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Tsujita M, Melchior JT, Yokoyama S. Lipoprotein Particles in Cerebrospinal Fluid. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2024; 44:1042-1052. [PMID: 38545782 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.123.318284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The brain is the most lipid-rich organ in the body, and the intricate interplay between lipid metabolism and pathologies associated with neurodegenerative disorders is being increasingly recognized. The brain is bathed in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which, like plasma, contains lipid-protein complexes called lipoproteins that are responsible for extracellular lipid transport. Multiple CSF lipoprotein populations exist, some of which are produced de novo in the central nervous system and others that appear to be generated from protein constituents that are produced in the periphery. These CSF lipoproteins are thought to play key roles in maintaining lipid homeostasis in the central nervous system, while little else is known due to their limited accessibility and their low abundance in CSF. Recent work has provided new insights into the compositional complexity of CSF lipoprotein families and their metabolism in cerebral circulation. The purpose of this review is to summarize our current state of knowledge on the composition, origin, and metabolism of CSF lipoproteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maki Tsujita
- Department of Biochemistry, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Japan (M.T.)
| | - John T Melchior
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington (J.T.M.)
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Lipid and Arteriosclerosis Science, University of Cincinnati, OH (J.T.M.)
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (J.T.M.)
| | - Shinji Yokoyama
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, Japan (S.Y.)
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O’Donnell C, Demler TL, Trigoboff E, Lee C. The Impact of High-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C) Levels and Risk of Movement Disorders in Patients Taking Antipsychotics. INNOVATIONS IN CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE 2024; 21:27-30. [PMID: 38938537 PMCID: PMC11208005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Well-known adverse events of antipsychotics are movement disorders, or extrapyramidal symptoms, such as drug-induced parkinsonism and tardive dyskinesia. Objective With new evidence suggesting a link between low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and risk of Parkinson's disease, this study sought to investigate if that link also translated to patients taking antipsychotics with low HDL-C and an increased risk for developing a movement disorder. Design Adult patients (n=89) at an inpatient state psychiatric facility taking at least one antipsychotic with at least one HDL-C level were assessed for signs of a movement disorder through their history and physical, progress notes, and Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS) score. Results There was no statistical significance when comparing a patient's movement disorder, AIMS scores, and HDL-C levels to suggest that the HDL-C level influenced a patient's movement disorder. Conclusion This study did not show a correlation between HDL-C levels and a patient's risk of developing a movement disorder while taking an antipsychotic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn O’Donnell
- Dr. O’Donnell is with Edward Hines Jr. Veterans Administration Hospital in Hines, Illinois, and was with the New York State Office of Mental Health at Buffalo Psychiatric Center in Buffalo, New York, at the time of the study
| | - Tammie Lee Demler
- Dr. Demler is with Department of Pharmacy Practice, State University of New York at Buffalo, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences in Buffalo, New York; Department of Pharmacy, New York State Office of Mental Health at Buffalo Psychiatric Center in Buffalo, New York; and Department of Psychiatry, State University of New York at Buffalo, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences in Buffalo, New York
| | - Eileen Trigoboff
- Dr. Trigoboff is with SCH Pharmacy, SCH Medicine Department of Psychiatry at The State University of New York at Buffalo in Buffalo, New York
| | - Claudia Lee
- Dr. Lee is with Buffalo Psychiatric Center in Buffalo, New York
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3
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Rutledge J, Lehallier B, Zarifkar P, Losada PM, Shahid-Besanti M, Western D, Gorijala P, Ryman S, Yutsis M, Deutsch GK, Mormino E, Trelle A, Wagner AD, Kerchner GA, Tian L, Cruchaga C, Henderson VW, Montine TJ, Borghammer P, Wyss-Coray T, Poston KL. Comprehensive proteomics of CSF, plasma, and urine identify DDC and other biomarkers of early Parkinson's disease. Acta Neuropathol 2024; 147:52. [PMID: 38467937 PMCID: PMC10927779 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-024-02706-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) starts at the molecular and cellular level long before motor symptoms appear, yet there are no early-stage molecular biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis prediction, or monitoring therapeutic response. This lack of biomarkers greatly impedes patient care and translational research-L-DOPA remains the standard of care more than 50 years after its introduction. Here, we performed a large-scale, multi-tissue, and multi-platform proteomics study to identify new biomarkers for early diagnosis and disease monitoring in PD. We analyzed 4877 cerebrospinal fluid, blood plasma, and urine samples from participants across seven cohorts using three orthogonal proteomics methods: Olink proximity extension assay, SomaScan aptamer precipitation assay, and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry proteomics. We discovered that hundreds of proteins were upregulated in the CSF, blood, or urine of PD patients, prodromal PD patients with DAT deficit and REM sleep behavior disorder or anosmia, and non-manifesting genetic carriers of LRRK2 and GBA mutations. We nominate multiple novel hits across our analyses as promising markers of early PD, including DOPA decarboxylase (DDC), also known as L-aromatic acid decarboxylase (AADC), sulfatase-modifying factor 1 (SUMF1), dipeptidyl peptidase 2/7 (DPP7), glutamyl aminopeptidase (ENPEP), WAP four-disulfide core domain 2 (WFDC2), and others. DDC, which catalyzes the final step in dopamine synthesis, particularly stands out as a novel hit with a compelling mechanistic link to PD pathogenesis. DDC is consistently upregulated in the CSF and urine of treatment-naïve PD, prodromal PD, and GBA or LRRK2 carrier participants by all three proteomics methods. We show that CSF DDC levels correlate with clinical symptom severity in treatment-naïve PD patients and can be used to accurately diagnose PD and prodromal PD. This suggests that urine and CSF DDC could be a promising diagnostic and prognostic marker with utility in both clinical care and translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarod Rutledge
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Benoit Lehallier
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Pardis Zarifkar
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Patricia Moran Losada
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Marian Shahid-Besanti
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Dan Western
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Priyanka Gorijala
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sephira Ryman
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Translational Neuroscience, Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Maya Yutsis
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Gayle K Deutsch
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Mormino
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Alexandra Trelle
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Anthony D Wagner
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Geoffrey A Kerchner
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Roche Medical, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lu Tian
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University School of Humanities and Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Carlos Cruchaga
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
- NeuroGenomics and Informatics Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Victor W Henderson
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Thomas J Montine
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Per Borghammer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Tony Wyss-Coray
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- The Knight Initiative for Brain Resilience, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
| | - Kathleen L Poston
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
- The Knight Initiative for Brain Resilience, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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Kumavat R, Kumar V, Biswas S. Differential Expression of Fibrinogen Alpha and Its Potential Involvement in Osteoarthritis Pathogenesis. Mol Biotechnol 2024:10.1007/s12033-023-00983-w. [PMID: 38182865 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00983-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
The deterioration of cartilage tissue and other joint components composed of synovial tissue is a defining characteristic of osteoarthritis (OA) disease. Because of the lack of understanding of the underlying cause and important molecular pathways, there are currently no effective diagnostic or treatment methods for OA. The purpose of the study is to find a specific protein biomarker with high sensitivity and specificity in order to understand the pathophysiology of the disease and the underlying molecular pathways. We examined plasma samples of matched age and sex from OA patients (n = 150) and healthy controls (HC) (n = 70) to find proteins that were differentially expressed and validated by western blotting, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence. The results of western blotting demonstrated that the expression level of the fibrinogen alpha (FGA) protein was higher in plasma samples of osteoarthritis (OAPL) (p = 0.0343), and the ROC (receiver operating characteristic curve) curve supported the high sensitivity (95.22%) and specificity (74%) of FGA in OA plasma compared to healthy controls. FGA protein was detected to be deposited in the synovial tissue of OA patients (p = 0.0073). By activating the Toll-like receptor (TLR-4) receptor pathway in PBMCs (p = 0.04) and synovial tissue, FGA protein may be involved in the molecular mechanism of OA pathogenesis. Our findings collectively suggested that FGA, which is significantly expressed in OA plasma, synovial tissue, and PBMCs and is connected to the disease's advancement through the TLR-4 receptor, may serve as a diagnostic or disease-evolving tool for OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajkamal Kumavat
- Council of Scientific &Industrial Research (CSIR) - Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi University Campus, 110007, Delhi, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - Sagarika Biswas
- Council of Scientific &Industrial Research (CSIR) - Institute of Genomics & Integrative Biology, Mall Road, Delhi University Campus, 110007, Delhi, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
- Department of Genomics & Molecular Medicine, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology, New Delhi, 110007, India.
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Abdik E, Çakır T. Transcriptome-based biomarker prediction for Parkinson's disease using genome-scale metabolic modeling. Sci Rep 2024; 14:585. [PMID: 38182712 PMCID: PMC10770157 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-51034-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease in the world. Identification of PD biomarkers is crucial for early diagnosis and to develop target-based therapeutic agents. Integrative analysis of genome-scale metabolic models (GEMs) and omics data provides a computational approach for the prediction of metabolite biomarkers. Here, we applied the TIMBR (Transcriptionally Inferred Metabolic Biomarker Response) algorithm and two modified versions of TIMBR to investigate potential metabolite biomarkers for PD. To this end, we mapped thirteen post-mortem PD transcriptome datasets from the substantia nigra region onto Human-GEM. We considered a metabolite as a candidate biomarker if its production was predicted to be more efficient by a TIMBR-family algorithm in control or PD case for the majority of the datasets. Different metrics based on well-known PD-related metabolite alterations, PD-associated pathways, and a list of 25 high-confidence PD metabolite biomarkers compiled from the literature were used to compare the prediction performance of the three algorithms tested. The modified algorithm with the highest prediction power based on the metrics was called TAMBOOR, TrAnscriptome-based Metabolite Biomarkers by On-Off Reactions, which was introduced for the first time in this study. TAMBOOR performed better in terms of capturing well-known pathway alterations and metabolite secretion changes in PD. Therefore, our tool has a strong potential to be used for the prediction of novel diagnostic biomarkers for human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ecehan Abdik
- Department of Bioengineering, Gebze Technical University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Tunahan Çakır
- Department of Bioengineering, Gebze Technical University, Kocaeli, Turkey.
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Serna-Rodríguez MF, Zambrano-Lucio M, Trejo-Luevanos JL, Marino-Martínez IA, Rivas-Estilla AM, Ontiveros-Sánchez de la Barquera JA, Pérez-Maya AA. Apolipoproteins and Suicide: A Potential Psychiatric Biomarker. Arch Suicide Res 2023; 27:1115-1133. [PMID: 35980143 DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2022.2111533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Every year around 800,000 people commit suicide, this represents one death every 40 s. In the search for possible biological biomarkers associated with suicide and/or psychiatric disorders, serum cholesterol levels have been extensively explored. Several studies indicate that cholesterol and associated proteins, especially apolipoproteins (Apos), may play an important role in the diagnosis, prognosis, and susceptibility of suicidal behavior. Here, we describe the current knowledge and findings in the relationship between apolipoproteins and suicide.HIGHLIGHTSThis is the first systematic review of Apos in relation to suicidal behavior.Dysregulations of Apos expression has been observed in patients with suicidal behavior.Apos seem to be associated with cognitive dysfunction in suicide attempters.ApoE is a potential biomarker regarding suicidal behavior.
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Al‐kuraishy HM, Al‐Gareeb AI, Alexiou A, Papadakis M, Alsayegh AA, Almohmadi NH, Saad HM, Batiha GE. Pros and cons for statins use and risk of Parkinson's disease: An updated perspective. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2023; 11:e01063. [PMID: 36811160 PMCID: PMC9944858 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.1063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most frequent neurodegenerative brain disease (NBD) after Alzheimer's disease (AD). Statins are the most common lipid-lowering agents used in the management of dyslipidemia and the prevention of primary and secondary cardiovascular diseases (CVD) events. In addition, there is a controversial point regarding the role of serum lipids in the pathogenesis of PD. In this bargain, as statins reduce serum cholesterol so they affect the PD neuropathology in bidirectional ways either protective or harmful. Statins are not used in the management of PD, but they are frequently used in the cardiovascular disorders commonly associated with PD in the elderly population. Therefore, the use of statins in that population may affect PD outcomes. Concerning the potential role of statins on PD neuropathology, there are conflicts and controversies either protective against the development of PD or harmful by increasing the risk for the development of PD. Therefore, this review aimed to clarify the precise role of statins in PD regarding the pros and cons from published studies. Many studies suggest a protective role of statins against PD risk through the modulation of inflammatory and lysosomal signaling pathways. Nevertheless, other observations suggest that statin therapy may increase PD risk by diverse mechanisms including reduction of CoQ10. In conclusion, there are strong controversies regarding the protective role of statins in PD neuropathology. Therefore, retrospective and prospective studies are necessary in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayder M. Al‐kuraishy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and MedicineCollege of Medicine, ALmustansiriyia UniversityBaghdadIraq
| | - Ali I. Al‐Gareeb
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and MedicineCollege of Medicine, ALmustansiriyia UniversityBaghdadIraq
| | - Athanasios Alexiou
- Department of Science and EngineeringNovel Global Community Educational FoundationHebershamNew South WalesAustralia
- AFNP MedWienAustria
| | - Marios Papadakis
- Department of Surgery IIUniversity Hospital Witten‐HerdeckeUniversity of Witten‐HerdeckeWuppertalGermany
| | - Abdulrahman A. Alsayegh
- Clinical Nutrition DepartmentApplied Medical Sciences College, Jazan UniversityJazanSaudi Arabia
| | - Najlaa Hamed Almohmadi
- Clinical Nutrition DepartmentCollege of Applied Medical SciencesUmm Al‐Qura UniversityMakkahSaudi Arabia
| | - Hebatallah M. Saad
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineMatrouh UniversityMatrouhEgypt
| | - Gaber El‐Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineDamanhour UniversityDamanhourEgypt
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Chang KH, Cheng ML, Lo CJ, Fan CM, Wu YR, Chen CM. Alternations of Lipoprotein Profiles in the Plasma as Biomarkers of Huntington's Disease. Cells 2023; 12:cells12030385. [PMID: 36766727 PMCID: PMC9913722 DOI: 10.3390/cells12030385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Alterations in lipid composition and disturbed lipoprotein metabolism are involved in the pathomechanism of Huntington's disease (HD). Here, we measured 112 lipoprotein subfractions and components in the plasma of 20 normal controls, 24 symptomatic (sympHD) and 9 presymptomatic (preHD) HD patients. Significant changes were found in 30 lipoprotein subfractions and components in all HD patients. Plasma levels of total cholesterol (CH), apolipoprotein (Apo)B, ApoB-particle number (PN), and components of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) were lower in preHD and sympHD patients. Components of LDL4, LDL5, LDL6 and high-density lipoprotein (HDL)4 demonstrated lower levels in preHD and sympHD patients compared with controls. Components in LDL3 displayed lower levels in sympHD compared with the controls, whereas components in very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)5 were higher in sympHD patients compared to the controls. The levels of components in HDL4 and VLDL5 demonstrated correlation with the scores of motor assessment, independence scale or functional capacity of Unified Huntington's Disease Rating Scale. These findings indicate the potential of components of VLDL5, LDL3, LDL4, LDL5 and HDL4 to serve as the biomarkers for HD diagnosis and disease progression, and demonstrate substantial evidence of the involvement of lipids and apolipoproteins in HD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Hsuan Chang
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Ling Cheng
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Clinical Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Jen Lo
- Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ming Fan
- Metabolomics Core Laboratory, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Yih-Ru Wu
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Chiung-Mei Chen
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Linkou Medical Center, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-3-3281200 (ext. 8729); Fax: +886-3-3288849
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Wu Z, Hu Z, Gao Y, Xia Y, Zhang X, Jiang Z. A computational approach based on weighted gene co-expression network analysis for biomarkers analysis of Parkinson's disease and construction of diagnostic model. Front Comput Neurosci 2023; 16:1095676. [PMID: 36704228 PMCID: PMC9873349 DOI: 10.3389/fncom.2022.1095676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common age-related chronic neurodegenerative disease. There is currently no affordable, effective, and less invasive test for PD diagnosis. Metabolite profiling in blood and blood-based gene transcripts is thought to be an ideal method for diagnosing PD. Aim In this study, the objective is to identify the potential diagnostic biomarkers of PD by analyzing microarray gene expression data of samples from PD patients. Methods A computational approach, namely, Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) was used to construct co-expression gene networks and identify the key modules that were highly correlated with PD from the GSE99039 dataset. The Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression analysis was performed to identify the hub genes in the key modules with strong association with PD. The selected hub genes were then used to construct a diagnostic model based on logistic regression analysis, and the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves were used to evaluate the efficacy of the model using the GSE99039 dataset. Finally, Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) was used to validate the hub genes. Results WGCNA identified two key modules associated with inflammation and immune response. Seven hub genes, LILRB1, LSP1, SIPA1, SLC15A3, MBOAT7, RNF24, and TLE3 were identified from the two modules and used to construct diagnostic models. ROC analysis showed that the diagnostic model had a good diagnostic performance for PD in the training and testing datasets. Results of the RT-PCR experiments showed that there were significant differences in the mRNA expression of LILRB1, LSP1, and MBOAT7 among the seven hub genes. Conclusion The 7-gene panel (LILRB1, LSP1, SIPA1, SLC15A3, MBOAT7, RNF24, and TLE3) will serve as a potential diagnostic signature for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoping Wu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhiping Hu
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yunchun Gao
- Department of Neurology, The First People’s Hospital of Changde City, Changde, Hunan, China
| | - Yuechong Xia
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaobo Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First People’s Hospital of Changde City, Changde, Hunan, China
| | - Zheng Jiang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China,*Correspondence: Zheng Jiang,
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Winchester L, Barber I, Lawton M, Ash J, Liu B, Evetts S, Hopkins-Jones L, Lewis S, Bresner C, Malpartida AB, Williams N, Gentlemen S, Wade-Martins R, Ryan B, Holgado-Nevado A, Hu M, Ben-Shlomo Y, Grosset D, Lovestone S. Identification of a possible proteomic biomarker in Parkinson's disease: discovery and replication in blood, brain and cerebrospinal fluid. Brain Commun 2023; 5:fcac343. [PMID: 36694577 PMCID: PMC9856276 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcac343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomarkers to aid diagnosis and delineate the progression of Parkinson's disease are vital for targeting treatment in the early phases of the disease. Here, we aim to discover a multi-protein panel representative of Parkinson's and make mechanistic inferences from protein expression profiles within the broader objective of finding novel biomarkers. We used aptamer-based technology (SomaLogic®) to measure proteins in 1599 serum samples, 85 cerebrospinal fluid samples and 37 brain tissue samples collected from two observational longitudinal cohorts (the Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre and Tracking Parkinson's) and the Parkinson's Disease Brain Bank, respectively. Random forest machine learning was performed to discover new proteins related to disease status and generate multi-protein expression signatures with potential novel biomarkers. Differential regulation analysis and pathway analysis were performed to identify functional and mechanistic disease associations. The most consistent diagnostic classifier signature was tested across modalities [cerebrospinal fluid (area under curve) = 0.74, P = 0.0009; brain area under curve = 0.75, P = 0.006; serum area under curve = 0.66, P = 0.0002]. Focusing on serum samples and using only those with severe disease compared with controls increased the area under curve to 0.72 (P = 1.0 × 10-4). In the validation data set, we showed that the same classifiers were significantly related to disease status (P < 0.001). Differential expression analysis and weighted gene correlation network analysis highlighted key proteins and pathways with known relationships to Parkinson's. Proteins from the complement and coagulation cascades suggest a disease relationship to immune response. The combined analytical approaches in a relatively large number of samples, across tissue types, with replication and validation, provide mechanistic insights into the disease as well as nominate a protein signature classifier that deserves further biomarker evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Winchester
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7JX, UK
| | - Imelda Barber
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7JX, UK
| | - Michael Lawton
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Jessica Ash
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7JX, UK
| | - Benjamine Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7JX, UK
| | - Samuel Evetts
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre and Division of Neurology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Lucinda Hopkins-Jones
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK
| | - Suppalak Lewis
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK
| | - Catherine Bresner
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK
| | - Ana Belen Malpartida
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Nigel Williams
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, UK
| | - Steve Gentlemen
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Richard Wade-Martins
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Brent Ryan
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, Kavli Institute for Nanoscience Discovery, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - Michele Hu
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre and Division of Neurology, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Yoav Ben-Shlomo
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Donald Grosset
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Simon Lovestone
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7JX, UK
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11
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Crosstalk between neurological, cardiovascular, and lifestyle disorders: insulin and lipoproteins in the lead role. Pharmacol Rep 2022; 74:790-817. [PMID: 36149598 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-022-00417-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance and impaired lipoprotein metabolism contribute to a plethora of metabolic and cardiovascular disorders. These alterations have been extensively linked with poor lifestyle choices, such as consumption of a high-fat diet, smoking, stress, and a redundant lifestyle. Moreover, these are also known to increase the co-morbidity of diseases like Type 2 diabetes mellitus and atherosclerosis. Under normal physiological conditions, insulin and lipoproteins exert a neuroprotective role in the central nervous system. However, the tripping of balance between the periphery and center may alter the normal functioning of the brain and lead to neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, stroke, depression, and multiple sclerosis. These neurological disorders are further characterized by certain behavioral and molecular changes that show consistent overlap with alteration in insulin and lipoprotein signaling pathways. Therefore, targeting these two mechanisms not only reveals a way to manage the co-morbidities associated with the circle of the metabolic, central nervous system, and cardiovascular disorders but also exclusively work as a disease-modifying therapy for neurological disorders. In this review, we summarize the role of insulin resistance and lipoproteins in the progression of various neurological conditions and discuss the therapeutic options currently in the clinical pipeline targeting these two mechanisms; in addition, challenges faced in designing these therapeutic approaches have also been touched upon briefly.
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12
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Proteomics for comprehensive characterization of extracellular vesicles in neurodegenerative disease. Exp Neurol 2022; 355:114149. [PMID: 35732219 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small lipid bilayer particles ubiquitously released by almost every cell type. A specific and selective constituents of EVs loaded with variety of proteins, lipids, small noncoding RNAs, and long non-coding RNAs are reflective of cellular events, type, and physiologic/pathophysiologic status of the cell of origin. Moreover, these molecular contents carry information from the cell of origin to recipient cells, modulating intercellular communication. Recent studies demonstrated that EVs not only play a neuroprotective role by mediating the removal of toxic proteins, but also emerge as an important player in various neurodegenerative disease onset and progression through facilitating of misfolded proteins propagation. For this reason, neurodegenerative disease-associated differences in EV proteome relative to normal EVs can be used to fulfil diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic purposes. Nonetheless, characterizing EV proteome obtained from biological samples (brain tissue and body fluids, including urea, blood, saliva, and CSF) is a challenging task. Herein, we review the status of EV proteome profiling and the updated discovery of potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of neurodegenerative disease with an emphasis on the integration of high-throughput advanced mass spectrometry (MS) technologies for both qualitative and quantitative analysis of EVs in different clinical tissue/body fluid samples in past five years.
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13
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Lam S, Arif M, Song X, Uhlén M, Mardinoglu A. Machine Learning Analysis Reveals Biomarkers for the Detection of Neurological Diseases. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:889728. [PMID: 35711735 PMCID: PMC9194858 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.889728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
It is critical to identify biomarkers for neurological diseases (NLDs) to accelerate drug discovery for effective treatment of patients of diseases that currently lack such treatments. In this work, we retrieved genotyping and clinical data from 1,223 UK Biobank participants to identify genetic and clinical biomarkers for NLDs, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), motor neuron disease (MND), and myasthenia gravis (MG). Using a machine learning modeling approach with Monte Carlo randomization, we identified a panel of informative diagnostic biomarkers for predicting AD, PD, MND, and MG, including classical liver disease markers such as alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and bilirubin. A multinomial model trained on accessible clinical markers could correctly predict an NLD diagnosis with an accuracy of 88.3%. We also explored genetic biomarkers. In a genome-wide association study of AD, PD, MND, and MG patients, we identified single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) implicated in several craniofacial disorders such as apnoea and branchiootic syndrome. We found evidence for shared genetic risk loci among NLDs, including SNPs in cancer-related genes and SNPs known to be associated with non-brain cancers such as Wilms tumor, leukemia, and colon cancer. This indicates overlapping genetic characterizations among NLDs which challenges current clinical definitions of the neurological disorders. Taken together, this work demonstrates the value of data-driven approaches to identify novel biomarkers in the absence of any known or promising biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Lam
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Muhammad Arif
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH—Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Xiya Song
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH—Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mathias Uhlén
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH—Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Adil Mardinoglu
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH—Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Adil Mardinoglu
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14
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Manzine PR, Vatanabe IP, Grigoli MM, Pedroso RV, de Almeida MPOMEP, de Oliveira DDSMS, Crispim Nascimento CM, Peron R, de Souza Orlandi F, Cominetti MR. Potential Protein Blood-Based Biomarkers in Different Types of Dementia: A Therapeutic Overview. Curr Pharm Des 2022; 28:1170-1186. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612828666220408124809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:
Biomarkers capable of identifying and distinguishing types of dementia such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD), Lewy body dementia (LBD), and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) have been become increasingly relentless. Studies of possible biomarker proteins in the blood that can help formulate new diagnostic proposals and therapeutic visions of different types of dementia are needed. However, due to several limitations of these biomarkers, especially in discerning dementia, their clinical applications are still undetermined. Thus, the updating of biomarker blood proteins that can help in the diagnosis and discrimination of these main dementia conditions is essential to enable new pharmacological and clinical management strategies, with specificities for each type of dementia. To review the literature concerning protein blood-based AD and non-AD biomarkers as new pharmacological targets and/or therapeutic strategies. Recent findings for protein-based AD, PDD, LBD, and FTD biomarkers are focused on in this review. Protein biomarkers were classified according to the pathophysiology of the dementia types. The diagnosis and distinction of dementia through protein biomarkers is still a challenge. The lack of exclusive biomarkers for each type of dementia highlights the need for further studies in this field. Only after this, blood biomarkers may have a valid use in clinical practice as they are promising to help in diagnosis and in the differentiation of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Regina Manzine
- Department of Gerontology, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Brazil. Highway Washington Luis, Km 235. Monjolinho
| | - Izabela Pereira Vatanabe
- Department of Gerontology, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Brazil. Highway Washington Luis, Km 235. Monjolinho
| | - Marina Mantellatto Grigoli
- Department of Gerontology, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Brazil. Highway Washington Luis, Km 235. Monjolinho
| | - Renata Valle Pedroso
- Department of Gerontology, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Brazil. Highway Washington Luis, Km 235. Monjolinho
| | | | | | | | - Rafaela Peron
- Department of Gerontology, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Brazil. Highway Washington Luis, Km 235. Monjolinho
| | - Fabiana de Souza Orlandi
- Department of Gerontology, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Brazil. Highway Washington Luis, Km 235. Monjolinho
| | - Márcia Regina Cominetti
- Department of Gerontology, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Brazil. Highway Washington Luis, Km 235. Monjolinho
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15
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Naskar A, Stezin A, Dharmappa A, Hegde S, Philip M, Kamble N, Saini J, Sandhya K, Tatu U, Yadav R, Pal PK, Alladi PA. Fibrinogen and Complement Factor H Are Promising CSF Protein Biomarkers for Parkinson's Disease with Cognitive Impairment─A Proteomics-ELISA-Based Study. ACS Chem Neurosci 2022; 13:1030-1045. [PMID: 35200010 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) with cognitive impairment (PDCI) is essentially diagnosed through clinical and neuropsychological examinations. There is a need to identify biomarkers to foresee cognitive decline in them. We performed label-free unbiased nontargeted proteomics (Q-TOF LC/MS-MS) on the CSF of non-neurological control; PDCI; PD; and normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) patients, followed by targeted ELISA for validation. Of the 281 proteins identified, 42 were differentially altered in PD, PDCI, and NPH. With a certain overlap, 28 proteins were altered in PDCI and 25 proteins were altered in NPH. Five significantly upregulated proteins in PDCI were fibrinogen, gelsolin, complement factor-H, and apolipoproteins A-I and A-IV, whereas carnosine dipeptidase-1, carboxypeptidase-E, dickkopf-3, and secretogranin-3 precursor proteins were downregulated. Those uniquely altered in NPH were the insulin-like growth factor-binding protein, ceruloplasmin, α-1 antitrypsin, VGF nerve growth factor, and neural cell adhesion molecule L1-like protein. The ELISA-derived protein concentrations correlated with neuropsychological scores of certain cognitive domains. In PDCI, the Wisconsin card sorting percentile correlated negatively with fibrinogen. Intraperitoneal injection of native fibrinogen caused motor deficits in C57BL/6J mice as assessed by the pole test. Thus, a battery of proteins such as fibrinogen-α-chain, CFAH, and APOA-I/APOA-IV alongside neuropsychological assessment could be reliable biomarkers to distinguish PDCI and NPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Naskar
- Department of Clinical Psychopharmacology & Neurotoxicology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru 560029, India
| | - Albert Stezin
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru 560029, India
| | - Arpitha Dharmappa
- Department of Clinical Psychology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru 560029, India
| | - Shantala Hegde
- Department of Clinical Psychology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru 560029, India
| | - Mariamma Philip
- Department of Biostatistics, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru 560029, India
| | - Nitish Kamble
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru 560029, India
| | - Jitender Saini
- Department of Neuroimaging & Interventional Radiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru 560029, India
| | - K. Sandhya
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, Bengaluru 560002, India
| | - Utpal Tatu
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India
| | - Ravi Yadav
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru 560029, India
| | - Pramod Kumar Pal
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru 560029, India
| | - Phalguni Anand Alladi
- Department of Clinical Psychopharmacology & Neurotoxicology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neuro Sciences, Bengaluru 560029, India
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Berdowska I, Matusiewicz M, Krzystek-Korpacka M. HDL Accessory Proteins in Parkinson’s Disease—Focusing on Clusterin (Apolipoprotein J) in Regard to Its Involvement in Pathology and Diagnostics—A Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11030524. [PMID: 35326174 PMCID: PMC8944556 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11030524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD)—a neurodegenerative disorder (NDD) characterized by progressive destruction of dopaminergic neurons within the substantia nigra of the brain—is associated with the formation of Lewy bodies containing mainly α-synuclein. HDL-related proteins such as paraoxonase 1 and apolipoproteins A1, E, D, and J are implicated in NDDs, including PD. Apolipoprotein J (ApoJ, clusterin) is a ubiquitous, multifunctional protein; besides its engagement in lipid transport, it modulates a variety of other processes such as immune system functionality and cellular death signaling. Furthermore, being an extracellular chaperone, ApoJ interacts with proteins associated with NDD pathogenesis (amyloid β, tau, and α-synuclein), thus modulating their properties. In this review, the association of clusterin with PD is delineated, with respect to its putative involvement in the pathological mechanism and its application in PD prognosis/diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Berdowska
- Correspondence: (I.B.); (M.M.); Tel.: +48-71-784-13-92 (I.B.); +48-71-784-13-70 (M.M.)
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17
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Emerging role of HDL in brain cholesterol metabolism and neurodegenerative disorders. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2022; 1867:159123. [PMID: 35151900 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2022.159123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
High-density lipoproteins (HDLs play a key role in cholesterol homeostasis maintenance in the central nervous system (CNS), by carrying newly synthesized cholesterol from astrocytes to neurons, to support their lipid-related physiological functions. As occurs for plasma HDLs, brain lipoproteins are assembled through the activity of membrane cholesterol transporters, undergo remodeling mediated by specific enzymes and transport proteins, and finally deliver cholesterol to neurons by a receptor-mediated internalization process. A growing number of evidences indicates a strong association between alterations of CNS cholesterol homeostasis and neurodegenerative disorders, in particular Alzheimer's disease (AD), and a possible role in this relationship may be played by defects in brain HDL metabolism. In the present review, we summarize and critically examine the current state of knowledge on major modifications of HDL and HDL-mediated brain cholesterol transport in AD, by taking into consideration the individual steps of this process. We also describe potential and encouraging HDL-based therapies that could represent new therapeutic strategies for AD treatment. Finally, we revise the main plasma and brain HDL modifications in other neurodegenerative disorders including Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), and frontotemporal dementia (FTD).
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18
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Karaboğa MNS, Sezgintürk MK. Biosensor approaches on the diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases: Sensing the past to the future. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 209:114479. [PMID: 34861607 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Early diagnosis of neurodegeneration-oriented diseases that develop with the aging world is essential for improving the patient's living conditions as well as the treatment of the disease. Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases are prominent examples of neurodegeneration characterized by dementia leading to the death of nerve cells. The clinical diagnosis of these diseases only after the symptoms appear, delays the treatment process. Detection of biomarkers, which are distinctive molecules in biological fluids, involved in neurodegeneration processes, has the potential to allow early diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases. Studies on biosensors, whose main responsibility is to detect the target analyte with high specificity, has gained momentum in recent years with the aim of high detection of potential biomarkers of neurodegeneration process. This study aims to provide an overview of neuro-biosensors developed on the basis of biomarkers identified in biological fluids for the diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), and Parkinson's disease (PD), and to provide an overview of the urgent needs in this field, emphasizing the importance of early diagnosis in the general lines of the neurodegeneration pathway. In this review, biosensor systems developed for the detection of biomarkers of neurodegenerative diseases, especially in the last 5 years, are discussed.
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Deng X, Saffari SE, Ng SYE, Chia N, Tan JY, Choi X, Heng DL, Xu Z, Tay KY, Au WL, Liu N, Ng A, Tan EK, Tan LCS. Blood Lipid Biomarkers in Early Parkinson's Disease and Parkinson's Disease with Mild Cognitive Impairment. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2022; 12:1937-1943. [PMID: 35723114 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-213135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipid biomarkers have potential neuroprotective effects in Parkinson's disease (PD) and there is limited evidence in the field. OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate the association between comprehensive blood lipid biomarkers and PD. METHODS A total of 205 PD patients and 102 non-PD subjects were included from Early Parkinson's disease Longitudinal Singapore (PALS) cohort. We investigated 6 serum lipid biomarkers including total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), apolipoprotein A1 (Apo A1), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and apolipoprotein B (Apo B). PD patients were further classified into mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and normal cognition (NC) subgroups. We conducted a cross-sectionals study to examine the association between lipids and PD and further explored the relationship between lipids and PD-MCI. RESULTS PD patients had significantly lower level of lipid panel including TC, TG, HDL-C, Apo A1, LDL-C, and Apo B (all p < 0.05). TC, TG, Apo A1, and Apo B levels were independent protective factors (p < 0.05) for PD in the logistic regression model. PD-MCI group had significantly higher mean TC, TG, and Apo A1 levels compared to PD-NC group. Higher TC, TG, and Apo A1 levels were independent risk factors (p < 0.05) for PD-MCI. CONCLUSION We demonstrated that PD patients had significantly lower levels of lipid biomarkers while PD-MCI patients had higher levels of TC, TG, and Apo A1. TC, TG, and Apo A1 may be useful biomarkers for PD-MCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Deng
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Seyed Ehsan Saffari
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, Singapore
- Centre for Quantitative Medicine, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Samuel Yong Ern Ng
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nicole Chia
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jayne Yi Tan
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xinyi Choi
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dede Liana Heng
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zheyu Xu
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kay-Yaw Tay
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wing-Lok Au
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Nan Liu
- Programme in Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Adeline Ng
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eng-King Tan
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Louis C S Tan
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
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20
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Chelliah SS, Bhuvanendran S, Magalingam KB, Kamarudin MNA, Radhakrishnan AK. Identification of blood-based biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of Parkinson's disease: A systematic review of proteomics studies. Ageing Res Rev 2022; 73:101514. [PMID: 34798300 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's Disease (PD), a neurodegenerative disorder, is characterised by the loss of motor function and dopamine neurons. Therapeutic avenues remain a challenge due to lack of accuracy in early diagnosis, monitoring of disease progression and limited therapeutic options. Proteomic platforms have been utilised to discover biomarkers for numerous diseases, a tool that may benefit the diagnosis and monitoring of disease progression in PD patients. Therefore, this systematic review focuses on analysing blood-based candidate biomarkers (CB) identified via proteomics platforms for PD. This study systematically reviewed articles across six databases (EMBASE, Cochrane, Ovid Medline, Scopus, Science Direct and PubMed) published between 2010 and 2020. Of the 504 articles identified, 12 controlled-PD studies were selected for further analysis. A total of 115 candidate biomarkers (CB) were identified across selected 12-controlled studies, of which 23 CB were found to be replicable in more than two cohorts. Using the PANTHER Go-Slim classification system and STRING network, the gene function and protein interactions between biomarkers were analysed. Our analysis highlights Apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I), which is essential in lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, and neuroprotection demonstrates high replicability across five cohorts with consistent downregulation across four cohorts. Since ApoA-I was highly replicable across blood fractions, proteomic platforms and continents, its relationship with cholesterol, statin and oxidative stress as PD biomarker, its role in the pathogenesis of PD is discussed in this paper. The present study identified ApoA-I as a potential biomarker via proteomics analysis of PD for the early diagnosis and prediction of disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalini Sundramurthi Chelliah
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500, Malaysia
| | - Saatheeyavaane Bhuvanendran
- Brain Research Institute Monash Sunway (BRIMS), Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500, Malaysia.
| | - Kasthuri Bai Magalingam
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500, Malaysia
| | - Muhamad Noor Alfarizal Kamarudin
- Brain Research Institute Monash Sunway (BRIMS), Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500, Malaysia
| | - Ammu Kutty Radhakrishnan
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500, Malaysia
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21
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Structural and Functional Changes of Reconstituted High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) by Incorporation of α-synuclein: A Potent Antioxidant and Anti-Glycation Activity of α-synuclein and apoA-I in HDL at High Molar Ratio of α-synuclein. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26247485. [PMID: 34946565 PMCID: PMC8707077 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26247485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
α-synuclein (α-syn) is a major culprit of Parkinson's disease (PD), although lipoprotein metabolism is very important in the pathogenesis of PD. α-syn was expressed and purified using the pET30a expression vector from an E. coli expression system to elucidate the physiological effects of α-syn on lipoprotein metabolism. The human α-syn protein (140 amino acids) with His-tag (8 amino acids) was expressed and purified to at least 95% purity. Isoelectric focusing gel electrophoresis showed that the isoelectric point (pI) of α-syn and apoA-I were pI = 4.5 and pI = 6.4, respectively. The lipid-free α-syn showed almost no phospholipid-binding ability, while apoA-I showed rapid binding ability with a half-time (T1/2) = 8 ± 0.7 min. The α-syn and apoA-I could be incorporated into the reconstituted HDL (rHDL, molar ratio 95:5:1:1, palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC):cholesterol:apoA-I:α-syn with the production of larger particles (92 Å) than apoA-I-rHDL (86 and 78 Å) and α-syn-rHDL (65 Å). An rHDL containing both apoA-I and α-syn showed lower α-helicity around 45% with a red shift of the Trp wavelength maximum fluorescence (WMF) from 339 nm, while apoA-I-HDL showed 76% α-helicity and 337 nm of WMF. The denaturation by urea addition showed that the incorporation of α-syn in rHDL caused a larger increase in the WMF than apoA-I-rHDL, suggesting that the destabilization of the secondary structure of apoA-I by the addition of α-syn. On the other hand, the addition of α-syn induced two-times higher resistance to rHDL glycation at apoA-I:α-syn molar ratios of 1:1 and 1:2. Interestingly, low α-syn in rHDL concentrations, molar ratio of 1:0.5 (apoA-I:α-syn), did not prevent glycation with more multimerization of apoA-I. In the lipid-free and lipid-bound state, α-syn showed more potent antioxidant activity than apoA-I against cupric ion-mediated LDL oxidation. On the other hand, microinjection of α-syn (final 2 μM) resulted in 10% less survival of zebrafish embryos than apoA-I. A subcutaneous injection of α-syn (final 34 μM) resulted in less tail fin regeneration than apoA-I. Interestingly, incorporation of α-syn at a low molar ratio (apoA-I:α-syn, 1:0.5) in rHDL resulted destabilization of the secondary structure and impairment of apoA-I functionality via more oxidation and glycation. However, at a higher molar ratio of α-syn in rHDL (apoA-I:α-syn = 1:1 or 1:2) exhibited potent antioxidant and anti-glycation activity without aggregation. In conclusion, there might be a critical concentration of α-syn and apoA-I in HDL-like complex to prevent the aggregation of apoA-I via structural and functional enhancement.
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22
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Pirooznia SK, Rosenthal LS, Dawson VL, Dawson TM. Parkinson Disease: Translating Insights from Molecular Mechanisms to Neuroprotection. Pharmacol Rev 2021; 73:33-97. [PMID: 34663684 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.120.000189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson disease (PD) used to be considered a nongenetic condition. However, the identification of several autosomal dominant and recessive mutations linked to monogenic PD has changed this view. Clinically manifest PD is then thought to occur through a complex interplay between genetic mutations, many of which have incomplete penetrance, and environmental factors, both neuroprotective and increasing susceptibility, which variably interact to reach a threshold over which PD becomes clinically manifested. Functional studies of PD gene products have identified many cellular and molecular pathways, providing crucial insights into the nature and causes of PD. PD originates from multiple causes and a range of pathogenic processes at play, ultimately culminating in nigral dopaminergic loss and motor dysfunction. An in-depth understanding of these complex and possibly convergent pathways will pave the way for therapeutic approaches to alleviate the disease symptoms and neuroprotective strategies to prevent disease manifestations. This review is aimed at providing a comprehensive understanding of advances made in PD research based on leveraging genetic insights into the pathogenesis of PD. It further discusses novel perspectives to facilitate identification of critical molecular pathways that are central to neurodegeneration that hold the potential to develop neuroprotective and/or neurorestorative therapeutic strategies for PD. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: A comprehensive review of PD pathophysiology is provided on the complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors and biologic processes that contribute to PD pathogenesis. This knowledge identifies new targets that could be leveraged into disease-modifying therapies to prevent or slow neurodegeneration in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila K Pirooznia
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering (S.K.P., V.L.D., T.M.D.), Departments of Neurology (S.K.P., L.S.R., V.L.D., T.M.D.), Departments of Physiology (V.L.D.), Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience (V.L.D., T.M.D.), Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences (T.M.D.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana (S.K.P., V.L.D., T.M.D.); and Diana Helis Henry Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana (S.K.P., V.L.D., T.M.D.)
| | - Liana S Rosenthal
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering (S.K.P., V.L.D., T.M.D.), Departments of Neurology (S.K.P., L.S.R., V.L.D., T.M.D.), Departments of Physiology (V.L.D.), Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience (V.L.D., T.M.D.), Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences (T.M.D.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana (S.K.P., V.L.D., T.M.D.); and Diana Helis Henry Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana (S.K.P., V.L.D., T.M.D.)
| | - Valina L Dawson
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering (S.K.P., V.L.D., T.M.D.), Departments of Neurology (S.K.P., L.S.R., V.L.D., T.M.D.), Departments of Physiology (V.L.D.), Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience (V.L.D., T.M.D.), Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences (T.M.D.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana (S.K.P., V.L.D., T.M.D.); and Diana Helis Henry Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana (S.K.P., V.L.D., T.M.D.)
| | - Ted M Dawson
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering (S.K.P., V.L.D., T.M.D.), Departments of Neurology (S.K.P., L.S.R., V.L.D., T.M.D.), Departments of Physiology (V.L.D.), Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience (V.L.D., T.M.D.), Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences (T.M.D.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana (S.K.P., V.L.D., T.M.D.); and Diana Helis Henry Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana (S.K.P., V.L.D., T.M.D.)
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23
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Yamada K, Kuribayashi K, Inomata N, Noguchi K, Kimitsuki K, Demetria CS, Saito N, Inoue S, Park CH, Kaimori R, Suzuki M, Saito-Obata M, Kamiya Y, Manalo DL, Quiambao BP, Nishizono A. Validation of serum apolipoprotein A1 in rabies virus-infected mice as a biomarker for the preclinical diagnosis of rabies. Microbiol Immunol 2021; 65:438-448. [PMID: 34270107 PMCID: PMC9292310 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Rabies is a type of acute fetal encephalitis caused by rabies virus (RABV). While it becomes incurable after symptom onset, it can be prevented by post‐exposure prophylaxis (PEP) during the long incubation period. While preclinical diagnosis aids the appropriate PEP administration, it is mostly nonfeasible owing to the absence of viremia or a specific antibody response during the incubation period. Here, an attempt was made to identify a serum biomarker for the preclinical diagnosis of rabies. Using the serum from a mouse inoculated intramuscularly (i.m.) with 5 × 105 focus‐forming units (FFU) of recombinant RABV expressing red firefly luciferase (1088/RFLuc) immediately before symptom onset, two‐dimensional differential gel electrophoresis was conducted, followed by mass spectrometry, and it was confirmed that apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1) was up‐regulated. ELISA showed that the serum ApoA1 and specific antibody levels increased during the incubation period and on the day of symptom onset. Since a lower infectious dose can be used to induce the unstable and long incubation period generally observed in natural infection, the ApoA1 level in mice inoculated i.m. with 103 FFU of 1088/RFLuc was examined by monitoring viral dynamics using in vivo imaging. The serum ApoA1 and specific antibody levels were up‐regulated in 50% and 58.3% of mice exhibiting robust RABV replication, respectively, but not in mice exhibiting weak RABV replication. In addition, it was reported that ApoA1 was found to be a biomarker for neuronal damage. Additional biomarker candidates will be needed for the effective preclinical diagnosis of rabies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Yamada
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan.,Laboratory of Veterinary Public Health, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Koji Kuribayashi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan
| | - Naotaka Inomata
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan
| | - Kazuko Noguchi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan
| | - Kazunori Kimitsuki
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan
| | - Catalino S Demetria
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan.,Veterinary Research Department, Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Muntinlupa City, Philippines
| | - Nobuo Saito
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan
| | - Satoshi Inoue
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Aomori, Japan
| | - Chun-Ho Park
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Aomori, Japan
| | - Ryo Kaimori
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan
| | - Motoi Suzuki
- Infectious Disease Surveillance Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mariko Saito-Obata
- Department of Virology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Kamiya
- School of Tropical Medicine & Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Daria L Manalo
- Veterinary Research Department, Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Muntinlupa City, Philippines
| | | | - Akira Nishizono
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan
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24
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Pingale TD, Gupta GL. Novel therapeutic approaches for Parkinson's disease by targeting brain cholesterol homeostasis. J Pharm Pharmacol 2021; 73:862-873. [PMID: 33822122 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgaa063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Human brain is composed of 25% of the cholesterol & any dysfunction in brain cholesterol homeostasis contributes to neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson, Alzheimer's, Huntington's disease, etc. A growing literature indicates that alteration in neurotransmission & brain cholesterol metabolism takes place in the early stage of the disease. The current paper summarizes the role of cholesterol & its homeostasis in the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease. KEY FINDINGS Literature findings suggest the possible role of lipids such as oxysterols, lipoproteins, etc. in Parkinson's disease pathophysiology. Cholesterol performs a diverse role in the brain but any deviation in its levels leads to neurodegeneration. Dysregulation of lipid caused by oxidative stress & inflammation leads to α-synuclein trafficking which contributes to Parkinson's disease progression. Also, α-synuclein by binding to membrane lipid forms lipid-protein complex & results in its aggregation. Different targets such as Phospholipase A2, Stearoyl-CoA desaturase enzyme, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9, etc. have been identified as a potential novel approach for Parkinson's disease treatment. SUMMARY In the current review, we have discussed the possible molecular role of cholesterol homeostasis in Parkinson's disease progression. We also identified potential therapeutic targets that need to be evaluated clinically for the development of Parkinson's treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanvi Dayanand Pingale
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM'S NMIMS, Shirpur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Girdhari Lal Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM'S NMIMS, Shirpur, Maharashtra, India
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25
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Abbasi DA, Nguyen TTA, Hall DA, Robertson-Dick E, Berry-Kravis E, Cologna SM. Characterization of the Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteome in Patients with Fragile X-Associated Tremor/Ataxia Syndrome. THE CEREBELLUM 2021; 21:86-98. [PMID: 34046842 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-021-01262-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS), first described in 2001, is a neurodegenerative and movement disorder, caused by a premutation in the fragile X mental retardation 1 (FMR1) gene. To date, the biological mechanisms causing this condition are still not well understood, as not all premutation carriers develop FXTAS. To further understand this syndrome, we quantitatively compared the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) proteome of FXTAS patients with age-matched controls using mass spectrometry. We identified 415 proteins of which 97 were altered in FXTAS patients. These proteins suggest changes in acute phase response signaling, liver X receptor/ retinoid X receptor (LXR/RXR) activation, and farnesoid X receptor (FXR)/RXR activation, which are the main pathways found to be affected. Additionally, we detected changes in many other proteins including amyloid-like protein 2, contactin-1, afamin, cell adhesion molecule 4, NPC intracellular cholesterol transporter 2, and cathepsin B, that had been previously noted to hold important roles in other movement disorders. Specific to RXR pathways, several apolipoproteins (APOA1, APOA2, APOA4, APOC2, and APOD) showed significant changes in the CSF of FXTAS patients. Lastly, CSF parameters were analyzed to investigate abnormalities in blood brain barrier function. Correlations were observed between patient albumin quotient values, a measure of permeability, and CGG repeat length as well as FXTAS rating scale scores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana A Abbasi
- Department of Pediatrics and Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Thu T A Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois At Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Deborah A Hall
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Erin Robertson-Dick
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Elizabeth Berry-Kravis
- Department of Pediatrics and Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Stephanie M Cologna
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois At Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Laboratory of Integrated Neuroscience, University of Illinois At Chicago, 845 W Taylor Street, Room 4500, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA.
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26
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Choe CU, Petersen E, Lezius S, Cheng B, Schulz R, Buhmann C, Pötter-Nerger M, Daum G, Blankenberg S, Gerloff C, Schwedhelm E, Zeller T. Association of lipid levels with motor and cognitive function and decline in advanced Parkinson's disease in the Mark-PD study. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2021; 85:5-10. [PMID: 33636481 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2021.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In prospective cohort studies different blood lipid fractions have been identified as risk factors of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, data relating lipoproteins to disease phenotypes and progression in advanced PD patients are sparse. Therefore, we assessed the most common lipoproteins in a case-control design and evaluated their associations with motor and cognitive function and decline in PD patients. METHODS Triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C), HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C), apolipoprotein A1 (ApoA1), apolipoprotein B (ApoB), and lipoprotein a (Lp(a)) were analyzed in 294 PD patients of the MARK-PD study cohort and 588 controls matched for age, sex and cardiovascular risk factors. In PD patients, motor (MDS-UPDRS III, Hoehn-Yahr stage) and cognitive function (MoCA) were examined. In a sub-cohort (n = 98 patients), baseline lipid levels were correlated with motor and cognitive disease progression during a follow-up period of 523 ± 199 days. RESULTS At baseline, HDL-C levels were lower in PD patients compared to matched controls after adjustment. We observed a very weak association of Lp(a) levels with UDPRS III scores. In cross-sectional analyses, no other lipid fraction revealed a significant and consistent association with motor or cognitive function. During follow-up, no lipid fraction level was associated with motor or cognitive progression. CONCLUSION In advanced PD, there is no strong and consistent association of lipid levels with motor or cognitive function and decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Un Choe
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Elina Petersen
- Epidemiological Study Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Lezius
- Department of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bastian Cheng
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Robert Schulz
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Carsten Buhmann
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Monika Pötter-Nerger
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Günter Daum
- Department of Vascular Medicine, University Heart and Vascular Center, Hamburg, Germany; German Center of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK); Partner Site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Blankenberg
- German Center of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK); Partner Site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, Hamburg, Germany; Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Gerloff
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Edzard Schwedhelm
- German Center of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK); Partner Site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, Hamburg, Germany; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tanja Zeller
- German Center of Cardiovascular Research (DZHK); Partner Site Hamburg/Lübeck/Kiel, Hamburg, Germany; Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center, Hamburg, Germany
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27
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Virreira Winter S, Karayel O, Strauss MT, Padmanabhan S, Surface M, Merchant K, Alcalay RN, Mann M. Urinary proteome profiling for stratifying patients with familial Parkinson's disease. EMBO Mol Med 2021; 13:e13257. [PMID: 33481347 PMCID: PMC7933820 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202013257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of Parkinson's disease (PD) is increasing but the development of novel treatment strategies and therapeutics altering the course of the disease would benefit from specific, sensitive, and non‐invasive biomarkers to detect PD early. Here, we describe a scalable and sensitive mass spectrometry (MS)‐based proteomic workflow for urinary proteome profiling. Our workflow enabled the reproducible quantification of more than 2,000 proteins in more than 200 urine samples using minimal volumes from two independent patient cohorts. The urinary proteome was significantly different between PD patients and healthy controls, as well as between LRRK2 G2019S carriers and non‐carriers in both cohorts. Interestingly, our data revealed lysosomal dysregulation in individuals with the LRRK2 G2019S mutation. When combined with machine learning, the urinary proteome data alone were sufficient to classify mutation status and disease manifestation in mutation carriers remarkably well, identifying VGF, ENPEP, and other PD‐associated proteins as the most discriminating features. Taken together, our results validate urinary proteomics as a valuable strategy for biomarker discovery and patient stratification in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Virreira Winter
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Ozge Karayel
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Maximilian T Strauss
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | | | - Matthew Surface
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kalpana Merchant
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Roy N Alcalay
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matthias Mann
- Department of Proteomics and Signal Transduction, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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28
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Dai L, Zou L, Meng L, Qiang G, Yan M, Zhang Z. Cholesterol Metabolism in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:2183-2201. [PMID: 33411241 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02232-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cholesterol is an indispensable component of the cell membrane and plays vital roles in critical physiological processes. Brain cholesterol accounts for a large portion of total cholesterol in the human body, and its content must be tightly regulated to ensure normal brain function. Disorders of cholesterol metabolism in the brain are linked to neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), and other atypical cognitive deficits that arise at old age. However, the specific role of cholesterol metabolism disorder in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases has not been fully elucidated. Statins that are a class of lipid-lowering drugs have been reported to have a positive effect on neurodegenerative diseases. Herein, we reviewed the physiological and pathological conditions of cholesterol metabolism and discussed the possible mechanisms of cholesterol metabolism and statin therapy in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Dai
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Li Zou
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Lanxia Meng
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Guifen Qiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Beijing, China
| | - Mingmin Yan
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China
| | - Zhentao Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, China.
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29
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Nazir S, Jankowski V, Bender G, Zewinger S, Rye KA, van der Vorst EP. Interaction between high-density lipoproteins and inflammation: Function matters more than concentration! Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 159:94-119. [PMID: 33080259 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
High-density lipoprotein (HDL) plays an important role in lipid metabolism and especially contributes to the reverse cholesterol transport pathway. Over recent years it has become clear that the effect of HDL on immune-modulation is not only dependent on HDL concentration but also and perhaps even more so on HDL function. This review will provide a concise general introduction to HDL followed by an overview of post-translational modifications of HDL and a detailed overview of the role of HDL in inflammatory diseases. The clinical potential of HDL and its main apolipoprotein constituent, apoA-I, is also addressed in this context. Finally, some conclusions and remarks that are important for future HDL-based research and further development of HDL-focused therapies are discussed.
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30
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Rehiman SH, Lim SM, Neoh CF, Majeed ABA, Chin AV, Tan MP, Kamaruzzaman SB, Ramasamy K. Proteomics as a reliable approach for discovery of blood-based Alzheimer's disease biomarkers: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 60:101066. [PMID: 32294542 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In order to gauge the impact of proteomics in discovery of Alzheimer's disease (AD) blood-based biomarkers, this study had systematically reviewed articles published between 1984-2019. Articles that fulfilled the inclusion criteria were assessed for risk of bias. A meta-analysis was performed for replicable candidate biomarkers (CB). Of the 1651 articles that were identified, 17 case-control and two cohort studies, as well as three combined case-control and longitudinal designs were shortlisted. A total of 207 AD and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) CB were discovered, with 48 reported in >2 studies. This review highlights six CB, namely alpha-2-macroglobulin (α2M)ps, pancreatic polypeptide (PP)ps, apolipoprotein A-1 (ApoA-1)ps, afaminp, insulin growth factor binding protein-2 (IGFBP-2)ps and fibrinogen-γ-chainp, all of which exhibited consistent pattern of regulation in >three independent cohorts. They are involved in AD pathogenesis via amyloid-beta (Aβ), neurofibrillary tangles, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Meta-analysis indicated that ApoA-1ps was significantly downregulated in AD (SMD = -1.52, 95% CI: -1.89, -1.16, p < 0.00001), with low inter-study heterogeneity (I2 = 0%, p = 0.59). α2Mps was significantly upregulated in AD (SMD = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.05, 1.62, p = 0.04), with moderate inter-study heterogeneity (I2 = 41%, p = 0.19). Both CB are involved in Aβ formation. These findings provide important insights into blood-based AD biomarkers discovery via proteomics.
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31
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Yang W, Chang Z, Que R, Weng G, Deng B, Wang T, Huang Z, Xie F, Wei X, Yang Q, Li M, Ma K, Zhou F, Tang B, Mok VCT, Zhu S, Wang Q. Contra-Directional Expression of Plasma Superoxide Dismutase with Lipoprotein Cholesterol and High-Sensitivity C-reactive Protein as Important Markers of Parkinson's Disease Severity. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:53. [PMID: 32210787 PMCID: PMC7068795 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Oxidative stress and inflammation play critical roles in the neuropathogenesis of PD. We aimed to evaluate oxidative stress and inflammation status by measuring serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) with lipoprotein cholesterol and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) respectively in PD patients, and explore their correlation with the disease severity. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study that included 204 PD patients and 204 age-matched healthy controls (HCs). Plasma levels of SOD, hsCRP, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were measured. A series of neuropsychological assessments were performed to rate the severity of PD. Results: The plasma levels of SOD (135.7 ± 20.14 vs. 147.2 ± 24.34, P < 0.0001), total cholesterol, HDL-C and LDL-C in PD were significantly lower than those in HCs; the hsCRP level was remarkably increased in PD compared to HC (2.766 ± 3.242 vs. 1.637 ± 1.597, P < 0.0001). The plasma SOD was negatively correlated with the hsCRP, while positively correlated with total cholesterol, HDL-C, and LDL-C in PD patients. The plasma SOD were negatively correlated with H&Y, total UPDRS, UPDRS (I), UPDRS (II), and UPDRS (III) scores, but positively correlated with MoCA and MMSE scores. Besides, hsCRP was negatively correlated with MoCA; while total cholesterol, HDL-C and LDL-C were positively correlated with the MoCA, respectively. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that lower SOD along with cholesterol, HDL-C and LDL-C, and higher hsCRP levels might be important markers to assess the PD severity. A better understanding of SOD and hsCRP may yield insights into the pathogenesis of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanlin Yang
- Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zihan Chang
- Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rongfang Que
- Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guomei Weng
- Department of Neurology, The First People Hospital of Zhaoqing, Zhaoqing, China
| | - Bin Deng
- Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zifeng Huang
- Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fen Xie
- Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaobo Wei
- Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qin Yang
- Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengyan Li
- Department of Neurology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kefu Ma
- Department of Neurology, Shenzhen People Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fengli Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Beisha Tang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Vincent C T Mok
- Gerald Choa Neuroscience Centre, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China
| | - Shuzhen Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Schaeffer E, Postuma RB, Berg D. Prodromal PD: A new nosological entity. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2020; 252:331-356. [PMID: 32247370 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2020.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Recent years have brought a rapid growth in knowledge of the prodromal phase of Parkinson's disease (PD). It is now clear that the clinical phase of PD is preceded by a phase of progressing neurodegeneration lasting many years. This involves not only central nervous system structures outside the substantia nigra and neurotransmitter systems other than the dopaminergic system, but also the peripheral nervous systems. Different ways of alpha-synuclein spreading are presumed, corresponding to typical prodromal non-motor symptoms like constipation, REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) and hyposmia. Moreover, many risk and prodromal markers have been identified and combined in the prodromal research criteria, which can be used to calculate an individual's probability of being in the prodromal phase of PD. Apart from specific genetic risk markers, including most importantly GBA- and LRRK2 mutations, RBD is currently the most important prodromal marker, predicting PD with a very high likelihood. This makes individuals with RBD a promising cohort for future clinical trials to detect and treat PD in its prodromal phase. New markers, especially those derived from tissue biopsies, quantitative motor assessment and imaging, appear very promising; these are paving the way for a better understanding of the prodromal phase and its potential clinicopathological subtypes, and a more precise probability calculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Schaeffer
- Department of Neurology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Ronald B Postuma
- Department of Neurology, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Daniela Berg
- Department of Neurology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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Rajpoot K. Nanotechnology-based Targeting of Neurodegenerative Disorders: A Promising Tool for Efficient Delivery of Neuromedicines. Curr Drug Targets 2020; 21:819-836. [PMID: 31906836 DOI: 10.2174/1389450121666200106105633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Traditional drug delivery approaches remained ineffective in offering better treatment to various neurodegenerative disorders (NDs). In this context, diverse types of nanocarriers have shown their great potential to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and have emerged as a prominent carrier system in drug delivery. Moreover, nanotechnology-based methods usually involve numerous nanosized carrier platforms, which potentiate the effect of the therapeutic agents in the therapy of NDs especially in diagnosis and drug delivery with negligible side effects. In addition, nanotechnology-based techniques have offered several strategies to cross BBB to intensify the bioavailability of drug moieties in the brain. In the last few years, diverse kinds of nanoparticles (NPs) have been developed by incorporating various biocompatible components (e.g., polysaccharide-based NPs, polymeric NPs, selenium NPs, AuNPs, protein-based NPs, gadolinium NPs, etc.), that showed great therapeutic benefits against NDs. Eventually, this review provides deep insights to explore recent applications of some innovative nanocarriers enclosing active molecules for the efficient treatment of NDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuldeep Rajpoot
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Ghasidas Vishwavidyalaya (A Central University), Bilaspur, 495 009, Chhattisgarh, India
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Lawton M, Baig F, Toulson G, Morovat A, Evetts SG, Ben-Shlomo Y, Hu MT. Blood biomarkers with Parkinson's disease clusters and prognosis: The oxford discovery cohort. Mov Disord 2019; 35:279-287. [PMID: 31693246 PMCID: PMC7028059 DOI: 10.1002/mds.27888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Predicting prognosis in Parkinson's disease (PD) has important implications for individual prognostication and clinical trials design and targeting novel treatments. Blood biomarkers could help in this endeavor. Methods We identified 4 blood biomarkers that might predict prognosis: apolipoprotein A1, C‐reactive protein, uric acid and vitamin D. These biomarkers were measured in baseline serum from 624 Parkinson's disease subjects (median disease duration, 1.0 years; interquartile range, 0.5–2.0) from the Oxford Discovery prospective cohort. We compared these biomarkers against PD subtypes derived from clinical features in the baseline cohort using data‐driven approaches. We used multilevel models with MDS‐UPDRS parts I, II, and III and Montreal Cognitive Assessment as outcomes to test whether the biomarkers predicted subsequent progression in motor and nonmotor domains. We compared the biomarkers against age of PD onset and age at diagnosis. The q value, a false‐discovery rate alternative to P values, was calculated as an adjustment for multiple comparisons. Results Apolipoprotein A1 and C‐reactive protein levels differed across our PD subtypes, with severe motor disease phenotype, poor psychological well‐being, and poor sleep subtype having reduced apolipoprotein A1 and higher C‐reactive protein levels. Reduced apolipoprotein A1, higher C‐reactive protein, and reduced vitamin D were associated with worse baseline activities of daily living (MDS‐UPDRS II). Conclusion Baseline clinical subtyping identified a pro‐inflammatory biomarker profile significantly associated with a severe motor/nonmotor disease phenotype, lending biological validity to subtyping approaches. No blood biomarker predicted motor or nonmotor prognosis. © 2019 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Lawton
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Fahd Baig
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Clinical Neurology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Greg Toulson
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Alireza Morovat
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Samuel G Evetts
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Clinical Neurology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Yoav Ben-Shlomo
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Michele T Hu
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Clinical Neurology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Department of Clinical Neurology, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
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35
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Jin U, Park SJ, Park SM. Cholesterol Metabolism in the Brain and Its Association with Parkinson's Disease. Exp Neurobiol 2019; 28:554-567. [PMID: 31698548 PMCID: PMC6844833 DOI: 10.5607/en.2019.28.5.554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most progressive neurodegenerative disorder of the aging population after Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Defects in the lysosomal systems and mitochondria have been suspected to cause the pathogenesis of PD. Nevertheless, the pathogenesis of PD remains obscure. Abnormal cholesterol metabolism is linked to numerous disorders, including atherosclerosis. The brain contains the highest level of cholesterol in the body and abnormal cholesterol metabolism links also many neurodegenerative disorders such as AD, PD, Huntington’s disease (HD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The blood brain barrier effectively prevents uptake of lipoprotein-bound cholesterol from blood circulation. Accordingly, cholesterol level in the brain is independent from that in peripheral tissues. Because cholesterol metabolism in both peripheral tissue and the brain are quite different, cholesterol metabolism associated with neurodegeneration should be examined separately from that in peripheral tissues. Here, we review and compare cholesterol metabolism in the brain and peripheral tissues. Furthermore, the relationship between alterations in cholesterol metabolism and PD pathogenesis is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uram Jin
- Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea.,Center for Convergence Research of Neurological Disorders, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea.,Department of Cardiology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Soo Jin Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea.,Center for Convergence Research of Neurological Disorders, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea.,Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Sang Myun Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea.,Center for Convergence Research of Neurological Disorders, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea.,BK21 Plus Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea
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36
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Bahrami A, Barreto GE, Lombardi G, Pirro M, Sahebkar A. Emerging roles for high-density lipoproteins in neurodegenerative disorders. Biofactors 2019; 45:725-739. [PMID: 31301192 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Lipoproteins are the complexes of different lipids and proteins, which are devoted to the transport and clearance of lipids or lipid-related molecules in the circulation. Lipoproteins have been found to play a crucial role in brain function and may influence myelination process. Among lipoproteins, high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) and their major protein component, apoA-I, are directly involved in cholesterol efflux in the brain. It has been suggested that inadequate or dysfunctional brain HDLs may contribute to cerebrovascular dysfunctions, neurodegeneration, or neurovascular instability. HDL deficiency could also promote cognitive decline through impacting on atherosclerotic risk. The focus of this review is to discuss knowledge on HDL dysregulation in neurological disorders. A better understanding on how changes in cellular HDL and apolipoprotein homeostasis affect central nervous system function may provide promising novel avenues for the treatment of specific HDL-related neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsane Bahrami
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - George E Barreto
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gemma Lombardi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Matteo Pirro
- Unit of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Mesa-Herrera F, Taoro-González L, Valdés-Baizabal C, Diaz M, Marín R. Lipid and Lipid Raft Alteration in Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Window for the Development of New Biomarkers. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3810. [PMID: 31382686 PMCID: PMC6696273 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/1970] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipids in the brain are major components playing structural functions as well as physiological roles in nerve cells, such as neural communication, neurogenesis, synaptic transmission, signal transduction, membrane compartmentalization, and regulation of gene expression. Determination of brain lipid composition may provide not only essential information about normal brain functioning, but also about changes with aging and diseases. Indeed, deregulations of specific lipid classes and lipid homeostasis have been demonstrated in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Furthermore, recent studies have shown that membrane microdomains, named lipid rafts, may change their composition in correlation with neuronal impairment. Lipid rafts are key factors for signaling processes for cellular responses. Lipid alteration in these signaling platforms may correlate with abnormal protein distribution and aggregation, toxic cell signaling, and other neuropathological events related with these diseases. This review highlights the manner lipid changes in lipid rafts may participate in the modulation of neuropathological events related to AD and PD. Understanding and characterizing these changes may contribute to the development of novel and specific diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in routinely clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fátima Mesa-Herrera
- Laboratory of Membrane Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Animal Biology, Edaphology and Geology
| | - Lucas Taoro-González
- Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Section of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of La Laguna, Sta. Cruz de Tenerife 38200, Spain
| | - Catalina Valdés-Baizabal
- Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Section of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of La Laguna, Sta. Cruz de Tenerife 38200, Spain
| | - Mario Diaz
- Laboratory of Membrane Physiology and Biophysics, Department of Animal Biology, Edaphology and Geology
- Associate Research Unit ULL-CSIC "Membrane Physiology and Biophysics in Neurodegenerative and Cancer Diseases", University of La Laguna, Sta. Cruz de Tenerife 38200, Spain
| | - Raquel Marín
- Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Section of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of La Laguna, Sta. Cruz de Tenerife 38200, Spain.
- Associate Research Unit ULL-CSIC "Membrane Physiology and Biophysics in Neurodegenerative and Cancer Diseases", University of La Laguna, Sta. Cruz de Tenerife 38200, Spain.
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38
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Mantri S, Morley JF, Siderowf AD. The importance of preclinical diagnostics in Parkinson disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2019; 64:20-28. [DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2018.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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39
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Xie F, Gao X, Yang W, Chang Z, Yang X, Wei X, Huang Z, Xie H, Yue Z, Zhou F, Wang Q. Advances in the Research of Risk Factors and Prodromal Biomarkers of Parkinson's Disease. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:973-990. [PMID: 30590011 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease in the world. With the advent of an aging population and improving life expectancy worldwide, the number of PD patients is expected to increase, which may lead to an urgent need for effective preventive and diagnostic strategies for PD. Although there is increasing research regarding the pathogenesis of PD, there is limited knowledge regarding the prevention of PD. Moreover, the diagnosis of PD depends on clinical criteria, which require the occurrence of bradykinesia and at least one symptom of rest tremor or rigidity. However, converging evidence from clinical, genetic, neuropathological, and imaging studies suggests the initiation of PD-specific pathology prior to the initial presentation of these classical motor clinical features by years or decades. This latent stage of neurodegeneration in PD is a particularly important stage for effective neuroprotective therapies, which might retard the progression or prevent the onset of PD. Therefore, the exploration of risk factors and premotor biomarkers is not only crucial to the early diagnosis of PD but is also helpful in the development of effective neuroprotection and health care strategies for appropriate populations at risk for PD. In this review, we searched and summarized ∼249 researches and 31 reviews focusing on the risk factors and prodromal biomarkers of PD and published in MEDLINE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Xie
- Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Gongye Road 253, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoya Gao
- Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Gongye Road 253, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, P. R. China
| | - Wanlin Yang
- Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Gongye Road 253, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, P. R. China
| | - Zihan Chang
- Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Gongye Road 253, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohua Yang
- Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Gongye Road 253, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, P. R. China
| | - Xiaobo Wei
- Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Gongye Road 253, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, P. R. China
| | - Zifeng Huang
- Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Gongye Road 253, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, P. R. China
| | - Huifang Xie
- Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Gongye Road 253, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, P. R. China
| | - Zhenyu Yue
- Department of Neurology, Friedman Brain Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1470 Madison Avenue, Hess Research Center Ninth Floor, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Fengli Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Neurology, Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Gongye Road 253, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510280, P. R. China
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Dwivedi N, Shah J, Mishra V, Tambuwala M, Kesharwani P. Nanoneuromedicine for management of neurodegenerative disorder. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2018.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by a progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons from the nigrostriatal pathway, formation of Lewy bodies, and microgliosis. During the past decades multiple cellular pathways have been associated with PD pathology (i.e., oxidative stress, endosomal-lysosomal dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and immune response), yet disease-modifying treatments are not available. We have recently used genetic data from familial and sporadic cases in an unbiased approach to build a molecular landscape for PD, revealing lipids as central players in this disease. Here we extensively review the current knowledge concerning the involvement of various subclasses of fatty acyls, glycerolipids, glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, sterols, and lipoproteins in PD pathogenesis. Our review corroborates a central role for most lipid classes, but the available information is fragmented, not always reproducible, and sometimes differs by sex, age or PD etiology of the patients. This hinders drawing firm conclusions about causal or associative effects of dietary lipids or defects in specific steps of lipid metabolism in PD. Future technological advances in lipidomics and additional systematic studies on lipid species from PD patient material may improve this situation and lead to a better appreciation of the significance of lipids for this devastating disease.
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42
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Mehta S, Shree R, Mulagala M, Sood A, Modi M, Goyal M, Goyal G, Medhi B, Mittal B, Lal V. Role of DJ-1 and Apo A1 as biomarkers in Parkinson’s disease: an observational case-control study. ANNALS OF MOVEMENT DISORDERS 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/aomd.aomd_23_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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43
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Katunina EA, Ilina EP, Sadekhova GA, Gaisenuk EI. Approaches to early diagnosis of Parkinson's disease. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2019; 119:119-127. [DOI: 10.17116/jnevro2019119061119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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44
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Sanguansermsri P, Jenkinson HF, Thanasak J, Chairatvit K, Roytrakul S, Kittisenachai S, Puengsurin D, Surarit R. Comparative proteomic study of dog and human saliva. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0208317. [PMID: 30513116 PMCID: PMC6279226 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Saliva contains many proteins that have an important role in biological process of the oral cavity and is closely associated with many diseases. Although the dog is a common companion animal, the composition of salivary proteome and its relationship with that of human are unclear. In this study, shotgun proteomics was used to compare the salivary proteomes of 7 Thai village dogs and 7 human subjects. Salivary proteomes revealed 2,532 differentially expressed proteins in dogs and humans, representing various functions including cellular component organization or biogenesis, cellular process, localization, biological regulation, response to stimulus, developmental process, multicellular organismal process, metabolic process, immune system process, apoptosis and biological adhesion. The oral proteomes of dogs and humans were appreciably different. Proteins related to apoptosis processes and biological adhesion were predominated in dog saliva. Drug-target network predictions by STITCH Version 5.0 showed that dog salivary proteins were found to have potential roles in tumorigenesis, anti-inflammation and antimicrobial processes. In addition, proteins related to regeneration and healing processes such as fibroblast growth factor and epidermal growth factor were also up-regulated in dogs. These findings provide new information on dog saliva composition and will be beneficial for the study of dog saliva in diseased and health conditions in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phutsa Sanguansermsri
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | | | - Jitkamol Thanasak
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Kongthawat Chairatvit
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sittiruk Roytrakul
- Proteomics Research Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Suthathip Kittisenachai
- Proteomics Research Laboratory, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | | | - Rudee Surarit
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- * E-mail:
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T. dos Santos MC, Scheller D, Schulte C, Mesa IR, Colman P, Bujac SR, Bell R, Berteau C, Perez LT, Lachmann I, Berg D, Maetzler W, Nogueira da Costa A. Evaluation of cerebrospinal fluid proteins as potential biomarkers for early stage Parkinson's disease diagnosis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206536. [PMID: 30383831 PMCID: PMC6211693 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has often been used as the source of choice for biomarker discovery with the goal to support the diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases. For this study, we selected 15 CSF protein markers which were identified in previously published clinical investigations and proposed as potential biomarkers for PD diagnosis. We aimed at investigating and confirming their suitability for early stage diagnosis of the disease. The current study was performed in a two-fold confirmatory approach. Firstly, the CSF protein markers were analysed in confirmatory cohort I comprising 80 controls and 80 early clinical PD patients. Through univariate analysis we found significant changes of six potential biomarkers (α-syn, DJ-1, Aβ42, S100β, p-Tau and t-Tau). In order to increase robustness of the observations for potential patient differentiation, we developed-based on a machine learning approach-an algorithm which enabled identifying a panel of markers which would improve clinical diagnosis. Based on that model, a panel comprised of α-syn, S100β and UCHL1 were suggested as promising candidates. Secondly, we aimed at replicating our observations in an independent cohort (confirmatory cohort II) comprising 30 controls and 30 PD patients. The univariate analysis demonstrated Aβ42 as the only reproducible potential biomarker. Taking into account both technical and clinical aspects, these observations suggest that the large majority of the investigated CSF proteins currently proposed as potential biomarkers lack robustness and reproducibility in supporting diagnosis in the early clinical stages of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Claudia Schulte
- Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Department of Neurodegeneration, University of Tuebingen and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Irene R. Mesa
- Exploratory Statistics, Global Exploratory Development, UCB Pharma SA, Slough, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Colman
- Exploratory Statistics, Global Exploratory Development, UCB Pharma SA, Slough, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah R. Bujac
- Exploratory Statistics, Global Exploratory Development, UCB Pharma SA, Slough, United Kingdom
| | - Rosie Bell
- Translational Medicine, UCB Biopharma SPRL, Braine L’Alleud, Belgium
| | - Caroline Berteau
- Translational Medicine, UCB Biopharma SPRL, Braine L’Alleud, Belgium
| | - Luis Tosar Perez
- Bioanalytical Sciences, Non Clinical Development, UCB Biopharma SPRL, Braine L’Alleud, Belgium
| | | | - Daniela Berg
- Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Department of Neurodegeneration, University of Tuebingen and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tuebingen, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Walter Maetzler
- Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Department of Neurodegeneration, University of Tuebingen and German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tuebingen, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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Cova I, Priori A. Diagnostic biomarkers for Parkinson's disease at a glance: where are we? J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2018; 125:1417-1432. [PMID: 30145631 PMCID: PMC6132920 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-018-1910-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder whose aetiology remains unclear: degeneration involves several neurotransmission systems, resulting in a heterogeneous disease characterized by motor and non-motor symptoms. PD causes progressive disability that responds only to symptomatic therapies. Future advances include neuroprotective strategies for use in at-risk populations before the clinical onset of disease, hence the continuing need to identify reliable biomarkers that can facilitate the clinical diagnosis of PD. In this evaluative review, we summarize information on potential diagnostic biomarkers for use in the clinical and preclinical stages of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Cova
- Neurology Unit, L. Sacco University Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Priori
- Department of Health Sciences, "Aldo Ravelli" Research Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics, University of Milan and ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, Milan, Italy.
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Chen-Plotkin AS, Albin R, Alcalay R, Babcock D, Bajaj V, Bowman D, Buko A, Cedarbaum J, Chelsky D, Cookson MR, Dawson TM, Dewey R, Foroud T, Frasier M, German D, Gwinn K, Huang X, Kopil C, Kremer T, Lasch S, Marek K, Marto JA, Merchant K, Mollenhauer B, Naito A, Potashkin J, Reimer A, Rosenthal LS, Saunders-Pullman R, Scherzer CR, Sherer T, Singleton A, Sutherland M, Thiele I, van der Brug M, Van Keuren-Jensen K, Vaillancourt D, Walt D, West A, Zhang J. Finding useful biomarkers for Parkinson's disease. Sci Transl Med 2018; 10:eaam6003. [PMID: 30111645 PMCID: PMC6097233 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aam6003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The recent advent of an "ecosystem" of shared biofluid sample biorepositories and data sets will focus biomarker efforts in Parkinson's disease, boosting the therapeutic development pipeline and enabling translation with real-world impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice S Chen-Plotkin
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Roger Albin
- Neurology Service and GRECC, VAAHS, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Roy Alcalay
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Debra Babcock
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20824, USA
| | - Vikram Bajaj
- Verily/Google Life Sciences, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Dubois Bowman
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Alex Buko
- Human Metabolome Technology-America, Boston, MA 02134, USA
| | | | | | - Mark R Cookson
- Cell Biology and Gene Expression Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute of Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ted M Dawson
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Richard Dewey
- Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Tatiana Foroud
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Mark Frasier
- The Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research, New York, NY 10163, USA
| | - Dwight German
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Katrina Gwinn
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20824, USA
| | - Xuemei Huang
- Department of Neurology, Penn State University-Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Catherine Kopil
- The Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research, New York, NY 10163, USA
| | - Thomas Kremer
- Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, NORD Discovery and Translational Area, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., 4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Shirley Lasch
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Ken Marek
- Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Jarrod A Marto
- Departments of Cancer Biology and Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Blais Proteomics Center, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | | | - Brit Mollenhauer
- Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik, 34128 Kassel, Germany
- University Medical Center, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Anna Naito
- The Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research, New York, NY 10163, USA
| | - Judith Potashkin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, Chicago, IL 60064, USA
| | - Alyssa Reimer
- The Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research, New York, NY 10163, USA
| | - Liana S Rosenthal
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Rachel Saunders-Pullman
- Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai Beth Israel, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Clemens R Scherzer
- Center for Advanced Parkinson's Disease Research and Precision Neurology Program, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Todd Sherer
- The Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research, New York, NY 10163, USA
| | - Andrew Singleton
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Margaret Sutherland
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20824, USA
| | - Ines Thiele
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | | | | | - David Vaillancourt
- Department of Applied Physiology, Biomedical Engineering, and Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - David Walt
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Andrew West
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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Peripheral Biomarkers for Early Detection of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Diseases. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:2256-2277. [PMID: 30008073 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1151-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Neurological disorders are found to be influencing the peripheral tissues outside CNS. Recent developments in biomarkers for CNS have emerged with various diagnostic and therapeutic shortcomings. The role of central biomarkers including CSF-based and molecular imaging-based probes are still unclear for early diagnosis of major neurological diseases. Current trends show that early detection of neurodegenerative diseases with non-invasive methods is a major focus of researchers, and the development of biomarkers aiming peripheral tissues is in demand. Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases are known for the progressive loss in neural structures or functions, including the neural death. Various dysfunctions of metabolic and biochemical pathways are associated with early occurrence of neuro-disorders in peripheral tissues including skin, blood cells, and eyes. This article reviews the peripheral biomarkers explored for early detection of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases including blood cells, skin fibroblast, proteomics, saliva, olfactory, stomach and colon, heart and peripheral nervous system, and others. Graphical Abstract.
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Li L, Liu MS, Li GQ, Tang J, Liao Y, Zheng Y, Guo TL, Kang X, Yuan MT. Relationship between Apolipoprotein Superfamily and Parkinson's Disease. Chin Med J (Engl) 2018; 130:2616-2623. [PMID: 29067960 PMCID: PMC5678263 DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.217092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Parkinson's disease (PD) is featured with motor disorder and nonmotor manifestations including psychological symptoms, autonomic nervous system dysfunction, and paresthesia, which results in great inconvenience to the patients’ life. The apolipoprotein (Apo) superfamily, as a group of potentially modifiable biomarkers in clinical practice, is of increasing significance in the diagnosis, evaluation, and prognosis of PD. The present review summarized the current understanding and emerging findings of the relationship between Apo superfamily and PD. Data Sources: All literatures were identified by systematically searching PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane electronic databases with terms “Parkinson disease,” “apolipoprotein,” and their synonyms until May 2017. Study Selection: We have thoroughly examined titles and abstracts of all the literatures that met our search strategy and the full text if the research is identified or not so definite. Reference lists of retrieved articles were also scrutinized for additional relevant studies. Results: The levels of plasma ApoA1 are inversely correlated with the risk of PD and the lower levels of ApoA1 trend toward association with poorer motor performance. Higher ApoD expression in neurons represents more puissant protection against PD, which is critical in delaying the neurodegeneration process of PD. It is suggested that APOE alleles are related to development and progression of cognitive decline and age of PD onset, but conclusions are not completely identical, which may be attributed to different ApoE isoforms. APOJ gene expressions are upregulated in PD patients and it is possible that high ApoJ level is an indicator of PD dementia and correlates with specific phenotypic variations in PD. Conclusions: The Apo superfamily has been proved to be closely involved in the initiation, progression, and prognosis of PD. Apos and their genes are of great value in predicting the susceptibility of PD and hopeful to become the target of medical intervention to prevent the onset of PD or slow down the progress. Therefore, further large-scale studies are warranted to elucidate the precise mechanisms of Apos in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Ming-Su Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Guang-Qin Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jie Tang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yan Liao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Yang Zheng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Tong-Li Guo
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xin Kang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Mao-Ting Yuan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
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50
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Santiago JA, Bottero V, Potashkin JA. Evaluation of RNA Blood Biomarkers in the Parkinson's Disease Biomarkers Program. Front Aging Neurosci 2018; 10:157. [PMID: 29896099 PMCID: PMC5986959 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2018.00157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a high misdiagnosis rate between Parkinson’s disease (PD) and atypical parkinsonian disorders (APD), such as progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), the second most common parkinsonian syndrome. In our earlier studies, we identified and replicated RNA blood biomarkers in several independent cohorts, however, replication in a cohort that includes PSP patients has not yet been performed. To this end, we evaluated the diagnostic potential of nine previously identified RNA biomarkers using quantitative PCR assays in 138 blood samples at baseline from PD, PSP and healthy controls (HCs) nested in the PD Biomarkers Program. Linear discriminant analysis showed that COPZ1 and PTPN1 distinguished PD from PSP patients with 62.5% accuracy. Five biomarkers, PTPN1, COPZ1, FAXDC2, SLC14A1s and NAMPT were useful for distinguishing PSP from controls with 69% accuracy. Several biomarkers correlated with clinical features in PD patients. SLC14A1-s correlated with Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale total and part III scores. In addition, COPZ1, PTPN1 and MLST8, correlated with Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Interestingly, COPZ1, EFTUD2 and PTPN1 were downregulated in cognitively impaired (CI) compared to normal subjects. Linear discriminant analysis showed that age, PTPN1, COPZ1, FAXDC2, EFTUD2 and MLST8 distinguished CI from normal subjects with 65.9% accuracy. These results suggest that COPZ1 and PTPN1 are useful for distinguishing PD from PSP patients. In addition, the combination of PTPN1, COPZ1, FAXDC2, EFTUD2 and MLST8 is a useful signature for cognitive impairment. Evaluation of these biomarkers in a larger study will be a key to advancing these biomarkers into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose A Santiago
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, The Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Virginie Bottero
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, The Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Judith A Potashkin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, The Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, United States
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