1
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Kametani F, Tahira M, Takao M, Matsubara T, Hasegawa K, Yoshida M, Saito Y, Murayama S, Hasegawa M. Analysis and comparison of post-translational modifications of α-synuclein filaments in multiple system atrophy and dementia with Lewy bodies. Sci Rep 2024; 14:22892. [PMID: 39358446 PMCID: PMC11446954 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-74130-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 09/24/2024] [Indexed: 10/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Our previous cryogenic electron microscopy (cryoEM) analysis showed that the core structures of α-synuclein filaments accumulated in brains of patients diagnosed with dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and multiple system atrophy (MSA) patients are different. We analyzed the post-translational modifications (PTMs) in these filaments , and examined their relationship with the core filament structures and pathological features. Besides the common PTMs in MSA and DLB filaments, acetylation, methylation, oxidation and phosphorylation were frequently detected in MSA filaments, but not in DLB filaments. Furthermore, in DLB filament cases, the processing occurred at the C-terminal side of Asp at 119 residue and Asn at 122 residue, while in MSA cases, the processing occurred at multiple sites between residues 109-123. We have previously reported that PTMs in tau filaments depend on the filament core structure. This was considered to apply to α-synuclein filaments as well. As an example, PTMs including processing sites detected in α-synuclein filaments in early-onset DLB (an atypical form, now named juvenile-onset α-synucleinopathy) brain also supported this idea. These suggests that PTMs appeared to be closely related to the specific filament core structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuyuki Kametani
- Department of Brain and Neurosciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan.
| | - Marina Tahira
- Department of Brain and Neurosciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan
| | - Masaki Takao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory and Internal Medicine, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Neurology and Brain Bank, Mihara Memorial Hospital, Isesaki, Japan
| | - Tomoyasu Matsubara
- Department of Neuropathology (Brain Bank for Aging Research), Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuko Hasegawa
- Division of Neurology, Sagamihara National Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Mari Yoshida
- Institute for Medical Science of Aging, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Yuko Saito
- Department of Neuropathology (Brain Bank for Aging Research), Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeo Murayama
- Department of Neuropathology (Brain Bank for Aging Research), Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
- Molecular Research Center for Children's Mental Development, United Graduate School of Child Development, University of Osaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masato Hasegawa
- Department of Brain and Neurosciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan
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2
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Lázaro DF, Lee VMY. Navigating through the complexities of synucleinopathies: Insights into pathogenesis, heterogeneity, and future perspectives. Neuron 2024; 112:3029-3042. [PMID: 38861985 PMCID: PMC11427175 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2024.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
The aggregation of alpha-synuclein (aSyn) represents a neuropathological hallmark observed in a group of neurodegenerative disorders collectively known as synucleinopathies. Despite their shared characteristics, these disorders manifest diverse clinical and pathological phenotypes. The mechanism underlying this heterogeneity is thought to be due to the diversity in the aSyn strains present across the diseases. In this perspective, we will explore recent findings on aSyn strains and discuss recent discoveries about Lewy bodies' composition. We further discuss the current hypothesis for aSyn spreading and emphasize the emerging biomarker field demonstrating promising results. A comprehension of these mechanisms holds substantial promise for future clinical applications. This understanding can pave the way for the development of personalized medicine strategies, specifically targeting the unique underlying causes of each synucleinopathy. Such advancements can revolutionize therapeutic approaches and significantly contribute to more effective interventions in the intricate landscape of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana F Lázaro
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine at University of Pennsylvania, 3600 Spruce Street, 3 Maloney Building, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Virginia M-Y Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute on Aging and Center for Neurodegenerative Disease Research, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine at University of Pennsylvania, 3600 Spruce Street, 3 Maloney Building, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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3
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Kim Y, McInnes J, Kim J, Liang YHW, Veeraragavan S, Garza AR, Belfort BDW, Arenkiel B, Samaco R, Zoghbi HY. Olfactory deficit and gastrointestinal dysfunction precede motor abnormalities in alpha-Synuclein G51D knock-in mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2406479121. [PMID: 39284050 PMCID: PMC11441490 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2406479121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 10/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is typically a sporadic late-onset disorder, which has made it difficult to model in mice. Several transgenic mouse models bearing mutations in SNCA, which encodes alpha-Synuclein (α-Syn), have been made, but these lines do not express SNCA in a physiologically accurate spatiotemporal pattern, which limits the ability of the mice to recapitulate the features of human PD. Here, we generated knock-in mice bearing the G51D SNCA mutation. After establishing that their motor symptoms begin at 9 mo of age, we then sought earlier pathologies. We assessed the phosphorylation at Serine 129 of α-Syn in different tissues and detected phospho-α-Syn in the olfactory bulb and enteric nervous system at 3 mo of age. Olfactory deficit and impaired gut transit followed at 6 mo, preceding motor symptoms. The SncaG51D mice thus parallel the progression of human PD and will enable us to study PD pathogenesis and test future therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- YoungDoo Kim
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Joseph McInnes
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Jiyoen Kim
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Yan Hong Wei Liang
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Surabi Veeraragavan
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Alexandra Rae Garza
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Benjamin David Webst Belfort
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Benjamin Arenkiel
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Rodney Samaco
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Huda Yahya Zoghbi
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute at Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030
- Department of Neuroscience, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
- Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
- HHMI, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
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4
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Sanchez JC, Pierson J, Borcik CG, Rienstra CM, Wright ER. High-Resolution Cryo-EM Structure Determination of α-synuclein - A Prototypical Amyloid Fibril. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.09.18.613698. [PMID: 39345396 PMCID: PMC11429748 DOI: 10.1101/2024.09.18.613698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
The physiological role of α-synuclein (α-syn), an intrinsically disordered presynaptic neuronal protein, is believed to impact the release of neurotransmitters through interactions with the SNARE complex. However, under certain cellular conditions that are not well understood, α-syn will self-assemble into β-sheet rich fibrils that accumulate and form insoluble neuronal inclusions. Studies of patient derived brain tissues have concluded that these inclusions are associated with Parkinson's disease, the second most common neurodegenerative disorder, and other synuclein related diseases called synucleinopathies. In addition, repetitions of and specific mutations to the SNCA gene, the gene that encodes α-syn, results in an increased disposition for synucleinopathies. The latest advances in cryo-EM structure determination and real-space helical reconstruction methods have resulted in over 60 in vitro structures of α-syn fibrils solved to date, with a handful of these reaching a resolution below 2.5 Å. Here, we provide a protocol for α-syn protein expression, purification, and fibrilization. We detail how sample quality is assessed by negative stain transmission electron microscopy (NS-TEM) analysis and followed by sample vitrification using the Vitrobot Mark IV vitrification robot. We provide a detailed step by step protocol for high resolution cryo-EM structure determination of α-syn fibrils using RELION and a series of specialized helical reconstruction tools that can be run within RELION. Finally, we detail how ChimeraX, Coot, and Phenix are used to build and refine a molecular model into the high resolution cryo-EM map. This workflow resulted in a 2.04 Å structure of α-syn fibrils with excellent resolution of residues 36 to 97 and an additional island of density for residues 15 to 22 that had not been previously reported. This workflow should serve as a starting point for individuals new to the neurodegeneration and structural biology fields. Together, this procedure lays the foundation for advanced structural studies of α-synuclein and other amyloid fibrils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan C. Sanchez
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA 53706
- Biophysics Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA 53706
- Biotechnology Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA 53706
| | - Josh Pierson
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA 53706
| | - Collin G. Borcik
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA 53706
- National Magnetic Resonance Facility at Madison, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA 53706
| | - Chad M. Rienstra
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA 53706
- Biophysics Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA 53706
- Biotechnology Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA 53706
- National Magnetic Resonance Facility at Madison, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA 53706
- Morgridge Institute for Research, UW-Madison, Madison, WI, USA, 53715
| | - Elizabeth R. Wright
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA 53706
- Biophysics Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA 53706
- Biotechnology Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA 53706
- Cryo-Electron Microscopy Research Center, UW-Madison, Madison, WI, USA, 53706
- Midwest Center for Cryo-Electron Tomography, Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA, 53706
- Morgridge Institute for Research, UW-Madison, Madison, WI, USA, 53715
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5
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Horgan NG, McCarty AM, Hetak AA, Penticoff HB, Fortin JS. Understanding alpha-synuclein aggregation propensity in animals and humans. Biochem Biophys Rep 2024; 39:101810. [PMID: 39224226 PMCID: PMC11367636 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2024.101810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Alpha-synuclein (α-syn) aggregation plays a critical role in the pathogenicity of Parkinson's Disease (PD). This study aims to evaluate the aggregation propensity of α-syn fragment peptides designed using the variability found in humans and animals. Thioflavin T (ThT) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to validate the formation of fibrils to identify important amino acid residues. Human α-syn fragments 51-75, 37-61, 62-86, 76-100, and 116-140 demonstrate a significantly higher tendency to aggregate compared to fragments 1-25, 26-50, and 91-115. All species analyzed of the α-syn 37-61 and 62-86 regions were shown to form fibrils on both ThT and TEM. The α-syn 37-61 and 62-86 fragment regions exhibited a high susceptibility to aggregation, with fibril formation observed in all species. The A53T mutation in several α-syn 37-61 fragments may enhance their propensity for aggregation, suggesting a correlation between this mutation and the capacity for fibril formation. Furthermore, the presence of the non-amyloid-β component (NAC) region, specifically in α-syn 62-86, was consistently observed in several fragments that displayed fibril formation, indicating a potential correlation between the NAC region and the process of fibril formation in α-syn. Finally, the combination of a high quantity of valine and a low quantity of acidic amino acids in these fragments may serve as indicators of α-syn fibril formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie G. Horgan
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47906, United States
| | - Annie M. McCarty
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47906, United States
| | - Ashley A. Hetak
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA, 48824, United States
| | - Hailey B. Penticoff
- Department of Pathobiology and Diagnostic Investigation, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA, 48824, United States
| | - Jessica S. Fortin
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47906, United States
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6
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Tripathi A, Alnakhala H, Brontesi L, Selkoe D, Dettmer U. RXR nuclear receptor signaling modulates lipid metabolism and triggers lysosomal clearance of alpha-synuclein in neuronal models of synucleinopathy. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:362. [PMID: 39162859 PMCID: PMC11336128 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05373-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
Disease-modifying strategies for Parkinson disease (PD), the most common synucleinopathy, represent a critical unmet medical need. Accumulation of the neuronal protein alpha-synuclein (αS) and abnormal lipid metabolism have each been implicated in PD pathogenesis. Here, we elucidate how retinoid-X-receptor (RXR) nuclear receptor signaling impacts these two aspects of PD pathogenesis. We find that activated RXR differentially regulates fatty acid desaturases, significantly reducing the transcript levels of the largely brain-specific desaturase SCD5 in human cultured neural cells and PD patient-derived neurons. This was associated with reduced perilipin-2 protein levels in patient neurons, reversal of αS-induced increases in lipid droplet (LD) size, and a reduction of triglyceride levels in human cultured cells. With regard to αS proteostasis, our study reveals that RXR agonism stimulates lysosomal clearance of αS. Our data support the involvement of Polo-like kinase 2 activity and αS S129 phosphorylation in mediating this benefit. The lowering of cellular αS levels was associated with reduced cytotoxicity. Compared to RXR activation, the RXR antagonist HX531 had the opposite effects on LD size, SCD, αS turnover, and cytotoxicity, all supporting pathway specificity. Together, our findings show that RXR-activating ligands can modulate fatty acid metabolism and αS turnover to confer benefit in cellular models of PD, including patient neurons. We offer a new paradigm to investigate nuclear receptor ligands as a promising strategy for PD and related synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arati Tripathi
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 60 Fenwood Rd, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Heba Alnakhala
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 60 Fenwood Rd, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Lisa Brontesi
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 60 Fenwood Rd, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Dennis Selkoe
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 60 Fenwood Rd, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Ulf Dettmer
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 60 Fenwood Rd, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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7
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Kamano S, Ozawa D, Ikenaka K, Nagai Y. Role of Lipids in the Pathogenesis of Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8935. [PMID: 39201619 PMCID: PMC11354291 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25168935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Aggregation of α-synuclein (αSyn) and its accumulation as Lewy bodies play a central role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the mechanism by which αSyn aggregates in the brain remains unclear. Biochemical studies have demonstrated that αSyn interacts with lipids, and these interactions affect the aggregation process of αSyn. Furthermore, genetic studies have identified mutations in lipid metabolism-associated genes such as glucocerebrosidase 1 (GBA1) and synaptojanin 1 (SYNJ1) in sporadic and familial forms of PD, respectively. In this review, we focus on the role of lipids in triggering αSyn aggregation in the pathogenesis of PD and propose the possibility of modulating the interaction of lipids with αSyn as a potential therapy for PD.
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Grants
- 24H00630 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- 21H02840 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- 17K19658 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- 20H05927 Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- JP16ek0109018 Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development
- JP19ek0109222 Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development
- 30-3 National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry
- 30-9 National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry
- 3-9 National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry
- 6-9 National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumpei Kamano
- Department of Neurology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama 589-8511, Osaka, Japan; (S.K.); (D.O.)
| | - Daisaku Ozawa
- Department of Neurology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama 589-8511, Osaka, Japan; (S.K.); (D.O.)
| | - Kensuke Ikenaka
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan;
| | - Yoshitaka Nagai
- Department of Neurology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama 589-8511, Osaka, Japan; (S.K.); (D.O.)
- Life Science Research Institute, Kindai University, Osaka-Sayama 589-8511, Osaka, Japan
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8
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Venati SR, Uversky VN. Exploring Intrinsic Disorder in Human Synucleins and Associated Proteins. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8399. [PMID: 39125972 PMCID: PMC11313516 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2024] [Revised: 07/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In this work, we explored the intrinsic disorder status of the three members of the synuclein family of proteins-α-, β-, and γ-synucleins-and showed that although all three human synucleins are highly disordered, the highest levels of disorder are observed in γ-synuclein. Our analysis of the peculiarities of the amino acid sequences and modeled 3D structures of the human synuclein family members revealed that the pathological mutations A30P, E46K, H50Q, A53T, and A53E associated with the early onset of Parkinson's disease caused some increase in the local disorder propensity of human α-synuclein. A comparative sequence-based analysis of the synuclein proteins from various evolutionary distant species and evaluation of their levels of intrinsic disorder using a set of commonly used bioinformatics tools revealed that, irrespective of their origin, all members of the synuclein family analyzed in this study were predicted to be highly disordered proteins, indicating that their intrinsically disordered nature represents an evolutionary conserved and therefore functionally important feature. A detailed functional disorder analysis of the proteins in the interactomes of the human synuclein family members utilizing a set of commonly used disorder analysis tools showed that the human α-synuclein interactome has relatively higher levels of intrinsic disorder as compared with the interactomes of human β- and γ- synucleins and revealed that, relative to the β- and γ-synuclein interactomes, α-synuclein interactors are involved in a much broader spectrum of highly diversified functional pathways. Although proteins interacting with three human synucleins were characterized by highly diversified functionalities, this analysis also revealed that the interactors of three human synucleins were involved in three common functional pathways, such as the synaptic vesicle cycle, serotonergic synapse, and retrograde endocannabinoid signaling. Taken together, these observations highlight the critical importance of the intrinsic disorder of human synucleins and their interactors in various neuronal processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sriya Reddy Venati
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
| | - Vladimir N. Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
- USF Health Byrd Alzheimer’s Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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9
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Yang Y, Zhou ZD, Yi L, Tan BJW, Tan EK. Interaction between caffeine consumption & genetic susceptibility in Parkinson's disease: A systematic review. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 99:102381. [PMID: 38914264 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Caffeine is one of the most consumed psychoactive substances globally. Caffeine-gene interactions in Parkinson's disease (PD) has not been systematically examined. OBJECTIVES To conduct a systematic review on the interaction between caffeine consumption and genetic susceptibility to PD. METHODOLOGY We conducted PubMed and Embase search using terms "Genetic association studies", "Caffeine", "polymorphism" and "Parkinson's disease", from inception till 2023. Of the initial 2391 studies, 21 case-control studies were included. The demographic, genetic and clinical data were extracted and analyzed. RESULTS We identified 21 studies which involved a total of 607,074 study subjects and 17 gene loci (SNCA, MAPT, HLA-DRA, NOS1, NOS3, GBA, ApoE, BST1, ESR2, NAT2, SLC2A13, LRRK2, NOS2A, GRIN2A, CYP1A2, ESR1, ADORA2A) have been investigated for the effect of gene-caffeine interaction and PD risk. The genes were identified through PD GWAS or involved in caffeine or related metabolism pathways. Based on the genetic association and interaction studies, only MAPT, SLC2A13, LRRK2, ApoE, NOS2A, GRIN2A, CYP1A2, and ADORA2A have been shown by at least one study to have a positive caffeine-gene interaction influencing the risk of PD. CONCLUSION Studies have shown an interaction between caffeine with genetic variants of MAPT, SLC2A13, LRRK2, ApoE, NOS2A, GRIN2A, CYP1A2, and ADORA2A in modulating the risk of PD. Due to the potential limitations of these discovery/pilot studies, further independent replication studies are needed. Better designed genetic association studies in multi-ancestry and admixed cohorts to identify potential shared or unique multivariate gene-environmental interactions, as well as functional studies of gene-caffeine interactions will be useful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujuan Yang
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore; Neuroscience and Behavioural Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.
| | - Zhi Dong Zhou
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore; Neuroscience and Behavioural Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.
| | - Lingxiao Yi
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore.
| | | | - Eng-King Tan
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore; Neuroscience and Behavioural Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.
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10
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Lippi A, Krisko A. Protein aggregation: A detrimental symptom or an adaptation mechanism? J Neurochem 2024; 168:1426-1441. [PMID: 37694504 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Protein quality control mechanisms oversee numerous aspects of protein lifetime. From the point of protein synthesis, protein homeostasis machineries take part in folding, solubilization, and/or degradation of impaired proteins. Some proteins follow an alternative path upon loss of their solubility, thus are secluded from the cytosol and form protein aggregates. Protein aggregates differ in their function and composition, rendering protein aggregation a complex phenomenon that continues to receive plenty of attention in the scientific and medical communities. Traditionally, protein aggregates have been associated with aging and a large spectrum of protein folding diseases, such as neurodegenerative diseases, type 2 diabetes, or cataract. However, a body of evidence suggests that they may act as an adaptive mechanism to overcome transient stressful conditions, serving as a sink for the removal of misfolded proteins from the cytosol or storage compartments for machineries required upon stress release. In this review, we present examples and evidence elaborating different possible roles of protein aggregation and discuss their potential roles in stress survival, aging, and disease, as well as possible anti-aggregation interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Lippi
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anita Krisko
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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11
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Kaneko T, Matsumoto J, Lu W, Zhao X, Ueno-Nigh LR, Oishi T, Kimura K, Otsuka Y, Zheng A, Ikenaka K, Baba K, Mochizuki H, Nishijo H, Inoue KI, Takada M. Deciphering social traits and pathophysiological conditions from natural behaviors in common marmosets. Curr Biol 2024; 34:2854-2867.e5. [PMID: 38889723 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2024.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Nonhuman primates (NHPs) are indispensable animal models by virtue of the continuity of behavioral repertoires across primates, including humans. However, behavioral assessment at the laboratory level has so far been limited. Employing the application of three-dimensional (3D) pose estimation and the optimal integration of subsequent analytic methodologies, we demonstrate that our artificial intelligence (AI)-based approach has successfully deciphered the ethological, cognitive, and pathological traits of common marmosets from their natural behaviors. By applying multiple deep neural networks trained with large-scale datasets, we established an evaluation system that could reconstruct and estimate the 3D poses of the marmosets, a small NHP that is suitable for analyzing complex natural behaviors in laboratory setups. We further developed downstream analytic methodologies to quantify a variety of behavioral parameters beyond motion kinematics. We revealed the distinct parental roles of male and female marmosets through automated detections of food-sharing behaviors using a spatial-temporal filter on 3D poses. Employing a recurrent neural network to analyze 3D pose time series data during social interactions, we additionally discovered that marmosets adjusted their behaviors based on others' internal state, which is not directly observable but can be inferred from the sequence of others' actions. Moreover, a fully unsupervised approach enabled us to detect progressively appearing symptomatic behaviors over a year in a Parkinson's disease model. The high-throughput and versatile nature of an AI-driven approach to analyze natural behaviors will open a new avenue for neuroscience research dealing with big-data analyses of social and pathophysiological behaviors in NHPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaaki Kaneko
- Center for the Evolutionary Origins of Human Behavior, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi 484-8506, Japan.
| | - Jumpei Matsumoto
- Department of System Emotional Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; Research Center for Idling Brain Science, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Wanyi Lu
- Center for the Evolutionary Origins of Human Behavior, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi 484-8506, Japan
| | - Xincheng Zhao
- Center for the Evolutionary Origins of Human Behavior, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi 484-8506, Japan
| | - Louie Richard Ueno-Nigh
- Center for the Evolutionary Origins of Human Behavior, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi 484-8506, Japan
| | - Takao Oishi
- Center for the Evolutionary Origins of Human Behavior, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi 484-8506, Japan
| | - Kei Kimura
- Center for the Evolutionary Origins of Human Behavior, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi 484-8506, Japan
| | - Yukiko Otsuka
- Center for the Evolutionary Origins of Human Behavior, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi 484-8506, Japan
| | - Andi Zheng
- Center for the Evolutionary Origins of Human Behavior, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi 484-8506, Japan
| | - Kensuke Ikenaka
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kousuke Baba
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hideki Mochizuki
- Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hisao Nishijo
- Department of System Emotional Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; Research Center for Idling Brain Science, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan; Faculty of Human Sciences, University of East Asia, Shimonoseki, Yamaguchi 751-8503, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Inoue
- Center for the Evolutionary Origins of Human Behavior, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi 484-8506, Japan
| | - Masahiko Takada
- Center for the Evolutionary Origins of Human Behavior, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi 484-8506, Japan; Department of Neurology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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12
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He M, Zhang X, Ran X, Zhang Y, Nie X, Xiao B, Lei L, Zhai S, Zhu J, Zhang J, Li R, Liu Z, Zhu Y, Dai Z, He Z, Feng J, Zhang C. Black Phosphorus Nanosheets Protect Neurons by Degrading Aggregative α-syn and Clearing ROS in Parkinson's Disease. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2404576. [PMID: 38696266 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202404576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Although evidence indicates that the abnormal accumulation of α-synuclein (α-syn) in dopamine neurons of the substantia nigra is the main pathological feature of Parkinson's disease (PD), no compounds that have both α-syn antiaggregation and α-syn degradation functions have been successful in treating the disease in the clinic. Here, it is shown that black phosphorus nanosheets (BPNSs) interact directly with α-syn fibrils to trigger their disaggregation for PD treatment. Moreover, BPNSs have a specific affinity for α-syn through van der Waals forces. And BPNSs are found to activate autophagy to maintain α-syn homeostasis, improve mitochondrial dysfunction, reduce reactive oxygen species levels, and rescue neuronal death and synaptic loss in PC12 cells. It is also observed that BPNSs penetrate the blood-brain barrier and protect against dopamine neuron loss, alleviating behavioral disorders in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) induced mouse model and hA53T α-syn transgenic mice. Together, the study reveals that BPNSs have the potential as a novel integrated nanomedicine for clinical diagnosis and treatment of neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meina He
- Engineering Research Center for Molecular Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 561113, China
- Department of Biology, College of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 561113, China
| | - Xiangming Zhang
- Engineering Research Center for Molecular Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 561113, China
- Department of Biology, College of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 561113, China
| | - Xia Ran
- Engineering Research Center for Molecular Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 561113, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Engineering Research Center for Molecular Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 561113, China
- Department of Biology, College of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 561113, China
| | - Xiaoran Nie
- Engineering Research Center for Molecular Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 561113, China
- Department of Biology, College of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 561113, China
| | - Bo Xiao
- Engineering Research Center for Molecular Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 561113, China
| | - Li Lei
- Engineering Research Center for Molecular Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 561113, China
| | - Suzhen Zhai
- Department of Biology, College of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 561113, China
| | - JinMing Zhu
- Engineering Research Center for Molecular Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 561113, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Engineering Research Center for Molecular Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 561113, China
| | - Rong Li
- Engineering Research Center for Molecular Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 561113, China
| | - Zuoji Liu
- Engineering Research Center for Molecular Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 561113, China
| | - Yuping Zhu
- Engineering Research Center for Molecular Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 561113, China
- Department of Biology, College of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 561113, China
| | - Zhijun Dai
- Engineering Research Center for Molecular Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 561113, China
- Department of Biology, College of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 561113, China
| | - Zhixu He
- Engineering Research Center for Molecular Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 561113, China
| | - Jian Feng
- Engineering Research Center for Molecular Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 561113, China
| | - Chunlin Zhang
- Engineering Research Center for Molecular Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 561113, China
- Department of Biology, College of Basic Medical Science, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 561113, China
- Key Laboratory of Endemic and Ethnic Diseases, Ministry of Education & Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
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Yoon YJ, Park CW, Kim JJ, Chung SJ, Kim YJ. The First East Asian Patient With Parkinson's Disease Caused by the A53E SNCA Mutation With Early Progression to Dementia. J Mov Disord 2024; 17:364-367. [PMID: 38867354 PMCID: PMC11300389 DOI: 10.14802/jmd.24118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yeo Jun Yoon
- Department of Neurology, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System, Yongin, Korea
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chan Wook Park
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Ju Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System, Yongin, Korea
| | - Seok Jong Chung
- Department of Neurology, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System, Yongin, Korea
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yun Joong Kim
- Department of Neurology, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System, Yongin, Korea
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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14
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Li J, Ng KW, Sung CC, Chung KKK. The role of age-associated alpha-synuclein aggregation in a conditional transgenic mouse model of Parkinson's disease: Implications for Lewy body formation. J Neurochem 2024; 168:1215-1236. [PMID: 38693066 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.16122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder that is affecting an increasing number of older adults. Although PD is mostly sporadic, genetic mutations have been found in cohorts of families with a history of familial PD (FPD). The first such mutation linked to FPD causes a point mutation (A53T) in α-synuclein (α-syn), a major component of Lewy bodies, which are a classical pathological hallmark of PD. These findings suggest that α-syn is an important contributor to the development of PD. In our previous study, we developed an adenoviral mouse model of PD and showed that the expression of wild-type (WT) α-syn or a mutant form with an increased propensity to aggregate, designated as WT-CL1 α-syn, could be used to study how α-syn aggregation contributes to PD. In this study, we established a transgenic mouse model that conditionally expresses WT or WT-CL1 α-syn in dopaminergic (DA) neurons and found that the expression of either WT or WT-CL1 α-syn was associated with an age-dependent degeneration of DA neurons and movement dysfunction. Using this model, we were able to monitor the process of α-syn aggregate formation and found a correlation between age and the number and sizes of α-syn aggregates formed. These results provide a potential mechanism by which age-dependent α-syn aggregation may lead to the formation of Lewy bodies in PD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahua Li
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ka Wai Ng
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chun Chau Sung
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kenny K K Chung
- Division of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
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Burré J, Edwards RH, Halliday G, Lang AE, Lashuel HA, Melki R, Murayama S, Outeiro TF, Papa SM, Stefanis L, Woerman AL, Surmeier DJ, Kalia LV, Takahashi R. Research Priorities on the Role of α-Synuclein in Parkinson's Disease Pathogenesis. Mov Disord 2024. [PMID: 38946200 DOI: 10.1002/mds.29897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Various forms of Parkinson's disease, including its common sporadic form, are characterized by prominent α-synuclein (αSyn) aggregation in affected brain regions. However, the role of αSyn in the pathogenesis and evolution of the disease remains unclear, despite vast research efforts of more than a quarter century. A better understanding of the role of αSyn, either primary or secondary, is critical for developing disease-modifying therapies. Previous attempts to hone this research have been challenged by experimental limitations, but recent technological advances may facilitate progress. The Scientific Issues Committee of the International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society (MDS) charged a panel of experts in the field to discuss current scientific priorities and identify research strategies with potential for a breakthrough. © 2024 The Author(s). Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Burré
- Appel Institute for Alzheimer's Disease Research and Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Robert H Edwards
- Department of Physiology and Neurology, University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Glenda Halliday
- Brain and Mind Centre, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anthony E Lang
- Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease, Krembil Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hilal A Lashuel
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology of Neurodegeneration, Brain Mind Institute, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ronald Melki
- Institut Francois Jacob (MIRCen), CEA and Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, CNRS, Fontenay-Aux-Roses, France
| | - Shigeo Murayama
- Department of Neuropathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Tokyo, Japan
- The Brain Bank for Neurodevelopmental, Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tiago F Outeiro
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Stella M Papa
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, and Emory National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Leonidas Stefanis
- First Department of Neurology, Eginitio Hospital, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Amanda L Woerman
- Department of Biology, Institute for Applied Life Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Prion Research Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Dalton James Surmeier
- Department of Neuroscience, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, Maryland, USA
| | - Lorraine V Kalia
- Edmond J. Safra Program in Parkinson's Disease, Krembil Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ryosuke Takahashi
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Sanluca C, Spagnolo P, Mancinelli R, De Bartolo MI, Fava M, Maccarrone M, Carotti S, Gaudio E, Leuti A, Vivacqua G. Interaction between α-Synuclein and Bioactive Lipids: Neurodegeneration, Disease Biomarkers and Emerging Therapies. Metabolites 2024; 14:352. [PMID: 39057675 PMCID: PMC11278689 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14070352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The present review provides a comprehensive examination of the intricate dynamics between α-synuclein, a protein crucially involved in the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease and multiple system atrophy, and endogenously-produced bioactive lipids, which play a pivotal role in neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. The interaction of α-synuclein with bioactive lipids is emerging as a critical factor in the development and progression of neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory diseases, offering new insights into disease mechanisms and novel perspectives in the identification of potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets. We delve into the molecular pathways through which α-synuclein interacts with biological membranes and bioactive lipids, influencing the aggregation of α-synuclein and triggering neuroinflammatory responses, highlighting the potential of bioactive lipids as biomarkers for early disease detection and progression monitoring. Moreover, we explore innovative therapeutic strategies aimed at modulating the interaction between α-synuclein and bioactive lipids, including the development of small molecules and nutritional interventions. Finally, the review addresses the significance of the gut-to-brain axis in mediating the effects of bioactive lipids on α-synuclein pathology and discusses the role of altered gut lipid metabolism and microbiota composition in neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. The present review aims to underscore the potential of targeting α-synuclein-lipid interactions as a multifaceted approach for the detection and treatment of neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Sanluca
- Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Microscopic and Ultrastructural Anatomy, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy (S.C.)
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Spagnolo
- Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Microscopic and Ultrastructural Anatomy, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy (S.C.)
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Romina Mancinelli
- Department of Anatomic, Histologic, Forensic and Locomotor Apparatus Sciences, Sapienza University of Roma, 00185 Rome, Italy (E.G.)
| | | | - Marina Fava
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
- European Center for Brain Research/IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Via del Fosso di Fiorano 64, 00143 Rome, Italy;
| | - Mauro Maccarrone
- European Center for Brain Research/IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Via del Fosso di Fiorano 64, 00143 Rome, Italy;
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Simone Carotti
- Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Microscopic and Ultrastructural Anatomy, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy (S.C.)
| | - Eugenio Gaudio
- Department of Anatomic, Histologic, Forensic and Locomotor Apparatus Sciences, Sapienza University of Roma, 00185 Rome, Italy (E.G.)
| | - Alessandro Leuti
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Medicine, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
- European Center for Brain Research/IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Via del Fosso di Fiorano 64, 00143 Rome, Italy;
| | - Giorgio Vivacqua
- Department of Medicine, Laboratory of Microscopic and Ultrastructural Anatomy, Campus Bio-Medico University of Rome, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy (S.C.)
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Avenali M, Cerri S, Palmieri I, Ongari G, Stiuso R, Buongarzone G, Tassorelli C, Biagini T, Valente M, Cereda C, Mazza T, Gana S, Pacchetti C, Valente EM. Functional Study of SNCA p.V15A Variant: Further Linking α-Synuclein and Glucocerebrosidase. Mov Disord 2024; 39:1060-1065. [PMID: 38436488 DOI: 10.1002/mds.29736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND SNCA p.V15A was reported in five families. In vitro models showed increased aggregation and seeding activity, mitochondrial damage, and apoptosis. Mutant flies had reduced flying ability and survival. OBJECTIVES To clinically and functionally evaluate SNCA p.V15A in a large Italian family with Parkinson's disease (PD). METHODS Genetic diagnosis was reached through next-generation sequencing. Pathogenicity was assessed by molecular dynamics simulation and biochemical studies on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). RESULTS Five siblings carried SNCA p.V15A; three developed bradykinetic-rigid PD in their 50s with rapid motor progression and variable cognitive impairment. A fourth sibling had isolated mood disturbance, whereas the fifth was still unaffected at age 47. The mutant protein showed decreased stability and an unstable folded structure. Proband's PBMCs showed elevated total and phosphorylated α-synuclein (α-syn) levels and significantly reduced glucocerebrosidase activity. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates accumulation of α-synV15A in PBMCs and strengthens the link between α-syn pathophysiology and glucocerebrosidase dysfunction. © 2024 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micol Avenali
- Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Silvia Cerri
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Section, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Gerardo Ongari
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Section, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Rita Stiuso
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Section, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Cristina Tassorelli
- Department of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
- Neurorehabilitation Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Tommaso Biagini
- Bioinformatics Unit, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Marialuisa Valente
- Clinical Pathology Unit, Medical Genetics Section, SS. Annunziata Hospital, ASL Taranto, Taranto, Italy
| | - Cristina Cereda
- Center of Functional Genomics and Rare Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Buzzi Children's Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Tommaso Mazza
- Bioinformatics Unit, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Simone Gana
- Neurogenetics Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Claudio Pacchetti
- Parkinson's Disease and Movement Disorders Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Enza Maria Valente
- Neurogenetics Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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18
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Sharma K, Chib S, Gupta A, Singh R, Chalotra R. Interplay between α-synuclein and parkin genes: Insights of Parkinson's disease. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:586. [PMID: 38683365 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09520-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex and debilitating neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. The pathogenesis of PD is intimately linked to the roles of two key molecular players, α-synuclein (α-syn) and Parkin. Understanding the intricate interplay between α-syn and Parkin is essential for unravelling the molecular underpinnings of PD. Their roles in synaptic function and protein quality control underscore their significance in neuronal health. Dysregulation of these processes, as seen in PD, highlights the potential for targeted therapeutic strategies aimed at restoring normal protein homeostasis and mitigating neurodegeneration. Investigating the connections between α-syn, Parkin, and various pathological mechanisms provides insights into the complex web of factors contributing to PD pathogenesis and offers hope for the development of more effective treatments for this devastating neurological disorder. The present compilation provides an overview of their structures, regional and cellular locations, associations, physiological functions, and pathological roles in the context of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kajal Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, India
| | - Shivani Chib
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, India
| | - Aniket Gupta
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, India
| | - Randhir Singh
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, India.
| | - Rishabh Chalotra
- Department of Pharmacology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, 151401, India
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19
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Miano-Burkhardt A, Alvarez Jerez P, Daida K, Bandres Ciga S, Billingsley KJ. The Role of Structural Variants in the Genetic Architecture of Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4801. [PMID: 38732020 PMCID: PMC11084710 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) significantly impacts millions of individuals worldwide. Although our understanding of the genetic foundations of PD has advanced, a substantial portion of the genetic variation contributing to disease risk remains unknown. Current PD genetic studies have primarily focused on one form of genetic variation, single nucleotide variants (SNVs), while other important forms of genetic variation, such as structural variants (SVs), are mostly ignored due to the complexity of detecting these variants with traditional sequencing methods. Yet, these forms of genetic variation play crucial roles in gene expression and regulation in the human brain and are causative of numerous neurological disorders, including forms of PD. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of our current understanding of the involvement of coding and noncoding SVs in the genetic architecture of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Miano-Burkhardt
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (A.M.-B.); (K.D.)
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Related Dementias, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (P.A.J.); (S.B.C.)
| | - Pilar Alvarez Jerez
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Related Dementias, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (P.A.J.); (S.B.C.)
| | - Kensuke Daida
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (A.M.-B.); (K.D.)
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Related Dementias, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (P.A.J.); (S.B.C.)
| | - Sara Bandres Ciga
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Related Dementias, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (P.A.J.); (S.B.C.)
| | - Kimberley J. Billingsley
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (A.M.-B.); (K.D.)
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Related Dementias, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (P.A.J.); (S.B.C.)
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20
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Kishore A, Sturm M, Soman Pillai K, Hakkaart C, Kalikavil Puthanveedu D, Urulangodi M, Krishnan S, Ashok Kumar Sreelatha A, Rajan R, Pal PK, Yadav R, Sarma G, Casadei N, Gasser T, Bauer P, Riess O, Sharma M. Resequencing the complete SNCA locus in Indian patients with Parkinson's disease. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2024; 10:85. [PMID: 38622158 PMCID: PMC11018851 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-024-00676-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The genetic loci implicated in familial Parkinson's disease (PD) have limited generalizability to the Indian PD population. We tested mutations and the frequency of known mutations in the SNCA gene in a PD cohort from India. We selected 298 PD cases and 301 age-matched controls for targeted resequencing (before QC), along with 363 PD genomes of Indian ancestry and 1029 publicly available whole genomes from India as healthy controls (IndiGenomes), to determine the frequency of monogenic SNCA mutations. The raw sequence reads were analyzed using an in-house analysis pipeline, allowing the detection of small variants and structural variants using Manta. The in-depth analysis of the SNCA locus did not identify missense or structural variants, including previously identified SNCA mutations, in the Indian population. The familial forms of SNCA gene variants do not play a major role in the Indian PD population and this warrants further research in the under-represented population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asha Kishore
- Comprehensive Care Centre for Movement Disorders, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Kochi, Kerala, India
- Parkinson and Movement Disorder Centre, Centre for Excellence in Neurosciences, Aster Medcity, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Marc Sturm
- Institute for Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Kanchana Soman Pillai
- Parkinson and Movement Disorder Centre, Centre for Excellence in Neurosciences, Aster Medcity, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Christopher Hakkaart
- Institute for Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Divya Kalikavil Puthanveedu
- Comprehensive Care Centre for Movement Disorders, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Madhusoodanan Urulangodi
- Comprehensive Care Centre for Movement Disorders, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Syam Krishnan
- Comprehensive Care Centre for Movement Disorders, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Ashwin Ashok Kumar Sreelatha
- Centre for Genetic Epidemiology, Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Roopa Rajan
- Department of Neurology, All India Institute for Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Pramod Kumar Pal
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Ravi Yadav
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Gangadhara Sarma
- Comprehensive Care Centre for Movement Disorders, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Kochi, Kerala, India
| | - Nicolas Casadei
- Institute for Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Gasser
- Department for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Tübingen, Germany
| | - Peter Bauer
- Institute for Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Centogene GmbH, Rostock, Germany
- University Medicine Rostock, Internal Medicine III, Hematology, Rostock, Germany
| | - Olaf Riess
- Institute for Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Manu Sharma
- Centre for Genetic Epidemiology, Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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21
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Dhavale DD, Barclay AM, Borcik CG, Basore K, Berthold DA, Gordon IR, Liu J, Milchberg MH, O'Shea JY, Rau MJ, Smith Z, Sen S, Summers B, Smith J, Warmuth OA, Perrin RJ, Perlmutter JS, Chen Q, Fitzpatrick JAJ, Schwieters CD, Tajkhorshid E, Rienstra CM, Kotzbauer PT. Structure of alpha-synuclein fibrils derived from human Lewy body dementia tissue. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2750. [PMID: 38553463 PMCID: PMC10980826 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46832-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The defining feature of Parkinson disease (PD) and Lewy body dementia (LBD) is the accumulation of alpha-synuclein (Asyn) fibrils in Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites. Here we develop and validate a method to amplify Asyn fibrils extracted from LBD postmortem tissue samples and use solid state nuclear magnetic resonance (SSNMR) studies to determine atomic resolution structure. Amplified LBD Asyn fibrils comprise a mixture of single protofilament and two protofilament fibrils with very low twist. The protofilament fold is highly similar to the fold determined by a recent cryo-electron microscopy study for a minority population of twisted single protofilament fibrils extracted from LBD tissue. These results expand the structural characterization of LBD Asyn fibrils and approaches for studying disease mechanisms, imaging agents and therapeutics targeting Asyn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhruva D Dhavale
- Department of Neurology and Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Alexander M Barclay
- Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Collin G Borcik
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Katherine Basore
- Center for Cellular Imaging, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Deborah A Berthold
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Isabelle R Gordon
- Department of Neurology and Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Jialu Liu
- Department of Neurology and Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Moses H Milchberg
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Jennifer Y O'Shea
- Department of Neurology and Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Michael J Rau
- Center for Cellular Imaging, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Zachary Smith
- Department of Neurology and Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Soumyo Sen
- Theoretical and Computational Biophysics Group, NIH Resource for Macromolecular Modeling and Visualization, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Department of Biochemistry, and Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Brock Summers
- Center for Cellular Imaging, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - John Smith
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Owen A Warmuth
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Richard J Perrin
- Department of Neurology and Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Joel S Perlmutter
- Department of Neurology and Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Department of Radiology, Neuroscience, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - James A J Fitzpatrick
- Center for Cellular Imaging, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Charles D Schwieters
- Computational Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance Core, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Emad Tajkhorshid
- Theoretical and Computational Biophysics Group, NIH Resource for Macromolecular Modeling and Visualization, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Department of Biochemistry, and Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Chad M Rienstra
- Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
- Morgridge Institute for Research, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
- National Magnetic Resonance Facility at Madison, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
| | - Paul T Kotzbauer
- Department of Neurology and Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
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22
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Monteiro Neto JR, Lima VDA, Follmer C. Fibrillation of α-synuclein triggered by bacterial endotoxin and lipid vesicles is modulated by N-terminal acetylation and familial Parkinson's disease mutations. FEBS J 2024; 291:1151-1167. [PMID: 38069536 DOI: 10.1111/febs.17027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
It has been hypothesized that --Parkinson's disease (PD) may be initiated in the gastrointestinal tract, before manifesting in the central nervous system. In this respect, it was demonstrated that lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an endotoxin from gram-negative bacteria, accelerates the in vitro formation of α-synuclein (aSyn) fibrils, whose intracellular deposits is a histological hallmark of the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in PD. Herein, N-terminal acetylation and missense mutations of aSyn (A30P, A53T, E46K, H50Q and G51D) linked to rare, early-onset forms of familial PD were investigated regarding their effect on aSyn aggregation stimulated by either LPS or small unilamellar lipid vesicles (SUVs). Our findings indicated that LPS as well as SUVs induce the fibrillation of N-terminally acetylated wild-type aSyn (Ac-aSyn-WT) more remarkably than the non-acetylated protein, while the LPS-free protein alone did not undergo fibrillation under our assay conditions. In addition, with the exception of A30P, PD mutations increased the fibrillation of Ac-aSyn in the presence of LPS compared with Ac-aSyn-WT. The most pronounced effect of LPS was noticed for A53T, as observed when either Thioflavin-T or JC-1 were used as fluorescent probes for fibrils. Overall, our results suggest for the first time the existence of a synergy between LPS and PD mutations/N-terminal acetylation toward aSyn fibrillation.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Raphael Monteiro Neto
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vanderlei de Araújo Lima
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cristian Follmer
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry of Neurodegenerative Disorders, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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23
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Huang W, Liu J, Le S, Yao M, Shi Y, Yan J. In situ single-molecule investigations of the impacts of biochemical perturbations on conformational intermediates of monomeric α-synuclein. APL Bioeng 2024; 8:016114. [PMID: 38435467 PMCID: PMC10908564 DOI: 10.1063/5.0188714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
α-Synuclein aggregation is a common trait in synucleinopathies, including Parkinson's disease. Being an unstructured protein, α-synuclein exists in several distinct conformational intermediates, contributing to both its function and pathogenesis. However, the regulation of these monomer conformations by biochemical factors and potential drugs has remained elusive. In this study, we devised an in situ single-molecule manipulation approach to pinpoint kinetically stable conformational intermediates of monomeric α-synuclein and explore the effects of various biochemical factors and drugs. We uncovered a partially folded conformation located in the non-amyloid-β component (NAC) region of monomeric α-synuclein, which is regulated by a preNAC region. This conformational intermediate is sensitive to biochemical perturbations and small-molecule drugs that influencing α-synuclein's aggregation tendency. Our findings reveal that this partially folded intermediate may play a role in α-synuclein aggregation, offering fresh perspectives for potential treatments aimed at the initial stage of higher-order α-synuclein aggregation. The single-molecule approach developed here can be broadly applied to the study of disease-related intrinsically disordered proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenmao Huang
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed: and
| | - Jingzhun Liu
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411
| | | | | | - Yi Shi
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jie Yan
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed: and
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24
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da Silva ANR, Pereira GRC, Bonet LFS, Outeiro TF, De Mesquita JF. In silico analysis of alpha-synuclein protein variants and posttranslational modifications related to Parkinson's disease. J Cell Biochem 2024; 125:e30523. [PMID: 38239037 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is among the most prevalent neurodegenerative disorders, affecting over 10 million people worldwide. The protein encoded by the SNCA gene, alpha-synuclein (ASYN), is the major component of Lewy body (LB) aggregates, a histopathological hallmark of PD. Mutations and posttranslational modifications (PTMs) in ASYN are known to influence protein aggregation and LB formation, possibly playing a crucial role in PD pathogenesis. In this work, we applied computational methods to characterize the effects of missense mutations and PTMs on the structure and function of ASYN. Missense mutations in ASYN were compiled from the literature/databases and underwent a comprehensive predictive analysis. Phosphorylation and SUMOylation sites of ASYN were retrieved from databases and predicted by algorithms. ConSurf was used to estimate the evolutionary conservation of ASYN amino acids. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of ASYN wild-type and variants A30G, A30P, A53T, and G51D were performed using the GROMACS package. Seventy-seven missense mutations in ASYN were compiled. Although most mutations were not predicted to affect ASYN stability, aggregation propensity, amyloid formation, and chaperone binding, the analyzed mutations received relatively high rates of deleterious predictions and predominantly occurred at evolutionarily conserved sites within the protein. Moreover, our predictive analyses suggested that the following mutations may be possibly harmful to ASYN and, consequently, potential targets for future investigation: K6N, T22I, K34E, G36R, G36S, V37F, L38P, G41D, and K102E. The MD analyses pointed to remarkable flexibility and essential dynamics alterations at nearly all domains of the studied variants, which could lead to impaired contact between NAC and the C-terminal domain triggering protein aggregation. These alterations may have functional implications for ASYN and provide important insight into the molecular mechanism of PD, supporting the design of future biomedical research and improvements in existing therapies for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aloma N R da Silva
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Laboratory, Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gabriel R C Pereira
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Laboratory, Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luiz Felippe Sarmento Bonet
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Laboratory, Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tiago Fleming Outeiro
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, Center for Biostructural Imaging of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Max Planck Institute for Experimental Medicine, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Joelma F De Mesquita
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Laboratory, Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro (UNIRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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25
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Nuber S, Zhang X, McCaffery TD, Moors TE, Adom MA, Hahn WN, Martin D, Ericsson M, Tripathi A, Dettmer U, Svenningsson P, Selkoe DJ. Generation of G51D and 3D mice reveals decreased α-synuclein tetramer-monomer ratios promote Parkinson's disease phenotypes. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2024; 10:47. [PMID: 38424059 PMCID: PMC10904737 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-024-00662-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the α-Synuclein (αS) gene promote αS monomer aggregation that causes neurodegeneration in familial Parkinson's disease (fPD). However, most mouse models expressing single-mutant αS transgenes develop neuronal aggregates very slowly, and few have dopaminergic cell loss, both key characteristics of PD. To accelerate neurotoxic aggregation, we previously generated fPD αS E46K mutant mice with rationally designed triple mutations based on the α-helical repeat motif structure of αS (fPD E46K→3 K). The 3 K variant increased αS membrane association and decreased the physiological tetramer:monomer ratio, causing lipid- and vesicle-rich inclusions and robust tremor-predominant, L-DOPA responsive PD-like phenotypes. Here, we applied an analogous approach to the G51D fPD mutation and its rational amplification (G51D → 3D) to generate mutant mice. In contrast to 3 K mice, G51D and 3D mice accumulate monomers almost exclusively in the cytosol while also showing decreased αS tetramer:monomer ratios. Both 1D and 3D mutant mice gradually accumulate insoluble, higher-molecular weight αS oligomers. Round αS neuronal deposits at 12 mos immunolabel for ubiquitin and pSer129 αS, with limited proteinase K resistance. Both 1D and 3D mice undergo loss of striatal TH+ fibers and midbrain dopaminergic neurons by 12 mos and a bradykinesia responsive to L-DOPA. The 3D αS mice have decreased tetramer:monomer equilibria and recapitulate major features of PD. These fPD G51D and 3D mutant mice should be useful models to study neuronal αS-toxicity associated with bradykinetic motor phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silke Nuber
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Xiaoqun Zhang
- Neuro Svenningsson, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 17176, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas D McCaffery
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Tim E Moors
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Marie-Alexandre Adom
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Wolf N Hahn
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Dylan Martin
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Maria Ericsson
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Arati Tripathi
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Ulf Dettmer
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Per Svenningsson
- Neuro Svenningsson, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 17176, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dennis J Selkoe
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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26
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Payne T, Burgess T, Bradley S, Roscoe S, Sassani M, Dunning MJ, Hernandez D, Scholz S, McNeill A, Taylor R, Su L, Wilkinson I, Jenkins T, Mortiboys H, Bandmann O. Multimodal assessment of mitochondrial function in Parkinson's disease. Brain 2024; 147:267-280. [PMID: 38059801 PMCID: PMC10766247 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awad364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The heterogenous aetiology of Parkinson's disease is increasingly recognized; both mitochondrial and lysosomal dysfunction have been implicated. Powerful, clinically applicable tools are required to enable mechanistic stratification for future precision medicine approaches. The aim of this study was to characterize bioenergetic dysfunction in Parkinson's disease by applying a multimodal approach, combining standardized clinical assessment with midbrain and putaminal 31-phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P-MRS) and deep phenotyping of mitochondrial and lysosomal function in peripheral tissue in patients with recent-onset Parkinson's disease and control subjects. Sixty participants (35 patients with Parkinson's disease and 25 healthy controls) underwent 31P-MRS for quantification of energy-rich metabolites [ATP, inorganic phosphate (Pi) and phosphocreatine] in putamen and midbrain. In parallel, skin biopsies were obtained from all research participants to establish fibroblast cell lines for subsequent quantification of total intracellular ATP and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) as well as mitochondrial and lysosomal morphology, using high content live cell imaging. Lower MMP correlated with higher intracellular ATP (r = -0.55, P = 0.0016), higher mitochondrial counts (r = -0.72, P < 0.0001) and higher lysosomal counts (r = -0.62, P = 0.0002) in Parkinson's disease patient-derived fibroblasts only, consistent with impaired mitophagy and mitochondrial uncoupling. 31P-MRS-derived posterior putaminal Pi/ATP ratio variance was considerably greater in Parkinson's disease than in healthy controls (F-tests, P = 0.0036). Furthermore, elevated 31P-MRS-derived putaminal, but not midbrain Pi/ATP ratios (indicative of impaired oxidative phosphorylation) correlated with both greater mitochondrial (r = 0.37, P = 0.0319) and lysosomal counts (r = 0.48, P = 0.0044) as well as lower MMP in both short (r = -0.52, P = 0.0016) and long (r = -0.47, P = 0.0052) mitochondria in Parkinson's disease. Higher 31P-MRS midbrain phosphocreatine correlated with greater risk of rapid disease progression (r = 0.47, P = 0.0384). Our data suggest that impaired oxidative phosphorylation in the striatal dopaminergic nerve terminals exceeds mitochondrial dysfunction in the midbrain of patients with early Parkinson's disease. Our data further support the hypothesis of a prominent link between impaired mitophagy and impaired striatal energy homeostasis as a key event in early Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Payne
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Toby Burgess
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Stephen Bradley
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Sarah Roscoe
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Matilde Sassani
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Mark J Dunning
- The Bioinformatics Core, Sheffield Institute of Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Dena Hernandez
- Molecular Genetics Section, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIA, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Sonja Scholz
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Unit, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University Medical Center, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Alisdair McNeill
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Rosie Taylor
- Statistical Services Unit, The University of Sheffield, Shefield S3 7RH, UK
| | - Li Su
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SP, UK
| | - Iain Wilkinson
- Academic Unit of Radiology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2JF, UK
| | - Thomas Jenkins
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK
- Department of Neurology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth WA6000, Australia
| | - Heather Mortiboys
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK
| | - Oliver Bandmann
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK
- Neuroscience Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2HQ, UK
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27
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Yamanaka T, Matsui H. Modeling familial and sporadic Parkinson's disease in small fishes. Dev Growth Differ 2024; 66:4-20. [PMID: 37991125 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
The establishment of animal models for Parkinson's disease (PD) has been challenging. Nevertheless, once established, they will serve as valuable tools for elucidating the causes and pathogenesis of PD, as well as for developing new strategies for its treatment. Following the recent discovery of a series of PD causative genes in familial cases, teleost fishes, including zebrafish and medaka, have often been used to establish genetic PD models because of their ease of breeding and gene manipulation, as well as the high conservation of gene orthologs. Some of the fish lines can recapitulate PD phenotypes, which are often more pronounced than those in rodent genetic models. In addition, a new experimental teleost fish, turquoise killifish, can be used as a sporadic PD model, because it spontaneously manifests age-dependent PD phenotypes. Several PD fish models have already made significant contributions to the discovery of novel PD pathological features, such as cytosolic leakage of mitochondrial DNA and pathogenic phosphorylation in α-synuclein. Therefore, utilizing various PD fish models with distinct degenerative phenotypes will be an effective strategy for identifying emerging facets of PD pathogenesis and therapeutic modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Yamanaka
- Department of Neuroscience of Disease, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hideaki Matsui
- Department of Neuroscience of Disease, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
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28
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Mishra S. Emerging Trends in Cryo-EM-based Structural Studies of Neuropathological Amyloids. J Mol Biol 2023; 435:168361. [PMID: 37949311 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2023.168361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Tauopathies, synucleinopathies, Aβ amyloidosis, TDP-43 proteinopathies, and prion diseases- these neurodegenerative diseases have in common the formation of amyloid filaments rich in cross-β sheets. Cryo-electron microscopy now permits the visualization of amyloid assemblies at atomic resolution, ushering a wide range of structural studies on several of these poorly understood amyloidogenic proteins. Amyloids are polymorphic with minor modulations in reaction environment affecting the overall architecture of their assembly, making amyloids an extremely challenging venture for structure-based therapeutic intervention. In 2017, the first cryo-EM structure of tau filaments from an Alzheimer's disease-affected brain established that in vitro assemblies might not necessarily reflect the native amyloid fold. Since then, brain-derived amyloid structures for several proteins across many neurodegenerative diseases have uncovered the disease-relevant amyloid folds. It has now been shown for tauopathies, synucleinopathies and TDP-43 proteinopathies, that distinct amyloid folds of the same protein might be related to different diseases. Salient features of each of these brain-derived folds are discussed in detail. It was also recently observed that seeded aggregation does not necessarily replicate the brain-derived structural fold. Owing to high throughput structure determination, some of these native amyloid folds have also been successfully replicated in vitro. In vitro replication of disease-relevant filaments will aid development of imaging ligands and defibrillating drugs. Towards this direction, recent high-resolution structures of tau filaments with positron emission tomography tracers and a defibrillating drug are also discussed. This review summarizes and celebrates the recent advancements in structural understanding of neuropathological amyloid filaments using cryo-EM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Mishra
- Molecular Biophysics Unit, Biological Sciences Division, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560 012, Karnataka, India.
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29
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Altay MF, Kumar ST, Burtscher J, Jagannath S, Strand C, Miki Y, Parkkinen L, Holton JL, Lashuel HA. Development and validation of an expanded antibody toolset that captures alpha-synuclein pathological diversity in Lewy body diseases. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2023; 9:161. [PMID: 38062007 PMCID: PMC10703845 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-023-00604-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The abnormal aggregation and accumulation of alpha-synuclein (aSyn) in the brain is a defining hallmark of synucleinopathies. Various aSyn conformations and post-translationally modified forms accumulate in pathological inclusions and vary in abundance among these disorders. Relying on antibodies that have not been assessed for their ability to detect the diverse forms of aSyn may lead to inaccurate estimations of aSyn pathology in human brains or disease models. To address this challenge, we developed and characterized an expanded antibody panel that targets different sequences and post-translational modifications along the length of aSyn, and that recognizes all monomeric, oligomeric, and fibrillar aSyn conformations. Next, we profiled aSyn pathology across sporadic and familial Lewy body diseases (LBDs) and reveal heterogeneous forms of aSyn pathology, rich in Serine 129 phosphorylation, Tyrosine 39 nitration and N- and C-terminal tyrosine phosphorylations, scattered both to neurons and glia. In addition, we show that aSyn can become hyperphosphorylated during processes of aggregation and inclusion maturation in neuronal and animal models of aSyn seeding and spreading. The validation pipeline we describe for these antibodies paves the way for systematic investigations into aSyn pathological diversity in the human brain, peripheral tissues, as well as in cellular and animal models of synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melek Firat Altay
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology of Neurodegeneration, Brain Mind Institute, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Human Genetics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Senthil T Kumar
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology of Neurodegeneration, Brain Mind Institute, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Johannes Burtscher
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology of Neurodegeneration, Brain Mind Institute, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Somanath Jagannath
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology of Neurodegeneration, Brain Mind Institute, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Catherine Strand
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, England
| | - Yasuo Miki
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, England
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Brain Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, 036-8562, Japan
| | - Laura Parkkinen
- Oxford Parkinson's Disease Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Janice L Holton
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, University College London Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, England
| | - Hilal A Lashuel
- Laboratory of Molecular and Chemical Biology of Neurodegeneration, Brain Mind Institute, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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30
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Zhao Z, Li Z, Du F, Wang Y, Wu Y, Lim KL, Li L, Yang N, Yu C, Zhang C. Linking Heat Shock Protein 70 and Parkin in Parkinson's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:7044-7059. [PMID: 37526897 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03481-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease that affects millions of elderly people worldwide and is characterized by the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). The precise mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of PD are still not fully understood, but it is well accepted that the misfolding, aggregation, and abnormal degradation of proteins are the key causative factors of PD. Heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) is a molecular chaperone that participates in the degradation of misfolded and aggregated proteins in living cells and organisms. Parkin, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, participates in the degradation of proteins via the proteasome pathway. Recent studies have indicated that both Hsp70 and Parkin play pivotal roles in PD pathogenesis. In this review, we focus on discussing how dysregulation of Hsp70 and Parkin leads to PD pathogenesis, the interaction between Hsp70 and Parkin in the context of PD and their therapeutic applications in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongting Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng Li
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117054, Singapore
| | - Fangning Du
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Yixin Wang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Wu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Kah-Leong Lim
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore, 308232, Singapore
| | - Lin Li
- Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE, Future Technologies), Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Naidi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, People's Republic of China.
| | - Changmin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLoFE) & Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), School of Flexible Electronics (Future Technologies), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chengwu Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, People's Republic of China.
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31
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Li HY, Liu DS, Zhang YB, Rong H, Zhang XJ. The interaction between alpha-synuclein and mitochondrial dysfunction in Parkinson's disease. Biophys Chem 2023; 303:107122. [PMID: 37839353 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2023.107122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is an aging-associated neurodegenerative disorder with the hallmark of abnormal aggregates of alpha-synuclein (α-syn) in Lewy bodies (LBs) and Lewy neurites (LNs). Currently, pathogenic α-syn and mitochondrial dysfunction have been considered as prominent roles that give impetus to the PD onset. This review describes the α-syn pathology and mitochondrial alterations in PD, and focuses on how α-syn interacts with multiple aspects of mitochondrial homeostasis in the pathogenesis of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Yan Li
- Department of Basic Medical College, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Haerbin 150000, PR China
| | - De-Shui Liu
- Department of Pathology, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161006, PR China
| | - Ying-Bo Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161006, PR China
| | - Hua Rong
- Department of Pathology, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar 161006, PR China
| | - Xiao-Jie Zhang
- Department of Basic Medical College, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Haerbin 150000, PR China; Heilongjiang Nursing College, Haerbin 150000, PR China.
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32
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Ali A, Zhaliazka K, Dou T, Holman AP, Kurouski D. The toxicities of A30P and A53T α-synuclein fibrils can be uniquely altered by the length and saturation of fatty acids in phosphatidylserine. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105383. [PMID: 37890776 PMCID: PMC10679493 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain, hypothalamus, and thalamus is a hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD). Neuronal death is linked to the abrupt aggregation of α-synuclein (α-syn), a small protein that regulates vesicle trafficking in synaptic clefts. Studies of families with a history of PD revealed several mutations in α-syn including A30P and A53T that are linked to the early onset of this pathology. Numerous pieces of evidence indicate that lipids can alter the rate of protein aggregation, as well as modify the secondary structure and toxicity of amyloid oligomers and fibrils. However, the role of lipids in the stability of α-syn mutants remains unclear. In this study, we investigate the effect of phosphatidylserine (PS), an anionic lipid that plays an important role in the recognition of apoptotic cells by macrophages, in the stability of WT, A30P, and A53T α-syn. We found PS with different lengths and saturation of fatty acids accelerated the rate of WT and A30P aggregation. At the same time, the opposite effect was observed for most PS on A53T. We also found that PS with different lengths and saturation of fatty acids change the secondary structure and toxicities of WT, A30P, and A53T fibrils. These results indicate that lipids can play an important role in the onset and spread of familial PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abid Ali
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Kiryl Zhaliazka
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Tianyi Dou
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Aidan P Holman
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA; Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Dmitry Kurouski
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA.
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Schorova L, Bedard N, Khayachi A, Ho HH, Bolivar-Pedroso J, Huynh J, Piccirelli M, Wang Y, Plourde M, Luo W, Del Cid-Pellitero E, Shlaifer I, Castellanos-Montiel MJ, Yu Z, Valenzuela DVC, Lacalle-Aurioles M, Kriz A, Ye Y, Durcan TM, Wing SS. USP19 deubiquitinase inactivation regulates α-synuclein ubiquitination and inhibits accumulation of Lewy body-like aggregates in mice. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2023; 9:157. [PMID: 38017009 PMCID: PMC10684503 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-023-00601-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The USP19 deubiquitinase is found in a locus associated with Parkinson's Disease (PD), interacts with chaperonins, and promotes secretion of α-synuclein (α-syn) through the misfolding-associated protein secretion (MAPS) pathway. Since these processes might modulate the processing of α-syn aggregates in PD, we inactivated USP19 (KO) in mice expressing the A53T mutation of α-syn and in whom α-syn preformed fibrils (PFF) had been injected in the striatum. Compared to WT, KO brains showed decreased accumulation of phospho-synuclein (pSyn) positive aggregates. This improvement was associated with less activation of microglia and improved performance in a tail-suspension test. Exposure of primary neurons from WT and KO mice to PFF in vitro also led to decreased accumulation of pSyn aggregates. KO did not affect uptake of PFF nor propagation of aggregates in the cultured neurons. We conclude that USP19 instead modulates intracellular dynamics of aggregates. At an early time following PFF injection when the number of pSyn-positive neurons were similar in WT and KO brains, the KO neurons contained less aggregates. KO brain aggregates stained more intensely with anti-ubiquitin antibodies. Immunoprecipitation of soluble proteins from WT and KO brains with antibodies to pSyn showed higher levels of ubiquitinated oligomeric species in the KO samples. We propose that the improved pathology in USP19 KO brains may arise from decreased formation or enhanced clearance of the more ubiquitinated aggregates and/or enhanced disassembly towards more soluble oligomeric species. USP19 inhibition may represent a novel therapeutic approach that targets the intracellular dynamics of α-syn complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Schorova
- Department of Medicine, McGill University and Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Nathalie Bedard
- Department of Medicine, McGill University and Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Anouar Khayachi
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Hung-Hsiang Ho
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Joao Bolivar-Pedroso
- Department of Medicine, McGill University and Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Julie Huynh
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mikaela Piccirelli
- Department of Medicine, McGill University and Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Yifei Wang
- Department of Medicine, McGill University and Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Marie Plourde
- Department of Medicine, McGill University and Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Wen Luo
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Irina Shlaifer
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - María José Castellanos-Montiel
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ziqi Yu
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | | | - Anita Kriz
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Yihong Ye
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Thomas M Durcan
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Simon S Wing
- Department of Medicine, McGill University and Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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34
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Bérard M, Martínez-Drudis L, Sheta R, El-Agnaf OMA, Oueslati A. Non-invasive systemic viral delivery of human alpha-synuclein mimics selective and progressive neuropathology of Parkinson's disease in rodent brains. Mol Neurodegener 2023; 18:91. [PMID: 38012703 PMCID: PMC10683293 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-023-00683-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alpha-synuclein (α-syn) aggregation into proteinaceous intraneuronal inclusions, called Lewy bodies (LBs), is the neuropathological hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD) and related synucleinopathies. However, the exact role of α-syn inclusions in PD pathogenesis remains elusive. This lack of knowledge is mainly due to the absence of optimal α-syn-based animal models that recapitulate the different stages of neurodegeneration. METHODS Here we describe a novel approach for a systemic delivery of viral particles carrying human α-syn allowing for a large-scale overexpression of this protein in the mouse brain. This approach is based on the use of a new generation of adeno-associated virus (AAV), AAV-PHP.eB, with an increased capacity to cross the blood-brain barrier, thus offering a viable tool for a non-invasive and large-scale gene delivery in the central nervous system. RESULTS Using this model, we report that widespread overexpression of human α-syn induced selective degeneration of dopaminergic (DA) neurons, an exacerbated neuroinflammatory response in the substantia nigra and a progressive manifestation of PD-like motor impairments. Interestingly, biochemical analysis revealed the presence of insoluble α-syn oligomers in the midbrain. Together, our data demonstrate that a single non-invasive systemic delivery of viral particles overexpressing α-syn prompted selective and progressive neuropathology resembling the early stages of PD. CONCLUSIONS Our new in vivo model represents a valuable tool to study the role of α-syn in PD pathogenesis and in the selective vulnerability of nigral DA neurons; and offers the opportunity to test new strategies targeting α-syn toxicity for the development of disease-modifying therapies for PD and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Bérard
- CHU de Québec Research Center, Axe Neurosciences, Quebec City, Canada
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Laura Martínez-Drudis
- CHU de Québec Research Center, Axe Neurosciences, Quebec City, Canada
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Razan Sheta
- CHU de Québec Research Center, Axe Neurosciences, Quebec City, Canada
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Omar M A El-Agnaf
- Neurological Disorders Research Center, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha, 34110, Qatar
| | - Abid Oueslati
- CHU de Québec Research Center, Axe Neurosciences, Quebec City, Canada.
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada.
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35
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Schulz CM, Pfitzer A, Hoyer W. Fibril core regions in engineered α-synuclein dimer are crucial for blocking of fibril elongation. BBA ADVANCES 2023; 4:100110. [PMID: 38053641 PMCID: PMC10694066 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadva.2023.100110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Synucleinopathies like Parkinson's disease are neurodegenerative diseases which are associated with the deposition of fibrillar aggregates of the endogenous protein α-synuclein (α-syn). The inhibition of the elongation of α-syn fibrils is of great scientific interest and an option in the design of therapeutic strategies. Previously, we developed a disulfide-containing mutant of α-syn, called CC48, which inhibits fibril elongation by blocking of fibril ends. Surprisingly, wildtype (WT) α-syn molecules supported the blocked state, and a fusion of CC48 with WT α-syn, denoted WT-CC48, exhibited increased inhibitory potential. Here, we studied which regions of WT-CC48 are responsible for the strong inhibitory effect. To this end, we investigated a set of truncated versions of WT-CC48 by kinetic elongation assays, density gradient centrifugation, and atomic force microscopy. We show that in both the WT and the CC48 part of the fusion construct the hairpin region (residue 32-60) and NAC region (61-95), but not N- and C-terminal regions, are required for strong inhibition of fibril elongation. The required regions correspond to the segments forming the β-sheet core of α-syn fibrils. As α-syn fibrils typically consist of two protofilaments, the dimeric construct WT-CC48 provides the critical regions sufficient to cover the full β-sheetcore interface exposed at the fibril end, which can explain its high inhibitory efficiency. We suggest a mechanistic model of CC48-mediated inhibition of fibril elongation in which CC48 and WT α-syn cooperatively form an oligomer-like cap at the amyloid fibril end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celina M. Schulz
- Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Anne Pfitzer
- Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Hoyer
- Institut für Physikalische Biologie, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-7: Structural Biochemistry) and JuStruct: Jülich Center for Structural Biology, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
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36
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Allen SG, Meade RM, White Stenner LL, Mason JM. Peptide-based approaches to directly target alpha-synuclein in Parkinson's disease. Mol Neurodegener 2023; 18:80. [PMID: 37940962 PMCID: PMC10633918 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-023-00675-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptides and their mimetics are increasingly recognised as drug-like molecules, particularly for intracellular protein-protein interactions too large for inhibition by small molecules, and inaccessible to larger biologics. In the past two decades, evidence associating the misfolding and aggregation of alpha-synuclein strongly implicates this protein in disease onset and progression of Parkinson's disease and related synucleinopathies. The subsequent formation of toxic, intracellular, Lewy body deposits, in which alpha-synuclein is a major component, is a key diagnostic hallmark of the disease. To reach their therapeutic site of action, peptides must both cross the blood-brain barrier and enter dopaminergic neurons to prevent the formation of these intracellular inclusions. In this review, we describe and summarise the current efforts made in the development of peptides and their mimetics to directly engage with alpha-synuclein with the intention of modulating aggregation, and importantly, toxicity. This is a rapidly expanding field with great socioeconomic impact; these molecules harbour significant promise as therapeutics, or as early biomarkers during prodromal disease stages, or both. As these are age-dependent conditions, an increasing global life expectancy means disease prevalence is rising. No current treatments exist to either prevent or slow disease progression. It is therefore crucial that drugs are developed for these conditions before health care and social care capacities become overrun.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott G Allen
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Richard M Meade
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Lucy L White Stenner
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Jody M Mason
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
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37
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Garretti F, Monahan C, Sloan N, Bergen J, Shahriar S, Kim SW, Sette A, Cutforth T, Kanter E, Agalliu D, Sulzer D. Interaction of an α-synuclein epitope with HLA-DRB1 ∗15:01 triggers enteric features in mice reminiscent of prodromal Parkinson's disease. Neuron 2023; 111:3397-3413.e5. [PMID: 37597517 PMCID: PMC11068096 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/21/2023]
Abstract
Enteric symptoms are hallmarks of prodromal Parkinson's disease (PD) that appear decades before the onset of motor symptoms and diagnosis. PD patients possess circulating T cells that recognize specific α-synuclein (α-syn)-derived epitopes. One epitope, α-syn32-46, binds with strong affinity to the HLA-DRB1∗15:01 allele implicated in autoimmune diseases. We report that α-syn32-46 immunization in a mouse expressing human HLA-DRB1∗15:01 triggers intestinal inflammation, leading to loss of enteric neurons, damaged enteric dopaminergic neurons, constipation, and weight loss. α-Syn32-46 immunization activates innate and adaptive immune gene signatures in the gut and induces changes in the CD4+ TH1/TH17 transcriptome that resemble tissue-resident memory (TRM) cells found in mucosal barriers during inflammation. Depletion of CD4+, but not CD8+, T cells partially rescues enteric neurodegeneration. Therefore, interaction of α-syn32-46 and HLA-DRB1∗15:0 is critical for gut inflammation and CD4+ T cell-mediated loss of enteric neurons in humanized mice, suggesting mechanisms that may underlie prodromal enteric PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Garretti
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Connor Monahan
- Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Nicholas Sloan
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jamie Bergen
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Computer Science, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sanjid Shahriar
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Seon Woo Kim
- Weill Cornell Medicine - Qatar, Education City, Doha, Qatar
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Division of Vaccine Discovery, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California in San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Tyler Cutforth
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Ellen Kanter
- Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dritan Agalliu
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA.
| | - David Sulzer
- Departments of Psychiatry and Pharmacology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Neurology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Division of Molecular Therapeutics, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA; Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, USA.
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38
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Alizadeh P, Terroba-Chambi C, Achen B, Bruno V. Pain in monogenic Parkinson's disease: a comprehensive review. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1248828. [PMID: 38020640 PMCID: PMC10643218 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1248828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pain, a challenging symptom experienced by individuals diagnosed with Parkinson's disease (PD), still lacks a comprehensive understanding of its underlying pathophysiological mechanisms. A systematic investigation of its prevalence and impact on the quality of life in patients affected by monogenic forms of PD has yet to be undertaken. This comprehensive review aims to provide an overview of the association between pain and monogenic forms of PD, specifically focusing on pathogenic variants in SNCA, PRKN, PINK1, PARK7, LRRK2, GBA1, VPS35, ATP13A2, DNAJC6, FBXO7, and SYNJ1. Sixty-three articles discussing pain associated with monogenic PD were identified and analyzed. The included studies exhibited significant heterogeneity in design, sample size, and pain outcome measures. Nonetheless, the findings of this review suggest that patients with monogenic PD may experience specific types of pain depending on the pathogenic variant present, distinguishing them from non-carriers. For instance, individuals with SNCA pathogenic variants have reported painful dystonia, lower extremity pain, dorsal pain, and upper back pain. However, these observations are primarily based on case reports with unclear prevalence. Painful lower limb dystonia and lower back pain are prominent symptoms in PRKN carriers. A continual correlation has been noted between LRRK2 mutations and the emergence of pain, though the conflicting research outcomes pose challenges in reaching definitive conclusions. Individuals with PINK1 mutation carriers also frequently report experiencing pain. Pain has been frequently reported as an initial symptom and the most troublesome one in GBA1-PD patients compared to those with idiopathic PD. The evidence regarding pain in ATP13A2, PARK7, VPS35, DNAJC6, FBXO7, and SYNJ1pathogenic variants is limited and insufficient. The potential linkage between genetic profiles and pain outcomes holds promising clinical implications, allowing for the potential stratification of patients in clinical trials and the development of personalized treatments for pain in monogenic PD. In conclusion, this review underscores the need for further research to unravel the intricate relationship between pain and monogenic forms of PD. Standardized methodologies, larger sample sizes, and longitudinal studies are essential to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and develop targeted therapeutic interventions for pain management in individuals with monogenic PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Alizadeh
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | | | - Beatrice Achen
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Veronica Bruno
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Calgary, AB, Canada
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Chlebowicz J, Russ W, Chen D, Vega A, Vernino S, White CL, Rizo J, Joachimiak LA, Diamond MI. Saturation mutagenesis of α-synuclein reveals monomer fold that modulates aggregation. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadh3457. [PMID: 37889966 PMCID: PMC10610913 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh3457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
α-Synuclein (aSyn) aggregation underlies neurodegenerative synucleinopathies. aSyn seeds are proposed to replicate and propagate neuronal pathology like prions. Seeding of aSyn can be recapitulated in cellular systems of aSyn aggregation; however, the mechanism of aSyn seeding and its regulation are not well understood. We developed an mEos-based aSyn seeding assay and performed saturation mutagenesis to identify with single-residue resolution positive and negative regulators of aSyn aggregation. We not only found the core regions that govern aSyn aggregation but also identified mutants outside of the core that enhance aggregation. We identified local structure within the N terminus of aSyn that hinders the fibrillization propensity of its aggregation-prone core. Based on the screen, we designed a minimal aSyn fragment that shows a ~4-fold enhancement in seeding activity and enabled discrimination of synucleinopathies. Our study expands the basic knowledge of aSyn aggregation and advances the design of cellular systems of aSyn aggregation to diagnose synucleinopathies based on protein conformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julita Chlebowicz
- Center for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - William Russ
- Center for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Evozyne Inc., Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Dailu Chen
- Center for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Anthony Vega
- Center for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Steven Vernino
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Charles L. White
- Center for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Josep Rizo
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Lukasz A. Joachimiak
- Center for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Marc I. Diamond
- Center for Alzheimer's and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Peter O'Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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40
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Ramirez J, Pancoe SX, Rhoades E, Petersson EJ. The Effects of Lipids on α-Synuclein Aggregation In Vitro. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1476. [PMID: 37892158 PMCID: PMC10604467 DOI: 10.3390/biom13101476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The small neuronal protein α-synuclein (αS) is found in pre-synaptic terminals and plays a role in vesicle recycling and neurotransmission. Fibrillar aggregates of αS are the hallmark of Parkinson's disease and related neurodegenerative disorders. In both health and disease, interactions with lipids influence αS's structure and function, prompting much study of the effects of lipids on αS aggregation. A comprehensive collection (126 examples) of aggregation rate data for various αS/lipid combinations was presented, including combinations of lipid variations and mutations or post-translational modifications of αS. These data were interpreted in terms of lipid structure to identify general trends. These tabulated data serve as a resource for the community to help in the interpretation of aggregation experiments with lipids and to be potentially used as inputs for computational models of lipid effects on aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Ramirez
- Graduate Group in Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 421 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
| | - Samantha X. Pancoe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Elizabeth Rhoades
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 421 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - E. James Petersson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 South 34th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 421 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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41
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Chawla S, Ahmadpour D, Schneider KL, Kumar N, Fischbach A, Molin M, Nystrom T. Calcineurin stimulation by Cnb1p overproduction mitigates protein aggregation and α-synuclein toxicity in a yeast model of synucleinopathy. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:220. [PMID: 37620860 PMCID: PMC10464345 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01242-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The calcium-responsive phosphatase, calcineurin, senses changes in Ca2+ concentrations in a calmodulin-dependent manner. Here we report that under non-stress conditions, inactivation of calcineurin signaling or deleting the calcineurin-dependent transcription factor CRZ1 triggered the formation of chaperone Hsp100p (Hsp104p)-associated protein aggregates in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Furthermore, calcineurin inactivation aggravated α-Synuclein-related cytotoxicity. Conversely, elevated production of the calcineurin activator, Cnb1p, suppressed protein aggregation and cytotoxicity associated with the familial Parkinson's disease-related mutant α-Synuclein A53T in a partly CRZ1-dependent manner. Activation of calcineurin boosted normal localization of both wild type and mutant α-synuclein to the plasma membrane, an intervention previously shown to mitigate α-synuclein toxicity in Parkinson's disease models. The findings demonstrate that calcineurin signaling, and Ca2+ influx to the vacuole, limit protein quality control in non-stressed cells and may have implications for elucidating to which extent aberrant calcineurin signaling contributes to the progression of Parkinson's disease(s) and other synucleinopathies. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srishti Chawla
- Institute for Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health - AgeCap, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, 405 30, Sweden.
- Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Doryaneh Ahmadpour
- Center for Bionics and Pain Research, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, 431 30, Sweden
| | - Kara L Schneider
- Institute for Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health - AgeCap, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, 405 30, Sweden
| | - Navinder Kumar
- Institute for Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health - AgeCap, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, 405 30, Sweden
| | - Arthur Fischbach
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, 50931, Germany
| | - Mikael Molin
- Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Thomas Nystrom
- Institute for Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, Centre for Ageing and Health - AgeCap, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, 405 30, Sweden.
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42
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Huang D, Guo C. E46K Mutation of α-Synuclein Preorganizes the Intramolecular Interactions Crucial for Aggregation. J Chem Inf Model 2023; 63:4803-4813. [PMID: 37489886 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.3c00694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Aggregation of α-synuclein is central to the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. The most toxic familial mutation E46K accelerates the aggregation process by an unknown mechanism. Herein, we provide a clue by investigating the influence of E46K on monomeric α-synuclein and its relation to aggregation with molecular dynamics simulations. The E46K mutation suppresses β-sheet structures in the N-terminus while promoting those at the key fibrillization region named NACore. Even though WT and E46K monomers share conserved intramolecular interactions with fibrils, E46K abolishes intramolecular contacts within the N-terminus which are present in the WT monomer but absent in fibrils. Network analysis identifies residues 36-53 as the interaction core of the WT monomer. Upon mutation, residues 36-46 are expelled to water due to aggravated electrostatic repulsion in the 43KTKK46 segment. Instead, NACore (residues 68-78) becomes the interaction hub and connects preceding residues 47-56 and the C-terminus. Consequently, residues 47-95 which belong to the fibril core form more compact β-sheets. Overall, the interaction network of E46K is more like fibrils than WT, stabilizing the fibril-like conformations. Our work provides mechanistic insights into the faster aggregation of the E46K mutant. It implies a close link between monomeric conformations and fibrils, which would spur the development of therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Defa Huang
- Department of Physics and International Centre for Quantum and Molecular Structures, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Cong Guo
- Department of Physics and International Centre for Quantum and Molecular Structures, College of Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
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43
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Lucchini R, Tieu K. Manganese-Induced Parkinsonism: Evidence from Epidemiological and Experimental Studies. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1190. [PMID: 37627255 PMCID: PMC10452806 DOI: 10.3390/biom13081190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) exposure has evolved from acute, high-level exposure causing manganism to low, chronic lifetime exposure. In this latter scenario, the target areas extend beyond the globus pallidus (as seen with manganism) to the entire basal ganglia, including the substantia nigra pars compacta. This change of exposure paradigm has prompted numerous epidemiological investigations of the occurrence of Parkinson's disease (PD), or parkinsonism, due to the long-term impact of Mn. In parallel, experimental research has focused on the underlying pathogenic mechanisms of Mn and its interactions with genetic susceptibility. In this review, we provide evidence from both types of studies, with the aim to link the epidemiological data with the potential mechanistic interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Lucchini
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Kim Tieu
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
- Biomolecular Sciences Institute, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
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44
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Chesney AD, Maiti B, Hansmann UHE. SARS-COV-2 spike protein fragment eases amyloidogenesis of α-synuclein. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:015103. [PMID: 37409768 PMCID: PMC10328560 DOI: 10.1063/5.0157331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is accompanied by the presence of amyloids in the brain that are formed of α-synuclein chains. The correlation between COVID-19 and the onset of Parkinson's disease led to the idea that amyloidogenic segments in SARS-COV-2 proteins can induce aggregation of α-synuclein. Using molecular dynamic simulations, we show that the fragment FKNIDGYFKI of the spike protein, which is unique for SARS-COV-2, preferentially shifts the ensemble of α-synuclein monomer toward rod-like fibril seeding conformations and, at the same time, differentially stabilizes this polymorph over the competing twister-like structure. Our results are compared with earlier work relying on a different protein fragment that is not specific for SARS-COV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew D. Chesney
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, USA
| | - Buddhadev Maiti
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, USA
| | - Ulrich H. E. Hansmann
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma 73019, USA
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45
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Watt KJC, Meade RM, James TD, Mason JM. Development of a hydroxyflavone-labelled 4554W peptide probe for monitoring αS aggregation. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10968. [PMID: 37414785 PMCID: PMC10326036 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37655-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's is the second most common neurodegenerative disease, with the number of individuals susceptible due to increase as a result of increasing life expectancy and a growing worldwide population. However, despite the number of individuals affected, all current treatments for PD are symptomatic-they alleviate symptoms, but do not slow disease progression. A major reason for the lack of disease-modifying treatments is that there are currently no methods to diagnose individuals during the earliest stages of the disease, nor are there any methods to monitor disease progression at a biochemical level. Herein, we have designed and evaluated a peptide-based probe to monitor αS aggregation, with a particular focus on the earliest stages of the aggregation process and the formation of oligomers. We have identified the peptide-probe K1 as being suitable for further development to be applied to number of applications including: inhibition of αS aggregation; as a probe to monitor αS aggregation, particularly at the earliest stages before Thioflavin-T is active; and a method to detect early-oligomers. With further development and in vivo validation, we anticipate this probe could be used for the early diagnosis of PD, a method to evaluate the effectiveness of potential therapeutics, and as a tool to help in the understanding of the onset and development of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn J C Watt
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Richard M Meade
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Tony D James
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Jody M Mason
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
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46
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Widyarti S, Wibowo S, Sabarudin A, Abhirama I, Sumitro SB. Dysfunctional energy and future perspective of low dose H 2O 2 as protective agent in neurodegenerative disease. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18123. [PMID: 37519743 PMCID: PMC10372669 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The number of people with neurodegenerative disease continues to increase every year. A new perspective is needed to overcome this disease. In this review, researchers collected information about dysfunctional energy in neurodegenerative diseases driven by mitochondria. Mitochondrial dysregulation can cause damage to the neuron system. The increase in the amount and interaction of α-synuclein with SAMM50 and GABARAPL1 in the mitochondria is one of the factors causing neurodegenerative disease. As an energy provider in the body, the existence of harmonization in the regulation of mitochondria, specifically the mitochondrial outer membrane, is important. Low-dose hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) has neuroprotective abilities to overcome the impairment function of mitochondria in neurodegenerative patients. Based on computational simulation of this case, it can be used as a basic concept for the development of the role of H2O2 in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sri Widyarti
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Brawijaya University, Jl. Veteran, Malang 65145, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Syahputra Wibowo
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Brawijaya University, Jl. Veteran, Malang 65145, East Java, Indonesia
- Postdoctoral Fellow, Faculty of Biology, Gadjah Mada University, Teknika Selatan Sekip Utara, 55281 Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Akhmad Sabarudin
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Brawijaya University, Jl. Veteran, Malang 65145, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Intan Abhirama
- Department of Neurology, Bogor Senior Hospital, Jl.Raya Tajur 16137, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Sutiman Bambang Sumitro
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Brawijaya University, Jl. Veteran, Malang 65145, East Java, Indonesia
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47
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Chatterjee D, Krainc D. Mechanisms of Glucocerebrosidase Dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease. J Mol Biol 2023; 435:168023. [PMID: 36828270 PMCID: PMC10247409 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2023.168023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Beta-glucocerebrosidase is a lysosomal hydrolase, encoded by GBA1 that represents the most common risk gene associated with Parkinson's disease (PD) and Lewy Body Dementia. Glucocerebrosidase dysfunction has been also observed in the absence of GBA1 mutations across different genetic and sporadic forms of PD and related disorders, suggesting a broader role of glucocerebrosidase in neurodegeneration. In this review, we highlight recent advances in mechanistic characterization of glucocerebrosidase function as the foundation for development of novel therapeutics targeting glucocerebrosidase in PD and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diptaman Chatterjee
- Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA. https://twitter.com/NeilChatterBox
| | - Dimitri Krainc
- Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA; Simpson Querrey Center for Neurogenetics, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.
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48
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Paccosi E, Proietti-De-Santis L. Parkinson's Disease: From Genetics and Epigenetics to Treatment, a miRNA-Based Strategy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119547. [PMID: 37298496 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders, characterized by an initial and progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta via a potentially substantial contribution from protein aggregates, the Lewy bodies, mainly composed of α-Synuclein among other factors. Distinguishing symptoms of PD are bradykinesia, muscular rigidity, unstable posture and gait, hypokinetic movement disorder and resting tremor. Currently, there is no cure for PD, and palliative treatments, such as Levodopa administration, are directed to relieve the motor symptoms but induce severe side effects over time. Therefore, there is an urgency for discovering new drugs in order to design more effective therapeutic approaches. The evidence of epigenetic alterations, such as the dysregulation of different miRNAs that may stimulate many aspects of PD pathogenesis, opened a new scenario in the research for a successful treatment. Along this line, a promising strategy for PD treatment comes from the potential exploitation of modified exosomes, which can be loaded with bioactive molecules, such as therapeutic compounds and RNAs, and can allow their delivery to the appropriate location in the brain, overcoming the blood-brain barrier. In this regard, the transfer of miRNAs within Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived exosomes has yet to demonstrate successful results both in vitro and in vivo. This review, besides providing a systematic overview of both the genetic and epigenetic basis of the disease, aims to explore the exosomes/miRNAs network and its clinical potential for PD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Paccosi
- Unit of Molecular Genetics of Aging, Department of Ecology and Biology (DEB), University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Luca Proietti-De-Santis
- Unit of Molecular Genetics of Aging, Department of Ecology and Biology (DEB), University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
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49
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Morley V, Dolt KS, Alcaide-Corral CJ, Walton T, Lucatelli C, Mashimo T, Tavares AAS, Kunath T. In vivo18F-DOPA PET imaging identifies a dopaminergic deficit in a rat model with a G51D α-synuclein mutation. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1095761. [PMID: 37292159 PMCID: PMC10244711 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1095761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative condition with several major hallmarks, including loss of substantia nigra neurons, reduction in striatal dopaminergic function, and formation of α-synuclein-rich Lewy bodies. Mutations in SNCA, encoding for α-synuclein, are a known cause of familial PD, and the G51D mutation causes a particularly aggressive form of the condition. CRISPR/Cas9 technology was used to introduce the G51D mutation into the endogenous rat SNCA gene. SNCAG51D/+ and SNCAG51D/G51D rats were born in Mendelian ratios and did not exhibit any severe behavourial defects. L-3,4-dihydroxy-6-18F-fluorophenylalanine (18F-DOPA) positron emission tomography (PET) imaging was used to investigate this novel rat model. Wild-type (WT), SNCAG51D/+ and SNCAG51D/G51D rats were characterized over the course of ageing (5, 11, and 16 months old) using 18F-DOPA PET imaging and kinetic modelling. We measured the influx rate constant (Ki) and effective distribution volume ratio (EDVR) of 18F-DOPA in the striatum relative to the cerebellum in WT, SNCAG51D/+ and SNCAG51D/G51D rats. A significant reduction in EDVR was observed in SNCAG51D/G51D rats at 16 months of age indicative of increased dopamine turnover. Furthermore, we observed a significant asymmetry in EDVR between the left and right striatum in aged SNCAG51D/G51D rats. The increased and asymmetric dopamine turnover observed in the striatum of aged SNCAG51D/G51D rats reflects one aspect of prodromal PD, and suggests the presence of compensatory mechanisms. SNCAG51D rats represent a novel genetic model of PD, and kinetic modelling of 18F-DOPA PET data has identified a highly relevant early disease phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Morley
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Karamjit Singh Dolt
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Carlos J. Alcaide-Corral
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Tashfeen Walton
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Christophe Lucatelli
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Tomoji Mashimo
- Division of Animal Genetics, Laboratory Animal Research Center, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Adriana A. S. Tavares
- University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queen’s Medical Research Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Tilo Kunath
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Regeneration and Repair, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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50
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Chesney AD, Maiti B, Hansmann UHE. SARS-COV-2 Spike Protein Fragment eases Amyloidogenesis of α-Synuclein. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.06.539715. [PMID: 37214999 PMCID: PMC10197603 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.06.539715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's Disease is accompanied by presence of amyloids in the brain formed of α-synuclein chains. Correlation between COVID-19 and the onset of Parkinson's disease let to the idea that amyloidogenic segments in SARS-COV-2 proteins can induce aggregation of α-synuclein. Using molecular dynamic simulations, we show that the fragment FKNIDGYFKI of the spike protein, which is unique for SARS-COV-2, shifts preferentially the ensemble of α-synuclein monomer towards rod-like fibril seeding conformations, and at the same time stabilizes differentially this polymorph over the competing twister-like structure. Our results are compared with earlier work relying on a different protein fragment that is not specific for SARS-COV-2.
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