1
|
Anti-hypothalamus autoantibodies in anorexia nervosa: a possible new mechanism in neuro-physiological derangement? Eat Weight Disord 2022; 27:2481-2496. [PMID: 35297008 PMCID: PMC9556421 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-022-01388-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a serious and complex mental disorder affecting mainly young adult women. AN patients are characterized by low body weight in combination with self-induced starvation, intense fear of gaining weight, and distortion of body image. AN is a multifactorial disease, linked by recent evidence to a dysregulation of the immune system. METHODS In this pilot study, 22 blood serums from AN patients were tested for the presence of autoantibodies against primate hypothalamic periventricular neurons by immunofluorescence and by a home-made ELISA assay. Cellular fluorescence suggests the presence of autoantibodies which are able to recognize these neurons (both to body cell and fiber levels). By means of ELISA, these autoantibodies are quantitatively evaluated. In addition, orexigenic and anorexigenic molecules were measured by ELISA. As control, 18 blood serums from healthy age matched woman were analysed. RESULTS All AN patients showed a reactivity against hypothalamic neurons both by immunofluorescence and ELISA. In addition, ghrelin, pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC), and agouti-related peptide (AGRP) were significantly higher than in control serums (p < 0.0001). In contrast, leptin was significantly lower in AN patients than controls (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Immunoreaction and ELISA assays on AN blood serum suggest the presence of autoantibodies AN related. However, it is not easy to determine the action of these antibodies in vivo: they could interact with specific ligands expressed by hypothalamic cells preventing their physiological role, however, it is also possible that they could induce an aspecific stimulation in the target cells leading to an increased secretion of anorexigenic molecules. Further studies are needed to fully understand the involvement of the immune system in AN pathogenesis. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE V, descriptive study.
Collapse
|
2
|
Rodríguez-Quiroga A, MacDowell KS, Leza JC, Carrasco JL, Díaz-Marsá M. Childhood trauma determines different clinical and biological manifestations in patients with eating disorders. Eat Weight Disord 2021; 26:847-857. [PMID: 32424563 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-020-00922-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE There is a significant relationship between childhood trauma and the development of an eating disorder in adolescence or adulthood, possibly influenced by circulating levels of inflammatory parameters. The main objective is to identify and describe a subgroup of patients with eating disorders and a history of trauma in childhood or adolescence with differential clinical features. METHODS An observational study on a sample of 55 patients who met the diagnostic criteria for any DSM-5 eating disorder was carried out. Inflammatory parameters in white blood cells were examined. Patients underwent different assessments, including clinical and personality scales. RESULTS Patients with a history of trauma had higher scores in the delirious and narcissistic items of the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI-II) (p < 0.05) and a higher score in the paranoid item of the SCID-5 Personality Disorders Version (SCID-5-PD) (p < 0.05). Patients with distinguishing personality features were grouped according to the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire sexual subscale. Tumor necrosis alpha (TNF-α) showed a significant association with childhood trauma history. CONCLUSIONS There is a profile of patients with eating disorders who have increased activity in the inflammatory pathways that, if identified precociously, can benefit from specifically aimed interventions. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level V, observational study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Rodríguez-Quiroga
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor, Gran Vía del Este 80, 28030, Madrid, Spain. .,Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Medical School, Complutense University, Av. Séneca, 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Karina S MacDowell
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, Complutense University, Av. Séneca, 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Av. Cordoba, s/n, 28041, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan C Leza
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, Complutense University, Av. Séneca, 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Av. Cordoba, s/n, 28041, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Luis Carrasco
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Medical School, Complutense University, Av. Séneca, 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Calle del Prof Martín Lagos, s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Díaz-Marsá
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Medical School, Complutense University, Av. Séneca, 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Calle del Prof Martín Lagos, s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
González LM, García-Herráiz A, Mota-Zamorano S, Flores I, Albuquerque D, Gervasini G. Variants in the Obesity-Linked FTO gene locus modulates psychopathological features of patients with Anorexia Nervosa. Gene 2021; 783:145572. [PMID: 33737121 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.145572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Our aim was to determine whether variability in the fat mass obesity (FTO) gene locus, consistently related to obesity, affects the risk of eating disorders (ED) and/or the psychopathology displayed by these patients. We analyzed 26 tag-single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that capture FTO variability in 352 ED patients [233 with Anorexia Nervosa (AN) and 119 with binge-eating] and 396 controls. Psychopathological symptoms and traits were evaluated by the Eating Disorders Inventory Test 2 (EDI-2) and Symptoms Checklist 90 Revised (SCL-90R) questionnaires. No associations were found for ED risk. The rs7205987 CC genotype correlated with higher scores in all but one of the EDI-2 scales in the AN group. Associations with Bulimia (p = 0.0019) and Interoceptive Awareness (p = 0.00007) retained significance after False Discovery Rate (FDR) correction for multiple testing. A 3-SNP sliding window analysis showed that FTO haplotypes were again highly associated with Interoceptive Awareness (rs9921255/rs6499662/rs7205987 haplotype; FDR-q = 0.04), Bulimia (rs1125338/rs2192872/rs708258; FDR-q = 0.00037), and Maturity Fears (rs708258/rs12599672/rs11076017; FDR-q = 0.041). In addition, a distal region of the gene between rs9924877 (position 53947509) and rs2192872 (54040715) was linked to Anxiety, Depression and Phobic Anxiety in AN patients, with FDR-q values ranging from 0.023 to 0.045. The results suggest that the FTO gene might be an important locus regarding traits and psychopathological symptoms often displayed by AN patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luz M González
- Dpt. Medical-Surgical Therapeutics, Medical School, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Angustias García-Herráiz
- Eating Disorders Unit, Institute of Mental Disorders, Health Service of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Sonia Mota-Zamorano
- Dpt. Medical-Surgical Therapeutics, Medical School, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Isalud Flores
- Eating Disorders Unit, Institute of Mental Disorders, Health Service of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - David Albuquerque
- Genomics Group, Fundación Investigación Hospital General Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Guillermo Gervasini
- Dpt. Medical-Surgical Therapeutics, Medical School, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Himmerich H, Bentley J, Kan C, Treasure J. Genetic risk factors for eating disorders: an update and insights into pathophysiology. Ther Adv Psychopharmacol 2019; 9:2045125318814734. [PMID: 30800283 PMCID: PMC6378634 DOI: 10.1177/2045125318814734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome-wide-association studies (GWASs), epigenetic, gene-expression and gene-gene interaction projects, nutritional genomics and investigations of the gut microbiota have increased our knowledge of the pathophysiology of eating disorders (EDs). However, compared with anorexia nervosa, genetic studies in patients with bulimia nervosa and binge-eating disorder are relatively scarce, with the exception of a few formal genetic and small-sized candidate-gene-association studies. In this article, we review important findings derived from formal and molecular genetics in order to outline a genetics-based pathophysiological model of EDs. This model takes into account environmental and nutritional factors, genetic factors related to the microbiome, the metabolic and endocrine system, the immune system, and the brain, in addition to phenotypical traits of EDs. Shortcomings and advantages of genetic research in EDs are discussed against the historical background, but also in light of potential future treatment options for patients with EDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jessica Bentley
- Department of Psychological Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Carol Kan
- Department of Psychological Medicine, King’s College London, London, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Breuer R, Mattheisen M, Frank J, Krumm B, Treutlein J, Kassem L, Strohmaier J, Herms S, Mühleisen TW, Degenhardt F, Cichon S, Nöthen MM, Karypis G, Kelsoe J, Greenwood T, Nievergelt C, Shilling P, Shekhtman T, Edenberg H, Craig D, Szelinger S, Nurnberger J, Gershon E, Alliey-Rodriguez N, Zandi P, Goes F, Schork N, Smith E, Koller D, Zhang P, Badner J, Berrettini W, Bloss C, Byerley W, Coryell W, Foroud T, Guo Y, Hipolito M, Keating B, Lawson W, Liu C, Mahon P, McInnis M, Murray S, Nwulia E, Potash J, Rice J, Scheftner W, Zöllner S, McMahon FJ, Rietschel M, Schulze TG. Detecting significant genotype-phenotype association rules in bipolar disorder: market research meets complex genetics. Int J Bipolar Disord 2018; 6:24. [PMID: 30415424 PMCID: PMC6230336 DOI: 10.1186/s40345-018-0132-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Disentangling the etiology of common, complex diseases is a major challenge in genetic research. For bipolar disorder (BD), several genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been performed. Similar to other complex disorders, major breakthroughs in explaining the high heritability of BD through GWAS have remained elusive. To overcome this dilemma, genetic research into BD, has embraced a variety of strategies such as the formation of large consortia to increase sample size and sequencing approaches. Here we advocate a complementary approach making use of already existing GWAS data: a novel data mining procedure to identify yet undetected genotype–phenotype relationships. We adapted association rule mining, a data mining technique traditionally used in retail market research, to identify frequent and characteristic genotype patterns showing strong associations to phenotype clusters. We applied this strategy to three independent GWAS datasets from 2835 phenotypically characterized patients with BD. In a discovery step, 20,882 candidate association rules were extracted. Results Two of these rules—one associated with eating disorder and the other with anxiety—remained significant in an independent dataset after robust correction for multiple testing. Both showed considerable effect sizes (odds ratio ~ 3.4 and 3.0, respectively) and support previously reported molecular biological findings. Conclusion Our approach detected novel specific genotype–phenotype relationships in BD that were missed by standard analyses like GWAS. While we developed and applied our method within the context of BD gene discovery, it may facilitate identifying highly specific genotype–phenotype relationships in subsets of genome-wide data sets of other complex phenotype with similar epidemiological properties and challenges to gene discovery efforts. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40345-018-0132-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- René Breuer
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Manuel Mattheisen
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Center for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Josef Frank
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Bertram Krumm
- Department for Biostatistics, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Jens Treutlein
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Layla Kassem
- Human Genetics Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jana Strohmaier
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Stefan Herms
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Thomas W Mühleisen
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Franziska Degenhardt
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sven Cichon
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Structural and Functional Organisation of the Brain, Genomic Imaging, Research Centre Juelich, Juelich, Germany.,Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Markus M Nöthen
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - George Karypis
- Department of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - John Kelsoe
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, USA
| | - Tiffany Greenwood
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, USA.,BGI-Shenzhen, Beishan Industrial Zone, Yantian District, Shenzhen, China
| | - Caroline Nievergelt
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, USA
| | - Paul Shilling
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, USA
| | - Tatyana Shekhtman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, USA
| | - Howard Edenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
| | - David Craig
- The Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, USA
| | | | - John Nurnberger
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Elliot Gershon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Ney Alliey-Rodriguez
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Peter Zandi
- Department of Mental Health, John Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA
| | - Fernando Goes
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, John Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Nicholas Schork
- The Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, USA.,J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, USA
| | - Erin Smith
- Scripps Genomic Medicine & The Scripps Translational Sciences Institute (STSI), La Jolla, USA.,Department of Pediatrics and Rady's Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA
| | - Daniel Koller
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Judith Badner
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Wade Berrettini
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | | | - William Byerley
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | | | - Tatiana Foroud
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
| | - Yirin Guo
- Center for Applied Genomics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Abramson Research Center, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Maria Hipolito
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Howard University Hospital, Washington, USA
| | - Brendan Keating
- Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - William Lawson
- Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, USA
| | - Chunyu Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Pamela Mahon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, John Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Melvin McInnis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Sarah Murray
- Scripps Genomic Medicine & The Scripps Translational Sciences Institute (STSI), La Jolla, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, USA
| | | | - James Potash
- Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa School of Medicine, Iowa City, USA
| | - John Rice
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, USA
| | | | - Sebastian Zöllner
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Francis J McMahon
- Human Genetics Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Marcella Rietschel
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Thomas G Schulze
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany. .,Human Genetics Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA. .,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany. .,Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics (IPPG), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Nußbaumstr. 7, 80336, Munich, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Thornton LM, Munn-Chernoff MA, Baker JH, Juréus A, Parker R, Henders AK, Larsen JT, Petersen L, Watson HJ, Yilmaz Z, Kirk KM, Gordon S, Leppä VM, Martin FC, Whiteman DC, Olsen CM, Werge TM, Pedersen NL, Kaye W, Bergen AW, Halmi KA, Strober M, Kaplan AS, Woodside DB, Mitchell J, Johnson CL, Brandt H, Crawford S, Horwood LJ, Boden JM, Pearson JF, Duncan LE, Grove J, Mattheisen M, Jordan J, Kennedy MA, Birgegård A, Lichtenstein P, Norring C, Wade TD, Montgomery GW, Martin NG, Landén M, Mortensen PB, Sullivan PF, Bulik CM. The Anorexia Nervosa Genetics Initiative (ANGI): Overview and methods. Contemp Clin Trials 2018; 74:61-69. [PMID: 30287268 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2018.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genetic factors contribute to anorexia nervosa (AN); and the first genome-wide significant locus has been identified. We describe methods and procedures for the Anorexia Nervosa Genetics Initiative (ANGI), an international collaboration designed to rapidly recruit 13,000 individuals with AN and ancestrally matched controls. We present sample characteristics and the utility of an online eating disorder diagnostic questionnaire suitable for large-scale genetic and population research. METHODS ANGI recruited from the United States (US), Australia/New Zealand (ANZ), Sweden (SE), and Denmark (DK). Recruitment was via national registers (SE, DK); treatment centers (US, ANZ, SE, DK); and social and traditional media (US, ANZ, SE). All cases had a lifetime AN diagnosis based on DSM-IV or ICD-10 criteria (excluding amenorrhea). Recruited controls had no lifetime history of disordered eating behaviors. To assess the positive and negative predictive validity of the online eating disorder questionnaire (ED100K-v1), 109 women also completed the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID), Module H. RESULTS Blood samples and clinical information were collected from 13,363 individuals with lifetime AN and from controls. Online diagnostic phenotyping was effective and efficient; the validity of the questionnaire was acceptable. CONCLUSIONS Our multi-pronged recruitment approach was highly effective for rapid recruitment and can be used as a model for efforts by other groups. High online presence of individuals with AN rendered the Internet/social media a remarkably effective recruitment tool in some countries. ANGI has substantially augmented Psychiatric Genomics Consortium AN sample collection. ANGI is a registered clinical trial: clinicaltrials.govNCT01916538; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01916538?cond=Anorexia+Nervosa&draw=1&rank=3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Thornton
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | | | - Jessica H Baker
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Anders Juréus
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, PO Box 281, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Richard Parker
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Locked Bag 2000, Royal Brisbane Hospital QLD 4029, Australia
| | | | - Janne T Larsen
- Aarhus University, Norde Ringgade 1, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Hunna J Watson
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
| | - Zeynep Yilmaz
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Katherine M Kirk
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Locked Bag 2000, Royal Brisbane Hospital QLD 4029, Australia
| | - Scott Gordon
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Locked Bag 2000, Royal Brisbane Hospital QLD 4029, Australia
| | - Virpi M Leppä
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, PO Box 281, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Felicity C Martin
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Locked Bag 2000, Royal Brisbane Hospital QLD 4029, Australia
| | - David C Whiteman
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Locked Bag 2000, Royal Brisbane Hospital QLD 4029, Australia
| | - Catherine M Olsen
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Locked Bag 2000, Royal Brisbane Hospital QLD 4029, Australia
| | - Thomas M Werge
- iPSYCH, The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, Bartholin Alle 6, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; Mental Health Services, Institute for Biological Psychiatry, MHC Sct. Hans, Kristineberg 3, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; University of Copenhagen, Nørregade 10, DK-1165 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nancy L Pedersen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, PO Box 281, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Walter Kaye
- University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Andrew W Bergen
- Biorealm Research, 6101 W Centinela Ave # 270, Culver City, CA 90230, USA; Oregon Research Institute, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - Katherine A Halmi
- Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Michael Strober
- University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Allan S Kaplan
- University of Toronto, 27 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
| | - D Blake Woodside
- University of Toronto, 27 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada; Toronto General Hospital, 200 Elizabeth Street, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - James Mitchell
- Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, 120 8th Street South, Fargo, ND 58103, USA
| | - Craig L Johnson
- Eating Recovery Center, 7351 E. Lowry Blvd., Suite 200, Denver, CO 80230, USA
| | - Harry Brandt
- The Center for Eating Disorders at Sheppard Pratt, 6501 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21204, USA
| | - Steven Crawford
- The Center for Eating Disorders at Sheppard Pratt, 6501 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, MD 21204, USA
| | - L John Horwood
- Christchurch School of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Otago, 2 Riccarton Avenue, PO Box 4345, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
| | - Joseph M Boden
- Christchurch School of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Otago, 2 Riccarton Avenue, PO Box 4345, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
| | - John F Pearson
- Christchurch School of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Otago, 2 Riccarton Avenue, PO Box 4345, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
| | - Laramie E Duncan
- Stanford University, 450 Serra Mall, Stanford, CA 94305-2004, USA
| | - Jakob Grove
- Aarhus University, Norde Ringgade 1, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Manuel Mattheisen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, PO Box 281, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Aarhus University, Norde Ringgade 1, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Box 45436, 104 31 Stockholm, Sweden; University of Würzburg, Sanderring 2, 97070 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jennifer Jordan
- Christchurch School of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Otago, 2 Riccarton Avenue, PO Box 4345, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
| | - Martin A Kennedy
- Christchurch School of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Otago, 2 Riccarton Avenue, PO Box 4345, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
| | - Andreas Birgegård
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, PO Box 281, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Box 45436, 104 31 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paul Lichtenstein
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, PO Box 281, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Claes Norring
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, PO Box 281, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Box 45436, 104 31 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tracey D Wade
- Flinders University, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
| | | | - Nicholas G Martin
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Locked Bag 2000, Royal Brisbane Hospital QLD 4029, Australia
| | - Mikael Landén
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, PO Box 281, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; Gothenburg University, Box 100, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Preben Bo Mortensen
- Aarhus University, Norde Ringgade 1, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark; Mental Health Services, Institute for Biological Psychiatry, MHC Sct. Hans, Kristineberg 3, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; University of Copenhagen, Nørregade 10, DK-1165 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Patrick F Sullivan
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, PO Box 281, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cynthia M Bulik
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, PO Box 281, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lutter M, Bahl E, Hannah C, Hofammann D, Acevedo S, Cui H, McAdams CJ, Michaelson JJ. Novel and ultra-rare damaging variants in neuropeptide signaling are associated with disordered eating behaviors. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181556. [PMID: 28846695 PMCID: PMC5573281 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Eating disorders develop through a combination of genetic vulnerability and environmental stress, however the genetic basis of this risk is unknown. Methods To understand the genetic basis of this risk, we performed whole exome sequencing on 93 unrelated individuals with eating disorders (38 restricted-eating and 55 binge-eating) to identify novel damaging variants. Candidate genes with an excessive burden of predicted damaging variants were then prioritized based upon an unbiased, data-driven bioinformatic analysis. One top candidate pathway was empirically tested for therapeutic potential in a mouse model of binge-like eating. Results An excessive burden of novel damaging variants was identified in 186 genes in the restricted-eating group and 245 genes in the binge-eating group. This list is significantly enriched (OR = 4.6, p<0.0001) for genes involved in neuropeptide/neurotrophic pathways implicated in appetite regulation, including neurotensin-, glucagon-like peptide 1- and BDNF-signaling. Administration of the glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist exendin-4 significantly reduced food intake in a mouse model of ‘binge-like’ eating. Conclusions These findings implicate ultra-rare and novel damaging variants in neuropeptide/neurotropic factor signaling pathways in the development of eating disorder behaviors and identify glucagon-like peptide 1-receptor agonists as a potential treatment for binge eating.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Lutter
- Eating Recovery Center of Dallas, Plano, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ethan Bahl
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Claire Hannah
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Dabney Hofammann
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Summer Acevedo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Huxing Cui
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Carrie J. McAdams
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jacob J. Michaelson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Convergent and divergent genetic changes in the genome of Chinese and European pigs. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8662. [PMID: 28819228 PMCID: PMC5561219 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09061-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Since 10,000 BC, continuous human selection has led to intense genetic and phenotypic changes in pig (Sus scrofa) domestication. Through whole genome analysis of 257 individuals, we demonstrated artificial unidirectional and bidirectional selection as the primary force to shape the convergent and divergent changes between Chinese domestic pigs (CHD) and European domestic pigs (EUD). We identified 31 genes in unidirectional selection regions that might be related to fundamental domestication requirements in pigs. And these genes belong predominantly to categories related to the nervous system, muscle development, and especially to metabolic diseases. In addition, 35 genes, representing different breeding preference, were found under bidirectional selection for the distinct leanness and reproduction traits between CHD and EUD. The convergent genetic changes, contributing physical and morphological adaption, represent the common concerns on pig domestication. And the divergent genetic changes reflect distinct breeding goals between Chinese and European pigs. Using ITPR3, AHR and NMU as examples, we explored and validated how the genetic variations contribute to the phenotype changes.
Collapse
|
9
|
Chen X, Long F, Cai B, Chen X, Chen G. A novel relationship for schizophrenia, bipolar and major depressive disorder Part 5: a hint from chromosome 5 high density association screen. Am J Transl Res 2017; 9:2473-2491. [PMID: 28559998 PMCID: PMC5446530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Familial clustering of schizophrenia (SCZ), bipolar disorder (BPD), and major depressive disorder (MDD) was systematically reported (Aukes, M. F. Genet Med 2012, 14, 338-341) and any two or even three of these disorders could co-exist in some families. In addition, evidence from symptomatology and psychopharmacology also imply that there are intrinsic connections between these three major disorders. A total of 56,569 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) on chromosome 5 were genotyped by Affymetrix Genome-Wide Human SNP array 6.0 on 119 SCZ, 253 BPD (type-I), 177 MDD patients and 1000 controls. Associated SNPs and flanking genes was screen out systematically, and cadherin pathway genes (CDH6, CDH9, CDH10, CDH12, and CDH18) belong to outstanding genes. Unexpectedly, nearly all flanking genes of the associated SNPs distinctive for BPD and MDD were replicated in an enlarged cohort of 986 SCZ patients (P ≤ 9.9E-8). Considering multiple bits of evidence, our chromosome 5 analyses implicated that bipolar and major depressive disorder might be subtypes of schizophrenia rather than two independent disease entities. Also, cadherin pathway genes play important roles in the pathogenesis of the three major mental disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xing Chen
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences18877 Jingshi Road, Jinan 250062, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feng Long
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences18877 Jingshi Road, Jinan 250062, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bin Cai
- Capital Bio Corporation18 Life Science Parkway, Changping District, Beijing 102206, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaohong Chen
- Capital Bio Corporation18 Life Science Parkway, Changping District, Beijing 102206, People’s Republic of China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences18877 Jingshi Road, Jinan 250062, Shandong, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lutter M, Khan MZ, Satio K, Davis KC, Kidder IJ, McDaniel L, Darbro BW, Pieper AA, Cui H. The Eating-Disorder Associated HDAC4 A778T Mutation Alters Feeding Behaviors in Female Mice. Biol Psychiatry 2017; 81:770-777. [PMID: 27884425 PMCID: PMC5386818 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2016.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While eating disorders (EDs) are thought to result from a combination of environmental and psychological stressors superimposed on genetic vulnerability, the neurobiological basis of EDs remains incompletely understood. We recently reported that a rare missense mutation in the gene for the transcriptional repressor histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4) is associated with the risk of developing an ED in humans. METHODS To understand the biological consequences of this missense mutation, we created transgenic mice carrying this mutation by introducing the alanine to threonine mutation at position 778 of mouse Hdac4 (corresponding to position 786 of the human protein). Bioinformatic analysis to identify Hdac4-regulated genes was performed using available databases. RESULTS Male mice heterozygous for HDAC4A778T did not show any metabolic or behavioral differences. In contrast, female mice heterozygous for HDAC4A778T display several ED-related feeding and behavioral deficits depending on housing condition. Individually housed HDAC4A778T female mice exhibit reduced effortful responding for high-fat diet and compulsive grooming, whereas group-housed female mice display increased weight gain on high-fat diet, reduced behavioral despair, and increased anxiety-like behaviors. Bioinformatic analysis identifies mitochondrial biogenesis including synthesis of glutamate/gamma-aminobutyric acid as a potential transcriptional target of HDAC4A778T activity relevant to the behavioral deficits identified in this new mouse model of disordered eating. CONCLUSIONS The HDAC4A778T mouse line is a novel model of ED-related behaviors and identifies mitochondrial biogenesis as a potential molecular pathway contributing to behavioral deficits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Huxing Cui
- Pharmacology, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Integrating multi-omics biomarkers and postprandial metabolism to develop personalized treatment for anorexia nervosa. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2017; 132:69-76. [PMID: 28232135 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anorexia Nervosa (AN) is a serious mental illness characterized by emaciation, an intense fear of gaining weight despite being underweight, and distorted body image. Few treatments reverse the core symptoms in AN such as profound aversion to food and food avoidance. Consequently, AN has a chronic and relapsing course and the highest mortality rate of any psychiatric illness. A more complete understanding of the disease pathogenesis is needed in order to develop better treatments and improve AN outcome. The pathogenesis and psychopathophysiology of AN can be better elucidated by combining longitudinal phenotyping with multiple "omics" techniques, including genomics, proteomics, lipidomics, and metabolomics. DESIGN This paper summarizes the key findings of a series of interrelated studies including new experimental data and previously published data, and describes our current initiatives and future directions. RESULTS Exon sequencing data was analyzed in 1205 AN and 1948 controls. Targeted metabolomics, lipidomics, and proteomics data were collected in two independent convenience samples consisting of 75 subjects with eating disorders and 61 sex- and age-matched healthy controls. Study participants were female and the mean age was 22.9 (4.9 [SD]) years. Epoxide hydrolase 2 (EPHX2) genetic variations were significantly associated with AN risk, and epoxide hydrolase (sEH) activity was elevated in AN compared to controls. The polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and eicosanoids data revealed that cytochrome P450 pathway was implicated in AN, and AN displayed a dysregulated postprandial metabolism of PUFAs and sEH-dependent eicosanoids. IMPLICATION AND CURRENT INITIATIVES Collectively, our data suggest that dietary factors may contribute to the burden of EPHX2-associated AN susceptibility and affect disease outcome. We are implementing new investigations using a longitudinal study design in order to validate and develop an EPHX2 multi-omics biomarker system. We will test whether sEH-associated postprandial metabolism increases AN risk and affects treatment outcome through an ω-6 rich breakfast challenge. Participants will include 100 ill AN patients, 100 recovered AN patients, and 100 age- and race-matched healthy women. These data will allow us to investigate 1) how genetic and dietary factors independently and synergistically contribute to AN risk and progression, and 2) if clinical severity and treatment response in AN are affected by sEH activity and eicosanoid dysregulation. Results of our study will 1) identify clinically relevant biomarkers, 2) unravel mechanistic functions of sEH, and 3) delineate contributory roles of dietary PUFAs and cytochrome P450 pathway eicosanoids for the purpose of developing novel AN treatments and improving disease prognosis.
Collapse
|
12
|
The First Pilot Genome-Wide Gene-Environment Study of Depression in the Japanese Population. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160823. [PMID: 27529621 PMCID: PMC4986946 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Stressful events have been identified as a risk factor for depression. Although gene–environment (G × E) interaction in a limited number of candidate genes has been explored, no genome-wide search has been reported. The aim of the present study is to identify genes that influence the association of stressful events with depression. Therefore, we performed a genome-wide G × E interaction analysis in the Japanese population. A genome-wide screen with 320 subjects was performed using the Affymetrix Genome-Wide Human Array 6.0. Stressful life events were assessed using the Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS) and depression symptoms were assessed with self-rating questionnaires using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale. The p values for interactions between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and stressful events were calculated using the linear regression model adjusted for sex and age. After quality control of genotype data, a total of 534,848 SNPs on autosomal chromosomes were further analyzed. Although none surpassed the level of the genome-wide significance, a marginal significant association of interaction between SRRS and rs10510057 with depression were found (p = 4.5 × 10−8). The SNP is located on 10q26 near Regulators of G-protein signaling 10 (RGS10), which encodes a regulatory molecule involved in stress response. When we investigated a similar G × E interaction between depression (K6 scale) and work-related stress in an independent sample (n = 439), a significant G × E effect on depression was observed (p = 0.015). Our findings suggest that rs10510057, interacting with stressors, may be involved in depression risk. Incorporating G × E interaction into GWAS can contribute to find susceptibility locus that are potentially missed by conventional GWAS.
Collapse
|
13
|
Gorwood P, Blanchet-Collet C, Chartrel N, Duclos J, Dechelotte P, Hanachi M, Fetissov S, Godart N, Melchior JC, Ramoz N, Rovere-Jovene C, Tolle V, Viltart O, Epelbaum J. New Insights in Anorexia Nervosa. Front Neurosci 2016; 10:256. [PMID: 27445651 PMCID: PMC4925664 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is classically defined as a condition in which an abnormally low body weight is associated with an intense fear of gaining weight and distorted cognitions regarding weight, shape, and drive for thinness. This article reviews recent evidences from physiology, genetics, epigenetics, and brain imaging which allow to consider AN as an abnormality of reward pathways or an attempt to preserve mental homeostasis. Special emphasis is put on ghrelino-resistance and the importance of orexigenic peptides of the lateral hypothalamus, the gut microbiota and a dysimmune disorder of neuropeptide signaling. Physiological processes, secondary to underlying, and premorbid vulnerability factors-the "pondero-nutritional-feeding basements"- are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip Gorwood
- Centre Hospitalier Sainte-Anne (CMME)Paris, France; UMR-S 894, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre de Psychiatrie et NeurosciencesParis, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris CitéParis, France
| | | | - Nicolas Chartrel
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U982, Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Institute for Research and Innovation in BiomedicineRouen, France; Normandy UniversityCaen, France; University of RouenRouen, France
| | - Jeanne Duclos
- Adolescents and Young Adults Psychiatry Department, Institut Mutualiste MontsourisParis, France; CESP, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université Paris-Descartes, USPCParis, France; University Reims, Champagne-Ardenne, Laboratoire Cognition, Santé, Socialisation (C2S)-EA 6291Reims, France
| | - Pierre Dechelotte
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1073 IRIB Normandy UniversityRouen, France; Faculté de Médecine-PharmacieRouen, France
| | - Mouna Hanachi
- Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1179, équipe Thérapeutiques Innovantes et Technologies Appliquées aux Troubles Neuromoteurs, UFR des Sciences de la Santé Simone VeilMontigny-le-Bretonneux, France; Département de Médecine (Unité de Nutrition), Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de ParisGarches, France
| | - Serguei Fetissov
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1073 IRIB Normandy University Rouen, France
| | - Nathalie Godart
- Adolescents and Young Adults Psychiatry Department, Institut Mutualiste MontsourisParis, France; CESP, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université Paris-Descartes, USPCParis, France
| | - Jean-Claude Melchior
- Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U1179, équipe Thérapeutiques Innovantes et Technologies Appliquées aux Troubles Neuromoteurs, UFR des Sciences de la Santé Simone VeilMontigny-le-Bretonneux, France; Département de Médecine (Unité de Nutrition), Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de ParisGarches, France
| | - Nicolas Ramoz
- UMR-S 894, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre de Psychiatrie et NeurosciencesParis, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris CitéParis, France
| | - Carole Rovere-Jovene
- Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, UMR6097, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Valbonne, France
| | - Virginie Tolle
- UMR-S 894, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre de Psychiatrie et NeurosciencesParis, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris CitéParis, France
| | - Odile Viltart
- Université Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR-S 1172 - JPArc - Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre AUBERT Neurosciences et Cancer Lille, France
| | - Jacques Epelbaum
- UMR-S 894, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre de Psychiatrie et NeurosciencesParis, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris CitéParis, France
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Catechol-O-methyltransferase activity in erythrocytes from patients with eating disorders. Eat Weight Disord 2016; 21:221-7. [PMID: 26296436 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-015-0213-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Abnormal feeding has been linked to disruptions in brain dopaminergic activity and recent studies have assessed the role of catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) in eating disorders. This is the first study to quantify the soluble catechol-O-methyltransferase (S-COMT) activity in erythrocytes from patients with anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN) and binge-eating disorder (BED) and the first study at all to evaluate the COMT on patients with BED. METHODS Forty blood samples from patients with AN, BN and BED and healthy controls were drawn to evaluate S-COMT activity in erythrocytes by high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. Since several patients were being treated with fluoxetine 20 mg, they were included in a different group (BN MED and BED MED). Liver homogenates from rats were used to evaluate baseline S-COMT activity in the presence of fluoxetine by the same in vitro procedures and assays. RESULTS Erythrocyte S-COMT activity (pmol/mg prt/h) was significantly increased in patients with BN and BED (41.3 ± 6.8 and 41.4 ± 14, respectively) compared to control group (25.3 ± 9.7). In fluoxetine-treated patients with BN, S-COMT activity (15.9 ± 8.8) was decreased compared to the other BN group; however, in BED group, the difference between BED MED and BED was not observed. In patients with AN, no significant difference was found compared to controls. CONCLUSION Patients with BN and BED presented higher S-COMT activity in erythrocytes, which is in agreement with previous studies on the literature addressing the high-activity COMT allele, Val158, as risk factor for eating disorders. Although in fluoxetine-treated patients with BN the activity of S-COMT was similar to the controls, this is not explained by a direct interaction between fluoxetine and S-COMT as verified in in vitro assays.
Collapse
|
15
|
Madra M, Zeltser LM. BDNF-Val66Met variant and adolescent stress interact to promote susceptibility to anorexic behavior in mice. Transl Psychiatry 2016; 6:e776. [PMID: 27045846 PMCID: PMC4872394 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2016.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent need to identify therapeutic targets for anorexia nervosa (AN) because current medications do not impact eating behaviors that drive AN's high mortality rate. A major obstacle to developing new treatments is the lack of animal models that recapitulate the pattern of disease onset typically observed in human populations. Here we describe a translational mouse model to study interactions between genetic, psychological and biological risk factors that promote anorexic behavior. We combined several factors that are consistently associated with increased risk of AN-adolescent females, genetic predisposition to anxiety imposed by the BDNF-Val66Met gene variant, social isolation stress and caloric restriction (CR). Approximately 40% of the mice with all of these risk factors will exhibit severe self-imposed dietary restriction, sometimes to the point of death. We systematically varied the risk factors outlined above to explore how they interact to influence anorexic behavior. We found that the Val66Met genotype markedly increases the likelihood and severity of abnormal feeding behavior triggered by CR, but only when CR is imposed in the peri-pubertal period. Incidence of anorexic behavior in our model is dependent on juvenile exposure to social stress and can be extinguished by adolescent handling, but is discordant from anxiety-like behavior. Thus, this study characterized gene × environment interactions during adolescence that could be the underlying driver of abnormal eating behavior in certain AN patients, and represents a promising system to identify possible targets for therapeutic intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Madra
- Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - L M Zeltser
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, 1150 Saint Nicholas Avenue, New York, NY 10032, USA. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Shih PB, Yang J, Morisseau C, German JB, Zeeland AASV, Armando AM, Quehenberger O, Bergen AW, Magistretti P, Berrettini W, Halmi KA, Schork N, Hammock BD, Kaye W. Dysregulation of soluble epoxide hydrolase and lipidomic profiles in anorexia nervosa. Mol Psychiatry 2016; 21:537-46. [PMID: 25824304 PMCID: PMC4591075 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2015.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2014] [Revised: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN) restrict eating and become emaciated. They tend to have an aversion to foods rich in fat. Because epoxide hydrolase 2 (EPHX2) was identified as a novel AN susceptibility gene, and because its protein product, soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), converts bioactive epoxides of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) to the corresponding diols, lipidomic and metabolomic targets of EPHX2 were assessed to evaluate the biological functions of EPHX2 and their role in AN. Epoxide substrates of sEH and associated oxylipins were measured in ill AN, recovered AN and gender- and race-matched controls. PUFA and oxylipin markers were tested as potential biomarkers for AN. Oxylipin ratios were calculated as proxy markers of in vivo sEH activity. Several free- and total PUFAs were associated with AN diagnosis and with AN recovery. AN displayed elevated n-3 PUFAs and may differ from controls in PUFA elongation and desaturation processes. Cytochrome P450 pathway oxylipins from arachidonic acid, linoleic acid, alpha-linolenic acid and docosahexaenoic acid PUFAs are associated with AN diagnosis. The diol:epoxide ratios suggest the sEH activity is higher in AN compared with controls. Multivariate analysis illustrates normalization of lipidomic profiles in recovered ANs. EPHX2 influences AN risk through in vivo interaction with dietary PUFAs. PUFA composition and concentrations as well as sEH activity may contribute to the pathogenesis and prognosis of AN. Our data support the involvement of EPHX2-associated lipidomic and oxylipin dysregulations in AN, and reveal their potential as biomarkers to assess responsiveness to future intervention or treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P B Shih
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - J Yang
- Department of Entomology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - C Morisseau
- Department of Entomology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - J B German
- Department of Entomology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - A M Armando
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - O Quehenberger
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - A W Bergen
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - P Magistretti
- Division of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, KAUST, Thuwal, KSA and Brain Mind Institute, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - W Berrettini
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - K A Halmi
- Department of Psychiatry, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - N Schork
- Department of Human Biology, J. Craig Venter Institute, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - B D Hammock
- Department of Entomology, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - W Kaye
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Guo Y, Wei Z, Keating BJ, Hakonarson H. Machine learning derived risk prediction of anorexia nervosa. BMC Med Genomics 2016; 9:4. [PMID: 26792494 PMCID: PMC4721143 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-016-0165-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a complex psychiatric disease with a moderate to strong genetic contribution. In addition to conventional genome wide association (GWA) studies, researchers have been using machine learning methods in conjunction with genomic data to predict risk of diseases in which genetics play an important role. Methods In this study, we collected whole genome genotyping data on 3940 AN cases and 9266 controls from the Genetic Consortium for Anorexia Nervosa (GCAN), the Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium 3 (WTCCC3), Price Foundation Collaborative Group and the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP), and applied machine learning methods for predicting AN disease risk. The prediction performance is measured by area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), indicating how well the model distinguishes cases from unaffected control subjects. Results Logistic regression model with the lasso penalty technique generated an AUC of 0.693, while Support Vector Machines and Gradient Boosted Trees reached AUC’s of 0.691 and 0.623, respectively. Using different sample sizes, our results suggest that larger datasets are required to optimize the machine learning models and achieve higher AUC values. Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first attempt to assess AN risk based on genome wide genotype level data. Future integration of genomic, environmental and family-based information is likely to improve the AN risk evaluation process, eventually benefitting AN patients and families in the clinical setting. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12920-016-0165-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Guo
- The Center for Applied Genomics, Abramson Research Center, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Zhi Wei
- Department of Computer Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
| | - Brendan J Keating
- The Center for Applied Genomics, Abramson Research Center, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | | | | | | | - Hakon Hakonarson
- The Center for Applied Genomics, Abramson Research Center, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Hawrylycz M, Miller JA, Menon V, Feng D, Dolbeare T, Guillozet-Bongaarts AL, Jegga AG, Aronow BJ, Lee CK, Bernard A, Glasser MF, Dierker DL, Menche J, Szafer A, Collman F, Grange P, Berman KA, Mihalas S, Yao Z, Stewart L, Barabási AL, Schulkin J, Phillips J, Ng L, Dang C, Haynor DR, Jones A, Van Essen DC, Koch C, Lein E. Canonical genetic signatures of the adult human brain. Nat Neurosci 2015; 18:1832-44. [PMID: 26571460 PMCID: PMC4700510 DOI: 10.1038/nn.4171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 367] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The structure and function of the human brain are highly stereotyped, implying a conserved molecular program responsible for its development, cellular structure and function. We applied a correlation-based metric called differential stability to assess reproducibility of gene expression patterning across 132 structures in six individual brains, revealing mesoscale genetic organization. The genes with the highest differential stability are highly biologically relevant, with enrichment for brain-related annotations, disease associations, drug targets and literature citations. Using genes with high differential stability, we identified 32 anatomically diverse and reproducible gene expression signatures, which represent distinct cell types, intracellular components and/or associations with neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders. Genes in neuron-associated compared to non-neuronal networks showed higher preservation between human and mouse; however, many diversely patterned genes displayed marked shifts in regulation between species. Finally, highly consistent transcriptional architecture in neocortex is correlated with resting state functional connectivity, suggesting a link between conserved gene expression and functionally relevant circuitry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeremy A Miller
- The Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Vilas Menon
- The Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - David Feng
- The Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Tim Dolbeare
- The Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Anil G Jegga
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital and Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Bruce J Aronow
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital and Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Chang-Kyu Lee
- The Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Amy Bernard
- The Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Matthew F Glasser
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Donna L Dierker
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jörg Menche
- Center for Complex Networks Research, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Center for Network Science, Central European University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Aaron Szafer
- The Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Forrest Collman
- The Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Pascal Grange
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kenneth A Berman
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computing Systems, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Stefan Mihalas
- The Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Zizhen Yao
- The Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Lance Stewart
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Albert-László Barabási
- Center for Complex Networks Research, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Center for Network Science, Central European University, Budapest, Hungary.,Center for Cancer Systems Biology and Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jay Schulkin
- Department of Neuroscience, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - John Phillips
- The Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Lydia Ng
- The Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Chinh Dang
- The Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - David R Haynor
- Department of Radiology, The University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Allan Jones
- The Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - David C Van Essen
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Christof Koch
- The Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Ed Lein
- The Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, Washington, USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
Eating disorders (EDs) are serious psychiatric conditions influenced by biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors. A better understanding of the genetics of these complex traits and the development of more sophisticated molecular biology tools have advanced our understanding of the etiology of EDs. The aim of this review is to critically evaluate the literature on the genetic research conducted on three major EDs: anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), and binge eating disorder (BED). We will first review the diagnostic criteria, clinical features, prevalence, and prognosis of AN, BN, and BED, followed by a review of family, twin, and adoption studies. We then review the history of genetic studies of EDs covering linkage analysis, candidate gene association studies, genome-wide association studies, and the study of rare variants in EDs. Our review also incorporates a translational perspective by covering animal models of ED-related phenotypes. Finally, we review the nascent field of epigenetics of EDs and a look forward to future directions for ED genetic research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Yilmaz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - J Andrew Hardaway
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Cynthia M Bulik
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA; Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Gamero-Villarroel C, González LM, Gordillo I, Carrillo JA, García-Herráiz A, Flores I, Rodríguez-López R, Gervasini G. Impact of NEGR1 genetic variability on psychological traits of patients with eating disorders. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2014; 15:278-83. [PMID: 25245582 DOI: 10.1038/tpj.2014.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Genetics variants in the NEGR1 gene, strongly expressed in the brain, have been reported to affect the neuronal control of food intake therefore inducing obesity. With the same rationale, we hypothesized that this genetic variability may be associated with psychological traits commonly displayed by eating disorder (ED) patients and/or with the risk for the disorder. We analyzed 21 tag-single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the coding sequence and adjacent regions of the NEGR1 gene. A total of 169 ED patients (106 with anorexia nervosa (AN) and 63 with bulimia nervosa (BN)) and 312 healthy subjects were genotyped. Personality traits and general psychopathological symptoms were assessed by the Eating Disorders Inventory Test-2 (EDI-2) and Symptom Checklist 90 Revised inventories. None of the SNPs or haplotypes analyzed were associated with a greater risk of ED or correlated with anthropometric parameters. However, in patients with BN, four SNPs (rs12740031, rs10789322, rs6659202 and rs591540) correlated with the scores in Drive for Thinness (DT), Ineffectiveness (I) and Interoceptive Awareness (IA) (Bonferroni-P<0.05 in all instances). The first two SNPs along with rs954299 and rs2422021 formed a haplotype block, which showed a consistent association with the EDI-2 score in BN patients (Bonferroni-P=0.01). A subsequent three-SNP sliding-window approach identified a central area, encompassing both the haplotype block and the individually relevant SNPs that strongly correlated with the scores of BN patients in DT, I, IA and Bulimia. No associations were identified in the AN group. These preliminary results indicate that NEGR1 could be an important locus influencing certain personality dimensions in BN patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Gamero-Villarroel
- Department of Medical & Surgical Therapeutics, Division of Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - L María González
- Department of Medical & Surgical Therapeutics, Division of Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - I Gordillo
- Department of Medical & Surgical Therapeutics, Division of Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - J Antonio Carrillo
- Department of Medical & Surgical Therapeutics, Division of Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - A García-Herráiz
- Eating Disorders Unit, Institute of Mental Disorders, Health Service of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - I Flores
- Eating Disorders Unit, Institute of Mental Disorders, Health Service of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - R Rodríguez-López
- Service of Clinical Analyses, General University Hospital, Valencia, Spain
| | - G Gervasini
- Department of Medical & Surgical Therapeutics, Division of Pharmacology, Medical School, University of Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Jaffe AE, Deep-Soboslay A, Tao R, Hauptman DT, Kaye WH, Arango V, Weinberger DR, Hyde TM, Kleinman JE. Genetic neuropathology of obsessive psychiatric syndromes. Transl Psychiatry 2014; 4:e432. [PMID: 25180571 PMCID: PMC4203002 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2014.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) are complex psychiatric disorders with shared obsessive features, thought to arise from the interaction of multiple genes of small effect with environmental factors. Potential candidate genes for AN, BN and OCD have been identified through clinical association and neuroimaging studies; however, recent genome-wide association studies of eating disorders (ED) so far have failed to report significant findings. In addition, few, if any, studies have interrogated postmortem brain tissue for evidence of expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs) associated with candidate genes, which has particular promise as an approach to elucidating molecular mechanisms of association. We therefore selected single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) based on candidate gene studies for AN, BN and OCD from the literature, and examined the association of these SNPs with gene expression across the lifespan in prefrontal cortex of a nonpsychiatric control cohort (N=268). Several risk-predisposing SNPs were significantly associated with gene expression among control subjects. We then measured gene expression in the prefrontal cortex of cases previously diagnosed with obsessive psychiatric disorders, for example, ED (N=15) and OCD/obsessive-compulsive personality disorder or tics (OCD/OCPD/Tic; N=16), and nonpsychiatric controls (N=102) and identified 6 and 286 genes that were differentially expressed between ED compared with controls and OCD cases compared with controls, respectively (false discovery rate (FDR) <5%). However, none of the clinical risk SNPs were among the eQTLs and none were significantly associated with gene expression within the broad obsessive cohort, suggesting larger sample sizes or other brain regions may be required to identify candidate molecular mechanisms of clinical association in postmortem brain data sets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A E Jaffe
- Division of Clinical Sciences, Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - A Deep-Soboslay
- Division of Clinical Sciences, Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - R Tao
- Division of Clinical Sciences, Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - D T Hauptman
- Section on Neuropathology, Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, NIMH, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - W H Kaye
- University of California, San Diego Eating Disorder Treatment and Research Program, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - V Arango
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - D R Weinberger
- Division of Clinical Sciences, Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, MD, USA,Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, Neuroscience and the Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - T M Hyde
- Division of Clinical Sciences, Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, MD, USA,Section on Neuropathology, Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, NIMH, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA,Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, Neuroscience and the Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - J E Kleinman
- Division of Clinical Sciences, Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, MD, USA,Section on Neuropathology, Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, NIMH, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA,Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology, Neuroscience and the Institute of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA,Division of Clinical Sciences, Lieber Institute for Brain Development, 855 N. Wolfe Street, 3rd floor, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
BDNF genetic variability modulates psychopathological symptoms in patients with eating disorders. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2014; 23:669-79. [PMID: 24292283 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-013-0495-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Accepted: 11/09/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene may influence eating behavior, body weight and cognitive impairments. We aimed to investigate whether BDNF genetic variability may affect anthropometric and psychological parameters in patients with anorexia or bulimia nervosa (AN, BN) and/or modulate the risk for the disorder. A total of 169 unrelated female patients and 312 healthy controls were genotyped for two common BDNF single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), Val66Met and C-270T, and several selected tag-SNPs. Associated personality characteristics and psychopathological symptoms were assessed by the EDI-2 and SCL-90R inventories, respectively. No single SNP or haplotype played a relevant role in the risk for AN or BN. The rs16917237 TT genotype was significantly associated with increased weight (74.63 ± 16.58 vs. 57.93 ± 13.02) and body mass index (28.94 ± 6.22 vs. 22.23 ± 4.77) in the BN group after correcting for multiple testing. Haplotype analyses using a sliding window approach with three adjacent SNPs produced four loci of interest. Locus 3 (rs10835210/rs16917237/C-270T) showed a broad impact on the measured psychopathological symptoms. Haplotypes CGC and CGT in this locus correlated with scores in all three scales of the SCL-90R inventory, both in AN and BN patients. In contrast, the results of the EDI-2 inventory were largely unaffected. These preliminary results suggest that variability in the BDNF gene locus may contribute to anthropometric characteristics and also psychopathological symptoms that are common but not exclusive of ED patients.
Collapse
|
23
|
Easter M. Interpreting genetics in the context of eating disorders: evidence of disease, not diversity. SOCIOLOGY OF HEALTH & ILLNESS 2014; 36:840-855. [PMID: 24286479 PMCID: PMC4037400 DOI: 10.1111/1467-9566.12108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
How is genetic involvement interpreted for disorders whose medicalisation is contested? Framing psychiatric and behavioural disorders in terms of genetics is expected to make them seem more medical. Yet a genetic aetiology can also be used to frame behaviour as acceptable human variation, rather than a medical problem (for example, sexual orientation). I analyse responses to the idea that there is a genetic component in anorexia and bulimia nervosa (AN or BN) via semi-structured interviews with a sample of 50 women diagnosed with an eating disorder (25 had recovered). All but three volunteered that genetics would medicalise AN or BN by (i) making eating disorders seem more like 'real diseases'; implying that these disorders need (ii) professional treatment or (iii) a biologically based treatment. The results also indicate there are several counter-logics by which genetic framing could support non-medical definitions of AN or BN. I argue that genetic framing reduces perceived individual responsibility, which can support definitions of behaviour as either a reflection of disease (which entails intervention) or a reflection of normal human diversity (which does not). In the context of public scepticism as to the 'reality' of AN or BN, genetic involvement was taken as evidence of disease in ongoing negotiations about the medical and moral status of people with eating disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michele Easter
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, North Carolina, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Scott-Van Zeeland AA, Bloss CS, Tewhey R, Bansal V, Torkamani A, Libiger O, Duvvuri V, Wineinger N, Galvez L, Darst BF, Smith EN, Carson A, Pham P, Phillips T, Villarasa N, Tisch R, Zhang G, Levy S, Murray S, Chen W, Srinivasan S, Berenson G, Brandt H, Crawford S, Crow S, Fichter MM, Halmi KA, Johnson C, Kaplan AS, La Via M, Mitchell JE, Strober M, Rotondo A, Treasure J, Woodside DB, Bulik CM, Keel P, Klump KL, Lilenfeld L, Plotnicov K, Topol EJ, Shih PB, Magistretti P, Bergen AW, Berrettini W, Kaye W, Schork NJ. Evidence for the role of EPHX2 gene variants in anorexia nervosa. Mol Psychiatry 2014; 19:724-32. [PMID: 23999524 PMCID: PMC3852189 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2013.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Revised: 06/19/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Anorexia nervosa (AN) and related eating disorders are complex, multifactorial neuropsychiatric conditions with likely rare and common genetic and environmental determinants. To identify genetic variants associated with AN, we pursued a series of sequencing and genotyping studies focusing on the coding regions and upstream sequence of 152 candidate genes in a total of 1205 AN cases and 1948 controls. We identified individual variant associations in the Estrogen Receptor-ß (ESR2) gene, as well as a set of rare and common variants in the Epoxide Hydrolase 2 (EPHX2) gene, in an initial sequencing study of 261 early-onset severe AN cases and 73 controls (P=0.0004). The association of EPHX2 variants was further delineated in: (1) a pooling-based replication study involving an additional 500 AN patients and 500 controls (replication set P=0.00000016); (2) single-locus studies in a cohort of 386 previously genotyped broadly defined AN cases and 295 female population controls from the Bogalusa Heart Study (BHS) and a cohort of 58 individuals with self-reported eating disturbances and 851 controls (combined smallest single locus P<0.01). As EPHX2 is known to influence cholesterol metabolism, and AN is often associated with elevated cholesterol levels, we also investigated the association of EPHX2 variants and longitudinal body mass index (BMI) and cholesterol in BHS female and male subjects (N=229) and found evidence for a modifying effect of a subset of variants on the relationship between cholesterol and BMI (P<0.01). These findings suggest a novel association of gene variants within EPHX2 to susceptibility to AN and provide a foundation for future study of this important yet poorly understood condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A A Scott-Van Zeeland
- The Scripps Translational Science Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA,Scripps Health, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - C S Bloss
- The Scripps Translational Science Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA,Scripps Health, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - R Tewhey
- Scripps Health, La Jolla, CA, USA,Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - V Bansal
- The Scripps Translational Science Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA,Scripps Health, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - A Torkamani
- The Scripps Translational Science Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA,Scripps Health, La Jolla, CA, USA,Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - O Libiger
- The Scripps Translational Science Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA,Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - V Duvvuri
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - N Wineinger
- The Scripps Translational Science Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA,Scripps Health, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - L Galvez
- The Scripps Translational Science Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - B F Darst
- The Scripps Translational Science Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA,Scripps Health, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - E N Smith
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - A Carson
- The Scripps Translational Science Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA,Scripps Health, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - P Pham
- The Scripps Translational Science Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA,Scripps Health, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - T Phillips
- The Scripps Translational Science Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA,Scripps Health, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - N Villarasa
- The Scripps Translational Science Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA,Scripps Health, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - R Tisch
- The Scripps Translational Science Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA,Scripps Health, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - G Zhang
- The Scripps Translational Science Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA,Scripps Health, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - S Levy
- The Scripps Translational Science Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA,Scripps Health, La Jolla, CA, USA,Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - S Murray
- The Scripps Translational Science Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA,Scripps Health, La Jolla, CA, USA,Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - W Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - S Srinivasan
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - G Berenson
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - H Brandt
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - S Crawford
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - S Crow
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - M M Fichter
- Roseneck Hospital for Behavioral Medicine, Prien, Germany
| | - K A Halmi
- Eating Disorder Research Program Weill Cornell Medical College, White Plains, NY, USA
| | - C Johnson
- Eating Recovery Center, Denver, CO, USA
| | - A S Kaplan
- Center for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada,Department of Psychiatry, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - M La Via
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - J E Mitchell
- Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, Fargo, ND, USA,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - M Strober
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - A Rotondo
- Department of Psychiatry, Neurobiology, Pharmacology, and Biotechnology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - J Treasure
- Department of Academic Psychiatry, Bermondsey Wing Guys Hospital, University of London, London, UK
| | - D B Woodside
- Department of Psychiatry, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada,Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - C M Bulik
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA,Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - P Keel
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - K L Klump
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - L Lilenfeld
- Clinical Psychology Program, American School of Professional Psychology at Argosy University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - K Plotnicov
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - E J Topol
- The Scripps Translational Science Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA,Scripps Health, La Jolla, CA, USA,Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - P B Shih
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - P Magistretti
- Laboratory of Neuroenergetics and Cellular Dynamics, The University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - A W Bergen
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - W Berrettini
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - W Kaye
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - N J Schork
- The Scripps Translational Science Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA,Scripps Health, La Jolla, CA, USA,Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA,Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, 3344 N Torrey Pines Court, Room 306, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Ando T, Tamura N, Mera T, Morita C, Takei M, Nakamoto C, Koide M, Hotta M, Naruo T, Kawai K, Nakahara T, Yamaguchi C, Nagata T, Ookuma K, Okamoto Y, Yamanaka T, Kiriike N, Ichimaru Y, Ishikawa T, Komaki G. Association of the c.385C>A (p.Pro129Thr) polymorphism of the fatty acid amide hydrolase gene with anorexia nervosa in the Japanese population. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2014; 2:313-8. [PMID: 25077173 PMCID: PMC4113271 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2013] [Revised: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The functional c.385C>A single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) gene, one of the major degrading enzymes of endocannabinoids, is reportedly associated with anorexia nervosa (AN). We genotyped the c.385C>A SNP (rs324420) in 762 lifetime AN and 605 control participants in Japan. There were significant differences in the genotype and allele frequencies of c.385C>A between the AN and control groups. The minor 385A allele was less frequent in the AN participants than in the controls (allele-wise, odds ratio = 0.799, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.653–0.976, P = 0.028). When the cases were subdivided into lifetime restricting subtype AN and AN with a history of binge eating or purging, only the restricting AN group exhibited a significant association (allele-wise, odds ratio = 0.717, 95% CI 0.557–0.922, P = 0.0094). Our results suggest that having the minor 385A allele of the FAAH gene may be protective against AN, especially restricting AN. This finding supports the possible role of the endocannabinoid system in susceptibility to AN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Ando
- Department of Psychosomatic Research, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naho Tamura
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Kohnodai Hospital, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Ichikawa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takashi Mera
- Division of Psychosomatic Medicine, Department of Neurology, University of Occupational and Environmental Health Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan ; Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Yahata Kosei Hospital Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Chihiro Morita
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University Fukuoka, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | - Chiemi Nakamoto
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Saitama Social Insurance Hospital Saitama, Saitama, Japan
| | - Masanori Koide
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Kamibayashi Memorial Hospital Ichinomiya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Mari Hotta
- Health Services Center, National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Naruo
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Nogami Hospital Kagoshima, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Keisuke Kawai
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University Fukuoka, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Nakahara
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Family Hospital Satsuma Satsumasendai, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Chikara Yamaguchi
- Division of General Medicine, Aichi Medical University Hospital Nagakute, Aichi, Japan ; Setoguchi Psychosomatic Clinic Seto, Aichi, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Nagata
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine Osaka, Osaka, Japan ; Mental Health Clinic of Dr. Nagata at Nanba Osaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Ookuma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yufuin Koseinenkin Hospital Yufuin, Oita, Japan
| | - Yuri Okamoto
- Health Service Center, Hiroshima University Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takao Yamanaka
- Graduate School of Welfare Society, The International University of Kagoshima Kagoshima, Kagoshima, Japan ; Nishihara Hoyouin Kaya, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Nobuo Kiriike
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine Osaka, Osaka, Japan ; Hamadera Hospital Takaishi, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuhei Ichimaru
- Department of Nutrition, School of Home Economics and Science, Tokyo Kasei University Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshio Ishikawa
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Kohnodai Hospital, National Center for Global Health and Medicine Ichikawa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Gen Komaki
- Department of Psychosomatic Research, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan ; School of Health Sciences at Fukuoka, International University of Health and Welfare Ohkawa, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Lohoff FW, Hodge R, Narasimhan S, Nall A, Ferraro TN, Mickey BJ, Heitzeg MM, Langenecker SA, Zubieta JK, Bogdan R, Nikolova YS, Drabant E, Hariri AR, Bevilacqua L, Goldman D, Doyle GA. Functional genetic variants in the vesicular monoamine transporter 1 modulate emotion processing. Mol Psychiatry 2014; 19:129-39. [PMID: 23337945 PMCID: PMC4311877 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2012.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Revised: 11/12/2012] [Accepted: 11/16/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Emotional behavior is in part heritable and often disrupted in psychopathology. Identification of specific genetic variants that drive this heritability may provide important new insight into molecular and neurobiological mechanisms involved in emotionality. Our results demonstrate that the presynaptic vesicular monoamine transporter 1 (VMAT1) Thr136Ile (rs1390938) polymorphism is functional in vitro, with the Ile allele leading to increased monoamine transport into presynaptic vesicles. Moreover, we show that the Thr136Ile variant predicts differential responses in emotional brain circuits consistent with its effects in vitro. Lastly, deep sequencing of bipolar disorder (BPD) patients and controls identified several rare novel VMAT1 variants. The variant Phe84Ser was only present in individuals with BPD and leads to marked increase monoamine transport in vitro. Taken together, our data show that VMAT1 polymorphisms influence monoamine signaling, the functional response of emotional brain circuits and risk for psychopathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Falk W. Lohoff
- Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Rachel Hodge
- Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Sneha Narasimhan
- Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Aleksandra Nall
- Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Thomas N. Ferraro
- Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Brian J. Mickey
- Department of Psychiatry and Molecular & Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Mary M. Heitzeg
- Department of Psychiatry and Molecular & Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Scott A. Langenecker
- Department of Psychiatry and Molecular & Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Jon-Kar Zubieta
- Department of Psychiatry and Molecular & Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Ryan Bogdan
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Institute for Genome Sciences & Policy, Duke University, Durham, NC
- Department of Psychology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
| | - Yuliya S. Nikolova
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Institute for Genome Sciences & Policy, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | | | - Ahmad R. Hariri
- Department of Psychology & Neuroscience, Institute for Genome Sciences & Policy, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Laura Bevilacqua
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Rockville, MD
| | - David Goldman
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Rockville, MD
| | - Glenn A. Doyle
- Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Estour B, Galusca B, Germain N. Constitutional thinness and anorexia nervosa: a possible misdiagnosis? Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2014; 5:175. [PMID: 25368605 PMCID: PMC4202249 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2014.00175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical and biological aspects of restrictive anorexia nervosa (R-AN) are well documented. More than 10,000 articles since 1911 and more than 600 in 2013 have addressed R-AN psychiatric, somatic, and biological aspects. Genetic background, ineffectiveness of appetite regulating hormones on refeeding process, bone loss, and place of amenorrhea in the definition are widely discussed and reviewed. Oppositely, constitutional thinness (CT) is an almost unknown entity. Only 32 articles have been published on this topic since 1953. Similar symptoms associating low body mass index, low fat, and bone mass are reported in both CT and R-AN subjects. Conversely, menses are preserved in CT women and almost the entire hormonal profile is normal, except for leptin and PYY. The aim of the present review is to alert the clinician on the confusing clinical presentation of these two situations, a potential source of misdiagnosis, especially since R-AN definition has changed in DSM5.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Estour
- Service d’endocrinologie diabète et TCA, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Étienne, Saint Etienne, France
- *Correspondence: Bruno Estour, Service d’endocrinologie diabète et TCA, Hopital Nord Batiment A +1, CHU de Saint-Etienne, Saint Etienne Cedex 2 42055, France e-mail:
| | - Bogdan Galusca
- Service d’endocrinologie diabète et TCA, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Étienne, Saint Etienne, France
| | - Natacha Germain
- Service d’endocrinologie diabète et TCA, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Étienne, Saint Etienne, France
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Cui H, Moore J, Ashimi SS, Mason BL, Drawbridge JN, Han S, Hing B, Matthews A, McAdams CJ, Darbro BW, Pieper AA, Waller DA, Xing C, Lutter M. Eating disorder predisposition is associated with ESRRA and HDAC4 mutations. J Clin Invest 2013; 123:4706-13. [PMID: 24216484 PMCID: PMC3809805 DOI: 10.1172/jci71400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa are common and severe eating disorders (EDs) of unknown etiology. Although genetic factors have been implicated in the psychopathology of EDs, a clear biological pathway has not been delineated. DNA from two large families affected by EDs was collected, and mutations segregating with illness were identified by whole-genome sequencing following linkage mapping or by whole-exome sequencing. In the first family, analysis of twenty members across three generations identified a rare missense mutation in the estrogen-related receptor α (ESRRA) gene that segregated with illness. In the second family, analysis of eight members across four generations identified a missense mutation in the histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4) gene that segregated with illness. ESRRA and HDAC4 were determined to interact both in vitro in HeLa cells and in vivo in mouse cortex. Transcriptional analysis revealed that HDAC4 potently represses the expression of known ESRRA-induced target genes. Biochemical analysis of candidate mutations revealed that the identified ESRRA mutation decreased its transcriptional activity, while the HDAC4 mutation increased transcriptional repression of ESRRA. Our findings suggest that mutations that result in decreased ESRRA activity increase the risk of developing EDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huxing Cui
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.
Department of Pediatrics and
Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
Department of Clinical Science, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Jarrette Moore
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.
Department of Pediatrics and
Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
Department of Clinical Science, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Sunbola S. Ashimi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.
Department of Pediatrics and
Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
Department of Clinical Science, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Brittany L. Mason
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.
Department of Pediatrics and
Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
Department of Clinical Science, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Jordan N. Drawbridge
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.
Department of Pediatrics and
Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
Department of Clinical Science, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Shizhong Han
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.
Department of Pediatrics and
Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
Department of Clinical Science, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Benjamin Hing
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.
Department of Pediatrics and
Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
Department of Clinical Science, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Abigail Matthews
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.
Department of Pediatrics and
Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
Department of Clinical Science, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Carrie J. McAdams
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.
Department of Pediatrics and
Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
Department of Clinical Science, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Benjamin W. Darbro
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.
Department of Pediatrics and
Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
Department of Clinical Science, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Andrew A. Pieper
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.
Department of Pediatrics and
Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
Department of Clinical Science, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - David A. Waller
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.
Department of Pediatrics and
Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
Department of Clinical Science, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Chao Xing
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.
Department of Pediatrics and
Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
Department of Clinical Science, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Michael Lutter
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.
Department of Pediatrics and
Department of Neurology, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
Department of Clinical Science, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Boraska V, Davis OSP, Cherkas LF, Helder SG, Harris J, Krug I, Pei-Chi Liao T, Treasure J, Ntalla I, Karhunen L, Keski-Rahkonen A, Christakopoulou D, Raevuori A, Shin SY, Dedoussis GV, Kaprio J, Soranzo N, Spector TD, Collier DA, Zeggini E. Genome-wide association analysis of eating disorder-related symptoms, behaviors, and personality traits. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2012; 159B:803-11. [PMID: 22911880 PMCID: PMC3494378 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2012] [Accepted: 07/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Eating disorders (EDs) are common, complex psychiatric disorders thought to be caused by both genetic and environmental factors. They share many symptoms, behaviors, and personality traits, which may have overlapping heritability. The aim of the present study is to perform a genome-wide association scan (GWAS) of six ED phenotypes comprising three symptom traits from the Eating Disorders Inventory 2 [Drive for Thinness (DT), Body Dissatisfaction (BD), and Bulimia], Weight Fluctuation symptom, Breakfast Skipping behavior and Childhood Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder trait (CHIRP). Investigated traits were derived from standardized self-report questionnaires completed by the TwinsUK population-based cohort. We tested 283,744 directly typed SNPs across six phenotypes of interest in the TwinsUK discovery dataset and followed-up signals from various strata using a two-stage replication strategy in two independent cohorts of European ancestry. We meta-analyzed a total of 2,698 individuals for DT, 2,680 for BD, 2,789 (821 cases/1,968 controls) for Bulimia, 1,360 (633 cases/727 controls) for Childhood Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder trait, 2,773 (761 cases/2,012 controls) for Breakfast Skipping, and 2,967 (798 cases/2,169 controls) for Weight Fluctuation symptom. In this GWAS analysis of six ED-related phenotypes, we detected association of eight genetic variants with P < 10(-5) . Genetic variants that showed suggestive evidence of association were previously associated with several psychiatric disorders and ED-related phenotypes. Our study indicates that larger-scale collaborative studies will be needed to achieve the necessary power to detect loci underlying ED-related traits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vesna Boraska
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Oliver SP Davis
- MRC Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College LondonLondon, UK
| | - Lynn F Cherkas
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital CampusWestminster Bridge Road, London, UK
| | - Sietske G Helder
- MRC Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College LondonLondon, UK
| | - Juliette Harris
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital CampusWestminster Bridge Road, London, UK
| | - Isabel Krug
- MRC Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College LondonLondon, UK,School of Psychological Sciences, University of MelbourneMelbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Thomas Pei-Chi Liao
- MRC Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College LondonLondon, UK
| | - Janet Treasure
- Department Academic Psychiatry, King's College LondonLondon, UK
| | - Ioanna Ntalla
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Harokopio University of AthensAthens, Greece
| | - Leila Karhunen
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern FinlandKuopio, Finland
| | - Anna Keski-Rahkonen
- Department of Public Health, The Hjelt Institute, University of HelsinkiHelsinki, Finland
| | | | - Anu Raevuori
- Department of Public Health, The Hjelt Institute, University of HelsinkiHelsinki, Finland
| | - So-Youn Shin
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome CampusHinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - George V Dedoussis
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, Harokopio University of AthensAthens, Greece
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Department of Public Health, The Hjelt Institute, University of HelsinkiHelsinki, Finland,Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of HelsinkiHelsinki, Finland,Unit for Child and Adolescent Mental Health, National Institute for Health and WelfareHelsinki, Finland
| | - Nicole Soranzo
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome CampusHinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tim D Spector
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital CampusWestminster Bridge Road, London, UK
| | - David A Collier
- MRC Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College LondonLondon, UK
| | - Eleftheria Zeggini
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome CampusHinxton, Cambridge, UK
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Easter MM. "Not all my fault": genetics, stigma, and personal responsibility for women with eating disorders. Soc Sci Med 2012; 75:1408-16. [PMID: 22819736 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2012.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2012] [Revised: 05/29/2012] [Accepted: 05/31/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Medical researchers and clinicians increasingly understand and present eating disorders (anorexia and bulimia nervosa) as biologically-based psychiatric disorders, with genetic risk factors established by high heritability estimates in twin studies. But there has been no research on interpretation of genetic involvement by people with eating disorders, who may hold other views. Their interpretations are particularly important given the frequent presumption that biogenetic framing will reduce stigma, and recent findings that it exacerbates stigma for other mental illnesses. To identify implications of genetic framing in eating disorders, I conducted semi-structured interviews with 50 US women with a history of eating disorders (half recovered, half in treatment; interviewed 2008-9 in the USA). Interviews introduced the topic of genetics, but not stigma per se. Analysis followed the general principles of grounded theory to identify perceived implications of genetic involvement; those relevant to stigma are reported here. Most anticipated that genetic reframing would help reduce stigma from personal responsibility (i.e., blame and guilt for eating disorder as ongoing choice). A third articulated ways it could add stigma, including novel forms of stigma related to genetic-essentialist effacing of social factors. Despite welcoming reductions in blame and guilt, half also worried genetic framing could hamper recovery, by encouraging fatalistic self-fulfilling prophecies and genetic excuses. This study is the first to elicit perceptions of genetic involvement by those with eating disorders, and contributes to an emerging literature on perceptions of psychiatric genetics by people with mental illness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michele M Easter
- Genome Ethics, Law & Policy, Institute for Genome Sciences & Policy, Duke University, Box 90141, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Munn-Chernoff MA, McQueen MB, Stetler GL, Haberstick BC, Rhee SH, Sobik LE, Corley RP, Smolen A, Hewitt JK, Stallings MC. Examining associations between disordered eating and serotonin transporter gene polymorphisms. Int J Eat Disord 2012; 45:556-61. [PMID: 22271047 PMCID: PMC3323686 DOI: 10.1002/eat.22001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/02/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The serotonin system has been implicated in mood and appetite regulation, and the serotonin transporter gene (SLC6A4) is a commonly studied candidate gene for eating pathology. However, most studies have focused on a single polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) in SLC6A4; little research has utilized multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) to investigate associations between SLC6A4 and eating pathology more comprehensively. METHOD Family-based association tests were conducted for seven polymorphisms in or near SLC6A4, using families from the Colorado Center for Antisocial Drug Dependence. Data were available for 135 families, with phenotypic data available for female twins and female nontwin siblings. Seven items assessed two disordered eating characteristics: weight and shape concerns and behaviors (WSCB) and binge eating (BE). RESULTS No significant associations were found between any genetic variant and the two disordered eating characteristics. DISCUSSION This study suggests that utilizing polymorphisms in and near SLC6A4, including 5-HTTLPR, may not be useful in identifying genetic risk factors for disordered eating.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A. Munn-Chernoff
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO,Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO,To whom correspondence should be addressed: Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, 447 UCB, Boulder, CO 80503; Phone: 303-492-2817; Fax: 303-492-8063;
| | - Matthew B. McQueen
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO,Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO
| | - Gary L. Stetler
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO
| | | | - Soo Hyun Rhee
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO,Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO
| | | | - Robin P. Corley
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO
| | - Andrew Smolen
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO
| | - John K. Hewitt
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO,Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO
| | - Michael C. Stallings
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO,Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Edwards AC, Aliev F, Bierut LJ, Bucholz KK, Edenberg H, Hesselbrock V, Kramer J, Kuperman S, Nurnberger JI, Schuckit MA, Porjesz B, Dick DM. Genome-wide association study of comorbid depressive syndrome and alcohol dependence. Psychiatr Genet 2012; 22:31-41. [PMID: 22064162 PMCID: PMC3241912 DOI: 10.1097/ypg.0b013e32834acd07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Depression and alcohol dependence (AD) are common psychiatric disorders that often co-occur. Both disorders are genetically influenced, with heritability estimates in the range of 35-60%. In addition, evidence from twin studies suggests that AD and depression are genetically correlated. Herein, we report results from a genome-wide association study of a comorbid phenotype, in which cases meet the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV symptom threshold for major depressive symptomatology and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV criteria for AD. METHODS Samples (N=467 cases and N=407 controls) were of European-American descent and were genotyped using the Illumina Human 1M BeadChip array. RESULTS Although no single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) meets genome-wide significance criteria, we identified 10 markers with P values less than 1 × 10(-5), seven of which are located in known genes, which have not been previously implicated in either disorder. Genes harboring SNPs yielding P values less than 1 × 10(-5) are functionally enriched for a number of gene ontology categories, notably several related to glutamatergic function. Investigation of expression localization using online resources suggests that these genes are expressed across a variety of tissues, including behaviorally relevant brain regions. Genes that have been previously associated with depression, AD, or other addiction-related phenotypes - such as CDH13, CSMD2, GRID1, and HTR1B - were implicated by nominally significant SNPs. Finally, the degree of overlap of significant SNPs between a comorbid phenotype and an AD-only phenotype is modest. CONCLUSION These results underscore the complex genomic influences on psychiatric phenotypes and suggest that a comorbid phenotype is partially influenced by genetic variants that do not affect AD alone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexis C Edwards
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298-0126, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Greenwood TA, Light GA, Swerdlow NR, Radant AD, Braff DL. Association analysis of 94 candidate genes and schizophrenia-related endophenotypes. PLoS One 2012; 7:e29630. [PMID: 22253750 PMCID: PMC3258248 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2011] [Accepted: 12/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
While it is clear that schizophrenia is highly heritable, the genetic basis of this heritability is complex. Human genetic, brain imaging, and model organism studies have met with only modest gains. A complementary research tactic is to evaluate the genetic substrates of quantitative endophenotypes with demonstrated deficits in schizophrenia patients. We used an Illumina custom 1,536-SNP array to interrogate 94 functionally relevant candidate genes for schizophrenia and evaluate association with both the qualitative diagnosis of schizophrenia and quantitative endophenotypes for schizophrenia. Subjects included 219 schizophrenia patients and normal comparison subjects of European ancestry and 76 schizophrenia patients and normal comparison subjects of African ancestry, all ascertained by the UCSD Schizophrenia Research Program. Six neurophysiological and neurocognitive endophenotype test paradigms were assessed: prepulse inhibition (PPI), P50 suppression, the antisaccade oculomotor task, the Letter-Number Span Test, the California Verbal Learning Test-II, and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test-64 Card Version. These endophenotype test paradigms yielded six primary endophenotypes with prior evidence of heritability and demonstrated schizophrenia-related impairments, as well as eight secondary measures investigated as candidate endophenotypes. Schizophrenia patients showed significant deficits on ten of the endophenotypic measures, replicating prior studies and facilitating genetic analyses of these phenotypes. A total of 38 genes were found to be associated with at least one endophenotypic measure or schizophrenia with an empirical p-value<0.01. Many of these genes have been shown to interact on a molecular level, and eleven genes displayed evidence for pleiotropy, revealing associations with three or more endophenotypic measures. Among these genes were ERBB4 and NRG1, providing further support for a role of these genes in schizophrenia susceptibility. The observation of extensive pleiotropy for some genes and singular associations for others in our data may suggest both converging and independent genetic (and neural) pathways mediating schizophrenia risk and pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany A. Greenwood
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Gregory A. Light
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- VISN 22 Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Centers (MIRECC), Department of Veterans Affairs, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Neal R. Swerdlow
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Allen D. Radant
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Puget Sound Veterans Administration Health Care System, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - David L. Braff
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- VISN 22 Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Centers (MIRECC), Department of Veterans Affairs, San Diego, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Bloss CS, Berrettini W, Bergen AW, Magistretti P, Duvvuri V, Strober M, Brandt H, Crawford S, Crow S, Fichter MM, Halmi KA, Johnson C, Kaplan AS, Keel P, Klump KL, Mitchell J, Treasure J, Woodside DB, Marzola E, Schork NJ, Kaye WH. Genetic association of recovery from eating disorders: the role of GABA receptor SNPs. Neuropsychopharmacology 2011; 36:2222-32. [PMID: 21750581 PMCID: PMC3176559 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2011.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Follow-up studies of eating disorders (EDs) suggest outcomes ranging from recovery to chronic illness or death, but predictors of outcome have not been consistently identified. We tested 5151 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in approximately 350 candidate genes for association with recovery from ED in 1878 women. Initial analyses focused on a strictly defined discovery cohort of women who were over age 25 years, carried a lifetime diagnosis of an ED, and for whom data were available regarding the presence (n=361 ongoing symptoms in the past year, ie, 'ill') or absence (n=115 no symptoms in the past year, ie, 'recovered') of ED symptoms. An intronic SNP (rs17536211) in GABRG1 showed the strongest statistical evidence of association (p=4.63 × 10(-6), false discovery rate (FDR)=0.021, odds ratio (OR)=0.46). We replicated these findings in a more liberally defined cohort of women age 25 years or younger (n=464 ill, n=107 recovered; p=0.0336, OR=0.68; combined sample p=4.57 × 10(-6), FDR=0.0049, OR=0.55). Enrichment analyses revealed that GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid) SNPs were over-represented among SNPs associated at p<0.05 in both the discovery (Z=3.64, p=0.0003) and combined cohorts (Z=2.07, p=0.0388). In follow-up phenomic association analyses with a third independent cohort (n=154 ED cases, n=677 controls), rs17536211 was associated with trait anxiety (p=0.049), suggesting a possible mechanism through which this variant may influence ED outcome. These findings could provide new insights into the development of more effective interventions for the most treatment-resistant patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cinnamon S Bloss
- Scripps Genomic Medicine, Scripps Translational Science Institute, and Scripps Health, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Wade Berrettini
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Andrew W Bergen
- Center for Health Sciences, SRI International, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Pierre Magistretti
- Brain Mind Institute, EPFL and Department of Psychiatry, University of Lausanne Medical School, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Vikas Duvvuri
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Michael Strober
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Harry Brandt
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Steve Crawford
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Scott Crow
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Manfred M Fichter
- Roseneck Hospital for Behavioral Medicine, Prien, Germany and Department of Psychiatry, University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Katherine A Halmi
- New York Presbyterian Hospital-Westchester Division, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, White Plains, NY, USA
| | - Craig Johnson
- Laureate Psychiatric Clinic and Hospital, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Allan S Kaplan
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada,Department of Psychiatry, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Pamela Keel
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahasseei, FL, USA
| | - Kelly L Klump
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - James Mitchell
- Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, Fargo, ND, USA,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | - Janet Treasure
- Eating Disorders Section, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College, University of London, London, UK
| | - D Blake Woodside
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada,Department of Psychiatry, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Enrica Marzola
- Scripps Genomic Medicine, Scripps Translational Science Institute, and Scripps Health, La Jolla, CA, USA,Day Hospital of the Eating Disorders Program at the San Giovanni Battista Hospital of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Nicholas J Schork
- Scripps Genomic Medicine, Scripps Translational Science Institute, and Scripps Health, La Jolla, CA, USA,Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA,Scripps Genomic Medicine, Scripps Translational Science Institute, 3344 North Torrey Pines Court, Suite 300, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. Tel: +1 858 554 5705, E-mail:
| | - Walter H Kaye
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA,Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, 8950 Villa La Jolla Drive, Suite C207, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. Tel: +1 858 205 7293; Fax: +1 858 534 6727, E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Root TL, Szatkiewicz JP, Jonassaint CR, Thornton LM, Pinheiro AP, Strober M, Bloss C, Berrettini W, Schork NJ, Kaye WH, Bergen AW, Magistretti P, Brandt H, Crawford S, Crow S, Fichter MM, Goldman D, Halmi KA, Johnson C, Kaplan AS, Keel PK, Klump KL, La Via M, Mitchell JE, Rotondo A, Treasure J, Woodside DB, Bulik CM. Association of candidate genes with phenotypic traits relevant to anorexia nervosa. EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW 2011; 19:487-93. [PMID: 21780254 DOI: 10.1002/erv.1138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2011] [Revised: 05/06/2011] [Accepted: 05/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This analysis is a follow-up to an earlier investigation of 182 genes selected as likely candidate genetic variations conferring susceptibility to anorexia nervosa (AN). As those initial case-control results revealed no statistically significant differences in single nucleotide polymorphisms, herein, we investigate alternative phenotypes associated with AN. In 1762 females, using regression analyses, we examined the following: (i) lowest illness-related attained body mass index; (ii) age at menarche; (iii) drive for thinness; (iv) body dissatisfaction; (v) trait anxiety; (vi) concern over mistakes; and (vii) the anticipatory worry and pessimism versus uninhibited optimism subscale of the harm avoidance scale. After controlling for multiple comparisons, no statistically significant results emerged. Although results must be viewed in the context of limitations of statistical power, the approach illustrates a means of potentially identifying genetic variants conferring susceptibility to AN because less complex phenotypes associated with AN are more proximal to the genotype and may be influenced by fewer genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tammy L Root
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Jonassaint CR, Szatkiewicz JP, Bulik CM, Thornton LM, Bloss C, Berrettini W, Kaye WH, Bergen AW, Magistretti P, Strober M, Keel PK, Brandt H, Crawford S, Crow S, Fichter MM, Goldman D, Halmi KA, Johnson C, Kaplan AS, Klump KL, La Via M, Mitchell J, Rotondo A, Treasure J, Woodside DB. Absence of association between specific common variants of the obesity-related FTO gene and psychological and behavioral eating disorder phenotypes. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2011; 156B:454-61. [PMID: 21438147 PMCID: PMC3249222 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.31182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2010] [Accepted: 02/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Extensive population-based genome-wide association studies have identified an association between the FTO gene and BMI; however, the mechanism of action is still unknown. To determine whether FTO may influence weight regulation through psychological and behavioral factors, seven single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the FTO gene were genotyped in 1,085 individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN) and 677 healthy weight controls from the international Price Foundation Genetic Studies of Eating Disorders. Each SNP was tested in association with eating disorder phenotypes and measures that have previously been associated with eating behavior pathology: trait anxiety, harm-avoidance, novelty seeking, impulsivity, obsessionality, compulsivity, and concern over mistakes. After appropriate correction for multiple comparisons, no significant associations between individual FTO gene SNPs and eating disorder phenotypes or related eating behavior pathology were identified in cases or controls. Thus, this study found no evidence that FTO gene variants associated with weight regulation in the general population are associated with eating disorder phenotypes in AN participants or matched controls.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jin Peng Szatkiewicz
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC,Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Cynthia M. Bulik
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC,Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Laura M. Thornton
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Cinnamon Bloss
- Scripps Genomic Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Wade Berrettini
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Walter H. Kaye
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | | | - Pierre Magistretti
- Brain Mind Institute EPFL – Lausanne and Center for Psychiatric Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry, University of Lausanne Medical School, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michael Strober
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Pamela K. Keel
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida
| | - Harry Brandt
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Steve Crawford
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Scott Crow
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Manfred M. Fichter
- Roseneck Hospital for Behavioral Medicine, Prien, Germany and Department of Psychiatry, University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - David Goldman
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Katherine A. Halmi
- New York Presbyterian Hospital-Westchester Division, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, White Plains, NY
| | | | - Allan S. Kaplan
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada,Department of Psychiatry, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Kelly L. Klump
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI
| | - Maria La Via
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - James Mitchell
- Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, Fargo, North Dakota,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Fargo, North Dakota
| | - Alessandro Rotondo
- Neuropsychiatric Research Biotechnologies, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Janet Treasure
- Eating Disorders Section, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College, University of London, England
| | - D. Blake Woodside
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada,Department of Psychiatry, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| |
Collapse
|