11
|
Davies G, Lam M, Harris SE, Trampush JW, Luciano M, Hill WD, Hagenaars SP, Ritchie SJ, Marioni RE, Fawns-Ritchie C, Liewald DCM, Okely JA, Ahola-Olli AV, Barnes CLK, Bertram L, Bis JC, Burdick KE, Christoforou A, DeRosse P, Djurovic S, Espeseth T, Giakoumaki S, Giddaluru S, Gustavson DE, Hayward C, Hofer E, Ikram MA, Karlsson R, Knowles E, Lahti J, Leber M, Li S, Mather KA, Melle I, Morris D, Oldmeadow C, Palviainen T, Payton A, Pazoki R, Petrovic K, Reynolds CA, Sargurupremraj M, Scholz M, Smith JA, Smith AV, Terzikhan N, Thalamuthu A, Trompet S, van der Lee SJ, Ware EB, Windham BG, Wright MJ, Yang J, Yu J, Ames D, Amin N, Amouyel P, Andreassen OA, Armstrong NJ, Assareh AA, Attia JR, Attix D, Avramopoulos D, Bennett DA, Böhmer AC, Boyle PA, Brodaty H, Campbell H, Cannon TD, Cirulli ET, Congdon E, Conley ED, Corley J, Cox SR, Dale AM, Dehghan A, Dick D, Dickinson D, Eriksson JG, Evangelou E, Faul JD, Ford I, Freimer NA, Gao H, Giegling I, Gillespie NA, Gordon SD, Gottesman RF, Griswold ME, Gudnason V, Harris TB, Hartmann AM, Hatzimanolis A, Heiss G, Holliday EG, Joshi PK, Kähönen M, Kardia SLR, Karlsson I, Kleineidam L, Knopman DS, Kochan NA, Konte B, Kwok JB, Le Hellard S, Lee T, Lehtimäki T, Li SC, Lill CM, Liu T, Koini M, London E, Longstreth WT, Lopez OL, Loukola A, Luck T, Lundervold AJ, Lundquist A, Lyytikäinen LP, Martin NG, Montgomery GW, Murray AD, Need AC, Noordam R, Nyberg L, Ollier W, Papenberg G, Pattie A, Polasek O, Poldrack RA, Psaty BM, Reppermund S, Riedel-Heller SG, Rose RJ, Rotter JI, Roussos P, Rovio SP, Saba Y, Sabb FW, Sachdev PS, Satizabal CL, Schmid M, Scott RJ, Scult MA, Simino J, Slagboom PE, Smyrnis N, Soumaré A, Stefanis NC, Stott DJ, Straub RE, Sundet K, Taylor AM, Taylor KD, Tzoulaki I, Tzourio C, Uitterlinden A, Vitart V, Voineskos AN, Kaprio J, Wagner M, Wagner H, Weinhold L, Wen KH, Widen E, Yang Q, Zhao W, Adams HHH, Arking DE, Bilder RM, Bitsios P, Boerwinkle E, Chiba-Falek O, Corvin A, De Jager PL, Debette S, Donohoe G, Elliott P, Fitzpatrick AL, Gill M, Glahn DC, Hägg S, Hansell NK, Hariri AR, Ikram MK, Jukema JW, Vuoksimaa E, Keller MC, Kremen WS, Launer L, Lindenberger U, Palotie A, Pedersen NL, Pendleton N, Porteous DJ, Räikkönen K, Raitakari OT, Ramirez A, Reinvang I, Rudan I, Dan Rujescu, Schmidt R, Schmidt H, Schofield PW, Schofield PR, Starr JM, Steen VM, Trollor JN, Turner ST, Van Duijn CM, Villringer A, Weinberger DR, Weir DR, Wilson JF, Malhotra A, McIntosh AM, Gale CR, Seshadri S, Mosley TH, Bressler J, Lencz T, Deary IJ. Study of 300,486 individuals identifies 148 independent genetic loci influencing general cognitive function. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2098. [PMID: 29844566 PMCID: PMC5974083 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04362-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 380] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
General cognitive function is a prominent and relatively stable human trait that is associated with many important life outcomes. We combine cognitive and genetic data from the CHARGE and COGENT consortia, and UK Biobank (total N = 300,486; age 16-102) and find 148 genome-wide significant independent loci (P < 5 × 10-8) associated with general cognitive function. Within the novel genetic loci are variants associated with neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental disorders, physical and psychiatric illnesses, and brain structure. Gene-based analyses find 709 genes associated with general cognitive function. Expression levels across the cortex are associated with general cognitive function. Using polygenic scores, up to 4.3% of variance in general cognitive function is predicted in independent samples. We detect significant genetic overlap between general cognitive function, reaction time, and many health variables including eyesight, hypertension, and longevity. In conclusion we identify novel genetic loci and pathways contributing to the heritability of general cognitive function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gail Davies
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Max Lam
- Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, 539747, Singapore
| | - Sarah E Harris
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
- Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic & Experimental Medicine, MRC Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Joey W Trampush
- BrainWorkup, LLC, Los Angeles, 90033, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, 90033, CA, USA
| | - Michelle Luciano
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - W David Hill
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Saskia P Hagenaars
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London, SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Stuart J Ritchie
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Riccardo E Marioni
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
- Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic & Experimental Medicine, MRC Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Chloe Fawns-Ritchie
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - David C M Liewald
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Judith A Okely
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Ari V Ahola-Olli
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, 20520, Finland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Satakunta Central Hospital, Pori, 28100, Finland
| | - Catriona L K Barnes
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, Scotland
| | - Lars Bertram
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Joshua C Bis
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, 98101, Washington, USA
| | - Katherine E Burdick
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, 10029, NY, USA
- Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (VISN 3), James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, 10468, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02115, MA, USA
| | - Andrea Christoforou
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, 5021, Norway
- Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, 5020, Norway
| | - Pamela DeRosse
- Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, 539747, Singapore
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, 11030, NY, USA
| | - Srdjan Djurovic
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, 5021, Norway
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, University of Bergen, Oslo, 0424, Norway
| | - Thomas Espeseth
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, 0373, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, 0315, Norway
| | - Stella Giakoumaki
- Department of Psychology, University of Crete, Crete, GR-74100, Greece
| | - Sudheer Giddaluru
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, 5021, Norway
- Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, 5020, Norway
| | - Daniel E Gustavson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, 92093, CA, USA
- Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California, San Diego, 92093, CA, USA
| | - Caroline Hayward
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
- Generation Scotland, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Edith Hofer
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, 8036, Austria
- Institute of Medical Informatics Statistics and Documentation, Medical University of Graz, Graz, 8036, Austria
| | - M Arfan Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, xxxxxx, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Karlsson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-171 77, Sweden
| | - Emma Knowles
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, 06511, CT, USA
| | - Jari Lahti
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
- Helsinki Collegium for Advanced Studies, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Markus Leber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Cologne, D-50937, Germany
| | - Shuo Li
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, 02118, MA, USA
| | - Karen A Mather
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2031, Australia
| | - Ingrid Melle
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, 5021, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, 0373, Norway
| | - Derek Morris
- Neuroimaging, Cognition & Genomics (NICOG) Centre, School of Psychology and Discipline of Biochemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Christopher Oldmeadow
- Medical Research Institute and Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, New South Wa0les, 2308, Australia
| | - Teemu Palviainen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
| | - Antony Payton
- Centre for EpidemiologyDivision of Population Health, Health Services Research & Primary Care, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Raha Pazoki
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Katja Petrovic
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, 8036, Austria
| | - Chandra A Reynolds
- Department of Psychology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, 92521, CA, USA
| | - Muralidharan Sargurupremraj
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, INSERM UMR 1219, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Markus Scholz
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, 04107, Germany
- LIFE-Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, 04107, Germany
| | - Jennifer A Smith
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48104, USA
| | - Albert V Smith
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, IS-201, Iceland
- University of Iceland, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland
| | - Natalie Terzikhan
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015, The Netherlands
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Anbupalam Thalamuthu
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2031, Australia
| | - Stella Trompet
- Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333, The Netherlands
| | - Sven J van der Lee
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015, The Netherlands
| | - Erin B Ware
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48104, USA
| | - B Gwen Windham
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, 39216, MS, USA
| | - Margaret J Wright
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
| | - Jingyun Yang
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, 60612, IL, USA
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, 60612, IL, USA
| | - Jin Yu
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, 11030, NY, USA
| | - David Ames
- National Ageing Research Institute, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Victoria, 3052, Australia
- Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, University of Melbourne, St George's Hospital, Kew, 3010, Australia
| | - Najaf Amin
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015, The Netherlands
| | - Philippe Amouyel
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167-LabEx DISTALZ, F-59000, Lille, France
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, 0373, Norway
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, 0372, Norway
| | | | - Amelia A Assareh
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2031, Australia
| | - John R Attia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute and Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, New South Wales, 2305, Australia
| | - Deborah Attix
- Department of NeurologyBryan Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, and Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, 27708, NC, USA
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Division of Medical Psychology, and Department of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, 27708, NC, USA
| | - Dimitrios Avramopoulos
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, MD, Baltimore, 21287, USA
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, MD, Baltimore, 21287, USA
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, 60612, IL, USA
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, 60612, IL, USA
| | - Anne C Böhmer
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, 53113, Germany
- Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, 53113, Germany
| | - Patricia A Boyle
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, 60612, IL, USA
- Departments of Behavioral Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, 60612, IL, USA
| | - Henry Brodaty
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2031, Australia
- Dementia Centre for Research Collaboration, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2031, NSW, Australia
| | - Harry Campbell
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, Scotland
| | - Tyrone D Cannon
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, 06520, CT, USA
| | | | - Eliza Congdon
- UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, 90024, CA, USA
| | | | - Janie Corley
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Simon R Cox
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Anders M Dale
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, 92093, CA, USA
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, 92093, CA, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, 92093, CA, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, 92093, CA, USA
| | - Abbas Dehghan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Danielle Dick
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, 23284, VA, USA
| | - Dwight Dickinson
- Clinical and Translational Neuroscience Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, 20892, MD, USA
| | - Johan G Eriksson
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, FI-00271, Finland
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00290, Finland
- Helsinki University Central Hospital, Unit of General Practice, Helsinki, FI-00029, Finland
- Folkhälsan Research Centre, Helsinki, 2018, Finland
| | - Evangelos Evangelou
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, FI-00271, Finland
| | - Jessica D Faul
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48104, USA
| | - Ian Ford
- Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Nelson A Freimer
- UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, 90024, CA, USA
| | - He Gao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Ina Giegling
- Department of Psychiatry, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, 06108, Germany
| | - Nathan A Gillespie
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, 23298, VA, USA
| | - Scott D Gordon
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, 4029, Australia
| | - Rebecca F Gottesman
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, 21287, MD, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, 21205, MD, USA
| | - Michael E Griswold
- Department of Data Science, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, 39216, MS, USA
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, IS-201, Iceland
- University of Iceland, Reykjavik, 101, Iceland
| | - Tamara B Harris
- Intramural Research Program National Institutes on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, 20892, MD, USA
| | - Annette M Hartmann
- Department of Psychiatry, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, 06108, Germany
| | - Alex Hatzimanolis
- Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Eginition Hospital, Athens, 11528, Greece
- University Mental Health Research Institute, Athens, GR-156 01, Greece
- Neurobiology Research Institute, Theodor-Theohari Cozzika Foundation, Athens, 11521, Greece
| | - Gerardo Heiss
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, 27599, NC, USA
| | - Elizabeth G Holliday
- Hunter Medical Research Institute and Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, New South Wales, 2305, Australia
| | - Peter K Joshi
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, Scotland
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center, Tampere, FI-33014, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, 33521, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center-Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, 33014, Finland
| | - Sharon L R Kardia
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Ida Karlsson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-171 77, Sweden
| | - Luca Kleineidam
- Department of Psychiatry Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, 50923, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, 53127, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, 53127, Germany
- Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, 53127, Germany
| | - David S Knopman
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, 55905, MN, USA
| | - Nicole A Kochan
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2031, Australia
- Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, 2031, Australia
| | - Bettina Konte
- Department of Psychiatry, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, 06108, Germany
| | - John B Kwok
- Brain and Mind Centre-The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Stephanie Le Hellard
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, 5021, Norway
- Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, 5020, Norway
| | - Teresa Lee
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2031, Australia
- Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, 2031, Australia
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center-Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, 33014, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center-Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, 33014, Finland
| | - Shu-Chen Li
- Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, 14195, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, 01187, Germany
| | - Christina M Lill
- Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Group, Lübeck Interdisciplinary Platform for Genome Analytics, Institutes of Neurogenetics & Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Tian Liu
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, 14195, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, 14195, Germany
| | - Marisa Koini
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, 8036, Austria
| | - Edythe London
- UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, 90024, CA, USA
| | - Will T Longstreth
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, 98195-6465, WA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, 98195, WA, USA
| | - Oscar L Lopez
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, 15213, PA, USA
| | - Anu Loukola
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
| | - Tobias Luck
- LIFE-Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, 04107, Germany
- Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health (ISAP), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Astri J Lundervold
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, 5009, Norway
- K. G. Jebsen Center for Neuropsychiatry, University of Bergen, Bergen, N-5009, Norway
| | - Anders Lundquist
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, SE-901 87, Sweden
- Department of Statistics, USBE Umeå University, S-907 97, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Leo-Pekka Lyytikäinen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center-Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, 33014, Finland
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center-Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, 33014, Finland
| | - Nicholas G Martin
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, 4029, Australia
| | - Grant W Montgomery
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, 4029, Australia
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
| | - Alison D Murray
- Generation Scotland, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
- The Institute of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Anna C Need
- Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Raymond Noordam
- Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333, The Netherlands
| | - Lars Nyberg
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, SE-901 87, Sweden
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, SE-901 87, Sweden
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, SE-901 87, Sweden
| | - William Ollier
- Centre for Integrated Genomic Medical Research, Institute of Population Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Goran Papenberg
- Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, 14195, Germany
- Karolinska Institutet, Aging Research Center, Stockholm University, Stockholm, SE-113 30, Sweden
| | - Alison Pattie
- Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Ozren Polasek
- Gen-Info LLC, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Split, Split, 21000, Croatia
| | - Russell A Poldrack
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, 94305-2130, CA, USA
| | - Bruce M Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, 98101, Washington, USA
- Deparment of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, 98195-7660, WA, USA
- Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, 98101, WA, USA
| | - Simone Reppermund
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2031, Australia
- Department of Developmental Disability Neuropsychiatry, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Steffi G Riedel-Heller
- Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health (ISAP), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Richard J Rose
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405-7007, USA
| | - Jerome I Rotter
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, 90502, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, 90509, CA, USA
| | - Panos Roussos
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, 10029, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Science and Institute for Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, 10029, NY, USA
- Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (VISN 2), James J. Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, 10468, NY, USA
| | - Suvi P Rovio
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, 20520, Finland
| | - Yasaman Saba
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, 8036, Austria
| | - Fred W Sabb
- Robert and Beverly Lewis Center for Neuroimaging, University of Oregon, Eugene, 97403, OR, USA
| | - Perminder S Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2031, Australia
- Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, 2031, Australia
| | - Claudia L Satizabal
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, 02118, MA, USA
- The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, 01702-5827, MA, USA
| | - Matthias Schmid
- Department of Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology, University Hospital, Bonn, D-53012, Germany
| | - Rodney J Scott
- Hunter Medical Research Institute and Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, New South Wales, 2305, Australia
| | - Matthew A Scult
- Laboratory of NeuroGenetics, Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, 27708-0086, NC, USA
| | - Jeannette Simino
- Department of Data Science, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, 39216, MS, USA
| | - P Eline Slagboom
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333, The Netherlands
| | - Nikolaos Smyrnis
- Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Eginition Hospital, Athens, 11528, Greece
- University Mental Health Research Institute, Athens, GR-156 01, Greece
| | - Aïcha Soumaré
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, INSERM UMR 1219, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Nikos C Stefanis
- Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Eginition Hospital, Athens, 11528, Greece
- University Mental Health Research Institute, Athens, GR-156 01, Greece
- Neurobiology Research Institute, Theodor-Theohari Cozzika Foundation, Athens, 11521, Greece
| | - David J Stott
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Richard E Straub
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins University Medical Campus, Baltimore, 21205, MD, USA
| | - Kjetil Sundet
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, 0373, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, 0315, Norway
| | - Adele M Taylor
- Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Kent D Taylor
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, 90502, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, 90509, CA, USA
| | - Ioanna Tzoulaki
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina Medical School, Ioannina, 45110, Greece
| | - Christophe Tzourio
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, INSERM UMR 1219, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
- Department of Public Health, University Hospital of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, 33076, France
| | - André Uitterlinden
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015, The Netherlands
| | - Veronique Vitart
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Aristotle N Voineskos
- Campbell Family Mental Health Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5T 1L8, Canada
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, FI-00271, Finland
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Michael Wagner
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, 53127, Germany
- Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, 53127, Germany
| | - Holger Wagner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, 53127, Germany
| | - Leonie Weinhold
- Department of Medical Biometry, Informatics and Epidemiology, University Hospital, Bonn, D-53012, Germany
| | - K Hoyan Wen
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015, The Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth Widen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
| | - Qiong Yang
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, 02118, MA, USA
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Hieab H H Adams
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, 3015, The Netherlands
| | - Dan E Arking
- McKusick-Nathans Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, MD, Baltimore, 21287, USA
| | - Robert M Bilder
- UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, 90024, CA, USA
| | - Panos Bitsios
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, GR-71003, Greece
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, 77030, TX, USA
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, 77030-3411, TX, USA
| | - Ornit Chiba-Falek
- Department of NeurologyBryan Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, and Center for Genomic and Computational Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, 27708, NC, USA
| | - Aiden Corvin
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, DO2 AY89, Ireland
| | - Philip L De Jager
- Center for Translational and Systems Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10032, NY, USA
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, 02142, MA, USA
| | - Stéphanie Debette
- University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, INSERM UMR 1219, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, 33000, France
| | - Gary Donohoe
- Neuroimaging, Cognition & Genomics (NICOG) Centre, School of Psychology and Discipline of Biochemistry, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, H91 TK33, Ireland
| | - Paul Elliott
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, W2 1PG, UK
| | - Annette L Fitzpatrick
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, 98195, WA, USA
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, 98104, WA, USA
| | - Michael Gill
- Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry and Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, DO2 AY89, Ireland
| | - David C Glahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, 06511, CT, USA
| | - Sara Hägg
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-171 77, Sweden
| | - Narelle K Hansell
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4072, Australia
| | - Ahmad R Hariri
- Laboratory of NeuroGenetics, Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, 27708-0086, NC, USA
| | - M Kamran Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, xxxxxx, The Netherlands
| | - J Wouter Jukema
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, 2333, The Netherlands
| | - Eero Vuoksimaa
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Matthew C Keller
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder, 80309, CO, USA
| | - William S Kremen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, 92093, CA, USA
- Center for Behavior Genetics of Aging, University of California, San Diego, 92093, CA, USA
| | - Lenore Launer
- Intramural Research Program National Institutes on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, 20892, MD, USA
| | | | - Aarno Palotie
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, CB10 1SA, UK
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki and University Central Hospital, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Nancy L Pedersen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-171 77, Sweden
| | - Neil Pendleton
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, and Manchester Medical School, Institute of Brain, Behaviour, and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - David J Porteous
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
- Medical Genetics Section, Centre for Genomic & Experimental Medicine, MRC Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
- Generation Scotland, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Katri Räikkönen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
| | - Olli T Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, 20520, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, 20520, Finland
| | - Alfredo Ramirez
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Cologne, D-50937, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, 53113, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Bonn, 53127, Germany
| | - Ivar Reinvang
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, 0315, Norway
| | - Igor Rudan
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, Scotland
| | - Dan Rujescu
- Department of Psychiatry, Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, 06108, Germany
| | - Reinhold Schmidt
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Division of Neurogeriatrics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, 8036, Austria
| | - Helena Schmidt
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, 8036, Austria
| | - Peter W Schofield
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, New South Wales, 2308, Australia
| | - Peter R Schofield
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, 2031, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - John M Starr
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
- Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
| | - Vidar M Steen
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, 5021, Norway
- Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, 5020, Norway
| | - Julian N Trollor
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2031, Australia
- Department of Developmental Disability Neuropsychiatry, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia
| | - Steven T Turner
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Cornelia M Van Duijn
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015, The Netherlands
| | - Arno Villringer
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
- Day Clinic for Cognitive Neurology, University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Daniel R Weinberger
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins University Medical Campus, Baltimore, 21205, MD, USA
| | - David R Weir
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48104, USA
| | - James F Wilson
- Centre for Global Health Research, Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, Scotland
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Anil Malhotra
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, 11030, NY, USA
- Division of Psychiatry Research, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, 11004, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Hempstead, 11549, NY, USA
| | - Andrew M McIntosh
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH10 5HF, UK
| | - Catharine R Gale
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Sudha Seshadri
- Robert and Beverly Lewis Center for Neuroimaging, University of Oregon, Eugene, 97403, OR, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, 02118, MA, USA
- Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, 78229, TX, USA
| | - Thomas H Mosley
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, 39216, MS, USA
| | - Jan Bressler
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, 77030, TX, USA
| | - Todd Lencz
- Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, 11030, NY, USA
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH10 5HF, UK
| | - Ian J Deary
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology and Language Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JZ, UK.
| |
Collapse
|