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Li J, Yu Y, Zhao J, Zhang J, Wang Y, Ding K, Gao X, Zhang K. Genetic variants of the type-3 metabotropic glutamate receptor gene associated with human spatial localization ability. GENE REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2021.101135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Monroe TO, Garrett ME, Kousi M, Rodriguiz RM, Moon S, Bai Y, Brodar SC, Soldano KL, Savage J, Hansen TF, Muzny DM, Gibbs RA, Barak L, Sullivan PF, Ashley-Koch AE, Sawa A, Wetsel WC, Werge T, Katsanis N. PCM1 is necessary for focal ciliary integrity and is a candidate for severe schizophrenia. Nat Commun 2020; 11:5903. [PMID: 33214552 PMCID: PMC7677393 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-19637-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The neuronal primary cilium and centriolar satellites have functions in neurogenesis, but little is known about their roles in the postnatal brain. We show that ablation of pericentriolar material 1 in the mouse leads to progressive ciliary, anatomical, psychomotor, and cognitive abnormalities. RNAseq reveals changes in amine- and G-protein coupled receptor pathways. The physiological relevance of this phenotype is supported by decreased available dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) levels and the failure of antipsychotic drugs to rescue adult behavioral defects. Immunoprecipitations show an association with Pcm1 and D2Rs. Finally, we sequence PCM1 in two human cohorts with severe schizophrenia. Systematic modeling of all discovered rare alleles by zebrafish in vivo complementation reveals an enrichment for pathogenic alleles. Our data emphasize a role for the pericentriolar material in the postnatal brain, with progressive degenerative ciliary and behavioral phenotypes; and they support a contributory role for PCM1 in some individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia. The role of ciliary/centriolar components in the postnatal brain is unclear. Here, the authors show via ablation of Pcm1 in mice that degenerative ciliary/centriolar phenotypes induce neuroanatomical and behavioral changes. Sequencing of PCM1 in human cohorts and zebrafish in vivo complementation suggests PCM1 mutations can contribute to schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanner O Monroe
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.,Advanced Center for Translational and Genetic Medicine (ACT-GeM), Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Melanie E Garrett
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27701, USA
| | - Maria Kousi
- MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (CSAIL), Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Ramona M Rodriguiz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.,Mouse Behavioral and Neuroendocrine Analysis Core Facility, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Sungjin Moon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Yushi Bai
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Steven C Brodar
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Karen L Soldano
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27701, USA
| | - Jeremiah Savage
- Center for Translational Data Science, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60615, USA
| | - Thomas F Hansen
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Institute of Biological Psychiatry, MHC Sct. Hans, Mental Health Services, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Donna M Muzny
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, 77030, TX, USA.,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Richard A Gibbs
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, 77030, TX, USA.,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Lawrence Barak
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Patrick F Sullivan
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.,Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE-171 77, Sweden
| | - Allison E Ashley-Koch
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27701, USA
| | - Akira Sawa
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.,Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - William C Wetsel
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.,Mouse Behavioral and Neuroendocrine Analysis Core Facility, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.,Department of Neurobiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Thomas Werge
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Institute of Biological Psychiatry, MHC Sct. Hans, Mental Health Services, Copenhagen, Denmark.,iPSYCH - The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Center for GeoGenetics, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nicholas Katsanis
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA. .,Advanced Center for Translational and Genetic Medicine (ACT-GeM), Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
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Saini SM, Mancuso SG, Mostaid MS, Liu C, Pantelis C, Everall IP, Bousman CA. Meta-analysis supports GWAS-implicated link between GRM3 and schizophrenia risk. Transl Psychiatry 2017; 7:e1196. [PMID: 28786982 PMCID: PMC5611739 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2017.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide association study (GWAS) evidence has identified the metabotropic glutamate receptor 3 (GRM3) gene as a potential harbor for schizophrenia risk variants. However, previous meta-analyses have refuted the association between GRM3 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and schizophrenia risk. To reconcile these conflicting findings, we conducted the largest and most comprehensive meta-analysis of 14 SNPs in GRM3 from a total of 11 318 schizophrenia cases, 13 820 controls and 486 parent-proband trios. We found significant associations for three SNPs (rs2237562: odds ratio (OR)=1.06, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.02-1.11, P=0.017; rs13242038: OR=0.90, 95% CI=0.85-0.96, P=0.016 and rs917071: OR=0.94, 95% CI=0.91-0.97, P=0.003). Two of these SNPs (rs2237562, rs917071) were in strong-to-moderate linkage disequilibrium with the top GRM3 GWAS significant SNP (rs12704290) reported by the Schizophrenia Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium. We also found evidence for population stratification related to rs2237562 in that the 'risk' allele was dependent on the population under study. Our findings support the GWAS-implicated link between GRM3 genetic variation and schizophrenia risk as well as the notion that alleles conferring this risk may be population specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Saini
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, UKM Medical Center, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - S G Mancuso
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Md S Mostaid
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - C Liu
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - C Pantelis
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Neural Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC, Australia
- North Western Mental Health, Melbourne Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - I P Everall
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Centre for Neural Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, VIC, Australia
- North Western Mental Health, Melbourne Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - C A Bousman
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of General Practice, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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Maj C, Minelli A, Giacopuzzi E, Sacchetti E, Gennarelli M. The Role of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Genes in Schizophrenia. Curr Neuropharmacol 2016; 14:540-50. [PMID: 27296644 PMCID: PMC4983747 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x13666150514232745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Revised: 04/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomic studies revealed two main components in the genetic architecture of schizophrenia, one constituted by common variants determining a distributed polygenic effect and one represented by a large number of heterogeneous rare and highly disruptive mutations. These gene modifications often affect neural transmission and different studies proved an involvement of metabotropic glutamate receptors in schizophrenia phenotype. Through the combination of literature information with genomic data from public repositories, we analyzed the current knowledge on the involvement of genetic variations of the human metabotropic glutamate receptors in schizophrenia and related endophenotypes. Despite the analysis did not reveal a definitive connection, different suggestive associations have been identified and in particular a relevant role has emerged for GRM3 in affecting specific schizophrenia endophenotypes. This supports the hypothesis that these receptors are directly involved in schizophrenia disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Massimo Gennarelli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Biology and Genetic Division, University of Brescia, Viale Europa, 11 - 25123 Brescia, Italy.
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Kinoshita A, Takizawa R, Koike S, Satomura Y, Kawasaki S, Kawakubo Y, Marumo K, Tochigi M, Sasaki T, Nishimura Y, Kasai K. Effect of metabotropic glutamate receptor-3 variants on prefrontal brain activity in schizophrenia: An imaging genetics study using multi-channel near-infrared spectroscopy. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2015; 62:14-21. [PMID: 25914064 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2015.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Revised: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The glutamatergic system is essential for learning and memory through its crucial role in neural development and synaptic plasticity. Genes associated with the glutamatergic system, including metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR or GRM) genes, have been implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Few studies, however, have investigated a relationship between polymorphism of glutamate-related genes and cortical function in vivo in patients with schizophrenia. We thus explored an association between genetic variations in GRM3 and brain activation driven by a cognitive task in the prefrontal cortex in patients with schizophrenia. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-one outpatients with schizophrenia and 48 healthy controls participated in this study. We measured four candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs274622, rs2299225, rs1468412, and rs6465084) of GRM3, and activity in the prefrontal and temporal cortices during a category version of a verbal fluency task, using a 52-channel near-infrared spectroscopy instrument. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The rs274622 C carriers with schizophrenia were associated with significantly smaller prefrontal activation than patients with TT genotype. This between-genotype difference tended to be confined to the patient group. GRM3 polymorphisms are associated with prefrontal activation during cognitive task in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihide Kinoshita
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Ryu Takizawa
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Shinsuke Koike
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; Office for Mental Health Support, Division for Counseling and Support, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Satomura
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Shingo Kawasaki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; Application Development Office, Hitachi Medical Corporation, Kashiwa City, Chiba 277-0804, Japan
| | - Yuki Kawakubo
- Department of Child Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Kohei Marumo
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Mamoru Tochigi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; Department of Psychiatry, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Sasaki
- Department of Physical and Health Education, Graduate School of Education, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Yukika Nishimura
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Kiyoto Kasai
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
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Yang X, Wang G, Wang Y, Yue X. Association of metabotropic glutamate receptor 3 gene polymorphisms with schizophrenia risk: evidence from a meta-analysis. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2015; 11:823-33. [PMID: 25848280 PMCID: PMC4378872 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s77966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
To date, the role of metabotropic glutamate receptor 3 (GRM3) rs274622, rs1468412, rs917071, rs6465084, and rs2299225 polymorphisms in schizophrenia remains controversial. To provide a clearer picture for the effect of the five most studied GRM3 polymorphisms on risk of schizophrenia, this meta-analysis with eligible data from published studies was performed. Relevant case-control studies were retrieved by literature search and selected according to established inclusion criteria. Odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were used to assess the strength of association. A total of 33 individual studies were identified and included in our meta-analysis: nine for rs1468412, with 5,314 cases and 6,147 controls; six for rs917071, with 2,660 cases and 3,517 controls; seven for rs274622, with 3,820 cases and 4,015 controls; five for rs2299225, with 3,492 cases and 3,735 controls; and six for rs6465084, with 4,960 cases and 5,613 controls. However, no significant association was found between these GRM3 polymorphisms and schizophrenia in the overall population. With respect to rs1468412 polymorphism, a finding of very borderline statistical significance emerged in dominant comparison model for non-Asian populations, calling for large-scale verification to assess the marginally elevated risk of schizophrenia. In conclusion, these GRM3 polymorphisms have limited effect on the risks of schizophrenia. Further large and well-designed studies are needed to confirm this conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Yang
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Life Science and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Guiping Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaodong Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xia Yue
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Kaur H, Jajodia A, Grover S, Baghel R, Jain S, Kukreti R. Synergistic association of PI4KA and GRM3 genetic polymorphisms with poor antipsychotic response in south Indian schizophrenia patients with low severity of illness. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2014; 165B:635-46. [PMID: 25209194 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Literature indicates key role of glutamatergic pathway genes in antipsychotic response among schizophrenia patients. However, molecular basis of their underlying role in antipsychotic response remained unexplained. Thus, to unravel their molecular underpinnings, we sought to investigate interactions amongst GRM3, SLC1A1, SLC1A2, SLC1A3, SLC1A4 gene polymorphisms with drug response in south Indian schizophrenia patients. We genotyped 48 SNPs from these genes in 423 schizophrenia patients stratified into low and high severity of illness groups. The SNPs and haplotypic combinations of associated SNPs were examined for their association with antipsychotic response. Multifactor-dimensionality-reduction was further used to explore gene-gene interaction among these SNPs and 53 SNPs from previously studied genes (BDNF, RGS4, SLC6A3, PI4KA, and PIP4K2A). Single SNP and haplotype analyses revealed no significant association with drug response irrespective of severity of illness. Gene-gene interaction analyses yielded promising leads, including an observed synergistic effect between PI4KA_rs165854 and GRM3_rs1468412 polymorphisms and incomplete antipsychotic response in schizophrenia patients with low severity of illness (OR = 12.4; 95%CI = 3.69-41.69). Further, this interaction was also observed in atypical monotherapy (n = 355) and risperidone (n = 260) treatment subgroups (OR = 11.21; 95%CI = 3.30-38.12 and OR = 13.5; 95%CI = 3.03-121.61 respectively). PI4KA is known to be involved in the biosynthesis of phosphatidylinositol-4, 5-bisphosphate which regulates exocytotic fusion of synaptic vesicles (glutamate, dopamine) with the plasma membrane and regulates duration of signal transduction of GPCRs. Whereas GRM3 regulates glutamate and dopamine transmission. Present findings indicate that PI4KA and GRM3 polymorphisms have potential to jointly modulate antipsychotic response. These results warrant additional replication studies to shed further light on these interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harpreet Kaur
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine, CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, Delhi, India
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Orlando R, Borro M, Motolese M, Molinaro G, Scaccianoce S, Caruso A, di Nuzzo L, Caraci F, Matrisciano F, Pittaluga A, Mairesse J, Simmaco M, Nisticò R, Monn JA, Nicoletti F. Levels of the Rab GDP dissociation inhibitor (GDI) are altered in the prenatal restrain stress mouse model of schizophrenia and are differentially regulated by the mGlu2/3 receptor agonists, LY379268 and LY354740. Neuropharmacology 2014; 86:133-44. [PMID: 25063582 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Revised: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
LY379268 and LY354740, two agonists of mGlu2/3 metabotropic glutamate receptors, display different potencies in mouse models of schizophrenia. This differential effect of the two drugs remains unexplained. We performed a proteomic analysis in cultured cortical neurons challenged with either LY379268 or LY354740. Among the few proteins that were differentially influenced by the two drugs, Rab GDP dissociation inhibitor-β (Rab GDIβ) was down-regulated by LY379268 and showed a trend to an up-regulation in response to LY354740. In cultured hippocampal neurons, LY379268 selectively down-regulated the α isoform of Rab GDI. Rab GDI inhibits the activity of the synaptic vesicle-associated protein, Rab3A, and is reduced in the brain of schizophrenic patients. We examined the expression of Rab GDI in mice exposed to prenatal stress ("PRS mice"), which have been described as a putative model of schizophrenia. Rab GDIα protein levels were increased in the hippocampus of PRS mice at postnatal days (PND)1 and 21, but not at PND60. At PND21, PRS mice also showed a reduced depolarization-evoked [(3)H]d-aspartate release in hippocampal synaptosomes. The increase in Rab GDIα levels in the hippocampus of PRS mice was reversed by a 7-days treatment with LY379268 (1 or 10 mg/kg, i.p.), but not by treatment with equal doses of LY354740. These data strengthen the validity of PRS mice as a model of schizophrenia, and show for the first time a pharmacodynamic difference between LY379268 and LY354740 which might be taken into account in an attempt to explain the differential effect of the two drugs across mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosamaria Orlando
- IRCCS Associazione Oasi Maria S.S., Institute for Research on Mental Retardation and Brain Aging, Troina, Enna, Italy
| | - Marina Borro
- NESMOS Department, Advanced Molecular Diagnostic Unit, Sapienza University, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Sergio Scaccianoce
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Caruso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi di Nuzzo
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Filippo Caraci
- IRCCS Associazione Oasi Maria S.S., Institute for Research on Mental Retardation and Brain Aging, Troina, Enna, Italy; Department of Educational Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | | | - Anna Pittaluga
- Department of Pharmacy, Section of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Jerome Mairesse
- Neural Plasticity Team, Université Lille 1, International Associated Laboratory (LIA), France
| | - Maurizio Simmaco
- NESMOS Department, Advanced Molecular Diagnostic Unit, Sapienza University, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Robert Nisticò
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - James A Monn
- Discovery Chemistry Research and Technologies, Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN 46285, USA
| | - Ferdinando Nicoletti
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Rome Sapienza, Rome, Italy.
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Fujioka R, Nii T, Iwaki A, Shibata A, Ito I, Kitaichi K, Nomura M, Hattori S, Takao K, Miyakawa T, Fukumaki Y. Comprehensive behavioral study of mGluR3 knockout mice: implication in schizophrenia related endophenotypes. Mol Brain 2014; 7:31. [PMID: 24758191 PMCID: PMC4021612 DOI: 10.1186/1756-6606-7-31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We previously performed systematic association studies of glutamate receptor gene family members with schizophrenia, and found positive associations of polymorphisms in the GRM3 (a gene of metabotropic glutamate receptor 3: mGluR3) with the disorder. Physiological roles of GRM3 in brain functions and its functional roles in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia remain to be resolved. Results We generated mGluR3 knockout (KO) mice and conducted comprehensive behavioral analyses. KO mice showed hyperactivity in the open field, light/dark transition, and 24-hour home cage monitoring tests, impaired reference memory for stressful events in the Porsolt forced swim test, impaired contextual memory in cued and contextual fear conditioning test, and impaired working memory in the T-Maze forced alternation task test. Hyperactivity and impaired working memory are known as endophenotypes of schizophrenia. We examined long-term synaptic plasticity by assessing long-term potentiation (LTP) in the CA1 region in the hippocampi of KO and wild-type (WT) mice. We observed no differences in the amplitude of LTP between the two genotypes, suggesting that mGluR3 is not essential for LTP in the CA1 region of the mouse hippocampus. As hyperactivity is typically associated with increased dopaminergic transmission, we performed in vivo microdialysis measurements of extracellular dopamine in the nucleus accumbens of KO and WT mice. We observed enhancements in the methamphetamine (MAP)-induced release of dopamine in KO mice. Conclusions These results demonstrate that a disturbance in the glutamate-dopamine interaction may be involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia-like behavior, such as hyperactivity in mGluR3 KO mice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yasuyuki Fukumaki
- Division of Human Molecular Genetics, Research Center for Genetic Information, Medical Institute of Bioregulation, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
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Metabotropic glutamate receptor 3 is associated with heroin dependence but not depression or schizophrenia in a Chinese population. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87247. [PMID: 24498053 PMCID: PMC3909071 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 3 (mGluR3, encoded by GRM3) plays important roles in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia, depression, and drug dependence. GRM3 polymorphisms were reported to be associated with prefrontal activity, cognitive shifting, and memory capability in healthy subjects, as well as susceptibility to schizophrenia and depression. The goal of this study was to replicate the association of GRM3 with schizophrenia and depression and to explore GRM3's potential association with heroin dependence (HD) in a Chinese population. Seventeen SNPs throughout the GRM3 gene were genotyped using MALDI-TOF within the MassARRAY system, and the allele and genotype distributions were compared between 619 healthy controls and 433 patients with schizophrenia, 409 patients with major depression, and 584 unrelated addicts. We found that GRM3 polymorphisms modulate the susceptibility to HD but do not significantly influence the risk for schizophrenia or depression. An increased risk of HD was significantly associated with the minor alleles of two GRM3 SNPs, including the T allele of rs274618 (Odds ratio (OR) = 1.631, 95% confidence interval (95%CI): 1.317-2.005), the T allele of rs274622 (OR = 1.652, 95% CI: 1.336-2.036), compared with the major alleles. The addicts carrying the minor allele of rs274618 or rs274622 had a shortened duration for transition from first use to dependence (DTFUD) in comparison to homozygote for major allele (P<0.0001 for each SNP using log rank test). Additionally, a 6-SNP haplotype within 5' region of the GRM3 including the minor alleles of the two aforementioned SNPs was significantly associated with an increased risk of HD (P = 0.00001, OR = 1.668, 95% CI: 1.335-2.084). Our data indicated that GRM3 polymorphisms do not contribute to genetic susceptibility to schizophrenia and depression, but they confer an increased risk of HD in a Chinese population.
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11
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Bishop JR, Miller DD, Ellingrod VL, Holman T. Association between type-three metabotropic glutamate receptor gene (GRM3) variants and symptom presentation in treatment refractory schizophrenia. Hum Psychopharmacol 2011; 26:28-34. [PMID: 21344500 PMCID: PMC3199025 DOI: 10.1002/hup.1163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Positive associations between polymorphisms in the type-three metabotropic glutamate receptor gene (GRM3) and the pathogenesis of schizophrenia as well as response to antipsychotic treatment have been reported. The objective of this study was to determine whether refractory psychiatric symptoms in antipsychotic non-responders are related to polymorphisms in GRM3. METHODS Ninety-five treatment refractory schizophrenia participants were enrolled. Prior to a medication switch, global psychopathology and negative symptoms were rated. These participants were genotyped for seven markers in GRM3. Genotype associations with symptoms were assessed. RESULTS Two markers in GRM3 (rs1989796 and rs1476455), were associated with the presence of refractory global symptoms as measured by the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) Total scores. Participants with an rs1476455_CC genotype had significantly higher BPRS scores than A-carriers (55.1±10.4 vs. 48.3±9.2; F=7.6, p=0.0071). Additionally, participants with the rs1989796_CC genotype had significantly higher BPRS scores than T-carriers (50.1±5.7 vs. 55.8±10.5, F=7.1, p=0.0091). No evidence for significant associations with negative symptoms was observed. CONCLUSIONS Polymorphisms in the GRM3 gene may be associated with refractory global psychosis symptoms but not negative symptoms in persons with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey R. Bishop
- University of Illinois at Chicago Colleges of Pharmacy and Medicine, Department of Pharmacy Practice and Department of Psychiatry, Center for Cognitive Medicine
| | - Del D. Miller
- University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine Department of Psychiatry
| | - Vicki L. Ellingrod
- University of Michigan College of Pharmacy and College of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry
| | - Timothy Holman
- University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine Department of Psychiatry
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Krystal JH, Mathew SJ, D'Souza DC, Garakani A, Gunduz-Bruce H, Charney DS. Potential psychiatric applications of metabotropic glutamate receptor agonists and antagonists. CNS Drugs 2010; 24:669-93. [PMID: 20658799 DOI: 10.2165/11533230-000000000-00000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Drugs acting at metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) are among the most promising agents under development for the treatment of psychiatric disorders. The research in this area is at a relatively early stage, as there are no drugs acting at mGluRs that have been approved for the treatment of any psychiatric disorder. However, in the areas of schizophrenia, anxiety disorders and mood disorders, research conducted in animal models appears to translate well into efficacy in human laboratory-based models of psychopathology and in preliminary clinical trials. Further, the genes coding for mGluRs are implicated in the risk for a growing number of psychiatric disorders. This review highlights the best studied mGluR strategies for psychiatry, based on human molecular genetics, studies in animal models and preliminary clinical trials. It describes the potential value of mGluR2 and mGluR5 agonists and positive allosteric modulators for the treatment of schizophrenia. It also reviews evidence that group II mGluR agonists and positive allosteric modulators as well as group I mGluR antagonists might also treat anxiety disorders and some forms of depression, while mGluR2 and group I mGluR antagonists (particularly mGluR5 antagonists) might have antidepressant properties. This review also links growing insights into the role of glutamate in the pathophysiology of these disorders to hypothesized mGluR-related treatment mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- John H Krystal
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.
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Cherlyn SYT, Woon PS, Liu JJ, Ong WY, Tsai GC, Sim K. Genetic association studies of glutamate, GABA and related genes in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: a decade of advance. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2010; 34:958-77. [PMID: 20060416 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2010.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2009] [Revised: 01/01/2010] [Accepted: 01/04/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SZ) and bipolar disorder (BD) are debilitating neurobehavioural disorders likely influenced by genetic and non-genetic factors and which can be seen as complex disorders of synaptic neurotransmission. The glutamatergic and GABAergic neurotransmission systems have been implicated in both diseases and we have reviewed extensive literature over a decade for evidence to support the association of glutamate and GABA genes in SZ and BD. Candidate-gene based population and family association studies have implicated some ionotrophic glutamate receptor genes (GRIN1, GRIN2A, GRIN2B and GRIK3), metabotropic glutamate receptor genes (such as GRM3), the G72/G30 locus and GABAergic genes (e.g. GAD1 and GABRB2) in both illnesses to varying degrees, but further replication studies are needed to validate these results. There is at present no consensus on specific single nucleotide polymorphisms or haplotypes associated with the particular candidate gene loci in these illnesses. The genetic architecture of glutamate systems in bipolar disorder need to be better studied in view of recent data suggesting an overlap in the genetic aetiology of SZ and BD. There is a pressing need to integrate research platforms in genomics, epistatic models, proteomics, metabolomics, neuroimaging technology and translational studies in order to allow a more integrated understanding of glutamate and GABAergic signalling processes and aberrations in SZ and BD as well as their relationships with clinical presentations and treatment progress over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suat Ying Tan Cherlyn
- Institute of Mental Health/Woodbridge Hospital, 10 Buangkok View, Singapore 539747, Singapore
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14
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Moreno JL, Sealfon SC, González-Maeso J. Group II metabotropic glutamate receptors and schizophrenia. Cell Mol Life Sci 2009; 66:3777-85. [PMID: 19707855 PMCID: PMC2792875 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-009-0130-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2009] [Revised: 07/10/2009] [Accepted: 08/11/2009] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is one of the most common mental illnesses, with hereditary and environmental factors important for its etiology. All antipsychotics have in common a high affinity for monoaminergic receptors. Whereas hallucinations and delusions usually respond to typical (haloperidol-like) and atypical (clozapine-like) monoaminergic antipsychotics, their efficacy in improving negative symptoms and cognitive deficits remains inadequate. In addition, devastating side effects are a common characteristic of monoaminergic antipsychotics. Recent biochemical, preclinical and clinical findings support group II metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR2 and mGluR3) as a new approach to treat schizophrenia. This paper reviews the status of general knowledge of mGluR2 and mGluR3 in the psychopharmacology, genetics and neuropathology of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- José L. Moreno
- Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029 USA
- Division of Basic Neuroscience, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Stuart C. Sealfon
- Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029 USA
- Center for Translational Systems Biology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029 USA
| | - Javier González-Maeso
- Department of Psychiatry, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029 USA
- Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029 USA
- Division of Basic Neuroscience, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029 USA
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15
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Sodhi M, Wood KH, Meador-Woodruff J. Role of glutamate in schizophrenia: integrating excitatory avenues of research. Expert Rev Neurother 2008; 8:1389-406. [PMID: 18759551 DOI: 10.1586/14737175.8.9.1389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a debilitating lifelong disorder affecting up to 1% of the population worldwide, producing significant financial and emotional hardship for patients and their families. As yet, the causes of schizophrenia and the mechanism of action of antipsychotic drugs are unknown, and many patients do not respond well to currently available medications. Attempts to find risk factors for the disorder using epidemiological methods have shown that schizophrenia is highly heritable, and path analyses predict that the disorder is caused by several genes in combination with nongenetic factors. Therefore, intensive research efforts have been made to identify genes creating vulnerability to schizophrenia and also genes predicting response to treatment. Interactions of the glutamatergic system with dopaminergic and serotonergic circuitry are crucial for normal brain function, and their disruption may be a mechanism by which the pathophysiology of schizophrenia is manifest. Genes within the glutamatergic system are therefore strong candidates for investigation, and these include the glutamate receptor genes in addition to genes encoding neuregulin, dysbindin, D-amino acid oxidase and G72/G30. These genetic studies could eventually reveal new targets for antipsychotic drug treatment, which currently focuses on inhibition of the dopaminergic system. However, a recent breakthrough indicates clinical efficacy of a drug stimulating the metabotropic glutamate receptor II, LY2140023, which has improved efficacy for negative and cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia. Studies of larger patient samples are required to consolidate these data. Further investigation of glutamatergic targets is likely to reinvigorate antipsychotic drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monsheel Sodhi
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1720 7th Avenue Sth, Rm 590C CIRC, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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Nunokawa A, Watanabe Y, Kitamura H, Kaneko N, Arinami T, Ujike H, Inada T, Iwata N, Kunugi H, Itokawa M, Ozaki N, Someya T. Large-scale case-control study of a functional polymorphism in the glutamate receptor, metabotropic 3 gene in patients with schizophrenia. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2008; 62:239-40. [PMID: 18412850 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1819.2008.01762.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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