subsequently, the applications of biomaterials-based epidermal electronics in electrophysiological monitoring and HMI are discussed, respectively. Finally, the development situation and future prospects of biomaterials-based epidermal electronics are summarized. We expect that this review can provide some inspirations for the development of future, sustainable, biomaterials-based epidermal electronics.
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32
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Zheng H, Zhang X, Li C, Zhu W, Li D, Pu Z. Electrically Inspired Flexible Electrochemical Film Power Supply for Long-Term Epidermal Sensors. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:650. [PMID: 36985057 PMCID: PMC10059582 DOI: 10.3390/mi14030650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This paper, for the first time, reports an electrically inspired flexible electrochemical film power supply for long-term epidermal sensors. This device can periodically provide electrical power for several hours after a short-time electrical activation. The electrical activation makes acetylcholine, which is infused into the subcutaneous tissue by iontophoresis. The interstitial fluid (ISF) with glucose molecules is then permeated autonomously for several hours. At this period, the device can provide electrical power. The electrical power is generated from the catalyzing reaction between the glucose oxidase immobilized on the anode and the permeated glucose molecules. After the ISF permeation stops, we give a short-time electrical activation to provide electrical power for several hours again. The power supply is flexible, which makes it adaptively conform to skin. The episodic short-time electrical activation can be enabled by an integrated small film lithium-ion battery. This method extends the service life of a lithium-ion battery 10-fold and suggests the application of small lithium-ion batteries for long-term epidermal sensors.
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33
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Boda U, Strandberg J, Eriksson J, Liu X, Beni V, Tybrandt K. Screen-Printed Corrosion-Resistant and Long-Term Stable Stretchable Electronics Based on AgAu Microflake Conductors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:12372-12382. [PMID: 36820827 PMCID: PMC9999352 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c22199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
High-throughput production methods such as screen printing can bring stretchable electronics out of the lab into the market. Most stretchable conductor inks for screen printing are based on silver nanoparticles or flakes due to their favorable performance-to-cost ratio, but silver is prone to tarnishing and corrosion, thereby limiting the stability of such conductors. Here, we report on a cost-efficient and scalable approach to resolve this issue by developing screen printable inks based on silver flakes chemically coated by a thin layer of gold. The printed stretchable AgAu conductors reach a conductivity of 8500 S cm-1, remain conductive up to 250% strain, show excellent corrosion and tarnishing stability, and are used to demonstrate wearable LED and NFC circuits. The reported approach is attractive for smart clothing, as the long-term functionality of such devices is expected in a variety of environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrika Boda
- Bio
and Organic Electronics Unit, Department of Smart Hardware, Digital
Systems Division, RISE Research Institutes
of Sweden AB, 602 21 Norrköping, Sweden
- Laboratory
of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, 602 21 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Jan Strandberg
- Bio
and Organic Electronics Unit, Department of Smart Hardware, Digital
Systems Division, RISE Research Institutes
of Sweden AB, 602 21 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Jens Eriksson
- Department
of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping
University, 581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Xianjie Liu
- Laboratory
of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, 602 21 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Valerio Beni
- Bio
and Organic Electronics Unit, Department of Smart Hardware, Digital
Systems Division, RISE Research Institutes
of Sweden AB, 602 21 Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Klas Tybrandt
- Laboratory
of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, 602 21 Norrköping, Sweden
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34
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Liu J, Guo H, Liu H, Lu T. Designing Hierarchical Soft Network Materials with Developable Lattice Nodes for High Stretchability. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2206099. [PMID: 36698297 PMCID: PMC10015852 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202206099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Soft network materials (SNMs) represent one of the best candidates for the substrates and the encapsulation layers of stretchable inorganic electronics, because they are capable of precisely customizing the J-shaped stress-strain curves of biological tissues. Although a variety of microstructures and topologies have been exploited to adjust the nonlinear stress-strain responses of SNMs, the stretchability of most SNMs is hard to exceed 100%. Designing novel high-strength SNMs with much larger stretchability (e.g., >200%) than existing SNMs and conventional elastomers remains a challenge. This paper develops a class of hierarchical soft network materials (HSNMs) with developable lattice nodes, which can significantly improve the stretchability of SNMs without any loss of strength. The effects of geometric parameters, lattice topologies, and loading directions on the mechanical properties of HSNMs are systematically discussed by experiments and numerical simulations. The proposed node design strategy for SNMs is also proved to be widely applicable to different constituent materials, including polymers and metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxing Liu
- State Key Lab for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical StructuresSoft Machines LabDepartment of Engineering MechanicsXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049P. R. China
| | - Haoyu Guo
- State Key Lab for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical StructuresSoft Machines LabDepartment of Engineering MechanicsXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049P. R. China
| | - Haiyang Liu
- State Key Lab for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical StructuresSoft Machines LabDepartment of Engineering MechanicsXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049P. R. China
| | - Tongqing Lu
- State Key Lab for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical StructuresSoft Machines LabDepartment of Engineering MechanicsXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'an710049P. R. China
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35
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Yang J, Zhang Z, Zhou P, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Xu Y, Gu Y, Qin S, Haick H, Wang Y. Toward a new generation of permeable skin electronics. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:3051-3078. [PMID: 36723108 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr06236d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Skin-mountable electronics are considered to be the future of the next generation of portable electronics, due to their softness and seamless integration with human skin. However, impermeable materials limit device comfort and reliability for long-term, continuous usage. The recent emergence of permeable skin-mountable electronics has attracted tremendous attention in the soft electronics field. Herein, we provide a comprehensive and systematic review of permeable skin-mountable electronics. Typical porous materials and structures are first highlighted, followed by discussion of important device properties. Then, we review the latest representative applications of breathable skin-mountable electronics, such as bioelectrical sensors, temperature sensors, humidity and hydration sensors, strain and pressure sensors, and energy harvesting and storage devices. Finally, a conclusion and future directions for permeable skin electronics are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology (GTIIT), Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology (IIT), Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Zongman Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology (GTIIT), Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China.
| | - Pengcheng Zhou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology (GTIIT), Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China.
| | - Yujie Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology (GTIIT), Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology (IIT), Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology (GTIIT), Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology (IIT), Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Yumiao Xu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology (GTIIT), Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China.
| | - Yuheng Gu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology (GTIIT), Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China.
| | - Shenglin Qin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology (GTIIT), Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China.
| | - Hossam Haick
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel.
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology (GTIIT), Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology (IIT), Haifa 3200003, Israel
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials and Technologies for Energy Conversion, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China
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36
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He T, Wen F, Yang Y, Le X, Liu W, Lee C. Emerging Wearable Chemical Sensors Enabling Advanced Integrated Systems toward Personalized and Preventive Medicine. Anal Chem 2023; 95:490-514. [PMID: 36625107 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tianyiyi He
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117583, Singapore.,Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS, National University of Singapore, Block E6 #05-11, 5 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117608, Singapore
| | - Feng Wen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117583, Singapore.,Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS, National University of Singapore, Block E6 #05-11, 5 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117608, Singapore
| | - Yanqin Yang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117583, Singapore.,Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS, National University of Singapore, Block E6 #05-11, 5 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117608, Singapore
| | - Xianhao Le
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117583, Singapore.,Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS, National University of Singapore, Block E6 #05-11, 5 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117608, Singapore
| | - Weixin Liu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117583, Singapore.,Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS, National University of Singapore, Block E6 #05-11, 5 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117608, Singapore
| | - Chengkuo Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117583, Singapore.,Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS, National University of Singapore, Block E6 #05-11, 5 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117608, Singapore
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37
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Fu J, Wang H, Na R, Jisaihan A, Wang Z, Ohno Y. Recent advancements in digital health management using multi-modal signal monitoring. MATHEMATICAL BIOSCIENCES AND ENGINEERING : MBE 2023; 20:5194-5222. [PMID: 36896542 DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2023241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Healthcare is the method of keeping or enhancing physical and mental well-being with its aid of illness and injury prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. The majority of conventional healthcare practices involve manual management and upkeep of client demographic information, case histories, diagnoses, medications, invoicing, and drug stock upkeep, which can result in human errors that have an impact on clients. By linking all the essential parameter monitoring equipment through a network with a decision-support system, digital health management based on Internet of Things (IoT) eliminates human errors and aids the doctor in making more accurate and timely diagnoses. The term "Internet of Medical Things" (IoMT) refers to medical devices that have the ability to communicate data over a network without requiring human-to-human or human-to-computer interaction. Meanwhile, more effective monitoring gadgets have been made due to the technology advancements, and these devices can typically record a few physiological signals simultaneously, including the electrocardiogram (ECG) signal, the electroglottography (EGG) signal, the electroencephalogram (EEG) signal, and the electrooculogram (EOG) signal. Yet, there has not been much research on the connection between digital health management and multi-modal signal monitoring. To bridge the gap, this article reviews the latest advancements in digital health management using multi-modal signal monitoring. Specifically, three digital health processes, namely, lower-limb data collection, statistical analysis of lower-limb data, and lower-limb rehabilitation via digital health management, are covered in this article, with the aim to fully review the current application of digital health technology in lower-limb symptom recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Fu
- Department of Mathematical Health Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 5650871, Japan
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Ma'anshan University, maanshan 243000, China
| | - Risu Na
- Department of Mathematical Health Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 5650871, Japan
- Shanghai Jian Qiao University, Shanghai 201315, China
| | - A Jisaihan
- Department of Mathematical Health Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 5650871, Japan
| | - Zhixiong Wang
- Department of Mathematical Health Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 5650871, Japan
- Ma'anshan University, maanshan 243000, China
| | - Yuko Ohno
- Department of Mathematical Health Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 5650871, Japan
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38
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Guo Y, Tian Q, Wang T, Wang S, He X, Ji L. Silver nanoparticles decorated meta-aramid nanofibrous membrane with advantageous properties for high-performance flexible pressure sensor. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 629:535-545. [PMID: 36182754 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.09.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Flexible pressure sensors have received tremendous attention for various wearable applications. However, it remains a critical challenge to develop a flexible pressure sensor with excellent sensitivity performances and multiple advantageous properties. Herein, a high-performance flexible piezoresistive pressure sensor PMIA@PDA@Ag was developed, which sensitive component is consisted of Ag nanoparticles decorated polydopamine (PDA)-modified meta-aramid (poly(m-phenylene isophthalamide), PMIA) nanofibrous membrane. The PMIA@PDA@Ag pressure sensor shows excellent mechanical, thermal insulation, antibacterial and breathable properties, as well as remarkable sensing performances including high sensitivity, wide detectable pressure range, rapid response speed and good cyclic durability. In addition, it also shows great sensing performances in monitoring various human behaviors in real-time, including large-scale motions and subtle physiological signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqian Guo
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Qirong Tian
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Tao Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
| | - Sheng Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Xia He
- College of Textile Science and Engineering (International Institute of Silk), Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Lvlv Ji
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
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39
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Moro S, Siemons N, Drury O, Warr DA, Moriarty TA, Perdigão LM, Pearce D, Moser M, Hallani RK, Parker J, McCulloch I, Frost JM, Nelson J, Costantini G. The Effect of Glycol Side Chains on the Assembly and Microstructure of Conjugated Polymers. ACS NANO 2022; 16:21303-21314. [PMID: 36516000 PMCID: PMC9798861 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c09464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Conjugated polymers with glycol-based chains, are emerging as a material class with promising applications as organic mixed ionic-electronic conductors, particularly in bioelectronics and thermoelectrics. However, little is still known about their microstructure and the role of the side chains in determining intermolecular interactions and polymer packing. Here, we use the combination of electrospray deposition and scanning tunneling microscopy to determine the microstructure of prototypical glycolated conjugated polymers (pgBTTT and p(g2T-TT)) with submonomer resolution. Molecular dynamics simulations of the same surface-adsorbed polymers exhibit an excellent agreement with the experimental images, allowing us to extend the characterization of the polymers to the atomic scale. Our results prove that, similarly to their alkylated counterparts, glycolated polymers assemble through interdigitation of their side chains, although significant differences are found in their conformation and interaction patterns. A model is proposed that identifies the driving force for the polymer assembly in the tendency of the side chains to adopt the conformation of their free analogues, i.e., polyethylene and polyethylene glycol, for alkyl or ethylene glycol side chains, respectively. For both classes of polymers, it is also demonstrated that the backbone conformation is determined to a higher degree by the interaction between the side chains rather than by the backbone torsional potential energy. The generalization of these findings from two-dimensional (2D) monolayers to three-dimensional thin films is discussed, together with the opportunity to use this type of 2D study to gain so far inaccessible, subnm-scale information on the microstructure of conjugated polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Moro
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
- School
of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas Siemons
- Department
of Physics, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Oscar Drury
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel A. Warr
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas A. Moriarty
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Luís M.
A. Perdigão
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Drew Pearce
- Department
of Physics, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Maximilian Moser
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Rawad K. Hallani
- Physical
Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah
University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Joseph Parker
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - Iain McCulloch
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
- Physical
Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah
University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jarvist M. Frost
- Department
of Physics, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Jenny Nelson
- Department
of Physics, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Giovanni Costantini
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
- School
of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
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40
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Kim MH, Jeong MW, Kim JS, Nam TU, Vo NTP, Jin L, Lee TI, Oh JY. Mechanically robust stretchable semiconductor metallization for skin-inspired organic transistors. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eade2988. [PMID: 36542706 PMCID: PMC9770969 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade2988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Despite recent remarkable advances in stretchable organic thin-film field-effect transistors (OTFTs), the development of stretchable metallization remains a challenge. Here, we report a highly stretchable and robust metallization on an elastomeric semiconductor film based on metal-elastic semiconductor intermixing. We found that vaporized silver (Ag) atom with higher diffusivity than other noble metals (Au and Cu) forms a continuous intermixing layer during thermal evaporation, enabling highly stretchable metallization. The Ag metallization maintains a high conductivity (>104 S/cm) even under 100% strain and successfully preserves its conductivity without delamination even after 10,000 stretching cycles at 100% strain and several adhesive tape tests. Moreover, a native silver oxide layer formed on the intermixed Ag clusters facilitates efficient hole injection into the elastomeric semiconductor, which transcends previously reported stretchable source and drain electrodes for OTFTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Hyouk Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering (Integrated Engineering Program), Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi 17104, Korea
| | - Min Woo Jeong
- Department of Chemical Engineering (Integrated Engineering Program), Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi 17104, Korea
| | - Jun Su Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering (Integrated Engineering Program), Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi 17104, Korea
| | - Tae Uk Nam
- Department of Chemical Engineering (Integrated Engineering Program), Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi 17104, Korea
| | - Ngoc Thanh Phuong Vo
- Department of Chemical Engineering (Integrated Engineering Program), Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi 17104, Korea
| | - Lihua Jin
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Tae Il Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Gachon University, Seong-nam, Gyeonggi 13120, Korea
| | - Jin Young Oh
- Department of Chemical Engineering (Integrated Engineering Program), Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Gyeonggi 17104, Korea
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Cao HL, Cai SQ. Recent advances in electronic skins: material progress and applications. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1083579. [PMID: 36588929 PMCID: PMC9795216 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1083579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Electronic skins are currently in huge demand for health monitoring platforms and personalized medicine applications. To ensure safe monitoring for long-term periods, high-performance electronic skins that are softly interfaced with biological tissues are required. Stretchability, self-healing behavior, and biocompatibility of the materials will ensure the future application of electronic skins in biomedical engineering. This mini-review highlights recent advances in mechanically active materials and structural designs for electronic skins, which have been used successfully in these contexts. Firstly, the structural and biomechanical characteristics of biological skins are described and compared with those of artificial electronic skins. Thereafter, a wide variety of processing techniques for stretchable materials are reviewed, including geometric engineering and acquiring intrinsic stretchability. Then, different types of self-healing materials and their applications in electronic skins are critically assessed and compared. Finally, the mini-review is concluded with a discussion on remaining challenges and future opportunities for materials and biomedical research.
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Mishra S, Mohanty S, Ramadoss A. Functionality of Flexible Pressure Sensors in Cardiovascular Health Monitoring: A Review. ACS Sens 2022; 7:2495-2520. [PMID: 36036627 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c00942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
As the highest percentage of global mortality is caused by several cardiovascular diseases (CVD), maintenance and monitoring of a healthy cardiovascular condition have become the primary concern of each and every individual. Simultaneously, recent progress and advances in wearable pressure sensor technology have provided many pathways to monitor and detect underlying cardiovascular illness in terms of irregularities in heart rate, blood pressure, and blood oxygen saturation. These pressure sensors can be comfortably attached onto human skin or can be implanted on the surface of vascular grafts for uninterrupted monitoring of arterial blood pressure. While the traditional monitoring systems are time-consuming, expensive, and not user-friendly, flexible sensor technology has emerged as a promising and dynamic practice to collect important health information at a comparatively low cost in a reliable and user-friendly way. This Review explores the importance and necessity of cardiovascular health monitoring while emphasizing the role of flexible pressure sensors in monitoring patients' health conditions to avoid adverse effects. A comprehensive discussion on the current research progress along with the real-time impact and accessibility of pressure sensors developed for cardiovascular health monitoring applications has been provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvrajyoti Mishra
- School for Advanced Research in Petrochemicals: Laboratory for Advanced Research in Polymeric Materials (LARPM), Central Institute of Petrochemicals Engineering and Technology (CIPET), Bhubaneswar-751024, India
| | - Smita Mohanty
- School for Advanced Research in Petrochemicals: Laboratory for Advanced Research in Polymeric Materials (LARPM), Central Institute of Petrochemicals Engineering and Technology (CIPET), Bhubaneswar-751024, India
| | - Ananthakumar Ramadoss
- School for Advanced Research in Petrochemicals: Laboratory for Advanced Research in Polymeric Materials (LARPM), Central Institute of Petrochemicals Engineering and Technology (CIPET), Bhubaneswar-751024, India
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43
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Klimaszewski J, Wildner K, Ostaszewska-Liżewska A, Władziński M, Możaryn J. Robot-Based Calibration Procedure for Graphene Electronic Skin. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 22:6122. [PMID: 36015884 PMCID: PMC9416129 DOI: 10.3390/s22166122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The paper describes the semi-automatised calibration procedure of an electronic skin comprising screen-printed graphene-based sensors intended to be used for robotic applications. The variability of sensitivity and load characteristics among sensors makes the practical use of the e-skin extremely difficult. As the number of active elements forming the e-skin increases, this problem becomes more significant. The article describes the calibration procedure of multiple e-skin array sensors whose parameters are not homogeneous. We describe how an industrial robot equipped with a reference force sensor can be used to automatise the e-skin calibration procedure. The proposed methodology facilitates, speeds up, and increases the repeatability of the e-skin calibration. Finally, for the chosen example of a nonhomogeneous sensor matrix, we provide details of the data preprocessing, the sensor modelling process, and a discussion of the obtained results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Klimaszewski
- Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Mechatronics, Institute of Automatic Control and Robotics, A. Boboli 8 Street, 02-525 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Wildner
- Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Mechatronics, Institute of Metrology and Biomedical Engineering, A. Boboli 8 Street, 02-525 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Ostaszewska-Liżewska
- Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Mechatronics, Institute of Metrology and Biomedical Engineering, A. Boboli 8 Street, 02-525 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michał Władziński
- Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Mechatronics, Institute of Metrology and Biomedical Engineering, A. Boboli 8 Street, 02-525 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Możaryn
- Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Mechatronics, Institute of Automatic Control and Robotics, A. Boboli 8 Street, 02-525 Warsaw, Poland
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44
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Lu Y, Yang G, Shen Y, Yang H, Xu K. Multifunctional Flexible Humidity Sensor Systems Towards Noncontact Wearable Electronics. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2022; 14:150. [PMID: 35869398 PMCID: PMC9307709 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-022-00895-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
In the past decade, the global industry and research attentions on intelligent skin-like electronics have boosted their applications in diverse fields including human healthcare, Internet of Things, human-machine interfaces, artificial intelligence and soft robotics. Among them, flexible humidity sensors play a vital role in noncontact measurements relying on the unique property of rapid response to humidity change. This work presents an overview of recent advances in flexible humidity sensors using various active functional materials for contactless monitoring. Four categories of humidity sensors are highlighted based on resistive, capacitive, impedance-type and voltage-type working mechanisms. Furthermore, typical strategies including chemical doping, structural design and Joule heating are introduced to enhance the performance of humidity sensors. Drawing on the noncontact perception capability, human/plant healthcare management, human-machine interactions as well as integrated humidity sensor-based feedback systems are presented. The burgeoning innovations in this research field will benefit human society, especially during the COVID-19 epidemic, where cross-infection should be averted and contactless sensation is highly desired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyao Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Geng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yajing Shen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Huayong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaichen Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems, School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, People's Republic of China.
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45
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Wang T, Yang Y, Xu F. Mechanics of tension-induced film wrinkling and restabilization: a review. Proc Math Phys Eng Sci 2022; 478:20220149. [PMID: 35818518 PMCID: PMC9257598 DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2022.0149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Wrinkling of thin films under tension is omnipresent in nature and modern industry, a phenomenon which has aroused considerable attention during the past two decades because of its intricate nonlinear behaviours and intriguing morphology changes. Here, we review recent advancements in the mechanics of tension-induced film wrinkling and restabilization, by identifying three major stages of its progress: small-strain (less than 5 % ) wrinkling of stiff sheets, finite-strain (up to 30 % ) wrinkling and restabilization (isola-centre bifurcation) of soft films, and the effects of curved configurations and material properties on pattern formation. Growing demand for fundamental understanding, quantitative prediction and precise tracking of secondary bifurcation transitions in morphological evolution of thin films helps to advance finite-strain plate/shell theories and sophisticated modelling methods. This progress not only promotes our insightful understanding of complex instability behaviour but also reveals novel phenomena and sheds light on developing wrinkle-tunable membrane structures and functional surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- Institute of Mechanics and Computational Engineering, Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yifan Yang
- Institute of Mechanics and Computational Engineering, Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fan Xu
- Institute of Mechanics and Computational Engineering, Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Fudan University, 220 Handan Road, Shanghai 200433, People’s Republic of China
- Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People’s Republic of China
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46
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Chen J, Wang L, Xu X, Liu G, Liu H, Qiao Y, Chen J, Cao S, Cha Q, Wang T. Self-Healing Materials-Based Electronic Skin: Mechanism, Development and Applications. Gels 2022; 8:356. [PMID: 35735699 PMCID: PMC9222937 DOI: 10.3390/gels8060356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Electronic skin (e-skin) has brought us great convenience and revolutionized our way of life. However, due to physical or chemical aging and damage, they will inevitably be degraded gradually with practical operation. The emergence of self-healing materials enables e-skins to achieve repairment of cracks and restoration of mechanical function by themselves, meeting the requirements of the era for building durable and self-healing electronic devices. This work reviews the current development of self-healing e-skins with various application scenarios, including motion sensor, human-machine interaction and soft robots. The new application fields and present challenges are discussed; meanwhile, thinkable strategies and prospects of future potential applications are conferenced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjie Chen
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) & Xi’an Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (IBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi’an 710072, China; (J.C.); (L.W.); (X.X.); (G.L.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Lei Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) & Xi’an Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (IBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi’an 710072, China; (J.C.); (L.W.); (X.X.); (G.L.); (Y.Q.)
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University, Ningbo 315103, China
| | - Xiangou Xu
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) & Xi’an Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (IBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi’an 710072, China; (J.C.); (L.W.); (X.X.); (G.L.); (Y.Q.)
- Queen Mary University of London Engineering School, Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi’an 710072, China; (J.C.); (S.C.); (Q.C.)
| | - Guming Liu
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) & Xi’an Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (IBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi’an 710072, China; (J.C.); (L.W.); (X.X.); (G.L.); (Y.Q.)
- Queen Mary University of London Engineering School, Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi’an 710072, China; (J.C.); (S.C.); (Q.C.)
| | - Haoyan Liu
- Department of Computer Science and Computer Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA;
| | - Yuxuan Qiao
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) & Xi’an Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (IBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi’an 710072, China; (J.C.); (L.W.); (X.X.); (G.L.); (Y.Q.)
- Honors College, Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Jialin Chen
- Queen Mary University of London Engineering School, Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi’an 710072, China; (J.C.); (S.C.); (Q.C.)
| | - Siwei Cao
- Queen Mary University of London Engineering School, Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi’an 710072, China; (J.C.); (S.C.); (Q.C.)
| | - Quanbin Cha
- Queen Mary University of London Engineering School, Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi’an 710072, China; (J.C.); (S.C.); (Q.C.)
| | - Tengjiao Wang
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE) & Xi’an Institute of Biomedical Materials and Engineering (IBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi’an 710072, China; (J.C.); (L.W.); (X.X.); (G.L.); (Y.Q.)
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University, Ningbo 315103, China
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47
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Jiang G, Wang G, Zhu Y, Cheng W, Cao K, Xu G, Zhao D, Yu H. A Scalable Bacterial Cellulose Ionogel for Multisensory Electronic Skin. RESEARCH 2022; 2022:9814767. [PMID: 35711672 PMCID: PMC9188022 DOI: 10.34133/2022/9814767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Electronic skin (e-skin), a new generation of flexible electronics, has drawn interest in soft robotics, artificial intelligence, and biomedical devices. However, most existing e-skins involve complex preparation procedures and are characterized by single-sensing capability and insufficient scalability. Here, we report on a one-step strategy in which a thermionic source is used for the in situ molecularization of bacterial cellulose polymeric fibers into molecular chains, controllably constructing an ionogel with a scalable mode for e-skin. The synergistic effect of a molecular-scale hydrogen bond interweaving network and a nanoscale fiber skeleton confers a robust tensile strength (up to 7.8 MPa) and high ionic conductivity (up to 62.58 mS/cm) on the as-developed ionogel. Inspired by the tongue to engineer the perceptual patterns in this ionogel, we present a smart e-skin with the perfect combination of excellent ion transport and discriminability, showing six stimulating responses to pressure, touch, temperature, humidity, magnetic force, and even astringency. This study proposes a simple, efficient, controllable, and sustainable approach toward a low-carbon, versatile, and scalable e-skin design and structure–performance development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geyuan Jiang
- Key Laboratory on Resources Chemicals and Materials of Ministry of Education, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Key Laboratory on Resources Chemicals and Materials of Ministry of Education, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Wanke Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Kaiyue Cao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Guangwen Xu
- Key Laboratory on Resources Chemicals and Materials of Ministry of Education, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
| | - Dawei Zhao
- Key Laboratory on Resources Chemicals and Materials of Ministry of Education, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, China
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Haipeng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Material Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
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48
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Yin H, Zhu Y, Youssef K, Yu Z, Pei Q. Structures and Materials in Stretchable Electroluminescent Devices. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2106184. [PMID: 34647640 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202106184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Stretchable electroluminescent (EL) devices are obtained by partitioning a large emission area into areas specifically for stretching and light-emission (island-bridge structure). Buckled and textile structures are also shown effective to combine the conventional light emitting diode fabrication with elastic substrates for structure-enabled stretchable EL devices. Meanwhile, intrinsically stretchable EL devices which are characterized with uniform stretchability down to microscopic scale are relatively less developed but promise simpler device structure and higher impact resistance. The challenges in fabricating intrinsically stretchable EL devices with high and robust performance are in many facets, including stretchable conductors, emissive materials, and compatible processes. For the stretchable transparent electrode, ionically conductive gel, conductive polymer coating, and conductor network in surface of elastomer are all proven useful. The stretchable EL materials are currently limited to conjugated polymers, conjugated polymers with surfactants and ionic conductors added to boost stretchability, and phosphor particles embedded in elastomer matrices. These emissive materials operate under different mechanisms, require different electrode materials and fabrication processes, and the corresponding EL devices face distinctive challenges. This review aims to provide a basic understanding of the materials meeting both the mechanical and electronic requirements and important techniques to fabricate the stretchable EL devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hexing Yin
- Soft Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90015, USA
| | - Yuan Zhu
- Soft Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90015, USA
| | - Kareem Youssef
- Soft Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90015, USA
| | - Zhibin Yu
- Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, High-Performance Materials Institute, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32310, USA
| | - Qibing Pei
- Soft Materials Research Laboratory, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90015, USA
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49
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Criado-Gonzalez M, Mecerreyes D. Thioether-based ROS responsive polymers for biomedical applications. J Mater Chem B 2022; 10:7206-7221. [PMID: 35611805 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb00615d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a key role in several biological functions of living organisms such as regulation of cell signalling, production of some hormones, modulation of protein function or mediation of inflammation. In this regard, ROS responsive polymers are ideal candidates for the development of stimuli-responsive biomaterials for target therapies. Among different ROS-responsive polymers, those containing thioether groups are widely investigated in the biomedical field due to their hydrophobic to hydrophilic phase transition under oxidative conditions. This feature makes them able to self-assemble in aqueous solutions forming micellar-type nanoparticles or hydrogels to be mainly used as drug carriers for local therapies in damaged body areas characterized by high ROS production. This review article collects the main findings about the synthesis of thioether-based ROS responsive polymers and polypeptides, their self-assembly properties and ROS responsive behaviour for use as injectable nanoparticles or hydrogels. Afterward, the foremost applications of the thioether-based ROS responsive nanoparticles and hydrogels in the biomedical field, where cancer therapies are a key objective, will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miryam Criado-Gonzalez
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.
| | - David Mecerreyes
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain. .,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
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50
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Wang Y, Haick H, Guo S, Wang C, Lee S, Yokota T, Someya T. Skin bioelectronics towards long-term, continuous health monitoring. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:3759-3793. [PMID: 35420617 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00207h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Skin bioelectronics are considered as an ideal platform for personalised healthcare because of their unique characteristics, such as thinness, light weight, good biocompatibility, excellent mechanical robustness, and great skin conformability. Recent advances in skin-interfaced bioelectronics have promoted various applications in healthcare and precision medicine. Particularly, skin bioelectronics for long-term, continuous health monitoring offer powerful analysis of a broad spectrum of health statuses, providing a route to early disease diagnosis and treatment. In this review, we discuss (1) representative healthcare sensing devices, (2) material and structure selection, device properties, and wireless technologies of skin bioelectronics towards long-term, continuous health monitoring, (3) healthcare applications: acquisition and analysis of electrophysiological, biophysical, and biochemical signals, and comprehensive monitoring, and (4) rational guidelines for the design of future skin bioelectronics for long-term, continuous health monitoring. Long-term, continuous health monitoring of advanced skin bioelectronics will open unprecedented opportunities for timely disease prevention, screening, diagnosis, and treatment, demonstrating great promise to revolutionise traditional medical practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology (GTIIT), Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China.,Technion-Israel Institute of Technology (IIT), Haifa 32000, Israel.,Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials and Technologies for Energy Conversion, Guangdong Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China
| | - Hossam Haick
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Russell Berrie Nanotechnology Institute, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel
| | - Shuyang Guo
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
| | - Chunya Wang
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
| | - Sunghoon Lee
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
| | - Tomoyuki Yokota
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
| | - Takao Someya
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Systems, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
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