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Lee DH, Yoon SB, Kim JS, Mo JW, Jo YJ, Kwon J, Lee SI, Kwon J, Park CW. Application of ultrasonographic human estimated foetal weight formulas to cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) at 129-132 days of gestation: A comparative study of estimated and actual birthweight. Vet Med Sci 2024; 10:e1521. [PMID: 38952271 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) are essential in biomedical research, including reproductive studies. However, the application of human estimated foetal weight (EFW) formulas using ultrasonography (USG) in these non-human primates is not well established. OBJECTIVES This study aims to evaluate the applicability of human EFW formulas for estimating foetal weight in cynomolgus monkeys at approximately 130 days of gestation. METHODS Our study involved nine pregnant cynomolgus monkeys. We measured foetal parameters, including biparietal diameter, head circumference, abdominal circumference and femur length using USG. The EFW was calculated using 11 human EFW formulas. The actual birthweight (ABW) was recorded following Cesarean section, the day after the EFW calculation. For comparing EFW and ABW, we employed statistical methods such as mean absolute percentage error (APE) and Bland-Altman analysis. RESULTS The ABW ranged between 200.36 and 291.33 g. Among the 11 formulas, the Combs formula showed the lowest APE (4.3%) and highest correlation with ABW (p < 0.001). Notably, EFW and ABW differences for the Combs formula were ≤5% in 66.7% and ≤10% in 100% of cases. The Bland-Altman analysis supported these results, showing that all cases fell within the limits of agreement. CONCLUSIONS The Combs formula is applicable for estimating the weight of cynomolgus monkey fetuses with USG at approximately 130 days of gestation. Our observations suggest that the Combs formula can be applied in the prenatal care and biomedical research of this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Ho Lee
- Primate Resources Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, Jeonbuk National University College of Veterinary Medicine, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Bin Yoon
- Primate Resources Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Su Kim
- Primate Resources Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Won Mo
- Primate Resources Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Jin Jo
- Primate Resources Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongwoo Kwon
- Primate Resources Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Il Lee
- Primate Resources Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungkee Kwon
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, Jeonbuk National University College of Veterinary Medicine, Iksan, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan-Wook Park
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Institute of Reproductive Medicine and Population, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Rooney T, Moresco A, Wolfman D, Dibble K, Thompson KA. Serial ultrasonographic measurements of fetal parameters over three successive pregnancies in a captive Eastern black-and-white colobus monkey (Colobus guereza). Zoo Biol 2023; 42:818-824. [PMID: 37522428 DOI: 10.1002/zoo.21795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
This study provides ultrasonographic fetal growth charts for the Eastern black-and-white colobus monkey (Colobus guereza). Throughout three consecutive gestations (-162 to -2 days to parturition) in a single dam, we opportunistically obtained ultrasonographic measurements for the following parameters: biparietal diameter, head circumference, humerus length, femur length, tibia length, radius length, thoracic width, kidney length, and crown-rump length. Biparietal diameter was the most consistently measured parameter. First detection of fetuses occurred between 96 and 162 days before parturition. This report demonstrates that voluntary transabdominal ultrasound can be well-tolerated in the colobus monkey using operant conditioning. These findings may be useful to assess fetal development and predict parturition dates in the absence of a known conception date in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tess Rooney
- Binder Park Zoo, Animal Health Department, Battle Creek, Michigan, USA
| | - Anneke Moresco
- Reproductive Health Surveillance Program, Morrison, Colorado, USA
- International Primate Health and Welfare Group, Madrid, Spain
| | - Darcy Wolfman
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Kelsey Dibble
- Binder Park Zoo, Animal Care Department, Battle Creek, Michigan, USA
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Adams Waldorf KM, Nelson BR, Stencel-Baerenwald JE, Studholme C, Kapur RP, Armistead B, Walker CL, Merillat S, Vornhagen J, Tisoncik-Go J, Baldessari A, Coleman M, Dighe MK, Shaw DW, Roby JA, Santana-Ufret V, Boldenow E, Li J, Gao X, Davis MA, Swanstrom JA, Jensen K, Widman DG, Baric RS, Medwid JT, Hanley KA, Ogle J, Gough GM, Lee W, English C, Durning WM, Thiel J, Gatenby C, Dewey EC, Fairgrieve MR, Hodge RD, Grant RF, Kuller L, Dobyns WB, Hevner RF, Gale M, Rajagopal L. Congenital Zika virus infection as a silent pathology with loss of neurogenic output in the fetal brain. Nat Med 2018; 24:368-374. [PMID: 29400709 PMCID: PMC5839998 DOI: 10.1038/nm.4485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a flavivirus with teratogenic effects on fetal brain, but the spectrum of ZIKV-induced brain injury is unknown, particularly when ultrasound imaging is normal. In a pregnant pigtail macaque (Macaca nemestrina) model of ZIKV infection, we demonstrate that ZIKV-induced injury to fetal brain is substantial, even in the absence of microcephaly, and may be challenging to detect in a clinical setting. A common and subtle injury pattern was identified, including (i) periventricular T2-hyperintense foci and loss of fetal noncortical brain volume, (ii) injury to the ependymal epithelium with underlying gliosis and (iii) loss of late fetal neuronal progenitor cells in the subventricular zone (temporal cortex) and subgranular zone (dentate gyrus, hippocampus) with dysmorphic granule neuron patterning. Attenuation of fetal neurogenic output demonstrates potentially considerable teratogenic effects of congenital ZIKV infection even without microcephaly. Our findings suggest that all children exposed to ZIKV in utero should receive long-term monitoring for neurocognitive deficits, regardless of head size at birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina M. Adams Waldorf
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Sweden
| | - Branden R. Nelson
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Jennifer E. Stencel-Baerenwald
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Colin Studholme
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Raj P. Kapur
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Seattle Children’s Hospital, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Blair Armistead
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Christie L. Walker
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Sean Merillat
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Jay Vornhagen
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Tisoncik-Go
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Audrey Baldessari
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Michelle Coleman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Manjiri K. Dighe
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Dennis W.W. Shaw
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Radiology, Seattle Children’s Hospital, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Justin A. Roby
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Veronica Santana-Ufret
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Erica Boldenow
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Junwei Li
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Xiaohu Gao
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Michael A. Davis
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Jesica A. Swanstrom
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Kara Jensen
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Douglas G. Widman
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Ralph S. Baric
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Joseph T. Medwid
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Kathryn A. Hanley
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Jason Ogle
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - G. Michael Gough
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Wonsok Lee
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Chris English
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - W. McIntyre Durning
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Jeff Thiel
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Chris Gatenby
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Elyse C. Dewey
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Marian R. Fairgrieve
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | | | - Richard F. Grant
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - LaRene Kuller
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - William B. Dobyns
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Robert F. Hevner
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Michael Gale
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Lakshmi Rajagopal
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
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4
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Luz MS, Vidal FD, Burity CHF, Bobány DDM, Pissinatti A. Ultrasonographic aspects of the Leontopithecus gestation (Lesson, 1840-Callitrichidae, Primates). J Med Primatol 2017; 47:55-59. [PMID: 28972670 DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a concern about conservation of endangered species today. Among this species, the Leontopithecus (Lesson, 1840) is outstanding. Its population has been whirling reduced. So far the reproductive physiology of Leontopithecus has few studies, it is fundamental requisite to preserve this species. Obstetric sonography has become an essential method in reproductive management of primates. METHOD This method is very helpful to detect early pregnancy and evaluate some deficiency of fetal growth. In this study, 14 pregnancies were monitored using real-time abdominal sonography. During each evaluation, the number of fetus was recorded, gestational sac and heart beats were observed, and biparietal diameter was measured. RESULTS The results showed that abdominal sonography is a reliable method for observation of gross morphological changes during pre-natal development and to estimate gestational age. No statistically differences were observed between twins and singletons. This study is the first investigation of pre-natal growth in Leontopithecus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Alcides Pissinatti
- Rio de Janeiro State Primatology Center (CPRJ/INEA), Rio de Janeiro Brasil/University Center Serra dos Órgãos - UNIFESO, Teresópolis, RJ, Brazil
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5
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Adams Waldorf KM, Stencel-Baerenwald JE, Kapur RP, Studholme C, Boldenow E, Vornhagen J, Baldessari A, Dighe MK, Thiel J, Merillat S, Armistead B, Tisoncik-Go J, Davis MA, Dewey EC, Fairgrieve MR, Gatenby C, Richards T, Garden GA, Fernandez E, Diamond MS, Juul SE, Grant RF, Kuller L, Shaw DW, Ogle J, Gough GM, Lee W, English C, Hevner RF, Dobyns WB, Gale M, Rajagopal L. Fetal brain lesions after subcutaneous inoculation of Zika virus in a pregnant nonhuman primate. Nat Med 2016; 22:1256-1259. [PMID: 27618651 PMCID: PMC5365281 DOI: 10.1038/nm.4193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We describe the development of fetal brain lesions after Zika virus (ZIKV) inoculation in a pregnant pigtail macaque. Periventricular lesions developed within 10 d and evolved asymmetrically in the occipital-parietal lobes. Fetal autopsy revealed ZIKV in the brain and significant cerebral white matter hypoplasia, periventricular white matter gliosis, and axonal and ependymal injury. Our observation of ZIKV-associated fetal brain lesions in a nonhuman primate provides a model for therapeutic evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina M. Adams Waldorf
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Jennifer E. Stencel-Baerenwald
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Raj P. Kapur
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Seattle Children’s Hospital, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Colin Studholme
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Erica Boldenow
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Jay Vornhagen
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Audrey Baldessari
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Manjiri K. Dighe
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Jeff Thiel
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Sean Merillat
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Blair Armistead
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Jennifer Tisoncik-Go
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Michael A. Davis
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Elyse C. Dewey
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Marian R. Fairgrieve
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Chris Gatenby
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Todd Richards
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Gwenn A. Garden
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Estefania Fernandez
- Departments of Medicine, Molecular Microbiology, Pathology & Immunology, Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Michael S. Diamond
- Departments of Medicine, Molecular Microbiology, Pathology & Immunology, Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Sandra E. Juul
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Richard F. Grant
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - LaRene Kuller
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Dennis W.W. Shaw
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Radiology, Seattle Children’s Hospital, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Jason Ogle
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - G. Michael Gough
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Wonsok Lee
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Chris English
- Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Robert F. Hevner
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - William B. Dobyns
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Michael Gale
- Department of Immunology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Center for Innate Immunity and Immune Disease, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Lakshmi Rajagopal
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Center for Global Infectious Disease Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
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6
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Ultrasonographic measurement of fetal growth parameters over three successive pregnancies in a captive Malayan tapir (Tapirus indicus). Zoo Biol 2014; 33:295-304. [DOI: 10.1002/zoo.21136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2012] [Revised: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Burbacher TM, Grant KS, Worlein J, Ha J, Curnow E, Juul S, Sackett GP. Four decades of leading-edge research in the reproductive and developmental sciences: the Infant Primate Research Laboratory at the University of Washington National Primate Research Center. Am J Primatol 2013; 75:1063-83. [PMID: 23873400 PMCID: PMC5452618 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Revised: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The Infant Primate Research Laboratory (IPRL) was established in 1970 at the University of Washington as a visionary project of Dr. Gene (Jim) P. Sackett. Supported by a collaboration between the Washington National Primate Research Center and the Center on Human Development and Disability, the IPRL operates under the principle that learning more about the causes of abnormal development in macaque monkeys will provide important insights into the origins and treatment of childhood neurodevelopmental disabilities. Over the past 40 years, a broad range of research projects have been conducted at the IPRL. Some have described the expression of normative behaviors in nursery-reared macaques while others have focused on important biomedical themes in child health and development. This article details the unique scientific history of the IPRL and the contributions produced by research conducted in the laboratory. Past and present investigations have explored the topics of early rearing effects, low-birth-weight, prematurity, birth injury, epilepsy, prenatal neurotoxicant exposure, viral infection (pediatric HIV), diarrheal disease, vaccine safety, and assisted reproductive technologies. Data from these studies have helped advance our understanding of both risk and resiliency in primate development. New directions of research at the IPRL include the production of transgenic primate models using our embryonic stem cell-based technology to better understand and treat heritable forms of human intellectual disabilities such as fragile X.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M. Burbacher
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195 USA
- Center on Human Development and Disability, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195 USA
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
| | - Kimberly S. Grant
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195 USA
- Center on Human Development and Disability, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195 USA
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
| | - Julie Worlein
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
| | - James Ha
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
- Department of Psychology, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195 USA
| | - Eliza Curnow
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
| | - Sandra Juul
- Center on Human Development and Disability, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195 USA
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195 USA
| | - Gene P. Sackett
- Center on Human Development and Disability, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195 USA
- Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
- Department of Psychology, School of Arts and Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195 USA
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Kubisch HM, Gagliardi C, Williams VM, Ribka EP, Ratterree MS. In vitro fertilization in the pigtailed macaque (Macaca nemestrina). Theriogenology 2006; 66:749-54. [PMID: 16522329 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2005.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2005] [Accepted: 12/27/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the possibility of collecting oocytes and semen from pigtailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina) and to establish a protocol for the production of viable embryos that would be suitable for transfer into surrogate females. A total of 82 oocytes were collected from a total of four females (on 2 d with two females each). Semen was collected from the same male on both occasions with respective ejaculate volumes of 0.55 and 0.1 mL containing 2 x 10(9) and 6.6 x 10(8)sperm/mL. Following insemination and after 48 h in culture, 42 (51.2%) of the oocytes had cleaved. Of these, 21 were selected based on developmental stage and their morphology and cryopreserved. The remainder was kept in culture for an additional 5 d, at which time three had reached the expanded blastocyst stage. A total of five transfers were performed with frozen-thawed embryos; two of these resulted in pregnancies and the birth of infants. The results of this study demonstrated that oocytes can be retrieved from pigtailed macaques and that such oocytes can be inseminated and cultured in vitro to the blastocyst stage and give rise to viable offspring after transfer into surrogate females.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Kubisch
- Unit of Reproductive Biology, Division of Veterinary Medicine, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA 70433, USA.
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9
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Shields LE, Gaur L, Delio P, Gough M, Potter J, Sieverkropp A, Andrews RG. The use of CD 34(+) mobilized peripheral blood as a donor cell source does not improve chimerism after in utero hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in non-human primates. J Med Primatol 2005; 34:201-8. [PMID: 16053498 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0684.2005.00110.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In utero hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is a therapeutic procedure that could potentially cure many developmental diseases affecting the immune and hematopoietic systems. In most clinical and experimental settings of fetal hematopoietic transplantation the level of donor cell engraftment has been low, suggesting that even in the fetus there are significant barriers to donor cell engraftment. In postnatal hematopoietic transplantation donor cells obtained from mobilized peripheral blood engraft more rapidly than cells derived from marrow. We tested the hypothesis that use of donor hematopoietic/stem cells obtained from mobilized peripheral blood would improve engraftment and the level of chimerism after in utero transplantation in non-human primates. Despite the potential competitive advantage from the use of CD 34(+) from mobilized peripheral blood, the level of chimerism was not appreciably different from a group of animals receiving marrow-derived CD 34(+) donor cells. Based on these results, it is unlikely that this single change in cell source will influence the clinical outcome of fetal hematopoietic transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence E Shields
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Perinatal Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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Shields LE, Gaur L, Delio P, Potter J, Sieverkropp A, Andrews RG. Fetal Immune Suppression as Adjunctive Therapy for In Utero Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Nonhuman Primates. Stem Cells 2004; 22:759-69. [PMID: 15342940 DOI: 10.1634/stemcells.22-5-759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In utero hematopoietic stem cell transplantation could potentially be used to treat many genetic diseases but rarely has been successful except in severe immunodeficiency syndromes. We explored two ways to potentially increase chimerism in a nonhuman primate model: (a) fetal immune suppression at the time of transplantation and (b) postnatal donor stem cell infusion. Fetal Macaca nemestrina treated with a combination of the corticosteroid betamethasone (0.9 mg/kg) and rabbit thymoglobulin (ATG; 50 mg/kg) were given haploidentical, marrow-derived, CD34+ -enriched donor cells. Animals treated postnatally received either donor-derived T cell-depleted or CD34+ -enriched marrow cells. Chimerism was determined by traditional and real-time polymerase chain reaction from marrow, marrow progenitors, peripheral blood, and mature peripheral blood progeny. After birth, the level of chimerism in the progenitor population was higher in the immune-suppressed animals relative to controls (11.3% +/- 2.7% and 5.1% +/- 1.5%, respectively; p = .057). Chimerism remained significantly elevated in both marrow (p = .02) and fluorescence-activated cell sorted and purified CD34+ cells (p = .01) relative to control animals at > or = 14 months of age. Peripheral blood chimerism, both at birth and long term, was similar in immune-suppressed and control animals. In the animals receiving postnatal donor cell infusions, there was an initial increase in progenitor chimerism; however, at 6-month follow-up, the level of chimerism was unchanged from the preinfusion values. Although fetal immune suppression was associated with an increase in the level of progenitor and marrow chimerism, the total contribution to marrow and the levels of mature donor progeny in the peripheral blood remained low. The level of long-term chimerism also was not improved with postnatal donor cell infusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence E Shields
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Perinatal Medicine, Box 356460, University of Washington, Seattle 98105-6460, USA.
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Shields LE, Gaur LK, Gough M, Potter J, Sieverkropp A, Andrews RG. In utero hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in nonhuman primates: the role of T cells. Stem Cells 2004; 21:304-14. [PMID: 12743325 DOI: 10.1634/stemcells.21-3-304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In utero transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells is a promising treatment for immune and hematologic diseases of fetuses and newborns. Unfortunately, there are limited data from nonhuman primates and humans describing optimal transplantation conditions. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effect of T-cell number on engraftment and the level of chimerism after in utero transplantation in nonhuman primates. CD34(+) allogeneic adult bone marrow cells, obtained from the sire after G-CSF and stem cell factor administration, were transplanted into female fetal recipients. The average CD34(+) cell dose was 3.0 x 10(9)/kg (range, 9.9 x 10(8) to 4.4 x 10(9)) and the T-cell dose ranged from 2.6 x 10(5) to 1.1 x 10(8)/kg. Chimerism was determined in peripheral blood subsets (CD2, CD13, and CD20) and in progenitor cell populations by using polymerase chain reaction. Chimerism was noted in seven of eight live-born animals. The level of chimerism in the progenitor population was related to the fetal T-cell dose (r = 0.64, p < 0.02). At the lowest T-cell dose (2.6 x 10(5)/kg), no chimerism was detected. As the T-cell dose increased to 10(6-7)/kg, the level of chimerism increased. Adjusting the T-cell dose to 1.1 x 10(8)/kg resulted in fatal graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). The results of this study emphasize the importance of T cells in facilitating donor cell engraftment and in producing GVHD in fetal nonhuman primates. Some animals achieved levels of chimerism in the marrow hematopoietic progenitor cell population that would likely have clinical relevance. However, the levels of chimerism in peripheral blood were too low for therapeutic benefit. Further studies are needed to test methods that are likely to enhance donor cell engraftment and peripheral blood levels of donor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence E Shields
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Perinatal Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98105, USA.
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Ginsberg G, Slikker W, Bruckner J, Sonawane B. Incorporating children's toxicokinetics into a risk framework. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2004; 112:272-83. [PMID: 14754583 PMCID: PMC1241838 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.6013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Children's responses to environmental toxicants will be affected by the way in which their systems absorb, distribute, metabolize, and excrete chemicals. These toxicokinetic factors vary during development, from in utero where maternal and placental processes play a large role, to the neonate in which emerging metabolism and clearance pathways are key determinants. Toxicokinetic differences between neonates and adults lead to the potential for internal dosimetry differences and increased or decreased risk, depending on the mechanisms for toxicity and clearance of a given chemical. This article raises a number of questions that need to be addressed when conducting a toxicokinetic analysis of in utero or childhood exposures. These questions are organized into a proposed framework for conducting the assessment that involves problem formulation (identification of early life stage toxicokinetic factors and chemical-specific factors that may raise questions/concerns for children); data analysis (development of analytic approach, construction of child/adult or child/animal dosimetry comparisons); and risk characterization (evaluation of how children's toxicokinetic analysis can be used to decrease uncertainties in the risk assessment). The proposed approach provides a range of analytical options, from qualitative to quantitative, for assessing children's dosimetry. Further, it provides background information on a variety of toxicokinetic factors that can vary as a function of developmental stage. For example, the ontology of metabolizing systems is described via reference to pediatric studies involving therapeutic drugs and evidence from in vitro enzyme studies. This type of resource information is intended to help the assessor begin to address the issues raised in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Ginsberg
- Connecticut Department of Public Health, Hartford, Connecticut 06134, USA.
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Oerke AK, Heistermann M, Küderling I, Martin RD, Hodges JK. Monitoring reproduction in Callitrichidae by means of ultrasonography. Evol Anthropol 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/evan.10087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Maninger N, Sackett GP, Ruppenthal GC. Weaning, body weight, and postpartum amenorrhea duration in pigtailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina). Am J Primatol 2000; 52:81-91. [PMID: 11051443 DOI: 10.1002/1098-2345(200010)52:2<81::aid-ajp2>3.0.co;2-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Early permanent infant separation or weaning decreases the time interval between pregnancies and interbirth intervals for many female primates. At least part of the interpregnancy interval consists of postpartum amenorrhea, a period of non-menstruation lasting from the time of birth until the female begins to ovulate. This study investigated the effects of weaning age and dam's body weight on the duration of the interval between pregnancies, the duration of postpartum amenorrhea, and the number of cycles to conception in a year-round breeder. Female pigtailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina) have an observable perineal swelling that fluctuates throughout the menstrual cycle and provides a means of detecting ovulation. The perineal swelling records of socially housed pigtailed macaques were studied from July 1996 to September 1998. Postpartum amenorrhea data were obtained on 44 females who gave birth to normal, viable infants. As weaning age increased and dam's weight decreased, postpartum amenorrhea, and consequently the interval between pregnancies, increased in duration. The interpregnancy interval consisted almost entirely of the postpartum amenorrhea phase. Our finding that a higher dam's body weight decreased the length of postpartum amenorrhea duration lends support to the hypothesis that a minimum body weight is necessary for menstrual cycles to occur. Most females became pregnant on their first ovulation regardless of weaning age and whether or not they were carrying an infant. As the weaning age of the infant and the dam's weight increased, ovulation went from occurring after separation to occurring before separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Maninger
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, USA.
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Ha JC, Nosbisch C, Abkowitz JL, Conrad SH, Mottet NK, Ruppenthal GC, Robinette R, Sackett GP, Unadkat JD. Fetal, infant, and maternal toxicity of zidovudine (azidothymidine) administered throughout pregnancy in Macaca nemestrina. JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES AND HUMAN RETROVIROLOGY : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL RETROVIROLOGY ASSOCIATION 1998; 18:27-38. [PMID: 9593455 DOI: 10.1097/00042560-199805010-00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The toxicity of azidothymidine (AZT) was studied in monkey dams and fetuses that were exposed to the drug over the entire gestational period. Fourteen virus-free female macaques (Macaca nemestrina) were randomly assigned to AZT or control groups. AZT animals received the drug through a gastric catheter at a dose of 1.5 mg/kg every 4 hours, which produced plasma concentrations similar to those in humans taking 500 to 600 mg/day of AZT. Control animals received water placebo, also through gastric catheter. Some animals participated in both groups. All females were mated with the same male; 41 matings produced 20 pregnancies, of which 16 were carried to term (9 in AZT females; 7 in control females). The AZT animals developed an asymptomatic macrocytic anemia, but hematologic parameters returned to normal when AZT was discontinued. Total leukocyte count decreased during pregnancy and was further affected by AZT administration. AZT-exposed infants were mildly anemic at birth. AZT caused deficits in growth, rooting and snouting reflexes, and the ability to fixate and follow near stimuli visually, but the deficits disappeared over time. These data indicate that early exposure to AZT in utero should have no irreversible adverse effects on the fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Ha
- Regional Primate Research Center, Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle 98195-7330, USA
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Tardif SD, Jaquish CE, Toal RL, Layne DG, Power RA. Estimation of gestational ages in the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) from published prenatal growth curves. J Med Primatol 1998; 27:28-32. [PMID: 9606040 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0684.1998.tb00065.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This report compares estimated gestational ages from published cubic spline curves to gestational ages estimated retrospectively from delivery dates in 28 pregnancies from ten common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus). Both CRL- and BPD-based estimates of gestational age were closely correlated with delivery-based gestational age estimates. Of the three ultrasound machines used, the one with 16 shades of gray and a sequential linear array overestimated gestational age during early pregnancy, based on CRL measures. Measures from the other two machines (64 or 264 shades of gray; linear sector and annular array or electronic phase array) were similar and resulted in a correlation of the two estimates of gestational age of 0.94 and a mean difference between the two estimates of 0.16 days with 80% of CRL-based gestational age estimates being within +/- 5 days of the delivery-based estimate. The reliability of BPD-based estimates of gestational age was strongly related to pregnancy outcome. BPD-based estimates underestimated gestational age in poor outcome pregnancies (i.e., those in which infants died within 7 days of birth) but not in good outcome pregnancies. The combined CRL- and BPD-based estimates on poor outcome pregnancies suggest that there was less growth in BPD in late gestation for those pregnancies that resulted in nonviable offspring. For good outcome pregnancies, the correlation between BPD-based and delivery-based estimates of gestational age was 0.871 and the mean difference between the two estimates was -0.06 days with 83.3% of BPD-based estimates falling within +/- 5 days of delivery-based estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Tardif
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Ohio 44242-0001, USA
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