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Weber KS, Godkin FE, Cornish BF, McIlroy WE, Van Ooteghem K. Wrist Accelerometer Estimates of Physical Activity Intensity During Walking in Older Adults and People Living With Complex Health Conditions: Retrospective Observational Data Analysis Study. JMIR Form Res 2023; 7:e41685. [PMID: 36920452 PMCID: PMC10131658 DOI: 10.2196/41685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accurate measurement of daily physical activity (PA) is important as PA is linked to health outcomes in older adults and people living with complex health conditions. Wrist-worn accelerometers are widely used to estimate PA intensity, including walking, which composes much of daily PA. However, there is concern that wrist-derived PA data in these cohorts is unreliable due to slow gait speed, mobility aid use, disease-related symptoms that impact arm movement, and transient activities of daily living. Despite the potential for error in wrist-derived PA intensity estimates, their use has become ubiquitous in research and clinical application. OBJECTIVE The goals of this work were to (1) determine the accuracy of wrist-based estimates of PA intensity during known walking periods in older adults and people living with cerebrovascular disease (CVD) or neurodegenerative disease (NDD) and (2) explore factors that influence wrist-derived intensity estimates. METHODS A total of 35 older adults (n=23 with CVD or NDD) wore an accelerometer on the dominant wrist and ankle for 7 to 10 days of continuous monitoring. Stepping was detected using the ankle accelerometer. Analyses were restricted to gait bouts ≥60 seconds long with a cadence ≥80 steps per minute (LONG walks) to identify periods of purposeful, continuous walking likely to reflect moderate-intensity activity. Wrist accelerometer data were analyzed within LONG walks using 15-second epochs, and published intensity thresholds were applied to classify epochs as sedentary, light, or moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Participants were stratified into quartiles based on the percent of walking epochs classified as sedentary, and the data were examined for differences in behavioral or demographic traits between the top and bottom quartiles. A case series was performed to illustrate factors and behaviors that can affect wrist-derived intensity estimates during walking. RESULTS Participants averaged 107.7 (SD 55.8) LONG walks with a median cadence of 107.3 (SD 10.8) steps per minute. Across participants, wrist-derived intensity classification was 22.9% (SD 15.8) sedentary, 27.7% (SD 14.6) light, and 49.3% (SD 25.5) MVPA during LONG walks. All participants measured a statistically lower proportion of wrist-derived activity during LONG walks than expected (all P<.001), and 80% (n=28) of participants had at least 20 minutes of LONG walking time misclassified as sedentary based on wrist-derived intensity estimates. Participants in the highest quartile of wrist-derived sedentary classification during LONG walks were significantly older (t16=4.24, P<.001) and had more variable wrist movement (t16=2.13, P=.049) compared to those in the lowest quartile. CONCLUSIONS The current best practice wrist accelerometer method is prone to misclassifying activity intensity during walking in older adults and people living with complex health conditions. A multidevice approach may be warranted to advance methods for accurately assessing PA in these groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle S Weber
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - F Elizabeth Godkin
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Benjamin F Cornish
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - William E McIlroy
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Karen Van Ooteghem
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
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Jin L, Liu Z, Altintas M, Zheng Y, Liu Z, Yao S, Fan Y, Li Y. Wearable Piezoelectric Airflow Transducers for Human Respiratory and Metabolic Monitoring. ACS Sens 2022; 7:2281-2292. [PMID: 35868024 PMCID: PMC9425556 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c00824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Despite the importance of respiration and metabolism measurement in daily life, they are not widely available to ordinary people because of sophisticated and expensive equipment. Here, we first report a straightforward and economical approach to monitoring respiratory function and metabolic rate using a wearable piezoelectric airflow transducer (WPAT). A self-shielded bend sensor is designed by sticking two uniaxially drawn piezoelectric poly l-lactic acid films with different cutting angles, and then the bend sensor is mounted on one end of a plastic tube to engineer the WPAT. The airflow sensing principle of the WPAT is theoretically determined through finite element simulation, and the WPAT is calibrated with a pulse calibration method. We prove that the WPAT has similar accuracy (correlation coefficient >0.99) to a pneumotachometer in respiratory flow and lung volume assessment. We demonstrate metabolism measurement using the WPAT and the relationship between minute volume and metabolic rates via human wear trials. The mean difference of measured metabolic rates between the WPAT and a Biopac indirect calorimeter is 0.015 kcal/min, which shows comparable performance. Significantly, unlike the Biopac indirect calorimeter with an airflow sensor, an oxygen gas sensor, and a carbon dioxide gas sensor, we merely use the simple-structured WPAT to measure metabolism. Thus, we expect the WPAT technology to provide a precise, convenient, and cost-effective respiratory and metabolic monitoring solution for next-generation medical home care applications and wearable healthcare systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Jin
- Department
of Materials, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Zekun Liu
- Department
of Materials, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Mucahit Altintas
- Computer
and Informatics Engineering, Istanbul Technical
University, Istanbul 34469, Turkey
| | - Yan Zheng
- Department
of Materials, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Zhangchi Liu
- Department
of Materials, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Sirui Yao
- Department
of Materials, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Yangyang Fan
- Department
of Materials, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
| | - Yi Li
- Department
of Materials, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.,College
of Textile Science and Engineering, Xi’an
Polytechnic University, Xi’an 710048, China,
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Sarma MS, Ocobock CJ, Martin S, Rochelle S, Croom BP, Gettler LT. Sex differences and shifts in body composition, physical activity, and total energy expenditure across a 3-month expedition. Am J Hum Biol 2022; 34:e23634. [PMID: 34181295 PMCID: PMC8712621 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES An energetically demanding environment like a wilderness expedition can lead to potent stressors on human physiology and homeostatic balance causing shifts in energy expenditure and body composition. These shifts likely have consequences on overall health and performance and may potentially differ by sex. It is therefore critical to understand the potential differential body composition and energy expenditure changes in response to a novel and challenging environment in both males and female bodies. METHODS Data were collected from 75 healthy individuals (female = 41; ages 18-53) throughout a 3-month long expedition in the American Rockies. Body mass, body fat, and lean muscle mass were measured before, during, and after the course. Physical activity intensity and energy expenditure were also measured in a subset of participants using the wGT3X-BT Actigraph wrist monitor and an accompanying Bluetooth heart rate monitor. RESULTS Over the 3-month period, individuals initially experienced declines in body mass, body fat percentage, and lean muscle mass. Participants partially rebounded from these deficits to maintain overall body mass with a slight recomposition of body fat and lean muscle mass. Our data also demonstrated that sex moderated total energy expenditure, where females experienced a modest decline whereas males experienced an increase in energy expenditure from the beginning to the end of the course. CONCLUSIONS Understanding changes in energy storage in the body and variation in energy expenditure between sexes during a 3-month expedition has critical implications for maintaining health and performance in an energetically demanding environment where resources may be scarce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallika S. Sarma
- Human Spaceflight Lab, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205,Corresponding author’s information: Mallika S. Sarma, Ph.D., Postdoctoral Research Fellow, 710 Ross Research Building, Human Spaceflight Lab, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, Phone: 248-930-2729,
| | - Cara J. Ocobock
- Department of Anthropology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556,The Eck Institute for Global health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556
| | - Sarah Martin
- NOLS Rocky Mountain, The National Outdoor Leadership School, Lander, WY, 82520
| | - Shannon Rochelle
- NOLS Rocky Mountain, The National Outdoor Leadership School, Lander, WY, 82520
| | | | - Lee T. Gettler
- Department of Anthropology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556,The Eck Institute for Global health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556
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Roossien CC, Krops LA, Wempe JB, Verkerke GJ, Reneman MF. Can breathing gases be analyzed without a mouth mask? Proof-of-concept and concurrent validity of a newly developed design with a mask-less headset. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2021; 90:103266. [PMID: 32932012 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2020.103266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A portable headset has been developed to analyze breathing gases and establish the energetic workload of physically active workers. This proof-of-concept study aimed to investigate the following: (1) the validity of the headset compared to indirect calorimetry using a mouth mask; (2) the validity of the headset compared to the validity of oxygen consumption (V̇O2) estimated on the basis of heart rate; (3) the influence of wind on validity; and (4) user experiences of the headset. Fifteen subjects performed a submaximal cycling test twice, once with the headset, and once with a mouth mask and heartrate monitor. Concurrent validity of the headset was analyzed using an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Across all phases, a good correlation between the headset and mouth mask was observed for V̇O2, carbon dioxide production (V̇CO2) and exhaled volume (V̇E) (ICC≥0.72). The headset tended to underestimate V̇O2, V̇CO2 and V̇E at low intensities and to overestimate it at higher intensities. The headset was more valid for estimating V̇O2 (ICC = 0.39) than estimates based on heart rate (ICC = 0.11) (n = 7). Wind flow caused an overestimation (md ≥ 18.4 ± 16.9%) and lowered the correlation of V̇O2 between the headset and the mouth mask to a moderate level (ICC = 0.48). The subjects preferred the headset over the mouth mask because it was more comfortable, did not hinder communication and had lower breathing resistance. The headset appears to be useable for monitoring development of the energetic workloads of physically active workers, being more valid than heart rate monitoring and more practical than indirect calorimetry with a mouth mask. Proof-of-concept was confirmed. Another design step and further validation studies are needed before implementation in the workplace.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Roossien
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - L A Krops
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - J B Wempe
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, the Netherlands; University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - G J Verkerke
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, the Netherlands; University of Twente, Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - M F Reneman
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, the Netherlands
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Lee S, Kuniko M, Han S, Oh T, Taguchi M. Association of Low Energy Availability and Suppressed Metabolic Status in Korean Male Collegiate Soccer Players: A Pilot Study. Am J Mens Health 2020; 14:1557988320982186. [PMID: 33356773 PMCID: PMC7768860 DOI: 10.1177/1557988320982186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Low energy availability (EA) can impair physiological function in athletes. The purpose of this study was to investigate EA status, metabolic status, and bone metabolism with biochemical analysis in Korean male soccer players. Twelve male athletes (18–20 years) completed the study. Body composition and bone mineral density were measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), while VO2 max was determined by an incremental exercise test. Blood samples were taken for bone marker and hormone analyses. Resting energy expenditure (REE) was measured using the Douglas bag method and predicted using the DXA method. Food diaries and heart rates (HR) during training were recorded, and the Profile of Mood States 2 and Eating Attitude Test 26 were completed. Group differences between low EA (LEA <30 kcal/kg FFM/d, n = 5) and high EA (HEA ≥30 kcal/kg FFM/d, n = 7) were evaluated. The mean EA of the all participants was 31.9 ± 9.8 kcal/kg FFM/d with only two participants having an EA above 45 kcal/kg FFM/d. LEA showed suppressed REE (LEA: 26.0 ± 1.7 kcal/kg/d, HEA: 28.8 ± 1.4 kcal/kg/d, p = .011) with a lower REEratio (LEA: 0.91 ± 0.06, HEA: 1.01 ± 0.05, p = .008) as well as a lower insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) level (LEA: 248.6 ± 51.2 ng/mL, HEA: 318.9 ± 43.4 ng/mL, p = .028) compared to HEA. There were no group differences in bone markers or other hormone levels. Korean male athletes exhibited low EA status with suppressed metabolism, but there was limited evidence on the effect of EA on bone metabolism, endocrine system, and psychological parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihyung Lee
- Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Moto Kuniko
- Graduate School of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Seungah Han
- Department of Sports and Leisure Studies, Yongin University, Yongin, Gyeonggi, Korea
| | - Taewoong Oh
- Department of Sports and Leisure Studies, Yongin University, Yongin, Gyeonggi, Korea
| | - Motoko Taguchi
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
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Blakstad MM, Nevins JE, Venkatramanan S, Przybyszewski EM, Haas JD. Iron status is associated with worker productivity, independent of physical effort in Indian tea estate workers. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2020; 45:1360-1367. [DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2020-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Iron deficiency is the most common nutrient deficiency in the world, affecting roughly 40% of women in nonindustrialized countries. Iron is the essential element in hemoglobin, the major carrier of blood oxygen and oxidative metabolism that supports physical and cognitive performance. The relationship between iron and physical work capacity suggests that iron deficient individuals could experience reduced work output. Participants were 138 experienced tea pluckers aged 18–55 years from the Panighatta Tea Estate in Darjeeling District of northern West Bengal, India. Hemoglobin, serum ferritin, and soluble transferrin receptor were measured from venous blood. Energy expenditure was estimated from accelerometry and heart rate, and plucking productivity was measured as amount of tea plucked during the morning work session when temperature and rainfall conditions are optimal. At a given level of energy expenditure, iron deficient, anemic, and iron deficient anemic women plucked less tea during a 3-h period. The results warrant further research as to whether interventions providing supplemental iron might improve worker productivity and work efficiency. Further study should examine evidence of economic incentives for policies and programs targeting nutritional deficiencies. Novelty Anemia predicts up to 2.02 kg (9.1%) less tea plucked per 3 h, or 4.0% lower wage per 3 h, compared with nonanemic women, controlling for physical effort. An increase of 1.0 g/L in hemoglobin concentration predicts 0.71 kg (3.3%) more tea plucked over 3 h. An increase of 1.0 g/L in hemoglobin concentration predicts a 1.6% wage increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia M. Blakstad
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Julie E.H. Nevins
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Sudha Venkatramanan
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste Anne de Bellevue, QC H9X 3V9, Canada
| | | | - Jere D. Haas
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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O’Driscoll R, Turicchi J, Hopkins M, Horgan GW, Finlayson G, Stubbs JR. Improving energy expenditure estimates from wearable devices: A machine learning approach. J Sports Sci 2020; 38:1496-1505. [DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2020.1746088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruairi O’Driscoll
- Appetite Control and Energy Balance Group, School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Jake Turicchi
- Appetite Control and Energy Balance Group, School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Mark Hopkins
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Mathematics and Physical Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | | | - Graham Finlayson
- Appetite Control and Energy Balance Group, School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - James. R. Stubbs
- Appetite Control and Energy Balance Group, School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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McGuire A, Warrington G, Doyle L. Low energy availability in male athletes: A systematic review of incidence, associations, and effects. TRANSLATIONAL SPORTS MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/tsm2.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amy McGuire
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science Waterford Institute of Technology Waterford Ireland
| | - Giles Warrington
- Department of Physical Education and Social Sciences University of Limerick Limerick Ireland
- Sport and Human Performance Research Centre Health Research Institute University of Limerick Limerick Ireland
| | - Lorna Doyle
- Department of Sport and Exercise Science Waterford Institute of Technology Waterford Ireland
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Nagovitsyn R, Chelnokova E, Vaganova O, Smirnova Z, Kutepov M. Calorimetry of students’ heart rate during exercises of various intensity. BIO WEB OF CONFERENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1051/bioconf/20202600033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the study: based on data analysis, to develop a formula for calorimetry of students’ heart rate during physical activity and experimentally prove the effectiveness of its application in the training process. The study participants (n=98) were divided by body weight into groups (n=7), regardless of gender and age (20-25 years). Various mobile devices with the function of heart rate calculation and monitoring of kilocalories burning were used in the implementation of control physical activities at different levels of intensity. Analysis of the obtained calorimetric data for each group and the level of training intensity allowed us to identify patterns and develop a formula based on them for an affordable and simple calculation of kilocalories. N=0.00168-0.098/P, where N is the number of kilocalories burned for 1 heart contraction per 1 kilogram of body weight, P is the heart rate in physical training (beats per minute). An experimental study confirmed the effectiveness of using the author’s formula of heart rate calorimetry for the accuracy and uniformity of kilocalories burning in students when they exercise aerobic physical activity.
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Yang L, Lu K, Forsman M, Lindecrantz K, Seoane F, Ekblom Ö, Eklund J. Evaluation of physiological workload assessment methods using heart rate and accelerometry for a smart wearable system. ERGONOMICS 2019; 62:694-705. [PMID: 30806164 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2019.1566579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Work metabolism (WM) can be accurately estimated by oxygen consumption (VO2), which is commonly assessed by heart rate (HR) in field studies. However, the VO2-HR relationship is influenced by individual capacity and activity characteristics. The purpose of this study was to evaluate three models for estimating WM compared with indirect calorimetry, during simulated work activities. The techniques were: the HR-Flex model; HR branched model, combining HR with hip-worn accelerometers (ACC); and HR + arm-leg ACC model, combining HR with wrist- and thigh-worn ACC. Twelve participants performed five simulated work activities and three submaximal tests. The HR + arm-leg ACC model had the overall best performance with limits of agreement (LoA) of -3.94 and 2.00 mL/min/kg, while the HR-Flex model had -5.01 and 5.36 mL/min/kg and the branched model, -6.71 and 1.52 mL/min/kg. In conclusion, the HR + arm-leg ACC model should, when feasible, be preferred in wearable systems for WM estimation. Practitioner Summary: Work with high energy demand can impair employees' health and life quality. Three models were evaluated for estimating work metabolism during simulated tasks. The model combining heart rate, wrist- and thigh-worn accelerometers showed the best accuracy. This is, when feasible, suggested for wearable systems to assess work metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyun Yang
- a Division of Ergonomics , KTH Royal Institute of Technology , Huddinge , Sweden
- b Institute of Environmental Medicine , Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Ke Lu
- a Division of Ergonomics , KTH Royal Institute of Technology , Huddinge , Sweden
| | - Mikael Forsman
- a Division of Ergonomics , KTH Royal Institute of Technology , Huddinge , Sweden
- b Institute of Environmental Medicine , Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Kaj Lindecrantz
- b Institute of Environmental Medicine , Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm , Sweden
- c Swedish School of Textiles , University of Borås , Borås , Sweden
| | - Fernando Seoane
- c Swedish School of Textiles , University of Borås , Borås , Sweden
- d Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology , Karolinska Institutet , Huddinge , Sweden
| | - Örjan Ekblom
- e Åstrand Laboratory of Work Physiology , The Swedish School of Sport and Health , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Jörgen Eklund
- a Division of Ergonomics , KTH Royal Institute of Technology , Huddinge , Sweden
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11
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The cooperative economy of food: Implications for human life history and physiology. Physiol Behav 2018; 193:196-204. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Brown DE, Katzmarzyk PT, Gotshalk LA. Physical activity level and body composition in a multiethnic sample of school children in Hawaii. Ann Hum Biol 2018; 45:244-248. [DOI: 10.1080/03014460.2018.1465121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel E. Brown
- Department of Anthropology, University of Hawaii, Hilo, HI, USA
| | - Peter T. Katzmarzyk
- Pediatric Obesity and Diabetes, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
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13
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Ocobock CJ. Body fat attenuates muscle mass catabolism among physically active humans in temperate and cold high altitude environments. Am J Hum Biol 2017; 29. [DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Jimenez-Moreno AC, Newman J, Charman SJ, Catt M, Trenell MI, Gorman GS, Hogrel JY, Lochmüller H. Measuring Habitual Physical Activity in Neuromuscular Disorders: A Systematic Review. J Neuromuscul Dis 2017; 4:25-52. [PMID: 28269791 PMCID: PMC5345641 DOI: 10.3233/jnd-160195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Free-living or habitual physical activity (HPA) refers to someone's performance in his or her free-living environment. Neuromuscular disorders (NMD) manifest through HPA, and the observation of HPA can be used to identify clinical risks and to quantify outcomes in research. This review summarizes and analyses previous studies reporting the assessment of HPA in NMD, and may serve as the basis for evidence-based decision-making when considering assessing HPA in this population. METHODS A systematic review was performed to identify all studies related to HPA in NMD, followed by a critical appraisal of the assessment methodology and a final review of the identified HPA tools. RESULTS A total of 22 studies were selected, reporting on eight different direct tools (or activity monitors) and ten structured patient-reported outcomes. Overall, HPA patterns in NMD differ from healthy control populations. There was a noticeable lack of validation studies for these tools and outcome measures in NMD. Very little information regarding feasibility and barriers for the application of these tools in this population have been published. CONCLUSIONS The variety and heterogeneity of tools and methods in the published literature makes the comparison across different studies difficult, and methodological guidelines are warranted. We propose a checklist of considerations for the assessment and reporting of HPA in NMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aura Cecilia Jimenez-Moreno
- John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, MRC centre for Neuromuscular Disease, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, UK
| | - Jane Newman
- Movelab, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, UK
| | - Sarah J. Charman
- Movelab, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, UK
| | - Michael Catt
- Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, UK
| | | | | | - Jean-Yves Hogrel
- Neuromuscular Physiology and Evaluation Lab, Institute of Myology, Paris, France
| | - Hanns Lochmüller
- John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, MRC centre for Neuromuscular Disease, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, UK
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Raichlen DA, Pontzer H, Harris JA, Mabulla AZP, Marlowe FW, Josh Snodgrass J, Eick G, Colette Berbesque J, Sancilio A, Wood BM. Physical activity patterns and biomarkers of cardiovascular disease risk in hunter-gatherers. Am J Hum Biol 2016; 29. [PMID: 27723159 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.22919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Time spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) is a strong predictor of cardiovascular health, yet few humans living in industrialized societies meet current recommendations (150 min/week). Researchers have long suggested that human physiological requirements for aerobic exercise reflect an evolutionary shift to a hunting and gathering foraging strategy, and a recent transition to more sedentary lifestyles likely represents a mismatch with our past in terms of physical activity. The goal of this study is to explore this mismatch by characterizing MVPA and cardiovascular health in the Hadza, a modern hunting and gathering population living in Northern Tanzania. METHODS We measured MVPA using continuous heart rate monitoring in 46 participants recruited from two Hadza camps. As part of a larger survey of health in the Hadza, we measured blood pressure (n = 198) and biomarkers of cardiovascular health (n = 23) including C-reactive protein, cholesterol (Total, HDL, and LDL), and triglycerides. RESULTS We show that Hadza participants spend large amounts of time in MVPA (134.92 ± 8.6 min/day), and maintain these activity levels across the lifespan. In fact, the Hadza engage in over 14 times as much MVPA as subjects participating in large epidemiological studies in the United States. We found no evidence of risk factors for cardiovascular disease in this population (low prevalence of hypertension across the lifespan, optimal levels for biomarkers of cardiovascular health). CONCLUSIONS Our results provide evidence that the hunting and gathering foraging strategy involves high levels of MVPA, supporting the evolutionary medicine model for the relationship between MVPA and cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Raichlen
- School of Anthropology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721
| | - Herman Pontzer
- Department of Anthropology, Hunter College, New York, NY, 10065.,New York Consortium for Evolutionary Primatology
| | - Jacob A Harris
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Institute of Human Origins, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287
| | | | - Frank W Marlowe
- Department of Archaeology and Anthropology, Cambridge University, Cambridge, CB2 1QH, UK
| | - J Josh Snodgrass
- Department of Anthropology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97403
| | - Geeta Eick
- Department of Anthropology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, 97403
| | - J Colette Berbesque
- Centre for Research in Evolutionary Social and Inter-Disciplinary Anthropology, Roehampton University, London, UK
| | - Amelia Sancilio
- Department of Anthropology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520
| | - Brian M Wood
- Department of Anthropology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520
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Bonomi AG, Goldenberg S, Papini G, Kraal J, Stut W, Sartor F, Kemps H. Predicting energy expenditure from photo-plethysmographic measurements of heart rate under beta blocker therapy: Data driven personalization strategies based on mixed models. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2016; 2015:7642-6. [PMID: 26738062 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2015.7320162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Energy expenditure have been often estimated using computational models based on heart rate (HR) and appropriate personalization strategies to account for users cardio-respiratory characteristics. However, medications like beta blockers which are prescribed to treat several cardiac conditions have a direct influence on the cardiovascular system and may impact the relationship between HR and energy expenditure during physical activity (AEE). This study proposes to estimate AEE from HR using mixed models (MIX-REG) by introducing a novel method to personalize the prediction equation. We selected as features to represent the individual random effect in the MIX-REG model those subject characteristics which minimized both estimation error (RMSE) and between-subjects error bias variability. Data from 17 patients post-myocardial infarction were collected during a laboratory protocol. AEE was measured using indirect calorimetry and HR using an innovative wrist worn activity monitor equipped with the Philips Cardio and Motion Monitoring Module (CM3-Generation-1), which is an integrated module including a photo-plethysmographic and accelerometer sensor. The presented method showed large AEE estimation accuracy (RMSE = 1.35 kcal/min) which was comparable to that of models personalized using data from laboratory calibration protocols (HR-FLEX) and was superior to multi-linear regression and MIX-REG models trained using a stepwise features selection procedure.
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Bilici S, Saglam F, Beyhan Y, Barut-Uyar B, Dikmen D, Goktas Z, Attar AJ, Mucka P, Uyar MF. Energy expenditure and nutritional status of coal miners: A cross-sectional study. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH 2016; 71:293-299. [PMID: 26394928 DOI: 10.1080/19338244.2015.1095152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to assess the nutritional status, daily energy intake, and daily energy expenditure of coal miners in Turkey. A total of 135 healthy coal miners (aged 19-64 years) were evaluated. Heart rates were measured using Polar watches, and the total energy expenditure was calculated using physical activity level formula and Hiilloskorpi equation. The average body mass index of the participants was 25.7 ± 3.98 kg/m2, and the average energy intake was 3,973.7 ± 420.85 kcal. According to Dietary Reference Intakes, the energy and nutrient intakes of the miners were adequate, except for the intake of vitamin D. The coal miners were found to be at moderate (43.0%), heavy (41.5%), and very heavy (13.3%) activity levels. Calculations of the energy expenditure at work were found to be 2,189.8 ± 376.19 to 2,788.8 ± 359.89 kcal per day. Further studies have to be conducted for developing national standards for each occupation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saniye Bilici
- a Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Besevler, Gazi University , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Fatma Saglam
- b Department of Nutrition and Dietetics , Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University , Sihhiye , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Yasemin Beyhan
- c Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Halic University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Banugul Barut-Uyar
- a Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Besevler, Gazi University , Ankara , Turkey
- e Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard University Medical School, Endocrinology , Boston , Massachusetts , USA
| | - Derya Dikmen
- b Department of Nutrition and Dietetics , Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University , Sihhiye , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Zeynep Goktas
- b Department of Nutrition and Dietetics , Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University , Sihhiye , Ankara , Turkey
| | - A James Attar
- d Chemical Engineering, North Carolina State University (Retired) , Raleigh , North Carolina , USA
| | - Patrick Mucka
- e Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard University Medical School, Endocrinology , Boston , Massachusetts , USA
| | - M Fatih Uyar
- b Department of Nutrition and Dietetics , Faculty of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University , Sihhiye , Ankara , Turkey
- e Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard University Medical School, Endocrinology , Boston , Massachusetts , USA
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Ocobock C. Human energy expenditure, allocation, and interactions in natural temperate, hot, and cold environments. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2016; 161:667-675. [PMID: 27561011 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this research is to analyze how energy is allocated differently in temperate, hot, and cold environments among National Outdoor Leadership School students. METHOD Basal metabolic rate, physical activity, thermoregulation, and the thermic effect of food were estimated to determine the total energy expenditure and energy allocation differences among a group of healthy, highly active adults (N = 59) participating in National Outdoor Leadership School courses in the western United States. Two of these courses took place in both hot and temperate climates (N = 22) and the other two in both temperate and cold climates (N = 28). Data from a pilot study (N = 6) in a temperate climate were also included. Each climate regime lasted for one month. RESULTS Total energy expenditure values were statistically equivalent in temperate and hot climates (p = .97). However, subjects experienced significantly higher total energy expenditures in cold climates (p < .0001), expending an additional ∼1550 kcal day-1 . There is a significant interaction between physical activity and thermoregulation, such that physical activity reduces thermoregulatory costs in cold climates, but increases it in hot climates. CONCLUSIONS Dissection of the energy budget revealed that total energy expenditure is significantly higher in cold climates. This is due to a combination of high levels of physical activity and high thermoregulatory costs. High levels of physical activity may substantially lower the cost of thermoregulation in cold climates, and this interaction should be taken into account when estimating TEE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara Ocobock
- Department of Anthropology, University at Albany
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Affiliation(s)
- Herman Pontzer
- Hunter College, City University of New York, and New York Consortium for Evolutionary Primatology, New York, NY 10065;
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Ocobock C. The allocation and interaction model: A new model for predicting total energy expenditure of highly active humans in natural environments. Am J Hum Biol 2015; 28:372-80. [DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.22797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Revised: 08/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Ekman C, Elgzyri T, Ström K, Almgren P, Parikh H, Dekker Nitert M, Rönn T, Manderson Koivula F, Ling C, Tornberg ÅB, Wollmer P, Eriksson KF, Groop L, Hansson O. Less pronounced response to exercise in healthy relatives to type 2 diabetic subjects compared with controls. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2015; 119:953-60. [PMID: 26338460 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01067.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Healthy first-degree relatives with heredity of type 2 diabetes (FH+) are known to have metabolic inflexibility compared with subjects without heredity for diabetes (FH-). In this study, we aimed to test the hypothesis that FH+ individuals have an impaired response to exercise compared with FH-. Sixteen FH+ and 19 FH- insulin-sensitive men similar in age, peak oxygen consumption (V̇o2 peak), and body mass index completed an exercise intervention with heart rate monitored during exercise for 7 mo. Before and after the exercise intervention, the participants underwent a physical examination and tests for glucose tolerance and exercise capacity, and muscle biopsies were taken for expression analysis. The participants attended, on average, 39 training sessions during the intervention and spent 18.8 MJ on exercise. V̇o2 peak/kg increased by 14%, and the participants lost 1.2 kg of weight and 3 cm waist circumference. Given that the FH+ group expended 61% more energy during the intervention, we used regression analysis to analyze the response in the FH+ and FH- groups separately. Exercise volume had a significant effect on V̇o2 peak, weight, and waist circumference in the FH- group, but not in the FH+ group. After exercise, expression of genes involved in metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, and cellular respiration increased more in the FH- compared with the FH+ group. This suggests that healthy, insulin-sensitive FH+ and FH- participants with similar age, V̇o2 peak, and body mass index may respond differently to an exercise intervention. The FH+ background might limit muscle adaptation to exercise, which may contribute to the increased susceptibility to type 2 diabetes in FH+ individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ekman
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research Centre, Malmö University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - T Elgzyri
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research Centre, Malmö University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - K Ström
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research Centre, Malmö University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden; Swedish Winter Sports Research Centre, Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Östersund, Sweden
| | - P Almgren
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research Centre, Malmö University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - H Parikh
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research Centre, Malmö University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden; Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Marloes Dekker Nitert
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research Centre, Malmö University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - T Rönn
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research Centre, Malmö University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | - C Ling
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research Centre, Malmö University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Å B Tornberg
- Department of Health Sciences, Division of Physiotherapy, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Genetic Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Lund University Diabetes Center, Clinical Research Centre, Malmö, Sweden; and
| | - P Wollmer
- Department of Health Sciences, Division of Physiotherapy, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine Unit, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - K F Eriksson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research Centre, Malmö University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - L Groop
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research Centre, Malmö University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - O Hansson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research Centre, Malmö University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden;
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Dubé PA, Imbeau D, Dubeau D, Auger I, Leone M. Prediction of work metabolism from heart rate measurements in forest work: some practical methodological issues. ERGONOMICS 2015; 58:2040-2056. [PMID: 26046487 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2015.1044920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Individual heart rate (HR) to workload relationships were determined using 93 submaximal step-tests administered to 26 healthy participants attending physical activities in a university training centre (laboratory study) and 41 experienced forest workers (field study). Predicted maximum aerobic capacity (MAC) was compared to measured MAC from a maximal treadmill test (laboratory study) to test the effect of two age-predicted maximum HR Equations (220-age and 207-0.7 × age) and two clothing insulation levels (0.4 and 0.91 clo) during the step-test. Work metabolism (WM) estimated from forest work HR was compared against concurrent work V̇O2 measurements while taking into account the HR thermal component. Results show that MAC and WM can be accurately predicted from work HR measurements and simple regression models developed in this study (1% group mean prediction bias and up to 25% expected prediction bias for a single individual). Clothing insulation had no impact on predicted MAC nor age-predicted maximum HR equations. Practitioner summary: This study sheds light on four practical methodological issues faced by practitioners regarding the use of HR methodology to assess WM in actual work environments. More specifically, the effect of wearing work clothes and the use of two different maximum HR prediction equations on the ability of a submaximal step-test to assess MAC are examined, as well as the accuracy of using an individual's step-test HR to workload relationship to predict WM from HR data collected during actual work in the presence of thermal stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe-Antoine Dubé
- a Department of Industrial Engineering and Mathematics , Polytechnique Montréal , C.P. 6079, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal , Québec , Canada H3C 3A7
| | - Daniel Imbeau
- a Department of Industrial Engineering and Mathematics , Polytechnique Montréal , C.P. 6079, Succursale Centre-Ville, Montréal , Québec , Canada H3C 3A7
| | - Denise Dubeau
- b Direction de la recherche forestière , Ministère des Forêts, de la Faune et des Parcs , 2700, rue Einstein, Québec (Québec) , Canada H3C 3A7
| | - Isabelle Auger
- b Direction de la recherche forestière , Ministère des Forêts, de la Faune et des Parcs , 2700, rue Einstein, Québec (Québec) , Canada H3C 3A7
| | - Mario Leone
- c Département des Sciences de la santé , Université du Québec à Chicoutimi , 555, Boulevard de l'Université, Chicoutimi , Québec , Canada G7H 2B1
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Soer R, Hollak N, Deijs M, van der Woude LH, Reneman MF. Matching physical work demands with functional capacity in healthy workers: can it be more efficient? APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2014; 45:1116-1122. [PMID: 24657081 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2014.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Revised: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine if functional capacity (FC) and physical work demands can be matched and to determine the validity of normative values for FC related to physical work demands as a screening instrument for work ability. METHODS Forty healthy working subjects were included in this study. Subjects were categorized into four physical work demand categories (sedentary, light, moderate and heavy). FC was tested with a standardized Functional Capacity Evaluation (FCE) following the WorkWell Protocol and physical work demands were determined with an onsite Work Load Assessment (WLA) according to the Task Recording and Analyses on Computer (TRAC) method. Physical work demands were compared to FC and normative values derived from previous research. RESULTS 88% of the subjects scored higher on FCE than observed during WLA. The tenth percentile of normative values appeared valid in 98% for sedentary/light work for the subjects tested in this study. For moderate or heavy work, the thirtieth percentile of normative values appeared valid in 78% of all cases. CONCLUSION Functional capacity and physical work demands can be matched in most instances, but exceptions should be kept in mind with regards to professions classified as moderate or heavy physical work, especially concerning lifting high. Normative values may be considered as an additional screening tool for balancing workload and capacity. It is recommended to further validate normative values in a broader and more extensive working population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Remko Soer
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Center for Rehabilitation, The Netherlands; University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen Spine Center, The Netherlands; Expertise Center of Health, Social Care and Technology, Saxion Universities of Applied Sciences, Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - Niek Hollak
- Center for Human Movement Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Xsens Technologies B.V., Pantheon 6a, 7521 PR Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Marieke Deijs
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Center for Rehabilitation, The Netherlands
| | - Lucas H van der Woude
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Center for Rehabilitation, The Netherlands; Center for Human Movement Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Michiel F Reneman
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Center for Rehabilitation, The Netherlands
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Hills AP, Mokhtar N, Byrne NM. Assessment of physical activity and energy expenditure: an overview of objective measures. Front Nutr 2014; 1:5. [PMID: 25988109 PMCID: PMC4428382 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2014.00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to assess energy expenditure (EE) and estimate physical activity (PA) in free-living individuals is extremely important in the global context of non-communicable diseases including malnutrition, overnutrition (obesity), and diabetes. It is also important to appreciate that PA and EE are different constructs with PA defined as any bodily movement that results in EE and accordingly, energy is expended as a result of PA. However, total energy expenditure, best assessed using the criterion doubly labeled water (DLW) technique, includes components in addition to physical activity energy expenditure, namely resting energy expenditure and the thermic effect of food. Given the large number of assessment techniques currently used to estimate PA in humans, it is imperative to understand the relative merits of each. The goal of this review is to provide information on the utility and limitations of a range of objective measures of PA and their relationship with EE. The measures discussed include those based on EE or oxygen uptake including DLW, activity energy expenditure, physical activity level, and metabolic equivalent; those based on heart rate monitoring and motion sensors; and because of their widespread use, selected subjective measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P Hills
- Centre for Nutrition and Exercise, Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland , South Brisbane, QLD , Australia ; Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University , Gold Coast, QLD , Australia
| | - Najat Mokhtar
- Nutritional and Health-Related Environmental Studies Section, International Atomic Energy Agency , Vienna , Austria
| | - Nuala M Byrne
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University , Gold Coast, QLD , Australia
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Schrack JA, Zipunnikov V, Goldsmith J, Bandeen-Roche K, Crainiceanu CM, Ferrucci L. Estimating energy expenditure from heart rate in older adults: a case for calibration. PLoS One 2014; 9:e93520. [PMID: 24787146 PMCID: PMC4005766 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Accurate measurement of free-living energy expenditure is vital to understanding changes in energy metabolism with aging. The efficacy of heart rate as a surrogate for energy expenditure is rooted in the assumption of a linear function between heart rate and energy expenditure, but its validity and reliability in older adults remains unclear. Objective To assess the validity and reliability of the linear function between heart rate and energy expenditure in older adults using different levels of calibration. Design Heart rate and energy expenditure were assessed across five levels of exertion in 290 adults participating in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. Correlation and random effects regression analyses assessed the linearity of the relationship between heart rate and energy expenditure and cross-validation models assessed predictive performance. Results Heart rate and energy expenditure were highly correlated (r = 0.98) and linear regardless of age or sex. Intra-person variability was low but inter-person variability was high, with substantial heterogeneity of the random intercept (s.d. = 0.372) despite similar slopes. Cross-validation models indicated individual calibration data substantially improves accuracy predictions of energy expenditure from heart rate, reducing the potential for considerable measurement bias. Although using five calibration measures provided the greatest reduction in the standard deviation of prediction errors (1.08 kcals/min), substantial improvement was also noted with two (0.75 kcals/min). Conclusion These findings indicate standard regression equations may be used to make population-level inferences when estimating energy expenditure from heart rate in older adults but caution should be exercised when making inferences at the individual level without proper calibration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A. Schrack
- Longitudinal Studies Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Center on Aging and Health, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Vadim Zipunnikov
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jeff Goldsmith
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Karen Bandeen-Roche
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Center on Aging and Health, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ciprian M. Crainiceanu
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Longitudinal Studies Section, Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
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Broderick JM, Ryan J, O’Donnell DM, Hussey J. A guide to assessing physical activity using accelerometry in cancer patients. Support Care Cancer 2014; 22:1121-30. [DOI: 10.1007/s00520-013-2102-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Leonard WR. Laboratory and field methods for measuring human energy expenditure. Am J Hum Biol 2012; 24:372-84. [PMID: 22419374 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.22260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2012] [Revised: 02/01/2012] [Accepted: 02/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Energetics research is central to the field of human biology. Energy is an important currency for measuring adaptation, because both its acquisition and allocation for biological processes have important implications for survival and reproduction. Recent technological and methodological advances are now allowing human biologists to study variation in energy dynamics with much greater accuracy in a wide variety of ecological contexts. This article provides an overview of the methods used for measuring human energy expenditure (EE) and considers some of the important ecological and evolutionary questions that can be explored from an energetics perspective. Basic principles of calorimetry are first presented, followed by an overview of the equipment used for measuring human EE and work capacity. Methods for measuring three important dimensions of human EE-resting metabolic rate, working/exercising EE, and total EE-are then presented, highlighting key areas of ongoing research.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R Leonard
- Laboratory for Human Biology Research, Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA.
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Rumo M, Amft O, Tröster G, Mäder U. A stepwise validation of a wearable system for estimating energy expenditure in field-based research. Physiol Meas 2011; 32:1983-2001. [DOI: 10.1088/0967-3334/32/12/008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Juvenile Subsistence Effort, Activity Levels, and Growth Patterns. HUMAN NATURE-AN INTERDISCIPLINARY BIOSOCIAL PERSPECTIVE 2011; 22:303-26. [DOI: 10.1007/s12110-011-9122-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Madimenos FC, Snodgrass JJ, Blackwell AD, Liebert MA, Sugiyama LS. Physical activity in an indigenous Ecuadorian forager-horticulturalist population as measured using accelerometry. Am J Hum Biol 2011; 23:488-97. [PMID: 21538650 PMCID: PMC3110644 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.21163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2010] [Revised: 12/21/2010] [Accepted: 01/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Minimal information on physical activity is available for non-Western populations undergoing the transition to a market economy. This is unfortunate given the importance of these data for understanding health issues such as the global obesity epidemic. We consider the utility of using accelerometry technology to examine activity patterns and energy use regulation among indigenous Shuar, an Ecuadorian forager-horticulturalist population undergoing economic and lifestyle change. We investigate sex differences in Shuar activity patterns and the effects of reproductive status on activity. Finally, we discuss the potential of accelerometry use in human biology research. METHODS Physical activity levels were measured using Actical accelerometers in 49 indigenous Shuar adults (23 males, 26 females) from a rural Ecuadorian community. Female participants were in various reproductive states including pregnant, lactating, and nonpregnant/nonlactating. RESULTS Activity counts (AC), activity energy expenditure (AEE), and physical activity levels (PAL) were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in males than females. Significant differences in energy expenditure were found among pregnant or lactating females and males with pregnant or lactating partners (P < 0.001). Males with pregnant or lactating partners also had significantly higher activity levels than did other men (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Shuar activity levels are relatively low compared to other non-Western populations. Despite increasing market integration, pregnant and lactating females seem to be adopting a strategy noted in other subsistence populations where male participation in subsistence activities increases to compensate for their partners' elevated reproductive costs. Despite certain limitations, use of accelerometry in human biology research shows promise.
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Harwood B, Edwards DL, Jakobi JM. Age- and sex-related differences for electromyography gaps during daily activity and a discrete task. Gait Posture 2011; 34:6-12. [PMID: 21531563 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2011.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2009] [Revised: 02/10/2011] [Accepted: 02/19/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Temporal patterns of quiescent electromyography termed 'gaps' were investigated in young and old men and women for a discrete task and daily activity. Gaps in women (1.3±3.2) and old adults (1.5±3.4) were fewer compared with men (4.7±6.7) and young adults (4.6±6.9) for the discrete task (p<0.001). Gap duration was shorter for women (0.1±0.2s) and old adults (0.1±0.3s) compared with men (0.2±0.3s) and young adults (0.2±0.2s) (p<0.01). For daily activity, gap number was similar with age, but gap duration and percentage of total time occupied by gaps were less in old compared with young adults (50%), and in women compared with men (43%) (p<0.001). Results suggest gap activity is sensitive to type and duration of activity and that old adults and women demonstrate less quiescent electromyography than young adults and men.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Harwood
- School of Kinesiology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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Kramer KL, Ellison PT. Pooled energy budgets: Resituating human energy -allocation trade-offs. Evol Anthropol 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/evan.20265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Lee M, Zhu W, Hedrick B, Fernhall B. Estimating MET values using the ratio of HR for persons with paraplegia. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2010; 42:985-90. [PMID: 19997011 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0b013e3181c0652b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The current compendium of physical activity (CPA) cannot be applied to persons with disabilities due to the lack of physical activity (PA) they are regularly engaged in and inaccurate MET values when applied to persons with disabilities. PURPOSE The purposes of this study were (a) to determine whether HR ratio during PA and resting can be used to accurately predict MET values of PA in persons with paraplegia, (b) to compare individual calibration (IC) with group calibration (GC) in error reduction, and (c) to examine prediction generalizability through a cross-validation design. METHODS Twenty-seven participants (aged 18-45 yr) with complete and incomplete paraplegia at T6 to L4 participated in this study. Oxygen uptake (VO2) and HR were measured simultaneously at rest and during 10 PA using indirect calorimetry and a Polar HR monitor. Predicted METs were calculated using the HR ratio for six activities by applying regression analysis by group (GC) and individuals (IC), respectively. The derived equations were then cross-validated using the four other activities, and corresponding METs were calculated. Absolute error rates (AC), paired t-test, and correlation (r) were used to determine the absolute and relative difference between observed and predicted METs. RESULTS The overall correlation coefficient (r) between HR ratio and observed METs was 0.77 using group regression and 0.93 +/- 0.05 using individual regression. GC (R2 = 0.59, AC = 0.07%-65.25%) was less accurate than IC (R2 = 0.90 +/- 0.10, AC = 1.64%-10.26%). Cross-validation results also showed higher correlations for IC (r = 0.90 in IC and 0.72 in GC) between observed and predicted METs. CONCLUSIONS HR ratio was able to accurately predict METs of persons with paraplegia. IC estimated METs more accurately than GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miyoung Lee
- Movement Studies in Disability, Department of Nutrition and Exercise Sciences, Oregon State University, 103 Women's Bldg, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA.
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Wong AW, McDonagh D, Omeni O, Nunn C, Hernandez-Silveira M, Burdett AJ. Sensium: an ultra-low-power wireless body sensor network platform: design & application challenges. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2010; 2009:6576-9. [PMID: 19964698 DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2009.5334001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In this paper we present a system-on-chip for wireless body sensor networks, which integrates a transceiver, hardware MAC protocol, microprocessor, IO peripherals, memories, ADC and custom sensor interfaces. Addressing the challenges in the design, this paper will continue to discuss the issues in the applications of this technology to body worn monitoring for real-time measurement of ECG, heart rate, physical activity, respiration and/or skin temperature. Two application challenges are described; the real-time measurement of energy expenditure using the LifePebble, and; the development issues surrounding the 'Digital Patch'.
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Affiliation(s)
- A W Wong
- Toumaz Technology Ltd., Building 3, 115 Milton Park, Abindgon, Oxfordshire, UK.
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Gettler LT. Direct Male Care and Hominin Evolution: Why Male-Child Interaction Is More Than a Nice Social Idea. AMERICAN ANTHROPOLOGIST 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1548-1433.2009.01193.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Kramer PA. The effect on energy expenditure of walking on gradients or carrying burdens. Am J Hum Biol 2010; 22:497-507. [DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.21027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Kramer KL, Greaves RD, Ellison PT. Early reproductive maturity among Pumé foragers: Implications of a pooled energy model to fast life histories. Am J Hum Biol 2009; 21:430-7. [PMID: 19402033 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.20930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Life history theory places central importance on relationships between ontogeny, reproduction, and mortality. Fast human life histories have been theoretically and empirically associated with high mortality regimes. This relationship, however, poses an unanswered question about energy allocation. In epidemiologically stressful environments, a greater proportion of energy is allocated to immune function. If growth and maintenance are competing energetic expenditures, less energy should be available for growth, and the mechanism to sustain rapid maturation remains unclear. The human pattern of extended juvenile provisioning and resource sharing may provide an important source of variation in energy availability not predicted by tradeoff models that assume independence at weaning. We consider a group of South American foragers to evaluate the effects that pooled energy budgets may have on early reproduction. Despite growing up in an environment with distinct seasonal under-nutrition, harsh epidemiological conditions, and no health care, Pumé girls mature quickly and initiate childbearing in their midteens. Pooled energy budgets compensate for the low productivity of girls not only through direct food transfers but importantly by reducing energy they would otherwise expend in foraging activities to meet metabolic requirements. We suggest that pooled energy budgets affect energy availability at both extrinsic and intrinsic levels. Because energy budgets are pooled, Pumé girls and young women are buffered from environmental downturns and can maximize energy allocated to growth completion and initiate reproduction earlier than a traditional bound-energy model would predict.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen L Kramer
- Department of Anthropology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA.
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Kang D, Woo JH, Shin YC. Distribution and determinants of maximal physical work capacity of Korean male metal workers. ERGONOMICS 2007; 50:2137-47. [PMID: 17852374 DOI: 10.1080/00140130701450153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The distribution of maximal physical work capacity (MPWC) can be used to establish an upper limit for energy expenditure during work (EEwork). If physically demanding work has wearing effects, there will be a negative relationship between MPWC and workload. This study was conducted to investigate the distribution of MPWC among Korean metal workers and to examine the relationship between workload and MPWC. MPWC was estimated with a bicycle ergometer using a submaximal test. Energy expenditure was estimated by measuring heart rates during work. The study subjects were 507 male employees from several metal industries in Korea. They had a lower absolute VO2max than the Caucasian populations described in previous studies. The older workers had a lower physical capacity and a greater overload at work. A negative relationship was found between MPWC and workload across all age groups. Upper limits for EEwork for all age groups and for older age groups are recommended based on the 5th percentile value of MPWC.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Kang
- Department of Preventive and Occupational Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea.
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Holt HB, Wild SH, Wareham N, Ekelund U, Umpleby M, Shojaee-Moradie F, Holt RIG, Phillips DI, Byrne CD. Differential effects of fatness, fitness and physical activity energy expenditure on whole-body, liver and fat insulin sensitivity. Diabetologia 2007; 50:1698-706. [PMID: 17534596 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-007-0705-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2007] [Accepted: 04/17/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The relative contributions of fitness (maximal oxygen uptake), physical activity energy expenditure (PAEE) and fatness to whole-body, liver and fat insulin sensitivity is uncertain. The aim of this study was to determine whether fitness and PAEE are associated with whole-body, liver and fat insulin sensitivity independently of body fat. MATERIALS AND METHODS We recruited 25 men (mean [SD] age 53 [6] years). Whole-body (M value) and liver (percentage suppression of endogenous glucose output) insulin sensitivity were estimated using a hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp. Insulin sensitivity in fat (insulin sensitivity index for NEFA) was estimated during an OGTT. Total and truncal fat were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, fitness by treadmill, and PAEE (n = 21) by 3 day heart rate monitoring and Baecke questionnaire. RESULTS In univariate analyses, fatness was strongly associated with insulin sensitivity (whole-body, liver and fat). Fitness was associated with whole-body (r = 0.53, p < 0.007) and liver (0.42, p = 0.04) insulin sensitivity, while PAEE was associated with liver insulin sensitivity (r = 0.55, p = 0.01). Regression models were established to describe associations between fatness, fitness and physical activity and measures of insulin sensitivity (whole-body, fat and liver) as outcomes. Only fatness was independently associated with whole-body insulin sensitivity (B coefficient -0.01, p = 0.001). Fitness was not associated with any outcome. Only PAEE was independently associated with liver insulin sensitivity (B coefficient 13.5, p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Fatness explains most of the variance in whole-body insulin sensitivity. In contrast, PAEE explains most of the variance in liver insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- H B Holt
- Endocrinology and Metabolism, DOHaD Division,School of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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Brosh A. Heart rate measurements as an index of energy expenditure and energy balance in ruminants: A review1. J Anim Sci 2007; 85:1213-27. [PMID: 17224466 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2006-298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A major part of the ME consumed by ruminants (MEI) is dissipated as heat. This fraction, called heat production or energy expenditure (EE), is assayed largely by measuring O2 consumption (VO2). Conventional measurement of EE in controlled conditions in chambers does not reflect the complexity of natural, environmental, and social conditions of free-ranging animals. In mammals, most of the measured VO2 is transferred to the tissues through the heart; therefore, regression of heart rate (HR) against VO2 can be used to estimate the EE of free-ranging animals. The present article reviews the current knowledge on the use of HR for estimating EE. Energy expenditure can be determined from HR measurements, recorded daily over the course of several days, multiplied by the VO2 per beat. When an animal does not perform significant exercise, a constant value of VO2 per beat [O2 pulse (O2P)] measured over a short period (10 to 15 min) is used; during exercise, O2P increases, and the regression equation of VO2 against HR is used. Under extreme heat load, HR increases to improve heat dissipation, and O2P decreases; therefore, the effect of heat load on O2P needs to be taken into account. Cold stress that doubles heat production does not affect O2P. Heart rate and EE are highly correlated with MEI, but there is significant individual variation in the relationship; therefore, the daily change in the HR of individual animals can be used as an indicator of changes in the individual energy status of a ruminant, and the average HR of the group can serve in the estimation of the energy status of the group. When O2P is measured, the average group EE is an indication of the energy balance of the whole group. Because the MEI of nondraft animals is the sum of EE and retained energy (RE), the MEI of free-ranging ruminants can be determined by measurement of EE by the HR method and adding the RE. Similarly, the RE can be determined without slaughtering the animals from measurements of EE and MEI. Soon when devices for automatic HR monitoring of domestic ruminants become available at a reasonable price, continuous monitoring of HR might provide producers with a sensitive tool for identifying changes in the energy status of their animals. This will also significantly help to shorten the time needed to identify health problems of individual animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Brosh
- Beef Cattle Section, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization, Ramat Yishay 30095, Israel.
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Sorensen MV, Leonard WR, Tarskaya LA, Ivanov KI, Snodgrass JJ, Alekseev VP, Krivoshapkin VG, Rifai N. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein, adiposity, and blood pressure in the Yakut of Siberia. Am J Hum Biol 2006; 18:766-75. [PMID: 17039474 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.20547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
C-reactive protein (CRP), an acute-phase reactant and marker of inflammatory response, is known to be an important predictor of future cardiovascular mortality, independent of other risk factors. The purpose of this research was to investigate the association between CRP, adiposity, and blood pressure in the Yakut, an indigenous Siberian population undergoing rapid cultural change. We conducted a cross-sectional study of 265 healthy Yakut adults in six villages in rural northeastern Siberia. Plasma CRP was measured by high-sensitivity immunoturbidimetric assay. The median CRP value was 0.85 mg/l, with values for the 25th, 50th, and 75th percentiles of 0.30, 0.85, and 2.28 mg/l, respectively. CRP was positively associated with age (r = 0.19; P = 0.002), but not plasma lipids or smoking status. CRP was associated with measures of central adiposity and characteristics of the metabolic syndrome, particularly in women. We found significantly higher CRP across quintiles (Q) of waist circumference for women (difference = 0.7 mg/l; P = 0.035), but not men (difference = 0.36 mg/l; P = 0.515). CRP was significantly associated with systolic blood pressure in men (difference, Q1 vs. Q5 = 1.1 mg/l; P = 0.044) but not women (difference, Q1 vs. Q5 = 0.03 mg/l; P = 0.713) after adjusting for age, waist circumference, and smoking status. CRP in the Yakut was considerably lower than was reported for other populations. The low CRP levels may be explained in part by a low prevalence of abdominal obesity. Among the Yakut, the high physical-activity demands of a traditional herding lifeway likely play a role through high energy expenditure and maintenance of negative energy balance. Our findings underscore the need for further research on the metabolic activity of adipose tissue, blood pressure, and inflammatory activation in non-Western populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M V Sorensen
- Department of Anthropology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27516-3115, USA.
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Varray A. Question 3-6. Les questionnaires d’activité physique - application aux BPCO. Rev Mal Respir 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s0761-8425(05)85703-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Leonard WR, Snodgrass JJ, Sorensen MV. METABOLIC ADAPTATION IN INDIGENOUS SIBERIAN POPULATIONS. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANTHROPOLOGY 2005. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev.anthro.34.081804.120558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Previous research has suggested that arctic populations have elevated metabolic rates in response to their cold, marginal climate. Recent studies of indigenous Siberian groups have confirmed these earlier findings and have shed light on the mechanisms through which northern populations adapt to their environments. Indigenous Siberians show significant elevations in basal metabolic rate compared with reference values. Total energy expenditure is variable across Siberian groups and is correlated with levels of acculturation. Siberian populations appear to have adapted to cold stress through both short-term acclimatization and genetic adaptations, with thyroid hormones playing an important role in shaping metabolic responses. Elevated metabolic rates also have important consequences for health and may contribute to the low serum lipid levels observed in Siberian groups. Further research is needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of metabolic adaptation and their implications for ongoing health changes among indigenous Siberians.
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Affiliation(s)
- William R. Leonard
- Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208;,
| | - J. Josh Snodgrass
- Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208;,
| | - Mark V. Sorensen
- Department of Anthropology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599
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Hall RL. Energetics of nose and mouth breathing, body size, body composition, and nose volume in young adult males and females. Am J Hum Biol 2005; 17:321-30. [PMID: 15849711 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.20122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
This research tests the relative ability of body size factors and sex to explain variation in nose volume and to explain metabolic measures during rest and moderate exercise in 50 young adults. It uses standard anthropometric measures plus two new measures of nose morphology (nose/face angle and nose volume) and evaluates body composition with a device for air displacement plethysmography. Standard physiological measures were obtained in nose-only and mouth-only breathing conditions with subjects at rest and using moderate exercise. A factor representing linear and bulk measures of body size and a factor representing lean body mass explain subjects' variation in nose volume, resting volume of oxygen consumed (VO2), and resting ventilation volume (VV) better than subject's sex does. By contrast, during exercise, sex explains VO2 and VV better than do body size factors, probably because hormone-mediated muscularity in males produced greater work output. Nose breathing was found to be more energetically efficient in most but not all subjects, but additional research is needed to explore this finding further. Qualitative comparisons between modes of breathing and the application of this research protocol to studies of climate-related patterns of nasal variation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta L Hall
- Department of Anthropology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA.
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McDonald CM, Widman LM, Walsh DD, Walsh SA, Abresch RT. Use of step activity monitoring for continuous physical activity assessment in boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2005; 86:802-8. [PMID: 15827935 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2004.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the StepWatch Activity Monitor (SAM) as a quantitative measure of community ambulation, to investigate activity patterns and heart rate of ambulatory boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), and to correlate the step activity with measures of body composition and strength. DESIGN Case-control study. SETTING General community and laboratory. PARTICIPANTS Sixteen ambulatory boys with DMD and 20 male controls (age range, 5-13 y). INTERVENTIONS Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Laboratory determinations of body composition, knee extension strength, and minute-by-minute step rate and heart rate during 3 days of community activity. RESULTS During the 3 days of activity, DMD subjects, when compared with controls, (1) had significantly more inactive minutes (1096+/-90 min/d vs 1028+/-85 min/d), (2) took significantly fewer steps and spent fewer minutes at moderate (66+/-31 min/d vs 94+/-30 min/d) and high step rates (43+/-30 min/d vs 72+/-38 min/d), (3) had higher resting heart rate (110+/-12 beats/min vs 94+/-7 beats/min) and lower increase in heart rate with increased step rate, and (4) had lower maximum heart rates (164+/-24 beats/min vs 208+/-16 beats/min). Percentage of body fat and knee extension strength correlated with total step activity in the DMD group but not in the control group. CONCLUSIONS Step-rate monitoring with the SAM provides useful outcome measures with which to evaluate the activity of ambulatory boys with DMD. Their heart rate did not increase with activity to the same degree as observed in the control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig M McDonald
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, NIDRR Rehabilitation Research and Training Center in Neuromuscular Diseases, University of California, Davis Medical Center, Sacremento, CA 95817, USA.
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Iannotti RJ, Claytor RP, Horn TS, Chen R. Heart Rate Monitoring as a Measure of Physical Activity in Children. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2004; 36:1964-71. [PMID: 15514514 DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000145445.54609.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Using a larger sample and broader range of activities than most previous investigations of HR monitoring, this study examined the need for individual calibration of the HR-VO2 prediction equation, the effect of including low-intensity activities when establishing the HR-VO2 equation, comparisons of different methods for calculating HR-VO2 prediction equations for maximum energy expenditure (EE) variance, and the effect of these different methods when applied to free-living HR data. METHODS Forty-three children ages 8 to 12 completed laboratory assessments of the relationship between HR and VO2. Different methods of estimating daily EE were applied to free-living HR data collected from 37 of these children. RESULTS There was significant individual variation in the HR-VO2 prediction equations. HR monitoring predicted VO2 during low-intensity activities, below most established cut points. Individual differences persisted during both high- and low-intensity activities. Although a HR-VO2 prediction equation generated from the group accounted for 85% of the variance in EE, significant improvements in prediction were achieved with individualized HR-VO2 prediction equations that took into account low-intensity activity levels. CONCLUSION Generic equations derived from group data may be suitable for some applications. However, for investigators requiring more precision, individual HR-VO2 equations significantly improve prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald J Iannotti
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, MD 20892-7510, USA.
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