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Kowatari R, Sasaki H, Daitoku K, Miura F, Shimada J, Kitagawa Y, Minakawa M. From diagnosis to postoperative challenges: a comprehensive case report on 2q37 deletion syndrome with CHD. Cardiol Young 2024:1-4. [PMID: 39354846 DOI: 10.1017/s1047951124026143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2024]
Abstract
Chromosomal 2q37 deletion syndrome, marked by developmental delays, distinctive facial features, and a spectrum of congenital anomalies, presents significant challenges in the cardiac management of affected individuals. This paper details the case of an 8-month-old male with 2q37 deletion syndrome, manifesting atrial and ventricular septal defects, patent ductus arteriosus, and right ventricular outflow tract stenosis, leading to a demanding postoperative course. Despite an initially stable post-surgery phase, the onset of junctional ectopic tachycardia necessitated prolonged veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support, highlighting the syndrome's potential for intricate postoperative courses. The complexities encountered in this case, including extended renal replacement therapy and delayed thoracic closure, underscore the syndrome's multisystem impact and the critical need for tailored, multidisciplinary care approaches. This report contributes to the growing body of knowledge on the cardiac implications of 2q37 deletion syndrome, emphasising the importance of individualised surgical strategies and the ongoing exploration of genotype-phenotype correlations in this rare genetic disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Kowatari
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Hirosaki University School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Hanae Sasaki
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Hirosaki University School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Daitoku
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Hirosaki University School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Fumitake Miura
- Department of Pediatrics, Hirosaki University School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Jun Shimada
- Department of Pediatrics, Hirosaki University School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Yosuke Kitagawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Hirosaki University School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - Masahito Minakawa
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Hirosaki University School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
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Noble AJ, Adams AT, Satsangi J, Boden JM, Osborne AJ. Prenatal cannabis exposure is associated with alterations in offspring DNA methylation at genes involved in neurodevelopment, across the life course. Mol Psychiatry 2024:10.1038/s41380-024-02752-w. [PMID: 39277688 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-024-02752-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2024] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/17/2024]
Abstract
Prenatal cannabis exposure (PCE) is of increasing concern globally, due to the potential impact on offspring neurodevelopment, and its association with childhood and adolescent brain development and cognitive function. However, there is currently a lack of research addressing the molecular impact of PCE, that may help to clarify the association between PCE and neurodevelopment. To address this knowledge gap, here we present epigenome-wide association study data across multiple time points, examining the effect of PCE and co-exposure with tobacco using two longitudinal studies, the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) and the Christchurch Health and Development Study (CHDS) at birth (0 y), 7 y and 15-17 y (ALSPAC), and ~27 y (CHDS). Our findings reveal genome-wide significant DNA methylation differences in offspring at 0 y, 7 y, 15-17 y, and 27 y associated with PCE alone, and co-exposure with tobacco. Importantly, we identified significantly differentially methylated CpG sites within the genes LZTS2, NPSR1, NT5E, CRIP2, DOCK8, COQ5, and LRP5 that are shared between different time points throughout development in offspring. Notably, functional pathway analysis showed enrichment for differential DNA methylation in neurodevelopment, neurotransmission, and neuronal structure pathways, and this was consistent across all timepoints in both cohorts. Given the increasing volume of epidemiological evidence that suggests a link between PCE and adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes in exposed offspring, this work highlights the need for further investigation into PCE, particularly in larger cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra J Noble
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Alex T Adams
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jack Satsangi
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Joseph M Boden
- Christchurch Health and Development Study, Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago Christchurch, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Amy J Osborne
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
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Yoon JG, Lim SK, Seo H, Lee S, Cho J, Kim SY, Koh HY, Poduri AH, Ramakumaran V, Vasudevan P, de Groot MJ, Ko JM, Han D, Chae JH, Lee CH. De novo missense variants in HDAC3 leading to epigenetic machinery dysfunction are associated with a variable neurodevelopmental disorder. Am J Hum Genet 2024; 111:1588-1604. [PMID: 39047730 PMCID: PMC11339613 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2024.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) is a crucial epigenetic modulator essential for various developmental and physiological functions. Although its dysfunction is increasingly recognized in abnormal phenotypes, to our knowledge, there have been no established reports of human diseases directly linked to HDAC3 dysfunction. Using trio exome sequencing and extensive phenotypic analysis, we correlated heterozygous de novo variants in HDAC3 with a neurodevelopmental disorder having variable clinical presentations, frequently associated with intellectual disability, developmental delay, epilepsy, and musculoskeletal abnormalities. In a cohort of six individuals, we identified missense variants in HDAC3 (c.277G>A [p.Asp93Asn], c.328G>A [p.Ala110Thr], c.601C>T [p.Pro201Ser], c. 797T>C [p.Leu266Ser], c.799G>A [p.Gly267Ser], and c.1075C>T [p.Arg359Cys]), all located in evolutionarily conserved sites and confirmed as de novo. Experimental studies identified defective deacetylation activity in the p.Asp93Asn, p.Pro201Ser, p.Leu266Ser, and p.Gly267Ser variants, positioned near the enzymatic pocket. In addition, proteomic analysis employing co-immunoprecipitation revealed that the disrupted interactions with molecules involved in the CoREST and NCoR complexes, particularly in the p.Ala110Thr variant, consist of a central pathogenic mechanism. Moreover, immunofluorescence analysis showed diminished nuclear to cytoplasmic fluorescence ratio in the p.Ala110Thr, p.Gly267Ser, and p.Arg359Cys variants, indicating impaired nuclear localization. Taken together, our study highlights that de novo missense variants in HDAC3 are associated with a broad spectrum of neurodevelopmental disorders, which emphasizes the complex role of HDAC3 in histone deacetylase activity, multi-protein complex interactions, and nuclear localization for proper physiological functions. These insights open new avenues for understanding the molecular mechanisms of HDAC3-related disorders and may inform future therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihoon G Yoon
- Department of Genomic Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Kyun Lim
- Department of Pharmacology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoseok Seo
- Department of Transdisciplinary Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungbok Lee
- Department of Genomic Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeso Cho
- Department of Genomic Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Yeon Kim
- Department of Genomic Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Yong Koh
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Annapurna H Poduri
- Department of Neurology, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Pradeep Vasudevan
- LNR Genomic Medicine Service, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - Martijn J de Groot
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jung Min Ko
- Department of Genomic Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dohyun Han
- Department of Transdisciplinary Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong-Hee Chae
- Department of Genomic Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chul-Hwan Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Ischemic/hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Wide River Institute of Immunology, Seoul National University, Hongcheon, Republic of Korea; The Institute of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Yang Y, Jiang S, Nie M, Jiang Y, Li M, Xia W, Xing X, Wang O, Pan H. Novel 4.18 Mb deletion resulting in 2q37 microdeletion syndrome combined with PTH resistance found in one Chinese patient. Endocrine 2024; 85:331-340. [PMID: 38393510 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-024-03740-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND 2q37 microdeletion syndrome is a rare clinical condition characterized by a series of physical abnormalities. Its Albright hereditary osteodystrophy (AHO)-like manifestations and possible complication of biochemical abnormalities indicating PTH resistance greatly increased the likelihood of misdiagnosis with classic pseudohypoparathyroidism (PHP) caused by GNAS mutation or methylation alteration, even though there have only been six reports of such clinical occasions. PURPOSE to investigate the underlying genetic defect in a male patient presenting hypocalcemia, elevated PTH and with a history of kyphosis. METHOD clinical information was collected, while the DNA was extracted from peripheral blood and subjected to methylation-specific multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MS-MLPA) and exome sequencing. RESULT Physical characteristics featuring short stature, obesity, round face, short neck, and shortened 4th metacarpal and laboratory examination of the patient suggested the presence of PTH resistance, which is indicative of PHP. MS-MLPA did not reveal methylation alterations or deletions of GNAS, STX16 or other monogenetic alterations responsible for iPPSDs, but WES revealed a long-range deletion of approximately 4.18 Mb of the 2q37 region that spanned AGAP1 to NDUFA10, indicating that the patient had 2q37 microdeletion syndrome with PTH resistance. CONCLUSION After undergoing MS-MLPA and exome sequencing, a novel deletion spanning 4.18 Mb on the 2q37 region was identified in one male patient, clarifying the diagnosis of 2q37 microdeletion syndrome with PTH resistance. The new genetic discovery added to our understanding of the molecular defects that cause inactivating PTH/PTH-related protein signaling disorders (iPPSDs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, National Health Commission, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Siqi Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, National Health Commission, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Min Nie
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, National Health Commission, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, National Health Commission, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Mei Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, National Health Commission, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Weibo Xia
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, National Health Commission, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoping Xing
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, National Health Commission, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ou Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, National Health Commission, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
| | - Hui Pan
- Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, National Health Commission, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
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Daum H, Kremer E, Frumkin A, Meiner V, Diamant H, Harel I, Bauman D. A Case Report of Familial Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser Syndrome as Part of the Phenotypic Spectrum of the 2q37 Deletion. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2024; 37:95-97. [PMID: 37734585 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpag.2023.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
We performed a genetic investigation into the case of an inherited Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome. Our patients were an adolescent and her mother, both with MRKH syndrome. The delivery of a biological offspring was achieved via a gestational carrier. Karyotype and exome sequencing were used to complete a three-generation genetic analysis of the family. Both the mother and her daughter harbored a deletion of 4 Mb at the locus of 2q37, a syndrome rarely described in association with MRKH. No pathogenic single-nucleotide variant relevant to the phenotype was found. The deletion was not inherited from either parent of the mother. In addition, some physical findings suggesting 2q37 deletion syndrome were found in our patients. We conclude that when combined with the use of a gestational carrier or uterine transplantation, the identification of a genetic cause for MRKH may enable the application of preimplantation genetic testing on embryos, thus potentially averting the transmission of the genetic anomaly to subsequent generations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hagit Daum
- Department of Genetics, Hadassah Medical Organization, Jerusalem, Israel; Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel.
| | - Einav Kremer
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel; Obstetrics and gynecology, Hadassah Medical Organization, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ayala Frumkin
- Department of Genetics, Hadassah Medical Organization, Jerusalem, Israel; Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Vardiella Meiner
- Department of Genetics, Hadassah Medical Organization, Jerusalem, Israel; Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hagit Diamant
- Obstetrics and gynecology, Soroka Medical Center, Be'er Sheva, Israel
| | - Iris Harel
- Obstetrics and gynecology, Barzilai Medical Center, Ashkelon, Israel
| | - Dvora Bauman
- Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel; Obstetrics and gynecology, Hadassah Medical Organization, Jerusalem, Israel
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Tan WJ, Hawley HR, Wilson SJ, Fitzsimons HL. Deciphering the roles of subcellular distribution and interactions involving the MEF2 binding region, the ankyrin repeat binding motif and the catalytic site of HDAC4 in Drosophila neuronal morphogenesis. BMC Biol 2024; 22:2. [PMID: 38167120 PMCID: PMC10763444 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-023-01800-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysregulation of nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4) is associated with several neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders. Consequently, understanding the roles of nuclear and cytoplasmic HDAC4 along with the mechanisms that regulate nuclear entry and exit is an area of concerted effort. Efficient nuclear entry is dependent on binding of the transcription factor MEF2, as mutations in the MEF2 binding region result in cytoplasmic accumulation of HDAC4. It is well established that nuclear exit and cytoplasmic retention are dependent on 14-3-3-binding, and mutations that affect binding are widely used to induce nuclear accumulation of HDAC4. While regulation of HDAC4 shuttling is clearly important, there is a gap in understanding of how the nuclear and cytoplasmic distribution of HDAC4 impacts its function. Furthermore, it is unclear whether other features of the protein including the catalytic site, the MEF2-binding region and/or the ankyrin repeat binding motif influence the distribution and/or activity of HDAC4 in neurons. Since HDAC4 functions are conserved in Drosophila, and increased nuclear accumulation of HDAC4 also results in impaired neurodevelopment, we used Drosophila as a genetic model for investigation of HDAC4 function. RESULTS Here we have generated a series of mutants for functional dissection of HDAC4 via in-depth examination of the resulting subcellular distribution and nuclear aggregation, and correlate these with developmental phenotypes resulting from their expression in well-established models of neuronal morphogenesis of the Drosophila mushroom body and eye. We found that in the mushroom body, forced sequestration of HDAC4 in the nucleus or the cytoplasm resulted in defects in axon morphogenesis. The actions of HDAC4 that resulted in impaired development were dependent on the MEF2 binding region, modulated by the ankyrin repeat binding motif, and largely independent of an intact catalytic site. In contrast, disruption to eye development was largely independent of MEF2 binding but mutation of the catalytic site significantly reduced the phenotype, indicating that HDAC4 acts in a neuronal-subtype-specific manner. CONCLUSIONS We found that the impairments to mushroom body and eye development resulting from nuclear accumulation of HDAC4 were exacerbated by mutation of the ankyrin repeat binding motif, whereas there was a differing requirement for the MEF2 binding site and an intact catalytic site. It will be of importance to determine the binding partners of HDAC4 in nuclear aggregates and in the cytoplasm of these tissues to further understand its mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jun Tan
- School of Natural Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Hannah R Hawley
- School of Natural Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Sarah J Wilson
- School of Natural Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Helen L Fitzsimons
- School of Natural Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
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Zhang S, Cui Q, Yang S, Zhang F, Li C, Wang X, Lei B, Sheng X. Exome and genome sequencing to unravel the precise breakpoints of partial trisomy 6q and partial Monosomy 2q. BMC Pediatr 2023; 23:586. [PMID: 37993819 PMCID: PMC10664609 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-023-04368-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with complex phenotypes and a chromosomal translocation are particularly challenging, since several potentially pathogenic mechanisms need to be investigated. CASE PRESENTATION Here, we combined exome and genome sequencing techniques to identify the precise breakpoints of heterozygous microduplications in the 6q25.3-q27 region and microdeletions in the 2q37.1-q37.3 region in a proband. The 5-year-old girl exhibited a severe form of congenital cranial dysinnervation disorder (CCDD) in addition to skeletal dysmorphism anomalies and severe intellectual disability. This is the second case affecting chromosomes 2q and 6q. The individual's karyotype showed an unbalanced translocation 46,XX,del(2)t(2;6)(q37.1;q25.3), which was inherited from her unaffected father [46,XY,t(2;6)(q37.1;q25.3)]. We also obtained the precise breakpoints of a de novo heterozygous copy number deletion [del(2)(q37.1q37.3)chr2:g.232963568_24305260del] and a copy number duplication [dup(6)(q25.3q27)chr6:g.158730978_170930050dup]. The parental origin of the observed balanced translocation was not clear because the parents declined genetic testing. CONCLUSION Patients with a 2q37 deletion and 6q25.3 duplication may exhibit severe significant neurological and skeletal dysmorphisms, and the utilization of exome and genome sequencing techniques has the potential to unveil the entire translocation of the CNV and the precise breakpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zhang
- People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (Ningxia Medical University), Ningxia Eye Hospital, Yinchuan, 750001, China
| | - Qianwei Cui
- People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (Ningxia Medical University), Ningxia Eye Hospital, Yinchuan, 750001, China
| | - Shangying Yang
- People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (Ningxia Medical University), Ningxia Eye Hospital, Yinchuan, 750001, China
| | - Fangxia Zhang
- People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (Ningxia Medical University), Ningxia Eye Hospital, Yinchuan, 750001, China
| | - Chunxia Li
- People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (Ningxia Medical University), Ningxia Eye Hospital, Yinchuan, 750001, China
| | - Xiaoguang Wang
- People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (Ningxia Medical University), Ningxia Eye Hospital, Yinchuan, 750001, China
| | - Bo Lei
- Henan Eye Institute, Henan Eye Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450003, China.
| | - Xunlun Sheng
- Gansu Aier Ophthalmology & Optometry Hospital, Lanzhou, 730030, China.
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The Value of a Comprehensive Genomic Evaluation in Prenatal Diagnosis of Genetic Diseases: A Retrospective Study. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13122365. [PMID: 36553632 PMCID: PMC9778469 DOI: 10.3390/genes13122365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, there are still many challenges in prenatal diagnosis, such as limited or uncertain fetal phenotyping, variant interpretation, and rapid turnaround times. The aim of this study was to illustrate the value of a comprehensive genomic evaluation in prenatal diagnosis. We retrospectively reviewed 20 fetuses with clinically significant copy number variants (CNVs) detected by chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) and no further exome sequencing testing in our tertiary center between 2019 and 2020. The residual DNA from the prenatal cases was used for the parallel implementation of CNV sequencing (CNV-seq) and trio-based clinical exome sequencing (trio-CES). CMA revealed 26 clinically significant CNVs (18 deletions and eight duplications) in 20 fetuses, in which five fetuses had two or more CNVs. There were eight fetuses with pathogenic CNVs (e.g., del 1p36), nine fetuses with likely pathogenic CNVs (e.g., dup 22q11.21), and three fetuses with variants of unknown significance (VOUS, e.g., dup 1q21.1q21.2). Trio-CES identified four fetuses with likely pathogenic mutations (SNV/InDels). Of note, a fetus was detected with a maternally inherited hemizygous variant in the SLX4 gene due to a 16p13.3 deletion on the paternal chromosome. The sizes of CNVs detected by CNV-seq were slightly larger than that of the SNP array, and four cases with mosaic CNVs were all identified by CNV-seq. In conclusion, microdeletion/duplication syndromes and monogenic disorders may co-exist in a subject, and CNV deletion may contribute to uncovering additional recessive disease alleles. The application of a comprehensive genomic evaluation (CNVs and SNV/InDels) has great value in the prenatal diagnosis arena. CNV-seq based on NGS technology is a reliable and a cost-effective technique for identifying CNVs.
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Giraldo-Ocampo S, Pachajoa H. 2q37 deletion syndrome in a Colombian patient with macrocephaly: a case report. BMC Pediatr 2022; 22:569. [PMID: 36192675 PMCID: PMC9531440 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-022-03620-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND 2q37 deletion syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant disorder caused by deletions in the 2q37 cytobands leading to developmental delay, intellectual disability, behavioral abnormalities and dysmorphic craniofacial features with more than 115 patients described worldwide. CASE PRESENTATION We describe a Colombian 3-year-old patient with verbal communication delay, umbilical hernia, facial dysmorphic features, hypotonia, and macrocephaly with normal magnetic resonance imaging. Microarray-based comparative genomic hybridization revealed a 5.9 Mb deletion in the 2q37.2 and 2q37.3 regions, eliminating 60 protein-coding genes in one of her chromosomes 2 and allowing the diagnosis of 2q37 deletion syndrome in this patient. Therapeutic interventions so far were the surgical correction of the umbilical hernia. CONCLUSIONS Genetic tests are important tools for the diagnosis of clinically complex and infrequent conditions but also for timely diagnosis that allows appropriate surveillance, interventions, and genetic counseling. This case also provides information for expanding the phenotypical and genetic characterization of 2q37 deletion syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Harry Pachajoa
- Genetics Division, Fundación Valle del Lili, Cali, Colombia. .,Centro de Investigaciones en Anomalías Congénitas Y Enfermedades Raras (CIACER), Universidad Icesi, Calle 18 No. 122-135 Pance, Cali, Colombia. .,Centro de Investigaciones Clínicas, Fundación Valle del Lili, Cali, Colombia.
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10
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Zhou J, Zheng Y, Liang G, Xu X, Liu J, Chen S, Ge T, Wen P, Zhang Y, Liu X, Zhuang J, Wu Y, Chen J. Atypical deletion of Williams-Beuren syndrome reveals the mechanism of neurodevelopmental disorders. BMC Med Genomics 2022; 15:79. [PMID: 35379245 PMCID: PMC8981662 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-022-01227-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Genes associated with specific neurocognitive phenotypes in Williams–Beuren syndrome are still controversially discussed. This study identified nine patients with atypical deletions out of 111 patients with Williams–Beuren syndrome; these deletions included seven smaller deletions and two larger deletions. One patient had normal neurodevelopment with a deletion of genes on the distal side of the Williams–Beuren syndrome chromosomal region, including GTF2I and GTF2IRD1. However, another patient retained these genes but showed neurodevelopmental abnormalities. By comparing the genotypes and phenotypes of patients with typical and atypical deletions and previous reports in the literature, we hypothesize that the BAZ1B, FZD9, and STX1A genes may play an important role in the neurodevelopment of patients with WBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianrong Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Zheng
- Department of Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guiying Liang
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoli Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, General Hospital of Central Theater Command, Wuhan, China
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaoxian Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Research Department of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tongkai Ge
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pengju Wen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Research Department of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqing Liu
- Division of Epidemiology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital and Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jian Zhuang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yueheng Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China. .,Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Jimei Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
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11
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Porcuna J, Mínguez-Martínez J, Ricote M. The PPARα and PPARγ Epigenetic Landscape in Cancer and Immune and Metabolic Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910573. [PMID: 34638914 PMCID: PMC8508752 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are ligand-modulated nuclear receptors that play pivotal roles in nutrient sensing, metabolism, and lipid-related processes. Correct control of their target genes requires tight regulation of the expression of different PPAR isoforms in each tissue, and the dysregulation of PPAR-dependent transcriptional programs is linked to disorders, such as metabolic and immune diseases or cancer. Several PPAR regulators and PPAR-regulated factors are epigenetic effectors, including non-coding RNAs, epigenetic enzymes, histone modifiers, and DNA methyltransferases. In this review, we examine advances in PPARα and PPARγ-related epigenetic regulation in metabolic disorders, including obesity and diabetes, immune disorders, such as sclerosis and lupus, and a variety of cancers, providing new insights into the possible therapeutic exploitation of PPAR epigenetic modulation.
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12
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Wakeling E, McEntagart M, Bruccoleri M, Shaw-Smith C, Stals KL, Wakeling M, Barnicoat A, Beesley C, Hanson-Kahn AK, Kukolich M, Stevenson DA, Campeau PM, Ellard S, Elsea SH, Yang XJ, Caswell RC. Missense substitutions at a conserved 14-3-3 binding site in HDAC4 cause a novel intellectual disability syndrome. HGG ADVANCES 2021; 2:100015. [PMID: 33537682 PMCID: PMC7841527 DOI: 10.1016/j.xhgg.2020.100015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylases play crucial roles in the regulation of chromatin structure and gene expression in the eukaryotic cell, and disruption of their activity causes a wide range of developmental disorders in humans. Loss-of-function alleles of HDAC4, a founding member of the class IIa deacetylases, have been reported in brachydactyly-mental retardation syndrome (BDMR). However, while disruption of HDAC4 activity and deregulation of its downstream targets may contribute to the BDMR phenotype, loss of HDAC4 function usually occurs as part of larger deletions of chromosome 2q37; BDMR is also known as chromosome 2q37 deletion syndrome, and the precise role of HDAC4 within the phenotype remains uncertain. Thus, identification of missense variants should shed new light on the role of HDAC4 in normal development. Here, we report seven unrelated individuals with a phenotype distinct from that of BDMR, all of whom have heterozygous de novo missense variants that affect a major regulatory site of HDAC4, required for signal-dependent 14-3-3 binding and nucleocytoplasmic shuttling. Two individuals possess variants altering Thr244 or Glu247, whereas the remaining five all carry variants altering Pro248, a key residue for 14-3-3 binding. We propose that the variants in all seven individuals impair 14-3-3 binding (as confirmed for the first two variants by immunoprecipitation assays), thereby identifying deregulation of HDAC4 as a pathological mechanism in a previously uncharacterized developmental disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Wakeling
- North East Thames Regional Genetics Service, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, Great Ormond Street, London WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Meriel McEntagart
- Medical Genetics, Floor 0 Jenner Wing, St George’s University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Michael Bruccoleri
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Charles Shaw-Smith
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter EX1 2ED, UK
| | - Karen L. Stals
- Exeter Genomics Laboratory, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Matthew Wakeling
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Angela Barnicoat
- North East Thames Regional Genetics Service, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, Great Ormond Street, London WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Clare Beesley
- Rare & Inherited Disease Laboratory, North Thames Genomic Laboratory Hub, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, 37 Queen Square, London WC1N 3BH, UK
| | - DDD Study
- Deciphering Developmental Disorders, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Andrea K. Hanson-Kahn
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, 300 Pasteur Drive, H315, Stanford, CA 94305-5208, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Drive, H315, Stanford, CA 94305-5208, USA
| | - Mary Kukolich
- Clinical Genetics, Cook Children’s Medical Center, Fort Worth, TX 76104, USA
| | - David A. Stevenson
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, Stanford University, 300 Pasteur Drive, H315, Stanford, CA 94305-5208, USA
| | - Philippe M. Campeau
- Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine Hospital, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, QC H3T 1C4, Canada
| | - Sian Ellard
- Exeter Genomics Laboratory, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Sarah H. Elsea
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xiang-Jiao Yang
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Richard C. Caswell
- Exeter Genomics Laboratory, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
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13
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Fallah MS, Szarics D, Robson CM, Eubanks JH. Impaired Regulation of Histone Methylation and Acetylation Underlies Specific Neurodevelopmental Disorders. Front Genet 2021; 11:613098. [PMID: 33488679 PMCID: PMC7820808 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.613098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic processes are critical for governing the complex spatiotemporal patterns of gene expression in neurodevelopment. One such mechanism is the dynamic network of post-translational histone modifications that facilitate recruitment of transcription factors or even directly alter chromatin structure to modulate gene expression. This is a tightly regulated system, and mutations affecting the function of a single histone-modifying enzyme can shift the normal epigenetic balance and cause detrimental developmental consequences. In this review, we will examine select neurodevelopmental conditions that arise from mutations in genes encoding enzymes that regulate histone methylation and acetylation. The methylation-related conditions discussed include Wiedemann-Steiner, Kabuki, and Sotos syndromes, and the acetylation-related conditions include Rubinstein-Taybi, KAT6A, genitopatellar/Say-Barber-Biesecker-Young-Simpson, and brachydactyly mental retardation syndromes. In particular, we will discuss the clinical/phenotypic and genetic basis of these conditions and the model systems that have been developed to better elucidate cellular and systemic pathological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merrick S Fallah
- Division of Experimental and Translational Neuroscience, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Dora Szarics
- Division of Experimental and Translational Neuroscience, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Clara M Robson
- Division of Experimental and Translational Neuroscience, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - James H Eubanks
- Division of Experimental and Translational Neuroscience, Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Surgery (Neurosurgery), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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14
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Barqué A, Jan K, De La Fuente E, Nicholas CL, Hynes RO, Naba A. Knockout of the gene encoding the extracellular matrix protein SNED1 results in early neonatal lethality and craniofacial malformations. Dev Dyn 2020; 250:274-294. [PMID: 33012048 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a fundamental component of multicellular organisms that orchestrates developmental processes and controls cell and tissue organization. We previously identified the novel ECM protein SNED1 as a promoter of breast cancer metastasis and showed that its level of expression negatively correlated with breast cancer patient survival. Here, we sought to identify the roles of SNED1 during murine development. RESULTS We generated two novel Sned1 knockout mouse strains and showed that Sned1 is essential since homozygous ablation of the gene led to early neonatal lethality. Phenotypic analysis of the surviving knockout mice revealed a role for SNED1 in the development of craniofacial and skeletal structures since Sned1 knockout resulted in growth defects, nasal cavity occlusion, and craniofacial malformations. Sned1 is widely expressed in embryos, notably by cell populations undergoing epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, such as the neural crest cells. We further show that mice with a neural-crest-cell-specific deletion of Sned1 survive, but display facial anomalies partly phenocopying the global knockout mice. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate requisite roles for SNED1 during development and neonatal survival. Importantly, the deletion of 2q37.3 in humans, a region that includes the SNED1 locus, has been associated with facial dysmorphism and short stature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Barqué
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kyleen Jan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Emanuel De La Fuente
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Christina L Nicholas
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Anthropology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Richard O Hynes
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alexandra Naba
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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15
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Humbert J, Salian S, Makrythanasis P, Lemire G, Rousseau J, Ehresmann S, Garcia T, Alasiri R, Bottani A, Hanquinet S, Beaver E, Heeley J, Smith ACM, Berger SI, Antonarakis SE, Yang XJ, Côté J, Campeau PM. De Novo KAT5 Variants Cause a Syndrome with Recognizable Facial Dysmorphisms, Cerebellar Atrophy, Sleep Disturbance, and Epilepsy. Am J Hum Genet 2020; 107:564-574. [PMID: 32822602 PMCID: PMC7477011 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2020.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
KAT5 encodes an essential lysine acetyltransferase, previously called TIP60, which is involved in regulating gene expression, DNA repair, chromatin remodeling, apoptosis, and cell proliferation; but it remains unclear whether variants in this gene cause a genetic disease. Here, we study three individuals with heterozygous de novo missense variants in KAT5 that affect normally invariant residues, with one at the chromodomain (p.Arg53His) and two at or near the acetyl-CoA binding site (p.Cys369Ser and p.Ser413Ala). All three individuals have cerebral malformations, seizures, global developmental delay or intellectual disability, and severe sleep disturbance. Progressive cerebellar atrophy was also noted. Histone acetylation assays with purified variant KAT5 demonstrated that the variants decrease or abolish the ability of the resulting NuA4/TIP60 multi-subunit complexes to acetylate the histone H4 tail in chromatin. Transcriptomic analysis in affected individual fibroblasts showed deregulation of multiple genes that control development. Moreover, there was also upregulated expression of PER1 (a key gene involved in circadian control) in agreement with sleep anomalies in all of the individuals. In conclusion, dominant missense KAT5 variants cause histone acetylation deficiency with transcriptional dysregulation of multiples genes, thereby leading to a neurodevelopmental syndrome with sleep disturbance, cerebellar atrophy, and facial dysmorphisms, and suggesting a recognizable syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Humbert
- St-Patrick Research Group in Basic Oncology, Laval University Cancer Research Center, Axe Oncologie du Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Quebec-Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1R 3S3, Canada
| | - Smrithi Salian
- Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Periklis Makrythanasis
- Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens 115 27, Greece; Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School and Geneva University Hospitals, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Gabrielle Lemire
- Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Justine Rousseau
- Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Sophie Ehresmann
- Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Thomas Garcia
- Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Rami Alasiri
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Armand Bottani
- Service of Genetic Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sylviane Hanquinet
- Unit of Pediatric Radiology, Geneva University Hospitals, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Erin Beaver
- Mercy Kids Genetics, St. Louis, MO 63141, USA
| | | | - Ann C M Smith
- Office of the Clinical Director, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20894, USA
| | - Seth I Berger
- Children's National Health System, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Stylianos E Antonarakis
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School and Geneva University Hospitals, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Xiang-Jiao Yang
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Jacques Côté
- St-Patrick Research Group in Basic Oncology, Laval University Cancer Research Center, Axe Oncologie du Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Quebec-Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1R 3S3, Canada
| | - Philippe M Campeau
- Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Center, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada.
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16
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Woodbury-Smith M, Zarrei M, Wei J, Thiruvahindrapuram B, O'Connor I, Paterson AD, Yuen RKC, Dastan J, Stavropoulos DJ, Howe JL, Thompson A, Parlier M, Fernandez B, Piven J, Anagnostou E, Scherer SW, Vieland VJ, Szatmari P. Segregating patterns of copy number variations in extended autism spectrum disorder (ASD) pedigrees. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2020; 183:268-276. [PMID: 32372567 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a relatively common childhood onset neurodevelopmental disorder with a complex genetic etiology. While progress has been made in identifying the de novo mutational landscape of ASD, the genetic factors that underpin the ASD's tendency to run in families are not well understood. In this study, nine extended pedigrees each with three or more individuals with ASD, and others with a lesser autism phenotype, were phenotyped and genotyped in an attempt to identify heritable copy number variants (CNVs). Although these families have previously generated linkage signals, no rare CNV segregated with these signals in any family. A small number of clinically relevant CNVs were identified. Only one CNV was identified that segregated with ASD phenotype; namely, a duplication overlapping DLGAP2 in three male offspring each with an ASD diagnosis. This gene encodes a synaptic scaffolding protein, part of a group of proteins known to be pathologically implicated in ASD. On the whole, however, the heritable nature of ASD in the families studied remains poorly understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Woodbury-Smith
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mehdi Zarrei
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - John Wei
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Irene O'Connor
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew D Paterson
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ryan K C Yuen
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jila Dastan
- Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, Molecular Genetics Laboratory, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dimitri J Stavropoulos
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, Molecular Genetics Laboratory, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer L Howe
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ann Thompson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Morgan Parlier
- Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Bridget Fernandez
- Provincial Medical Genetics Program, Health Sciences Center, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada
| | - Joseph Piven
- Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Stephen W Scherer
- The Centre for Applied Genomics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,McLaughlin Centre and Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Veronica J Vieland
- Battelle Center for Mathematical Medicine, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Peter Szatmari
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children & University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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17
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Casamassa A, Ferrari D, Gelati M, Carella M, Vescovi AL, Rosati J. A Link between Genetic Disorders and Cellular Impairment, Using Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells to Reveal the Functional Consequences of Copy Number Variations in the Central Nervous System-A Close Look at Chromosome 15. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051860. [PMID: 32182809 PMCID: PMC7084702 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent cutting-edge human genetics technology has allowed us to identify copy number variations (CNVs) and has provided new insights for understanding causative mechanisms of human diseases. A growing number of studies show that CNVs could be associated with physiological mechanisms linked to evolutionary trigger, as well as to the pathogenesis of various diseases, including cancer, autoimmune disease and mental disorders such as autism spectrum disorders, schizophrenia, intellectual disabilities or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Their incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity make diagnosis difficult and hinder comprehension of the mechanistic bases of these disorders. Additional elements such as co-presence of other CNVs, genomic background and environmental factors are involved in determining the final phenotype associated with a CNV. Genetically engineered animal models are helpful tools for understanding the behavioral consequences of CNVs. However, the genetic background and the biology of these animal model systems have sometimes led to confusing results. New cellular models obtained through somatic cellular reprogramming technology that produce induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from human subjects are being used to explore the mechanisms involved in the pathogenic consequences of CNVs. Considering the vast quantity of CNVs found in the human genome, we intend to focus on reviewing the current literature on the use of iPSCs carrying CNVs on chromosome 15, highlighting advantages and limits of this system with respect to mouse model systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Casamassa
- Cellular Reprogramming Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Viale dei Cappuccini 1, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy;
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Viale Abramo Lincoln 5, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Daniela Ferrari
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy;
| | - Maurizio Gelati
- Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Viale dei Cappuccini 1, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy; (M.G.); (M.C.)
| | - Massimo Carella
- Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Viale dei Cappuccini 1, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy; (M.G.); (M.C.)
| | - Angelo Luigi Vescovi
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126 Milan, Italy;
- Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Viale dei Cappuccini 1, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy; (M.G.); (M.C.)
- Correspondence: (A.L.V.); (J.R.)
| | - Jessica Rosati
- Cellular Reprogramming Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, Viale dei Cappuccini 1, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy;
- Correspondence: (A.L.V.); (J.R.)
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18
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D'Mello SR. Regulation of Central Nervous System Development by Class I Histone Deacetylases. Dev Neurosci 2020; 41:149-165. [PMID: 31982872 PMCID: PMC7263453 DOI: 10.1159/000505535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodevelopment is a highly complex process composed of several carefully regulated events starting from the proliferation of neuroepithelial cells and culminating with and refining of neural networks and synaptic transmission. Improper regulation of any of these neurodevelopmental events often results in severe brain dysfunction. Accumulating evidence indicates that epigenetic modifications of chromatin play a key role in neurodevelopmental regulation. Among these modifications are histone acetylation and deacetylation, which control access of transcription factors to DNA, thereby regulating gene transcription. Histone deacetylation, which restricts access of transcription factor repressing gene transcription, involves the action of members of a family of 18 enzymes, the histone deacetylases (HDAC), which are subdivided in 4 subgroups. This review focuses on the Group 1 HDACs - HDAC 1, 2, 3, and 8. Although much of the evidence for HDAC involvement in neurodevelopment has come from the use of pharmacological inhibitors, because these agents are generally nonselective with regard to their effects on individual members of the HDAC family, this review is limited to evidence garnered from the use of molecular genetic approaches. Our review describes that Class I HDACs play essential roles in all phases of neurodevelopment. Modulation of the activity of individual HDACs could be an important therapeutic approach for neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh R D'Mello
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas, USA,
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