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Dai X, Dai Y, Zheng Y, Lv Y. Magnetic nanoparticles and possible synergies with cold atmospheric plasma for cancer treatment. RSC Adv 2024; 14:29039-29051. [PMID: 39282063 PMCID: PMC11391930 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra03837a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The biomedical applications of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have gained increasing attention due to their unique biological, chemical, and magnetic properties such as biocompatibility, chemical stability, and high magnetic susceptibility. However, several critical issues still remain that have significantly halted the clinical translation of these nanomaterials such as the relatively low therapeutic efficacy, hyperthermia resistance, and biosafety concerns. To identify innovative approaches possibly creating synergies with MNPs to resolve or mitigate these problems, we delineated the anti-cancer properties of MNPs and their existing onco-therapeutic portfolios, based on which we proposed cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) to be a possible synergizer of MNPs by enhancing free radical generation, reducing hyperthermia resistance, preventing MNP aggregation, and functioning as an innovative magnetic and light source for magnetothermal- and photo-therapies. Our insights on the possible facilitating role of CAP in translating MNPs for biomedical use may inspire fresh research directions that, once actualized, gain mutual benefits from both.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Dai
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710061 PR China
| | - Yilin Dai
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710061 PR China
| | - Yan Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710061 PR China
| | - Yi Lv
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710061 PR China
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Clemen R, Miebach L, Singer D, Freund E, von Woedtke T, Weltmann K, Bekeschus S. Oxidized Melanoma Antigens Promote Activation and Proliferation of Cytotoxic T-Cell Subpopulations. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2404131. [PMID: 38958560 PMCID: PMC11434111 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202404131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests the role of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) in regulating antitumor immune effects and immunosuppression. RONS modify biomolecules and induce oxidative post-translational modifications (oxPTM) on proteins that can alarm phagocytes. However, it is unclear if and how protein oxidation by technical means could be a strategy to foster antitumor immunity and therapy. To this end, cold gas plasma technology producing various RONS simultaneously to oxidize the two melanoma-associated antigens MART and PMEL is utilized. Cold plasma-oxidized MART (oxMART) and PMEL (oxPMEL) are heavily decorated with oxPTMs as determined by mass spectrometry. Immunization with oxidized MART or PMEL vaccines prior to challenge with viable melanoma cells correlated with significant changes in cytokine secretion and altered T-cell differentiation of tumor-infiltrated leukocytes (TILs). oxMART promoted the activity of cytotoxic central memory T-cells, while oxPMEL led to increased proliferation of cytotoxic effector T-cells. Similar T-cell results are observed after incubating splenocytes of tumor-bearing mice with B16F10 melanoma cells. This study, for the first time, provides evidence of the importance of oxidative modifications of two melanoma-associated antigens in eliciting anticancer immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramona Clemen
- ZIK plasmatisLeibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP)Felix‐Hausdorff‐Str. 217489GreifswaldGermany
| | - Lea Miebach
- ZIK plasmatisLeibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP)Felix‐Hausdorff‐Str. 217489GreifswaldGermany
| | - Debora Singer
- ZIK plasmatisLeibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP)Felix‐Hausdorff‐Str. 217489GreifswaldGermany
- Department of Dermatology and VenerologyRostock University Medical CenterStrempelstr. 1318057RostockGermany
| | - Eric Freund
- ZIK plasmatisLeibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP)Felix‐Hausdorff‐Str. 217489GreifswaldGermany
- Department of NeurosurgeryWien University Medical CenterVienna1090Austria
| | - Thomas von Woedtke
- ZIK plasmatisLeibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP)Felix‐Hausdorff‐Str. 217489GreifswaldGermany
- Institute for Hygiene and Environmental MedicineGreifswald University Medical CenterFerdinand‐Sauerbruch‐Str.17475GreifswaldGermany
| | - Klaus‐Dieter Weltmann
- ZIK plasmatisLeibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP)Felix‐Hausdorff‐Str. 217489GreifswaldGermany
| | - Sander Bekeschus
- ZIK plasmatisLeibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP)Felix‐Hausdorff‐Str. 217489GreifswaldGermany
- Department of Dermatology and VenerologyRostock University Medical CenterStrempelstr. 1318057RostockGermany
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Berner J, Herold L, Martinet A, Miebach L, von Woedke T, Weltmann KD, Emmert S, Boeckmann L, Bekeschus S. Reactive Species Risk Assessment Using Optimized HET-CAM Safety Evaluation of Feed Gas-Modified Gas Plasma Technology and Anticancer Drugs. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:34480-34495. [PMID: 38923892 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c04039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Clinical therapies, including dermatology and oncology, require safe application. In vitro experiments allow only limited conclusions about in vivo effects, while animal studies in, e.g., rodents have ethical constraints at a large scale. Chicken embryos lack pain reception until day 15 postfertilization, making the in ovo model a suitable alternative to in vivo safety assessment. In addition, the hen's egg test on chorioallantoic membrane assay allows irritation potential analysis for topical treatments, but standardized analysis has been limited so far. Medical gas plasma is a topical, routine, approved dermatology treatment. Recent work suggests the potential of this technology in oncology. Its main mode of action is the release of various reactive species simultaneously. Intriguingly, varying plasma feed gas compositions generates customized reactive species profiles previously shown to be optimized for specific applications, such as skin cancer treatment. To support clinical implications, we developed a novel chicken embryo CAM scoring and study scheme and employed the model to analyze 16 different plasma feed gas settings generated by the atmospheric pressure plasmajet kINPen, along with common anticancer drugs (e.g., cisplatin) and physiological mediators (e.g., VEGF). Extensive gas- and liquid-phase plasma reactive species profiling was done and was found to have a surprisingly low correlation with irritation potential parameters. Despite markedly different reactive species patterns, feed gas-modulated kINPen plasma was equally tolerated compared to standard argon plasma. CAM irritation with gas plasmas but not anticancer agents was reversed 48 h after treatment, underlining the only temporary tissue effects of medical gas plasma. Our results indicate a safe therapeutic application of reactive species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Berner
- Clinic and Policlinic for Dermatology and Venerology, Rostock University Medical Center, Strempelstr. 13, 18057 Rostock, Germany
- ZIK Plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), a Member of the Leibniz Health Technologies Research Alliance, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Luise Herold
- ZIK Plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), a Member of the Leibniz Health Technologies Research Alliance, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Oral, Maxillofacial, and Plastic Surgery, Greifswald University Medical Center, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Str., 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Alice Martinet
- Clinic and Policlinic for Dermatology and Venerology, Rostock University Medical Center, Strempelstr. 13, 18057 Rostock, Germany
- ZIK Plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), a Member of the Leibniz Health Technologies Research Alliance, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Lea Miebach
- ZIK Plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), a Member of the Leibniz Health Technologies Research Alliance, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Thomas von Woedke
- ZIK Plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), a Member of the Leibniz Health Technologies Research Alliance, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Klaus-Dieter Weltmann
- ZIK Plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), a Member of the Leibniz Health Technologies Research Alliance, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Steffen Emmert
- Clinic and Policlinic for Dermatology and Venerology, Rostock University Medical Center, Strempelstr. 13, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Lars Boeckmann
- Clinic and Policlinic for Dermatology and Venerology, Rostock University Medical Center, Strempelstr. 13, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Sander Bekeschus
- Clinic and Policlinic for Dermatology and Venerology, Rostock University Medical Center, Strempelstr. 13, 18057 Rostock, Germany
- ZIK Plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), a Member of the Leibniz Health Technologies Research Alliance, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
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Boeckmann L, Berner J, Kordt M, Lenz E, Schäfer M, Semmler ML, Frey A, Sagwal SK, Rebl H, Miebach L, Niessner F, Sawade M, Hein M, Ramer R, Grambow E, Seebauer C, von Woedtke T, Nebe B, Metelmann HR, Langer P, Hinz B, Vollmar B, Emmert S, Bekeschus S. Synergistic effect of cold gas plasma and experimental drug exposure exhibits skin cancer toxicity in vitro and in vivo. J Adv Res 2024; 57:181-196. [PMID: 37391038 PMCID: PMC10918357 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2023.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Skin cancer is often fatal, which motivates new therapy avenues. Recent advances in cancer treatment are indicative of the importance of combination treatments in oncology. Previous studies have identified small molecule-based therapies and redox-based technologies, including photodynamic therapy or medical gas plasma, as promising candidates to target skin cancer. OBJECTIVE We aimed to identify effective combinations of experimental small molecules with cold gas plasma for therapy in dermato-oncology. METHODS Promising drug candidates were identified after screening an in-house 155-compound library using 3D skin cancer spheroids and high content imaging. Combination effects of selected drugs and cold gas plasma were investigated with respect to oxidative stress, invasion, and viability. Drugs that had combined well with cold gas plasma were further investigated in vascularized tumor organoids in ovo and a xenograft mouse melanoma model in vivo. RESULTS The two chromone derivatives Sm837 and IS112 enhanced cold gas plasma-induced oxidative stress, including histone 2A.X phosphorylation, and further reduced proliferation and skin cancer cell viability. Combination treatments of tumor organoids grown in ovo confirmed the principal anti-cancer effect of the selected drugs. While one of the two compounds exerted severe toxicity in vivo, the other (Sm837) resulted in a significant synergistic anti-tumor toxicity at good tolerability. Principal component analysis of protein phosphorylation profiles confirmed profound combination treatment effects in contrast to the monotherapies. CONCLUSION We identified a novel compound that, combined with topical cold gas plasma-induced oxidative stress, represents a novel and promising treatment approach to target skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Boeckmann
- Clinic and Polyclinic for Dermatology and Venereology, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Julia Berner
- Department of Oral, Maxillofacial, and Plastic Surgery, Greifswald University Medical Center, 17475 Greifswald, Germany; ZIK plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Marcel Kordt
- Rudolf-Zenker-Institute of Experimental Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Elea Lenz
- Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Mirijam Schäfer
- Clinic and Polyclinic for Dermatology and Venereology, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Marie-Luise Semmler
- Clinic and Polyclinic for Dermatology and Venereology, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Anna Frey
- Institute for Chemistry, Rostock University, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Sanjeev Kumar Sagwal
- ZIK plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Henrike Rebl
- Department of Cell Biology, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Lea Miebach
- ZIK plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Felix Niessner
- ZIK plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Marie Sawade
- Department of Cell Biology, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Martin Hein
- Institute for Chemistry, Rostock University, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Robert Ramer
- Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Eberhard Grambow
- Rudolf-Zenker-Institute of Experimental Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Christian Seebauer
- Department of Oral, Maxillofacial, and Plastic Surgery, Greifswald University Medical Center, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Thomas von Woedtke
- ZIK plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Barbara Nebe
- Department of Cell Biology, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Hans-Robert Metelmann
- Department of Oral, Maxillofacial, and Plastic Surgery, Greifswald University Medical Center, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Peter Langer
- Institute for Chemistry, Rostock University, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Burkhard Hinz
- Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Brigitte Vollmar
- Rudolf-Zenker-Institute of Experimental Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Steffen Emmert
- Clinic and Polyclinic for Dermatology and Venereology, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany.
| | - Sander Bekeschus
- Clinic and Polyclinic for Dermatology and Venereology, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany; ZIK plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), 17489 Greifswald, Germany.
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5
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Bekeschus S. Gas plasmas technology: from biomolecule redox research to medical therapy. Biochem Soc Trans 2023; 51:2071-2083. [PMID: 38088441 DOI: 10.1042/bst20230014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Physical plasma is one consequence of gas ionization, i.e. its dissociation of electrons and ions. If operated in ambient air containing oxygen and nitrogen, its high reactivity produces various reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) simultaneously. Technology leap innovations in the early 2010s facilitated the generation of gas plasmas aimed at clinics and operated at body temperature, enabling their potential use in medicine. In parallel, their high potency as antimicrobial agents was systematically discovered. In combination with first successful clinical trials, this led in 2013 to the clinical approval of first medical gas plasma devices in Europe for promoting the healing of chronic and infected wounds and ulcers in dermatology. While since then, thousands of patients have benefited from medical gas plasma therapy, only the appreciation of the critical role of gas plasma-derived RONS led to unraveling first fragments of the mechanistic basics of gas plasma-mediated biomedical effects. However, drawing the complete picture of effectors and effects is still challenging. This is because gas plasma-produced RONS not only show a great variety of dozens of types but also each of them having distinct spatio-temporal concentration profiles due to their specific half-lives and reactivity with other types of RONS as well as different types of (bio) molecules they can react with. However, this makes gas plasmas fascinating and highly versatile tools for biomolecular redox research, especially considering that the technical capacity of increasing and decreasing individual RONS types holds excellent potential for tailoring gas plasmas toward specific applications and disease therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sander Bekeschus
- ZIK Plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
- Clinic and Policlinic of Dermatology and Venerology, Rostock University Medical Center, Strempelstr. 13, 18057 Rostock, Germany
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Yang Y, Wang Y, Wei S, Wang X, Zhang J. Effects and Mechanisms of Non-Thermal Plasma-Mediated ROS and Its Applications in Animal Husbandry and Biomedicine. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15889. [PMID: 37958872 PMCID: PMC10648079 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-thermal plasma (NTP) is an ionized gas composed of neutral and charged reactive species, electric fields, and ultraviolet radiation. NTP presents a relatively low discharge temperature because it is characterized by the fact that the temperature values of ions and neutral particles are much lower than that of electrons. Reactive species (atoms, radicals, ions, electrons) are produced in NTP and delivered to biological objects induce a set of biochemical processes in cells or tissues. NTP can mediate reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in an intensity- and time-dependent manner. ROS homeostasis plays an important role in animal health. Relatively low or physiological levels of ROS mediated by NTP promote cell proliferation and differentiation, while high or excessive levels of ROS mediated by NTP cause oxidative stress damage and even cell death. NTP treatment under appropriate conditions not only produces moderate levels of exogenous ROS directly and stimulates intracellular ROS generation, but also can regulate intracellular ROS levels indirectly, which affect the redox state in different cells and tissues of animals. However, the treatment condition of NTP need to be optimized and the potential mechanism of NTP-mediated ROS in different biological targets is still unclear. Over the past ten decades, interest in the application of NTP technology in biology and medical sciences has been rapidly growing. There is significant optimism that NTP can be developed for a wide range of applications such as wound healing, oral treatment, cancer therapy, and biomedical materials because of its safety, non-toxicity, and high efficiency. Moreover, the combined application of NTP with other methods is currently a hot research topic because of more effective effects on sterilization and anti-cancer abilities. Interestingly, NTP technology has presented great application potential in the animal husbandry field in recent years. However, the wide applications of NTP are related to different and complicated mechanisms, and whether NTP-mediated ROS play a critical role in its application need to be clarified. Therefore, this review mainly summarizes the effects of ROS on animal health, the mechanisms of NTP-mediated ROS levels through antioxidant clearance and ROS generation, and the potential applications of NTP-mediated ROS in animal growth and breeding, animal health, animal-derived food safety, and biomedical fields including would healing, oral treatment, cancer therapy, and biomaterials. This will provide a theoretical basis for promoting the healthy development of animal husbandry and the prevention and treatment of diseases in both animals and human beings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jiaojiao Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage and Herbivore, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; (Y.Y.); (Y.W.); (S.W.); (X.W.)
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Miebach L, Melo‐Zainzinger G, Freund E, Clemen R, Cecchini AL, Bekeschus S. Medical Gas Plasma Technology Combines with Antimelanoma Therapies and Promotes Immune-Checkpoint Therapy Responses. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2303183. [PMID: 37541287 PMCID: PMC10558686 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202303183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Strategies to improve activity and selectivity are major goals in oncological drug development. Medical gas plasma therapy has been subject to intense research in dermatooncology recently. Based on partial gas ionization, this approach is exceptional in generating a variety of reactive oxygen species simultaneously that can be applied locally at the tumor side. It is hypothesized that combined gas plasma treatment can potentiate drug responses in the treatment of melanoma. Using a plasma jet approved as medical device in Europe, a systematic screening of 46 mitochondria-targeted drugs identifies five agents synergizing in vitro and in vivo. Increased intratumoral leucocyte infiltration points to immunomodulatory aspects of the treatment, motivating to investigate responses to immune checkpoint blockade in combination with plasma. Tumor growth is monitored based on bioluminescent imaging, and single-cell suspensions are retrieved from each tumor to characterize tumor-infiltrating leucocytes using multicolor flow cytometry. Gene expression profiling is done using a validated NanoString panel targeting 770 genes specifically designed for immuno-oncological research. Cell type abundancies are characterized from bulk RNA samples using the CIBERSORT computational framework. Collectively, the results indicate that local application of medical gas plasma technology synergizes with mitochondria-targeted drugs and anti-PD1 checkpoint therapy in treating melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Miebach
- Department of General, Thoracic, Vascular, and Visceral SurgeryGreifswald University Medical Center17475GreifswaldGermany
- ZIK plasmatisLeibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP)17489GreifswaldGermany
| | - Gabriella Melo‐Zainzinger
- ZIK plasmatisLeibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP)17489GreifswaldGermany
- Cancer Research UnitBoehringer IngelheimVienna1121Austria
| | - Eric Freund
- Department of General, Thoracic, Vascular, and Visceral SurgeryGreifswald University Medical Center17475GreifswaldGermany
- ZIK plasmatisLeibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP)17489GreifswaldGermany
- Department of NeurosurgeryWien University Medical CenterVienna1090Austria
| | - Ramona Clemen
- ZIK plasmatisLeibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP)17489GreifswaldGermany
| | | | - Sander Bekeschus
- ZIK plasmatisLeibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP)17489GreifswaldGermany
- Clinic for Dermatology and VenerologyRostock University Medical Center18057RostockGermany
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Bekeschus S. Medical gas plasma technology: Roadmap on cancer treatment and immunotherapy. Redox Biol 2023; 65:102798. [PMID: 37556976 PMCID: PMC10433236 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite continuous therapeutic progress, cancer remains an often fatal disease. In the early 2010s, first evidence in rodent models suggested promising antitumor action of gas plasma technology. Medical gas plasma is a partially ionized gas depositing multiple physico-chemical effectors onto tissues, especially reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS). Today, an evergrowing body of experimental evidence suggests multifaceted roles of medical gas plasma-derived therapeutic ROS/RNS in targeting cancer alone or in combination with oncological treatment schemes such as ionizing radiation, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy. Intriguingly, gas plasma technology was recently unraveled to have an immunological dimension by inducing immunogenic cell death, which could ultimately promote existing cancer immunotherapies via in situ or autologous tumor vaccine schemes. Together with first clinical evidence reporting beneficial effects in cancer patients following gas plasma therapy, it is time to summarize the main concepts along with the chances and limitations of medical gas plasma onco-therapy from a biological, immunological, clinical, and technological point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sander Bekeschus
- ZIK plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489, Greifswald, Germany; Clinic and Policlinic for Dermatology and Venerology, Rostock University Medical Center, Strempelstr. 13, 18057, Rostock, Germany.
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Ahmadi M, Singer D, Potlitz F, Nasri Z, von Woedtke T, Link A, Bekeschus S, Wende K. Cold Physical Plasma-Mediated Fenretinide Prodrug Activation Confers Additive Cytotoxicity in Epithelial Cells. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1271. [PMID: 37372001 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cold physical plasma is a partially ionized gas operated at body temperature and utilized for heat-sensitive technical and medical purposes. Physical plasma is a multi-component system consisting of, e.g., reactive species, ions and electrons, electric fields, and UV light. Therefore, cold plasma technology is an interesting tool for introducing biomolecule oxidative modifications. This concept can be extended to anticancer drugs, including prodrugs, which could be activated in situ to enhance local anticancer effects. To this end, we performed a proof-of-concept study on the oxidative prodrug activation of a tailor-made boronic pinacol ester fenretinide treated with the atmospheric pressure argon plasma jet kINPen operated with either argon, argon-hydrogen, or argon-oxygen feed gas. Fenretinide release from the prodrug was triggered via Baeyer-Villiger-type oxidation of the boron-carbon bond based on hydrogen peroxide and peroxynitrite, which were generated by plasma processes and chemical addition using mass spectrometry. Fenretinide activation led to additive cytotoxic effects in three epithelial cell lines in vitro compared to the effects of cold plasma treatment alone regarding metabolic activity reduction and an increase in terminal cell death, suggesting that cold physical plasma-mediated prodrug activation is a new direction for combination cancer treatment studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Ahmadi
- ZIK plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Felix Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Debora Singer
- ZIK plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Felix Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
- Clinic and Policlinic for Dermatology and Venereology, Rostock University Medical Center, Strempelstr. 13, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Felix Potlitz
- Institute of Pharmacy, Greifswald University, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Str. 17, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Zahra Nasri
- ZIK plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Felix Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Thomas von Woedtke
- ZIK plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Felix Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
- Institute for Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, Greifswald University Medical Center, Sauerbruchstr., 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Andreas Link
- Institute of Pharmacy, Greifswald University, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Str. 17, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sander Bekeschus
- ZIK plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Felix Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
- Clinic and Policlinic for Dermatology and Venereology, Rostock University Medical Center, Strempelstr. 13, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Kristian Wende
- ZIK plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Felix Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
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Chen J, Wang Z, Sun J, Zhou R, Guo L, Zhang H, Liu D, Rong M, Ostrikov KK. Plasma-Activated Hydrogels for Microbial Disinfection. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2207407. [PMID: 36929325 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202207407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
A continuous risk from microbial infections poses a major environmental and public health challenge. As an emerging strategy for inhibiting bacterial infections, plasma-activated water (PAW) has proved to be highly effective, environmental-friendly, and non-drug resistant to a broad range of microorganisms. However, the relatively short lifetime of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) and the high spreadability of liquid PAW inevitably limit its real-life applications. In this study, plasma-activated hydrogel (PAH) is developed to act as reactive species carrier that allow good storage and controlled slow-release of RONS to achieve long-term antibacterial effects. Three hydrogel materials, including hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), carbomer 940 (Carbomer), and acryloyldimethylammonium taurate/VP copolymer (AVC) are selected, and their antibacterial performances under different plasma activation conditions are investigated. It is shown that the composition of the gels plays the key role in determining their biochemical functions after the plasma activation. The antimicrobial performance of AVC is much better than that of PAW and the other two hydrogels, along with the excellent stability to maintain the antimicrobial activity for more than 14 days. The revealed mechanism of the antibacterial ability of the PAH identifies the unique combination of short-lived species (1 O2 , ∙OH, ONOO- and O2 - ) stored in hydrogels. Overall, this study demonstrates the efficacy and reveals the mechanisms of the PAH as an effective and long-term disinfectant capable of delivering and preserving antibacterial chemistries for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinkun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Centre for Plasma Biomedicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an City, 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Zifeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Centre for Plasma Biomedicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an City, 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiachen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Centre for Plasma Biomedicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an City, 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Renwu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Centre for Plasma Biomedicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an City, 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Centre for Plasma Biomedicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an City, 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Centre for Plasma Biomedicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an City, 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Dingxin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Centre for Plasma Biomedicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an City, 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingzhe Rong
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Centre for Plasma Biomedicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an City, 710049, People's Republic of China
| | - Kostya Ken Ostrikov
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Centre for Materials Science, and Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
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11
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Živanić M, Espona‐Noguera A, Lin A, Canal C. Current State of Cold Atmospheric Plasma and Cancer-Immunity Cycle: Therapeutic Relevance and Overcoming Clinical Limitations Using Hydrogels. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2205803. [PMID: 36670068 PMCID: PMC10015903 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202205803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) is a partially ionized gas that gains attention as a well-tolerated cancer treatment that can enhance anti-tumor immune responses, which are important for durable therapeutic effects. This review offers a comprehensive and critical summary on the current understanding of mechanisms in which CAP can assist anti-tumor immunity: induction of immunogenic cell death, oxidative post-translational modifications of the tumor and its microenvironment, epigenetic regulation of aberrant gene expression, and enhancement of immune cell functions. This should provide a rationale for the effective and meaningful clinical implementation of CAP. As discussed here, despite its potential, CAP faces different clinical limitations associated with the current CAP treatment modalities: direct exposure of cancerous cells to plasma, and indirect treatment through injection of plasma-treated liquids in the tumor. To this end, a novel modality is proposed: plasma-treated hydrogels (PTHs) that can not only help overcome some of the clinical limitations but also offer a convenient platform for combining CAP with existing drugs to improve therapeutic responses and contribute to the clinical translation of CAP. Finally, by integrating expertise in biomaterials and plasma medicine, practical considerations and prospective for the development of PTHs are offered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milica Živanić
- BiomaterialsBiomechanics and Tissue Engineering GroupDepartment of Materials Science and EngineeringEscola d'Enginyeria Barcelona Est (EEBE)and Research Centre for Biomedical Engineering (CREB)Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)c/Eduard Maristany 14Barcelona08019Spain
- Biomaterials and Tissue EngineeringInstitut de Recerca Sant Joan de DéuSanta Rosa 39–57Esplugues de Llobregat08950Spain
- Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine‐Antwerp (PLASMANT)Department of ChemistryUniversity of AntwerpUniversiteitsplein 1Wilrijk‐Antwerp2610Belgium
| | - Albert Espona‐Noguera
- BiomaterialsBiomechanics and Tissue Engineering GroupDepartment of Materials Science and EngineeringEscola d'Enginyeria Barcelona Est (EEBE)and Research Centre for Biomedical Engineering (CREB)Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)c/Eduard Maristany 14Barcelona08019Spain
- Biomaterials and Tissue EngineeringInstitut de Recerca Sant Joan de DéuSanta Rosa 39–57Esplugues de Llobregat08950Spain
| | - Abraham Lin
- Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine‐Antwerp (PLASMANT)Department of ChemistryUniversity of AntwerpUniversiteitsplein 1Wilrijk‐Antwerp2610Belgium
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE)Integrated Personalized & Precision Oncology Network (IPPON)University of AntwerpUniversiteitsplein 1Wilrijk‐Antwerp2610Belgium
| | - Cristina Canal
- BiomaterialsBiomechanics and Tissue Engineering GroupDepartment of Materials Science and EngineeringEscola d'Enginyeria Barcelona Est (EEBE)and Research Centre for Biomedical Engineering (CREB)Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC)c/Eduard Maristany 14Barcelona08019Spain
- Biomaterials and Tissue EngineeringInstitut de Recerca Sant Joan de DéuSanta Rosa 39–57Esplugues de Llobregat08950Spain
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12
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Lin A, Sahun M, Biscop E, Verswyvel H, De Waele J, De Backer J, Theys C, Cuypers B, Laukens K, Berghe WV, Smits E, Bogaerts A. Acquired non-thermal plasma resistance mediates a shift towards aerobic glycolysis and ferroptotic cell death in melanoma. Drug Resist Updat 2023; 67:100914. [PMID: 36630862 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2022.100914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To gain insights into the underlying mechanisms of NTP therapy sensitivity and resistance, using the first-ever NTP-resistant cell line derived from sensitive melanoma cells (A375). METHODS Melanoma cells were exposed to NTP and re-cultured for 12 consecutive weeks before evaluation against the parental control cells. Whole transcriptome sequencing analysis was performed to identify differentially expressed genes and enriched molecular pathways. Glucose uptake, extracellular lactate, media acidification, and mitochondrial respiration was analyzed to determine metabolic changes. Cell death inhibitors were used to assess the NTP-induced cell death mechanisms, and apoptosis and ferroptosis was further validated via Annexin V, Caspase 3/7, and lipid peroxidation analysis. RESULTS Cells continuously exposed to NTP became 10 times more resistant to NTP compared to the parental cell line of the same passage, based on their half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50). Sequencing and metabolic analysis indicated that NTP-resistant cells had a preference towards aerobic glycolysis, while cell death analysis revealed that NTP-resistant cells exhibited less apoptosis but were more vulnerable to lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis. CONCLUSIONS A preference towards aerobic glycolysis and ferroptotic cell death are key physiological changes in NTP-resistance cells, which opens new avenues for further, in-depth research into other cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abraham Lin
- Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine-ANTwerp (PLASMANT), University of Antwerp, Antwerp-Wilrijk, Belgium; Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, Antwerp-Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - Maxime Sahun
- Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine-ANTwerp (PLASMANT), University of Antwerp, Antwerp-Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Eline Biscop
- Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine-ANTwerp (PLASMANT), University of Antwerp, Antwerp-Wilrijk, Belgium; Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, Antwerp-Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Hanne Verswyvel
- Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine-ANTwerp (PLASMANT), University of Antwerp, Antwerp-Wilrijk, Belgium; Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, Antwerp-Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Jorrit De Waele
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, Antwerp-Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Joey De Backer
- Protein Chemistry, Proteomics, and Epigenetic Signalling, University of Antwerp, Antwerp-Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Claudia Theys
- Protein Chemistry, Proteomics, and Epigenetic Signalling, University of Antwerp, Antwerp-Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Bart Cuypers
- Adrem Data Lab, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Kris Laukens
- Adrem Data Lab, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Wim Vanden Berghe
- Protein Chemistry, Proteomics, and Epigenetic Signalling, University of Antwerp, Antwerp-Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Evelien Smits
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, Antwerp-Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Annemie Bogaerts
- Plasma Lab for Applications in Sustainability and Medicine-ANTwerp (PLASMANT), University of Antwerp, Antwerp-Wilrijk, Belgium
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13
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Sutter J, Bruggeman PJ, Wigdahl B, Krebs FC, Miller V. Manipulation of Oxidative Stress Responses by Non-Thermal Plasma to Treat Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Infection and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:4673. [PMID: 36902102 PMCID: PMC10003306 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a contagious pathogen with a large global footprint, due to its ability to cause lifelong infection in patients. Current antiviral therapies are effective in limiting viral replication in the epithelial cells to alleviate clinical symptoms, but ineffective in eliminating latent viral reservoirs in neurons. Much of HSV-1 pathogenesis is dependent on its ability to manipulate oxidative stress responses to craft a cellular environment that favors HSV-1 replication. However, to maintain redox homeostasis and to promote antiviral immune responses, the infected cell can upregulate reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) while having a tight control on antioxidant concentrations to prevent cellular damage. Non-thermal plasma (NTP), which we propose as a potential therapy alternative directed against HSV-1 infection, is a means to deliver RONS that affect redox homeostasis in the infected cell. This review emphasizes how NTP can be an effective therapy for HSV-1 infections through the direct antiviral activity of RONS and via immunomodulatory changes in the infected cells that will stimulate anti-HSV-1 adaptive immune responses. Overall, NTP application can control HSV-1 replication and address the challenges of latency by decreasing the size of the viral reservoir in the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Sutter
- Center for Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
| | - Peter J. Bruggeman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Brian Wigdahl
- Center for Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
| | - Fred C. Krebs
- Center for Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
| | - Vandana Miller
- Center for Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
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14
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Understanding the Role of Plasma Bullet Currents in Heating Skin to Mitigate Risks of Thermal Damage Caused by Low-Temperature Atmospheric-Pressure Plasma Jets. PLASMA 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/plasma6010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Low-temperature atmospheric-pressure plasma jets are generally considered a safe medical technology with no significant long-term side effects in clinical studies reported to date. However, there are studies emerging that show plasma jets can cause significant side effects in the form of skin burns under certain conditions. Therefore, with a view of developing safer plasma treatment approaches, in this study we have set out to provide new insights into the cause of these skin burns and how to tailor plasma treatments to mitigate these effects. We discovered that joule heating by the plasma bullet currents is responsible for creating skin burns during helium plasma jet treatment of live mice. These burns can be mitigated by treating the mice at a further distance so that the visible plasma plume does not contact the skin. Under these treatment conditions we also show that the plasma jet treatment still retains its medically beneficial property of producing reactive oxygen species in vivo. Therefore, treatment distance is an important parameter for consideration when assessing the safety of medical plasma treatments.
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15
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Wang F, Li C, Zhang R, Liu Y, Lin H, Nan L, Khan MA, Xiao Y, Shum HC, Deng H. A composition-tunable cold atmospheric plasma chip for multiplex-treatment of cells. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:580-590. [PMID: 36644992 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00951j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cold atmospheric plasma treatment promises a targeted cancer therapy due to its selectivity and specificity in killing tumor cells. However, the current plasma exposure devices produce diverse and coupled reactive species, impeding the investigation of the underlying plasma-anticancer mechanisms. Also, the limited mono-sample and mono-dosage treatment modality result in tedious and manual experimental tasks. Here, we propose a cold atmospheric plasma chip producing targeted species, delivering multiple dosages, and treating multiple cell lines in a single treatment. Three modules are integrated into the chip. The environment control module and multi-inlet gas-feed module coordinately ignite component-tunable and uniformly distributed plasma. The multi-sample holding module enables multiplex treatment: multi-sample and -dosage treatment with single radiation. By exposing the HepG2 cell line to nitrogen-feed plasmas, we prove the crucial role of nitrogen-based species in inhibiting cell growth and stimulating apoptosis. By loading four-type cell lines on our chip, we can identify the most vulnerable cell line for plasma oncotherapy. Simultaneously, three-level treatment dosages are imposed on the cells with single radiation to optimize the applicable treatment dosage for plasma oncotherapy. Our chip will broaden the design principles of plasma exposure devices, potentially help clarify plasma-induced anticancer mechanisms, and guide the clinical application of plasma-based oncotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Chang Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Ruotong Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Haisong Lin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Lang Nan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Muhammad Ajmal Khan
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yang Xiao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Ho Cheung Shum
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Hui Deng
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
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16
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Förster S, Niu Y, Eggers B, Nokhbehsaim M, Kramer FJ, Bekeschus S, Mustea A, Stope MB. Modulation of the Tumor-Associated Immuno-Environment by Non-Invasive Physical Plasma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15041073. [PMID: 36831415 PMCID: PMC9953794 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past 15 years, investigating the efficacy of non-invasive physical plasma (NIPP) in cancer treatment as a safe oxidative stress inducer has become an active area of research. So far, most studies focused on the NIPP-induced apoptotic death of tumor cells. However, whether NIPP plays a role in the anti-tumor immune responses need to be deciphered in detail. In this review, we summarized the current knowledge of the potential effects of NIPP on immune cells, tumor-immune interactions, and the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. In general, relying on their inherent anti-oxidative defense systems, immune cells show a more resistant character than cancer cells in the NIPP-induced apoptosis, which is an important reason why NIPP is considered promising in cancer management. Moreover, NIPP treatment induces immunogenic cell death of cancer cells, leading to maturation of dendritic cells and activation of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells to further eliminate the cancer cells. Some studies also suggest that NIPP treatment may promote anti-tumor immune responses via other mechanisms such as inhibiting tumor angiogenesis and the desmoplasia of tumor stroma. Though more evidence is required, we expect a bright future for applying NIPP in clinical cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Förster
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Bonn, 35127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Yuequn Niu
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital Bonn, 35127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Benedikt Eggers
- Department of Oral, Maxillofacial and Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, 53111 Bonn, Germany
| | - Marjan Nokhbehsaim
- Section of Experimental Dento-Maxillo-Facial Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, 53111 Bonn, Germany
| | - Franz-Josef Kramer
- Department of Oral, Maxillofacial and Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, 53111 Bonn, Germany
| | - Sander Bekeschus
- ZIK Plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Alexander Mustea
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecological Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Matthias B. Stope
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecological Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-228-287-11361
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17
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Argon Humidification Exacerbates Antimicrobial and Anti-MRSA kINPen Plasma Activity. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13020257. [PMID: 36836614 PMCID: PMC9968137 DOI: 10.3390/life13020257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Gas plasma is a medical technology with antimicrobial properties. Its main mode of action is oxidative damage via reactive species production. The clinical efficacy of gas plasma-reduced bacterial burden has been shown to be hampered in some cases. Since the reactive species profile produced by gas plasma jets, such as the kINPen used in this study, are thought to determine antimicrobial efficacy, we screened an array of feed gas settings in different types of bacteria. Antimicrobial analysis was performed by single-cell analysis using flow cytometry. We identified humidified feed gas to mediate significantly greater toxicity compared to dry argon and many other gas plasma conditions. The results were confirmed by inhibition zone analysis on gas-plasma-treated microbial lawns grown on agar plates. Our results may have vital implications for clinical wound management and potentially enhance antimicrobial efficacy of medical gas plasma therapy in patient treatment.
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18
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Clemen R, Arlt K, von Woedtke T, Bekeschus S. Gas Plasma Protein Oxidation Increases Immunogenicity and Human Antigen-Presenting Cell Maturation and Activation. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:1814. [PMID: 36366323 PMCID: PMC9698879 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10111814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein vaccines rely on eliciting immune responses. Inflammation is a prerequisite for immune responses to control infection and cancer but is also associated with disease onset. Reactive oxygen species (ROSs) are central during inflammation and are capable of inducing non-enzymatic oxidative protein modifications (oxMods) associated with chronic disease, which alter the functionality or immunogenicity of proteins that are relevant in cancer immunotherapy. Specifically, antigen-presenting cells (APCs) take up and degrade extracellular native and oxidized proteins to induce adaptive immune responses. However, it is less clear how oxMods alter the protein's immunogenicity, especially in inflammation-related short-lived reactive species. Gas plasma technology simultaneously generates a multitude of ROSs to modify protein antigens in a targeted and controlled manner to study the immunogenicity of oxMods. As model proteins relevant to chronic inflammation and cancer, we used gas plasma-treated insulin and CXCL8. We added those native or oxidized proteins to human THP-1 monocytes or primary monocyte-derived cells (moDCs). Both oxidized proteins caused concentration-independent maturation phenotype alterations in moDCs and THP-1 cells concerning surface marker expression and chemokine and cytokine secretion profiles. Interestingly, concentration-matched H2O2-treated proteins did not recapitulate the effects of gas plasma, suggesting sufficiently short diffusion distances for the short-lived reactive species to modify proteins. Our data provide evidence of dendric cell maturation and activation upon exposure to gas plasma- but not H2O2-modified model proteins. The biological consequences of these findings need to be elucidated in future inflammation and cancer disease models.
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19
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Singer D, Ressel V, Stope MB, Bekeschus S. Heat Shock Protein 27 Affects Myeloid Cell Activation and Interaction with Prostate Cancer Cells. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10092192. [PMID: 36140293 PMCID: PMC9496253 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock proteins are cytoprotective molecules induced by environmental stresses. The small heat shock protein 27 (Hsp27) is highly expressed under oxidative stress conditions, mediating anti-oxidative effects and blocking apoptosis. Since medical gas plasma treatment subjects cancer cells to a multitude of reactive oxygen species (ROS), inducing apoptosis and immunomodulation, probable effects of Hsp27 should be investigated. To this end, we quantified the extracellular Hsp27 in two prostate cancer cell lines (LNCaP, PC-3) after gas plasma-induced oxidative stress, showing a significantly enhanced release. To investigate immunomodulatory effects, two myeloid cell lines (THP-1 and HL-60) were also exposed to Hsp27. Only negligible effects on viability, intracellular oxidative milieu, and secretion profiles of the myeloid cells were found when cultured alone. Interestingly, prostate cancer-myeloid cell co-cultures showed altered secretion profiles with a significant decrease in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) release. Furthermore, the myeloid surface marker profiles were changed, indicating an enhanced differentiation in co-culture upon Hsp27 treatment. Finally, we investigated morphological changes, proliferation, and interaction with prostate cancer cells, and found significant alterations in the myeloid cells, supporting the tendency to differentiate. Collectively, our results suggest an ambiguous effect of Hsp27 on myeloid cells in the presence of prostate cancer cells which needs to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debora Singer
- ZIK plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Verena Ressel
- ZIK plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
- Clinic and Policlinic for Urology, Greifswald University Medical Center, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Str., 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Matthias B. Stope
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecological Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Sander Bekeschus
- ZIK plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
- Correspondence:
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20
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Chen Z, Bai F, Jonas SJ, Wirz RE. Cold atmospheric plasma for addressing the COVID-19 pandemic. PLASMA PROCESSES AND POLYMERS (PRINT) 2022; 19:2200012. [PMID: 35574246 PMCID: PMC9088580 DOI: 10.1002/ppap.202200012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has greatly stressed the global community, exposing vulnerabilities in the supply chains for disinfection materials, personal protective equipment, and medical resources worldwide. Disinfection methods based on cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) technologies offer an intriguing solution to many of these challenges because they are easily deployable and do not require resource-constrained consumables or reagents needed for conventional decontamination practices. CAP technologies have shown great promise for a wide range of medical applications from wound healing and cancer treatment to sterilization methods to mitigate airborne and fomite transfer of viruses. This review engages the broader community of scientists and engineers that wish to help the medical community with the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic by establishing methods to utilize broadly applicable CAP technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhitong Chen
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Advanced Therapy CenterNational Innovation Center for Advanced Medical DevicesShenzhenPeople's Republic of China
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenPeople's Republic of China
| | - Fan Bai
- Advanced Therapy CenterNational Innovation Center for Advanced Medical DevicesShenzhenPeople's Republic of China
- Institute of Biomedical and Health Engineering, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhenPeople's Republic of China
| | - Steven J. Jonas
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of MedicineUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- California NanoSystems InstituteUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
- Eli & Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell ResearchUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
| | - Richard E. Wirz
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace EngineeringUniversity of California, Los AngelesLos AngelesCaliforniaUSA
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Gelbrich N, Miebach L, Berner J, Freund E, Saadati F, Schmidt A, Stope M, Zimmermann U, Burchardt M, Bekeschus S. Non-invasive medical gas plasma augments bladder cancer cell toxicity in preclinical models and patient-derived tumor tissues. J Adv Res 2022; 47:209-223. [PMID: 35931323 PMCID: PMC10173201 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2022.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Medical gas plasma therapy has been successfully applied to several types of cancer in preclinical models. First palliative tumor patients suffering from advanced head and neck cancer benefited from this novel therapeutic modality. The gas plasma-induced biological effects of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) generated in the plasma gas phase result in oxidation-induced lethal damage to tumor cells. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to verify these anti-tumor effects of gas plasma exposure on urinary bladder cancer. METHODS 2D cell culture models, 3D tumor spheroids, 3D vascularized tumors grown on the chicken chorion-allantois-membrane (CAM) in ovo, and patient-derived primary cancer tissue gas plasma-treated ex vivo were used. RESULTS Gas plasma treatment led to oxidation, growth retardation, motility inhibition, and cell death in 2D and 3D tumor models. A marked decline in tumor growth was also observed in the tumors grown in ovo. In addition, results of gas plasma treatment on primary urothelial carcinoma tissues ex vivo highlighted the selective tumor-toxic effects as non-malignant tissue exposed to gas plasma was less affected. Whole-transcriptome gene expression analysis revealed downregulation of tumor-promoting fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) accompanied by upregulation of apoptosis-inducing factor 2 (AIFm2), which plays a central role in caspase-independent cell death signaling. CONCLUSION Gas plasma treatment induced cytotoxicity in patient-derived cancer tissue and slowed tumor growth in an organoid model of urinary bladder carcinoma, along with less severe effects in non-malignant tissues. Studies on the potential clinical benefits of this local and safe ROS therapy are awaited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Gelbrich
- Clinic and Policlinic for Urology, Greifswald University Medical Center, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Str., 17475 Greifswald, Germany; ZIK plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Lea Miebach
- ZIK plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; Clinic and Policlinic for General, Visceral, Thoracic, and Vascular Surgery, Greifswald University Medical Center, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Str., 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Julia Berner
- ZIK plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; Clinic and Policlinic for Oral, Maxillofacial, and Plastic Surgery, Greifswald University Medical Center, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Str., 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Eric Freund
- ZIK plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; Clinic and Policlinic for General, Visceral, Thoracic, and Vascular Surgery, Greifswald University Medical Center, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Str., 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Fariba Saadati
- ZIK plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; Clinic and Policlinic of Dermatology and Venerology, Rostock University Medical Center, Stempelstr. 13, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Anke Schmidt
- ZIK plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Matthias Stope
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecological Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Uwe Zimmermann
- Clinic and Policlinic for Urology, Greifswald University Medical Center, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Str., 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Martin Burchardt
- Clinic and Policlinic for Urology, Greifswald University Medical Center, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Str., 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sander Bekeschus
- ZIK plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany.
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22
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Bekeschus S, Saadati F, Emmert S. The potential of gas plasma technology for targeting breast cancer. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e1022. [PMID: 35994412 PMCID: PMC9394754 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite therapeutic improvements in recent years, breast cancer remains an often fatal disease. In addition, breast cancer ulceration may occur during late stages, further complicating therapeutic or palliative interventions. In the past decade, a novel technology received significant attention in the medical field: gas plasma. This topical treatment relies on the partial ionization of gases that simultaneously produce a plethora of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS). Such local ROS/RNS overload inactivates tumour cells in a non-necrotic manner and was recently identified to induce immunogenic cancer cell death (ICD). ICD promotes dendritic cell maturation and amplifies antitumour immunity capable of targeting breast cancer metastases. Gas plasma technology was also shown to provide additive toxicity in combination with radio and chemotherapy and re-sensitized drug-resistant breast cancer cells. This work outlines the assets of gas plasma technology as a novel tool for targeting breast cancer by summarizing the action of plasma devices, the roles of ROS, signalling pathways, modes of cell death, combination therapies and immunological consequences of gas plasma exposure in breast cancer cells in vitro, in vivo, and in patient-derived microtissues ex vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sander Bekeschus
- ZIK plasmatisLeibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP)GreifswaldGermany
| | - Fariba Saadati
- ZIK plasmatisLeibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP)GreifswaldGermany
- Clinic and Policlinic for Dermatology and VenereologyRostock University Medical CenterRostockGermany
| | - Steffen Emmert
- Clinic and Policlinic for Dermatology and VenereologyRostock University Medical CenterRostockGermany
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Miebach L, Freund E, Cecchini AL, Bekeschus S. Conductive Gas Plasma Treatment Augments Tumor Toxicity of Ringer's Lactate Solutions in a Model of Peritoneal Carcinomatosis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081439. [PMID: 35892641 PMCID: PMC9331608 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive species generated by medical gas plasma technology can be enriched in liquids for use in oncology targeting disseminated malignancies, such as metastatic colorectal cancer. Notwithstanding, reactive species quantities depend on the treatment mode, and we recently showed gas plasma exposure in conductive modes to be superior for cancer tissue treatment. However, evidence is lacking that such a conductive mode also equips gas plasma-treated liquids to confer augmented intraperitoneal anticancer activity. To this end, employing atmospheric pressure argon plasma jet kINPen-treated Ringer's lactate (oxRilac) in a CT26-model of colorectal peritoneal carcinomatosis, we tested repeated intraabdominal injection of such remotely or conductively oxidized liquid for antitumor control and immunomodulation. Enhanced reactive species formation in conductive mode correlated with reduced tumor burden in vivo, emphasizing the advantage of conduction over the free mode for plasma-conditioned liquids. Interestingly, the infiltration of lymphocytes into the tumors was equally enhanced by both treatments. However, significantly lower levels of interleukin (IL)4 and IL13 and increased levels of IL2 argue for a shift in intratumoral T-helper cell subpopulations correlating with disease control. In conclusion, our data argue for using conductively over remotely prepared plasma-treated liquids for anticancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Miebach
- ZIK plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; (L.M.); (E.F.)
- Department of General, Visceral, Thoracic, and Vascular Surgery, Greifswald University Medical Center, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Str., 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Eric Freund
- ZIK plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; (L.M.); (E.F.)
- Department of General, Visceral, Thoracic, and Vascular Surgery, Greifswald University Medical Center, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Str., 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Alessandra Lourenço Cecchini
- Department of General Pathology, State University of Londrina, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, Londrina 86051-990, Brazil;
| | - Sander Bekeschus
- ZIK plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany; (L.M.); (E.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-3834-554-3948
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24
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Differential Sensitivity of Two Leukemia Cell Lines towards Two Major Gas Plasma Products Hydrogen Peroxide and Hypochlorous Acid. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12157429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress has major implications for health and disease. At the same time, the term collectively describes the reactions to different types of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidants, including hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and hypochlorous acid (HOCl). However, how both compare in terms of cytotoxicity and mechanism of action is less known. Using two leukemia cell lines, Jurkat and THP-1, as model systems at similar cell concentrations, we found an 8-fold greater sensitivity of the former over the latter for H2O2 exposure. Unexpectantly, this was not the case with HOCl exposure. Jurkat cells were 2-fold more resistant to HOCl-induced cytotoxicity than THP-1 cells. In each cell type, the relatively more toxic oxidant also induced activation of caspases 3 and 7 at earlier time points, as time-lapse fluorescence microscopy revealed. The effects observed did not markedly correlate with changes in intracellular GSH and GSSG levels. In addition, siRNA-mediated knockdown of the Nrf2 target HMOX-1 encoding for HO-1 protein and the growth and survival factor IL-8 revealed Jurkat cells to become more sensitive to HOCl, while HO-1 and IL-8 siRNA-mediated knockdown in THP-1 cells produced greater sensitivity towards H2O2. siRNA-mediated knockdown of catalase increased oxidant sensitivity only negligibly. Collectively, the data suggest striking HOCl-resistance of Jurkat and H2O2 resistance of THP-1 cells, showing similar protective roles of HO-1 and IL-8, while caspase activation kinetics differ.
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25
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P R S, K S, S Y. Cold atmospheric plasma-induced oxidative stress and ensuing immunological response - a Neo-Vista in immunotherapy. Free Radic Res 2022; 56:498-510. [PMID: 36282274 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2022.2139691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Plasma, the fourth state of matter could be artificially generated at room temperature under atmospheric pressure - termed as cold atmospheric plasma (CAP). The reactive oxygen and nitrogen radicals emanated during plasma discharge accord manifold applications in medicine and have proven clinical applications in cancer treatment, dentistry, and dermatology. Developments in the field termed "Plasma medicine" has inclined research toward its prospects in immunotherapy. Controlled generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen radicals during plasma formation produces oxidative stress on tissue of concern, selectively and activates a number of cytological and molecular reactions, triggering immunological response. Plasma treatment induces immunogenic cell death (ICD) in tumor cells and elicits enhanced adaptive and systemic immune response with memory cells, conferring better defense to cancer. HIV inactivation, reduced viral replication, reversal of latency in HIV-infected cells, and augmented infected cell opsonization has been observed with CAP treatment. Plasma-treated medium has shown to deactivate Herpes simplex virus (HSV-1) in human corneal explants and epithelial cells, and lessen the severity of herpes simplex keratitis. Perception of cellular changes that triggers innate and adaptive immune response during CAP treatment is quintessential for understanding and expansion of research in this arena. This review mentions the inimitable properties of plasma that makes it a safe and sensitive immunotherapeutic tool. The methods of plasma generation relied for the purpose are elucidated. The cellular mechanism of immunological stimulation in cancer, HIV, and keratitis during CAP treatment is detailed. The future prospects and challenges are briefly addressed.HighlightsReactive oxygen and nitrogen radicals produced by cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) triggers oxidative stress in exposed cells.Cells in oxidative stress incite immunological response that could be suitably manipulated for immunotherapy.The role of reactive radicals and methods of plasma generation for immunotherapy is elucidated.The cellular and molecular cascade of reactions leading to immunological cell death in cancer cells is detailed.The mechanism of HIV inactivation and reduced infection; further, deactivation of HSV in Herpes keratitis in intact human corneal explants is also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreedevi P R
- Department of Physics, Surface and Environmental Control Plasma Laboratory, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Suresh K
- Department of Physics, Surface and Environmental Control Plasma Laboratory, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Yugeswaran S
- Department of Physics, Applied Thermal Plasma Laboratory, Pondicherry University, Pondicherry, India
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26
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Wang T, Xu H. Multi-faced roles of reactive oxygen species in anti-tumor T cell immune responses and combination immunotherapy. EXPLORATION OF MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.37349/emed.2022.00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
T cells play a central role in anti-tumor immunity, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) lie at the crossroad on the anti-tumor T cell responses. To activate efficient T cell immunity, a moderate level of ROS is needed, however, excessive ROS would cause toxicity to the T cells, because the improper level leads to the formation and maintenance of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Up to date, strategies that modulate ROS, either increasing or decreasing, have been widely investigated. Some of them are utilized in anti-tumor therapies, showing inevitable impacts on the anti-tumor T cell immunity with both obverse and reverse sides. Herein, the impacts of ROS-increasing and ROS-decreasing treatments on the T cell responses in the tumor microenvironment are reviewed and discussed. At the same time, outcomes of combination immunotherapies are introduced to put forward inspirations to unleash the potential of immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
| | - Haiyan Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100005, China
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27
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Qi M, Xu D, Wang S, Li B, Peng S, Li Q, Zhang H, Fan R, Chen H, Kong MG. In Vivo Metabolic Analysis of the Anticancer Effects of Plasma-Activated Saline in Three Tumor Animal Models. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10030528. [PMID: 35327329 PMCID: PMC8945198 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10030528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the emerging technology of cold atmospheric pressure plasma (CAP) has grown rapidly along with the many medical applications of cold plasma (e.g., cancer, skin disease, tissue repair, etc.). Plasma-activated liquids (e.g., culture media, water, or normal saline, previously exposed to plasma) are being studied as cancer treatments, and due to their advantages, many researchers prefer plasma-activated liquids as an alternative to CAP in the treatment of cancer. In this study, we showed that plasma-activated-saline (PAS) treatment significantly inhibited tumor growth, as compared with saline, in melanoma, and a low-pH environment had little effect on tumor growth in vivo. In addition, based on an ultra-high-performance liquid tandem chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS) analysis of tumor cell metabolism, the glycerophospholipid metabolic pathway was the most susceptible metabolic pathway to PAS treatment in melanoma in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, PAS also inhibited cell proliferation in vivo in oral tongue squamous-cell cancer and non-small-cell lung cancer. There were few toxic side effects in the three animal models, and the treatment was deemed safe to use. In the future, plasma-activated liquids may serve as a potential therapeutic approach in the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Centre for Plasma Biomedicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (M.Q.); (S.P.); (Q.L.); (H.Z.); (R.F.)
- The School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (S.W.); (B.L.)
| | - Dehui Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Centre for Plasma Biomedicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (M.Q.); (S.P.); (Q.L.); (H.Z.); (R.F.)
- Correspondence: (D.X.); (M.G.K.)
| | - Shuai Wang
- The School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (S.W.); (B.L.)
| | - Bing Li
- The School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (S.W.); (B.L.)
| | - Sansan Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Centre for Plasma Biomedicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (M.Q.); (S.P.); (Q.L.); (H.Z.); (R.F.)
| | - Qiaosong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Centre for Plasma Biomedicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (M.Q.); (S.P.); (Q.L.); (H.Z.); (R.F.)
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Centre for Plasma Biomedicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (M.Q.); (S.P.); (Q.L.); (H.Z.); (R.F.)
| | - Runze Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Centre for Plasma Biomedicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (M.Q.); (S.P.); (Q.L.); (H.Z.); (R.F.)
| | - Hailan Chen
- Frank Reidy Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23508, USA;
| | - Michael G. Kong
- Frank Reidy Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23508, USA;
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA
- Correspondence: (D.X.); (M.G.K.)
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Laroussi M, Bekeschus S, Keidar M, Bogaerts A, Fridman A, Lu XP, Ostrikov KK, Hori M, Stapelmann K, Miller V, Reuter S, Laux C, Mesbah A, Walsh J, Jiang C, Thagard SM, Tanaka H, Liu DW, Yan D, Yusupov M. Low Temperature Plasma for Biology, Hygiene, and Medicine: Perspective and Roadmap. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON RADIATION AND PLASMA MEDICAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1109/trpms.2021.3135118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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29
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Cold Physical Plasma in Cancer Therapy: Mechanisms, Signaling, and Immunity. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:9916796. [PMID: 35284036 PMCID: PMC8906949 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9916796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Despite recent advances in therapy, cancer still is a devastating and life-threatening disease, motivating novel research lines in oncology. Cold physical plasma, a partially ionized gas, is a new modality in cancer research. Physical plasma produces various physicochemical factors, primarily reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS), causing cancer cell death when supplied at supraphysiological concentrations. This review outlines the biomedical consequences of plasma treatment in experimental cancer therapy, including cell death modalities. It also summarizes current knowledge on intracellular signaling pathways triggered by plasma treatment to induce cancer cell death. Besides the inactivation of tumor cells, an equally important aspect is the inflammatory context in which cell death occurs to suppress or promote the responses of immune cells. This is mainly governed by the release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) to provoke immunogenic cancer cell death (ICD) that, in turn, activates cells of the innate immune system to promote adaptive antitumor immunity. The pivotal role of the immune system in cancer treatment, in general, is highlighted by many clinical trials and success stories on using checkpoint immunotherapy. Hence, the potential of plasma treatment to induce ICD in tumor cells to promote immunity targeting cancer lesions systemically is also discussed.
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30
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ROS Pleiotropy in Melanoma and Local Therapy with Physical Modalities. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6816214. [PMID: 34777692 PMCID: PMC8580636 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6816214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic energy production naturally generates unwanted products such as reactive oxygen species (ROS), causing oxidative damage. Oxidative damage has been linked to several pathologies, including diabetes, premature aging, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. ROS were therefore originally anticipated as an imperative evil, a product of an imperfect system. More recently, however, the role of ROS in signaling and tumor treatment is increasingly acknowledged. This review addresses the main types, sources, and pathways of ROS in melanoma by linking their pleiotropic roles in antioxidant and oxidant regulation, hypoxia, metabolism, and cell death. In addition, the implications of ROS in various physical therapy modalities targeting melanoma, such as radiotherapy, electrochemotherapy, hyperthermia, photodynamic therapy, and medical gas plasma, are also discussed. By including ROS in the main picture of melanoma skin cancer and as an integral part of cancer therapies, a greater understanding of melanoma cell biology is presented, which ultimately may elucidate additional clues on targeting therapy resistance of this most deadly form of skin cancer.
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31
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Freund E, Bekeschus S. Gas Plasma-Oxidized Liquids for Cancer Treatment: Preclinical Relevance, Immuno-Oncology, and Clinical Obstacles. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON RADIATION AND PLASMA MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1109/trpms.2020.3029982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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32
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Rasouli M, Fallah N, Bekeschus S. Combining Nanotechnology and Gas Plasma as an Emerging Platform for Cancer Therapy: Mechanism and Therapeutic Implication. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:2990326. [PMID: 34745414 PMCID: PMC8566074 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2990326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nanomedicine and plasma medicine are innovative and multidisciplinary research fields aiming to employ nanotechnology and gas plasma to improve health-related treatments. Especially cancer treatment has been in the focus of both approaches because clinical response rates with traditional methods that remain improvable for many types of tumor entities. Here, we discuss the recent progress of nanotechnology and gas plasma independently as well as in the concomitant modality of nanoplasma as multimodal platforms with unique capabilities for addressing various therapeutic issues in oncological research. The main features, delivery vehicles, and nexus between reactivity and therapeutic outcomes of nanoparticles and the processes, efficacy, and mechanisms of gas plasma are examined. Especially that the unique feature of gas plasma technology, the local and temporally controlled deposition of a plethora of reactive oxygen, and nitrogen species released simultaneously might be a suitable additive treatment to the use of systemic nanotechnology therapy approaches. Finally, we focus on the convergence of plasma and nanotechnology to provide a suitable strategy that may lead to the required therapeutic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Rasouli
- Plasma Medicine Group, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Jalale-Al-Ahmad Ave, 1411713137 Tehran, Iran
- Department of Physics and Institute for Plasma Research, Kharazmi University, 49 Dr. Mofatteh Ave, Tehran 15614, Iran
| | - Nadia Fallah
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, 49 Dr. Mofatteh Ave, 31979-37551 Tehran, Iran
| | - Sander Bekeschus
- ZIK Plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
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33
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Evert K, Kocher T, Schindler A, Müller M, Müller K, Pink C, Holtfreter B, Schmidt A, Dombrowski F, Schubert A, von Woedtke T, Rupf S, Calvisi DF, Bekeschus S, Jablonowski L. Repeated exposure of the oral mucosa over 12 months with cold plasma is not carcinogenic in mice. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20672. [PMID: 34667240 PMCID: PMC8526716 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99924-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Peri-implantitis may result in the loss of dental implants. Cold atmospheric pressure plasma (CAP) was suggested to promote re-osseointegration, decrease antimicrobial burden, and support wound healing. However, the long-term risk assessment of CAP treatment in the oral cavity has not been addressed. Treatment with two different CAP devices was compared against UV radiation, carcinogen administration, and untreated conditions over 12 months. Histological analysis of 406 animals revealed that repeated CAP exposure did not foster non-invasive lesions or squamous cell carcinoma (SCCs). Carcinogen administration promoted non-invasive lesions and SCCs. Molecular analysis by a qPCR screening of 144 transcripts revealed distinct inflammatory profiles associated with each treatment regimen. Interestingly, CAP treatment of carcinogen-challenged mucosa did not promote but instead left unchanged or reduced the proportion of non-invasive lesions and SCC formation. In conclusion, repeated CAP exposure of murine oral mucosa was well tolerated, and carcinogenic effects did not occur, motivating CAP applications in patients for dental and implant treatments in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Evert
- Institute of Pathology, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - T Kocher
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology, and Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - A Schindler
- Leibniz Institute of Surface Modification (IOM Leipzig), Leipzig, Germany.,Consultants PILOTO, Ion Beam & Plasma Surface Technologies, Grimma, Germany
| | - M Müller
- Institute of Pathology, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - K Müller
- Center for Clinical Studies, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - C Pink
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology, and Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - B Holtfreter
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology, and Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - A Schmidt
- ZIK Plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Greifswald, Germany
| | - F Dombrowski
- Institute of Pathology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - A Schubert
- Department of Immunology, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Leipzig, Germany
| | - T von Woedtke
- ZIK Plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Greifswald, Germany.,Department of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - S Rupf
- Clinic of Operative Dentistry, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - D F Calvisi
- Institute of Pathology, University of Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - S Bekeschus
- ZIK Plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Greifswald, Germany
| | - L Jablonowski
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology, Endodontology, and Preventive and Pediatric Dentistry, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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Guo L, Yao Z, Yang L, Zhang H, Qi Y, Gou L, Xi W, Liu D, Zhang L, Cheng Y, Wang X, Rong M, Chen H, Kong MG. Plasma-activated water: An alternative disinfectant for S protein inactivation to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL (LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND : 1996) 2021; 421:127742. [PMID: 33235538 PMCID: PMC7677677 DOI: 10.1016/j.cej.2020.127742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is a highly contagious virus and is causing a global pandemic. SARS-CoV-2 infection depends on the recognition of and binding to the cellular receptor human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) through the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein, and disruption of this process can effectively inhibit SARS-CoV-2 invasion. Plasma-activated water efficiently inactivates bacteria and bacteriophages by causing damage to biological macromolecules, but its effect on coronavirus has not been reported. In this study, pseudoviruses with the SARS-CoV-2 S protein were used as a model, and plasma-activated water (PAW) effectively inhibited pseudovirus infection through S protein inactivation. The RBD was used to study the molecular details, and the RBD binding activity was inactivated by plasma-activated water through the RBD modification. The short-lived reactive species in the PAW, such as ONOO-, played crucial roles in this inactivation. Plasma-activated water after room-temperature storage of 30 days remained capable of significantly reducing the RBD binding with hACE2. Together, our findings provide evidence of a potent disinfection strategy to combat the epidemic caused by SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center for Plasma Biomedicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - Zhiqian Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center for Plasma Biomedicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - Lu Yang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center for Plasma Biomedicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - Yu Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center for Plasma Biomedicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - Lu Gou
- School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Wang Xi
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center for Plasma Biomedicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - Dingxin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center for Plasma Biomedicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Yilong Cheng
- School of Chemistry, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - Xiaohua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center for Plasma Biomedicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - Mingzhe Rong
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center for Plasma Biomedicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - Hailan Chen
- Frank Reidy Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23508, USA
| | - Michael G Kong
- Frank Reidy Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23508, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA
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Medical gas plasma promotes blood coagulation via platelet activation. Biomaterials 2021; 278:120433. [PMID: 34562836 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Major blood loss still is a risk factor during surgery. Electrocauterization often is used for necrotizing the tissue and thereby halts bleeding (hemostasis). However, the carbonized tissue is prone to falling off, putting patients at risk of severe side effects, such as dangerous internal bleeding many hours after surgery. We have developed a medical gas plasma jet technology as an alternative to electrocauterization and investigated its hemostatic (blood clotting) effects and mechanisms of action using whole human blood. The gas plasma efficiently coagulated anticoagulated donor blood, which resulted from the local lysis of red blood cells (hemolysis). Image cytometry further showed enhanced platelet aggregation. Gas plasmas release reactive oxygen species (ROS), but neither scavenging of long-lived ROS nor addition of chemically-generated ROS were able to abrogate or recapitulate the gas plasma effect, respectively. However, platelet activation was markedly impaired in platelet-rich plasma when compared to gas plasma-treated whole blood that moreover contained significant amounts of hemoglobin indicative of red blood cell lysis (hemolysis). Finally, incubation of whole blood with concentration-matched hemolysates phenocopied the gas plasmas-mediated platelet activation. These results will spur the translation of plasma systems for hemolysis into clinical practice.
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Guo L, Yang L, Qi Y, Niyazi G, Zheng J, Xu R, Chen X, Zhang J, Xi W, Liu D, Wang X, Chen H, Kong MG. Low-Temperature Gas Plasma Combined with Antibiotics for the Reduction of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm Both In Vitro and In Vivo. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11080828. [PMID: 34440572 PMCID: PMC8400093 DOI: 10.3390/life11080828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilm infections in wounds seriously delay the healing process, and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus is a major cause of wound infections. In addition to inactivating micro-organisms, low-temperature gas plasma can restore the sensitivity of pathogenic microbes to antibiotics. However, the combined treatment has not been applied to infectious diseases. In this study, low-temperature gas plasma treatment promoted the effects of different antibiotics on the reduction of S. aureus biofilms in vitro. Low-temperature gas plasma combined with rifampicin also effectively reduced the S. aureus cells in biofilms in the murine wound infection model. The blood and histochemical analysis demonstrated the biosafety of the combined treatment. Our findings demonstrated that low-temperature gas plasma combined with antibiotics is a promising therapeutic strategy for wound infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Guo
- Center for Plasma Biomedicine, State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (L.G.); (Y.Q.); (X.C.); (J.Z.); (W.X.); (X.W.)
| | - Lu Yang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (L.Y.); (G.N.); (R.X.)
| | - Yu Qi
- Center for Plasma Biomedicine, State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (L.G.); (Y.Q.); (X.C.); (J.Z.); (W.X.); (X.W.)
| | - Gulimire Niyazi
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (L.Y.); (G.N.); (R.X.)
| | - Jianbao Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
- Correspondence: author: (J.Z.); (D.L.); (M.G.K.)
| | - Ruobing Xu
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (L.Y.); (G.N.); (R.X.)
| | - Xusong Chen
- Center for Plasma Biomedicine, State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (L.G.); (Y.Q.); (X.C.); (J.Z.); (W.X.); (X.W.)
| | - Jingye Zhang
- Center for Plasma Biomedicine, State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (L.G.); (Y.Q.); (X.C.); (J.Z.); (W.X.); (X.W.)
| | - Wang Xi
- Center for Plasma Biomedicine, State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (L.G.); (Y.Q.); (X.C.); (J.Z.); (W.X.); (X.W.)
| | - Dingxin Liu
- Center for Plasma Biomedicine, State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (L.G.); (Y.Q.); (X.C.); (J.Z.); (W.X.); (X.W.)
- Correspondence: author: (J.Z.); (D.L.); (M.G.K.)
| | - Xiaohua Wang
- Center for Plasma Biomedicine, State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (L.G.); (Y.Q.); (X.C.); (J.Z.); (W.X.); (X.W.)
| | - Hailan Chen
- Frank Reidy Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23508, USA;
| | - Michael G. Kong
- Center for Plasma Biomedicine, State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (L.G.); (Y.Q.); (X.C.); (J.Z.); (W.X.); (X.W.)
- Frank Reidy Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23508, USA;
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA
- Correspondence: author: (J.Z.); (D.L.); (M.G.K.)
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Zhang H, Xu S, Zhang J, Wang Z, Liu D, Guo L, Cheng C, Cheng Y, Xu D, Kong MG, Rong M, Chu PK. Plasma-activated thermosensitive biogel as an exogenous ROS carrier for post-surgical treatment of cancer. Biomaterials 2021; 276:121057. [PMID: 34399120 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2021.121057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Post-surgical residual tumor cells are the primary cause of relapse and progression of cancer but unfortunately, there are limited therapeutic options. In this work, a fillable plasma-activated biogel is produced on a thermosensitive biogel [(Poly-DL-lactide)-(poly-ethylene glycol)-(poly-DL-lactide), PLEL] with the aid of a discharge plasma for local post-operative treatment of cancer. In vivo data show that the plasma-activated PLEL biogel (PAPB) eliminates residual tumor tissues after removal surgery and also inhibits in situ recurrence while showing no evident systemic toxicity. Moreover, the PAPB possesses excellent storage capability, allows for slow release of plasma-generated reactive oxygen species (ROS), and exhibits good ROS-mediated anticancer effects in vitro. Our results reveal that the novel plasma-activated biogel is an effective therapeutic agent for local post-operative treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Centre for Plasma Biomedicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, PR China
| | - Shengduo Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Centre for Plasma Biomedicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, PR China
| | - Jishen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Centre for Plasma Biomedicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, PR China
| | - Zifeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Centre for Plasma Biomedicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, PR China
| | - Dingxin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Centre for Plasma Biomedicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, PR China.
| | - Li Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Centre for Plasma Biomedicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, PR China
| | - Cheng Cheng
- Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P. O. Box 1126, Hefei, Anhui, 230031, PR China; Department of Physics, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, And Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yilong Cheng
- Department of Applied Physics, School of Science, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, PR China
| | - Dehui Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Centre for Plasma Biomedicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, PR China
| | - Michael G Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Centre for Plasma Biomedicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, PR China; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, 23529, USA
| | - Mingzhe Rong
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Centre for Plasma Biomedicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710049, PR China
| | - Paul K Chu
- Department of Physics, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, And Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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The Anticancer Efficacy of Plasma-Oxidized Saline (POS) in the Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma Model In Vitro and In Vivo. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9080932. [PMID: 34440136 PMCID: PMC8394252 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9080932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Cold physical plasma, a partially ionized gas rich in reactive oxygen species (ROS), is receiving increasing interest as a novel anticancer agent via two modes. The first involves its application to cells and tissues directly, while the second uses physical plasma-derived ROS to oxidize liquids. Saline is a clinically accepted liquid, and here we explored the suitability of plasma-oxidized saline (POS) as anticancer agent technology in vitro and in vivo using the Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma (EAC) model. EAC mainly grows as a suspension in the peritoneal cavity of mice, making this model ideally suited to test POS as a putative agent against peritoneal carcinomatosis frequently observed with colon, pancreas, and ovarium metastasis. Five POS injections led to a reduction of the tumor burden in vivo as well as in a decline of EAC cell growth and an arrest in metabolic activity ex vivo. The treatment was accompanied by a decreased antioxidant capacity of Ehrlich tumor cells and increased lipid oxidation in the ascites supernatants, while no other side effects were observed. Oxaliplatin and hydrogen peroxide were used as controls and mediated better and worse outcomes, respectively, with the former but not the latter inducing profound changes in the inflammatory milieu among 13 different cytokines investigated in ascites fluid. Modulation of inflammation in the POS group was modest but significant. These results promote POS as a promising candidate for targeting peritoneal carcinomatosis and malignant ascites and suggest EAC to be a suitable and convenient model for analyzing innovative POS approaches and combination therapies.
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Khabipov A, Freund E, Liedtke KR, Käding A, Riese J, van der Linde J, Kersting S, Partecke LI, Bekeschus S. Murine Macrophages Modulate Their Inflammatory Profile in Response to Gas Plasma-Inactivated Pancreatic Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:2525. [PMID: 34064000 PMCID: PMC8196763 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages and immuno-modulation play a dominant role in the pathology of pancreatic cancer. Gas plasma is a technology recently suggested to demonstrate anticancer efficacy. To this end, two murine cell lines were employed to analyze the inflammatory consequences of plasma-treated pancreatic cancer cells (PDA) on macrophages using the kINPen plasma jet. Plasma treatment decreased the metabolic activity, viability, and migratory activity in an ROS- and treatment time-dependent manner in PDA cells in vitro. These results were confirmed in pancreatic tumors grown on chicken embryos in the TUM-CAM model (in ovo). PDA cells promote tumor-supporting M2 macrophage polarization and cluster formation. Plasma treatment of PDA cells abrogated this cluster formation with a mixed M1/M2 phenotype observed in such co-cultured macrophages. Multiplex chemokine and cytokine quantification showed a marked decrease of the neutrophil chemoattractant CXCL1, IL6, and the tumor growth supporting TGFβ and VEGF in plasma-treated compared to untreated co-culture settings. At the same time, macrophage-attractant CCL4 and MCP1 release were profoundly enhanced. These cellular and secretome data suggest that the plasma-inactivated PDA6606 cells modulate the inflammatory profile of murine RAW 264.7 macrophages favorably, which may support plasma cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aydar Khabipov
- Department of General, Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Greifswald University Medical Center, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Str., 17475 Greifswald, Germany; (A.K.); (E.F.); (A.K.); (J.R.); (J.v.d.L.); (S.K.); (L.-I.P.)
- ZIK plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP Greifswald), Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Eric Freund
- Department of General, Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Greifswald University Medical Center, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Str., 17475 Greifswald, Germany; (A.K.); (E.F.); (A.K.); (J.R.); (J.v.d.L.); (S.K.); (L.-I.P.)
- ZIK plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP Greifswald), Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Kim Rouven Liedtke
- Department of Trauma and Orthopedic Surgery, Schleswig-Holstein University Medical Center, Arnold-Heller-Straße 3, 24105 Kiel, Germany;
| | - Andre Käding
- Department of General, Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Greifswald University Medical Center, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Str., 17475 Greifswald, Germany; (A.K.); (E.F.); (A.K.); (J.R.); (J.v.d.L.); (S.K.); (L.-I.P.)
| | - Janik Riese
- Department of General, Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Greifswald University Medical Center, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Str., 17475 Greifswald, Germany; (A.K.); (E.F.); (A.K.); (J.R.); (J.v.d.L.); (S.K.); (L.-I.P.)
| | - Julia van der Linde
- Department of General, Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Greifswald University Medical Center, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Str., 17475 Greifswald, Germany; (A.K.); (E.F.); (A.K.); (J.R.); (J.v.d.L.); (S.K.); (L.-I.P.)
| | - Stephan Kersting
- Department of General, Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Greifswald University Medical Center, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Str., 17475 Greifswald, Germany; (A.K.); (E.F.); (A.K.); (J.R.); (J.v.d.L.); (S.K.); (L.-I.P.)
| | - Lars-Ivo Partecke
- Department of General, Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Greifswald University Medical Center, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Str., 17475 Greifswald, Germany; (A.K.); (E.F.); (A.K.); (J.R.); (J.v.d.L.); (S.K.); (L.-I.P.)
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, Schleswig Helios Medical Center, St. Jürgener Str. 1-3, 24837 Schleswig, Germany
| | - Sander Bekeschus
- ZIK plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP Greifswald), Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
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ROS Cocktails as an Adjuvant for Personalized Antitumor Vaccination? Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9050527. [PMID: 34069708 PMCID: PMC8161309 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9050527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide. Today, the critical role of the immune system in tumor control is undisputed. Checkpoint antibody immunotherapy augments existing antitumor T cell activity with durable clinical responses in many tumor entities. Despite the presence of tumor-associated antigens and neoantigens, many patients have an insufficient repertoires of antitumor T cells. Autologous tumor vaccinations aim at alleviating this defect, but clinical success is modest. Loading tumor material into autologous dendritic cells followed by their laboratory expansion and therapeutic vaccination is promising, both conceptually and clinically. However, this process is laborious, time-consuming, costly, and hence less likely to solve the global cancer crisis. Therefore, it is proposed to re-focus on personalized anticancer vaccinations to enhance the immunogenicity of autologous therapeutic tumor vaccines. Recent work re-established the idea of using the alarming agents of the immune system, oxidative modifications, as an intrinsic adjuvant to broaden the antitumor T cell receptor repertoire in cancer patients. The key novelty is the use of gas plasma, a multi-reactive oxygen and nitrogen species-generating technology, for diversifying oxidative protein modifications in a, so far, unparalleled manner. This significant innovation has been successfully used in proof-of-concept studies and awaits broader recognition and implementation to explore its chances and limitations of providing affordable personalized anticancer vaccines in the future. Such multidisciplinary advance is timely, as the current COVID-19 crisis is inexorably reflecting the utmost importance of innovative and effective vaccinations in modern times.
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Kordt M, Trautmann I, Schlie C, Lindner T, Stenzel J, Schildt A, Boeckmann L, Bekeschus S, Kurth J, Krause BJ, Vollmar B, Grambow E. Multimodal Imaging Techniques to Evaluate the Anticancer Effect of Cold Atmospheric Pressure Plasma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:2483. [PMID: 34069689 PMCID: PMC8161248 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13102483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skin cancer is the most frequent cancer worldwide and is divided into non-melanoma skin cancer, including basal cell carcinoma, as well as squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and malignant melanoma (MM). METHODS This study evaluates the effects of cold atmospheric pressure plasma (CAP) on SCC and MM in vivo, employing a comprehensive approach using multimodal imaging techniques. Longitudinal MR and PET/CT imaging were performed to determine the anatomic and metabolic tumour volume over three-weeks in vivo. Additionally, the formation of reactive species after CAP treatment was assessed by non-invasive chemiluminescence imaging of L-012. Histological analysis and immunohistochemical staining for Ki-67, ApopTag®, F4/80, CAE, and CD31, as well as protein expression of PCNA, caspase-3 and cleaved-caspase-3, were performed to study proliferation, apoptosis, inflammation, and angiogenesis in CAP-treated tumours. RESULTS As the main result, multimodal in vivo imaging revealed a substantial reduction in tumour growth and an increase in reactive species after CAP treatment, in comparison to untreated tumours. In contrast, neither the markers for apoptosis, nor the metabolic activity of both tumour entities was affected by CAP. CONCLUSIONS These findings propose CAP as a potential adjuvant therapy option to established standard therapies of skin cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Kordt
- Rudolf-Zenker-Institute of Experimental Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (I.T.); (C.S.); (B.V.); (E.G.)
| | - Isabell Trautmann
- Rudolf-Zenker-Institute of Experimental Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (I.T.); (C.S.); (B.V.); (E.G.)
| | - Christin Schlie
- Rudolf-Zenker-Institute of Experimental Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (I.T.); (C.S.); (B.V.); (E.G.)
| | - Tobias Lindner
- Core Facility Multimodal Small Animal Imaging, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (T.L.); (J.S.); (A.S.); (B.J.K.)
| | - Jan Stenzel
- Core Facility Multimodal Small Animal Imaging, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (T.L.); (J.S.); (A.S.); (B.J.K.)
| | - Anna Schildt
- Core Facility Multimodal Small Animal Imaging, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (T.L.); (J.S.); (A.S.); (B.J.K.)
| | - Lars Boeckmann
- Clinic and Policlinic for Dermatology and Venereology, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany;
| | - Sander Bekeschus
- Center for innovation competence (ZIK) plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), 17489 Greifswald, Germany;
| | - Jens Kurth
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, 18055 Rostock, Germany;
| | - Bernd J. Krause
- Core Facility Multimodal Small Animal Imaging, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (T.L.); (J.S.); (A.S.); (B.J.K.)
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Rostock University Medical Center, 18055 Rostock, Germany;
| | - Brigitte Vollmar
- Rudolf-Zenker-Institute of Experimental Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (I.T.); (C.S.); (B.V.); (E.G.)
| | - Eberhard Grambow
- Rudolf-Zenker-Institute of Experimental Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany; (I.T.); (C.S.); (B.V.); (E.G.)
- Department for General, Visceral-, Vascular- and Transplantation Surgery, Rostock University Medical Center, 18057 Rostock, Germany
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Guo L, Yang L, Qi Y, Niyazi G, Huang L, Gou L, Wang Z, Zhang L, Liu D, Wang X, Chen H, Kong MG. Cold Atmospheric-Pressure Plasma Caused Protein Damage in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Cells in Biofilms. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9051072. [PMID: 34067642 PMCID: PMC8156483 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9051072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofilms formed by multidrug-resistant bacteria are a major cause of hospital-acquired infections. Cold atmospheric-pressure plasma (CAP) is attractive for sterilization, especially to disrupt biofilms formed by multidrug-resistant bacteria. However, the underlying molecular mechanism is not clear. In this study, CAP effectively reduced the living cells in the biofilms formed by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and 6 min treatment with CAP reduced the S. aureus cells in biofilms by 3.5 log10. The treatment with CAP caused the polymerization of SaFtsZ and SaClpP proteins in the S. aureus cells of the biofilms. In vitro analysis demonstrated that recombinant SaFtsZ lost its self-assembly capability, and recombinant SaClpP lost its peptidase activity after 2 min of treatment with CAP. Mass spectrometry showed oxidative modifications of a cluster of peaks differing by 16 Da, 31 Da, 32 Da, 47 Da, 48 Da, 62 Da, and 78 Da, induced by reactive species of CAP. It is speculated that the oxidative damage to proteins in S. aureus cells was induced by CAP, which contributed to the reduction of biofilms. This study elucidates the biological effect of CAP on the proteins in bacterial cells of biofilms and provides a basis for the application of CAP in the disinfection of biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center for Plasma Biomedicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (Y.Q.); (L.H.); (Z.W.); (X.W.)
- Correspondence: (L.G.); (D.L.)
| | - Lu Yang
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (L.Y.); (G.N.)
| | - Yu Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center for Plasma Biomedicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (Y.Q.); (L.H.); (Z.W.); (X.W.)
| | - Gulimire Niyazi
- School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (L.Y.); (G.N.)
| | - Lingling Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center for Plasma Biomedicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (Y.Q.); (L.H.); (Z.W.); (X.W.)
| | - Lu Gou
- School of Physics, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (L.G.); (L.Z.)
| | - Zifeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center for Plasma Biomedicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (Y.Q.); (L.H.); (Z.W.); (X.W.)
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Physics, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (L.G.); (L.Z.)
| | - Dingxin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center for Plasma Biomedicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (Y.Q.); (L.H.); (Z.W.); (X.W.)
- Correspondence: (L.G.); (D.L.)
| | - Xiaohua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Electrical Insulation and Power Equipment, Center for Plasma Biomedicine, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China; (Y.Q.); (L.H.); (Z.W.); (X.W.)
| | - Hailan Chen
- Frank Reidy Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23508, USA; (H.C.); (M.G.K.)
| | - Michael G. Kong
- Frank Reidy Center for Bioelectrics, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23508, USA; (H.C.); (M.G.K.)
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA
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Antitumor Effects in Gas Plasma-Treated Patient-Derived Microtissues—An Adjuvant Therapy for Ulcerating Breast Cancer? APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11104527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite global research and continuous improvement in therapy, cancer remains a challenging disease globally, substantiating the need for new treatment avenues. Medical gas plasma technology has emerged as a promising approach in oncology in the last years. Several investigations have provided evidence of an antitumor action in vitro and in vivo, including our recent work on plasma-mediated reduction of breast cancer in mice. However, studies of gas plasma exposure on patient-derived tumors with their distinct microenvironment (TME) are scarce. To this end, we here investigated patient-derived breast cancer tissue after gas plasma-treated ex vivo. The tissues were disjoint to pieces smaller than 100 µm, embedded in collagen, and incubated for several days. The viability of the breast cancer tissue clusters and their outgrowth into their gel microenvironment declined with plasma treatment. This was associated with caspase 3-dependent apoptotic cell death, paralleled by an increased expression of the anti-metastatic adhesion molecule epithelial (E)-cadherin. Multiplex chemokine/cytokine analysis revealed a marked decline in the release of the interleukins 6 and 8 (IL-6, IL-8) and monocyte-chemoattractant-protein 1 (MCP) known to promote a cancer-promoting milieu in the TME. In summary, we provide here, for the first time, evidence of a beneficial activity of gas plasma exposure on human patient-derived breast cancer tissue.
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Bekeschus S, Clemen R, Haralambiev L, Niessner F, Grabarczyk P, Weltmann KD, Menz J, Stope M, von Woedtke T, Gandhirajan R, Schmidt A. The Plasma-Induced Leukemia Cell Death is Dictated by the ROS Chemistry and the HO-1/CXCL8 Axis. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON RADIATION AND PLASMA MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.1109/trpms.2020.3020686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Clemen R, Freund E, Mrochen D, Miebach L, Schmidt A, Rauch BH, Lackmann J, Martens U, Wende K, Lalk M, Delcea M, Bröker BM, Bekeschus S. Gas Plasma Technology Augments Ovalbumin Immunogenicity and OT-II T Cell Activation Conferring Tumor Protection in Mice. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:2003395. [PMID: 34026437 PMCID: PMC8132054 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202003395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS/RNS) are produced during inflammation and elicit protein modifications, but the immunological consequences are largely unknown. Gas plasma technology capable of generating an unmatched variety of ROS/RNS is deployed to mimic inflammation and study the significance of ROS/RNS modifications using the model protein chicken ovalbumin (Ova vs oxOva). Dynamic light scattering and circular dichroism spectroscopy reveal structural modifications in oxOva compared to Ova. T cells from Ova-specific OT-II but not from C57BL/6 or SKH-1 wild type mice presents enhanced activation after Ova addition. OxOva exacerbates this activation when administered ex vivo or in vivo, along with an increased interferon-gamma production, a known anti-melanoma agent. OxOva vaccination of wild type mice followed by inoculation of syngeneic B16F10 Ova-expressing melanoma cells shows enhanced T cell number and activation, decreased tumor burden, and elevated numbers of antigen-presenting cells when compared to their Ova-vaccinated counterparts. Analysis of oxOva using mass spectrometry identifies three hot spots regions rich in oxidative modifications that are associated with the increased T cell activation. Using Ova as a model protein, the findings suggest an immunomodulating role of multi-ROS/RNS modifications that may spur novel research lines in inflammation research and for vaccination strategies in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramona Clemen
- ZIK plasmatisLeibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP)Felix‐Hausdorff‐Str. 2Greifswald17489Germany
| | - Eric Freund
- ZIK plasmatisLeibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP)Felix‐Hausdorff‐Str. 2Greifswald17489Germany
- Department of GeneralVisceralThoracicand Vascular SurgeryUniversity Medicine GreifswaldSauerbruchstr. DZ7Greifswald17475Germany
| | - Daniel Mrochen
- ZIK plasmatisLeibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP)Felix‐Hausdorff‐Str. 2Greifswald17489Germany
- Department of ImmunologyUniversity Medicine GreifswaldSauerbruchstr. DZ7Greifswald17475Germany
| | - Lea Miebach
- ZIK plasmatisLeibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP)Felix‐Hausdorff‐Str. 2Greifswald17489Germany
- Department of GeneralVisceralThoracicand Vascular SurgeryUniversity Medicine GreifswaldSauerbruchstr. DZ7Greifswald17475Germany
| | - Anke Schmidt
- ZIK plasmatisLeibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP)Felix‐Hausdorff‐Str. 2Greifswald17489Germany
| | - Bernhard H. Rauch
- Institute of Pharmacology (C_Dat)University Medicine GreifswaldFelix‐Hausdorff‐Str. 1Greifswald17489Germany
| | - Jan‐Wilm Lackmann
- CECAD proteomics facilityUniversity of CologneJoseph‐Stelzmann‐Str. 26Cologne50931Germany
| | - Ulrike Martens
- ZIK HIKEUniversity of GreifswaldFleischmannstr. 42–44Greifswald17489Germany
- Institute of BiochemistryUniversity of GreifswaldFelix‐Hausdorff‐Str. 4Greifswald17489Germany
| | - Kristian Wende
- ZIK plasmatisLeibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP)Felix‐Hausdorff‐Str. 2Greifswald17489Germany
| | - Michael Lalk
- Institute of BiochemistryUniversity of GreifswaldFelix‐Hausdorff‐Str. 4Greifswald17489Germany
| | - Mihaela Delcea
- ZIK HIKEUniversity of GreifswaldFleischmannstr. 42–44Greifswald17489Germany
- Institute of BiochemistryUniversity of GreifswaldFelix‐Hausdorff‐Str. 4Greifswald17489Germany
| | - Barbara M. Bröker
- Department of ImmunologyUniversity Medicine GreifswaldSauerbruchstr. DZ7Greifswald17475Germany
| | - Sander Bekeschus
- ZIK plasmatisLeibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP)Felix‐Hausdorff‐Str. 2Greifswald17489Germany
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Bekeschus S, Liebelt G, Menz J, Berner J, Sagwal SK, Wende K, Weltmann KD, Boeckmann L, von Woedtke T, Metelmann HR, Emmert S, Schmidt A. Tumor cell metabolism correlates with resistance to gas plasma treatment: The evaluation of three dogmas. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 167:12-28. [PMID: 33711420 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Gas plasma is a partially ionized gas increasingly recognized for targeting cancer. Several hypotheses attempt to explain the link between plasma treatment and cytotoxicity in cancer cells, all focusing on cellular membranes that are the first to be exposed to plasma-generated reactive oxygen species (ROS). One proposes high levels of aquaporins, membrane transporters of water and hydrogen peroxide, to mark tumor cell line sensitivity to plasma treatment. A second focuses on membrane-expression of redox-related enzymes such as NADPH oxidases (NOX) that may modify or amplify the effects of plasma-derived ROS, fueling plasma-induced cancer cell death. Another hypothesis is that the decreased cholesterol content of tumor cell membranes sensitizes these to plasma-mediated oxidation and subsequently, cytotoxicity. Screening 33 surface molecules in 36 tumor cell lines in correlation to their sensitivity to plasma treatment, the expression of aquaporins or NOX members could not explain the sensitivity but were rather associated with treatment resistance. Correlation with transporter or enzyme activity was not tested. Analysis of cholesterol content confirmed the proposed positive correlation with treatment resistance. Strikingly, the strongest correlation was found for baseline metabolic activity (Spearman r = 0.76). Altogether, these data suggest tumor cell metabolism as a novel testable hypothesis to explain cancer cell resistance to gas plasma treatment for further elucidating this innovative field's chances and limitations in oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sander Bekeschus
- ZIK plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489, Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Grit Liebelt
- ZIK plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jonas Menz
- ZIK plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489, Greifswald, Germany; Department of General, Visceral, Thoracic, and Vascular Surgery, Greifswald University Medical Center, Sauerbruchstr, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Julia Berner
- ZIK plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489, Greifswald, Germany; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Plastic Surgery, Greifswald University Medical Center, Sauerbruchstr, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sanjeev Kumar Sagwal
- ZIK plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Kristian Wende
- ZIK plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Klaus-Dieter Weltmann
- ZIK plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Lars Boeckmann
- Clinic and Polyclinic for Dermatology and Venereology, Rostock University Medical Center, Strempelstr. 13, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Thomas von Woedtke
- ZIK plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489, Greifswald, Germany; Institute of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, Greifswald University Medical Center, Walther-Rathenau-Str. 48A, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Hans-Robert Metelmann
- ZIK plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489, Greifswald, Germany; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery/Plastic Surgery, Greifswald University Medical Center, Sauerbruchstr, 17475, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Steffen Emmert
- Clinic and Polyclinic for Dermatology and Venereology, Rostock University Medical Center, Strempelstr. 13, 18057, Rostock, Germany
| | - Anke Schmidt
- ZIK plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 2, 17489, Greifswald, Germany
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Freund E, Miebach L, Stope MB, Bekeschus S. Hypochlorous acid selectively promotes toxicity and the expression of danger signals in human abdominal cancer cells. Oncol Rep 2021; 45:71. [PMID: 33760187 PMCID: PMC8020206 DOI: 10.3892/or.2021.8022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumors of the abdominal cavity, such as colorectal, pancreatic and ovarian cancer, frequently metastasize into the peritoneum. Large numbers of metastatic nodules hinder curative surgical resection, necessitating lavage with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC). However, HIPEC not only causes severe side effects but also has limited therapeutic efficacy in various instances. At the same time, the age of immunotherapies such as biological agents, checkpoint‑ inhibitors or immune‑cell therapies, increasingly emphasizes the critical role of anticancer immunity in targeting malignancies. The present study investigated the ability of three types of long‑lived reactive species (oxidants) to inactivate cancer cells and potentially complement current HIPEC regimens, as well as to increase tumor cell expression of danger signals that stimulate innate immunity. The human abdominal cancer cell lines HT‑29, Panc‑01 and SK‑OV‑3 were exposed to different concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), hypochlorous acid (HOCl) and peroxynitrite (ONOO‑). Metabolic activity was measured, as well as determination of cell death and danger signal expression levels via flow cytometry and detection of intracellular oxidation via high‑content microscopy. Oxidation of tumor decreased intracellular levels of the antioxidant glutathione and induced oxidation in mitochondria, accompanied by a decrease in metabolic activity and an increase in regulated cell death. At similar concentrations, HOCl showed the most potent effects. Non‑malignant HaCaT keratinocytes were less affected, suggesting the approach to be selective to some extent. Pro‑immunogenic danger molecules were investigated by assessing the expression levels of calreticulin (CRT), and heat‑shock protein (HSP)70 and HSP90. CRT expression was greatest following HOCl and ONOO‑ treatment, whereas HOCl and H2O2 resulted in the greatest increase in HSP70 and HSP90 expression levels. These results suggested that HOCl may be a promising agent to complement current HIPEC regimens targeting peritoneal carcinomatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Freund
- Centre for Innovation Competence (ZIK) Plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP Greifswald), D-17489 Greifswald, Germany
- Department of General, Visceral, Thoracic, and Vascular Surgery, Greifswald University Medical Center, D-17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Lea Miebach
- Centre for Innovation Competence (ZIK) Plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP Greifswald), D-17489 Greifswald, Germany
- Department of General, Visceral, Thoracic, and Vascular Surgery, Greifswald University Medical Center, D-17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Matthias B. Stope
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecological Oncology, Bonn University Medical Center, D-53217 Bonn, Germany
| | - Sander Bekeschus
- Centre for Innovation Competence (ZIK) Plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP Greifswald), D-17489 Greifswald, Germany
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Plasma-Treated Solutions (PTS) in Cancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13071737. [PMID: 33917469 PMCID: PMC8038720 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cold physical plasma is a partially ionized gas generating various reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) simultaneously. ROS/RNS have therapeutic effects when applied to cells and tissues either directly from the plasma or via exposure to solutions that have been treated beforehand using plasma processes. This review addresses the challenges and opportunities of plasma-treated solutions (PTSs) for cancer treatment. Abstract Cold physical plasma is a partially ionized gas generating various reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) simultaneously. ROS/RNS have therapeutic effects when applied to cells and tissues either directly from the plasma or via exposure to solutions that have been treated beforehand using plasma processes. This review addresses the challenges and opportunities of plasma-treated solutions (PTSs) for cancer treatment. These PTSs include plasma-treated cell culture media in experimental research as well as clinically approved solutions such as saline and Ringer’s lactate, which, in principle, already qualify for testing in therapeutic settings. Several types of cancers were found to succumb to the toxic action of PTSs, suggesting a broad mechanism of action based on the tumor-toxic activity of ROS/RNS stored in these solutions. Moreover, it is indicated that the PTS has immuno-stimulatory properties. Two different routes of application are currently envisaged in the clinical setting. One is direct injection into the bulk tumor, and the other is lavage in patients suffering from peritoneal carcinomatosis adjuvant to standard chemotherapy. While many promising results have been achieved so far, several obstacles, such as the standardized generation of large volumes of sterile PTS, remain to be addressed.
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Bekeschus S, Meyer D, Arlt K, von Woedtke T, Miebach L, Freund E, Clemen R. Argon Plasma Exposure Augments Costimulatory Ligands and Cytokine Release in Human Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:3790. [PMID: 33917526 PMCID: PMC8038845 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cold physical plasma is a partially ionized gas expelling many reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS). Several plasma devices have been licensed for medical use in dermatology, and recent experimental studies suggest their putative role in cancer treatment. In cancer therapies with an immunological dimension, successful antigen presentation and inflammation modulation is a key hallmark to elicit antitumor immunity. Dendritic cells (DCs) are critical for this task. However, the inflammatory consequences of DCs following plasma exposure are unknown. To this end, human monocyte-derived DCs (moDCs) were expanded from isolated human primary monocytes; exposed to plasma; and their metabolic activity, surface marker expression, and cytokine profiles were analyzed. As controls, hydrogen peroxide, hypochlorous acid, and peroxynitrite were used. Among all types of ROS/RNS-mediated treatments, plasma exposure exerted the most notable increase of activation markers at 24 h such as CD25, CD40, and CD83 known to be crucial for T cell costimulation. Moreover, the treatments increased interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-6, and IL-23. Altogether, this study suggests plasma treatment augmenting costimulatory ligand and cytokine expression in human moDCs, which might exert beneficial effects in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sander Bekeschus
- The Centre for Innovation Competence (ZIK) Plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), 17489 Greifswald, Germany; (D.M.); (K.A.); (T.v.W.); (L.M.); (E.F.); (R.C.)
| | - Dorothee Meyer
- The Centre for Innovation Competence (ZIK) Plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), 17489 Greifswald, Germany; (D.M.); (K.A.); (T.v.W.); (L.M.); (E.F.); (R.C.)
| | - Kevin Arlt
- The Centre for Innovation Competence (ZIK) Plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), 17489 Greifswald, Germany; (D.M.); (K.A.); (T.v.W.); (L.M.); (E.F.); (R.C.)
| | - Thomas von Woedtke
- The Centre for Innovation Competence (ZIK) Plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), 17489 Greifswald, Germany; (D.M.); (K.A.); (T.v.W.); (L.M.); (E.F.); (R.C.)
- Institute of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine, Greifswald University Medical Center, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Lea Miebach
- The Centre for Innovation Competence (ZIK) Plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), 17489 Greifswald, Germany; (D.M.); (K.A.); (T.v.W.); (L.M.); (E.F.); (R.C.)
- Department of General, Visceral, Thoracic, and Vascular Surgery, Greifswald University Medical Center, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Eric Freund
- The Centre for Innovation Competence (ZIK) Plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), 17489 Greifswald, Germany; (D.M.); (K.A.); (T.v.W.); (L.M.); (E.F.); (R.C.)
- Department of General, Visceral, Thoracic, and Vascular Surgery, Greifswald University Medical Center, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Ramona Clemen
- The Centre for Innovation Competence (ZIK) Plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), 17489 Greifswald, Germany; (D.M.); (K.A.); (T.v.W.); (L.M.); (E.F.); (R.C.)
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The amino acid metabolism is essential for evading physical plasma-induced tumour cell death. Br J Cancer 2021; 124:1854-1863. [PMID: 33767419 PMCID: PMC8144554 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-021-01335-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have emphasised the important role of amino acids in cancer metabolism. Cold physical plasma is an evolving technology employed to target tumour cells by introducing reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, limited understanding is available on the role of metabolic reprogramming in tumour cells fostering or reducing plasma-induced cancer cell death. METHODS The utilisation and impact of major metabolic substrates of fatty acid, amino acid and TCA pathways were investigated in several tumour cell lines following plasma exposure by qPCR, immunoblotting and cell death analysis. RESULTS Metabolic substrates were utilised in Panc-1 and HeLa but not in OVCAR3 and SK-MEL-28 cells following plasma treatment. Among the key genes governing these pathways, ASCT2 and SLC3A2 were consistently upregulated in Panc-1, Miapaca2GR, HeLa and MeWo cells. siRNA-mediated knockdown of ASCT2, glutamine depletion and pharmacological inhibition with V9302 sensitised HeLa cells to the plasma-induced cell death. Exogenous supplementation of glutamine, valine or tyrosine led to improved metabolism and viability of tumour cells following plasma treatment. CONCLUSION These data suggest the amino acid influx driving metabolic reprogramming in tumour cells exposed to physical plasma, governing the extent of cell death. This pathway could be targeted in combination with existing anti-tumour agents.
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